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William, Prince of Wales

May 06, 2023

"Prince William" redirects here. For other uses, see Prince William (disambiguation).

William, Prince of Wales, KG, KT, PC, ADC (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is the heir apparent to the British throne. He is the elder son of King Charles III and Diana, Princess of Wales.

William
Prince of Wales (more)
William in 2021
BornPrince William of Wales
(1982-06-21) 21 June 1982 (age 40)
St Mary's Hospital, London, England
Spouse
​
(m. 2011)​
Issue
Names
William Arthur Philip Louis[a]
HouseWindsor
FatherCharles III
MotherDiana Spencer
Signature
Education
Military career
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Armed Forces
Active service2006–2013
RankSee list
UnitBlues and Royals
HMS Iron Duke
RAF Search and Rescue Force

Born in London, William was educated at Wetherby School, Ludgrove School and Eton College. He earned a Master of Arts degree in geography at the University of St Andrews where he met his future spouse, Catherine Middleton. William then trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst prior to serving with the Blues and Royals. In April 2008, William graduated from Royal Air Force College Cranwell, joining the RAF Search and Rescue Force in early 2009. He served as a full-time pilot with the East Anglian Air Ambulance for two years, starting in July 2015.

William performs official duties and engagements on behalf of the British monarch.[3] He holds patronage with over 30 charitable and military organisations, including the Tusk Trust, Centrepoint, The Passage, Wales Air Ambulance and London's Air Ambulance Charity. He undertakes projects through The Royal Foundation, with his charity work revolving around mental health, conservation, and emergency workers. In December 2014, he founded the "United for Wildlife" initiative, which aims to reduce worldwide illegal wildlife trade. In April 2016, William, his wife Catherine and his brother Harry initiated the mental health awareness campaign "Heads Together" to encourage people to open up about their mental health issues. In October 2020, William announced the launch of the Earthshot Prize, a £50 million initiative to incentivise environmental solutions over the next decade.

William was made Duke of Cambridge prior to his wedding to Catherine Middleton in April 2011. They have three children: Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis. He became Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay following his father's accession to the throne on 8 September 2022. The following day, he was made Prince of Wales, the traditional title for the heir apparent to the monarch.[4]

Early life

 
Shaking hands with Barbara Bush, 1991. His mother, Diana, and brother, Harry, look on.

Prince William was born at St Mary's Hospital, London, on 21 June 1982 as the first child of Charles, Prince of Wales (later King Charles III), and his first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales, during the reign of his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II.[5][6][7] Buckingham Palace announced his name, William Arthur Philip Louis, on 28 June.[5] On 4 August, the 82nd birthday of his paternal great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, he was christened in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie.[b]

William was the first child born to a prince and princess of Wales since Prince John was born to Prince George and Princess Mary (later King George V and Queen Mary) in 1905.[9] When he was nine months old, William accompanied his parents on their 1983 tour of Australia and New Zealand, as his first trip overseas.[10] It marked the first time that a royal baby was taken on an overseas tour.[11] William's younger brother, Prince Harry, was born in 1984. William and Harry were raised at Kensington Palace in London, and Highgrove House in Gloucestershire.[12][13][14]

Known informally as "Wills" within the family,[15] William was nicknamed "Willy" by his brother and "Wombat" by his mother.[16][17] Diana wished her sons to obtain broader and more typical life experiences beyond royal upbringing, taking them to Walt Disney World, McDonald's, AIDS clinics, and shelters for the homeless.[18] A "rambunctious" and "bratty" child, biographer Robert Lacey asserts that William grew "more reflective" with a "noticeably quiet character" as he began boarding school.[19] Diana was reported to have described William as "my little wise old man" on whom she started to rely as her confidant by his early teens.[20]

William carried out his first public engagement while accompanying his parents on a visit to Llandaff on Saint David's Day in 1991.[21] He and Harry travelled to Canada on an official visit with their parents in 1991 and again with Prince Charles in 1998.[22][23] William's parents divorced in 1996. Diana died in a car accident in the early hours of 31 August 1997. William, then aged 15, together with his 12-year-old brother and their father, was staying at Balmoral Castle at the time. The following morning, Prince Charles informed William and Harry of their mother's death.[24] William was reportedly uncertain as to whether he should walk behind his mother's coffin during the funeral procession. His grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, told him: "If you don't walk, I think you'll regret it later. If I walk, will you walk with me?"[25] At the funeral, William and Harry walked alongside their father, grandfather, and maternal uncle, Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, behind the funeral cortège from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey.[26]

After his mother's death, William stated that he was "in a state of shock for many years."[27] William and his brother Harry inherited the majority of the £12.9 million left by their mother on their respective 30th birthdays, a figure that had grown to £10 million each in 2014.[28][29] In 2014, the brothers inherited their mother's wedding dress along with many other of her personal possessions including dresses, diamond tiaras, jewels, letters, and paintings. The brothers also received the original lyrics and score of "Candle in the Wind" by Bernie Taupin and Elton John as performed by John at Diana's funeral.[29] In 2002, The Times reported that William and his brother would also share £4.9 million from trust funds established by their great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, on their respective 21st birthdays, as well as £8 million upon their respective 40th birthdays.[30]

Education

William was educated at private schools, starting at Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School, both in London.[31] Following this, he attended Ludgrove School near Wokingham, Berkshire, and was privately tutored during summers by Rory Stewart.[32] At Ludgrove, he participated in football, swimming, basketball, clay pigeon shooting, and cross country running. He was subsequently admitted to Eton College, studying geography, biology, and history of art at A-Level. He obtained an 'A' in geography, a 'C' in biology, and a 'B' in history of art.[33][34][35] William became captain of the swimming team and his house football team at Eton, also taking up water polo.[36][37]

The decision to place William at Eton went against the family tradition of sending royal children to Gordonstoun, which his grandfather and father both attended. Diana's father and brother both attended Eton.[18] The royal family and the tabloid press agreed that William would be allowed to study free from intrusion in exchange for regular updates about his life. John Wakeham, chairman of the Press Complaints Commission, stated "Prince William is not an institution; nor a soap star; nor a football hero. He is a boy: in the next few years, perhaps the most important and sometimes painful part of his life, he will grow up and become a man."[18] While at Eton, he often had tea on weekends at the nearby Windsor Castle with his grandmother, discussing state boxes and constitutional duties meant to "prepare [him] as future King."[38][39]

On 3 June 1991, William was admitted to Royal Berkshire Hospital after being accidentally hit on the forehead by a fellow pupil wielding a golf club. He suffered a depressed fracture of the skull and was operated on at Great Ormond Street Hospital, resulting in a permanent scar.[40] The incident received widespread media attention.[36] In 1999, he underwent an operation on his left hand after he broke a finger.[41] After completing his studies at Eton, William took a gap year, during which he took part in British Army training exercises in Belize,[42] worked on English dairy farms, and visited Africa.[43] As part of the Raleigh International programme in the town of Tortel in southern Chile, for ten weeks William worked on local construction projects and taught English. He lived with other young volunteers, sharing in the common household chores.[42] His interest in African culture prompted him to teach himself Swahili.[44]

In 2001, William enrolled at the University of St Andrews in Scotland.[45][46] Similar to his time at Eton, the media agreed not to invade William's privacy, and students were warned not to leak stories to the press.[47] he embarked on a degree course in Art History, later changing his main subject to Geography. William wrote his dissertation on the coral reefs of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean and graduated with an undergraduate Master of Arts (MA Hons) degree with upper second class honours in 2005.[48][49][50] While at university, he represented the Scottish national universities water polo team at the Celtic Nations tournament in 2004.[37] He was known as "Steve" by other students to avoid any journalists overhearing and realising his identity.[51]

Early appointments and duties

At the age of 21, William was appointed a Counsellor of State; he first served in that capacity when the Queen attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 2003.[52] In July 2005, he embarked on his first solo public engagements on an overseas tour of New Zealand, travelling to participate in World War II commemorations.[53][52] According to author Tina Brown, he had, like his father, expressed a desire to become Governor-General of Australia.[54] In 2009, the Queen set up a private office for William and Harry with David Manning as their adviser.[55] Manning accompanied William on his first official tour in January 2010 as he toured Auckland and Wellington; William opened the new building of the Supreme Court of New Zealand and was welcomed by a Māori chief.[56][57] The visit spurred crowds of "many thousands", with positive public reception compared to that of Diana's 1983 tour.[58] In March 2011, William visited Christchurch, New Zealand, shortly after the earthquake,[59] and spoke at the memorial service at Hagley Park on behalf of his grandmother.[60] He also travelled to Australia to visit areas affected by flooding in Queensland and Victoria.[61][62]

Upon graduation from university, William interned in land management at Chatsworth House and in banking at HSBC.[18] To prepare for his eventual management of the Duchy of Cornwall, in 2014, he enrolled in a vocational agricultural management course at Cambridge, which was organised by the Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership (CPSL), of which his father is patron.[63][64][65]

Military and air ambulance service

 
In Royal Air Force uniform at the 2010 Trooping the Colour

Having decided to follow a military career, William was admitted to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in January 2006.[66] As "Lieutenant Wales"—a name based on his father's title Prince of Wales—he followed his younger brother[67] into the Blues and Royals as a troop commander in an armoured reconnaissance unit, after which he spent five months training for the post at Bovington Camp, Dorset.[68]

Despite the Queen's approval for William to serve on the frontline, his position as second-in-line to the throne at the time cast doubts on his chances of seeing combat.[69] William instead trained in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, obtaining his commission as a sub-lieutenant in the former and flying officer in the latter, both broadly equivalent to the army rank of lieutenant. After completing his training, William undertook an attachment with the Royal Air Force at RAF Cranwell.[70][71] Upon completing the course he was presented with his RAF wings by his father,[72] who had received his own wings after training at Cranwell.[73] During this secondment, William flew to Afghanistan in a C-17 Globemaster that repatriated the body of Trooper Robert Pearson.[74] William was then seconded to train with the Royal Navy.[75] He completed an accelerated Naval Officer training course at the Britannia Royal Naval College.[75] Whilst serving on HMS Iron Duke in June 2008, William participated in a £40m drug seizure in the Atlantic, north-east of Barbados.[76] He was a part of the crew on the Lynx helicopter which helped seize 900 kg of cocaine from a speedboat.[77]

 
William piloting a Sea King helicopter in 2010

In January 2009, William transferred his commission to the RAF and was promoted to Flight Lieutenant. He trained to become a helicopter pilot with the RAF's Search and Rescue Force. In January 2010, he graduated from the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury.[78] On 26 January 2010, he transferred to the Search and Rescue Training Unit at RAF Valley, Anglesey, to receive training on the Sea King search and rescue helicopter; he graduated in September 2010.[79] This made him the first member of the British royal family since Henry VII to live in Wales.[80]

William's first rescue mission as co-pilot of an RAF Sea King was a response to an emergency call from Liverpool Coastguard on 2 October 2010.[81] In November 2011, he participated in a search-and-rescue mission involving a cargo ship that was sinking in the Irish Sea; William, as a co-pilot, helped rescue two sailors.[82] William was deployed to the Falkland Islands for a six-week tour with No. 1564 Flight from February to March 2012.[83][84] The Argentine government condemned William's deployment to the islands close to the 30th anniversary of the beginning of the Falklands War as a "provocative act".[85][86] In June 2012, Prince William gained a qualification to be captain or pilot in command of a Sea King rather than a co-pilot.[87] His active service as an RAF search-and-rescue pilot ended in September 2013.[88][89] He conducted 156 search and rescue operations, which resulted in 149 people being rescued.[90] He later became patron to the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight.[91]

On 13 July 2015, William began working full-time as a pilot with the East Anglian Air Ambulance (EAAA) based at Cambridge Airport, which he felt was a natural progression from his previous search-and-rescue role.[92][93] He donated his full salary to the EAAA charity.[93] William required a civil pilot's licence and further training before being permitted begin his role.[93] He underwent part of his training as an at Norwich Airport.[94] William described working irregular shifts and dealing mostly with critical care cases.[95] He also discussed the impact of witnessing intensive trauma and bereavement on his mental health and personal life.[96] The BBC has written that William was "exposed to the National Health Service in a way that no other senior royal has been or possibly ever will be."[97]

William left his position with EAAA in July 2017 to assume full-time royal duties.[98][97] After supporting an anniversary campaign for London's Air Ambulance Charity in 2019, he became the charity's official patron in March 2020.[99] In May 2020, he granted permission to the charity to use Kensington Palace's private lawn to refuel during the COVID-19 pandemic.[100] To mark Air Ambulance Week 2020, he wrote a letter thanking air ambulance workers, stating his "profound respect" for the community, particularly during the "immeasurably difficult" outbreak.[101][102] In February 2023, he became patron of the Wales Air Ambulance charity.[103][104]

Personal life

 
William and Catherine on the Buckingham Palace balcony on their wedding day
Further information: Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton

In 2001, William met Catherine Middleton while they were students in residence at St Salvator's Hall at the University of St Andrews.[105] She reportedly caught William's attention at a charity fashion show on campus.[106] The couple began dating in 2003.[107] During their second year, William shared a flat with Middleton and two other friends.[108] From 2003 to 2005, they both resided at Balgove House on the Strathtyrum estate with two roommates.[109][110] In 2004, the couple briefly split but continued their relationship soon afterwards.[111]

The relationship was followed closely by the tabloid press.[112][113] Media attention became so intense that William asked the press to keep their distance from Middleton.[113] On 15 December 2006, Middleton and her family attended Prince William's Passing Out Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.[114][115] In April 2007, William and Middleton were reported to have split.[112] Middleton and her family attended the Concert for Diana in July 2007 at Wembley Stadium,[108] where she and Prince William sat two rows apart. The couple were subsequently reported to have "rekindled their relationship".[116] Middleton was in attendance during the Order of the Garter procession ceremony at Windsor Castle in June 2008, where William was made a Royal Knight of the Garter.[117] In June 2010, the couple moved into a cottage on the Bodorgan Estate in Anglesey, Wales, where they resided until 2014.[118][119][120][121]

 
William, Catherine, and their children at the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2022

The couple became engaged in October 2010 while on holiday in Kenya.[122] Clarence House announced their engagement on 16 November.[122] William gave his fianceé his mother's engagement ring. The wedding took place in Westminster Abbey on 29 April 2011.[123] One million people lined the wedding procession route in London, while the global audience for the wedding was reported to be 300 million or more, with 26 million people watching the event live in the United Kingdom.[124][125][126][127] Following their marriage, William and Catherine used Nottingham Cottage as their London home until 2013, when £4.5 million renovations completed at Apartment 1A at Kensington Palace, which continues to be their official London residence.[128][129][130] The couple were given Anmer Hall, on the Sandringham Estate, as a wedding gift from the Queen, where they lived from 2015 to 2017.[131][132] Kensington Palace became the couple's main residence in 2017.[133] In September 2022, William and his family moved to Adelaide Cottage in Windsor.[134][135]

Catherine's first pregnancy was announced on 3 December 2012.[136] She was admitted on 22 July 2013 to the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital, London, where Prince William had been delivered. Later that day, she gave birth to Prince George.[137][138] On 8 September 2014, it was announced that Catherine was pregnant with her second child.[139] She was admitted on 2 May 2015 to the same hospital and gave birth to Princess Charlotte.[140] Catherine's third pregnancy was announced on 4 September 2017;[141] Prince Louis was born on 23 April 2018.[142]

William and Catherine have owned two English Cocker Spaniels, named Lupo and Orla.[143][144] William is the godfather of Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark (b. 1998), a distant relation through his grandfather the Duke of Edinburgh; and Mia Tindall (b. 2014), the eldest child of his paternal cousin Zara Tindall.[145][146]

Duke of Cambridge

 
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge at the Canada Day celebration in 2011, during their first tour outside the UK

In April 2011, William was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, and Baron Carrickfergus on the day of his wedding to Catherine Middleton.[147][148][149][150] In May 2011, he and Catherine met the then US president Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at Buckingham Palace.[151] The couple toured Canada in summer 2011, attending Canada Day celebrations on Parliament Hill; William delivered speeches at Quebec City Hall and Northwest Territories, the former entirely in French and the latter including phrases from the Na-Dene and Inuvialuktun languages.[152][153][154] Following initial public indifference[155] the couple drew crowds of up to half a million[156] and were praised for their relateability, with William referred "comfortably" to as a prince of Canada by the CBC.[157]

William and Catherine served as ambassadors for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, during multiple sporting events throughout the games.[158] In September 2012, they toured Singapore, Malaysia, Tuvalu, and the Solomon Islands as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.[159] The couple attended further commemorations of the Jubilee throughout the year, including the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant in July.[160][161][162] William hosted his first investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace in October 2013, an "extension of the Duke of Cambridge's public duties" after leaving the Royal Air Force.[163] In April 2014, William and Catherine undertook a royal tour to New Zealand and Australia with their son, Prince George. The itinerary included visiting the Plunket Society for children and visiting fire-damaged areas in New South Wales.[164] The tour was well-received by local press, with New Zealand prime minister John Key crediting the couple with alleviating republican sentiment.[165] In August, William, Catherine, and Harry represented the royal family at World War I commemorations in Belgium.[166] In December 2014, William and Catherine visited New York and Washington D.C, where he met President Obama at the White House and made a speech at the World Bank condemning the illegal trade in wildlife.[167][168]

In February 2015, William visited Japan, meeting Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko at the Imperial Palace and visiting survivors devastated by the 2011 tsunami.[169] From 1 to 4 March, he visited the Chinese cities Beijing, Shanghai, and Yunnan and met President Xi Jinping. It was the first royal visit to mainland China in almost three decades, with press referring to William's diplomacy as "deft" and "polished".[170][171][172] In April 2016, William and Catherine undertook a tour to India and Bhutan.[173] Activities included visiting children's charities such as Childline India, as well as a visit to Lingkana Palace.[174][175] Following press criticizing him as "work-shy", William stated that he "took [his] duty very seriously" and was focusing on fatherhood and air ambulance work.[176] William and Catherine toured Canada once again in September 2016.[177] Countries visited by the couple in 2017 include France, Poland, Germany, and Belgium.[178][179][180][181] In January 2018, the couple visited Sweden and Norway.[182] The visits, which were, like others, requested by the Foreign Office, were interpreted to benefit UK-European relations post Brexit.[183][184][185] In June 2018, William toured Jordan, Israel and Palestine.[186][187]

 
William and Catherine greeting members of the public on their visit to Sweden in 2018

William and Catherine toured Pakistan in October 2019, which was the royal family's first visit to the country in 13 years.[188] In March 2020, the couple carried out a three-day tour of Ireland, visiting County Meath, Kildare, and Galway.[189] In October 2020, the couple met Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky and First Lady Olena Zelenska, at Buckingham Palace, the first engagement held at the residence since the COVID-19 pandemic.[190] On 1 November 2020, it was reported that William had tested positive for COVID-19 in April but decided not to alert the media to 'avoid alarming the nation'.[191] The Daily Telegraph reported he had been "very ill" and had isolated away from his family;[192] other sources say that he had not been seriously ill, not bed-ridden and working for most of the time.[193] In December, the couple embarked on a tour of England, Scotland, and Wales via the British royal train "to pay tribute to the inspiring work" of communities and charities in 2020.[194][195][196] Prime Minister Boris Johnson expressed his support, while Scottish first minister Nicola Sturgeon criticised the tour, citing travel restrictions; local governments were consulted before planning the tour.[197][198] In William's capacity as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the couple toured the country in May 2021.[199] In Cornwall on 11 June 2021, William and Catherine attended the G7 summit for the first time.[200][201][202]

In March 2022, William and Catherine embarked on a tour of Belize, The Bahamas and Jamaica as part of the Queen's Platinum Jubilee celebrations. They encountered political and press criticism, given his family's ancestral connections to colonialism and the Atlantic slave trade.[203][204] Reparations for slavery emerged as a major demand of protesters during the couple's visit.[205] William assured that the royal family would accept each country's decision on republicanism with "pride and respect".[206] During the unveiling of the National Windrush Monument in London, William described the tour as "an opportunity to reflect" and condemned racism faced by both members of the Windrush generation and minorities in 2022.[207][208]

In May 2022, William attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time as a counsellor of state, where his father, the Prince of Wales, delivered the Queen's Speech on behalf of William's grandmother.[209]

Prince of Wales

 
With US president Joe Biden in Boston, December 2022

Queen Elizabeth II died on 8 September 2022, and William's father succeeded as Charles III. William, now heir apparent, was announced as Prince of Wales by his father on 9 September. Controversy regarding the title became a topic of public debate in Wales.[210][211] By 17 September, a petition calling for the end of the title had received over 30,000 signatures,[212][213] while a YouGov poll showed 66% support for Prince William to be given the title compared to 22% opposed.[210] On 30 October, Senedd Llywydd Elin Jones noted that an investiture is not a constitutional requirement and suggested that contemporary Wales would deem it unnecessary.[214] Kensington Palace also stated an investiture is "not on the table".[215] As the eldest son of the British monarch, William has inherited the Duchy of Cornwall, which brings him additional income.[216][217] The duchy is "a £760 million (about US$1.25 billion) entity established in 1337" to provide a private income to the monarch's eldest son.[63]

On 27 September 2022, William and Catherine visited Anglesey and Swansea, which marked their first visit to Wales since becoming Prince and Princess of Wales.[218] William visited the Senedd in November 2022, meeting Welsh first minister Mark Drakeford.[219] In the same month, he and Catherine welcomed South African president Cyril Ramaphosa and attended a state dinner in honour of his visit.[220] They made their first official visit to Cornwall as Duke and Duchess in February 2023, visiting Falmouth.[221]

In March 2023, William undertook a solo visit to Poland during which he visited Rzeszów to meet Polish and British troops and Ukrainian refugees, and had talks with Polish president Andrzej Duda at the Presidential Palace in Warsaw.[222][223]

Charity work

Main article: The Royal Foundation

Humanitarian and environmental patronages

William became aware of HIV/AIDS in the mid-1990s when he accompanied his mother and brother on visits to shelters and clinics for patients. In January 2005, William and his brother volunteered at a British Red Cross aid distribution centre to pack emergency supplies for countries affected by the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.[224] In May that year, he spent two weeks in North Wales with Mountain Rescue England and Wales (MREW).[224] In May 2007, William became patron of MREW and president of the Royal Marsden Hospital, the latter of which was a role previously held by his mother.[225][226]

In 2007, William and Harry organised the Concert for Diana, in memory of their mother, which benefitted the charities and patronages of Diana, William, and Harry.[227] In October 2008, William and his brother embarked on the 1,000 mile eight-day Enduro Africa motorbike ride across South Africa to raise money for Sentebale, UNICEF and the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund.[228] In 2010, he also became a patron of 100 Women in Hedge Funds Philanthropic Initiatives.[229] William succeeded Lord Attenborough in 2010 as the fifth president of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.[230] In March 2011, William and Catherine set up a gift fund held by The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to allow well-wishers to donate money to charities supporting the armed forces, children, the elderly, art, sport and conservation in lieu of gifts.[231] The charity was later renamed The Royal Foundation.[232][c]

William has spoken out for LGBT rights as part of his work against cyberbullying, stating the importance of being "proud of the person you are" and discussing the effects of online abuse and discrimination.[234] In 2016, he appeared in the July issue of Attitude and became the first member of the royal family to be featured on the cover of a gay magazine.[235] He was recognised at the British LGBT Awards in May 2017.[234]

In March 2020, William appeared in a video for the National Emergencies Trust, launching a fundraising appeal to help charities during the pandemic. The appeal raised £11 million in its first week, eventually totalling to £90 million, with the money going out to "front line charities" and to the UK Community Foundations to be distributed among "local community foundations".[236][237] In April 2020, he officially became the patron of the organisation.[238] In April 2020, he made a surprise appearance in The Big Night In, a 20 April 2020 telethon held during the COVID-19 pandemic, in a skit which he held a video call with Stephen Fry, who revised his role as (a descendant of) Lord Melchett, from the Blackadder series.[239]

In December 2020, William and his wife became joint patrons of NHS Charities Together.[240] In February 2021, William visited a vaccination centre in King's Lynn and later encouraged use of the vaccine, denouncing false information that could cause vaccine hesitancy.[241][242] In May 2021, he got his first dose of COVID-19 vaccine by NHS staff at the Science Museum in London.[243]

In September 2021, it was reported that William had helped an Afghan officer who was a graduate of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and an assistant to the British troops be evacuated from the Kabul airport along with more than 10 members of his family amid the 2021 Taliban offensive.[244] In March 2022 and amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, William and Catherine made a donation to help the refugees.[245] In February 2023, they donated to the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) which was helping victims of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.[246]

Conservation

 
At a United for Wildlife Taskforce Meeting at Buckingham Palace, 2017

Prince William became a patron of the Tusk Trust in December 2005,[225] a charity that works towards conserving wildlife and initiating community development across Africa.[247][248] He carried out his first official duty with the trust in launching a 5,000-mile (8,000 km) bike ride across the African continent in 2008.[249] Later, William helped with launching the Tusk Conservation Awards, which have been presented to selected environmental activists annually since 2013.[250] In June 2010, William and his brother visited Botswana, Lesotho, and South Africa, visiting projects relating to wildlife, sport, and young children.[251] William has occasionally commented on the effects of overpopulation on the wildlife of Africa, but his remarks have been criticised for not taking resource consumption and population density into consideration.[252] In 2013, he succeeded his grandfather, the Duke of Edinburgh, as president of Fields in Trust.[253] He established the United for Wildlife Transport Taskforce in December 2014, with the goal of reducing global illegal wildlife trade.[254]

After two years of research, William launched the Earthshot Prize in October 2020, designed to provide funding and incentive for environmental solutions over the next decade. The Prize is slated to be given every year from 2021 until 2030 to five winners each year, in accordance with five categories detailing the restoration of nature, air cleanliness, ocean conservation, waste-free living, and climate change.[255] Following the launch, William gave a TED Talk on environmental protection and conservation as part of the TED Countdown climate change initiative.[256] Later that month, William took over the patronages of Fauna and Flora International and the British Trust for Ornithology, passed on from his grandparents.[257] In the same month, he appeared in an ITV documentary titled Prince William: A Planet For Us All to discuss environmental issues.[258]

In early 2021, William made a private donation to the Thin Green Line Foundation, which provides grants for the relatives of conservation park rangers that are killed every year while protecting wildlife.[259] In July 2022, William condemned the murder of South African park ranger Anton Mzimba and asked for the responsible parties to "be brought to justice".[260] In August 2022, he voiced his support for the 63-month prison sentence given in the United States to a man responsible for trafficking rhinoceros horns and elephant ivory.[261] He had previously called for harsher punishments and penalties for poachers and smugglers at the Illegal Wildlife Trade Conference in 2018.[262] In 2014, Jane Goodall stated that William had expressed the view that all ivory in the royal collection needed to be destroyed.[263]

Mental health

Since 2009, William has been the patron of Child Bereavement UK, which provides support for children and families who have lost a loved one.[264] In 2016, the Royal Foundation launched multiple mental health initiatives, including Heads Together, a campaign led by William, Catherine and Prince Harry to de-stigmatise mental health.[265] Legacy programmes include Mental Health at Work, launched in September 2018 to change the approach to workplace mental health in the UK, as well as Heads Up, launched in May 2019 in partnership with the Football Association, utilising football to affect the conversation surrounding mental health in adults.[266][267] Later that month, the couple together with William's brother and sister-in-law launched Shout, the UK's first 24/7 text messaging service for those who suffer from mental issues.[268] William later volunteered on the crisis helpline during the COVID-19 lockdowns to provide support via text message.[269] William attributes his interest in mental health to his experiences as an air ambulance pilot, his work with the homeless, veterans' welfare, and his wife's anti-addiction advocacy.[27]

In late March 2020, William and Catherine began supporting a new mental health initiative by the Public Health England amidst the coronavirus pandemic.[270] In April 2020, the couple announced Our Frontline, an initiative providing mental health support to emergency medical workers.[271] In September 2020, he established the Emergency Responders Senior Leaders Board, commissioned by the foundation to research the mental health and wellbeing of emergency responders.[272] The project is in partnership with King's College London and the Open University. In May 2021 and 2022, William and Catherine voiced the Mental Health Minute message, which was broadcast on every radio station in the UK on and asked people to help individuals around them that suffer from loneliness.[273][274] In October 2022 and to mark the World Mental Health Day, the couple took over Newsbeat and interviewed four guests on topics related to mental health.[275]

Homelessness

In September 2005, William granted his patronage to Centrepoint, a charity that assists the homeless.[225][276] In December 2009, as part of a Centrepoint-organised event, the prince spent the night in a sleeping bag near the Blackfriars Bridge to raise awareness of the experiences of homeless youth.[277] He opened their new facility, Apprenticeship House, in November 2019 to mark their 50-year anniversary.[278]

William has been patron of homelessness charity The Passage since 2019 after first visiting the centre in 1992 with his mother.[279] In October 2020, he wrote the introduction to the organisation's 40th-anniversary fundraising cookbook, discussing the importance of helping victims of homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic.[280] In December 2020, William volunteered at the charity to help prepare donation bags for homeless residents in emergency hotel accommodations and spoke with residents about their experiences.[281] In March 2022, he was spotted selling copies of The Big Issue on the streets, copies of which are usually sold by homeless and unemployed people to collect money.[282]

Sport

 
Playing polo at Sandhurst in 2007

William often plays polo to raise money for charity.[283] He is a fan of football, and supports the English club Aston Villa.[284] He became president of England's Football Association in May 2006 and vice-royal patron of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) in February 2007, supporting the Queen as patron.[225] The same year, the WRU's decision to name the Prince William Cup drew criticism as some believed it would have been more appropriate to name it after Ray Gravell.[285][286][287] In December 2016, William became patron of the WRU.[288]

In December 2010, William and British prime minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong-joon at which Chung suggested a vote-trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England. The English delegation reported the suggestion to FIFA, considering it a violation of anti-collusion rules.[289][290] In 2011, William as president of the English FA, voted against Australia's 2022 FIFA bid and instead voted for South Korea; despite being the country's future heir. In 2020, he voted against the joint Australia–New Zealand 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup bid and instead voted for Colombia.[291]

In February 2021, following an investigation into racism directed at Marcus Rashford, William released a statement as president of the FA, denouncing the "racist abuse... whether on the pitch, in the stands, or on social media" as "despicable" and stating that "we all have a responsibility" to create an environment of tolerance and accountability.[292] In April 2021, William criticised the planned breakaway competition The Super League, adding that he "share[d] the concerns of fans about the proposed Super League and the damage it risks causing to the game we love."[293] In July 2021, he condemned racist attacks against England football players following their loss at the UEFA Euro 2020 finale.[294]

In May 2007, William became patron of the English Schools' Swimming Association.[225] In 2012, together with his wife Catherine and brother Prince Harry, William launched Coach Core. The program was set up following the 2012 Olympics and provides apprenticeship opportunities for people who desire to pursue a career as a professional coach.[295] In May 2020, he appeared in a BBC One Documentary titled Football, Prince William and Our Mental Health as a part of a campaign to promote men to discuss their mental issues using football as a common medium.[296]

Both William and his brother are enthusiastic motorcyclists; William owns a Ducati 1198 S Corse.[297] In May 2014, William, like his father and paternal grandfather, became president of the British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC).[298] He enthusiastically took part in a bandy event in Stockholm in January 2018.[299]

In November 2022, William was criticised by Welsh football followers and the Welsh actor Michael Sheen for holding the Prince of Wales title whilst having affiliations with England football, particularly after he presented England jerseys to the squad in advance of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in which both Wales and England would be playing in the same Group B.[300]

Public image

William is generally believed to be popular across Britain and has been known to be one of the most popular members of the British royal family since his birth.[301][302][303][304] He has been particularly praised for his work in launching and running the Earthshot Prize along with David Attenborough.[305][306]

In April 2011, Time magazine listed him as one of the one of the most influential people in the world alongside his then newly wed spouse Catherine.[307] In December 2022, he was found to be the most liked member of the royal family by statistics and polling company YouGov.[308]

Privacy and the media

The death of William's mother while being chased by the paparazzi in 1997[309] has since influenced his attitude towards the media.[310] William and Catherine have often requested that, when off-duty, their privacy should be respected.[310]

In 2005, William spoke with ITV reporter Tom Bradby and concluded it was likely that their voicemails were being accessed.[311] An investigation under Deputy Assistant Commissioner Peter Clarke concluded that the compromised voice mail accounts belonged to Prince William's aides, including Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton,[312] and not the prince himself.[313] However, Clive Goodman later stated that he had hacked William's phone on 35 occasions.[314] William later sued News Group Newspapers, the publisher of News of the World and The Sun, which resulted in an out-of-court settlement in 2020.[315] William and his brother Harry brought a claim privately through their mutual attorneys, but Harry later pursued his case separately with a new solicitor.[315][316]

In 2005 and after his then-girlfriend Catherine Middleton was chased by the paparazzi on her way to a job interview, William consulted Middleton and her father and penned a legal letter to newspapers requesting that they respect her privacy.[317] As media attention increased around the time of Middleton's 25th birthday in January 2007, he issued a public statement, mentioning that "the situation is proving unbearable for all those concerned."[318] In October 2007, William issued a public statement via his press secretary complaining about the "aggressive pursuit" by "photographers on motorcycles, in vehicles and on foot" while he and Middleton were leaving a London nightclub and later driving in his car.[319] Following the statement, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, and Daily Express all decided against using the paparazzi photos of the couple, but The Sun published photos taken before the couple's car had left.[319] The statement prompted the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) to issue a warning, asking editors not to publish photographs which were taken through harassment.[319] In April 2009, William's lawyers obtained an apology from The Daily Star after the tabloid had claimed he had "wrecked" a $2m plane during pilot training.[320]

In September 2012, the French edition of Closer and Italian gossip magazine Chi published photographs of Catherine sun-bathing topless while on holiday at the Château d'Autet in Provence.[310] Analysts from The Times believed the photographs were taken from the D22 (Vaucluse) road half a kilometre from the pool—a distance that would require an 800-mm or a 1000-mm lens.[321] On 17 September 2012, the Prince and Princess filed a criminal complaint with the French prosecution department and launched a claim for civil damages at the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Nanterre.[322] The following day the courts granted an injunction against Closer prohibiting further publication of the photographs and announced a criminal investigation would be initiated.[323] Under French law, punitive damages cannot be awarded[324] but intrusions of privacy are a criminal offence.[325][326] In September 2017, Closer was fined €100,000 and its editor Laurence Pieau and owner Ernesto Mauri were each fined €45,000.[327]

In October 2014, William and Catherine sent a legal letter to a freelance photographer who had put their son George and his nanny "under surveillance", asking the individual to stop "harassing and following" them.[328] In August 2015, Kensington Palace published a letter detailing what it stated were the "dangerous" and invasive efforts of the media to get paparazzi pictures of Prince George and Princess Charlotte. Jason Knauf, communications secretary to the couple, wrote the letter to media standards organisations in various countries.[329]

In November 2016, William issued a statement supporting his brother Harry and his then girlfriend, Meghan Markle, following their complaints about the press intrusion, stating that he "understands the situation concerning privacy and supports the need for Prince Harry to support those closest to him."[330]

In November 2018 and during a visit to the BBC studios in central London, William publicly criticised the social media firms' approach to handling "misinformation and conspiracy" and added, "Their self-image is so grounded in their positive power for good that they seem unable to engage in constructive discussion about the social problems they are creating".[331]

In June 2022, a three-minute video of William confronting Terry Harris, a paparazzi photographer, was posted to Harris's YouTube channel.[332] It was recorded by Harris in January 2021 and shows William arguing with Harris as he attempts to film his family on a bike ride near Anmer Hall.[333] Kensington Palace described the video as a breach of the family's privacy and asked for it to be removed from public websites.[333] The couple's lawyers also contacted the photographer, who claimed he was on public roads and had filmed the video after hearing about allegations that William and Catherine had broken the "rule of six" as they toured a public attraction at Sandringham while William's uncle and aunt, then Earl and Countess of Wessex, and their children happened to be in the same spot.[332]

Titles, styles, honours, and arms

Main article: List of titles and honours of William, Prince of Wales

Titles and styles

 
Royal monogram

William has been a British prince since birth. On his wedding day, 29 April 2011, his grandmother Elizabeth II created him Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus. The letters patent granting these titles were issued on 26 May that year.[334][335]

As the eldest son of the monarch, William automatically became Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland on the accession of his father on 8 September 2022.[336][337] On 9 September, Charles announced the creation of William as Prince of Wales;[210] the letters patent formally granting him this title and that of Earl of Chester were issued on 13 February 2023.[338] The usage of the title Prince of Wales has been subject to some controversy over the past decades.[211]

Two forms of address are in current use. In Scotland, William is known by his highest Scottish title, Duke of Rothesay, and elsewhere by his highest British title, Prince of Wales.[339]

Honours

He is a Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG),[340] a Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle (KT),[341] a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom (PC),[342][343] and a Personal Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to the sovereign.[344]

Arms

Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales outside Scotland
 
Notes
The coat of arms of the Prince of Wales, as used outside Scotland, is the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with the addition a three-pointed label. For the arms of the Duke of Rothesay in Scotland, see royal coat of arms of Scotland.
Adopted
8 September 2022
Crest
Upon the royal helm the coronet of the Prince of Wales, thereon a lion statant guardant Or crowned with the coronet of the Prince of Wales
Escutcheon
Quarterly first and fourth Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or armed and langed Azure second Or a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counterflory third Azure a harp Or stringed Argent
Supporters
Dexter a lion rampant guardant Or imperially crowned proper, sinister a unicorn Argent, armed, crined and unguled Or, gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patée and fleurs de lys a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or
Orders
The Order of the Garter ribbon.
HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE
(Shame be to him who thinks evil of it)
Other elements
The whole differenced by a plain label of three points Argent, as the eldest child of the sovereign
Symbolism
As with the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom. The first and fourth quarters are the arms of England, the second of Scotland, the third of Ireland.
Previous versions
 
Prince William was granted a personal coat of arms on his 18th birthday, differenced by a white (or silver) label with three points, the centre point bearing a red clam shell (an "escallop"), to distinguish it from the arms of other members of the Royal Family.[345] The escallop (seashell) alludes to his late mother Diana, Princess of Wales, whose Spencer coat of arms includes three Escallops Argent
Other versions
 
In February 2013, the Queen approved the conjugal arms of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, consisting of their individual arms displayed side by side, beneath a helm and coronet denoting the duke's status as grandson of the sovereign. These were released in September of the same year.[346]

Banners, flags, and standards

Main articles: Royal Standard of the United Kingdom and Royal standards of Canada
 
Feathers of the Prince of Wales

As Prince of Wales

The banners used by the Prince of Wales vary depending upon location. His personal standard is the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom differenced as in his arms with a label of three points Argent, and the escutcheon of the arms of the Principality of Wales in the centre. It is used outside Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, and Canada, and throughout the entire United Kingdom when the prince is acting in an official capacity associated with the UK Armed Forces.[347]

The personal flag for use in Wales is based upon the Royal Badge of Wales (the historic arms of the Kingdom of Gwynedd), which consist of four quadrants, the first and fourth with a red lion on a gold field, and the second and third with a gold lion on a red field. Superimposed is an escutcheon Vert bearing the single-arched coronet of the Prince of Wales.[347]

In Scotland, the personal banner used since 1974 is based upon three ancient Scottish titles: Duke of Rothesay (heir apparent to the King of Scots), High Steward of Scotland and Lord of the Isles. The flag is divided into four quadrants like the arms of the Chief of Clan Stewart of Appin; the first and fourth quadrants comprise a gold field with a blue and silver checkered band in the centre; the second and third quadrants display a black galley on a silver field. The arms are differenced from those of Appin by the addition of an inescutcheon bearing the tressured lion rampant of Scotland; defaced by a plain label of three points Azure to indicate the heir apparent.[347]

In Cornwall, the banner is the arms of the Duke of Cornwall: "Sable 15 bezants Or", that is, a black field bearing 15 gold coins.[347]

In Canada, a personal heraldic banner for the Prince of Wales was first issued in 2011, consisting of the shield of the Arms of Canada defaced with both a blue roundel of the Prince of Wales's feathers surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves, and a white label of three points.[348]

  •  

    Standard for Wales

  •  

    Royal Standard as Duke of Rothesay

  •  

    Personal Banner for Scotland

  •  

    Banner of arms for the Duke of Cornwall

  •  

    Canadian standard for the Prince of Wales

Former standards

Prior to the accession of his father, William used a banner derived from his arms, for use outside of Scotland and Canada. There was a variation of this used when in Scotland. In 2011, the Canadian Heraldic Authority introduced a personal heraldic flag for the Duke of Cambridge's use in Canada. It is the Royal Arms of Canada in banner form defaced with a blue roundel surrounded with a wreath of gold maple leaves and shells within which is a depiction of a "W" surmounted by a coronet. Above the roundel is a white label of three points, charged with a red shell.[349][350][351])

  •  

    Standard for the Duke of Cambridge

  •  

    Standard for the Earl of Strathearn

  •  

    Former Canadian personal Standard for Prince William

Ancestry

William's ancestry is royal and aristocratic. Patrilineally, he is a member of the House of Windsor and also descends from the House of Oldenburg, one of Europe's oldest royal houses. More specifically, he descends from the cadet branch known as the House of Glücksburg.[352]

Through his mother, William descends from the Earls Spencer – a cadet branch of the Spencer family descended from the Earls of Sunderland; the senior branch are now also Dukes of Marlborough; the Barons Fermoy; and more anciently from Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, and Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond—two illegitimate sons of King Charles II. As the monarch, William would be the first monarch since the death of Anne in 1714 to undisputedly descend from Charles I and the first to descend from Charles II.[353]

William descends matrilineally from Eliza Kewark, a housekeeper for his eighteenth-century ancestor Theodore Forbes—a Scottish merchant who worked for the East India Company in Surat. She is variously described in contemporary documents as "a dark-skinned native woman", "an Armenian woman from Bombay", and "Mrs. Forbesian".[353] Genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner assumed Kewark was Armenian.[354] In June 2013, BritainsDNA announced that genealogical DNA tests on two of William's distant matrilineal cousins confirm Kewark was matrilineally of Indian descent.[355][356][357][358]

Bibliography

Books

  • HRH Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, "Preface", in: Hurd, Douglas (2015). Elizabeth II: The Steadfast. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-1419794-10.
  • HRH Prince William, "Introduction", in: Butfield, Colin; Hughes, Jonnie (2021). Earthshot: How to Save Our Planet. John Murray. ISBN 978-1-5293886-26.
  • HRH The Duke of Cambridge, "Foreword", in: Martell, Peter (2022). Flowers for Elephants: How a Conservation Movement in Kenya Offers Lessons for Us All. C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited. ISBN 978-1-7873869-38.
  • HRH The Duke of Cambridge, "Foreword", in: GCHQ (2022). Puzzles for Spies. ISBN 978-0-2415799-09.

Authored letters and articles

  • The Duke of Cambridge (7 September 2020). "An open letter written by The Duke of Cambridge to mark Air Ambulance Week 2020". The Royal Family.
  • Prince William; Bloomberg, Michael (28 September 2021). "We're in a race to save Earth from climate change". USA Today.
  • The Duke of Cambridge (20 June 2022). "Prince William: 'Why I wanted to work with The Big Issue'". The Big Issue.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ As a member of the Royal Family entitled to be called His Royal Highness, William does not normally use a surname. He has used both Mountbatten-Windsor,[1] and – at university and in his military career – Wales.[2] The middle name Louis is pronounced /ˈluːi/.
  2. ^ William had six godparents: former King Constantine II of Greece (his paternal second cousin once removed); Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Mrs Ogilvy (his paternal first cousin twice removed); the Duchess of Westminster; Lady Susan Hussey; Lord Romsey (his paternal second cousin once removed); and Sir Laurens van der Post.[8]
  3. ^ It was previously known as "The Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry" and then "The Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge" before being renamed "The Royal Foundation of The Prince and Princess of Wales" in September 2022.[233]

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May 06, 2023
william, prince, wales, prince, william, redirects, here, other, uses, prince, william, disambiguation, william, arthur, philip, louis, born, june, 1982, heir, apparent, british, throne, elder, king, charles, diana, princess, wales, williamprince, wales, more,. Prince William redirects here For other uses see Prince William disambiguation William Prince of Wales KG KT PC ADC William Arthur Philip Louis born 21 June 1982 is the heir apparent to the British throne He is the elder son of King Charles III and Diana Princess of Wales WilliamPrince of Wales more William in 2021BornPrince William of Wales 1982 06 21 21 June 1982 age 40 St Mary s Hospital London EnglandSpouseCatherine Middleton m 2011 wbr IssuePrince George of Wales Princess Charlotte of Wales Prince Louis of WalesNamesWilliam Arthur Philip Louis a HouseWindsorFatherCharles IIIMotherDiana SpencerSignatureEducationEton College University of St Andrews MA Hons Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Royal Air Force College Cranwell Britannia Royal Naval College Defence Helicopter Flying SchoolMilitary careerAllegianceUnited KingdomService wbr branchBritish Armed ForcesActive service2006 2013RankSee listUnitBlues and RoyalsHMS Iron DukeRAF Search and Rescue ForceBorn in London William was educated at Wetherby School Ludgrove School and Eton College He earned a Master of Arts degree in geography at the University of St Andrews where he met his future spouse Catherine Middleton William then trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst prior to serving with the Blues and Royals In April 2008 William graduated from Royal Air Force College Cranwell joining the RAF Search and Rescue Force in early 2009 He served as a full time pilot with the East Anglian Air Ambulance for two years starting in July 2015 William performs official duties and engagements on behalf of the British monarch 3 He holds patronage with over 30 charitable and military organisations including the Tusk Trust Centrepoint The Passage Wales Air Ambulance and London s Air Ambulance Charity He undertakes projects through The Royal Foundation with his charity work revolving around mental health conservation and emergency workers In December 2014 he founded the United for Wildlife initiative which aims to reduce worldwide illegal wildlife trade In April 2016 William his wife Catherine and his brother Harry initiated the mental health awareness campaign Heads Together to encourage people to open up about their mental health issues In October 2020 William announced the launch of the Earthshot Prize a 50 million initiative to incentivise environmental solutions over the next decade William was made Duke of Cambridge prior to his wedding to Catherine Middleton in April 2011 They have three children Prince George Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis He became Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay following his father s accession to the throne on 8 September 2022 The following day he was made Prince of Wales the traditional title for the heir apparent to the monarch 4 Contents 1 Early life 2 Education 3 Early appointments and duties 3 1 Military and air ambulance service 4 Personal life 5 Duke of Cambridge 6 Prince of Wales 7 Charity work 7 1 Humanitarian and environmental patronages 7 1 1 Conservation 7 1 2 Mental health 7 1 3 Homelessness 7 2 Sport 8 Public image 9 Privacy and the media 10 Titles styles honours and arms 10 1 Titles and styles 10 2 Honours 10 3 Arms 10 4 Banners flags and standards 10 4 1 As Prince of Wales 10 4 2 Former standards 11 Ancestry 12 Bibliography 12 1 Books 12 2 Authored letters and articles 13 See also 14 Footnotes 15 References 16 Further reading 16 1 Books 16 2 Articles 17 External linksEarly life Shaking hands with Barbara Bush 1991 His mother Diana and brother Harry look on Prince William was born at St Mary s Hospital London on 21 June 1982 as the first child of Charles Prince of Wales later King Charles III and his first wife Diana Princess of Wales during the reign of his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II 5 6 7 Buckingham Palace announced his name William Arthur Philip Louis on 28 June 5 On 4 August the 82nd birthday of his paternal great grandmother Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother he was christened in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace by the Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie b William was the first child born to a prince and princess of Wales since Prince John was born to Prince George and Princess Mary later King George V and Queen Mary in 1905 9 When he was nine months old William accompanied his parents on their 1983 tour of Australia and New Zealand as his first trip overseas 10 It marked the first time that a royal baby was taken on an overseas tour 11 William s younger brother Prince Harry was born in 1984 William and Harry were raised at Kensington Palace in London and Highgrove House in Gloucestershire 12 13 14 Known informally as Wills within the family 15 William was nicknamed Willy by his brother and Wombat by his mother 16 17 Diana wished her sons to obtain broader and more typical life experiences beyond royal upbringing taking them to Walt Disney World McDonald s AIDS clinics and shelters for the homeless 18 A rambunctious and bratty child biographer Robert Lacey asserts that William grew more reflective with a noticeably quiet character as he began boarding school 19 Diana was reported to have described William as my little wise old man on whom she started to rely as her confidant by his early teens 20 William carried out his first public engagement while accompanying his parents on a visit to Llandaff on Saint David s Day in 1991 21 He and Harry travelled to Canada on an official visit with their parents in 1991 and again with Prince Charles in 1998 22 23 William s parents divorced in 1996 Diana died in a car accident in the early hours of 31 August 1997 William then aged 15 together with his 12 year old brother and their father was staying at Balmoral Castle at the time The following morning Prince Charles informed William and Harry of their mother s death 24 William was reportedly uncertain as to whether he should walk behind his mother s coffin during the funeral procession His grandfather Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh told him If you don t walk I think you ll regret it later If I walk will you walk with me 25 At the funeral William and Harry walked alongside their father grandfather and maternal uncle Charles Spencer 9th Earl Spencer behind the funeral cortege from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey 26 After his mother s death William stated that he was in a state of shock for many years 27 William and his brother Harry inherited the majority of the 12 9 million left by their mother on their respective 30th birthdays a figure that had grown to 10 million each in 2014 28 29 In 2014 the brothers inherited their mother s wedding dress along with many other of her personal possessions including dresses diamond tiaras jewels letters and paintings The brothers also received the original lyrics and score of Candle in the Wind by Bernie Taupin and Elton John as performed by John at Diana s funeral 29 In 2002 The Times reported that William and his brother would also share 4 9 million from trust funds established by their great grandmother Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother on their respective 21st birthdays as well as 8 million upon their respective 40th birthdays 30 EducationWilliam was educated at private schools starting at Jane Mynors nursery school and the pre preparatory Wetherby School both in London 31 Following this he attended Ludgrove School near Wokingham Berkshire and was privately tutored during summers by Rory Stewart 32 At Ludgrove he participated in football swimming basketball clay pigeon shooting and cross country running He was subsequently admitted to Eton College studying geography biology and history of art at A Level He obtained an A in geography a C in biology and a B in history of art 33 34 35 William became captain of the swimming team and his house football team at Eton also taking up water polo 36 37 The decision to place William at Eton went against the family tradition of sending royal children to Gordonstoun which his grandfather and father both attended Diana s father and brother both attended Eton 18 The royal family and the tabloid press agreed that William would be allowed to study free from intrusion in exchange for regular updates about his life John Wakeham chairman of the Press Complaints Commission stated Prince William is not an institution nor a soap star nor a football hero He is a boy in the next few years perhaps the most important and sometimes painful part of his life he will grow up and become a man 18 While at Eton he often had tea on weekends at the nearby Windsor Castle with his grandmother discussing state boxes and constitutional duties meant to prepare him as future King 38 39 On 3 June 1991 William was admitted to Royal Berkshire Hospital after being accidentally hit on the forehead by a fellow pupil wielding a golf club He suffered a depressed fracture of the skull and was operated on at Great Ormond Street Hospital resulting in a permanent scar 40 The incident received widespread media attention 36 In 1999 he underwent an operation on his left hand after he broke a finger 41 After completing his studies at Eton William took a gap year during which he took part in British Army training exercises in Belize 42 worked on English dairy farms and visited Africa 43 As part of the Raleigh International programme in the town of Tortel in southern Chile for ten weeks William worked on local construction projects and taught English He lived with other young volunteers sharing in the common household chores 42 His interest in African culture prompted him to teach himself Swahili 44 In 2001 William enrolled at the University of St Andrews in Scotland 45 46 Similar to his time at Eton the media agreed not to invade William s privacy and students were warned not to leak stories to the press 47 he embarked on a degree course in Art History later changing his main subject to Geography William wrote his dissertation on the coral reefs of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean and graduated with an undergraduate Master of Arts MA Hons degree with upper second class honours in 2005 48 49 50 While at university he represented the Scottish national universities water polo team at the Celtic Nations tournament in 2004 37 He was known as Steve by other students to avoid any journalists overhearing and realising his identity 51 Early appointments and dutiesAt the age of 21 William was appointed a Counsellor of State he first served in that capacity when the Queen attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 2003 52 In July 2005 he embarked on his first solo public engagements on an overseas tour of New Zealand travelling to participate in World War II commemorations 53 52 According to author Tina Brown he had like his father expressed a desire to become Governor General of Australia 54 In 2009 the Queen set up a private office for William and Harry with David Manning as their adviser 55 Manning accompanied William on his first official tour in January 2010 as he toured Auckland and Wellington William opened the new building of the Supreme Court of New Zealand and was welcomed by a Maori chief 56 57 The visit spurred crowds of many thousands with positive public reception compared to that of Diana s 1983 tour 58 In March 2011 William visited Christchurch New Zealand shortly after the earthquake 59 and spoke at the memorial service at Hagley Park on behalf of his grandmother 60 He also travelled to Australia to visit areas affected by flooding in Queensland and Victoria 61 62 Upon graduation from university William interned in land management at Chatsworth House and in banking at HSBC 18 To prepare for his eventual management of the Duchy of Cornwall in 2014 he enrolled in a vocational agricultural management course at Cambridge which was organised by the Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership CPSL of which his father is patron 63 64 65 Military and air ambulance service In Royal Air Force uniform at the 2010 Trooping the Colour Having decided to follow a military career William was admitted to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in January 2006 66 As Lieutenant Wales a name based on his father s title Prince of Wales he followed his younger brother 67 into the Blues and Royals as a troop commander in an armoured reconnaissance unit after which he spent five months training for the post at Bovington Camp Dorset 68 Despite the Queen s approval for William to serve on the frontline his position as second in line to the throne at the time cast doubts on his chances of seeing combat 69 William instead trained in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force obtaining his commission as a sub lieutenant in the former and flying officer in the latter both broadly equivalent to the army rank of lieutenant After completing his training William undertook an attachment with the Royal Air Force at RAF Cranwell 70 71 Upon completing the course he was presented with his RAF wings by his father 72 who had received his own wings after training at Cranwell 73 During this secondment William flew to Afghanistan in a C 17 Globemaster that repatriated the body of Trooper Robert Pearson 74 William was then seconded to train with the Royal Navy 75 He completed an accelerated Naval Officer training course at the Britannia Royal Naval College 75 Whilst serving on HMS Iron Duke in June 2008 William participated in a 40m drug seizure in the Atlantic north east of Barbados 76 He was a part of the crew on the Lynx helicopter which helped seize 900 kg of cocaine from a speedboat 77 William piloting a Sea King helicopter in 2010 In January 2009 William transferred his commission to the RAF and was promoted to Flight Lieutenant He trained to become a helicopter pilot with the RAF s Search and Rescue Force In January 2010 he graduated from the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury 78 On 26 January 2010 he transferred to the Search and Rescue Training Unit at RAF Valley Anglesey to receive training on the Sea King search and rescue helicopter he graduated in September 2010 79 This made him the first member of the British royal family since Henry VII to live in Wales 80 William s first rescue mission as co pilot of an RAF Sea King was a response to an emergency call from Liverpool Coastguard on 2 October 2010 81 In November 2011 he participated in a search and rescue mission involving a cargo ship that was sinking in the Irish Sea William as a co pilot helped rescue two sailors 82 William was deployed to the Falkland Islands for a six week tour with No 1564 Flight from February to March 2012 83 84 The Argentine government condemned William s deployment to the islands close to the 30th anniversary of the beginning of the Falklands War as a provocative act 85 86 In June 2012 Prince William gained a qualification to be captain or pilot in command of a Sea King rather than a co pilot 87 His active service as an RAF search and rescue pilot ended in September 2013 88 89 He conducted 156 search and rescue operations which resulted in 149 people being rescued 90 He later became patron to the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight 91 On 13 July 2015 William began working full time as a pilot with the East Anglian Air Ambulance EAAA based at Cambridge Airport which he felt was a natural progression from his previous search and rescue role 92 93 He donated his full salary to the EAAA charity 93 William required a civil pilot s licence and further training before being permitted begin his role 93 He underwent part of his training as an at Norwich Airport 94 William described working irregular shifts and dealing mostly with critical care cases 95 He also discussed the impact of witnessing intensive trauma and bereavement on his mental health and personal life 96 The BBC has written that William was exposed to the National Health Service in a way that no other senior royal has been or possibly ever will be 97 William left his position with EAAA in July 2017 to assume full time royal duties 98 97 After supporting an anniversary campaign for London s Air Ambulance Charity in 2019 he became the charity s official patron in March 2020 99 In May 2020 he granted permission to the charity to use Kensington Palace s private lawn to refuel during the COVID 19 pandemic 100 To mark Air Ambulance Week 2020 he wrote a letter thanking air ambulance workers stating his profound respect for the community particularly during the immeasurably difficult outbreak 101 102 In February 2023 he became patron of the Wales Air Ambulance charity 103 104 Personal life William and Catherine on the Buckingham Palace balcony on their wedding day Further information Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton In 2001 William met Catherine Middleton while they were students in residence at St Salvator s Hall at the University of St Andrews 105 She reportedly caught William s attention at a charity fashion show on campus 106 The couple began dating in 2003 107 During their second year William shared a flat with Middleton and two other friends 108 From 2003 to 2005 they both resided at Balgove House on the Strathtyrum estate with two roommates 109 110 In 2004 the couple briefly split but continued their relationship soon afterwards 111 The relationship was followed closely by the tabloid press 112 113 Media attention became so intense that William asked the press to keep their distance from Middleton 113 On 15 December 2006 Middleton and her family attended Prince William s Passing Out Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 114 115 In April 2007 William and Middleton were reported to have split 112 Middleton and her family attended the Concert for Diana in July 2007 at Wembley Stadium 108 where she and Prince William sat two rows apart The couple were subsequently reported to have rekindled their relationship 116 Middleton was in attendance during the Order of the Garter procession ceremony at Windsor Castle in June 2008 where William was made a Royal Knight of the Garter 117 In June 2010 the couple moved into a cottage on the Bodorgan Estate in Anglesey Wales where they resided until 2014 118 119 120 121 William Catherine and their children at the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2022 The couple became engaged in October 2010 while on holiday in Kenya 122 Clarence House announced their engagement on 16 November 122 William gave his fiancee his mother s engagement ring The wedding took place in Westminster Abbey on 29 April 2011 123 One million people lined the wedding procession route in London while the global audience for the wedding was reported to be 300 million or more with 26 million people watching the event live in the United Kingdom 124 125 126 127 Following their marriage William and Catherine used Nottingham Cottage as their London home until 2013 when 4 5 million renovations completed at Apartment 1A at Kensington Palace which continues to be their official London residence 128 129 130 The couple were given Anmer Hall on the Sandringham Estate as a wedding gift from the Queen where they lived from 2015 to 2017 131 132 Kensington Palace became the couple s main residence in 2017 133 In September 2022 William and his family moved to Adelaide Cottage in Windsor 134 135 Catherine s first pregnancy was announced on 3 December 2012 136 She was admitted on 22 July 2013 to the Lindo Wing of St Mary s Hospital London where Prince William had been delivered Later that day she gave birth to Prince George 137 138 On 8 September 2014 it was announced that Catherine was pregnant with her second child 139 She was admitted on 2 May 2015 to the same hospital and gave birth to Princess Charlotte 140 Catherine s third pregnancy was announced on 4 September 2017 141 Prince Louis was born on 23 April 2018 142 William and Catherine have owned two English Cocker Spaniels named Lupo and Orla 143 144 William is the godfather of Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark b 1998 a distant relation through his grandfather the Duke of Edinburgh and Mia Tindall b 2014 the eldest child of his paternal cousin Zara Tindall 145 146 Duke of Cambridge The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge at the Canada Day celebration in 2011 during their first tour outside the UK In April 2011 William was created Duke of Cambridge Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus on the day of his wedding to Catherine Middleton 147 148 149 150 In May 2011 he and Catherine met the then US president Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at Buckingham Palace 151 The couple toured Canada in summer 2011 attending Canada Day celebrations on Parliament Hill William delivered speeches at Quebec City Hall and Northwest Territories the former entirely in French and the latter including phrases from the Na Dene and Inuvialuktun languages 152 153 154 Following initial public indifference 155 the couple drew crowds of up to half a million 156 and were praised for their relateability with William referred comfortably to as a prince of Canada by the CBC 157 William and Catherine served as ambassadors for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London during multiple sporting events throughout the games 158 In September 2012 they toured Singapore Malaysia Tuvalu and the Solomon Islands as part of the Queen s Diamond Jubilee celebrations 159 The couple attended further commemorations of the Jubilee throughout the year including the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant in July 160 161 162 William hosted his first investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace in October 2013 an extension of the Duke of Cambridge s public duties after leaving the Royal Air Force 163 In April 2014 William and Catherine undertook a royal tour to New Zealand and Australia with their son Prince George The itinerary included visiting the Plunket Society for children and visiting fire damaged areas in New South Wales 164 The tour was well received by local press with New Zealand prime minister John Key crediting the couple with alleviating republican sentiment 165 In August William Catherine and Harry represented the royal family at World War I commemorations in Belgium 166 In December 2014 William and Catherine visited New York and Washington D C where he met President Obama at the White House and made a speech at the World Bank condemning the illegal trade in wildlife 167 168 In February 2015 William visited Japan meeting Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko at the Imperial Palace and visiting survivors devastated by the 2011 tsunami 169 From 1 to 4 March he visited the Chinese cities Beijing Shanghai and Yunnan and met President Xi Jinping It was the first royal visit to mainland China in almost three decades with press referring to William s diplomacy as deft and polished 170 171 172 In April 2016 William and Catherine undertook a tour to India and Bhutan 173 Activities included visiting children s charities such as Childline India as well as a visit to Lingkana Palace 174 175 Following press criticizing him as work shy William stated that he took his duty very seriously and was focusing on fatherhood and air ambulance work 176 William and Catherine toured Canada once again in September 2016 177 Countries visited by the couple in 2017 include France Poland Germany and Belgium 178 179 180 181 In January 2018 the couple visited Sweden and Norway 182 The visits which were like others requested by the Foreign Office were interpreted to benefit UK European relations post Brexit 183 184 185 In June 2018 William toured Jordan Israel and Palestine 186 187 William and Catherine greeting members of the public on their visit to Sweden in 2018 William and Catherine toured Pakistan in October 2019 which was the royal family s first visit to the country in 13 years 188 In March 2020 the couple carried out a three day tour of Ireland visiting County Meath Kildare and Galway 189 In October 2020 the couple met Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky and First Lady Olena Zelenska at Buckingham Palace the first engagement held at the residence since the COVID 19 pandemic 190 On 1 November 2020 it was reported that William had tested positive for COVID 19 in April but decided not to alert the media to avoid alarming the nation 191 The Daily Telegraph reported he had been very ill and had isolated away from his family 192 other sources say that he had not been seriously ill not bed ridden and working for most of the time 193 In December the couple embarked on a tour of England Scotland and Wales via the British royal train to pay tribute to the inspiring work of communities and charities in 2020 194 195 196 Prime Minister Boris Johnson expressed his support while Scottish first minister Nicola Sturgeon criticised the tour citing travel restrictions local governments were consulted before planning the tour 197 198 In William s capacity as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland the couple toured the country in May 2021 199 In Cornwall on 11 June 2021 William and Catherine attended the G7 summit for the first time 200 201 202 In March 2022 William and Catherine embarked on a tour of Belize The Bahamas and Jamaica as part of the Queen s Platinum Jubilee celebrations They encountered political and press criticism given his family s ancestral connections to colonialism and the Atlantic slave trade 203 204 Reparations for slavery emerged as a major demand of protesters during the couple s visit 205 William assured that the royal family would accept each country s decision on republicanism with pride and respect 206 During the unveiling of the National Windrush Monument in London William described the tour as an opportunity to reflect and condemned racism faced by both members of the Windrush generation and minorities in 2022 207 208 In May 2022 William attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time as a counsellor of state where his father the Prince of Wales delivered the Queen s Speech on behalf of William s grandmother 209 Prince of Wales With US president Joe Biden in Boston December 2022 Queen Elizabeth II died on 8 September 2022 and William s father succeeded as Charles III William now heir apparent was announced as Prince of Wales by his father on 9 September Controversy regarding the title became a topic of public debate in Wales 210 211 By 17 September a petition calling for the end of the title had received over 30 000 signatures 212 213 while a YouGov poll showed 66 support for Prince William to be given the title compared to 22 opposed 210 On 30 October Senedd Llywydd Elin Jones noted that an investiture is not a constitutional requirement and suggested that contemporary Wales would deem it unnecessary 214 Kensington Palace also stated an investiture is not on the table 215 As the eldest son of the British monarch William has inherited the Duchy of Cornwall which brings him additional income 216 217 The duchy is a 760 million about US 1 25 billion entity established in 1337 to provide a private income to the monarch s eldest son 63 On 27 September 2022 William and Catherine visited Anglesey and Swansea which marked their first visit to Wales since becoming Prince and Princess of Wales 218 William visited the Senedd in November 2022 meeting Welsh first minister Mark Drakeford 219 In the same month he and Catherine welcomed South African president Cyril Ramaphosa and attended a state dinner in honour of his visit 220 They made their first official visit to Cornwall as Duke and Duchess in February 2023 visiting Falmouth 221 In March 2023 William undertook a solo visit to Poland during which he visited Rzeszow to meet Polish and British troops and Ukrainian refugees and had talks with Polish president Andrzej Duda at the Presidential Palace in Warsaw 222 223 Charity workMain article The Royal Foundation Humanitarian and environmental patronages William became aware of HIV AIDS in the mid 1990s when he accompanied his mother and brother on visits to shelters and clinics for patients In January 2005 William and his brother volunteered at a British Red Cross aid distribution centre to pack emergency supplies for countries affected by the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami 224 In May that year he spent two weeks in North Wales with Mountain Rescue England and Wales MREW 224 In May 2007 William became patron of MREW and president of the Royal Marsden Hospital the latter of which was a role previously held by his mother 225 226 In 2007 William and Harry organised the Concert for Diana in memory of their mother which benefitted the charities and patronages of Diana William and Harry 227 In October 2008 William and his brother embarked on the 1 000 mile eight day Enduro Africa motorbike ride across South Africa to raise money for Sentebale UNICEF and the Nelson Mandela Children s Fund 228 In 2010 he also became a patron of 100 Women in Hedge Funds Philanthropic Initiatives 229 William succeeded Lord Attenborough in 2010 as the fifth president of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts 230 In March 2011 William and Catherine set up a gift fund held by The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to allow well wishers to donate money to charities supporting the armed forces children the elderly art sport and conservation in lieu of gifts 231 The charity was later renamed The Royal Foundation 232 c William has spoken out for LGBT rights as part of his work against cyberbullying stating the importance of being proud of the person you are and discussing the effects of online abuse and discrimination 234 In 2016 he appeared in the July issue of Attitude and became the first member of the royal family to be featured on the cover of a gay magazine 235 He was recognised at the British LGBT Awards in May 2017 234 In March 2020 William appeared in a video for the National Emergencies Trust launching a fundraising appeal to help charities during the pandemic The appeal raised 11 million in its first week eventually totalling to 90 million with the money going out to front line charities and to the UK Community Foundations to be distributed among local community foundations 236 237 In April 2020 he officially became the patron of the organisation 238 In April 2020 he made a surprise appearance in The Big Night In a 20 April 2020 telethon held during the COVID 19 pandemic in a skit which he held a video call with Stephen Fry who revised his role as a descendant of Lord Melchett from the Blackadder series 239 In December 2020 William and his wife became joint patrons of NHS Charities Together 240 In February 2021 William visited a vaccination centre in King s Lynn and later encouraged use of the vaccine denouncing false information that could cause vaccine hesitancy 241 242 In May 2021 he got his first dose of COVID 19 vaccine by NHS staff at the Science Museum in London 243 In September 2021 it was reported that William had helped an Afghan officer who was a graduate of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and an assistant to the British troops be evacuated from the Kabul airport along with more than 10 members of his family amid the 2021 Taliban offensive 244 In March 2022 and amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine William and Catherine made a donation to help the refugees 245 In February 2023 they donated to the Disasters Emergency Committee DEC which was helping victims of the 2023 Turkey Syria earthquake 246 Conservation At a United for Wildlife Taskforce Meeting at Buckingham Palace 2017 Prince William became a patron of the Tusk Trust in December 2005 225 a charity that works towards conserving wildlife and initiating community development across Africa 247 248 He carried out his first official duty with the trust in launching a 5 000 mile 8 000 km bike ride across the African continent in 2008 249 Later William helped with launching the Tusk Conservation Awards which have been presented to selected environmental activists annually since 2013 250 In June 2010 William and his brother visited Botswana Lesotho and South Africa visiting projects relating to wildlife sport and young children 251 William has occasionally commented on the effects of overpopulation on the wildlife of Africa but his remarks have been criticised for not taking resource consumption and population density into consideration 252 In 2013 he succeeded his grandfather the Duke of Edinburgh as president of Fields in Trust 253 He established the United for Wildlife Transport Taskforce in December 2014 with the goal of reducing global illegal wildlife trade 254 After two years of research William launched the Earthshot Prize in October 2020 designed to provide funding and incentive for environmental solutions over the next decade The Prize is slated to be given every year from 2021 until 2030 to five winners each year in accordance with five categories detailing the restoration of nature air cleanliness ocean conservation waste free living and climate change 255 Following the launch William gave a TED Talk on environmental protection and conservation as part of the TED Countdown climate change initiative 256 Later that month William took over the patronages of Fauna and Flora International and the British Trust for Ornithology passed on from his grandparents 257 In the same month he appeared in an ITV documentary titled Prince William A Planet For Us All to discuss environmental issues 258 In early 2021 William made a private donation to the Thin Green Line Foundation which provides grants for the relatives of conservation park rangers that are killed every year while protecting wildlife 259 In July 2022 William condemned the murder of South African park ranger Anton Mzimba and asked for the responsible parties to be brought to justice 260 In August 2022 he voiced his support for the 63 month prison sentence given in the United States to a man responsible for trafficking rhinoceros horns and elephant ivory 261 He had previously called for harsher punishments and penalties for poachers and smugglers at the Illegal Wildlife Trade Conference in 2018 262 In 2014 Jane Goodall stated that William had expressed the view that all ivory in the royal collection needed to be destroyed 263 Mental health Since 2009 William has been the patron of Child Bereavement UK which provides support for children and families who have lost a loved one 264 In 2016 the Royal Foundation launched multiple mental health initiatives including Heads Together a campaign led by William Catherine and Prince Harry to de stigmatise mental health 265 Legacy programmes include Mental Health at Work launched in September 2018 to change the approach to workplace mental health in the UK as well as Heads Up launched in May 2019 in partnership with the Football Association utilising football to affect the conversation surrounding mental health in adults 266 267 Later that month the couple together with William s brother and sister in law launched Shout the UK s first 24 7 text messaging service for those who suffer from mental issues 268 William later volunteered on the crisis helpline during the COVID 19 lockdowns to provide support via text message 269 William attributes his interest in mental health to his experiences as an air ambulance pilot his work with the homeless veterans welfare and his wife s anti addiction advocacy 27 In late March 2020 William and Catherine began supporting a new mental health initiative by the Public Health England amidst the coronavirus pandemic 270 In April 2020 the couple announced Our Frontline an initiative providing mental health support to emergency medical workers 271 In September 2020 he established the Emergency Responders Senior Leaders Board commissioned by the foundation to research the mental health and wellbeing of emergency responders 272 The project is in partnership with King s College London and the Open University In May 2021 and 2022 William and Catherine voiced the Mental Health Minute message which was broadcast on every radio station in the UK on and asked people to help individuals around them that suffer from loneliness 273 274 In October 2022 and to mark the World Mental Health Day the couple took over Newsbeat and interviewed four guests on topics related to mental health 275 Homelessness In September 2005 William granted his patronage to Centrepoint a charity that assists the homeless 225 276 In December 2009 as part of a Centrepoint organised event the prince spent the night in a sleeping bag near the Blackfriars Bridge to raise awareness of the experiences of homeless youth 277 He opened their new facility Apprenticeship House in November 2019 to mark their 50 year anniversary 278 William has been patron of homelessness charity The Passage since 2019 after first visiting the centre in 1992 with his mother 279 In October 2020 he wrote the introduction to the organisation s 40th anniversary fundraising cookbook discussing the importance of helping victims of homelessness during the COVID 19 pandemic 280 In December 2020 William volunteered at the charity to help prepare donation bags for homeless residents in emergency hotel accommodations and spoke with residents about their experiences 281 In March 2022 he was spotted selling copies of The Big Issue on the streets copies of which are usually sold by homeless and unemployed people to collect money 282 Sport Playing polo at Sandhurst in 2007 William often plays polo to raise money for charity 283 He is a fan of football and supports the English club Aston Villa 284 He became president of England s Football Association in May 2006 and vice royal patron of the Welsh Rugby Union WRU in February 2007 supporting the Queen as patron 225 The same year the WRU s decision to name the Prince William Cup drew criticism as some believed it would have been more appropriate to name it after Ray Gravell 285 286 287 In December 2016 William became patron of the WRU 288 In December 2010 William and British prime minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice president Chung Mong joon at which Chung suggested a vote trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England The English delegation reported the suggestion to FIFA considering it a violation of anti collusion rules 289 290 In 2011 William as president of the English FA voted against Australia s 2022 FIFA bid and instead voted for South Korea despite being the country s future heir In 2020 he voted against the joint Australia New Zealand 2023 FIFA Women s World Cup bid and instead voted for Colombia 291 In February 2021 following an investigation into racism directed at Marcus Rashford William released a statement as president of the FA denouncing the racist abuse whether on the pitch in the stands or on social media as despicable and stating that we all have a responsibility to create an environment of tolerance and accountability 292 In April 2021 William criticised the planned breakaway competition The Super League adding that he share d the concerns of fans about the proposed Super League and the damage it risks causing to the game we love 293 In July 2021 he condemned racist attacks against England football players following their loss at the UEFA Euro 2020 finale 294 In May 2007 William became patron of the English Schools Swimming Association 225 In 2012 together with his wife Catherine and brother Prince Harry William launched Coach Core The program was set up following the 2012 Olympics and provides apprenticeship opportunities for people who desire to pursue a career as a professional coach 295 In May 2020 he appeared in a BBC One Documentary titled Football Prince William and Our Mental Health as a part of a campaign to promote men to discuss their mental issues using football as a common medium 296 Both William and his brother are enthusiastic motorcyclists William owns a Ducati 1198 S Corse 297 In May 2014 William like his father and paternal grandfather became president of the British Sub Aqua Club BSAC 298 He enthusiastically took part in a bandy event in Stockholm in January 2018 299 In November 2022 William was criticised by Welsh football followers and the Welsh actor Michael Sheen for holding the Prince of Wales title whilst having affiliations with England football particularly after he presented England jerseys to the squad in advance of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in which both Wales and England would be playing in the same Group B 300 Public imageWilliam is generally believed to be popular across Britain and has been known to be one of the most popular members of the British royal family since his birth 301 302 303 304 He has been particularly praised for his work in launching and running the Earthshot Prize along with David Attenborough 305 306 In April 2011 Time magazine listed him as one of the one of the most influential people in the world alongside his then newly wed spouse Catherine 307 In December 2022 he was found to be the most liked member of the royal family by statistics and polling company YouGov 308 Privacy and the mediaThe death of William s mother while being chased by the paparazzi in 1997 309 has since influenced his attitude towards the media 310 William and Catherine have often requested that when off duty their privacy should be respected 310 In 2005 William spoke with ITV reporter Tom Bradby and concluded it was likely that their voicemails were being accessed 311 An investigation under Deputy Assistant Commissioner Peter Clarke concluded that the compromised voice mail accounts belonged to Prince William s aides including Jamie Lowther Pinkerton 312 and not the prince himself 313 However Clive Goodman later stated that he had hacked William s phone on 35 occasions 314 William later sued News Group Newspapers the publisher of News of the World and The Sun which resulted in an out of court settlement in 2020 315 William and his brother Harry brought a claim privately through their mutual attorneys but Harry later pursued his case separately with a new solicitor 315 316 In 2005 and after his then girlfriend Catherine Middleton was chased by the paparazzi on her way to a job interview William consulted Middleton and her father and penned a legal letter to newspapers requesting that they respect her privacy 317 As media attention increased around the time of Middleton s 25th birthday in January 2007 he issued a public statement mentioning that the situation is proving unbearable for all those concerned 318 In October 2007 William issued a public statement via his press secretary complaining about the aggressive pursuit by photographers on motorcycles in vehicles and on foot while he and Middleton were leaving a London nightclub and later driving in his car 319 Following the statement Daily Mail Daily Mirror and Daily Express all decided against using the paparazzi photos of the couple but The Sun published photos taken before the couple s car had left 319 The statement prompted the Press Complaints Commission PCC to issue a warning asking editors not to publish photographs which were taken through harassment 319 In April 2009 William s lawyers obtained an apology from The Daily Star after the tabloid had claimed he had wrecked a 2m plane during pilot training 320 In September 2012 the French edition of Closer and Italian gossip magazine Chi published photographs of Catherine sun bathing topless while on holiday at the Chateau d Autet in Provence 310 Analysts from The Times believed the photographs were taken from the D22 Vaucluse road half a kilometre from the pool a distance that would require an 800 mm or a 1000 mm lens 321 On 17 September 2012 the Prince and Princess filed a criminal complaint with the French prosecution department and launched a claim for civil damages at the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Nanterre 322 The following day the courts granted an injunction against Closer prohibiting further publication of the photographs and announced a criminal investigation would be initiated 323 Under French law punitive damages cannot be awarded 324 but intrusions of privacy are a criminal offence 325 326 In September 2017 Closer was fined 100 000 and its editor Laurence Pieau and owner Ernesto Mauri were each fined 45 000 327 In October 2014 William and Catherine sent a legal letter to a freelance photographer who had put their son George and his nanny under surveillance asking the individual to stop harassing and following them 328 In August 2015 Kensington Palace published a letter detailing what it stated were the dangerous and invasive efforts of the media to get paparazzi pictures of Prince George and Princess Charlotte Jason Knauf communications secretary to the couple wrote the letter to media standards organisations in various countries 329 In November 2016 William issued a statement supporting his brother Harry and his then girlfriend Meghan Markle following their complaints about the press intrusion stating that he understands the situation concerning privacy and supports the need for Prince Harry to support those closest to him 330 In November 2018 and during a visit to the BBC studios in central London William publicly criticised the social media firms approach to handling misinformation and conspiracy and added Their self image is so grounded in their positive power for good that they seem unable to engage in constructive discussion about the social problems they are creating 331 In June 2022 a three minute video of William confronting Terry Harris a paparazzi photographer was posted to Harris s YouTube channel 332 It was recorded by Harris in January 2021 and shows William arguing with Harris as he attempts to film his family on a bike ride near Anmer Hall 333 Kensington Palace described the video as a breach of the family s privacy and asked for it to be removed from public websites 333 The couple s lawyers also contacted the photographer who claimed he was on public roads and had filmed the video after hearing about allegations that William and Catherine had broken the rule of six as they toured a public attraction at Sandringham while William s uncle and aunt then Earl and Countess of Wessex and their children happened to be in the same spot 332 Titles styles honours and armsMain article List of titles and honours of William Prince of Wales Titles and styles Royal monogram William has been a British prince since birth On his wedding day 29 April 2011 his grandmother Elizabeth II created him Duke of Cambridge Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus The letters patent granting these titles were issued on 26 May that year 334 335 As the eldest son of the monarch William automatically became Duke of Cornwall Duke of Rothesay Earl of Carrick Baron of Renfrew Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland on the accession of his father on 8 September 2022 336 337 On 9 September Charles announced the creation of William as Prince of Wales 210 the letters patent formally granting him this title and that of Earl of Chester were issued on 13 February 2023 338 The usage of the title Prince of Wales has been subject to some controversy over the past decades 211 Two forms of address are in current use In Scotland William is known by his highest Scottish title Duke of Rothesay and elsewhere by his highest British title Prince of Wales 339 Honours He is a Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter KG 340 a Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle KT 341 a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom PC 342 343 and a Personal Aide de Camp ADC to the sovereign 344 Arms Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales outside Scotland Notes The coat of arms of the Prince of Wales as used outside Scotland is the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with the addition a three pointed label For the arms of the Duke of Rothesay in Scotland see royal coat of arms of Scotland Adopted 8 September 2022 Crest Upon the royal helm the coronet of the Prince of Wales thereon a lion statant guardant Or crowned with the coronet of the Prince of Wales Escutcheon Quarterly first and fourth Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or armed and langed Azure second Or a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counterflory third Azure a harp Or stringed Argent Supporters Dexter a lion rampant guardant Or imperially crowned proper sinister a unicorn Argent armed crined and unguled Or gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patee and fleurs de lys a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or Orders The Order of the Garter ribbon HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE Shame be to him who thinks evil of it Other elements The whole differenced by a plain label of three points Argent as the eldest child of the sovereign Symbolism As with the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom The first and fourth quarters are the arms of England the second of Scotland the third of Ireland Previous versions Prince William was granted a personal coat of arms on his 18th birthday differenced by a white or silver label with three points the centre point bearing a red clam shell an escallop to distinguish it from the arms of other members of the Royal Family 345 The escallop seashell alludes to his late mother Diana Princess of Wales whose Spencer coat of arms includes three Escallops Argent Other versions In February 2013 the Queen approved the conjugal arms of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge consisting of their individual arms displayed side by side beneath a helm and coronet denoting the duke s status as grandson of the sovereign These were released in September of the same year 346 Banners flags and standards Main articles Royal Standard of the United Kingdom and Royal standards of Canada Feathers of the Prince of Wales As Prince of Wales The banners used by the Prince of Wales vary depending upon location His personal standard is the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom differenced as in his arms with a label of three points Argent and the escutcheon of the arms of the Principality of Wales in the centre It is used outside Wales Scotland Cornwall and Canada and throughout the entire United Kingdom when the prince is acting in an official capacity associated with the UK Armed Forces 347 The personal flag for use in Wales is based upon the Royal Badge of Wales the historic arms of the Kingdom of Gwynedd which consist of four quadrants the first and fourth with a red lion on a gold field and the second and third with a gold lion on a red field Superimposed is an escutcheon Vert bearing the single arched coronet of the Prince of Wales 347 In Scotland the personal banner used since 1974 is based upon three ancient Scottish titles Duke of Rothesay heir apparent to the King of Scots High Steward of Scotland and Lord of the Isles The flag is divided into four quadrants like the arms of the Chief of Clan Stewart of Appin the first and fourth quadrants comprise a gold field with a blue and silver checkered band in the centre the second and third quadrants display a black galley on a silver field The arms are differenced from those of Appin by the addition of an inescutcheon bearing the tressured lion rampant of Scotland defaced by a plain label of three points Azure to indicate the heir apparent 347 In Cornwall the banner is the arms of the Duke of Cornwall Sable 15 bezants Or that is a black field bearing 15 gold coins 347 In Canada a personal heraldic banner for the Prince of Wales was first issued in 2011 consisting of the shield of the Arms of Canada defaced with both a blue roundel of the Prince of Wales s feathers surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves and a white label of three points 348 Banner of arms Standard for Wales Royal Standard as Duke of Rothesay Personal Banner for Scotland Banner of arms for the Duke of Cornwall Canadian standard for the Prince of WalesFormer standards Prior to the accession of his father William used a banner derived from his arms for use outside of Scotland and Canada There was a variation of this used when in Scotland In 2011 the Canadian Heraldic Authority introduced a personal heraldic flag for the Duke of Cambridge s use in Canada It is the Royal Arms of Canada in banner form defaced with a blue roundel surrounded with a wreath of gold maple leaves and shells within which is a depiction of a W surmounted by a coronet Above the roundel is a white label of three points charged with a red shell 349 350 351 Standard for the Duke of Cambridge Standard for the Earl of Strathearn Former Canadian personal Standard for Prince WilliamAncestryWilliam s ancestry is royal and aristocratic Patrilineally he is a member of the House of Windsor and also descends from the House of Oldenburg one of Europe s oldest royal houses More specifically he descends from the cadet branch known as the House of Glucksburg 352 Through his mother William descends from the Earls Spencer a cadet branch of the Spencer family descended from the Earls of Sunderland the senior branch are now also Dukes of Marlborough the Barons Fermoy and more anciently from Henry FitzRoy 1st Duke of Grafton and Charles Lennox 1st Duke of Richmond two illegitimate sons of King Charles II As the monarch William would be the first monarch since the death of Anne in 1714 to undisputedly descend from Charles I and the first to descend from Charles II 353 William descends matrilineally from Eliza Kewark a housekeeper for his eighteenth century ancestor Theodore Forbes a Scottish merchant who worked for the East India Company in Surat She is variously described in contemporary documents as a dark skinned native woman an Armenian woman from Bombay and Mrs Forbesian 353 Genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner assumed Kewark was Armenian 354 In June 2013 BritainsDNA announced that genealogical DNA tests on two of William s distant matrilineal cousins confirm Kewark was matrilineally of Indian descent 355 356 357 358 Ancestors of William Prince of Wales 359 360 8 Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark4 Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark9 Princess Alice of Battenberg2 Charles III of the United Kingdom10 George VI of the United Kingdom5 Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom11 Lady Elizabeth Bowes Lyon1 William Prince of Wales12 Albert Spencer 7th Earl Spencer6 John Spencer 8th Earl Spencer13 Lady Cynthia Hamilton3 Lady Diana Spencer14 Maurice Roche 4th Baron Fermoy7 The Honourable Frances Roche15 Ruth GillBibliographyBooks HRH Prince William Duke of Cambridge Preface in Hurd Douglas 2015 Elizabeth II The Steadfast Allen Lane ISBN 978 0 1419794 10 HRH Prince William Introduction in Butfield Colin Hughes Jonnie 2021 Earthshot How to Save Our Planet John Murray ISBN 978 1 5293886 26 HRH The Duke of Cambridge Foreword in Martell Peter 2022 Flowers for Elephants How a Conservation Movement in Kenya Offers Lessons for Us All C Hurst Publishers Limited ISBN 978 1 7873869 38 HRH The Duke of Cambridge Foreword in GCHQ 2022 Puzzles for Spies ISBN 978 0 2415799 09 Authored letters and articles The Duke of Cambridge 7 September 2020 An open letter written by The Duke of Cambridge to mark Air Ambulance Week 2020 The Royal Family Prince William Bloomberg Michael 28 September 2021 We re in a race to save Earth from climate change USA Today The Duke of Cambridge 20 June 2022 Prince William Why I wanted to work with The Big Issue The Big Issue See alsoRoyal William a German red rose named after Prince William shortly after his birth List of covers of Time magazine 1990s 2010s Footnotes As a member of the Royal Family entitled to be called His Royal Highness William does not normally use a surname He has used both Mountbatten Windsor 1 and at university and in his military career Wales 2 The middle name Louis is pronounced ˈ l uː i William had six godparents former King Constantine II of Greece his paternal second cousin once removed Princess Alexandra The Honourable Mrs Ogilvy his paternal first cousin twice removed the Duchess of Westminster Lady Susan Hussey Lord Romsey his paternal second cousin once removed and Sir Laurens van der Post 8 It was previously known 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