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Eton College

March 20, 2023

Eton College (/ˈiːtən/)[3] is a public school in Eton, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1440 by Henry VI under the name Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore,[4][5] making it the 18th-oldest school in the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC). Originally intended as a sister institution to King's College, Cambridge, Eton is particularly well-known for its history, wealth, and notable alumni (Old Etonians).[6]

Eton College
Aerial view of Eton College from the north
Location
Eton, Berkshire, England
,
SL4 6DW
Coordinates51°29′31″N 0°36′29″W / 51.492°N 0.608°W / 51.492; -0.608Coordinates: 51°29′31″N 0°36′29″W / 51.492°N 0.608°W / 51.492; -0.608
Information
TypePublic school
Private boarding school
MottoLatin: Floreat Etona
(May Eton Flourish)
Religious affiliation(s)Church of England
Established1440; 583 years ago (1440)
FounderHenry VI
Local authorityWindsor and Maidenhead
Department for Education URN110158 Tables
ProvostThe Lord Waldegrave of North Hill
Head MasterSimon Henderson
GenderBoys
Age range13–18
Enrolment1,311 (2020)[1]
Capacity1,390[1]
Student to teacher ratio8:1
Area1600 acres (647 hectares)
Houses25
Colour(s)Eton blue  
SongCarmen Etonense
PublicationThe Chronicle
School fees£46,296 per year[2]
US$55,875 per year
Affiliations
AlumniOld Etonians
Websitewww.etoncollege.com
"Eton College, registered charity no. 1139086". Charity Commission for England and Wales.

Eton is one of only three public schools—along with Harrow (1572) and Radley (1847)—to have retained the boys-only, boarding-only tradition, which means that its boys live at the school seven days a week. The remainder (such as Rugby in 1976, Charterhouse in 1971, Westminster in 1973,[7] and Shrewsbury in 2015) have since become co-educational or, in the case of Winchester,[8] as of 2021 are undergoing the transition to that status. Eton has educated prime ministers, world leaders, Nobel laureates, Academy Award and BAFTA award-winning actors, and generations of the aristocracy, having been referred to as "the nurse of England's statesmen".[9]

The school is the largest boarding school in England ahead of Millfield and Oundle.[10] Eton charges up to £46,296 per year (£15,432 per term, with three terms per academic year, for 2022/23).[11] Eton was noted as being the sixth most expensive HMC boarding school in the UK in 2013–14;[12] however, the school admits some boys with modest parental income:[13] in 2011 it was reported that around 250 boys received "significant" financial help from the school,[14] with the figure rising to 263 pupils in 2014, receiving the equivalent of around 60% of school fee assistance, whilst a further 63 received their education free of charge. Eton has also announced plans to increase the figure to around 320 pupils, with 70 educated free of charge, with the intention that the number of pupils receiving financial assistance from the school continues to increase.[13]

History

 
Stanberry Window (1923) in Hereford Cathedral, showing Bishop John Stanberry advising King Henry VI on the founding of Eton College
 
Statue of the founder, Henry VI, in School Yard
 
Eton College in 1690, in an engraving by David Loggan

Eton College was founded by King Henry VI as a charity school to provide free education to 70 poor boys who would then go on to King's College, Cambridge, founded by the same King in 1441. Henry took Winchester College as his model, visiting on many occasions, borrowing its statutes and removing its headmaster and some of the scholars to start his new school.

When Henry VI founded the school, he granted it a large number of endowments, including much valuable land. The group of feoffees appointed by the king to receive forfeited lands of the Alien Priories for the endowment of Eton were as follows:[15]

It was intended to have formidable buildings (Henry intended the nave of the College Chapel to be the longest in Europe) and several religious relics, supposedly including a part of the True Cross and the Crown of Thorns.[17] He persuaded the then Pope, Eugene IV, to grant him a privilege unparalleled anywhere in England: the right to grant indulgences to penitents on the Feast of the Assumption. The college also came into possession of one of England's Apocalypse manuscripts.

However, when Henry was deposed by King Edward IV in 1461, the new King annulled all grants to the school and removed most of its assets and treasures to St George's Chapel, Windsor, on the other side of the River Thames. Legend has it that Edward's mistress, Jane Shore, intervened on the school's behalf. She was able to save a good part of the school,[18] although the royal bequest and the number of staff were much reduced.

Construction of the chapel, originally intended to be slightly over twice as long,[19] with 18, or possibly 17, bays (there are eight today) was stopped when Henry VI was deposed. Only the Quire of the intended building was completed. Eton's first Headmaster, William Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College, Oxford and previously Head Master of Winchester College,[20] built the ante-chapel that completed the chapel. The important wall paintings in the chapel and the brick north range of the present School Yard also date from the 1480s; the lower storeys of the cloister, including College Hall, were built between 1441 and 1460.[21]

As the school suffered reduced income while still under construction, the completion and further development of the school has since depended to some extent on wealthy benefactors. Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost, around 1517. His name is borne by the big gatehouse in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard, perhaps the most famous image of the school. This range includes the important interiors of the Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber, where most of the 18th century "leaving portraits" are kept.

"After Lupton's time, nothing important was built until about 1670, when Provost Allestree gave a range to close the west side of School Yard between Lower School and Chapel".[22] This was remodelled later and completed in 1694 by Matthew Bankes, Master Carpenter of the Royal Works. The last important addition to the central college buildings was the College Library, in the south range of the cloister, 1725–29, by Thomas Rowland. It has a very important collection of books and manuscripts.

19th century onwards

The Duke of Wellington is often incorrectly quoted as saying that "The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton."[23] Wellington was at Eton from 1781 to 1784 and was to send his sons there. According to Nevill (citing the historian Sir Edward Creasy), what Wellington said, while passing an Eton cricket match many decades later, was, "There grows the stuff that won Waterloo",[24] a remark Nevill construes as a reference to "the manly character induced by games and sport" among English youth generally, not a comment about Eton specifically. In 1889, Sir William Fraser conflated this uncorroborated remark with the one attributed to him by Count Charles de Montalembert's C'est ici qu'a été gagné la bataille de Waterloo ("It is here that the Battle of Waterloo was won").

The architect John Shaw Jr (1803–1870) became surveyor to Eton. He designed New Buildings (1844–46),[25] Provost Francis Hodgson's addition to providing better accommodation for collegers, who until then had mostly lived in Long Chamber, a long first-floor room where conditions were inhumane.[26]

Following complaints about the finances, buildings and management of Eton, the Clarendon Commission was set up in 1861 as a royal commission to investigate the state of nine schools in England, including Eton.[27] Questioned by the commission in 1862, headmaster Edward Balston came under attack for his view that in the classroom little time could be spared for subjects other than classical studies.[28]

 
An Eton College classroom in the 19th century

As with other public schools,[29] a scheme was devised towards the end of the 19th century to familiarise privileged schoolboys with social conditions in deprived areas.[30] The project of establishing an "Eton Mission" in the crowded district of Hackney Wick in east London was started at the beginning of 1880, and it lasted until 1971 when it was decided that a more local project (at Dorney) would be more realistic. However over the years much money was raised for the Eton Mission, a fine church by G. F. Bodley was erected; many Etonians visited and stimulated among other things the Eton Manor Boys' Club, a notable rowing club which has survived the Mission itself, and the 59 Club for motorcyclists.

 
Pupils at Eton College dressed as members of various rowing crews taking part in the "Procession of Boats" on the River Thames during the "Fourth of June" celebrations 1932

The very large and ornate School Hall and School Library (by L. K. Hall) were erected in 1906–08 across the road from Upper School as the school's memorial to the Etonians who had died in the Boer War. Many tablets in the cloisters and chapel commemorate the large number of dead Etonians of the First World War. A bomb destroyed part of Upper School in World War II and blew out many windows in the chapel. The college commissioned replacements by Evie Hone (1949–52) and by John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens (1959 onward).

Among headmasters of the 20th century were Cyril Alington, Robert Birley and Anthony Chenevix-Trench. M. R. James was a provost.

In 1959, the college constructed a nuclear bunker to house the college's provost and fellows. The facility is now used for storage.[31]

In 1969 Dillibe Onyeama became the first black person to obtain his school-leaving certificate from Eton. Three years later Onyeama was banned from visiting Eton after he published a book which described the racism that he experienced during his time at the school.[32] Simon Henderson, current headmaster of Eton, apologised to Onyeama for the treatment he endured during his time at the school, although Onyeama did not think the apology was necessary.[33]

In 2005, the school was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools found to have breached the Competition Act 1998 (see Eton College controversies).

In 2011, plans to attack Eton College were found on the body of a senior al-Qaeda leader shot dead in Somalia.[34]

Coat of arms

 
Arms of Eton College: Sable, three lily-flowers argent on a chief per pale azure and gules in the dexter a fleur-de-lys in the sinister a lion passant guardant or

The coat of arms of Eton College was granted in 1449 by the founder King Henry VI, as recorded as follows on the original charter, attested by the Great Seal of England and preserved in the College archives:[35]

On a field sable three lily-flowers argent, intending that Our newly-founded College, lasting for ages to come, whose perpetuity We wish to be signified by the stability of the sable colour, shall bring forth the brightest flowers redolent of every kind of knowledge; to which also, that We may impart something of royal nobility which may declare the work truly royal and illustrious, We have resolved that that portion of the arms which by royal right belong to Us in the Kingdoms of France and England be placed on the chief of the shield, per pale azure with a flower of the French, and gules with a leopard passant or.

Thus the blazon is: Sable, three lily-flowers argent on a chief per pale azure and gules in the dexter a fleur-de-lys in the sinister a lion passant guardant or. Although the charter specifies that the lily-flowers relate to the founder's hope for a flourishing of knowledge, that flower is also a symbol for the Virgin Mary, in whose honour the college was founded, with the number of three having significance to the Blessed Trinity. The motto of the college is Floreat Etona ("may Eton flourish"). The grant of arms to King's College, Cambridge, is worded identically, but with roses instead of lily-flowers.[35]

Overview

 
Eton College

The school is headed by a provost, a vice-provost and a board of governors (known as fellows) who appoint the headmaster.

Governance and management

As of 2022 the school governors[36] include:

Statute VII of the College provides that the board shall be populated as follows[36]

The school contains 25 boys' houses, each headed by a housemaster, selected from the more senior members of the teaching staff, which numbers some 155.[37] Almost all of the school's pupils go on to universities, about a third of them to University of Oxford or University of Cambridge.[38][39]

The headmaster is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the school is a member of the Eton Group of independent schools in the United Kingdom. The school appointed its first female Lower Master (deputy head), Susan Wijeratna, in 2017.[40]

Eton has a long list of distinguished former pupils. In 2019, Boris Johnson became the 20th British prime minister to have attended the school,[41] and the fifth since the end of the Second World War.[42] Previous Conservative leader David Cameron was the 19th British prime minister to have attended the school,[43][44] and recommended that Eton set up a school in the state sector to help drive up standards.[45]

Fame

Eton has been described as the most famous public school in the world,[46] and has been referred to as "the chief nurse of England's statesmen".[47]

Eton has educated generations of British and foreign aristocracy, and for the first time, members of the British royal family in direct line of succession: the Prince of Wales and his brother the Duke of Sussex, in contrast to the royal tradition of male education at either naval college or Gordonstoun, or by tutors.

The Good Schools Guide called the school "the number one boys' public school", adding that "The teaching and facilities are second to none."[48] The school is a member of the G30 Schools Group.

Eton today is a larger school than it has been for much of its history. In 1678, there were 207 boys. In the late 18th century, there were about 300, while today, the total has risen to over 1,300.[49][50]

 
Eton College, Provost's Garden

Financial support

About 20% of pupils at Eton receive financial support, through a range of bursaries and scholarships.[51] A recent Head Master, Tony Little, said that Eton was developing plans to allow any boy to attend the school whatever his parents' income and, in 2011, said that around 250 boys received "significant" financial help from the school.[14] In early 2014, this figure had risen to 263 pupils receiving the equivalent of around 60% of school fee assistance, whilst a further 63 received their education free of charge. Little said that, in the short term, he wanted to ensure that around 320 pupils per year receive bursaries and that 70 were educated free of charge, with the intention that the number of pupils receiving financial assistance would continue to increase.[13]

Changes to the school

Registration at birth, corporal punishment, and fagging are no longer practised at Eton.[52][53][54] Academic standards were raised, and by the mid-1990s Eton ranked among Britain's top three schools in getting its pupils into Oxford and Cambridge.[55]

The proportion of boys at the school who were sons of Old Etonians fell from 60% in 1960 to 20% in 2016. This has been attributed to a number of factors, including the dissolution of the house lists, which allowed Old Etonians to register their sons at birth, in 1990, harder entrance examinations as the emphasis on academic attainment increased, a sharp rise in school fees increasingly beyond the means of many UK families, and increased applications from international, often very wealthy, families.[56]

School terms

There are three academic terms[57] (known as halves)[58] in the year:

  • The Michaelmas Half, from early September to mid-December. New boys are now admitted only at the start of the Michaelmas Half, unless in exceptional circumstances.
  • The Lent Half, from mid-January to late March.
  • The Summer Half, from late April to late June or early July.

They are called halves because the school year was once split into two halves, between which the boys went home.

Boys' houses

King's Scholars

Main article: King's Scholar

One boarding house, College, is reserved for 70 King's Scholars,[59] who attend Eton on scholarships provided by the original foundation and awarded by examination each year; King's Scholars pay up to 90 per cent of full fees, depending on their means. Of the other pupils, up to a third receive some kind of bursary or scholarship. The name 'King's Scholars' refers to the foundation of the school by King Henry VI in 1440. The original school consisted of the 70 Scholars (together with some Commensals) and the Scholars were educated and boarded at the foundation's expense.

King's Scholars are entitled to use the letters 'KS' after their name and they can be identified by a black gown worn over the top of their tailcoats, giving them the nickname 'tugs' (Latin: togati, wearers of gowns); and occasionally by a surplice in Chapel. The house is looked after by the Master in College. Having succeeded in the examination, they include many of the most academically gifted boys in the school.

Oppidans

As the school grew, more students were allowed to attend provided that they paid their own fees and lived in boarding-houses within the town of Eton, outside the college's original buildings. These students became known as Oppidans, from the Latin word oppidum, meaning "town".[60] The houses developed over time as a means of providing residence for the Oppidans in a more congenial manner, and during the 18th and 19th centuries the housemasters started to rely more for administrative purposes on a senior female member of staff, known as a "dame", who became responsible for the physical welfare of the boys. (Some houses had previously been run by dames without a housemaster.) Each house typically contains about 50 boys. Although classes are organised on a school basis, most boys spend a large proportion of their time in their house.

Not all boys who pass the college election examination choose to become King's Scholars, which involves living in "College" with its own ancient traditions, wearing a gown, and therefore a degree of separation from the other boys. If they choose instead to belong to one of the 24 Oppidan houses, they are known as Oppidan Scholars.[61] Oppidan scholarships may also be awarded for consistently performing with distinction in school and external examinations. To gain an Oppidan Scholarship, a boy must have either three distinctions in a row or four throughout his career. Within the school, an Oppidan Scholar is entitled to use the post-nominal letters OS.

Each Oppidan house is usually referred to by the initials (forenames and surname) of its current housemaster, a senior teacher ("beak"), or more formally by his surname alone, not by the name of the building in which it is situated. Houses occasionally swap buildings according to the seniority of the housemaster and the physical desirability of the building. The names of buildings occupied by houses are used for few purposes other than a correspondence address. They are: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's (both built as such c. 1720),[62] Hawtrey House, Durnford House (the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845,[62] when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans's, Keate House, Warre House, Villiers House, Common Lane House, Penn House, Walpole House, Cotton Hall, Wotton House, Holland House, Mustians, Angelo's, Manor House, Farrer House, Baldwin's Bec, The Timbralls, and Westbury.

House structure

 
Front of Eton College

In addition to the house master, each house has a house captain and a house captain of games. Some houses have more than one. House prefects were once elected from the oldest year, but this no longer happens. The old term "Library" survives in the name of the room set aside for the oldest year's use, where boys have their own kitchen. Similarly, boys in their penultimate year have a room known as "Debate".

There are entire house gatherings every evening, usually around 8:05–8:30 p.m. These are known as "Prayers", due to their original nature. The house master and boys have an opportunity to make announcements, and sometimes the boys provide light entertainment.

For much of Eton's history, junior boys had to act as "fags", or servants, to older boys. Their duties included cleaning, cooking, and running errands. A Library member was entitled to yell at any time and without notice, "Boy, Up!" or "Boy, Queue!", and all first-year boys had to come running. The last boy to arrive was given the task. These practices, known as fagging, were partially phased out of most houses in the 1970s. Captains of house and games still sometimes give tasks to first-year boys, such as collecting the mail from the school office.[63]

There are many inter-house competitions, mostly in sports.

Head Masters: 1442–present

Main article: List of Head Masters of Eton College

Uniform

 
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, in 1914 dress of a junior Eton pupil, wearing a top hat, neck-tie and "bum-freezer", none of which are now worn

The School is known for its traditions, including a uniform of black tailcoat (or morning coat) and black waistcoat, a starched stiff collar and black pinstriped trousers. Most pupils wear a white "tie" which is a narrow strip of cloth folded over the joint of the collar to hide the collar stud, but some senior boys are entitled to wear a white bow tie and winged collar ("Stick-Ups"). There are some variations in the school dress worn by boys in authority, see School Prefects and King's Scholars sections.

The long-standing belief that the present uniform was first worn as mourning for the death of King George III in 1820[64] is unfounded. In 1862 headmaster Edward Balston, in an interview with the Clarendon Commission, noted little in the way of uniform.

Lord Clarendon: One more question, which bears in some degree upon other schools, namely with regard to the dress. The boys do not wear any particular dress at Eton?

Edward Balston: No, with the exception that they are obliged to wear a white neckcloth.

Lord Clarendon: Is the colour of their clothes much restricted?

Edward Balston: We would not let them wear for instance a yellow coat or any other colour very much out of the way.

Lord Clarendon: If they do not adopt anything very extravagant either with respect to colour or cut you allow them to follow their own taste with respect to the choice of their clothes?

Edward Balston: Yes.

Lord Lyttelton: They must wear the common round hat?

Edward Balston: Yes.[65]

 
The 17th Duke of Alba in late 1800s Eton dress, seen here with a mess jacket

The uniform worn today was gradually adopted and standardised towards the end of the nineteenth century.[66] Until 1967, boys under the height of 5 ft 4 in (163 cm) wore a cropped jacket (known as an Eton jacket, mess jacket, or "bum-freezer") instead of a tailcoat.[67]

Tutors and teaching

Teachers are known unofficially as "beaks". The pupil to teacher ratio is 8:1,[68] which is extremely low by typical UK school standards. Class sizes start at around twenty to twenty-five in the first year and are often below ten by the final year.

The original curriculum concentrated on prayers, Latin and devotion, and "as late as 1530 no Greek was taught".[69]

Later the emphasis was on classical studies, dominated by Latin and Ancient History, and, for boys with sufficient ability, Classical Greek. From the latter part of the 19th century this curriculum has changed and broadened:[70] for example, there are now more than 100 students of Chinese, which is a non-curriculum course.[71] In the 1970s, there was just one school computer, in a small room attached to the science buildings. It used punched tape to store programs. Today, all boys must have laptop computers, and the school fibre-optic network connects all classrooms and all boys' bedrooms to the internet.[72]

The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor.[73] Classes, formally known as "divisions" ("divs"), are organised on a School basis; the classrooms are separate from the houses. New blocks of classrooms have appeared every decade or so since New Schools, designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861–63.[74] Despite the introduction of modern technology, the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time. The oldest classroom still in use, "Lower School", dates from the 15th century.

Every evening, about an hour and a quarter, known as Quiet Hour, is set aside, during which boys are expected to study or prepare work for their teachers if not otherwise engaged.[75] Some Houses, at the discretion of the House Master, may observe a second Quiet Hour after prayers in the evening. This is less formal, with boys being allowed to visit each other's rooms to socialise if neither boy has work outstanding.

The Independent Schools Inspectorate's report for 2016 says, "The achievement of pupils is exceptional. Progress and abilities of all pupils are at a high level. Pupils are highly successful in public examinations, and the record of entrance to universities with demanding entry requirements in the United Kingdom and overseas is strong."[76]

In 2017, a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) schools skills ranking table, designed to show employability, showed the school performed disproportionally badly, falling to 109th place and behind many state schools. Edwina Dunn, the chairwoman of the company producing the report, called for schools to be reassessed based on how suitable pupils are for businesses in the post-Brexit world.[77]

School magazines

The Chronicle is the official school magazine, having been founded in 1863.[78] It is edited by boys at the school. Although liable to censorship, it has a tradition of satirising and attacking school policies, as well as documenting recent events. The Oppidan, founded in 1828,[78] was published once a half; it covered all sport in Eton and some professional events as well, but no longer exists. The Junior Chronicle is the official school magazine of Lower Boys (pupils in their first two years at Eton) and it written, edited and designed solely by them.

Other school magazines, including The Academic Yearbook, The Arts Review, and The Eton Zeitgeist have been published, as well as publications produced by individual departments such as The 1440 Review[79] (history), The Axiom (mathematics), Scientific Etonian (science), The Ampersand (English), Biopsy (Medicine) and The Lexicon (modern languages).

Societies

At Eton, there are many organisations known as 'societies', in many of which pupils come together to discuss a particular topic or to listen to a lecture, presided over by a senior pupil, and often including a guest speaker.[80] At any one time there are about fifty societies and clubs in existence, catering for a wide range of interests and largely run by boys.

Societies tend to come and go, depending on the special enthusiasms of the masters and boys in the school at the time, but some have been in existence for many years. Those in existence at present include: Aeronautical, African, Alexander Cozens (Art), Amnesty, Archeological, Architectural, Astronomy, Balfour, Banks (conservation), Caledonian, Cheese, Classical, Comedy, Cosmopolitan, Debating, Design, Entrepreneurship, Francophone, Geographical, Geopolitical, Global, Henry Fielding, Hispanic, History, Keynes (economics), Law, Literary, Mathematical, Medical, Middle Eastern, Model United Nations, Modern Languages, Oriental, Orwell (left-wing), Simeon (Christian), Parry (music), Photographic, Political, Praed (poetry), Rock (music), Rous (equestrian), Salisbury (formerly diplomatic, now colonial history), Savile (Rare Books and Manuscripts), Shelley, Scientific, Sports, Tech Club, Theatre, Wellington (military), Wine and Wotton's (philosophy).

Among past guest speakers are Rowan Atkinson,[citation needed] Jeremy Burge,[81] Ralph Fiennes, King Constantine II of Greece, Kit Hesketh-Harvey,[82] Anthony Horowitz,[83] John Major,[84] Boris Johnson, Ian McKellen,[85] J. K. Rowling, Katie Price, Kevin Warwick,[86] Andrew Lloyd Webber,[87] Vivienne Westwood,[88] Terry Wogan[89] and Alan Yau.[90]

Grants and prizes

Prizes are awarded on the results of trials (internal exams), GCSE and AS-levels. In addition, many subjects and activities have specially endowed prizes, several of which are awarded by visiting experts. The most prestigious is the Newcastle Scholarship, awarded on the strength of an examination, consisting of two papers in philosophical theology, moral theory and applied ethics. The second most prestigious is the Rosebery Prize for History – this is awarded on the same day as the Newcastle Scholarship, and follows a similar format of a 3-hour exam during the Lent Half (although the Newcastle Scholarship is awarded on the basis of two such examinations). Also of note is the Gladstone Memorial Prize and the Coutts Prize, awarded on the results of trials and AS-level examinations in C block (Year 12); and the Huxley Prize, awarded for a project on a scientific subject. Other specialist prizes include the Newcastle Classical Prize, which was formerly the same prize as the Newcastle Scholarship, but the two were separated as a decreasing number of philosophers were fluent in Latin and Classical Greek; the Queen's Prizes for French and German; the Duke of Newcastle's Russian Prize; the Beddington Spanish Prize; the Strafford and Bowman Shakespeare Prizes; the Tomline and Russell Prizes in Mathematics; the Sotheby Prize for History of Art; the Waddington Prize for Theology and Philosophy; the Birley Prize for History; the Rorie Mackenzie Prize for Modern Languages; the Robert Boyle Prize for Physics. The Lower Boy Rosebery Prize; the Wilder Prize for Theology and The Hervey Verse Prize for poetry in senior years. Prizes are awarded too for excellence in such activities as painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical composition, declamation, silverwork, and design.

Various benefactions make it possible to give grants each year to boys who wish, for educational or cultural reasons, to work or travel abroad. These include the Busk Fund, which supports individual ventures that show particular initiative; the C. M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund, for the promotion of visits to classical lands; the Sadler Fund, which supports, among others, those intending to enter the Foreign Service; and the Marsden Fund, for travel in countries where the principal language is not English.

Incentives and sanctions

Eton has a well-established system for encouraging boys to produce high-standard work. An excellent piece of work may be rewarded with a "Show Up", to be shown to the boy's tutors as evidence of progress.[91] If, in any particular term, a pupil makes a particularly good effort in any subject, he may be "Commended for Good Effort" to the Head Master (or Lower Master).

If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work, it may be "Sent Up For Good",[91] storing the effort in the College Archives for posterity. This award has been around since the 18th century. As Sending Up For Good is fairly infrequent, the process is rather mysterious to many of Eton's boys. First, the master wishing to Send Up For Good must gain the permission of the relevant Head of Department. Upon receiving his or her approval, the piece of work will be marked with Sent Up For Good and the student will receive a card to be signed by House Master, tutor and division master.

The opposite of a Show Up is a "Rip".[92] This is for sub-standard work, which is sometimes torn at the top of the page/sheet and must be submitted to the boy's housemaster for signature. Boys who accumulate rips are liable to be given a "White Ticket", a form of a progress report which must be signed at intervals by all his teachers and may be accompanied by other punishments, usually involving doing domestic chores or writing lines. In recent times,[when?] a milder form of the rip, 'sign for information', colloquially known as an "info", has been introduced, which must also be signed by the boy's housemaster and tutor.

Internal examinations are held at the end of the Michaelmas half (i.e. autumn term) for all pupils, and in the Summer half for those in the first, second and fourth years (i.e. those not taking a full set of public examinations). These internal examinations are called "Trials".[93]

A boy who is late for any division or other appointments may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7:35 am and 7:45 am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days).[94] Tardy Book may also be issued for late work. For more serious misdeeds, a boy is placed "on the Bill", which involves him being summoned by the sudden entry of a prefect into one of his divisions, who announces in a loud and formal tone that at a given time a certain pupil must attend the office of the Head Master, or Lower Master if the boy is in the lower two years, to talk personally about his misdeeds.[95] The most serious misdeeds may result in expulsion, or rustication (suspension) or in former times, beating. Conversely, should a master be more than 15 minutes late for a class, traditionally the pupils may claim it as a "run" and absent themselves for the rest of its duration, provided they report their intention so to do at the school office.

A traditional punishment took the form of being made to copy, by hand, Latin hexameters. Offenders were frequently set 100 hexameters by Library members, or, for more serious offences, Georgics (more than 500 hexameters) by their House Masters or the Head Master.[96] The giving of a Georgic is now extremely rare, but still occasionally occurs.

Corporal punishment

Eton used to be renowned for its use of corporal punishment, generally known as "beating". In the 16th century, Friday was set aside as "flogging day".[97] A special wooden birching block was used for the purpose, with the boy being directed to fetch it and then kneel over it.

John Keate, Head Master from 1809 to 1834, took over at a time when discipline was poor. Until 1964, offending boys could be summoned to the Head Master or the Lower Master, as appropriate, to receive a birching on the bare posterior, in a semi-public ceremony held in the Library, where there was a special wooden birching block over which the offender was held. Anthony Chenevix-Trench, Head Master from 1964 to 1970, abolished the birch and replaced it with caning, also applied to the bare buttocks, which he administered privately in his office.[98] Chenevix-Trench also abolished corporal punishment administered by senior boys. Previously, House Captains were permitted to cane offenders over the seat of the trousers. This was a routine occurrence, carried out privately with the boy bending over with his head under the edge of a table. Less common but more severe were the canings administered by Pop (see Eton Society below) in the form of a "Pop-Tanning", in which a large number of hard strokes were inflicted by the President of Pop in the presence of all Pop members (or, in earlier times, each member of Pop took it in turns to inflict a stroke). The culprit was summoned to appear in a pair of old trousers, as the caning would cut the cloth to shreds. This was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton.[99]

Chenevix-Trench's successor from 1970, Michael McCrum, retained private corporal punishment by masters but ended the practice of requiring boys to take their trousers and underpants down when bending over to be caned by the Head Master. By the mid-1970s, the only people allowed to administer caning were the Head Master and the Lower Master.[100]

Corporal punishment was phased out in the 1980s. The film director Sebastian Doggart claims to have been the last boy caned at Eton, in 1984.[101]

Prefects

In addition to the masters, the following three categories of senior boys are entitled to exercise School discipline. Boys who belong to any of these categories, in addition to a limited number of other boy office holders, are entitled to wear winged collars with bow ties.

  • Pop: officially known as 'Eton Society',[102] a society comprising the most popular, well-regarded, confident and able senior boys. It is a driving ambition of many capable Eton schoolboys to be elected to Pop, and many high-performers who are refused entry to this society consider their careers at Eton a failure. Boris Johnson was a member of Pop, whilst David Cameron (unlike his elder brother Alexander) failed to be elected, which possibly fed their later political rivalry.[103] Over the years its power and privileges have grown. Pop is the oldest self-electing society at Eton. The rules were altered in 1987 and again in 2005 so that the new intake are not elected solely by the existing year and a committee of masters. Members of Pop wear white and black houndstooth-checked trousers, a starched stick-up collar and white bow-tie, and are entitled to wear flamboyant waistcoats, often of their own design. Historically, only members of Pop were entitled to furl their umbrellas[104] or sit on the wall on the Long Walk, in front of the main building. However, these traditions have died out. They perform roles at many of the routine events of the school year, including school plays, parents' evenings and other official events, and generally maintain order. Notable ex-members of Pop include the Prince of Wales (unlike his younger brother the Duke of Sussex, who failed to be elected[105]), Eddie Redmayne, and Tom Hiddleston.
  • Sixth Form Select: an academically selected prefectorial group consisting, by custom, of the 10 senior King's Scholars and the 10 senior Oppidan Scholars.[106] Members of Sixth Form Select are entitled to wear silver buttons on their waistcoats. They also act as Praepostors: they enter classrooms in mid-lesson without knocking and ask in a loud and formal tone, "Is (family name) in this division?" followed by "He is to see the Head Master at (time) on the bill" (the Bill, see above).[95] Members of Sixth Form Select also perform "Speeches", a formal event held five times a year.
  • House Captains: The captains of each of the 25 boys' houses (see above). There are usually either one or two per house. They have little responsibility at a school level, but within their house are more senior than Pop or Sixth Form Select members. House Captains are entitled to wear a mottled-grey waistcoat.

It is possible to belong to Pop and Sixth Form Select at the same time. It is less common for a House Captain to belong to Pop but it still happens fairly often.

In the era of Queen Elizabeth I there were two praepostors in every form, who noted down the names of absentees. Until the late 19th century, there was a praepostor for every division of the school.[97]

Sport

Sport is a feature of Eton; which has nearly 200 acres of playing fields and amenity land.[107] The names of the playing fields include Agar's Plough, Dutchman's, Upper Club, Lower Club, Sixpenny/The Field, and Mesopotamia (situated between two streams and often shortened to "Mespots").

The rowing lake at Dorney was developed and is owned by the college. It was the venue for the rowing and canoeing events at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the World Junior Rowing Championships.[108]

The annual cricket match against Harrow at Lord's Cricket Ground is the oldest fixture of the cricketing calendar, having been played there since 1805. A staple of the London society calendar since the 1800s,[109] in 1914, its importance was such that over 38,000 people attended the two days' play, and in 1910 the match made national headlines[110][111] but interest has since declined considerably, and the match is now a one-day limited overs contest.

In 1815, Eton College documented its football rules, the first football code to be written down anywhere in the world.[112]

There is a running track at the Thames Valley Athletics Centre and an annual steeplechase. The running track was controversial as it was purchased with a £3m National Lottery grant with the school getting full daytime use of the facilities in exchange for £200k and 4.5 acres (1.8 hectares) of land. The bursar claimed that Windsor, Slough and Eton Athletic club was "deprived" because it did not have a world-class running track and facilities for training and the Sports Council agreed, saying the whole community would benefit. However Steve Osborn, director of the Safe Neighbourhoods Unit, described the decision as "staggering" given substantial reduction in youth services by councils across the country.[113] The facility which became the Thames Valley Athletics Centre opened in April 1999.[114]

Among the other sports played at Eton is Eton Fives.

Olympic rowing

In 2006,[115] six years before the 2012 London Summer Olympics and London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, Eton completed the construction of Dorney Lake, a permanent, eight-lane, 2,200 metre course (about 1.4 miles) in a 400-acre park. Eton financed the construction from its own funds. Officially known throughout the Games as Eton Dorney, Dorney Lake provided training facilities for Olympic and Paralympic competitors, and during the Games, hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Rowing competitions as well as the Olympic Canoe Sprint event.[115] It attracted over 400,000 visitors during the Games period (around 30,000 per day), and was voted the best 2012 Olympic venue by spectators.[115] Thirty medal events were held on Dorney Lake, during which Team GB won a total of 12 medals, making the lake one of the most successful venues for Team GB. The FISA President, Denis Oswald, described it as "the best-ever Olympic rowing venue".[115] In June 2013, it hosted the World Rowing Cup. Access to the parkland around the Lake is provided to members of the public, free of charge, almost all the year round.[116]

Music and drama

Music

The current "Precentor" (Head of Music) is Tim Johnson, and the School has eight organs and an entire building for music (performance spaces include the School Hall, the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music, the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall). Many instruments are taught, including obscure ones such as the didgeridoo. The School participates in many national competitions; many pupils are part of the National Youth Orchestra, and the School gives scholarships for dedicated and talented musicians. A former Precentor of the college, Ralph Allwood set up and organised Eton Choral Courses, which run at the School every summer.

In 2009, the School's musical protégés came to wider notice when featured in a TV documentary A Boy Called Alex. The film followed an Etonian, Alex Stobbs, a musician with cystic fibrosis, as he worked toward conducting the difficult Magnificat by Johann Sebastian Bach.[117][118]

Drama

 
The exterior of Eton's main theatre, the Farrer.

Numerous plays are put on every year at Eton College; there is one main theatre, called the Farrer (seating 400) and 2 Studio theatres, called the Caccia Studio and Empty Space (seating 90 and 80 respectively). There are about 8 or 9 house productions each year, around 3 or 4 "independent" plays (not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians) and three school plays, one specifically for boys in the first two years, and two open to all years. The school plays have such good reputations that they are normally fully booked every night.[citation needed] Productions also take place in varying locations around the School, varying from the sports fields to more historic buildings such as Upper School and College Chapel.

In recent years, the School has put on a musical version of The Bacchae (October 2009) as well as productions of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (May 2010), The Cherry Orchard (February 2011), Joseph K (October 2011), Cyrano de Bergerac (May 2012), Macbeth (October 2012), London Assurance (May 2013), Jerusalem (October 2013), A Midsummer Night's Dream (May 2014), Antigone (October 2015), The Government Inspector (May 2016) and Romeo and Juliet (May 2017). On top of this, every three years, the School holds a fringe-style School Play Festival, where students and teachers write, direct and act in their own plays, hosted over the period of a week. The most recent one was held in October 2016, which hosted a wide variety of plays, from a double bill of two half an hour plays, to a serialised radio drama, written by a boy in F block (the youngest year.)

Often girls from surrounding schools, such as St George's, Ascot, St Mary's School Ascot, Windsor Girls' School and Heathfield St Mary's School, are cast in female roles. Boys from the School are also responsible for the lighting, sound and stage management of all the productions, under the guidance of several professional full-time theatre staff.[119]

Every year, Eton employs a 'Director-in-Residence', an external professional director on a one-year contract who normally directs one house play and the Lower Boy play (a school play open solely to the first two-year groups), as well as teaching Drama and Theatre Studies to most year groups.

The drama department is headed by Scott Handy (taking over from Hailz Osbourne in 2015) and several other teachers; Simon Dormandy was on the staff until late 2012. The School offers GCSE drama as well as A-level "English with Theatre Studies".

Celebrations

Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called "Fourth of June", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron.[120] This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats, in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats. Similar to the Queen's Official Birthday, the "Fourth of June" is no longer celebrated on 4 June, but on the Wednesday before the first weekend of June. Eton also observes St. Andrew's Day, on which the Eton wall game is played.[citation needed]

Charitable status and fees

Until 18 December 2010, Eton College was an exempt charity under English law (Charities Act 1993, Schedule 2). Under the provisions of the Charities Act 2006, it is now an excepted charity, and fully registered with the Charities Commission,[121] and is now one of the 100 largest charities in the UK.[122] As a charity, it benefits from substantial tax breaks. It was calculated by David Jewell, former Master of Haileybury, that in 1992 such tax breaks saved the school about £1,945 per pupil per year, although he had no direct connection with the school. This subsidy has declined since the 2001 abolition by the Labour Government of state-funded scholarships (formerly known as "assisted places") to independent schools. However, no child attended Eton on this scheme, meaning that the actual level of state assistance to the school has always been lower. Eton's former Head Master, Tony Little, has claimed that the benefits that Eton provides to the local community free of charge (use of its facilities, etc.) have a higher value than the tax breaks it receives as a result of its charitable status. The fee for the academic year 2021–2022 was £44,094 (approximately US$60,000 or €52,000 as of November 2021),[123] although the sum is considerably lower for those pupils on bursaries and scholarships.

Support for state education

London Academy of Excellence

Eton co-sponsors a state sixth-form college, the London Academy of Excellence, opened in 2012 in the London Borough of Newham in East London,[124] the second most deprived borough in England,[125] and just over a mile from the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, the main venue for London's 2012 Summer Olympics. In 2015–2016, it had around 440 pupils and 32 teachers.[126] The college is free of charge and aims to get all its students into higher education.[127] The college's close relationship with Eton has led it to be described as 'the Eton of the East End'.[128] In 2015, the college reported that it had been named best sixth form in the country by The Sunday Times.[125]

Holyport College

In September 2014, Eton opened, and became the sole educational sponsor for, Holyport College, a new purpose-built co-educational state boarding and day school that provides free education for around 500 pupils. It is located in Holyport, near Maidenhead in Berkshire.[129][130] Construction costs were around £15 million, in which a fifth of places for day pupils have been set aside for children from poor homes, 21 boarding places for to youngsters on the verge of being taken into care, and a further 28 boarders funded or part-funded through bursaries.[citation needed]

State school pupils

The above-described developments are running alongside long-established courses that Eton has provided for pupils from state schools, most of them in the summer holidays (July and August).

Universities Summer School

Launched in 1982, the Universities Summer School is an intensive residential course open to boys and girls throughout the UK who attend state schools, are at the end of their first year in the Sixth Form, and are about to begin their final year of schooling.[131]

Brent-Eton Summer School

Launched in 1994, the Brent-Eton Summer School offers 40–50 young people from the London Borough of Brent, an area of inner-city deprivation, an intensive one-week residential course, free of charge, designed to help bridge the gap between GCSE and A-level.[132]

Eton, Slough, Windsor and Heston Independent and State School Partnership

In 2008, Eton helped found the Eton, Slough, Windsor and Heston Independent and State School Partnership (ISSP), with six local state schools. The ISSP's aims are 'to raise pupil achievement, improve pupil self-esteem, raise pupil aspirations and improve professional practice across the schools'.[133] Eton also runs a number of choral and English language courses during the summer months.

Historical relations with other schools

Eton College has links with some private schools in India today, maintained from the days of the British Raj, such as The Doon School[134] and Mayo College.[134] Eton College is also a member of the G30 Schools Group, a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world, including Turkey's Robert College, the United States' Phillips Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy, Australia's Melbourne Grammar School and Launceston Church Grammar School, Singapore's Raffles Institution, and Switzerland's International School of Geneva.

Eton has fostered[when?] a relationship with the Roxbury Latin School, a traditional all-boys private school in Boston, USA. Former Eton headmaster and provost Sir Eric Anderson shares a close friendship with Roxbury Latin Headmaster emeritus F. Washington Jarvis; Anderson has visited Roxbury Latin on numerous occasions,[135] while Jarvis briefly taught theology at Eton after retiring from his headmaster post at Roxbury Latin. The headmasters' close friendship spawned the Hennessy Scholarship,[135] an annual prize established in 2005 and awarded to a graduating RL senior for a year of study at Eton. Hennessy Scholars generally reside in Wotton house.

Eton College funded the Chapel of Trinity College in Kandy, Sri Lanka. In 1927 with underground construction proving to be expensive, the project was strapped for funds. The administration led by Principal Rev John McLeod Campbell appealed far and wide for funds. The captivating edifice finished eight years later is the fruit of the generosity of many colleges in the UK including Eton College. In appreciation of the contributions, the coat of arms of Eton College adorns the inner pillars of the Trinity College Chapel, Kandy[136]

Bishop James Chapman, a former alumnus of Eton College, would go on to become the 1st Anglican Bishop of the Diocese of Colombo. He was instrumental in establishing two prominent schools in Sri Lanka: S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, a fee-levying Anglican selective entry boys' private school based on the Etonian model in 1851, and Bishop's College, Colombo, a private girls' school in 1875.[137][138]

The Doon School, India

The Doon School, founded in 1935, is an all-boys' public school in India that was modelled along the lines of Eton and Winchester.[139] The School's first headmaster was an Englishman, Arthur E. Foot, who had spent nine years as a science master at Eton College before joining Doon.[140] In Doon's early years, teachers from Eton travelled to India to fill the academic posts. Peter Lawrence was one of the first few masters to go to Doon. This led to similar slang being introduced in Doon which is still in use today, such as trials, dame, fagging, and schools (as opposed to 'periods'). In February 2013, Eton's headmaster Tony Little visited Doon to hold talks with the then headmaster of Doon, Peter McLaughlin, on further collaboration between the two schools.[141] Both schools participate in an exchange programme in which boys from either school visit the other for one academic term.[142] Doon has often been described as the 'Eton of India' by media outlets such as The New York Times,[143] BBC,[144] Channel 4,[145] The Guardian,[146] The Daily Telegraph,[147] and Forbes,[148] but the school eschews the label.[149][150]

Old Etonians

"Old Etonians" redirects here. For other uses, see Old Etonians (disambiguation).
Main pages: Category:People educated at Eton College, List of Old Etonians born before the 18th century, List of Old Etonians born in the 18th century, List of Old Etonians born in the 19th century, List of Old Etonians born in the 20th century, List of Old Etonians in the Military, and King's Scholar
 
Old Etonian Tie: black with Eton blue stripes

Former pupils of Eton College are known as Old Etonians.

Politics

Eton has produced twenty British prime ministers. Eleven of them are shown above.

Royalty and nobility

A number of blue-blooded pupils come to Eton from aristocratic and royal families from six continents, some of whom have been sending their sons to Eton for generations.

British:

Foreign:

Writers

Scientists

Journalists

Actors

Actor Dominic West has been unenthusiastic about the career benefits of being an Old Etonian, saying it "is a stigma that is slightly above 'paedophile' in the media in a gallery of infamy",[168] but asked whether he would consider sending his own children there, said "Yes, I would. It's an extraordinary place. ... It has the facilities and the excellence of teaching and it will find what you’re good at and nurture it".[169]

Music

Others

Thirty-seven Old Etonians have been awarded the Victoria Cross—the largest number to alumni of any school (see List of Victoria Crosses by school).

Partially filmed at Eton

Here follows a list of films partially filmed at Eton.[170][better source needed]

Controversies

Main article: Eton College controversies

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Eton College". Get information about schools. GOV.UK. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Current Fees". Eton College. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  3. ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0
  4. ^ "Welcome to the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead". Visit Windsor. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  5. ^ Nevill, p. 3 ff.
  6. ^ Gillett, Francesca (31 October 2017). "Nine UK schools produce country's 'most powerful people'". Evening Standard. London. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  7. ^ Rae, John (18 April 2009). . The Spectator. London. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  8. ^ "Winchester College in the 21st Century". Winchester College. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  9. ^ "Eton – the establishment's choice". BBC News. 2 September 1998. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  10. ^ "Schools Guide 2011 – Tatler". Guides.tatler.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  11. ^ "Current Fees". Eton College.
  12. ^ "Private school fees". Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  13. ^ a b c Patton, Graeme (5 February 2014). "Eton College to admit pupils irrespective of family income". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Society is 'ashamed' of elitism, says Eton headmaster". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 August 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  15. ^ Watts, John, Henry VI and the Politics of Kingship, pp. 169–70, quoting Calendar of Patent Rolls 1436–41, pp. 454, 471.
  16. ^ . Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  17. ^ Hope, Charles (7 March 2013). "At Eton". London Review of Books. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  18. ^ Nevill. p. 5.
  19. ^ Nevill, p. 5.
  20. ^ Nevill, p. 4.
  21. ^ Nikolaus Pevsner, Buildings of England – Buckinghamshire
  22. ^ Nikolaus Pevsner, op. cit. p. 119.
  23. ^ . Time. New York. 27 November 1939. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008.
  24. ^ Nevill, p. 125.
  25. ^ Nikolaus Pevsner, op. cit.
  26. ^ Extracts from c. 20 of A History of Eton College by Maxwell Lyte:
    These rooms contained little besides wooden bedsteads and bureaus. Chairs and tables [were] for the privileged few, and the wind whistled through the gaping casements. Candlesticks were made by folding the cover of a school-book and cutting a hole to receive the candle. A servant was supposed to sweep the rooms, make beds and light fires, but this was all. The lower boys had to fetch water from the pump for [the seniors]. They themselves had neither washstands nor basins...New boys were tossed in blankets until about 1832. In 1834, "the inmates of a workhouse are better fed than the scholars of Eton ... Boys who could not pay for a private room [in the town] are said to have undergone privations that would be thought inhuman if inflicted on a galley-slave."
  27. ^ J. Stuart Maclure, Educational Documents: England and Wales, 1816 to present day (Methuen Young Books, 1973, ISBN 978-0-416-78290-5), p. 83
  28. ^ Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Revenues and Management of certain Colleges and Schools, and the Studies pursued and Instruction given therein; with an Appendix and Evidence, vol. III (evidence) (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1864), [1] pp. 114–116
  29. ^ The Boy's Own Paper Nov 1915 to September 1919
  30. ^ Arthur C. Benson, Hugh, Memoirs of a Brother, chapter eight
  31. ^ "Eton College Site Visit Report". Subbrit.org.uk. 28 October 2000. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  32. ^ "The racist questions I was asked at Eton". BBC News. 23 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  33. ^ "Eton apologises to Nigerian ex-student Onyeama for racism". BBC News. 22 June 2020.
  34. ^ Farmer, Ben (16 June 2011). "Eton and The Ritz on al-Qaeda hit list". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
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  38. ^ Green, Francis; Kynaston, David (2019). Engines of privilege : Britain's private school problem. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-5266-0127-8. OCLC 1108696740.
  39. ^ "What is it like at Eton College?". BBC News. 4 July 2005. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  40. ^ "Eton appoints Su Wijeratna as first female deputy head". BBC News. 28 November 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  41. ^ "As Boris Johnson – Another Prime Minister Who Went to Eton – Enters Office, its time to end private school privilege". The Huffington Post. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  42. ^ "Boris Johnson will be the fifth Eton educated PM since 1945". The Herald. Glasgow. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  43. ^ Moss, Paul (12 May 2010). "Why has Eton produced so many prime ministers?". BBC News. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  44. ^ MacDonald, Alistair (14 May 2010). "After Labour, Posh is Back in Britain". The Wall Street Journal. New York.
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  46. ^ Doward, Jamie (26 June 2005). "Eton waits for verdict in Harry 'cheating' case". The Observer. London.
  47. ^ "Eton—the establishment's choice". BBC News. 2 September 1998. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  48. ^ . The Good Schools Guide. Archived from the original on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  49. ^ Nevill, pp. 15, 23.
  50. ^ "Registration". Eton College. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
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  52. ^ Lyall, Sarah (5 March 2000). "A Proper British Upbringing; Oh, Thank You. That Hurt". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2021. In 1999... [corporal punishment] was finally outlawed in [all] schools.
  53. ^ "Eton Bids Farewell to Fagging". Time. New York. 26 May 1980. Retrieved 1 December 2021. Eton has decided to drop fagging. The practice will be banned as of July [1980]
  54. ^ "How to Get into Eton College". The Tutoress. 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021. ...until only a few decades ago, entrance was determined by being entered on house lists upon birth.
  55. ^ "Young Prince William Takes 1st Step Toward Becoming 'Old Etonian'". Chicago Tribune. 3 September 1995. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  56. ^ de Bellaigue, Christopher (August–September 2016). "Eton and the making of a modern elite". 1843 Magazine. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  57. ^ "The Michaelmas Half". Eton College. 2008.
  58. ^ McConnell, p. 30
  59. ^ "King's Scholarship Awards (13+)". Eton College. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  60. ^ McConnell, pp. 19–20
  61. ^ McConnell, p. 177
  62. ^ a b Pevsner op. cit.
  63. ^ . Time. 26 May 1980. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  64. ^ Nevill, p. 33.
  65. ^ (1864).Report of Her Majesty’s Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Revenues and Management of Certain Colleges and Schools and the Studies Pursued and Instruction Given Therein; with an Appendix and Evidence, Vol. III. Evidence Part 1. London: Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode. p. 116.
  66. ^ McConnell, J. D. R (1967). Eton – How it Works. London: Faber and Faber. p. 162.
  67. ^ The Eton Suit 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine at British Schoolboy Uniforms.
  68. ^ "Facilities". Eton College. 2011.
  69. ^ Nevill, p. 6.
  70. ^ See e.g. B. J. W. Hill, A Portrait of Eton, 1958, and Tim Card, Eton Renewed: A History of Eton College from 1860 to the Present Day, 1994
  71. ^ "Departments and Available Qualifications". Eton College. 2008.
  72. ^ McAllister, J. F. O. (18 June 2006). . Time. New York. Archived from the original on 7 February 2007.
  73. ^ McConnell, pp. 70–76
  74. ^ The Buildings of England – Buckinghamshire, Nikolaus Pevsner, 1960
  75. ^ "work". Eton College. 2008.
  76. ^ "Inspection Reports". Eton College. 2016.
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  78. ^ a b Nevill, p. 25
  79. ^ "1440 Review". 1440review.com. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
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  82. ^ [2] 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  83. ^ Hall, Will (16 May 2014). "Anthony Horowitz at Eton Literary Society". Eton College. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  84. ^ Li, Vernon. "Sir John Major inspires new generation of political thinkers | Eton College". Eton College. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  85. ^ Keith Stern/CompuWeb (29 February 2008). "Ian McKellen's Website – Notes on the Eton visit". Mckellen.com. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  86. ^ . Kevinwarwick.com. 15 September 2009. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
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  89. ^ Brodermann, Max (23 May 2011). "Macmillan Society". Eton College. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
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  92. ^ McConnell, pp. 82–83
  93. ^ McConnell, pp. 85–89
  94. ^ McConnell, p. 42
  95. ^ a b McConnell, pp. 83–84
  96. ^ "Cameron defiant over drug claims". BBC News. 11 February 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  97. ^ a b Nevill, p. 9.
  98. ^ Onyeama, Dillibe (1972). Nigger at Eton. London: Leslie Frewin. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-85632-003-3
  99. ^ Cheetham, Anthony; Parfit, Derek (1964). Eton Microcosm. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. OCLC 7396426
  100. ^ Dixon, Mark (1985). An Eton Schoolboy's Album. London: Debrett's. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-905649-78-8.
  101. ^ Doggart, Sebastian (26 May 2011). "Schools in Sweden can't be beaten: corporal punishment around the world". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022.
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  104. ^ Nevill, p. 35.
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References

  • Nevill, Ralph (1911). Floreat Etona: Anecdotes and Memories of Eton College. London: Macmillan. OCLC 1347225.
  • McConnell, J.D.R. (1967). Eton: How It Works. London: Faber and Faber. OCLC 251359076.
  • Term Dates [accessed 19 August 2021]

Further reading

  • Card, Tim, Eton Established: A History from 1440 to 1860 (London, John Murray, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7195-6052-1)
  • Cust, Lionel, A History of Eton College, third edition, London, 1899, OCLC 960992620
  • Clutton-Brock, Arthur (1900). Eton (reprint 2015 ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. ISBN 9781340998721.
  • Fraser, Nick, The Importance of Being Eton (London, Short Books, June 2006, ISBN 978-1-904977-53-7)
  • Okwonga, Musa (2021). One of Them: An Eton College Memoir. Unbound. ISBN 978-1783529674.
  • Onyeama, Dillibe (1972). Nigger at Eton. ISBN 978-9782335920.
  • Osborne, Richard, Music and Musicians of Eton: 1440 to the present (London, Cygnet Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-907435-19-8)
  • Parker, Eric, Playing Fields: School Days at Eton (London, Philip Allan, 1922, OCLC 2528782)

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eton College.
  • Official website
  • Mohamad at Eton – documentary about Palestinian refugee attending Eton 3 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  1. ^ Ackermann, Rudolph; Combe, William (1816). "The History of the Colleges of Winchester, Eton, and Westminster: With the Charter-House, the Schools of St. Paul's, Merchant Taylors, Harrow, and Rugby, and the Free-school of Christ's Hospital". Google Books.

March 20, 2023
eton, college, public, school, eton, berkshire, england, founded, 1440, henry, under, name, kynge, college, ladye, eton, besyde, windesore, making, 18th, oldest, school, headmasters, headmistresses, conference, originally, intended, sister, institution, king, . Eton College ˈ iː t en 3 is a public school in Eton Berkshire England It was founded in 1440 by Henry VI under the name Kynge s College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore 4 5 making it the 18th oldest school in the Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference HMC Originally intended as a sister institution to King s College Cambridge Eton is particularly well known for its history wealth and notable alumni Old Etonians 6 Eton CollegeAerial view of Eton College from the northLocationEton Berkshire England SL4 6DWCoordinates51 29 31 N 0 36 29 W 51 492 N 0 608 W 51 492 0 608 Coordinates 51 29 31 N 0 36 29 W 51 492 N 0 608 W 51 492 0 608InformationTypePublic schoolPrivate boarding schoolMottoLatin Floreat Etona May Eton Flourish Religious affiliation s Church of EnglandEstablished1440 583 years ago 1440 FounderHenry VILocal authorityWindsor and MaidenheadDepartment for Education URN110158 TablesProvostThe Lord Waldegrave of North HillHead MasterSimon HendersonGenderBoysAge range13 18Enrolment1 311 2020 1 Capacity1 390 1 Student to teacher ratio8 1Area1600 acres 647 hectares Houses25Colour s Eton blue SongCarmen EtonensePublicationThe ChronicleSchool fees 46 296 per year 2 US 55 875 per yearAffiliationsG30 SchoolsHolyport CollegeLondon Academy of ExcellenceMayo CollegeRoxbury Latin SchoolThe Doon SchoolAlumniOld EtoniansWebsitewww wbr etoncollege wbr com Eton College registered charity no 1139086 Charity Commission for England and Wales Eton is one of only three public schools along with Harrow 1572 and Radley 1847 to have retained the boys only boarding only tradition which means that its boys live at the school seven days a week The remainder such as Rugby in 1976 Charterhouse in 1971 Westminster in 1973 7 and Shrewsbury in 2015 have since become co educational or in the case of Winchester 8 as of 2021 update are undergoing the transition to that status Eton has educated prime ministers world leaders Nobel laureates Academy Award and BAFTA award winning actors and generations of the aristocracy having been referred to as the nurse of England s statesmen 9 The school is the largest boarding school in England ahead of Millfield and Oundle 10 Eton charges up to 46 296 per year 15 432 per term with three terms per academic year for 2022 23 11 Eton was noted as being the sixth most expensive HMC boarding school in the UK in 2013 14 12 however the school admits some boys with modest parental income 13 in 2011 it was reported that around 250 boys received significant financial help from the school 14 with the figure rising to 263 pupils in 2014 receiving the equivalent of around 60 of school fee assistance whilst a further 63 received their education free of charge Eton has also announced plans to increase the figure to around 320 pupils with 70 educated free of charge with the intention that the number of pupils receiving financial assistance from the school continues to increase 13 Contents 1 History 1 1 19th century onwards 2 Coat of arms 3 Overview 3 1 Governance and management 3 2 Fame 3 3 Financial support 3 4 Changes to the school 4 School terms 5 Boys houses 5 1 King s Scholars 5 2 Oppidans 5 3 House structure 6 Head Masters 1442 present 7 Uniform 8 Tutors and teaching 9 School magazines 10 Societies 11 Grants and prizes 12 Incentives and sanctions 12 1 Corporal punishment 13 Prefects 14 Sport 14 1 Olympic rowing 15 Music and drama 15 1 Music 15 2 Drama 16 Celebrations 17 Charitable status and fees 18 Support for state education 18 1 London Academy of Excellence 18 2 Holyport College 18 3 State school pupils 18 4 Universities Summer School 18 5 Brent Eton Summer School 18 6 Eton Slough Windsor and Heston Independent and State School Partnership 19 Historical relations with other schools 19 1 The Doon School India 20 Old Etonians 20 1 Politics 20 2 Royalty and nobility 20 3 Writers 20 4 Scientists 20 5 Journalists 20 6 Actors 20 7 Music 20 8 Others 21 Partially filmed at Eton 22 Controversies 23 See also 24 Notes 25 References 26 Further reading 27 External linksHistory Edit Stanberry Window 1923 in Hereford Cathedral showing Bishop John Stanberry advising King Henry VI on the founding of Eton College Statue of the founder Henry VI in School Yard Eton College in 1690 in an engraving by David Loggan Eton College was founded by King Henry VI as a charity school to provide free education to 70 poor boys who would then go on to King s College Cambridge founded by the same King in 1441 Henry took Winchester College as his model visiting on many occasions borrowing its statutes and removing its headmaster and some of the scholars to start his new school When Henry VI founded the school he granted it a large number of endowments including much valuable land The group of feoffees appointed by the king to receive forfeited lands of the Alien Priories for the endowment of Eton were as follows 15 Henry Chichele Archbishop of Canterbury d 1443 Thomas Spofford Bishop of Hereford d 1456 John Low Bishop of Rochester d 1467 William Ayscough Bishop of Salisbury d 1450 William de la Pole 1st Marquess of Suffolk 1396 1450 later Duke of Suffolk John Somerset d 1454 Chancellor of the Exchequer and the king s doctor Thomas Beckington c 1390 1465 Archdeacon of Buckingham the king s secretary and later Keeper of the Privy Seal Richard Andrew d 1477 first Warden of All Souls College Oxford later the king s secretary Adam Moleyns d 1450 Clerk of the Council John Hampton d 1472 of Kinver Staffordshire an Esquire of the Body 16 James Fiennes another member of the Royal Household William Tresham another member of the Royal HouseholdIt was intended to have formidable buildings Henry intended the nave of the College Chapel to be the longest in Europe and several religious relics supposedly including a part of the True Cross and the Crown of Thorns 17 He persuaded the then Pope Eugene IV to grant him a privilege unparalleled anywhere in England the right to grant indulgences to penitents on the Feast of the Assumption The college also came into possession of one of England s Apocalypse manuscripts However when Henry was deposed by King Edward IV in 1461 the new King annulled all grants to the school and removed most of its assets and treasures to St George s Chapel Windsor on the other side of the River Thames Legend has it that Edward s mistress Jane Shore intervened on the school s behalf She was able to save a good part of the school 18 although the royal bequest and the number of staff were much reduced Construction of the chapel originally intended to be slightly over twice as long 19 with 18 or possibly 17 bays there are eight today was stopped when Henry VI was deposed Only the Quire of the intended building was completed Eton s first Headmaster William Waynflete founder of Magdalen College Oxford and previously Head Master of Winchester College 20 built the ante chapel that completed the chapel The important wall paintings in the chapel and the brick north range of the present School Yard also date from the 1480s the lower storeys of the cloister including College Hall were built between 1441 and 1460 21 As the school suffered reduced income while still under construction the completion and further development of the school has since depended to some extent on wealthy benefactors Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost around 1517 His name is borne by the big gatehouse in the west range of the cloisters fronting School Yard perhaps the most famous image of the school This range includes the important interiors of the Parlour Election Hall and Election Chamber where most of the 18th century leaving portraits are kept After Lupton s time nothing important was built until about 1670 when Provost Allestree gave a range to close the west side of School Yard between Lower School and Chapel 22 This was remodelled later and completed in 1694 by Matthew Bankes Master Carpenter of the Royal Works The last important addition to the central college buildings was the College Library in the south range of the cloister 1725 29 by Thomas Rowland It has a very important collection of books and manuscripts 19th century onwards Edit The Duke of Wellington is often incorrectly quoted as saying that The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton 23 Wellington was at Eton from 1781 to 1784 and was to send his sons there According to Nevill citing the historian Sir Edward Creasy what Wellington said while passing an Eton cricket match many decades later was There grows the stuff that won Waterloo 24 a remark Nevill construes as a reference to the manly character induced by games and sport among English youth generally not a comment about Eton specifically In 1889 Sir William Fraser conflated this uncorroborated remark with the one attributed to him by Count Charles de Montalembert s C est ici qu a ete gagne la bataille de Waterloo It is here that the Battle of Waterloo was won The architect John Shaw Jr 1803 1870 became surveyor to Eton He designed New Buildings 1844 46 25 Provost Francis Hodgson s addition to providing better accommodation for collegers who until then had mostly lived in Long Chamber a long first floor room where conditions were inhumane 26 Following complaints about the finances buildings and management of Eton the Clarendon Commission was set up in 1861 as a royal commission to investigate the state of nine schools in England including Eton 27 Questioned by the commission in 1862 headmaster Edward Balston came under attack for his view that in the classroom little time could be spared for subjects other than classical studies 28 An Eton College classroom in the 19th century As with other public schools 29 a scheme was devised towards the end of the 19th century to familiarise privileged schoolboys with social conditions in deprived areas 30 The project of establishing an Eton Mission in the crowded district of Hackney Wick in east London was started at the beginning of 1880 and it lasted until 1971 when it was decided that a more local project at Dorney would be more realistic However over the years much money was raised for the Eton Mission a fine church by G F Bodley was erected many Etonians visited and stimulated among other things the Eton Manor Boys Club a notable rowing club which has survived the Mission itself and the 59 Club for motorcyclists Pupils at Eton College dressed as members of various rowing crews taking part in the Procession of Boats on the River Thames during the Fourth of June celebrations 1932 The very large and ornate School Hall and School Library by L K Hall were erected in 1906 08 across the road from Upper School as the school s memorial to the Etonians who had died in the Boer War Many tablets in the cloisters and chapel commemorate the large number of dead Etonians of the First World War A bomb destroyed part of Upper School in World War II and blew out many windows in the chapel The college commissioned replacements by Evie Hone 1949 52 and by John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens 1959 onward Among headmasters of the 20th century were Cyril Alington Robert Birley and Anthony Chenevix Trench M R James was a provost In 1959 the college constructed a nuclear bunker to house the college s provost and fellows The facility is now used for storage 31 In 1969 Dillibe Onyeama became the first black person to obtain his school leaving certificate from Eton Three years later Onyeama was banned from visiting Eton after he published a book which described the racism that he experienced during his time at the school 32 Simon Henderson current headmaster of Eton apologised to Onyeama for the treatment he endured during his time at the school although Onyeama did not think the apology was necessary 33 In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country s leading independent schools found to have breached the Competition Act 1998 see Eton College controversies In 2011 plans to attack Eton College were found on the body of a senior al Qaeda leader shot dead in Somalia 34 Coat of arms Edit Arms of Eton College Sable three lily flowers argent on a chief per pale azure and gules in the dexter a fleur de lys in the sinister a lion passant guardant or The coat of arms of Eton College was granted in 1449 by the founder King Henry VI as recorded as follows on the original charter attested by the Great Seal of England and preserved in the College archives 35 On a field sable three lily flowers argent intending that Our newly founded College lasting for ages to come whose perpetuity We wish to be signified by the stability of the sable colour shall bring forth the brightest flowers redolent of every kind of knowledge to which also that We may impart something of royal nobility which may declare the work truly royal and illustrious We have resolved that that portion of the arms which by royal right belong to Us in the Kingdoms of France and England be placed on the chief of the shield per pale azure with a flower of the French and gules with a leopard passant or Thus the blazon is Sable three lily flowers argent on a chief per pale azure and gules in the dexter a fleur de lys in the sinister a lion passant guardant or Although the charter specifies that the lily flowers relate to the founder s hope for a flourishing of knowledge that flower is also a symbol for the Virgin Mary in whose honour the college was founded with the number of three having significance to the Blessed Trinity The motto of the college is Floreat Etona may Eton flourish The grant of arms to King s College Cambridge is worded identically but with roses instead of lily flowers 35 Overview Edit Eton College The school is headed by a provost a vice provost and a board of governors known as fellows who appoint the headmaster Governance and management Edit As of 2022 update the school governors 36 include William Waldegrave Baron Waldegrave of North Hill PC Provost Peter Mckee Vice Provost Professor Michael Proctor FRS FRAS FIMA The Duchess of Wellington OBE Lady Moore of Etchingham Mark Esiri The Rt Hon Lord Leggatt PC Sir Mark Lyall Grant GCMG Baroness Morrissey DBE Simon Vivian FSS Professor Francis Brown mathematician Wikidata 2022 Professor Ewan Birney CBE FRS FMedSciStatute VII of the College provides that the board shall be populated as follows 36 The Provost of King s College Cambridge One Fellow to be elected by the Provost amp Fellows who is or has been a member of a faculty of or a fellow of a college at the University of Oxford One Fellow to be elected by the Provost amp Fellows who is or has been a member of a faculty of or a fellow of a college at the University of Cambridge One Fellow to be nominated by the Council of the Royal Society following identification by the Provost amp Fellows or a suitable candidate from amongst the Fellowship of the Royal Society One Fellow to be nominated by the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales One Fellow to be elected by the Head Master Lower Master and Assistant Masters Four members to be elected by the Provost and Fellows themselvesThe school contains 25 boys houses each headed by a housemaster selected from the more senior members of the teaching staff which numbers some 155 37 Almost all of the school s pupils go on to universities about a third of them to University of Oxford or University of Cambridge 38 39 The headmaster is a member of the Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference and the school is a member of the Eton Group of independent schools in the United Kingdom The school appointed its first female Lower Master deputy head Susan Wijeratna in 2017 40 Eton has a long list of distinguished former pupils In 2019 Boris Johnson became the 20th British prime minister to have attended the school 41 and the fifth since the end of the Second World War 42 Previous Conservative leader David Cameron was the 19th British prime minister to have attended the school 43 44 and recommended that Eton set up a school in the state sector to help drive up standards 45 Fame Edit Eton has been described as the most famous public school in the world 46 and has been referred to as the chief nurse of England s statesmen 47 Eton has educated generations of British and foreign aristocracy and for the first time members of the British royal family in direct line of succession the Prince of Wales and his brother the Duke of Sussex in contrast to the royal tradition of male education at either naval college or Gordonstoun or by tutors The Good Schools Guide called the school the number one boys public school adding that The teaching and facilities are second to none 48 The school is a member of the G30 Schools Group Eton today is a larger school than it has been for much of its history In 1678 there were 207 boys In the late 18th century there were about 300 while today the total has risen to over 1 300 49 50 Eton College Provost s Garden Financial support Edit About 20 of pupils at Eton receive financial support through a range of bursaries and scholarships 51 A recent Head Master Tony Little said that Eton was developing plans to allow any boy to attend the school whatever his parents income and in 2011 said that around 250 boys received significant financial help from the school 14 In early 2014 this figure had risen to 263 pupils receiving the equivalent of around 60 of school fee assistance whilst a further 63 received their education free of charge Little said that in the short term he wanted to ensure that around 320 pupils per year receive bursaries and that 70 were educated free of charge with the intention that the number of pupils receiving financial assistance would continue to increase 13 Changes to the school Edit Registration at birth corporal punishment and fagging are no longer practised at Eton 52 53 54 Academic standards were raised and by the mid 1990s Eton ranked among Britain s top three schools in getting its pupils into Oxford and Cambridge 55 The proportion of boys at the school who were sons of Old Etonians fell from 60 in 1960 to 20 in 2016 This has been attributed to a number of factors including the dissolution of the house lists which allowed Old Etonians to register their sons at birth in 1990 harder entrance examinations as the emphasis on academic attainment increased a sharp rise in school fees increasingly beyond the means of many UK families and increased applications from international often very wealthy families 56 School terms EditThere are three academic terms 57 known as halves 58 in the year The Michaelmas Half from early September to mid December New boys are now admitted only at the start of the Michaelmas Half unless in exceptional circumstances The Lent Half from mid January to late March The Summer Half from late April to late June or early July They are called halves because the school year was once split into two halves between which the boys went home Boys houses EditKing s Scholars Edit Main article King s Scholar One boarding house College is reserved for 70 King s Scholars 59 who attend Eton on scholarships provided by the original foundation and awarded by examination each year King s Scholars pay up to 90 per cent of full fees depending on their means Of the other pupils up to a third receive some kind of bursary or scholarship The name King s Scholars refers to the foundation of the school by King Henry VI in 1440 The original school consisted of the 70 Scholars together with some Commensals and the Scholars were educated and boarded at the foundation s expense King s Scholars are entitled to use the letters KS after their name and they can be identified by a black gown worn over the top of their tailcoats giving them the nickname tugs Latin togati wearers of gowns and occasionally by a surplice in Chapel The house is looked after by the Master in College Having succeeded in the examination they include many of the most academically gifted boys in the school Oppidans Edit As the school grew more students were allowed to attend provided that they paid their own fees and lived in boarding houses within the town of Eton outside the college s original buildings These students became known as Oppidans from the Latin word oppidum meaning town 60 The houses developed over time as a means of providing residence for the Oppidans in a more congenial manner and during the 18th and 19th centuries the housemasters started to rely more for administrative purposes on a senior female member of staff known as a dame who became responsible for the physical welfare of the boys Some houses had previously been run by dames without a housemaster Each house typically contains about 50 boys Although classes are organised on a school basis most boys spend a large proportion of their time in their house Not all boys who pass the college election examination choose to become King s Scholars which involves living in College with its own ancient traditions wearing a gown and therefore a degree of separation from the other boys If they choose instead to belong to one of the 24 Oppidan houses they are known as Oppidan Scholars 61 Oppidan scholarships may also be awarded for consistently performing with distinction in school and external examinations To gain an Oppidan Scholarship a boy must have either three distinctions in a row or four throughout his career Within the school an Oppidan Scholar is entitled to use the post nominal letters OS Each Oppidan house is usually referred to by the initials forenames and surname of its current housemaster a senior teacher beak or more formally by his surname alone not by the name of the building in which it is situated Houses occasionally swap buildings according to the seniority of the housemaster and the physical desirability of the building The names of buildings occupied by houses are used for few purposes other than a correspondence address They are Godolphin House Jourdelay s both built as such c 1720 62 Hawtrey House Durnford House the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows 1845 62 when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control The Hopgarden South Lawn Waynflete Evans s Keate House Warre House Villiers House Common Lane House Penn House Walpole House Cotton Hall Wotton House Holland House Mustians Angelo s Manor House Farrer House Baldwin s Bec The Timbralls and Westbury House structure Edit Front of Eton College In addition to the house master each house has a house captain and a house captain of games Some houses have more than one House prefects were once elected from the oldest year but this no longer happens The old term Library survives in the name of the room set aside for the oldest year s use where boys have their own kitchen Similarly boys in their penultimate year have a room known as Debate There are entire house gatherings every evening usually around 8 05 8 30 p m These are known as Prayers due to their original nature The house master and boys have an opportunity to make announcements and sometimes the boys provide light entertainment For much of Eton s history junior boys had to act as fags or servants to older boys Their duties included cleaning cooking and running errands A Library member was entitled to yell at any time and without notice Boy Up or Boy Queue and all first year boys had to come running The last boy to arrive was given the task These practices known as fagging were partially phased out of most houses in the 1970s Captains of house and games still sometimes give tasks to first year boys such as collecting the mail from the school office 63 There are many inter house competitions mostly in sports Head Masters 1442 present EditMain article List of Head Masters of Eton CollegeUniform Edit Prince Henry Duke of Gloucester in 1914 dress of a junior Eton pupil wearing a top hat neck tie and bum freezer none of which are now worn The School is known for its traditions including a uniform of black tailcoat or morning coat and black waistcoat a starched stiff collar and black pinstriped trousers Most pupils wear a white tie which is a narrow strip of cloth folded over the joint of the collar to hide the collar stud but some senior boys are entitled to wear a white bow tie and winged collar Stick Ups There are some variations in the school dress worn by boys in authority see School Prefects and King s Scholars sections The long standing belief that the present uniform was first worn as mourning for the death of King George III in 1820 64 is unfounded In 1862 headmaster Edward Balston in an interview with the Clarendon Commission noted little in the way of uniform Lord Clarendon One more question which bears in some degree upon other schools namely with regard to the dress The boys do not wear any particular dress at Eton Edward Balston No with the exception that they are obliged to wear a white neckcloth Lord Clarendon Is the colour of their clothes much restricted Edward Balston We would not let them wear for instance a yellow coat or any other colour very much out of the way Lord Clarendon If they do not adopt anything very extravagant either with respect to colour or cut you allow them to follow their own taste with respect to the choice of their clothes Edward Balston Yes Lord Lyttelton They must wear the common round hat Edward Balston Yes 65 The 17th Duke of Alba in late 1800s Eton dress seen here with a mess jacket The uniform worn today was gradually adopted and standardised towards the end of the nineteenth century 66 Until 1967 boys under the height of 5 ft 4 in 163 cm wore a cropped jacket known as an Eton jacket mess jacket or bum freezer instead of a tailcoat 67 Tutors and teaching EditTeachers are known unofficially as beaks The pupil to teacher ratio is 8 1 68 which is extremely low by typical UK school standards Class sizes start at around twenty to twenty five in the first year and are often below ten by the final year The original curriculum concentrated on prayers Latin and devotion and as late as 1530 no Greek was taught 69 Later the emphasis was on classical studies dominated by Latin and Ancient History and for boys with sufficient ability Classical Greek From the latter part of the 19th century this curriculum has changed and broadened 70 for example there are now more than 100 students of Chinese which is a non curriculum course 71 In the 1970s there was just one school computer in a small room attached to the science buildings It used punched tape to store programs Today all boys must have laptop computers and the school fibre optic network connects all classrooms and all boys bedrooms to the internet 72 The primary responsibility for a boy s studies lies with his House Master but he is assisted by an additional director of studies known as a tutor 73 Classes formally known as divisions divs are organised on a School basis the classrooms are separate from the houses New blocks of classrooms have appeared every decade or so since New Schools designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861 63 74 Despite the introduction of modern technology the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time The oldest classroom still in use Lower School dates from the 15th century Every evening about an hour and a quarter known as Quiet Hour is set aside during which boys are expected to study or prepare work for their teachers if not otherwise engaged 75 Some Houses at the discretion of the House Master may observe a second Quiet Hour after prayers in the evening This is less formal with boys being allowed to visit each other s rooms to socialise if neither boy has work outstanding The Independent Schools Inspectorate s report for 2016 says The achievement of pupils is exceptional Progress and abilities of all pupils are at a high level Pupils are highly successful in public examinations and the record of entrance to universities with demanding entry requirements in the United Kingdom and overseas is strong 76 In 2017 a science technology engineering and mathematics STEM schools skills ranking table designed to show employability showed the school performed disproportionally badly falling to 109th place and behind many state schools Edwina Dunn the chairwoman of the company producing the report called for schools to be reassessed based on how suitable pupils are for businesses in the post Brexit world 77 School magazines EditThe Chronicle is the official school magazine having been founded in 1863 78 It is edited by boys at the school Although liable to censorship it has a tradition of satirising and attacking school policies as well as documenting recent events The Oppidan founded in 1828 78 was published once a half it covered all sport in Eton and some professional events as well but no longer exists The Junior Chronicle is the official school magazine of Lower Boys pupils in their first two years at Eton and it written edited and designed solely by them Other school magazines including The Academic Yearbook The Arts Review and The Eton Zeitgeist have been published as well as publications produced by individual departments such as The 1440 Review 79 history The Axiom mathematics Scientific Etonian science The Ampersand English Biopsy Medicine and The Lexicon modern languages Societies EditAt Eton there are many organisations known as societies in many of which pupils come together to discuss a particular topic or to listen to a lecture presided over by a senior pupil and often including a guest speaker 80 At any one time there are about fifty societies and clubs in existence catering for a wide range of interests and largely run by boys Societies tend to come and go depending on the special enthusiasms of the masters and boys in the school at the time but some have been in existence for many years Those in existence at present include Aeronautical African Alexander Cozens Art Amnesty Archeological Architectural Astronomy Balfour Banks conservation Caledonian Cheese Classical Comedy Cosmopolitan Debating Design Entrepreneurship Francophone Geographical Geopolitical Global Henry Fielding Hispanic History Keynes economics Law Literary Mathematical Medical Middle Eastern Model United Nations Modern Languages Oriental Orwell left wing Simeon Christian Parry music Photographic Political Praed poetry Rock music Rous equestrian Salisbury formerly diplomatic now colonial history Savile Rare Books and Manuscripts Shelley Scientific Sports Tech Club Theatre Wellington military Wine and Wotton s philosophy Among past guest speakers are Rowan Atkinson citation needed Jeremy Burge 81 Ralph Fiennes King Constantine II of Greece Kit Hesketh Harvey 82 Anthony Horowitz 83 John Major 84 Boris Johnson Ian McKellen 85 J K Rowling Katie Price Kevin Warwick 86 Andrew Lloyd Webber 87 Vivienne Westwood 88 Terry Wogan 89 and Alan Yau 90 Grants and prizes EditPrizes are awarded on the results of trials internal exams GCSE and AS levels In addition many subjects and activities have specially endowed prizes several of which are awarded by visiting experts The most prestigious is the Newcastle Scholarship awarded on the strength of an examination consisting of two papers in philosophical theology moral theory and applied ethics The second most prestigious is the Rosebery Prize for History this is awarded on the same day as the Newcastle Scholarship and follows a similar format of a 3 hour exam during the Lent Half although the Newcastle Scholarship is awarded on the basis of two such examinations Also of note is the Gladstone Memorial Prize and the Coutts Prize awarded on the results of trials and AS level examinations in C block Year 12 and the Huxley Prize awarded for a project on a scientific subject Other specialist prizes include the Newcastle Classical Prize which was formerly the same prize as the Newcastle Scholarship but the two were separated as a decreasing number of philosophers were fluent in Latin and Classical Greek the Queen s Prizes for French and German the Duke of Newcastle s Russian Prize the Beddington Spanish Prize the Strafford and Bowman Shakespeare Prizes the Tomline and Russell Prizes in Mathematics the Sotheby Prize for History of Art the Waddington Prize for Theology and Philosophy the Birley Prize for History the Rorie Mackenzie Prize for Modern Languages the Robert Boyle Prize for Physics The Lower Boy Rosebery Prize the Wilder Prize for Theology and The Hervey Verse Prize for poetry in senior years Prizes are awarded too for excellence in such activities as painting sculpture ceramics playing musical instruments musical composition declamation silverwork and design Various benefactions make it possible to give grants each year to boys who wish for educational or cultural reasons to work or travel abroad These include the Busk Fund which supports individual ventures that show particular initiative the C M Wells Memorial Trust Fund for the promotion of visits to classical lands the Sadler Fund which supports among others those intending to enter the Foreign Service and the Marsden Fund for travel in countries where the principal language is not English Incentives and sanctions EditEton has a well established system for encouraging boys to produce high standard work An excellent piece of work may be rewarded with a Show Up to be shown to the boy s tutors as evidence of progress 91 If in any particular term a pupil makes a particularly good effort in any subject he may be Commended for Good Effort to the Head Master or Lower Master If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work it may be Sent Up For Good 91 storing the effort in the College Archives for posterity This award has been around since the 18th century As Sending Up For Good is fairly infrequent the process is rather mysterious to many of Eton s boys First the master wishing to Send Up For Good must gain the permission of the relevant Head of Department Upon receiving his or her approval the piece of work will be marked with Sent Up For Good and the student will receive a card to be signed by House Master tutor and division master The opposite of a Show Up is a Rip 92 This is for sub standard work which is sometimes torn at the top of the page sheet and must be submitted to the boy s housemaster for signature Boys who accumulate rips are liable to be given a White Ticket a form of a progress report which must be signed at intervals by all his teachers and may be accompanied by other punishments usually involving doing domestic chores or writing lines In recent times when a milder form of the rip sign for information colloquially known as an info has been introduced which must also be signed by the boy s housemaster and tutor Internal examinations are held at the end of the Michaelmas half i e autumn term for all pupils and in the Summer half for those in the first second and fourth years i e those not taking a full set of public examinations These internal examinations are called Trials 93 A boy who is late for any division or other appointments may be required to sign Tardy Book a register kept in the School Office between 7 35 am and 7 45 am every morning for the duration of his sentence typically three days 94 Tardy Book may also be issued for late work For more serious misdeeds a boy is placed on the Bill which involves him being summoned by the sudden entry of a prefect into one of his divisions who announces in a loud and formal tone that at a given time a certain pupil must attend the office of the Head Master or Lower Master if the boy is in the lower two years to talk personally about his misdeeds 95 The most serious misdeeds may result in expulsion or rustication suspension or in former times beating Conversely should a master be more than 15 minutes late for a class traditionally the pupils may claim it as a run and absent themselves for the rest of its duration provided they report their intention so to do at the school office A traditional punishment took the form of being made to copy by hand Latin hexameters Offenders were frequently set 100 hexameters by Library members or for more serious offences Georgics more than 500 hexameters by their House Masters or the Head Master 96 The giving of a Georgic is now extremely rare but still occasionally occurs Corporal punishment Edit Eton used to be renowned for its use of corporal punishment generally known as beating In the 16th century Friday was set aside as flogging day 97 A special wooden birching block was used for the purpose with the boy being directed to fetch it and then kneel over it John Keate Head Master from 1809 to 1834 took over at a time when discipline was poor Until 1964 offending boys could be summoned to the Head Master or the Lower Master as appropriate to receive a birching on the bare posterior in a semi public ceremony held in the Library where there was a special wooden birching block over which the offender was held Anthony Chenevix Trench Head Master from 1964 to 1970 abolished the birch and replaced it with caning also applied to the bare buttocks which he administered privately in his office 98 Chenevix Trench also abolished corporal punishment administered by senior boys Previously House Captains were permitted to cane offenders over the seat of the trousers This was a routine occurrence carried out privately with the boy bending over with his head under the edge of a table Less common but more severe were the canings administered by Pop see Eton Society below in the form of a Pop Tanning in which a large number of hard strokes were inflicted by the President of Pop in the presence of all Pop members or in earlier times each member of Pop took it in turns to inflict a stroke The culprit was summoned to appear in a pair of old trousers as the caning would cut the cloth to shreds This was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton 99 Chenevix Trench s successor from 1970 Michael McCrum retained private corporal punishment by masters but ended the practice of requiring boys to take their trousers and underpants down when bending over to be caned by the Head Master By the mid 1970s the only people allowed to administer caning were the Head Master and the Lower Master 100 Corporal punishment was phased out in the 1980s The film director Sebastian Doggart claims to have been the last boy caned at Eton in 1984 101 Prefects EditIn addition to the masters the following three categories of senior boys are entitled to exercise School discipline Boys who belong to any of these categories in addition to a limited number of other boy office holders are entitled to wear winged collars with bow ties Pop officially known as Eton Society 102 a society comprising the most popular well regarded confident and able senior boys It is a driving ambition of many capable Eton schoolboys to be elected to Pop and many high performers who are refused entry to this society consider their careers at Eton a failure Boris Johnson was a member of Pop whilst David Cameron unlike his elder brother Alexander failed to be elected which possibly fed their later political rivalry 103 Over the years its power and privileges have grown Pop is the oldest self electing society at Eton The rules were altered in 1987 and again in 2005 so that the new intake are not elected solely by the existing year and a committee of masters Members of Pop wear white and black houndstooth checked trousers a starched stick up collar and white bow tie and are entitled to wear flamboyant waistcoats often of their own design Historically only members of Pop were entitled to furl their umbrellas 104 or sit on the wall on the Long Walk in front of the main building However these traditions have died out They perform roles at many of the routine events of the school year including school plays parents evenings and other official events and generally maintain order Notable ex members of Pop include the Prince of Wales unlike his younger brother the Duke of Sussex who failed to be elected 105 Eddie Redmayne and Tom Hiddleston Sixth Form Select an academically selected prefectorial group consisting by custom of the 10 senior King s Scholars and the 10 senior Oppidan Scholars 106 Members of Sixth Form Select are entitled to wear silver buttons on their waistcoats They also act as Praepostors they enter classrooms in mid lesson without knocking and ask in a loud and formal tone Is family name in this division followed by He is to see the Head Master at time on the bill the Bill see above 95 Members of Sixth Form Select also perform Speeches a formal event held five times a year House Captains The captains of each of the 25 boys houses see above There are usually either one or two per house They have little responsibility at a school level but within their house are more senior than Pop or Sixth Form Select members House Captains are entitled to wear a mottled grey waistcoat It is possible to belong to Pop and Sixth Form Select at the same time It is less common for a House Captain to belong to Pop but it still happens fairly often In the era of Queen Elizabeth I there were two praepostors in every form who noted down the names of absentees Until the late 19th century there was a praepostor for every division of the school 97 Sport EditSport is a feature of Eton which has nearly 200 acres of playing fields and amenity land 107 The names of the playing fields include Agar s Plough Dutchman s Upper Club Lower Club Sixpenny The Field and Mesopotamia situated between two streams and often shortened to Mespots During the Michaelmas Half the sport curriculum is dominated by football called Association and rugby union with some rowing for a smaller number of boys During the Lent Half it is dominated by the field game a code of football but this is unique to Eton and cannot be played against other schools However using strategies from the field game the Eton football team Old Etonians F C reached the finals of the FA Cup 6 times winning twice in 1879 and 1882 During this half Collegers also play the Eton wall game this game received national publicity when it was taken up by Prince Harry Aided by AstroTurf facilities on Masters field field hockey has become a major Lent Half sport along with Rugby 7 s Elite rowers prepare for the Schools Head of the River Race in late March During the Summer Half sporting boys divide into dry bobs who play cricket tennis or athletics and wet bobs who row on the River Thames and the rowing lake in preparation for The National Schools Regatta and the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta The rowing lake at Dorney was developed and is owned by the college It was the venue for the rowing and canoeing events at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the World Junior Rowing Championships 108 The annual cricket match against Harrow at Lord s Cricket Ground is the oldest fixture of the cricketing calendar having been played there since 1805 A staple of the London society calendar since the 1800s 109 in 1914 its importance was such that over 38 000 people attended the two days play and in 1910 the match made national headlines 110 111 but interest has since declined considerably and the match is now a one day limited overs contest In 1815 Eton College documented its football rules the first football code to be written down anywhere in the world 112 There is a running track at the Thames Valley Athletics Centre and an annual steeplechase The running track was controversial as it was purchased with a 3m National Lottery grant with the school getting full daytime use of the facilities in exchange for 200k and 4 5 acres 1 8 hectares of land The bursar claimed that Windsor Slough and Eton Athletic club was deprived because it did not have a world class running track and facilities for training and the Sports Council agreed saying the whole community would benefit However Steve Osborn director of the Safe Neighbourhoods Unit described the decision as staggering given substantial reduction in youth services by councils across the country 113 The facility which became the Thames Valley Athletics Centre opened in April 1999 114 Among the other sports played at Eton is Eton Fives Olympic rowing Edit In 2006 115 six years before the 2012 London Summer Olympics and London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games Eton completed the construction of Dorney Lake a permanent eight lane 2 200 metre course about 1 4 miles in a 400 acre park Eton financed the construction from its own funds Officially known throughout the Games as Eton Dorney Dorney Lake provided training facilities for Olympic and Paralympic competitors and during the Games hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Rowing competitions as well as the Olympic Canoe Sprint event 115 It attracted over 400 000 visitors during the Games period around 30 000 per day and was voted the best 2012 Olympic venue by spectators 115 Thirty medal events were held on Dorney Lake during which Team GB won a total of 12 medals making the lake one of the most successful venues for Team GB The FISA President Denis Oswald described it as the best ever Olympic rowing venue 115 In June 2013 it hosted the World Rowing Cup Access to the parkland around the Lake is provided to members of the public free of charge almost all the year round 116 Music and drama EditMusic Edit The current Precentor Head of Music is Tim Johnson and the School has eight organs and an entire building for music performance spaces include the School Hall the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall Many instruments are taught including obscure ones such as the didgeridoo The School participates in many national competitions many pupils are part of the National Youth Orchestra and the School gives scholarships for dedicated and talented musicians A former Precentor of the college Ralph Allwood set up and organised Eton Choral Courses which run at the School every summer In 2009 the School s musical proteges came to wider notice when featured in a TV documentary A Boy Called Alex The film followed an Etonian Alex Stobbs a musician with cystic fibrosis as he worked toward conducting the difficult Magnificat by Johann Sebastian Bach 117 118 Drama Edit The exterior of Eton s main theatre the Farrer Numerous plays are put on every year at Eton College there is one main theatre called the Farrer seating 400 and 2 Studio theatres called the Caccia Studio and Empty Space seating 90 and 80 respectively There are about 8 or 9 house productions each year around 3 or 4 independent plays not confined solely to one house produced directed and funded by Etonians and three school plays one specifically for boys in the first two years and two open to all years The school plays have such good reputations that they are normally fully booked every night citation needed Productions also take place in varying locations around the School varying from the sports fields to more historic buildings such as Upper School and College Chapel In recent years the School has put on a musical version of The Bacchae October 2009 as well as productions of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum May 2010 The Cherry Orchard February 2011 Joseph K October 2011 Cyrano de Bergerac May 2012 Macbeth October 2012 London Assurance May 2013 Jerusalem October 2013 A Midsummer Night s Dream May 2014 Antigone October 2015 The Government Inspector May 2016 and Romeo and Juliet May 2017 On top of this every three years the School holds a fringe style School Play Festival where students and teachers write direct and act in their own plays hosted over the period of a week The most recent one was held in October 2016 which hosted a wide variety of plays from a double bill of two half an hour plays to a serialised radio drama written by a boy in F block the youngest year Often girls from surrounding schools such as St George s Ascot St Mary s School Ascot Windsor Girls School and Heathfield St Mary s School are cast in female roles Boys from the School are also responsible for the lighting sound and stage management of all the productions under the guidance of several professional full time theatre staff 119 Every year Eton employs a Director in Residence an external professional director on a one year contract who normally directs one house play and the Lower Boy play a school play open solely to the first two year groups as well as teaching Drama and Theatre Studies to most year groups The drama department is headed by Scott Handy taking over from Hailz Osbourne in 2015 and several other teachers Simon Dormandy was on the staff until late 2012 The School offers GCSE drama as well as A level English with Theatre Studies Celebrations EditEton s best known holiday takes place on the so called Fourth of June a celebration of the birthday of King George III Eton s greatest patron 120 This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats Similar to the Queen s Official Birthday the Fourth of June is no longer celebrated on 4 June but on the Wednesday before the first weekend of June Eton also observes St Andrew s Day on which the Eton wall game is played citation needed Charitable status and fees EditUntil 18 December 2010 Eton College was an exempt charity under English law Charities Act 1993 Schedule 2 Under the provisions of the Charities Act 2006 it is now an excepted charity and fully registered with the Charities Commission 121 and is now one of the 100 largest charities in the UK 122 As a charity it benefits from substantial tax breaks It was calculated by David Jewell former Master of Haileybury that in 1992 such tax breaks saved the school about 1 945 per pupil per year although he had no direct connection with the school This subsidy has declined since the 2001 abolition by the Labour Government of state funded scholarships formerly known as assisted places to independent schools However no child attended Eton on this scheme meaning that the actual level of state assistance to the school has always been lower Eton s former Head Master Tony Little has claimed that the benefits that Eton provides to the local community free of charge use of its facilities etc have a higher value than the tax breaks it receives as a result of its charitable status The fee for the academic year 2021 2022 was 44 094 approximately US 60 000 or 52 000 as of November 2021 123 although the sum is considerably lower for those pupils on bursaries and scholarships Support for state education EditLondon Academy of Excellence Edit Eton co sponsors a state sixth form college the London Academy of Excellence opened in 2012 in the London Borough of Newham in East London 124 the second most deprived borough in England 125 and just over a mile from the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park the main venue for London s 2012 Summer Olympics In 2015 2016 it had around 440 pupils and 32 teachers 126 The college is free of charge and aims to get all its students into higher education 127 The college s close relationship with Eton has led it to be described as the Eton of the East End 128 In 2015 the college reported that it had been named best sixth form in the country by The Sunday Times 125 Holyport College Edit In September 2014 Eton opened and became the sole educational sponsor for Holyport College a new purpose built co educational state boarding and day school that provides free education for around 500 pupils It is located in Holyport near Maidenhead in Berkshire 129 130 Construction costs were around 15 million in which a fifth of places for day pupils have been set aside for children from poor homes 21 boarding places for to youngsters on the verge of being taken into care and a further 28 boarders funded or part funded through bursaries citation needed State school pupils Edit The above described developments are running alongside long established courses that Eton has provided for pupils from state schools most of them in the summer holidays July and August Universities Summer School Edit Launched in 1982 the Universities Summer School is an intensive residential course open to boys and girls throughout the UK who attend state schools are at the end of their first year in the Sixth Form and are about to begin their final year of schooling 131 Brent Eton Summer School Edit Launched in 1994 the Brent Eton Summer School offers 40 50 young people from the London Borough of Brent an area of inner city deprivation an intensive one week residential course free of charge designed to help bridge the gap between GCSE and A level 132 Eton Slough Windsor and Heston Independent and State School Partnership Edit In 2008 Eton helped found the Eton Slough Windsor and Heston Independent and State School Partnership ISSP with six local state schools The ISSP s aims are to raise pupil achievement improve pupil self esteem raise pupil aspirations and improve professional practice across the schools 133 Eton also runs a number of choral and English language courses during the summer months Historical relations with other schools EditEton College has links with some private schools in India today maintained from the days of the British Raj such as The Doon School 134 and Mayo College 134 Eton College is also a member of the G30 Schools Group a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world including Turkey s Robert College the United States Phillips Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy Australia s Melbourne Grammar School and Launceston Church Grammar School Singapore s Raffles Institution and Switzerland s International School of Geneva Eton has fostered when a relationship with the Roxbury Latin School a traditional all boys private school in Boston USA Former Eton headmaster and provost Sir Eric Anderson shares a close friendship with Roxbury Latin Headmaster emeritus F Washington Jarvis Anderson has visited Roxbury Latin on numerous occasions 135 while Jarvis briefly taught theology at Eton after retiring from his headmaster post at Roxbury Latin The headmasters close friendship spawned the Hennessy Scholarship 135 an annual prize established in 2005 and awarded to a graduating RL senior for a year of study at Eton Hennessy Scholars generally reside in Wotton house Eton College funded the Chapel of Trinity College in Kandy Sri Lanka In 1927 with underground construction proving to be expensive the project was strapped for funds The administration led by Principal Rev John McLeod Campbell appealed far and wide for funds The captivating edifice finished eight years later is the fruit of the generosity of many colleges in the UK including Eton College In appreciation of the contributions the coat of arms of Eton College adorns the inner pillars of the Trinity College Chapel Kandy 136 Bishop James Chapman a former alumnus of Eton College would go on to become the 1st Anglican Bishop of the Diocese of Colombo He was instrumental in establishing two prominent schools in Sri Lanka S Thomas College Mount Lavinia a fee levying Anglican selective entry boys private school based on the Etonian model in 1851 and Bishop s College Colombo a private girls school in 1875 137 138 The Doon School India Edit The Doon School founded in 1935 is an all boys public school in India that was modelled along the lines of Eton and Winchester 139 The School s first headmaster was an Englishman Arthur E Foot who had spent nine years as a science master at Eton College before joining Doon 140 In Doon s early years teachers from Eton travelled to India to fill the academic posts Peter Lawrence was one of the first few masters to go to Doon This led to similar slang being introduced in Doon which is still in use today such as trials dame fagging and schools as opposed to periods In February 2013 Eton s headmaster Tony Little visited Doon to hold talks with the then headmaster of Doon Peter McLaughlin on further collaboration between the two schools 141 Both schools participate in an exchange programme in which boys from either school visit the other for one academic term 142 Doon has often been described as the Eton of India by media outlets such as The New York Times 143 BBC 144 Channel 4 145 The Guardian 146 The Daily Telegraph 147 and Forbes 148 but the school eschews the label 149 150 Old Etonians Edit Old Etonians redirects here For other uses see Old Etonians disambiguation Main pages Category People educated at Eton College List of Old Etonians born before the 18th century List of Old Etonians born in the 18th century List of Old Etonians born in the 19th century List of Old Etonians born in the 20th century List of Old Etonians in the Military and King s Scholar Old Etonian Tie black with Eton blue stripes Former pupils of Eton College are known as Old Etonians Politics Edit Robert Walpole first Prime Minister of Great Britain William Pitt the Elder former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom William Ewart Gladstone former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Robert Gascoyne Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Arthur James Balfour former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Anthony Eden former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Harold Macmillan 1st Earl of Stockton former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Alec Douglas Home former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Abhisit Vejjajiva former Prime Minister of Thailand Kwasi Kwarteng former Chancellor of the Exchequer 151 Robert Cecil recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington Eton has produced twenty British prime ministers Eleven of them are shown above Royalty and nobility Edit A number of blue blooded pupils come to Eton from aristocratic and royal families from six continents some of whom have been sending their sons to Eton for generations British The Prince of Wales born 1982 152 Prince Harry Duke of Sussex born 1984 153 Hugh Grosvenor 2nd Duke of Westminster 1879 1953 Prince Henry Duke of Gloucester 1900 1974 Prince Richard Duke of Gloucester born 1944 Alexander Windsor Earl of Ulster born 1974 Prince William of Gloucester 1941 1972 Prince Edward Duke of Kent born 1935 George Windsor Earl of St Andrews born 1962 154 Edward Windsor Lord Downpatrick born 1988 155 Prince Michael of Kent born 1942 156 Lord Frederick Windsor born 1979 James Ogilvy born 1964 son of Princess Alexandra and the Hon Sir Angus Ogilvy George Lascelles 7th Earl of Harewood 1923 2011 the son of Mary Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood 157 Charles Spencer 9th Earl Spencer born 1964 brother of Diana Princess of Wales 158 Charles Armstrong Jones Viscount Linley born 1999 159 John Spencer Churchill 11th Duke of Marlborough 1926 2014 160 Lord William Beauchamp Nevill 1860 1939 Foreign King Prajadhipok or Rama VII of Siam 1893 1941 161 Prince Tokugawa Iesato 1863 1940 King Leopold III of Belgium 1901 1983 Prince Nirajan Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal 1978 2001 162 Aga Khan III 1877 1957 163 King Birendra of Nepal 1945 2001 King Dipendra of Nepal 1971 2001 164 Crown Prince Zera Yacob Amha Selassie of Ethiopia 165 Prince Nicholas of Romania 1903 1978 Prince Eustachy Sapieha 1881 1963 166 Alexander Crown Prince of Yugoslavia born 1945 167 Writers Edit Robert Bridges Cyril Connolly William Douglas Home Henry Fielding Ian Fleming Gilbert Frankau Thomas Gray Aldous Huxley Montague Rhodes James Ronald A Knox Richard Mason Douglas Murray Musa Okwonga Dillibe Onyeama George Orwell Anthony Powell Percy Bysshe Shelley Osbert Sitwell Sacheverell Sitwell Horace Walpole Guy Walters Scientists Edit Robert Boyle chemist John Gurdon biologist and Nobel laureate J B S Haldane biologist and statistician Henry Moseley physicist John Maynard Smith biologist and geneticist John William Strutt physicist Stephen Wolfram computer scientist Journalists Edit Timothy Brinton 1950s BBC newsreader and 1960s ITN newscaster Nicholas Coleridge president of Conde Nast International and managing director of Conde Nast UK Geordie Greig current editor of The Mail on Sunday Julian Haviland former political editor of ITN and The Times David Jessel BBC current affairs presenter Ludovic Kennedy former ITN newscaster and BBC Panorama presenter James Landale current BBC diplomatic correspondent Charles Moore former editor of The Daily Telegraph Ferdinand Mount former editor of The Spectator John Oaksey former chief ITV and Channel 4 racing commentator David Shukman BBC science editor Corbet Woodall 1960s BBC newsreader Actors Edit Sebastian Armesto Michael Bentine Jeremy Brett Christopher Cazenove Jeremy Child Jeremy Clyde Adetomiwa Edun Harry Hadden Paton Nyasha Hatendi Charles Hawtrey Tom Hiddleston Hugh Laurie Damian Lewis Harry Lloyd Patrick Macnee Ian Ogilvy Julian Ovenden Eddie Redmayne John Standing Moray Watson Dominic West Actor Dominic West has been unenthusiastic about the career benefits of being an Old Etonian saying it is a stigma that is slightly above paedophile in the media in a gallery of infamy 168 but asked whether he would consider sending his own children there said Yes I would It s an extraordinary place It has the facilities and the excellence of teaching and it will find what you re good at and nurture it 169 Music Edit Thomas Arne composer Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt composer and novelist George Butterworth composer John Macleod Campbell Crum priest and hymnwriter Thomas Dunhill composer Victor Hely Hutchinson composer and conductor Frederick Septimus Kelly musician and composer Humphrey Lyttelton jazz trumpeter Hubert Parry writer of the hymn Jerusalem and the coronation anthem I was glad Roger Quilter composer Donald Tovey musicologist Frank Turner musician Atticus Ross musician and film composer Philip Heseltine Anglo Welsh composer and writer pseudonym Peter Warlock Others Edit Charles Edward Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha Nazi SA Obergruppenfuhrer Francis Bertie 1st Viscount Bertie of Thame ambassador Henry Blofeld cricket commentator Beau Brummell dandy Guy Burgess diplomat and spy Julian Byng 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy WWI commander and Governor General of Canada Alan Clark Member of Parliament and author James Colthurst radiologist and friend of Diana Princess of Wales Charles Douglas Home father of Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas Home Ranulph Fiennes explorer Alexander Fiske Harrison bullfighter and author Ivo Graham comedian Bear Grylls adventurer William Inge Dean of St Paul s Cathedral John Maynard Keynes economist Richard Layard economist Oliver Leese WWII commander 8th Army Frederick Stanley Maude WWI commander Stewart Menzies WWII head of MI6 Alexander Nix CEO of Cambridge Analytica Nigel Oakes CEO of Behavioural Dynamics Institute and SCL Group Lawrence Oates Antarctic explorer Derek Parfit philosopher Herbert Plumer 1st Viscount Plumer WWI commander Paul Raison art historian and a Chairman of Christie s Timothy Raison MP and Government minister Henry Rawlinson 1st Baron Rawlinson WWI commander ultimately Commander in Chief India C T Studd cricketer and missionary Justin Welby Archbishop of Canterbury Henry Maitland Wilson World War II commanderThirty seven Old Etonians have been awarded the Victoria Cross the largest number to alumni of any school see List of Victoria Crosses by school Partially filmed at Eton EditHere follows a list of films partially filmed at Eton 170 better source needed Henry VIII and His Six Wives 1972 Aces High 1976 Chariots of Fire 1981 Young Sherlock Holmes 1985 The Fourth Protocol 1987 Inspector Morse Absolute Conviction 1992 TV episode Lovejoy Friends in High Places 1992 TV episode The Secret Garden 1993 The Madness of King George 1994 A Dance to the Music of Time 1997 TV mini series Shakespeare in Love 1998 Mansfield Park 1999 A History of Britain 2000 TV series documentary The Social Network 2010 My Week With Marilyn 2011 The English Game 2020 TV miniseries Controversies EditMain article Eton College controversiesSee also Edit Berkshire portal Schools portalEton and Castle the electoral ward that includes the College Eton Boating Song Eton College Collections Eton mess Eton Montem Eton Racing Boats The Eton Rifles a 1979 song by the Jam Eton Summer Course List of head masters of Eton College List of the oldest schools in the worldNotes Edit a b Eton College Get information about schools GOV UK Retrieved 15 April 2020 Current Fees Eton College Retrieved 5 November 2018 Wells John C 2008 Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 3rd ed Longman ISBN 978 1 4058 8118 0 Welcome to the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Visit Windsor Retrieved 19 March 2021 Nevill p 3 ff Gillett Francesca 31 October 2017 Nine UK schools produce country s most powerful people Evening Standard London Retrieved 19 March 2021 Rae John 18 April 2009 The Old Boys Network The Spectator London Archived from the original on 5 June 2011 Retrieved 30 August 2011 Winchester College in the 21st Century Winchester College Retrieved 9 February 2021 Eton the establishment s choice BBC News 2 September 1998 Retrieved 4 July 2015 Schools Guide 2011 Tatler Guides tatler co uk Archived from the original on 15 July 2012 Retrieved 7 August 2011 Current Fees Eton College Private school fees Retrieved 4 July 2015 a b c Patton Graeme 5 February 2014 Eton College to admit pupils irrespective of family income The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 Retrieved 29 January 2017 a b Society is ashamed of elitism says Eton headmaster The Daily Telegraph London 4 August 2011 Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 Retrieved 29 January 2017 Watts John Henry VI and the Politics of Kingship pp 169 70 quoting Calendar of Patent Rolls 1436 41 pp 454 471 Kinver Church kingswinford org Archived from the original on 25 February 2015 Retrieved 4 July 2015 Hope Charles 7 March 2013 At Eton London Review of Books Retrieved 28 February 2013 Nevill p 5 Nevill p 5 Nevill p 4 Nikolaus Pevsner Buildings of England Buckinghamshire Nikolaus Pevsner op cit p 119 Ploughing Fields of Eton Time New York 27 November 1939 Archived from the original on 8 March 2008 Nevill p 125 Nikolaus Pevsner op cit Extracts from c 20 of A History of Eton College by Maxwell Lyte These rooms contained little besides wooden bedsteads and bureaus Chairs and tables were for the privileged few and the wind whistled through the gaping casements Candlesticks were made by folding the cover of a school book and cutting a hole to receive the candle A servant was supposed to sweep the rooms make beds and light fires but this was all The lower boys had to fetch water from the pump for the seniors They themselves had neither washstands nor basins New boys were tossed in blankets until about 1832 In 1834 the inmates of a workhouse are better fed than the scholars of Eton Boys who could not pay for a private room in the town are said to have undergone privations that would be thought inhuman if inflicted on a galley slave J Stuart Maclure Educational Documents England and Wales 1816 to present day Methuen Young Books 1973 ISBN 978 0 416 78290 5 p 83 Report of Her Majesty s Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Revenues and Management of certain Colleges and Schools and the Studies pursued and Instruction given therein with an Appendix and Evidence vol III evidence Her Majesty s Stationery Office 1864 1 pp 114 116 The Boy s Own Paper Nov 1915 to September 1919 Arthur C Benson Hugh Memoirs of a Brother chapter eight Eton College Site Visit Report Subbrit org uk 28 October 2000 Retrieved 3 September 2011 The racist questions I was asked at Eton BBC News 23 June 2020 Retrieved 23 June 2020 Eton apologises to Nigerian ex student Onyeama for racism BBC News 22 June 2020 Farmer Ben 16 June 2011 Eton and The Ritz on al Qaeda hit list The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 Retrieved 18 June 2011 a b The Arms and Motto Eton College Retrieved 27 August 2019 a b Our Governing Body Eton College 2022 Archived from the original on 13 October 2022 College staff Eton College Retrieved 7 December 2016 Green Francis Kynaston David 2019 Engines of privilege Britain s private school problem London Bloomsbury ISBN 978 1 5266 0127 8 OCLC 1108696740 What is it like at Eton College BBC News 4 July 2005 Retrieved 3 September 2011 Eton appoints Su Wijeratna as first female deputy head BBC News 28 November 2016 Retrieved 10 January 2023 As Boris Johnson Another Prime Minister Who Went to Eton Enters Office its time to end private school privilege The Huffington Post 23 July 2019 Retrieved 23 July 2019 Boris Johnson will be the fifth Eton educated PM since 1945 The Herald Glasgow 23 July 2019 Retrieved 23 July 2019 Moss Paul 12 May 2010 Why has Eton produced so many prime ministers BBC News Retrieved 10 June 2010 MacDonald Alistair 14 May 2010 After Labour Posh is Back in Britain The Wall Street Journal New York David Cameron urges Eton to set up state school BBC News 9 September 2011 Retrieved 16 July 2012 Doward Jamie 26 June 2005 Eton waits for verdict in Harry cheating case The Observer London Eton the establishment s choice BBC News 2 September 1998 Retrieved 3 September 2011 Eton College The Good Schools Guide Archived from the original on 5 May 2011 Retrieved 3 September 2011 Nevill pp 15 23 Registration Eton College Retrieved 2 April 2013 Tatler Schools Guide 2012 Eton College The Tatler 2012 Lyall Sarah 5 March 2000 A Proper British Upbringing Oh Thank You That Hurt The New York Times Retrieved 1 December 2021 In 1999 corporal punishment was finally outlawed in all schools Eton Bids Farewell to Fagging Time New York 26 May 1980 Retrieved 1 December 2021 Eton has decided to drop fagging The practice will be banned as of July 1980 How to Get into Eton College The Tutoress 2021 Retrieved 1 December 2021 until only a few decades ago entrance was determined by being entered on house lists upon birth Young Prince William Takes 1st Step Toward Becoming Old Etonian Chicago Tribune 3 September 1995 Retrieved 12 June 2013 de Bellaigue Christopher August September 2016 Eton and the making of a modern elite 1843 Magazine Retrieved 27 November 2017 The Michaelmas Half Eton College 2008 McConnell p 30 King s Scholarship Awards 13 Eton College Retrieved 26 April 2022 McConnell pp 19 20 McConnell p 177 a b Pevsner op cit Education Eton Bids Farewell to Fagging Time 26 May 1980 Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 Retrieved 24 February 2022 Nevill p 33 1864 Report of Her Majesty s Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Revenues and Management of Certain Colleges and Schools and the Studies Pursued and Instruction Given Therein with an Appendix and Evidence Vol III Evidence Part 1 London Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode p 116 McConnell J D R 1967 Eton How it Works London Faber and Faber p 162 The Eton Suit Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine at British Schoolboy Uniforms Facilities Eton College 2011 Nevill p 6 See e g B J W Hill A Portrait of Eton 1958 and Tim Card Eton Renewed A History of Eton College from 1860 to the Present Day 1994 Departments and Available Qualifications Eton College 2008 McAllister J F O 18 June 2006 A New Kind of Elite Time New York Archived from the original on 7 February 2007 McConnell pp 70 76 The Buildings of England Buckinghamshire Nikolaus Pevsner 1960 work Eton College 2008 Inspection Reports Eton College 2016 Pells Rachel 6 July 2017 State schools outshine Eton in science A levels The Independent London Retrieved 21 August 2021 a b Nevill p 25 1440 Review 1440review com Retrieved 3 February 2023 Societies Eton College 2008 Archived from the original on 27 March 2009 Retrieved 16 August 2009 Long Edouard 10 October 2018 Emoji Expert Jeremy Burge Talks to the Computer Science Society Eton College Eton College Retrieved 25 October 2018 2 Archived 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine Hall Will 16 May 2014 Anthony Horowitz at Eton Literary Society Eton College Retrieved 16 November 2019 Li Vernon Sir John Major inspires new generation of political thinkers Eton College Eton College Retrieved 25 October 2018 Keith Stern CompuWeb 29 February 2008 Ian McKellen s Website Notes on the Eton visit Mckellen com Retrieved 3 September 2011 Professor Kevin Warwick s page Kevinwarwick com 15 September 2009 Archived from the original on 6 June 2011 Retrieved 3 September 2011 Lloyd Webber Foundation Music Scholarship Eton College www etoncollege com Retrieved 25 October 2018 Eton College Society roundup PDF Archived from the original PDF on 27 September 2011 Retrieved 3 September 2011 Brodermann Max 23 May 2011 Macmillan Society Eton College Retrieved 25 October 2018 Alan Yau talks to the Entrepreneurship Society Eton College Eton College 24 September 2018 Retrieved 25 October 2018 a b McConnell p 84 McConnell pp 82 83 McConnell pp 85 89 McConnell p 42 a b McConnell pp 83 84 Cameron defiant over drug claims BBC News 11 February 2007 Retrieved 3 September 2011 a b Nevill p 9 Onyeama Dillibe 1972 Nigger at Eton London Leslie Frewin p 100 ISBN 978 0 85632 003 3 Cheetham Anthony Parfit Derek 1964 Eton Microcosm London Sidgwick amp Jackson OCLC 7396426 Dixon Mark 1985 An Eton Schoolboy s Album London Debrett s p 95 ISBN 978 0 905649 78 8 Doggart Sebastian 26 May 2011 Schools in Sweden can t be beaten corporal punishment around the world The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 McConnell pp 57 58 The best of enemies David Cameron vs Boris Johnson The Independent London 11 August 2011 Retrieved 27 August 2019 Nevill p 35 What Was It Like to Go to School With Prince Harry 18 May 2018 McConnell pp 57 129 137 Patrick Bond and Peter Brown Rating Valuation Principles and Practice 3rd edition 2014 Routledge London and New York at page 271 Welcome to Dorney Lake Dorneylake com Retrieved 3 September 2011 Dunton Larkin 1896 The World and Its People Boston MA Silver Burdett p 41 OCLC 4352850 Fowler s match 1910 Content http www cricinfo com Retrieved 3 September 2011 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a External link in code class cs1 code publisher code help Eton amp Harrow match scorecard 1910 Cricinfo com Archived from the original on 10 August 2008 Retrieved 3 September 2011 Cox Richard W Russell Dave Vamplew Wray 2002 Encyclopedia of British Football London Routledge p 243 ISBN 978 0 7146 5249 8 Danny Penman 10 August 1995 3m lottery cash for Eton sports centre Top school gets exclusive deal The Independent Retrieved 2 August 2010 Eton Thames Valley Athletics Centre Retrieved 18 July 2020 a b c d Dorney Lake London 2012 Dorney Lake co uk Archived from the original on 27 May 2013 Retrieved 31 January 2017 Dorney Lake Leisure Dorney Lake co uk 2013 Archived from the original on 22 June 2013 Cutting Edge A Boy Called Alex TV Episode 2008 IMDb Retrieved 4 July 2015 Cutting Edge Channel4 com 26 May 2009 Retrieved 3 September 2011 Summer 2013 The Farrer Theatre Online Eton College Archived from the original on 22 August 2012 Beside Windsor Time New York 29 June 1931 Archived from the original on 14 February 2008 Eton College Registration with Charity Commission 18 December 2010 Retrieved 21 December 2011 Ranked by total annual income averaged over three years Charity 100 Index Charity Finance April 2008 ISSN 0963 0295 School Fees 2021 2022 Eton College 2021 A touch of Eton in the East End Times Education Supplement London 16 November 2012 Archived from the original on 29 October 2013 Retrieved 11 June 2013 a b LAE named Best Sixth Form in the Country by the Sunday Times London Academy of Excellence 20 November 2015 Retrieved 31 January 2017 London Academy of Excellence Pupil population in 2015 to 2016 Gov UK Retrieved 31 January 2017 How London state schools became the nation s best London Evening Standard 7 August 2012 Retrieved 11 June 2013 Sian Griffiths 11 November 2012 Eton of the East End The Sunday Times London Archived from the original on 12 January 2014 Retrieved 29 January 2017 Eton College sponsors state boarding school The Daily Telegraph London 31 January 2013 Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 Retrieved 11 June 2013 Eton sponsored Holyport College opens as first boarding free school The Guardian 5 September 2014 Retrieved 19 February 2016 Universities Summer School Eton College 2013 Brent Eton Summer School Eton College 2013 Eton Slough Windsor and Heston Independent and State School Partnership Eton College 2013 a b Lawson Alastair 9 March 2005 Eton the Raj and modern India BBC News Retrieved 3 September 2011 a b Jarvis Fund Lecture Welcomes Sir Eric Anderson West Roxbury MA The Roxbury Latin School Archived from the original on 2 October 2011 Retrieved 17 June 2011 Abeysekara Sheshan 7 November 2017 Coats of Arms on the pillars of the Holy Trinity Chapel Trinity College Kandy Respice Finem Trinitycollege lk Retrieved 28 February 2022 Our College S Thomas College Mount Lavinia Profile Bishop s College Foot A E April 1947 The Doon School Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 95 4741 360 JSTOR 41364317 Foot Arthur Edward Who Was Who 1961 1970 London A amp C Black 1979 ISBN 0 7136 2008 0 Headmaster of Eton College visits Doon Dehradun Utterakhand The Doon School 2013 Archived from the original on 6 March 2013 Lawson Alastair 9 March 2005 Eton the Raj and modern India BBC News Retrieved 4 July 2015 Weisman Stephen R 12 November 1985 India s Old School Tie Harrow By The Himalayas The New York Times Retrieved 29 July 2021 India s Eton BBC Retrieved 29 July 2021 Wollaston Sam 29 March 2018 Indian Summer School review five terrible teens are sent to India s equivalent of Eton The Guardian London Dalrymple William 13 August 2005 The lost sub continent The Guardian London Retrieved 4 July 2015 The rise amp rise of Anish Kapoor Inc The Daily Telegraph London 2 April 2010 Archived from the original on 8 December 2013 Retrieved 4 July 2015 The Doon School Grooming Ground For India s Wealthy Kids Forbes 28 October 2013 Retrieved 4 July 2015 Doon of India wants to conquer the globe Times of India 24 October 2010 Retrieved 8 April 2020 Brown Will 19 March 2017 It s a spartan life at the Eton of India The Spectator London Retrieved 13 June 2017 Who is Kwasi Kwarteng Chancellor who won University Challenge BBC News 22 September 2022 Smithers Rebecca 28 August 1999 Eton s reputation takes another knock as its A level ranking plunges The Guardian London Retrieved 4 May 2020 Maley Jacqueline 14 February 2006 45 000 damages for Prince Harry teacher The Guardian London Retrieved 4 May 2020 Specter Francesca 10 January 2018 Lady Amelia Windsor parents Who are the Instagram famous royal s parents Daily Express London Retrieved 4 May 2020 Louis Spencer the Duke of Westminster and many more now Prince Harry is off the market who are our most eligible bachelors The Telegraph London 23 May 2018 Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 Retrieved 4 May 2020 The Prince Prince Michael of Kent Retrieved 3 August 2020 Sutcliffe Tom 11 July 2011 The Earl of Harewood obituary The Guardian London Retrieved 4 May 2020 Silverman Rosa 2 January 2015 I wished I d been sent to state school says Earl Spencer The Telegraph London Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 Retrieved 4 May 2020 Colacello Bob 10 March 2017 How the Earl of Snowdon Turned His Heritage into a Lifestyle Vanity Fair Retrieved 4 May 2020 The Duke of Marlborough obituary The Guardian London 16 October 2014 Retrieved 4 May 2020 Suwannathat Pian Kobkua 16 December 2013 Kings Country and Constitutions Thailand s Political Development 1932 2000 Abingdon Routledge ISBN 978 1 136 85523 8 Eton s royal connection BBC News 2 June 2001 Retrieved 4 May 2020 Sowers Richard 25 February 2014 The Kentucky Derby Preakness and Belmont Stakes A Comprehensive History McFarland ISBN 978 0 7864 7698 5 Sharma Madhusudan 2 June 2001 Eton s royal connection BBC News Retrieved 30 May 2021 Lost one Lion Emperor last seen in the Isle of Dogs The Independent London 26 January 1997 Retrieved 4 May 2020 https en wikipedia org wiki Eustachy Sapieha Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia globe trotting playboy prince obituary The Telegraph London 18 July 2016 Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 Retrieved 4 May 2020 Gray Louise 9 March 2012 Going to Eton is a stigma slightly above paedophile says Dominic West The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 Retrieved 10 March 2012 Farndale Nigel 6 November 2011 Dominic West Old Etonian That was a lifetime ago The Daily Telegraph London Retrieved 5 March 2014 IMDb Most Popular Titles With Location Matching Eton College Eton Berkshire England UK IMDb Retrieved 4 July 2015 References EditNevill Ralph 1911 Floreat Etona Anecdotes and Memories of Eton College London Macmillan OCLC 1347225 McConnell J D R 1967 Eton How It Works London Faber and Faber OCLC 251359076 Term Dates accessed 19 August 2021 Further reading EditCard Tim Eton Established A History from 1440 to 1860 London John Murray 2001 ISBN 978 0 7195 6052 1 Cust Lionel A History of Eton College third edition London 1899 OCLC 960992620 Clutton Brock Arthur 1900 Eton reprint 2015 ed London George Bell and Sons ISBN 9781340998721 Fraser Nick The Importance of Being Eton London Short Books June 2006 ISBN 978 1 904977 53 7 Okwonga Musa 2021 One of Them An Eton College Memoir Unbound ISBN 978 1783529674 Onyeama Dillibe 1972 Nigger at Eton ISBN 978 9782335920 Osborne Richard Music and Musicians of Eton 1440 to the present London Cygnet Press 2012 ISBN 978 0 907435 19 8 Parker Eric Playing Fields School Days at Eton London Philip Allan 1922 OCLC 2528782 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eton College Official website Independent Schools Inspectorate Eton College Mohamad at Eton documentary about Palestinian refugee attending Eton Archived 3 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Ackermann Rudolph Combe William 1816 The History of the Colleges of Winchester Eton and Westminster With the Charter House the Schools of St Paul s Merchant Taylors Harrow and Rugby and the Free school of Christ s Hospital Google Books Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eton College amp oldid 1144925973, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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