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Sable (heraldry)

November 24, 2023

This article is about the heraldic tincture. For other uses, see Sable (disambiguation).

In British heraldry, sable (/ˈseɪbəl/) is the tincture equivalent to black. It is one of the five dark tinctures called colours.

Sable
 
ClassColour
Non-heraldic equivalentBlack
Monochromatic designations
Hatching pattern 
Tricking abbr.s., sa.
Poetic designations
Heavenly bodySaturn
JewelDiamond
VirtueConstancy or Prudence
FlowerNightshade

Sable is portrayed in heraldic hatching by criss-crossing perpendicular lines. Sable is indicated by the abbreviation s. or sa. when a coat of arms is tricked.

Etymology edit

Sable can be traced back to Middle English, Anglo-French, and ultimately to the Middle Low German sabel, which refers to a species of marten known as a sable. This is related to the Middle High German zobel, which is of Slav origin and akin to the Russian sobol', which likewise refers to the sable. Since at least the 14th century, sable has been used as a synonym for the colour black.[1]

Both sable and negro are used for black in Spanish heraldry. In Portugal, black is known as negro, and in Germany the colour is called schwarz.

Poetic meanings edit

The different tinctures are traditionally associated with particular heavenly bodies, precious stones, virtues, and flowers, although these associations have been mostly disregarded by serious heraldists.[2] Sable is associated with:

Sable in Central Europe edit

Sable is considered a colour in British and French heraldry, and contrasts with lighter metals, argent and Or. However, in the heraldry of Germany, Poland and other parts of Central Europe, sable is not infrequently placed on colour fields. As a result, a sable cross may appear on a red shield, or a sable bird may appear on a blue or a red field, as in the arms of Albania.

In Hungary, for example, one can find examples of sable on gules and azure fields as early as the sixteenth century in the arms of the family Kanizsai (granted in 1519): Azure, an eagle's wing sable taloned Or between a decrescent argent and a sun Or.[6][a] Another early Hungarian example was granted in 1628 to the family Karomi Bornemisza: Per fess gules, an eagle displayed sable crowned Or, and azure, a buffalo's head cabossed sable maintaining in its mouth a fish (argent?).[6][b]

Polish examples abound as early as the fifteenth century. Józef Szymański[7] includes no fewer than seven examples of sable primary charges on either gules or azure fields out of the approximately 200 shields from this period whose blazons are known. These include the arms of Corvin, "Azure, a raven sable with a circlet or in its beak"; Kownaty, "Gules, a trumpet sable with a cord or, a Passion cross of the same issuing from its opening"; and Słońce, "Gules, a sphere radiant sable, its centre argent". In addition to the seven major examples, he describes occasional variants for the arms of some rody which also use sable charges on azure or gules fields.

Sable charges on gules fields also appear in the armory used in Lithuania. This is not surprising, since a significant fraction of Lithuania's personal coats of arms are of Polish origin,[8] so there is a certain similarity of style. Among these coats are those of Great Žemaitija: "a black bear with an argent chain on its neck on a field gules".

Gallery edit

  •  

    Arms of Dalziel family of Scotland

  •  

    Arms of the Foljambe family of Walton, Osberton and Aldwark.

  •  

    Coat of arms of Frank II van Borselen.

  •  

    Coat of arms of Hückelhoven, Germany.

  •  

    Coat of arms of François-Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas.

  •  

    Blazon of the Castelyn family of London.

  •  

    The arms of Albania.

  •  

    The historical coat of arms of Samogitia

References edit

  1. ^ "Definition of SABLE".
  2. ^ a b Woodcock, Thomas; Robinson, John Martin (1988). The Oxford Guide to Heraldry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 0-19-211658-4.
  3. ^ Elvin, Charles Norton (1889). A Dictionary of Heraldry. London: Kent. p. 49.
  4. ^ Elvin (1889), p. 113.
  5. ^ Chambers, Ephraim (1728). "Dwal". Cyclopædia, or, an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 1. London. p. 257. at University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries
  6. ^ a b Nyulászi-Straub, Éva (1999). Öt évszázad címerei (Wappen aus fünf Jahrhunderten). Szekszárd: Babits Kiadó. ISBN 963-9015-97-0.
  7. ^ Szymański, Józef (1993). Herbarz: Średniowiecznego Rycerstwa Polskiego. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. ISBN 83-01-09797-3.
  8. ^ Rimša, Edmundas (2005). Heraldry: past to present. Vilnius: Versus Aureus. ISBN 9955-601-73-6.

Notes edit

  1. ^ In the original Hungarian: "álló, csücskös talpú tárcsapajzs kék mezejében, lebegő arany saslábon fekete sasszárny, jobbról ezüst félholdtól, balról nyolcágú arany csillagtól kísérve."
  2. ^ In the original Hungarian: "álló, tojásdad pajzs vágott, felső vörös mezejében jobbra fordult fejű, vágásvonalon álló, koronás fekete sas, az alsó kék mezőben fekete bölényfej, szájában hallall."

External links edit

  •   The dictionary definition of sable at Wiktionary

November 24, 2023
sable, heraldry, this, article, about, heraldic, tincture, other, uses, sable, disambiguation, british, heraldry, sable, tincture, equivalent, black, five, dark, tinctures, called, colours, sable, classcolournon, heraldic, equivalentblackmonochromatic, designa. This article is about the heraldic tincture For other uses see Sable disambiguation In British heraldry sable ˈ s eɪ b el is the tincture equivalent to black It is one of the five dark tinctures called colours Sable ClassColourNon heraldic equivalentBlackMonochromatic designationsHatching pattern Tricking abbr s sa Poetic designationsHeavenly bodySaturnJewelDiamondVirtueConstancy or PrudenceFlowerNightshadeSable is portrayed in heraldic hatching by criss crossing perpendicular lines Sable is indicated by the abbreviation s or sa when a coat of arms is tricked Contents 1 Etymology 2 Poetic meanings 3 Sable in Central Europe 4 Gallery 5 References 5 1 Notes 6 External linksEtymology editSable can be traced back to Middle English Anglo French and ultimately to the Middle Low German sabel which refers to a species of marten known as a sable This is related to the Middle High German zobel which is of Slav origin and akin to the Russian sobol which likewise refers to the sable Since at least the 14th century sable has been used as a synonym for the colour black 1 Both sable and negro are used for black in Spanish heraldry In Portugal black is known as negro and in Germany the colour is called schwarz Poetic meanings editThe different tinctures are traditionally associated with particular heavenly bodies precious stones virtues and flowers although these associations have been mostly disregarded by serious heraldists 2 Sable is associated with Of jewels the diamond 3 Of heavenly bodies Saturn 4 Of virtues constancy or prudence 2 Of flowers the herb nightshade in these circumstances also called dwal 5 Sable in Central Europe editSable is considered a colour in British and French heraldry and contrasts with lighter metals argent and Or However in the heraldry of Germany Poland and other parts of Central Europe sable is not infrequently placed on colour fields As a result a sable cross may appear on a red shield or a sable bird may appear on a blue or a red field as in the arms of Albania In Hungary for example one can find examples of sable on gules and azure fields as early as the sixteenth century in the arms of the family Kanizsai granted in 1519 Azure an eagle s wing sable taloned Or between a decrescent argent and a sun Or 6 a Another early Hungarian example was granted in 1628 to the family Karomi Bornemisza Per fess gules an eagle displayed sable crowned Or and azure a buffalo s head cabossed sable maintaining in its mouth a fish argent 6 b Polish examples abound as early as the fifteenth century Jozef Szymanski 7 includes no fewer than seven examples of sable primary charges on either gules or azure fields out of the approximately 200 shields from this period whose blazons are known These include the arms of Corvin Azure a raven sable with a circlet or in its beak Kownaty Gules a trumpet sable with a cord or a Passion cross of the same issuing from its opening and Slonce Gules a sphere radiant sable its centre argent In addition to the seven major examples he describes occasional variants for the arms of some rody which also use sable charges on azure or gules fields Sable charges on gules fields also appear in the armory used in Lithuania This is not surprising since a significant fraction of Lithuania s personal coats of arms are of Polish origin 8 so there is a certain similarity of style Among these coats are those of Great Zemaitija a black bear with an argent chain on its neck on a field gules Gallery edit nbsp Arms of Dalziel family of Scotland nbsp Arms of the Foljambe family of Walton Osberton and Aldwark nbsp Coat of arms of Frank II van Borselen nbsp Coat of arms of Huckelhoven Germany nbsp Coat of arms of Francois Antoine de Boissy d Anglas nbsp Blazon of the Castelyn family of London nbsp The arms of Albania nbsp The historical coat of arms of SamogitiaReferences edit Definition of SABLE a b Woodcock Thomas Robinson John Martin 1988 The Oxford Guide to Heraldry Oxford Oxford University Press pp 53 54 ISBN 0 19 211658 4 Elvin Charles Norton 1889 A Dictionary of Heraldry London Kent p 49 Elvin 1889 p 113 Chambers Ephraim 1728 Dwal Cyclopaedia or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences Vol 1 London p 257 at University of Wisconsin Madison Libraries a b Nyulaszi Straub Eva 1999 Ot evszazad cimerei Wappen aus funf Jahrhunderten Szekszard Babits Kiado ISBN 963 9015 97 0 Szymanski Jozef 1993 Herbarz Sredniowiecznego Rycerstwa Polskiego Warszawa Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN ISBN 83 01 09797 3 Rimsa Edmundas 2005 Heraldry past to present Vilnius Versus Aureus ISBN 9955 601 73 6 Notes edit In the original Hungarian allo csucskos talpu tarcsapajzs kek mezejeben lebego arany saslabon fekete sasszarny jobbrol ezust felholdtol balrol nyolcagu arany csillagtol kiserve In the original Hungarian allo tojasdad pajzs vagott felso voros mezejeben jobbra fordult feju vagasvonalon allo koronas fekete sas az also kek mezoben fekete bolenyfej szajaban hallall External links edit nbsp The dictionary definition of sable at Wiktionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sable heraldry amp oldid 1184089033, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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