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Thrissur

February 28, 2023

This article is about the city in India. For other uses, see Thrissur (disambiguation).

Thrissur (Malayalam: [t̪r̥iʃːuːr] (listen)), formerly Trichur, also known by its historical name Thrissivaperur, is a city and the headquarters of the Thrissur district in Kerala, India. It is the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala after Kochi and Kozhikode, and the 21st largest in India.[3][4] The city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock called the Thekkinkaadu Maidaanam which seats a large Hindu Shiva Temple. It is located central of the state, and 304 kilometres (189 mi) north-west of the state's capital city, Thiruvananthapuram. Thrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin, and was a point of contact for the Assyrians, Greeks, Persians, Arabs, Romans, Portuguese, Dutch and English.

Thrissur
Trichur, Thrissivaperur
Metropolis
Clockwise from top:
Thrissur city, Metharapolitha Cathedral, Cape of Kodungallur, Athiralpalli waterfalls, Clock tower, Sakthan Thampuran Palace, Vadakkunnathan Temple
Thrissur
Thrissur
Coordinates: 10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52; 76.21Coordinates: 10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52; 76.21
Country India
StateKerala
DistrictThrissur
Government
 • TypeMayor–council government
 • BodyThrissur Municipal Corporation
 • MayorM. K. Varghese (LDF – Independent)
 • Deputy mayorRajasree Gopan (LDF – CPI(M))
 • Police commissionerAadhithya R. IPS
Area
[1]
 • Metropolis101.42 km2 (39.16 sq mi)
Elevation
2.83 m (9.28 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Metropolis315,596
 • Density3,100/km2 (8,100/sq mi)
 • Metro
[2]
1,854,783
Demonym(s)Thrissurkaran (male)
Thrissurkari (female)
Thrissurkar (plural)
Languages
 • OfficialMalayalam, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
680XXX
Telephone codeThrissur: 91-(0)487, Irinjalakuda: 91-(0)480, Wadakkancherry: 91-(0)4884, Kunnamkulam: 91-(0)4885
Vehicle registrationKL-08
Coastline54 kilometres (34 mi)
Literacy97.24%
ImportanceGold capital of India, Cultural capital of Kerala
ClimateAm/Aw (Köppen)
Precipitation3,100 millimetres (120 in)
Avg. summer temperature35 °C (95 °F)
Avg. winter temperature20 °C (68 °F)
Websitehttps://thrissur.nic.in/

Thrissur is also known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history.[5] The city centre contains the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Kerala Lalithakala Akademi and Kerala Sahitya Academy.[6] The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.[7][8] The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan in April or May, in the Malayalam month 'medam'.[5]

Religion is important and varied in Thrissur. The city has historically been a centre of Hindu scholarship, and Christianity, Islam and Judaism are believed to have entered the Indian subcontinent through Thrissur and its surrounding areas. Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including the Vadakkumnathan temple, Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, and Paramekkavu temple. There are three major Catholic churches, the St. Antony's Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane, Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral and Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica, the largest Christian church in India.[9] India's first mosque, Cheraman Juma Masjid, is believed to have been constructed in 629 CE.[10][11][12]

The city is the headquarters of four major scheduled banks, South Indian Bank Ltd, Catholic Syrian Bank, Dhanalakshmi Bank and ESAF Small Finance Bank[13] as well as several chit funds.[14] The city is also a big centre for silks and gold jewellery. Thrissur attracts the largest number of domestic tourists in Kerala.[15]

Apart from being the cultural nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the Kerala Kalamandalam, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sree Kerala Varma College, St Thomas College, Jawahar Bal Bhavan Thrissur, Kerala Institute of Local Administration, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Kerala Police Academy, Police Dog Training Centre, Kerala Fire and Rescue Services Academy, Excise Academy and Research Centre, Government College Of Music And Performing Arts, Government College of Fine Arts, Government Law College, Government Engineering College, Government Medical College and Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College.[16][17][18]

Etymology

The name Thrissur (Malayalam: തൃശൂര്) is a shortened form of the Malayalam word Thirusshivaperoor (തിരുശ്ശിവപ്പേരൂർ, Place of Lord Shiva's Name). The name owes itself to the most prominent feature of the city, that is the Vadakkumnathan Temple, which has Shiva as its presiding deity.[19] Thrissur was known by its anglicised name Trichur until 1990, when the government decided to replace it with its Malayalam name. Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" (Kailasam of the South) in ancient days.[20]

History

Main article: History of Thrissur

The presence of numerous prehistoric megaliths and dolmens indicate that Thrissur has been occupied since at least 1000 BCE to 500 CE.[21][22]

 
Image of main entrance of Vadakkunnathan Temple seen from Swaraj Round from Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway

The Portuguese had naval influence in many parts of Kerala in the 16th century, including Thrissur. In the beginning of the 17th century the Portuguese naval power was reduced and Dutch became the main naval power. With the help of the Dutch, the royal family of the Kingdom of Cochin recaptured Thrissur from the Zamorin of Calicut in 1710.[23]

Thrissur rose to importance after Maharaja Sakthan Thampuran ascended the throne of Kingdom of Cochin (1769–1805) and made Thrissur his capital. The Maharaja made the city into a major financial and commercial hub of South India, by inviting Syrian Christian families and Brahmins from adjoining areas.[23]

During 1750–60 Hyder Ali, the Sultan of the powerful Kingdom of Mysore, conquered Thrissur, making it a tributary of Mysore. In 1786, the son of Tipu Sultan of Mysore led another invasion of Thrissur, but retreated after the Srirangapattanam war.[24] In the meantime, Rama Varma X, the successor of Sakthan Thampuran signed a treaty with the East India Company, transforming the state of Cochin into a British Protectorate.[citation needed]

 
The first known map of Thrissur City with Vadakkunnathan Temple prepared by John Gould in 1816

The Indian independence movement gained momentum after a Committee was formed at the 1919 meeting of the Indian National Congress. The civil disobedience movement attracted many people in Thrissur in subsequent years, and Mahatma Gandhi visited the city in 1927 and 1934 to promote it.[25][26]

R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, the controversial Diwan of Cochin Kingdom from 1935 to 1941, developed the city by constructing Thrissur Town Hall and Ramanilayam, buildings which remain important in Kerala politics. Other important civic buildings and infrastructure constructed around this time include the Municipal Corporation Building of Thrissur and the Swaraj Round.[27][28]

In 1947, when India gained independence from colonial rule, Thrissur was part of the Kingdom of Cochin. Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at the city of Thrissur.

Geography

Main article: Geography of Thrissur
 
The Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands is one of largest, highly productive and threatened wetlands in Kerala. It acts as natural drainage for City of Thrissur.

Thrissur is the headquarters of Thrissur district, in the centre of the Indian state of Kerala. The city is 75 km north-east of Kochi, 133 km south-west of Coimbatore, 124 km south-east of Kozhikode and 151 km north of Changanacherry.[29] The city is located in a hillock called Thekkinkadu Maidan which is the second highest point in city after the Vilangan Hills. The city has an average altitude of 2.83 metres above sea level.[29]

From the hillock, the city gradually flattens into the Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands, which act as a natural drainage for the city. The water from the wetlands flows via rivers into the Laccadive Sea, keeping Thrissur city safe from the major flooding that affects most other cities in Kerala.[30][31][32][33]

The city is located in midland regions of Kerala, with an extended part of Palakkad plains.[34] The city geologically is composed of Archaean gneisses and crystalline schists. Major parts of city is covered by Archaean rocks.[35] The city lies near the centre of the Indian tectonic plate (the Indian Plate) and is subject to comparatively little seismic or volcanic activity.

 
Ponds and canals in Vadakkechira, Thrissur prevent flooding during monsoon season.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, City of Thrissur features a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Summer lasts from March to May which is the hottest time of the year. Summer months are uncomfortable due to higher levels of heat and humidity. Daytime temperatures can rise up to 36 to 38 °C (96.8 to 100.4 °F) coupled with excessive humidity. Summer is followed by the south-west monsoon from June to September. October and November form the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is cooler, and windy, due to winds from the Western Ghats. Winter months are generally dry and less humid compared to other months of the year. Morning temperatures are usually cool and daytime temperatures hover around 30 °C or 86 °F.[36]

The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is approximately 3,100 millimetres or 122 inches. The South-west monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On an average, there are 124 rainy days in a year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 36 °C or 96.8 °F while the minimum temperature recorded is 27 °C or 80.6 °F. The winter season records a maximum average of 31 °C or 87.8 °F and a minimum average of 20 °C or 68 °F.[36]

Climate data for Thrissur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 31
(88) 		32
(90) 		34
(93) 		36
(97) 		35
(95) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		32
(89)
Average low °C (°F) 22
(72) 		22
(72) 		25
(77) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 32
(1.3) 		26
(1.0) 		39
(1.5) 		147
(5.8) 		391
(15.4) 		576
(22.7) 		391
(15.4) 		367
(14.4) 		417
(16.4) 		467
(18.4) 		223
(8.8) 		47
(1.9) 		3,123
(123)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3 3 5 13 17 26 28 24 18 23 13 4 177
Source: [2]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Thrissur

Thrissur is home to many Malayaliee entrepreneurs,[37] and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala.[38] Historians say that King Sakthan Thampuran invited Syrian Christian families and Brahmins to settle in Thrissur city from their business centres in adjoining areas. Soon, Thrissur became a flourishing centre of internal trade in Kerala. Thrissur is one of the major manufacturing centres of plain gold and rolled gold jewellery in South India; up to 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur. There are around 3,000 gold ornaments manufacturing units in the city and 40,000-odd artisans and others work in these units.[39][40] The industry provides direct and indirect employment to 200,000 people in Thrissur.[41][42] The artisans based in these units, craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in Kerala. About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in Kerala for manufacturing of ornaments daily.

 
The Town Hall in Thrissur

According to the Reserve Bank of India, Thrissur has been regarded as a banking town since the 1930s, when 58 banks were headquartered in the city. In the present, the city remains a significant centre for banking and finance, with the headquarters of major banks like South Indian Bank, Catholic Syrian Bank, Dhanalakshmi Bank, and other financial institutions like Manappuram General Finance and Leasing, Kerala State Financial Enterprise and ESAF Small Finance Bank.[43][44][45] Many chit funds, a type of Indian savings and credit system, are located in Thrissur. In 2010, an estimated 3,000 chit fund companies were located in Thrissur, employing approximately 35,000 people.[46][47]

 
South Indian Bank headquarters in Thrissur City

The city is a hub for the Ayurvedic drug-manufacturing industry. Out of the 850 ayurvedic drug-manufacturing companies in Kerala, about 150, including some of the largest in the state like Oushadhi, Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala, KP Namboodiris, are located in and around the city.[48] Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster, another initiative by a group of Ayurvedic manufacturers of Thrissur, has developed a cluster in KINFRA Park in Koratty in Thrissur District.[49][50][51][52]

Retail businesses in Thrissur include Kalyan Group, Jos Alukka & Sons, Joyalukkas and Josco Group.[53] InfoPark Thrissur, the fourth technology park in Kerala, is situated in Thrissur District.[54][55][56] Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Thrissur. Domestic tourists generally use the city as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of the state of Kerala. The city with its temples, old churches and its culture, is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala.[15]

Administration

Main article: Administration of Thrissur
Municipal Corporation Officials
Mayor M K Varghese
Police Commissioner R Adithya IPS
Deputy mayor Rajashree Gopan
Members of Legislative Assembly
Thrissur Assembly Constituency P. Balachandran
Ollur Assembly Constituency K Rajan
Member of Parliament
Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency T. N Prathapan
Main article: Thrissur Municipal Corporation

Thrissur has functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations.[57][58] In 1932, the new corporation building was constructed, and in 1972, several village councils or panchayats were added to the municipality.[57] On 1 October 2000, the municipal town was upgraded to a municipal corporation and took over the towns and villages of Ayyanthole, Koorkkenchery, Nadathara, Vilvattom (part), Ollur and Ollukkara.

The city is administered by the Thrissur Municipal Corporation, headed by a mayor and comprising three legislative assemblies Thrissur, Ollur and Cherpu.[59] For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 52 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years.

It is the second-largest city corporation in the state of Kerala in India. The corporation, headquartered in the city of Thrissur proper, directly controls power, water supply and solid waste management system in the city.[57][60] The Thrissur Urban Development Authority and Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) are the agencies that prepare development plan for the city.[61][62][63][64]

Police services

The city is the headquarters of Thrissur City Police and Thrissur Rural Police. The Thrissur City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. The city is divided into three sub divisions, Thrissur, Ollur and Guruvayur. It also operates 14 police stations, including a woman police station and a traffic police station.[65][66][67]

The Thrissur City Police Commissionerate operates out of the erst-while District Armed Police headquarters at Ramavarmapuram. The Thrissur Rural Police has its headquarters at the District Collectorate complex at Ayyanthole. The city is also the headquarters of Inspector General of Police, Thrissur Range, which looks after the law and order of Thrissur District, Palakkad District and Malappuram district. All the Superintendent of Police of these three districts come under his jurisdiction. The city also contains the Kerala Police Academy,[68] Central Prison, Viyyur,[69] Police Dog Training Centre and Excise Academy and Research Centre. Indian Reserve Battalion, new commando unit of Kerala Police is headquartered in Ramavarmapuram.[70] Border Security Force (148 battalion) have its first centre in Kerala in Thrissur only.[71][72]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1941 57,500—    
1951 69,500+20.9%
1961 73,000+5.0%
1971 76,200+4.4%
1981 77,900+2.2%
1991 74,600−4.2%
2001 317,526+325.6%
2011 315,957−0.5%
Source: [73]

As of 2011 India census, Thrissur city had a population of 315,957.[73] Males constitute 48.2% and females constitute 51.8% of the total population numbering 152,296 and 163,661 respectively.[73] The density of population is 3,130/km2. The sex ratio is 1,092/1,000 male. The total number of the households in the city is 66,827. The average family size in the city is 4.27 members. The city has a slum population equivalent to 0.30% of the total city population and 0.37% of the Kerala's slum population. The city has an average literacy rate of 95.5%: male literacy rate is 97% whereas female literacy rate is 94.6%.

Hindus constitute the majority with 58.42% of the population Christians constitute 24.27% of the population Muslims constitute 17.07% of the population in Thrissur.[74]

Politics

Main article: Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency

Thrissur has played a significant part in the political history of South India. Thrissur City administration is carried out by Municipal Corporation of Thrissur. MK.Varghese (LDF) is the Mayor of Thrissur Municipal Corporation. The city of Thrissur is represented in the Kerala State Assembly by two elected members, one from Thrissur Assembly Constituency and another from Ollur Assembly Constituency. As of 2021, P. Balachandran is the representative of Thrissur Assembly Constituency and K. Rajan from Ollur Assembly Constituency.

Thrissur city is also a part of the Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, once every five years. The current MP is T. N. Prathapan of the Indian National Congress. The Lok Sabha seat has primarily been held by the Indian National Congress (seven terms since 1951) and the Communist Party of India (ten terms since 1957).

Culture

 
Asia's tallest church, the Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica is situated in the middle of Thrissur city

Festivals

 
Kerala Sahitya Academy building in Thrissur

Thrissur is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala, the city enjoys a thriving cultural tradition dating back to centuries. Thrissur Pooram, the largest pooram in Kerala, is sometimes referred to as 'the pooram of all poorams'. It is celebrated every year in the month of Medam (mid-April to mid-may) as per the Malayalam calendar. For thirty-six hours, the city plays host to a large gathering of people and elephants.[75][76][77][78]

Puli Kali, also known as Kavakali, is another festival, which attracts thousands of people to the city. It is performed by trained artists to entertain people on the occasion of Onam, an annual harvest festival, celebrated mainly in Kerala.[79][80] Buon Natale is the cultural festival conducting at Swaraj Round with Christmas celebration. Buon Natale procession entered the Guinness World Records in 2014 for having the maximum number of people dressed up as Santa Claus. Other important festivals celebrated in the city include Christmas, Onam, Diwali, Easter, Eid and Vishu.

Elephants play a major part in many of the city's festivals.[81][82] Aanayoottu (feeding of elephants), held in Vadakkunnathan Temple in the City annually, is the world's largest elephant feeding ceremony. The ceremony is conducted on the first day of the Malayalam month of Karkidakam.[83][84][85]

Literature

Literary lineage of city dates back to early history of Kerala but it came to prominence after Kerala Government set up Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi, Kerala Sahitya Academy, Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy and College of Fine Arts, Thrissur for promoting literature, music and arts in Kerala. After the Indian Independence, Thrissur became the literary capital of Kerala as turned to the playground of novelist, poets and orators. In 1952 when Current Books set its first shop in Thrissur by former education Minister Professor Joseph Mundassery, it become the abode of writer's like O. V. Vijayan, Kovilan, V. K. N., Uroob, Edasseri Govindan Nair, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, K. G. Sankara Pillai and Sarah Joseph. The area was later known as Current Moola ("Current Corner").[86] The building that housed the Current Books bookshop was demolished in 2011.[87]

Thrissur is home to prominent Malayalam literary figures like Kovilan, Kunhunni Mash, Sukumar Azhikode, K. Satchidanandan, Mullanezhi, Sarah Joseph, Attoor Ravi Varma, Lalitha Lenin, P. Bhaskaran, Joseph Mundassery.[88]

Religious buildings

 
One of the four Vadakumnathan Temple Gates, inside the Swaraj Maidan
 
Cheraman Juma Mosque, said to be the oldest mosque in India
For more, see Places of worship in Thrissur.

The Vadakkunnathan temple, believed to have been founded by the legendary saint Parasurama, is an example of the Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines and murals delineating graphically, various episodes from the Mahabharata. Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, one of the largest Sree Krishna temples in Kerala and Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple which is one of the largest Bagavathi temples in Kerala is also situated in the city. Aykunnu Pandavagiri Devi Temple is situated at Venginisseri village, that around 9 km from city center. Sree Guruvayurappan Temple is located in Guruvayur (28 km from Thrissur); it is also referred to as Bhuloka Vaikunta which means "Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth".

Asia's tallest church, the Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica (Puthan Pally), Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral which has an underground shrine, Saint Antony's Syro-Malabar Church, Ollur which has been called as Chinna Roma (Small Rome) are masterpieces of architecture and indigenous paintings. Saint Euphrasia's tomb and museum also situated in the city. St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur (28 km from Thrissur) is the first church in India , and Thomas the Apostle performed the first baptism in India here.

The Chettiyangadi Hanafi Mosque in Thrissur City is one of the oldest mosque in Thrissur. Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kodungallur, (40 km from Thrissur) is the first mosque in India.

Cuisine

The cuisine of Thrissur is linked to its history, geography, demography and culture. Rice is the staple food. Achappam, Kuzhalappam, Vatteppam, Unniyappam and Pazham Pori are common snacks. Vellayappam, a kind of rice hopper is another dish which is special to the city, there have a food street named vellayappam angadi.

Education

 
Government Engineering College, Thrissur
See also: List of colleges and universities in Thrissur district

Thrissur, which has been a centre of learning from ancient times, is developing as a modern education hub.[89][90] Schools in city are either run publicly by the Kerala Government or privately, some with financial aid from the Government. Education is generally conducted in English or Malayalam, with the former being the majority. Most schools are affiliated with the Kerala State Education Board or Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) or the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) or the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) or the Montessori system.[91][92] There are 93 lower primary schools; 34 upper primary schools;[93][94] and 78 high schools;[95] and 157[96] higher secondary schools in the city.

Healthcare

Main article: Hospitals in Thrissur

The city serves as a centre for healthcare in Central Kerala, with people from Thrissur District, Palakkad District, Malappuram District and the northern part of Ernakulam District coming to Thrissur for medical care. There are three medical colleges in the city: Government Medical College, Thrissur, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute. The Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College also situated in city.

Sports

 
V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium in Thrissur city
Main article: Football in Thrissur

Football is the most popular sport in the city, and there are two football stadiums in the city, Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium and Thope Stadium.Largest and Highest Temporary Stadium in the World as per GUINNESS BOOK OF WORLD RECORDS built in Trichur corporation ground in 1990 for the occasion of Federaion Cup fotball tournament,which was designed by Er.T.J.ANTONY. International players and former Indian captains C. V. Pappachan, I. M. Vijayan and Jo Paul Ancheri, the young Under 17 World Cup player K. P. Rahul belongs to Thrissur. The N.I. David Memorial Trophy, an annual inter-club football tournament is held in Thrissur every year. The football championship was started in 1996 by the then Superintendent of Police, Thrissur.[97][98][99][100][101] The city has a floodlit stadium, known as Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium.[102] It also has two indoor stadiums, V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium and a Sports Authority of India (SAI) maintained Thrissur Aquatic Complex with international facilities. Thrissur has contributed many national and international bodybuilding stars to India.[102] Chess prodigy Nihal Sarin is from Thrissur.

Media

The first Malayalam newspaper which published from Thrissur was Lokamanyan in 1920. Then came Deenabandhu edited by V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan. Ezhuthachan started publishing as a weekly in 1941 from Thrissur. It was one of the first periodicals that supported the national movement. As soon as the Quit India movement was started, its editor and staff were sent to jail and publications were banned.[103] Later Lokamanyan (1920); Kerala Chintamani (1905); Kerala Kesari (1924); Mahatma (1930); Gomathy (1930) and Navajeevan of Joseph Mundassery was also published from Thrissur.[104][105][106] The Express started in 1944 from Thrissur with K Krishanan as the editor is known in Central Kerala for its nationalist and socialist views.[103] Major Malayalam newspapers published in Thrissur include Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Madhyamam, Deepika, Kerala Kaumudi, Deshabhimani, Mangalam, Veekshanam, Metro Vaartha and Janayugom. A number of evening papers, like General in Malayalam and City Journal in English, are also published from the city. Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are also available in city.

The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur by Jose Kattookkaran in 1907. In 1913, the first electrically operated film projector was established in city again by Jose Kattookkaran and was called the Jose Electrical Bioscope now known as Jose Theatre.[107][108][109]

A film festival, known as ViBGYOR Film Festival, is held in the city every year. It is an international short and documentary film festival. Telephony services are provided by various players like Aircel, Airtel, Idea cellular, Vodafone, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Docomo, MTS, Uninor, Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL. BSNL is also offering 3G services in Thrissur.[110] The city also have Broadband wireless services on WiMAX platform.[111][112]

Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur are Club FM 104.8 MHz, Radio Mango 91.9  MHz,[113] BEST FM 95 by (Asianet Communications Limited), Red FM 91.1 MHz.[114] All India Radio has an AM (630 kHz) and an FM (101.1 MHz) station for the city.[115] The transmitter of the All India Radio (630 kHz) was commissioned on 4 November 1956. The station started independent broadcasting in 1974.[116][117] Thrissur has a Doordarshan studio with a low power transmitter located near the studio.[118][119][120]

Transport

 
Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur, is the largest private bus station in Kerala State.
 
Thrissur railway station
 
Schematic Road network map of Thrissur City
Main article: Transport in Thrissur

Road

The city is connected to the North-South Corridor National Highway (India) via the four-lane National Highway 544, previously NH 47.[121] The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such of Kochi, Palakkad and Coimbatore. NH 544 provides two main exit points at Mannuthy and Thalore which is bypass to the Thrissur city.

The city is largely dependent on private buses, taxis and auto rickshaws for public transport. A transit terminal was announced for Puzhakkal in 2013.[122] Land was transferred to the Thissur Mobility Hub Society on a 99-year lease in 2015.[123]

State-owned Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) runs inter-state, inter-district and city services. Thrissur has three bus stations, the Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur in Sakthan Thampuran Nagar, Vadakke Stand (Northern Bus Stand) and the Thrissur KSRTC Bus Station near the Thrissur railway station. State Highway (SH 69) Thrissur-Kuttippuram Road, SH 22 Kodungallur – Shornur Road, SH 75 Thrissur – Kanjani – Vadanappally Road are the three state highways which connect city with its suburbs and municipalities.

Railway

The Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways operates the main rail transport system in Thrissur. There are four railway stations in Thrissur city. Thrissur railway station, one of the four A+ railway station in Kerala provides trains to three directions and lies on the busy Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section. It has a satellite station, Punkunnam railway station[124] and two minor stations, Ollur railway station and Mulankunnathukavu railway station. Thrissur railway station also connects to the temple town of Guruvayur by Guruvayur–Thrissur spur line. In addition, Southern Railway is running a suburban railway system connecting Thrissur to Kochi and Palakkad using Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit services (MEMU).[125][126][127]

Picture gallery

See also

References

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Further reading

External links

 
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  • Government Portal for The Thrissur City
  • Government Portal for the district of Thrissur

February 28, 2023
thrissur, this, article, about, city, india, other, uses, disambiguation, malayalam, iʃːuːr, listen, formerly, trichur, also, known, historical, name, thrissivaperur, city, headquarters, district, kerala, india, third, largest, urban, agglomeration, kerala, af. This article is about the city in India For other uses see Thrissur disambiguation Thrissur Malayalam t r iʃːuːr listen formerly Trichur also known by its historical name Thrissivaperur is a city and the headquarters of the Thrissur district in Kerala India It is the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala after Kochi and Kozhikode and the 21st largest in India 3 4 The city is built around a 65 acre 26 ha hillock called the Thekkinkaadu Maidaanam which seats a large Hindu Shiva Temple It is located central of the state and 304 kilometres 189 mi north west of the state s capital city Thiruvananthapuram Thrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin and was a point of contact for the Assyrians Greeks Persians Arabs Romans Portuguese Dutch and English Thrissur Trichur ThrissivaperurMetropolisClockwise from top Thrissur city Metharapolitha Cathedral Cape of Kodungallur Athiralpalli waterfalls Clock tower Sakthan Thampuran Palace Vadakkunnathan TempleThrissurShow map of KeralaThrissurShow map of IndiaCoordinates 10 31 N 76 13 E 10 52 N 76 21 E 10 52 76 21 Coordinates 10 31 N 76 13 E 10 52 N 76 21 E 10 52 76 21Country IndiaStateKeralaDistrictThrissurGovernment TypeMayor council government BodyThrissur Municipal Corporation MayorM K Varghese LDF Independent Deputy mayorRajasree Gopan LDF CPI M Police commissionerAadhithya R IPSArea 1 Metropolis101 42 km2 39 16 sq mi Elevation2 83 m 9 28 ft Population 2011 2 Metropolis315 596 Density3 100 km2 8 100 sq mi Metro 2 1 854 783Demonym s Thrissurkaran male Thrissurkari female Thrissurkar plural Languages OfficialMalayalam EnglishTime zoneUTC 5 30 IST PIN680XXXTelephone codeThrissur 91 0 487 Irinjalakuda 91 0 480 Wadakkancherry 91 0 4884 Kunnamkulam 91 0 4885Vehicle registrationKL 08Coastline54 kilometres 34 mi Literacy97 24 ImportanceGold capital of India Cultural capital of KeralaClimateAm Aw Koppen Precipitation3 100 millimetres 120 in Avg summer temperature35 C 95 F Avg winter temperature20 C 68 F Websitehttps thrissur nic in Thrissur is also known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala because of its cultural spiritual and religious leanings throughout history 5 The city centre contains the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy Kerala Lalithakala Akademi and Kerala Sahitya Academy 6 The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala 7 8 The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan in April or May in the Malayalam month medam 5 Religion is important and varied in Thrissur The city has historically been a centre of Hindu scholarship and Christianity Islam and Judaism are believed to have entered the Indian subcontinent through Thrissur and its surrounding areas Thrissur has a large number of well known temples including the Vadakkumnathan temple Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple and Paramekkavu temple There are three major Catholic churches the St Antony s Syro Malabar Catholic Forane Our Lady of Lourdes Syro Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral and Our Lady of Dolours Syro Malabar Catholic Basilica the largest Christian church in India 9 India s first mosque Cheraman Juma Masjid is believed to have been constructed in 629 CE 10 11 12 The city is the headquarters of four major scheduled banks South Indian Bank Ltd Catholic Syrian Bank Dhanalakshmi Bank and ESAF Small Finance Bank 13 as well as several chit funds 14 The city is also a big centre for silks and gold jewellery Thrissur attracts the largest number of domestic tourists in Kerala 15 Apart from being the cultural nerve centre of Kerala it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the Kerala Kalamandalam Kerala Agricultural University Kerala University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sree Kerala Varma College St Thomas College Jawahar Bal Bhavan Thrissur Kerala Institute of Local Administration Kerala Forest Research Institute Kerala Police Academy Police Dog Training Centre Kerala Fire and Rescue Services Academy Excise Academy and Research Centre Government College Of Music And Performing Arts Government College of Fine Arts Government Law College Government Engineering College Government Medical College and Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College 16 17 18 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography 3 1 Climate 4 Economy 5 Administration 5 1 Police services 6 Demographics 7 Politics 8 Culture 8 1 Festivals 8 2 Literature 8 3 Religious buildings 8 4 Cuisine 9 Education 10 Healthcare 11 Sports 12 Media 13 Transport 13 1 Road 13 2 Railway 14 Picture gallery 15 See also 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External linksEtymology EditThe name Thrissur Malayalam ത ശ ര is a shortened form of the Malayalam word Thirusshivaperoor ത ര ശ ശ വപ പ ര ർ Place of Lord Shiva s Name The name owes itself to the most prominent feature of the city that is the Vadakkumnathan Temple which has Shiva as its presiding deity 19 Thrissur was known by its anglicised name Trichur until 1990 when the government decided to replace it with its Malayalam name Thrissur was also known as Vrishabhadripuram Kailasam of the South in ancient days 20 History EditMain article History of Thrissur The presence of numerous prehistoric megaliths and dolmens indicate that Thrissur has been occupied since at least 1000 BCE to 500 CE 21 22 Image of main entrance of Vadakkunnathan Temple seen from Swaraj Round from Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway The Portuguese had naval influence in many parts of Kerala in the 16th century including Thrissur In the beginning of the 17th century the Portuguese naval power was reduced and Dutch became the main naval power With the help of the Dutch the royal family of the Kingdom of Cochin recaptured Thrissur from the Zamorin of Calicut in 1710 23 Thrissur rose to importance after Maharaja Sakthan Thampuran ascended the throne of Kingdom of Cochin 1769 1805 and made Thrissur his capital The Maharaja made the city into a major financial and commercial hub of South India by inviting Syrian Christian families and Brahmins from adjoining areas 23 During 1750 60 Hyder Ali the Sultan of the powerful Kingdom of Mysore conquered Thrissur making it a tributary of Mysore In 1786 the son of Tipu Sultan of Mysore led another invasion of Thrissur but retreated after the Srirangapattanam war 24 In the meantime Rama Varma X the successor of Sakthan Thampuran signed a treaty with the East India Company transforming the state of Cochin into a British Protectorate citation needed The first known map of Thrissur City with Vadakkunnathan Temple prepared by John Gould in 1816 The Indian independence movement gained momentum after a Committee was formed at the 1919 meeting of the Indian National Congress The civil disobedience movement attracted many people in Thrissur in subsequent years and Mahatma Gandhi visited the city in 1927 and 1934 to promote it 25 26 R K Shanmukham Chetty the controversial Diwan of Cochin Kingdom from 1935 to 1941 developed the city by constructing Thrissur Town Hall and Ramanilayam buildings which remain important in Kerala politics Other important civic buildings and infrastructure constructed around this time include the Municipal Corporation Building of Thrissur and the Swaraj Round 27 28 In 1947 when India gained independence from colonial rule Thrissur was part of the Kingdom of Cochin Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949 with the headquarters at the city of Thrissur Geography EditMain article Geography of Thrissur The Thrissur Ponnani Kole Wetlands is one of largest highly productive and threatened wetlands in Kerala It acts as natural drainage for City of Thrissur Thrissur is the headquarters of Thrissur district in the centre of the Indian state of Kerala The city is 75 km north east of Kochi 133 km south west of Coimbatore 124 km south east of Kozhikode and 151 km north of Changanacherry 29 The city is located in a hillock called Thekkinkadu Maidan which is the second highest point in city after the Vilangan Hills The city has an average altitude of 2 83 metres above sea level 29 From the hillock the city gradually flattens into the Thrissur Ponnani Kole Wetlands which act as a natural drainage for the city The water from the wetlands flows via rivers into the Laccadive Sea keeping Thrissur city safe from the major flooding that affects most other cities in Kerala 30 31 32 33 The city is located in midland regions of Kerala with an extended part of Palakkad plains 34 The city geologically is composed of Archaean gneisses and crystalline schists Major parts of city is covered by Archaean rocks 35 The city lies near the centre of the Indian tectonic plate the Indian Plate and is subject to comparatively little seismic or volcanic activity Ponds and canals in Vadakkechira Thrissur prevent flooding during monsoon season Climate Edit Under the Koppen climate classification City of Thrissur features a tropical monsoon climate Am Summer lasts from March to May which is the hottest time of the year Summer months are uncomfortable due to higher levels of heat and humidity Daytime temperatures can rise up to 36 to 38 C 96 8 to 100 4 F coupled with excessive humidity Summer is followed by the south west monsoon from June to September October and November form the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season Winter from December through February is cooler and windy due to winds from the Western Ghats Winter months are generally dry and less humid compared to other months of the year Morning temperatures are usually cool and daytime temperatures hover around 30 C or 86 F 36 The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers The average annual rainfall is approximately 3 100 millimetres or 122 inches The South west monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May After July the rainfall decreases On an average there are 124 rainy days in a year The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 36 C or 96 8 F while the minimum temperature recorded is 27 C or 80 6 F The winter season records a maximum average of 31 C or 87 8 F and a minimum average of 20 C or 68 F 36 Climate data for ThrissurMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage high C F 31 88 32 90 34 93 36 97 35 95 30 86 29 84 30 86 30 86 30 86 31 88 31 88 32 89 Average low C F 22 72 22 72 25 77 27 81 27 81 24 75 23 73 23 73 24 75 24 75 23 73 23 73 24 75 Average rainfall mm inches 32 1 3 26 1 0 39 1 5 147 5 8 391 15 4 576 22 7 391 15 4 367 14 4 417 16 4 467 18 4 223 8 8 47 1 9 3 123 123 Average rainy days 0 1 mm 3 3 5 13 17 26 28 24 18 23 13 4 177Source 2 Economy EditMain article Economy of Thrissur Thrissur is home to many Malayaliee entrepreneurs 37 and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala 38 Historians say that King Sakthan Thampuran invited Syrian Christian families and Brahmins to settle in Thrissur city from their business centres in adjoining areas Soon Thrissur became a flourishing centre of internal trade in Kerala Thrissur is one of the major manufacturing centres of plain gold and rolled gold jewellery in South India up to 70 of Kerala s jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur There are around 3 000 gold ornaments manufacturing units in the city and 40 000 odd artisans and others work in these units 39 40 The industry provides direct and indirect employment to 200 000 people in Thrissur 41 42 The artisans based in these units craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in Kerala About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in Kerala for manufacturing of ornaments daily The Town Hall in Thrissur According to the Reserve Bank of India Thrissur has been regarded as a banking town since the 1930s when 58 banks were headquartered in the city In the present the city remains a significant centre for banking and finance with the headquarters of major banks like South Indian Bank Catholic Syrian Bank Dhanalakshmi Bank and other financial institutions like Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Kerala State Financial Enterprise and ESAF Small Finance Bank 43 44 45 Many chit funds a type of Indian savings and credit system are located in Thrissur In 2010 an estimated 3 000 chit fund companies were located in Thrissur employing approximately 35 000 people 46 47 South Indian Bank headquarters in Thrissur City The city is a hub for the Ayurvedic drug manufacturing industry Out of the 850 ayurvedic drug manufacturing companies in Kerala about 150 including some of the largest in the state like Oushadhi Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala KP Namboodiris are located in and around the city 48 Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster another initiative by a group of Ayurvedic manufacturers of Thrissur has developed a cluster in KINFRA Park in Koratty in Thrissur District 49 50 51 52 Retail businesses in Thrissur include Kalyan Group Jos Alukka amp Sons Joyalukkas and Josco Group 53 InfoPark Thrissur the fourth technology park in Kerala is situated in Thrissur District 54 55 56 Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Thrissur Domestic tourists generally use the city as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of the state of Kerala The city with its temples old churches and its culture is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala 15 Administration EditMain article Administration of Thrissur Municipal Corporation OfficialsMayor M K VarghesePolice Commissioner R Adithya IPSDeputy mayor Rajashree GopanMembers of Legislative AssemblyThrissur Assembly Constituency P BalachandranOllur Assembly Constituency K RajanMember of ParliamentThrissur Lok Sabha constituency T N PrathapanMain article Thrissur Municipal Corporation Municipal Corporation Building Thrissur seen from M O Road Thrissur has functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations 57 58 In 1932 the new corporation building was constructed and in 1972 several village councils or panchayats were added to the municipality 57 On 1 October 2000 the municipal town was upgraded to a municipal corporation and took over the towns and villages of Ayyanthole Koorkkenchery Nadathara Vilvattom part Ollur and Ollukkara The city is administered by the Thrissur Municipal Corporation headed by a mayor and comprising three legislative assemblies Thrissur Ollur and Cherpu 59 For administrative purposes the city is divided into 52 wards from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years It is the second largest city corporation in the state of Kerala in India The corporation headquartered in the city of Thrissur proper directly controls power water supply and solid waste management system in the city 57 60 The Thrissur Urban Development Authority and Town and Country Planning Department TCPD are the agencies that prepare development plan for the city 61 62 63 64 Police services Edit The city is the headquarters of Thrissur City Police and Thrissur Rural Police The Thrissur City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner an Indian Police Service IPS officer The city is divided into three sub divisions Thrissur Ollur and Guruvayur It also operates 14 police stations including a woman police station and a traffic police station 65 66 67 The Thrissur City Police Commissionerate operates out of the erst while District Armed Police headquarters at Ramavarmapuram The Thrissur Rural Police has its headquarters at the District Collectorate complex at Ayyanthole The city is also the headquarters of Inspector General of Police Thrissur Range which looks after the law and order of Thrissur District Palakkad District and Malappuram district All the Superintendent of Police of these three districts come under his jurisdiction The city also contains the Kerala Police Academy 68 Central Prison Viyyur 69 Police Dog Training Centre and Excise Academy and Research Centre Indian Reserve Battalion new commando unit of Kerala Police is headquartered in Ramavarmapuram 70 Border Security Force 148 battalion have its first centre in Kerala in Thrissur only 71 72 Demographics EditHistorical populationYearPop 194157 500 195169 500 20 9 196173 000 5 0 197176 200 4 4 198177 900 2 2 199174 600 4 2 2001317 526 325 6 2011315 957 0 5 Source 73 As of 2011 update India census Thrissur city had a population of 315 957 73 Males constitute 48 2 and females constitute 51 8 of the total population numbering 152 296 and 163 661 respectively 73 The density of population is 3 130 km2 The sex ratio is 1 092 1 000 male The total number of the households in the city is 66 827 The average family size in the city is 4 27 members The city has a slum population equivalent to 0 30 of the total city population and 0 37 of the Kerala s slum population The city has an average literacy rate of 95 5 male literacy rate is 97 whereas female literacy rate is 94 6 Hindus constitute the majority with 58 42 of the population Christians constitute 24 27 of the population Muslims constitute 17 07 of the population in Thrissur 74 Politics EditMain article Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency Thrissur has played a significant part in the political history of South India Thrissur City administration is carried out by Municipal Corporation of Thrissur MK Varghese LDF is the Mayor of Thrissur Municipal Corporation The city of Thrissur is represented in the Kerala State Assembly by two elected members one from Thrissur Assembly Constituency and another from Ollur Assembly Constituency As of 2021 update P Balachandran is the representative of Thrissur Assembly Constituency and K Rajan from Ollur Assembly Constituency Thrissur city is also a part of the Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha the lower house of the Parliament of India once every five years The current MP is T N Prathapan of the Indian National Congress The Lok Sabha seat has primarily been held by the Indian National Congress seven terms since 1951 and the Communist Party of India ten terms since 1957 Culture Edit Asia s tallest church the Our Lady of Dolours Syro Malabar Catholic Basilica is situated in the middle of Thrissur city Festivals Edit Kerala Sahitya Academy building in Thrissur Thrissur is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala the city enjoys a thriving cultural tradition dating back to centuries Thrissur Pooram the largest pooram in Kerala is sometimes referred to as the pooram of all poorams It is celebrated every year in the month of Medam mid April to mid may as per the Malayalam calendar For thirty six hours the city plays host to a large gathering of people and elephants 75 76 77 78 Puli Kali also known as Kavakali is another festival which attracts thousands of people to the city It is performed by trained artists to entertain people on the occasion of Onam an annual harvest festival celebrated mainly in Kerala 79 80 Buon Natale is the cultural festival conducting at Swaraj Round with Christmas celebration Buon Natale procession entered the Guinness World Records in 2014 for having the maximum number of people dressed up as Santa Claus Other important festivals celebrated in the city include Christmas Onam Diwali Easter Eid and Vishu Elephants play a major part in many of the city s festivals 81 82 Aanayoottu feeding of elephants held in Vadakkunnathan Temple in the City annually is the world s largest elephant feeding ceremony The ceremony is conducted on the first day of the Malayalam month of Karkidakam 83 84 85 Literature Edit Literary lineage of city dates back to early history of Kerala but it came to prominence after Kerala Government set up Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi Kerala Sahitya Academy Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy and College of Fine Arts Thrissur for promoting literature music and arts in Kerala After the Indian Independence Thrissur became the literary capital of Kerala as turned to the playground of novelist poets and orators In 1952 when Current Books set its first shop in Thrissur by former education Minister Professor Joseph Mundassery it become the abode of writer s like O V Vijayan Kovilan V K N Uroob Edasseri Govindan Nair M T Vasudevan Nair K G Sankara Pillai and Sarah Joseph The area was later known as Current Moola Current Corner 86 The building that housed the Current Books bookshop was demolished in 2011 87 Thrissur is home to prominent Malayalam literary figures like Kovilan Kunhunni Mash Sukumar Azhikode K Satchidanandan Mullanezhi Sarah Joseph Attoor Ravi Varma Lalitha Lenin P Bhaskaran Joseph Mundassery 88 Religious buildings Edit One of the four Vadakumnathan Temple Gates inside the Swaraj Maidan Cheraman Juma Mosque said to be the oldest mosque in India For more see Places of worship in Thrissur The Vadakkunnathan temple believed to have been founded by the legendary saint Parasurama is an example of the Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines and murals delineating graphically various episodes from the Mahabharata Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple one of the largest Sree Krishna temples in Kerala and Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple which is one of the largest Bagavathi temples in Kerala is also situated in the city Aykunnu Pandavagiri Devi Temple is situated at Venginisseri village that around 9 km from city center Sree Guruvayurappan Temple is located in Guruvayur 28 km from Thrissur it is also referred to as Bhuloka Vaikunta which means Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth Asia s tallest church the Our Lady of Dolours Syro Malabar Catholic Basilica Puthan Pally Our Lady of Lourdes Syro Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral which has an underground shrine Saint Antony s Syro Malabar Church Ollur which has been called as Chinna Roma Small Rome are masterpieces of architecture and indigenous paintings Saint Euphrasia s tomb and museum also situated in the city St Thomas Syro Malabar Church Palayur 28 km from Thrissur is the first church in India and Thomas the Apostle performed the first baptism in India here The Chettiyangadi Hanafi Mosque in Thrissur City is one of the oldest mosque in Thrissur Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kodungallur 40 km from Thrissur is the first mosque in India Cuisine Edit The cuisine of Thrissur is linked to its history geography demography and culture Rice is the staple food Achappam Kuzhalappam Vatteppam Unniyappam and Pazham Pori are common snacks Vellayappam a kind of rice hopper is another dish which is special to the city there have a food street named vellayappam angadi Education Edit Government Engineering College ThrissurSee also List of colleges and universities in Thrissur district Thrissur which has been a centre of learning from ancient times is developing as a modern education hub 89 90 Schools in city are either run publicly by the Kerala Government or privately some with financial aid from the Government Education is generally conducted in English or Malayalam with the former being the majority Most schools are affiliated with the Kerala State Education Board or Indian Certificate of Secondary Education ICSE or the Central Board for Secondary Education CBSE or the National Institute of Open Schooling NIOS or the Montessori system 91 92 There are 93 lower primary schools 34 upper primary schools 93 94 and 78 high schools 95 and 157 96 higher secondary schools in the city Healthcare Edit Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute a Syro Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur run medical college Main article Hospitals in Thrissur The city serves as a centre for healthcare in Central Kerala with people from Thrissur District Palakkad District Malappuram District and the northern part of Ernakulam District coming to Thrissur for medical care There are three medical colleges in the city Government Medical College Thrissur Amala Institute of Medical Sciences and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute The Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College also situated in city Sports Edit V K N Menon Indoor Stadium in Thrissur city Main article Football in Thrissur Football is the most popular sport in the city and there are two football stadiums in the city Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium and Thope Stadium Largest and Highest Temporary Stadium in the World as per GUINNESS BOOK OF WORLD RECORDS built in Trichur corporation ground in 1990 for the occasion of Federaion Cup fotball tournament which was designed by Er T J ANTONY International players and former Indian captains C V Pappachan I M Vijayan and Jo Paul Ancheri the young Under 17 World Cup player K P Rahul belongs to Thrissur The N I David Memorial Trophy an annual inter club football tournament is held in Thrissur every year The football championship was started in 1996 by the then Superintendent of Police Thrissur 97 98 99 100 101 The city has a floodlit stadium known as Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium 102 It also has two indoor stadiums V K N Menon Indoor Stadium and a Sports Authority of India SAI maintained Thrissur Aquatic Complex with international facilities Thrissur has contributed many national and international bodybuilding stars to India 102 Chess prodigy Nihal Sarin is from Thrissur Media EditThe first Malayalam newspaper which published from Thrissur was Lokamanyan in 1920 Then came Deenabandhu edited by V R Krishnan Ezhuthachan Ezhuthachan started publishing as a weekly in 1941 from Thrissur It was one of the first periodicals that supported the national movement As soon as the Quit India movement was started its editor and staff were sent to jail and publications were banned 103 Later Lokamanyan 1920 Kerala Chintamani 1905 Kerala Kesari 1924 Mahatma 1930 Gomathy 1930 and Navajeevan of Joseph Mundassery was also published from Thrissur 104 105 106 The Express started in 1944 from Thrissur with K Krishanan as the editor is known in Central Kerala for its nationalist and socialist views 103 Major Malayalam newspapers published in Thrissur include Malayala Manorama Mathrubhumi Madhyamam Deepika Kerala Kaumudi Deshabhimani Mangalam Veekshanam Metro Vaartha and Janayugom A number of evening papers like General in Malayalam and City Journal in English are also published from the city Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi Kannada Tamil and Telugu are also available in city The first cinema hall in Kerala with a manually operated film projector was opened in Thrissur by Jose Kattookkaran in 1907 In 1913 the first electrically operated film projector was established in city again by Jose Kattookkaran and was called the Jose Electrical Bioscope now known as Jose Theatre 107 108 109 A film festival known as ViBGYOR Film Festival is held in the city every year It is an international short and documentary film festival Telephony services are provided by various players like Aircel Airtel Idea cellular Vodafone Reliance Infocomm Tata Docomo MTS Uninor Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL BSNL is also offering 3G services in Thrissur 110 The city also have Broadband wireless services on WiMAX platform 111 112 Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur are Club FM 104 8 MHz Radio Mango 91 9 MHz 113 BEST FM 95 by Asianet Communications Limited Red FM 91 1 MHz 114 All India Radio has an AM 630 kHz and an FM 101 1 MHz station for the city 115 The transmitter of the All India Radio 630 kHz was commissioned on 4 November 1956 The station started independent broadcasting in 1974 116 117 Thrissur has a Doordarshan studio with a low power transmitter located near the studio 118 119 120 Transport Edit Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand Thrissur is the largest private bus station in Kerala State Thrissur railway station Schematic Road network map of Thrissur CityMain article Transport in Thrissur Road Edit The city is connected to the North South Corridor National Highway India via the four lane National Highway 544 previously NH 47 121 The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such of Kochi Palakkad and Coimbatore NH 544 provides two main exit points at Mannuthy and Thalore which is bypass to the Thrissur city The city is largely dependent on private buses taxis and auto rickshaws for public transport A transit terminal was announced for Puzhakkal in 2013 122 Land was transferred to the Thissur Mobility Hub Society on a 99 year lease in 2015 123 State owned Kerala State Road Transport Corporation KSRTC runs inter state inter district and city services Thrissur has three bus stations the Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand Thrissur in Sakthan Thampuran Nagar Vadakke Stand Northern Bus Stand and the Thrissur KSRTC Bus Station near the Thrissur railway station State Highway SH 69 Thrissur Kuttippuram Road SH 22 Kodungallur Shornur Road SH 75 Thrissur Kanjani Vadanappally Road are the three state highways which connect city with its suburbs and municipalities Railway Edit The Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways operates the main rail transport system in Thrissur There are four railway stations in Thrissur city Thrissur railway station one of the four A railway station in Kerala provides trains to three directions and lies on the busy Shoranur Cochin Harbour section It has a satellite station Punkunnam railway station 124 and two minor stations Ollur railway station and Mulankunnathukavu railway station Thrissur railway station also connects to the temple town of Guruvayur by Guruvayur Thrissur spur line In addition Southern Railway is running a suburban railway system connecting Thrissur to Kochi and Palakkad using Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit services MEMU 125 126 127 Picture gallery Edit Entrance gate of Thrissur Zoo Archaeological Museum Thrissur St Thomas College Thrissur Thrissur Town Hall Mural Art Museum Shakthan Thampuran PalaceSee also EditThrissur Municipal Corporation Thrissur in popular culture List of Thrissur Corporation wards List of people from Thrissur List of tallest buildings in Thrissur List of twin towns and sister cities in India Visitor attractions in 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October 2011 Retrieved 11 July 2011 a b Geography and Climate PDF ADB Archived from the original PDF on 12 June 2012 Retrieved 16 May 2010 Warning bells in Kole The Hindu 14 October 2007 Archived from the original on 16 October 2007 Retrieved 23 June 2012 Agriculture wetland interactions and sustainability of rice cultivation in the Kole land Kerala PDF Jeena T Srinivasan Retrieved 23 June 2012 Project to protect kole wetlands The Hindu 8 January 2011 Archived from the original on 24 April 2011 Retrieved 23 June 2012 Migratory fish spotted in kole land The Hindu 18 April 2011 Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 23 June 2012 Jose AI Paulose S Prameela P amp Bonny BP eds 2002 Package of Practices Recommendations Crops Archived 19 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine Kerala Agricultural University Retrieved 18 January 2006 Geography Thrissur Municipal Corporation Archived from the original on 26 April 2012 Retrieved 27 November 2010 a b Climate Kerala Government Archived 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Chennai India 4 January 2011 Archived from the original on 8 January 2011 Retrieved 12 January 2011 a b Sports Thrissur Municipal Corporation Archived from the original on 12 July 2012 Retrieved 22 September 2010 a b Media and political scenarios in Kerala PDF Vidyanidhi org Archived from the original PDF on 21 July 2011 Retrieved 14 July 2010 THE EVOLUTION OF PRESS IN KERALA PDF Shodhganga Retrieved 4 August 2014 HISTORY OF PRESS IN KERALA PRD Archived from the original on 7 August 2014 Retrieved 4 August 2014 Read history as the old newspapers reported The Times of India Retrieved 4 August 2014 Cinema Malayala Cinema com Retrieved 14 July 2010 Hundred years of filial indifferenc City Journal Archived from the original on 4 October 2013 Retrieved 1 October 2013 Chelangad Saju 29 September 2013 A true adventurer The Hindu BSNL 3G services in Thrissur The Hindu Chennai India 17 January 2010 Archived from the original on 31 January 2010 Retrieved 3 June 2010 WiMax in Thrissur Manoramaonline Retrieved 3 June 2010 BSNL launches WiMAX Services BSNL Archived from the original on 27 September 2010 Retrieved 3 June 2010 Radio Mango Thrissur Archived from the original on 12 March 2011 Retrieved 7 March 2011 RED FM Thrissur Kal Radio Limited Retrieved 7 March 2011 Thrissur radio stations Asiawaves Retrieved 3 September 2014 Address of AIR Station Thrissur 1 Retrieved 8 January 2009 In euphonious harmony The Hindu dated 3 February 2006 List of Doordarshan Studios Ddindia gov in Archived from the original on 20 January 2011 Retrieved 20 January 2013 AIR Offices Prasar Bharati Retrieved 3 June 2010 Doordarshan Kendra s Prasar Bharati Retrieved 3 June 2010 NHAI report on four lane work ready The Hindu Chennai India 7 September 2008 Archived from the original on 15 September 2008 Retrieved 23 November 2010 State govt to launch Puzhakkal mobility hub Kerala India City journal 14 August 2013 Archived from the original on 5 September 2013 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Muringatheri Mini 20 July 2015 Thrissur Mobility Hub to become a reality soon The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Retrieved 27 October 2021 Guruvayur Tirunavaya rail line soon Ahamed The Hindu Chennai India 12 August 2009 Archived from the original on 17 August 2009 Retrieved 23 November 2010 Ekm Thrissur Memu to chug off today The Times of India Archived from the original on 13 July 2013 Retrieved 12 July 2013 Ernakulam Thrissur MEMU from tomorrow The Hindu Retrieved 12 July 2013 MEMU services to roll out in Thrissur The Hindu Retrieved 12 July 2013 Further reading EditC A Krishnan 2009 Anchuvilakku Malayalam അഞ ച വ ളക ക Green Books Thrissur ISBN 978 81 8423 128 1 T R Venugopalan 2012 Sampathum Adhikaravum Thrissuril Ninnulla Oru Kazcha Cosmos Books Thrissur ISBN 978 81 226 0935 6 Robert Bradnock Roma Bradnock 2000 South India Handbook The Travel Guide ISBN 978 1 900949 81 1 Sarina Singh 2001 South India ISBN 978 1 86450 246 6 Karen Schreitmuller 2009 India ISBN 978 3 8297 6622 7External links EditThrissur at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikiversity Travel information from Wikivoyage This article contains Indic text Without proper rendering support you may see question marks or boxes misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text Government Portal for The Thrissur City Government Portal for the district of Thrissur All about district of Thrissur Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thrissur amp oldid 1141362817, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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