A municipal corporation is a type of local government in India that administers urban areas with a population of more than one million. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government.
The Municipal corporation carries out its function through well organized divisions or departments. For example water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking, Housing Board, Education Department and Electricity Department. Each of these Departments are looked after by experienced and qualified persons.[citation needed]
The [[Seventy-fourth Amendment Act of the Constitution of India|74th Amendment Act]] defined the formations of urban local governments and their activities.[1]
The area administered by a municipal corporation is known as a municipal area. Each municipal area is divided into territorial constituencies known as wards. A municipal corporation is made up of a wards committee. Each ward has one seat in the wards committee. Members are elected to the wards committee on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. These members are known as councillors or corporators. The number of wards in a municipal area is determined by the population of the city. Some seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, backward classes and women.[1]
A state can choose to constitute additional committees to carry functions of urban local governance, in addition to the wards committees. In addition to the councillors elected from the wards, the legislature of a state may also choose to make provisions for the representation of persons having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration, the MPs or MLAs representing the constituencies which comprise wholly or partly the municipal area, and/or the commissioners of additional committees that the state may have constituted. If a state legislature appoints a person from the first category to a wards committee, that individual will not have the right to vote in the meetings of the municipal corporation, while MPs, MLAs and commissioners do have the right to vote in meetings.[1]
The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation, but in most states and territories of India the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the Municipal Commissioner. The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the Corporation meeting as well as ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city. As per the amended Municipal Corporation Act of 1888, a Deputy Mayor is appointed by the Mayor. The tenure of the Mayor and Deputy Mayor is five years. However, in seven states: Haryana, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Mayors are directly elected by the people and thus hold the executive powers of the municipal corporations.
Executive officers monitor the implementation of all the programs related to planning and development of the corporation with the coordination of mayor and councilors.
Functions
The Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution lists the subjects that municipal corporations are responsible for. Corporations may be entrusted to perform functions and implement schemes including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.[1]
Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings .
Urban planning including town planning .
Planning for economic and social development .
Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes .
^"BMC to open green channel for octroi". Financialexpress.com. 3 September 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
^"Gold & beautiful, News - Cover Story". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
^Achutan, Kannal (23 September 2008). . The Hindu. Chennai. Archived from the original on 23 September 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
April 25, 2023
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A municipal corporation is a type of local government in India that administers urban areas with a population of more than one million The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare education housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government The Municipal corporation carries out its function through well organized divisions or departments For example water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking Housing Board Education Department and Electricity Department Each of these Departments are looked after by experienced and qualified persons citation needed The Seventy fourth Amendment Act of the Constitution of India 74th Amendment Act defined the formations of urban local governments and their activities 1 Contents 1 Other names for municipal corporations 2 Composition 3 Superlatives 4 Administration 5 Functions 6 Sources of revenue 7 Municipal corporation headquarters of major metropolitan cities 8 See also 9 ReferencesOther names for municipal corporations EditMunicipal corporations are referred to by different names in different states due to regional language variations all of which are translated to municipal corporation in English These names include Nagar Nigam in Delhi Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand Bihar Jharkhand Rajasthan and Haryana Nagara Nigama in Punjab Mahanagar Palika in Goa and Maharashtra Mahanagara Palike in Karnataka Mahanagar Seva Sadan in Gujarat Pouro Nigom in Assam Paura Parishada or Paura Nigam in Odisha Pouro Nigam in West Bengal Pur Porishod in Tripura Nagar Palika Nigam in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh Nagara Paalaka Samstha or Mahaanagara Paalaka Samstha in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Nagara Sabha in Kerala and Maanagaraatchi in Tamil Nadu citation needed The Vadodara Municipal Corporation of the city of Vadodara in Gujarat is typically called by the name Vadodara Mahanagar Seva Sadan and the Greater Bangalore Municipal Corporation of the city of Bangalore in Karnataka is typically called Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike The detailed structure of these urban bodies varies from state to state as per the laws passed by the state legislatures but the basic structure and function is almost the same Composition Edit Administrative structure of India The area administered by a municipal corporation is known as a municipal area Each municipal area is divided into territorial constituencies known as wards A municipal corporation is made up of a wards committee Each ward has one seat in the wards committee Members are elected to the wards committee on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years These members are known as councillors or corporators The number of wards in a municipal area is determined by the population of the city Some seats are reserved for scheduled castes scheduled tribes backward classes and women 1 A state can choose to constitute additional committees to carry functions of urban local governance in addition to the wards committees In addition to the councillors elected from the wards the legislature of a state may also choose to make provisions for the representation of persons having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration the MPs or MLAs representing the constituencies which comprise wholly or partly the municipal area and or the commissioners of additional committees that the state may have constituted If a state legislature appoints a person from the first category to a wards committee that individual will not have the right to vote in the meetings of the municipal corporation while MPs MLAs and commissioners do have the right to vote in meetings 1 Superlatives EditThe largest corporations are in the ten major metropolitan cities of India viz Mumbai Delhi Hyderabad Kolkata Chennai Bangalore Ahmedabad Lucknow Jaipur Kanpur The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation BMC of the city of Mumbai in Maharashtra is the richest municipal corporation in India 2 3 Greater Chennai Corporation of the city of Chennai in Tamil Nadu is the oldest municipal corporation in India and second oldest municipal corporation in the world only behind City of London Corporation in United Kingdom 4 Administration EditThe Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation but in most states and territories of India the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the Municipal Commissioner The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the Corporation meeting as well as ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city As per the amended Municipal Corporation Act of 1888 a Deputy Mayor is appointed by the Mayor The tenure of the Mayor and Deputy Mayor is five years However in seven states Haryana Bihar Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh Odisha Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand Mayors are directly elected by the people and thus hold the executive powers of the municipal corporations Executive officers monitor the implementation of all the programs related to planning and development of the corporation with the coordination of mayor and councilors Functions EditThe Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution lists the subjects that municipal corporations are responsible for Corporations may be entrusted to perform functions and implement schemes including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule 1 Regulation of land use and construction of buildings Urban planning including town planning Planning for economic and social development Water supply for domestic industrial and commercial purposes Public health sanitation conservancy and solid waste management Fire services Urban forestry protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society including the handicapped and mentally disabled Slum improvement and upgradation Repair street lights Urban poverty alleviation Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks gardens playgrounds Promotion of cultural educational and aesthetic aspects Burials and burial grounds cremations cremation grounds and electric crematoriums Cattle pounds prevention of cruelty to animals Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths Public amenities including street lighting parking lots bus stops and public conveniences Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries 1 Sources of revenue EditWater supply bills Property taxes Rents from municipal corporation owned markets houses plazas etc Taxes from commercial vehicles registered in the city Grants provided by the respective state governments Municipal corporation headquarters of major metropolitan cities Edit Municipal Corporation of Delhi Delhi National Capital Territory of Delhi Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation Greater Mumbai Maharashtra Kolkata Municipal Corporation Kolkata West Bengal Greater Chennai Corporation Greater Chennai Tamil Nadu Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Greater Bengaluru Karnataka Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Greater Hyderabad TelanganaSee also EditList of municipal corporations in India Municipal governance in India Municipal Corporation ElectionsReferences Edit a b c d e 74th Amendment Act PDF BMC to open green channel for octroi Financialexpress com 3 September 2007 Retrieved 25 August 2010 Gold amp beautiful News Cover Story Mumbai Mirror Archived from the original on 3 September 2012 Retrieved 21 July 2010 Achutan Kannal 23 September 2008 Chennai Corporation to celebrate 320 years The Hindu Chennai Archived from the original on 23 September 2008 Retrieved 1 September 2012 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Municipal corporation India amp oldid 1149449859, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
