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Kochi

March 08, 2023

This article is about the city in India. For the city in Japan, see Kōchi (city). For the Japanese prefecture, see Kōchi Prefecture. For other uses, see Kochi (disambiguation).
"Cochin" redirects here. For other uses, see Cochin (disambiguation).

Kochi ([koˈtːʃi ] (listen)), also known as Cochin (/ˈkoʊtʃɪn/ KOH-chin)[9] (the official name until 1996) is a major port city on the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea, which is a part of the Arabian Sea. It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is commonly referred to as Ernakulam. Kochi is the most densely populated city in Kerala. As of 2011, it has a corporation limit population of 677,381[4] within an area of 94.88 km2 and a total urban population of more than of 2.1 million within an area of 440 km2, making it the largest and the most populous metropolitan area in Kerala. Kochi city is also part of the Greater Cochin region[10][11] and is classified as a Tier-II city by the Government of India. The civic body that governs the city is the Kochi Municipal Corporation, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority[12] (GCDA) and the Goshree Islands Development Authority (GIDA).[13] The current metropolitan limits of Kochi include the mainland Ernakulam, Fort Kochi, the suburbs of Edapally, Kalamassery, Aluva and Kakkanad to the northeast; Tripunithura to the southeast; and a group of islands closely scattered in the Vembanad Lake.

Kochi
Cochin
Metropolis
Clockwise from top: Marine Drive Skyline, Chinese Fishing Nets at Fort Kochi, Cochin Shipyard, Queen's Way, Hill Palace, InfoPark
Nickname: 
Queen of the Arabian Sea[1][2]
Kochi
Kochi
Kochi
Coordinates: 9°58′N 76°17′E / 9.97°N 76.28°E / 9.97; 76.28Coordinates: 9°58′N 76°17′E / 9.97°N 76.28°E / 9.97; 76.28
Country India
State Kerala
DistrictErnakulam
Formed1 April 1958[3]
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyKochi Municipal Corporation,
Greater Cochin Development Authority
 • MayorM Anilkumar (CPI(M))
 • MPHibi Eden (INC)
 • City Police CommissionerC. H. Nagaraju IPS
Area
[4]
 • Metropolis94.88 km2 (36.63 sq mi)
 • Metro
[5]
440 km2 (170 sq mi)
Elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2011)[4]
 • Metropolis677,381
 • Density7,100/km2 (18,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
[6]
2,119,724
Demonym(s)Cochinite,[7][8] Kochite, Kochikaran (M), Kochikari (F)
Languages
 • OfficialMalayalam, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN code(s)
682 XXX, 683 XXX
Area code+91-484
Vehicle registration
Judicial CapitalHigh Court of Kerala
Coastline48 kilometres (30 mi)
Sex ratio1028 /♀ /1000♂
Literacy98.5%
Development AgencyGCDA, GIDA
ClimateAm (Köppen)
Precipitation3,228.3 millimetres (127.10 in)
Websitecochinmunicipalcorporation.kerala.gov.in

Called the "Queen of the Arabian Sea", Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the west coast of India from the 14th century onward, and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre-Islamic era. In 1505, the Portuguese established trading ports in Cochin. There are still buildings like the Old Harbour House from this period, some of which have been renovated in more recent times. The Kingdom of Cochin allied with the Ming Dynasty, Portuguese, and Dutch and became a princely state of the British. Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in Kerala.[14][15] The city was ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine.[16] In October 2019, Kochi was ranked seventh in Lonely Planet's list of top 10 cities in the world to visit in 2020.[17][18] Kochi was one of the 28 Indian cities among the emerging 440 global cities that will contribute 50% of the world GDP by 2025, in a 2011 study done by the McKinsey Global Institute.[19] In July 2018, Kochi was ranked the topmost emerging future megacity in India by global professional services firm JLL.[20][21] Kochi is the first city in India to have a water metro project.[22]

Kochi is known as the financial,[23][24] commercial[25][26] and industrial[27][28] capital of Kerala. It has the highest GDP as well as the highest GDP per capita in the state.[29][30] The city is home to the Southern Naval Command of the Indian Navy and is the state headquarters[31][32] of the Indian Coast Guard with an attached air squadron, named Air Squadron 747.[33] Commercial maritime facilities of the city include the Port of Kochi, an International Container Transshipment Terminal, the Cochin Shipyard, offshore SPM of the BPCL Kochi Refinery[34] and the Kochi Marina. Kochi is home for the International Pepper Exchange, Marine Products Export Development Authority, Coconut Development Board, companies like HMT, Apollo Tyres, FACT, IREL, Petronet LNG, Kochi Refineries, V-Guard and industrial parks like the Cochin Special Economic Zone, Smart City, Infopark and Kinfra Hi-Tech Park. Kochi is home for the High Court of Kerala and Lakshadweep, Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Indian Maritime University, Sree Sankaracharya Sanskrit University and the Cochin University of Science and Technology, and National University of Advanced Legal Studies. Kochi was earlier home to Cochin Stock Exchange (CSE).

Kochi has been hosting India's first art biennale, the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, since 2012, which attracts international artists and tourists.[35]

Etymology

Ancient travellers and tradesmen referred to Kochi, variously alluding to it as Cocym, Cochym, Cochin, and Kochi.[36] The Cochin Jewish community called Cochin Kogin (Hebrew: קוגין), which is seen in the seal of the synagogue owned by the community.[37] The Arab merchants called this place Kashi, which is seen in the books such as Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen.[9] The origin of the name Kochi is thought to be the Malayalam word kochu azhi, meaning 'small lagoon'. Accounts by Italian explorers Nicolo Conti (15th century), and Fra Paoline in the 17th century say that it was called Kochchi, named after the river connecting the backwaters to the sea.[38] After the arrival of the Portuguese, and later the British, the name Cochin stuck as the official appellation. The city reverted to a closer transcription of its original Malayalam name, Kochi, in 1996. This change in name was challenged by the city municipal corporation but court later dismissed the plea.[39]

History

Main article: History of Kochi
See also: Kingdom of Cochin

Muziris, a port somewhere north of Kochi (mostly identified with Kodungallur in Thrissur district), was the centre of Indian spice trade for many centuries, and was known to the Arabs, Yavanas (Greeks and Romans) as well as Jews, Syrians, and Chinese since ancient times.[40] Kochi rose to significance as a trading centre after the port Muziris around Kodungallur (Cranganore) was destroyed by the massive flooding of Periyar in 1341.[41] The earliest documented references to Kochi occur in books written by Chinese voyager Ma Huan during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of Admiral Zheng He's treasure fleet.[42] There are also references to Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller Niccolò Da Conti, who visited Kochi in 1440.[43] The ruler of Perumpadappu (near Ponnani) fled to Kodungallur in the early medieval period, when the Zamorin of Calicut annexed Ponnani region, after Tirunavaya war.[44] They later moved to Kochi and established the Kingdom of Cochin.[44] When Vasco Da Gama landed at Kozhikode and the Zamorin of Calicut fought against the Portuguese with Kunjali Marakkar, the ruler of Cochin aligned with the Portuguese.[44]

 
Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral established Portuguese influence in Kochi (Portuguese: Cochim) in 1500, which lasted until 1663.

On the Malabar coast during the early 15th century, Calicut and Kochi were in an intense rivalry, so the Ming dynasty of China decided to intervene by granting special status to Kochi and its ruler known as Keyili (可亦里) to the Chinese.[45] Calicut had been the dominant port-city in the region, but Kochi was emerging as its main rival.[45] For the fifth Ming treasure voyage, Admiral Zheng He was instructed to confer a seal upon Keyili of Kochi and enfeoff a mountain in his kingdom as the Zhenguo Zhi Shan (鎮國之山, Mountain Which Protects the Country).[45] Zheng He delivered a stone tablet, inscribed with a proclamation composed by the Yongle Emperor himself, to Kochi.[45] As long as Kochi remained under the protection of Ming China, the Zamorin of Calicut was unable to invade Kochi and a military conflict was averted.[45] The cessation of the Ming treasure voyages consequently had negative results for Kochi, as the Zamorin of Calicut would eventually launch an invasion against Kochi.[45] In the late 15th century, the Zamorin occupied Kochi and installed his representative as the king of the port-city.[45]

 
Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE)

According to many historians, the precursor state to Kingdom of Kochi came into existence in the early 12th century, after the fall of the Chera Kingdom.[46] The reign of the Kingdom was hereditary, and the family that ruled over the region was known as the Perumpadappu Swaroopam in the local vernacular.

The port at Kozhikode held superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur, Kollam, and Kochi, were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world would gather.[47] The Portuguese arrived at Kappad Kozhikode in 1498 during the Age of Discovery, thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to India.[48] Portuguese navigator, Pedro Álvares Cabral founded the first European settlement in India at Kochi in 1500.[49] From 1503 to 1663, Fort Kochi (Fort Emmanuel) was ruled by Portugal. This Portuguese period was a harrowing time for the Saint Thomas Christians, Muslim Mappilas, and the Jews, as the Inquisition was active in Portuguese India. The ruler of the Kingdom of Tanur, who was a vassal to the Zamorin of Calicut, sided with the Portuguese, against his overlord at Kozhikode.[44] As a result, the Kingdom of Tanur (Vettathunadu) became one of the earliest Portuguese Colonies in India. The ruler of Tanur also sided with Cochin.[44] Many of the members of the royal family of Cochin in 16th and 17th centuries were selected from Vettom.[44] However, the Tanur forces under the king fought for the Zamorin of Calicut in the Battle of Cochin (1504).[50] However, the allegiance of the Mappila merchants in Tanur region still stayed under the Zamorin of Calicut.[9] Kochi hosted the grave of Vasco da Gama, the first European explorer to set sail for India, who was buried at St. Francis Church until his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539.[51] The Portuguese rule was followed by that of the Dutch who renamed Fort Immanuel as Fort Stormsburg. In meantime, the Royal Family of Kochi relocated the capital of Kochi Kingdom to Thrissur, leaving nominal authority over Islands of Kochi. In 1664, Fort Kochi Municipality was established by Dutch, making it the first municipality in Indian subcontinent, which got dissolved when Dutch authority got weaker in the 18th century. The remaining part of Kochi were governed by governors of Kochi Kingdom. By 1773, the Mysore ruler Hyder Ali extended his conquest in the Malabar region to Kochi forcing it to become a tributary of Mysore. The hereditary Prime Ministership of Kochi held by the Paliath Achans ended during this period.[52]

 
Map of Kochi in the 1635 Livro das Plantas de Todas as Fortalezas, a catalogue of Portuguese forts in India

Meanwhile,[clarification needed] the Dutch, fearing an outbreak of war on the United Provinces, signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 with the United Kingdom, under which Kochi was ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for the island of Bangka, east of Sumatra. However, there are evidences of English habitation in the region even before the signing of the treaty.[53] In 1866, Fort Kochi municipality was reinstalled. Fort Kochi, which was a part of Malabar District until 1956, was made a municipality on 1 November 1866, along with Kannur, Thalassery, Kozhikode, and Palakkad, according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)[54][55][56][57] of the British Indian Empire. Its first Municipal Council seating contest was conducted in 1883. In 1896, H.H. Rama Varma XV, The Maharaja of Cochin, initiated local administration by forming town councils in Mattancherry and Ernakulam. In 1907, the Governor of the Madras Presidency, Sir Arthur Lawley and his brother, Beilby Lawley, 3rd Baron Wenlock, Governor of Madras, 1891 to 1896, left for an official tour of Cochin and Travancore, which lasted from 25 January to 14 February. On 26 January, they were met by His Highness the Rajah of Cochin who gave a State Dinner in their honour at Ernakulam.[58][59][60][61] By the 1870s, the capital of Kochi Kingdom was relocated again to Kochi Suburb of Tripunithura. In 1910, Ernakulam became the administrative capital of Kochi Kingdom with establishment of Royal Secretariat and State Durbar. The offices of the Diwan and High court were soon moved into Ernakulam.[62]

 
The Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest active synagogue in both India and the Commonwealth of Nations.

In 1925, Kochi legislative assembly was constituted due to public pressure on the state. Towards the early 20th century, trade at the port had increased substantially, and the need to develop the port was greatly felt. Harbour engineer Robert Bristow was brought to Kochi in 1920 under the direction of Lord Willingdon, then the Governor of Madras. In a span of 21 years, he transformed Kochi as one of the safest harbours in the peninsula, where ships berthed alongside the newly reclaimed inner harbour equipped with a long array of steam cranes.[63]

In 1947, when India gained independence from the British colonial rule, Cochin was the first princely state to join India willingly.[46] In 1949, Travancore-Cochin state came into being with the merger of Cochin and Travancore. The King of Travancore was the Rajpramukh of the Travancore-Cochin Union from 1949 to 1956. Travancore-Cochin, was in turn merged with the Malabar district of the Madras State. Finally, the Government of India's States Reorganisation Act (1956) inaugurated a new state—Kerala—incorporating Travancore-Cochin (excluding the four southern Taluks which were merged with Tamil Nadu), Malabar District, and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara.[64] On 9 July 1960 the Mattancherry council passed a resolution—which was forwarded to the government—requesting the formation of a municipal corporation by combining the existing municipalities of Fort Kochi, Mattancherry, and Ernakulam. The government appointed a commission to study the feasibility of the suggested merger. Based on its report, the Kerala Legislative Assembly approved the corporation's formation. On 1 November 1967, exactly eleven years since the establishment of the state of Kerala, the Kochi Municipal Corporation came into existence. The merger leading to the establishment of the corporation, was between the municipalities of Ernakulam, Mattancherry and Fort Kochi, along with that of the Willingdon Island, four panchayats (Palluruthy, Vennala, Vyttila and Edappally), and the small islands of Gundu and Ramanthuruth.[65] The Kochi and Ernakulam districts formed on 1 April 1958 carving areas of the erstwhile Travancore-Kochi-Malabar regions. A major portion of the district is from the Kochi kingdom.[3]

The city's economic growth gathered momentum after economic reforms in India introduced by the central government in the early 1990s. Since 2000, the service sector has energised the city's economy. The establishment of several industrial parks based on IT and other port based infrastructure triggered a construction and realty boom in the city. Over the years, Kochi has witnessed rapid commercialisation, and has today grown into the commercial hub of Kerala.[66]

Geography and climate

Main article: Geography of Kochi
 
A view of Thevara from Kundannur bridge.

Geography

Kochi is located on the southwest coast of India at 9°58′N 76°13′E / 9.967°N 76.217°E / 9.967; 76.217, with a corporation limit area of 94.88 km2 (36.63 sq mi).[67] Over the years, the city has expanded considerably outside the corporation limit set in 1967, although the official city limits hasn't yet been increased.[68][69] The city straddles the backwaters, encompassing the northern end of a peninsula, several islands and a portion of the mainland. To the west lies the Laccadive Sea, and to the east is the urbanised region in the rest of the mainland area. Much of Kochi lies at sea level, with a coastline of 48 km.[46]

The current metropolitan limits of Kochi include the mainland Ernakulam, Fort Kochi, the suburbs of Edapally, Kalamassery, Aluva and Kakkanad to the northeast; Tripunithura to the southeast; and a group of islands closely scattered in the Vembanad Lake. The state government and the GCDA have plans to include Mala and Kodungallur in Thrissur district, Angamaly, Perumbavoor, Piravom and Kolenchery in Ernakulam district, Thalayolaparambu and Vaikom in Kottayam and Cherthala in Alappuzha district within Kochi metropolitan limits. The newly formed metropolis would be put under the charge of a new authority called Kochi Metropolitan Regional Development Authority.[70][71] However, The Hindu reported that the state government is yet to take any concrete steps in this regard.[72]

Soil consists of sediments such as alluvium, teris, brown sands, etc. Hydromorphic saline soils are also found in the areas surrounding the backwaters.[46]

Predominant rock types found here are Archaean-basic dykes, Charnockites and Gneisses. An ecologically sensitive area, the Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary is located in the central part of the city. It has a wide range of mangrove species and is a nesting ground for a vast variety of migratory birds.[73]

Kochi's water needs are entirely dependent on ground water and the two rivers flowing through the district viz., Periyar and Muvattupuzha. Periyar serves the entire northern part of the city[74] whereas Muvattupuzha river under the JnNurm project covers the western part.[75]

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Kochi features a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Kochi's proximity to the equator along with its coastal location results in little seasonal temperature variation, with moderate to high levels of humidity. Annual temperatures range between 23 and 31 °C (73 and 88 °F) with the record high being 36.5 °C (97.7 °F), and record low 16.3 °C (61.3 °F).[76] From June to September, the south-west monsoon brings in heavy rains as Kochi lies on the windward side of the Western Ghats. From October to December, Kochi receives lighter (yet significant) rain from the northeast monsoon, as it lies on the leeward side. Average annual rainfall is 3,014.9 mm (118.70 in), with an annual average of 124 rainy days.[77]

Climate data for Kochi (Kochi Naval Base) 1981–2010, extremes 1951–2012
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.4
(97.5) 		35.7
(96.3) 		36.0
(96.8) 		36.5
(97.7) 		35.2
(95.4) 		34.2
(93.6) 		33.1
(91.6) 		32.5
(90.5) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.6
(94.3) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.2
(95.4) 		36.5
(97.7)
Average high °C (°F) 31.9
(89.4) 		32.0
(89.6) 		32.6
(90.7) 		33.0
(91.4) 		32.4
(90.3) 		30.3
(86.5) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.5
(85.1) 		30.2
(86.4) 		30.7
(87.3) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.9
(89.4) 		31.3
(88.3)
Average low °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4) 		24.2
(75.6) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.7
(78.3) 		24.2
(75.6) 		23.8
(74.8) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.2
(75.6) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.1
(75.4) 		23.2
(73.8) 		24.3
(75.7)
Record low °C (°F) 16.5
(61.7) 		16.3
(61.3) 		21.6
(70.9) 		21.2
(70.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		20.4
(68.7) 		17.6
(63.7) 		20.6
(69.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		19.2
(66.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		16.3
(61.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 24.3
(0.96) 		27.1
(1.07) 		45.0
(1.77) 		113.1
(4.45) 		284.5
(11.20) 		700.3
(27.57) 		575.5
(22.66) 		378.8
(14.91) 		310.3
(12.22) 		366.6
(14.43) 		150.4
(5.92) 		39.0
(1.54) 		3,014.9
(118.70)
Average rainy days 1.1 1.2 2.6 6.9 11.0 23.0 22.8 19.0 13.4 14.2 7.2 1.8 124.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 61 65 68 70 73 82 83 82 79 77 72 64 73
Average ultraviolet index 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 12
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[77][76]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[78]

Civic administration

Kochi Municipal Corporation officials[79]
Mayor Anilkumar M
Deputy Mayor Ansiya K A
Police Commissioner M.P.Dinesh IPS
 
Kochi Municipal Corporation Town Hall
 
The High Court of Kerala located in the city is the highest court in Kerala

The city is governed by the Kochi Corporation, headed by a mayor. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 74 wards,[80] from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years. Earlier; Fort Kochi, Mattancherry and Ernakulam were the three Municipalities in Cochin area, which was later merged to form the Cochin Corporation. The corporation has its headquarters in Ernakulam, and zonal offices at Fort Kochi, Mattancherry, Palluruthy, Edappally and Pachalam.[81] The general administration of the city is handled by the Personnel Department and the Council Standing committee Section.[82] Other departments include that of town planning, health, engineering, revenue and accounts. The corporation is also responsible for waste disposal and sewage management. The city produces more than 600 tons of waste per day and a large portion of waste is decomposed at Brahmapuram Solid Waste plant into organic manure.[82] The supply of potable water, sourced from the Periyar River is handled by Kerala Water Authority with support of Water works department of Kochi Corporation.[83] Electricity is provided by the Kerala State Electricity Board. The GCDA and GIDA are the government agencies initiating and monitoring the development of Greater Cochin area, mainly in developing infrastructure facilities for the city.[84]

Law and order

Kochi is the seat of High Court of Kerala, the highest judicial body in the state of Kerala. The Kochi City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. The city is divided into five zones and each zone under a circle officer. Apart from regular law & order, the city police comprises the Traffic Police, Narcotics Cell, Riot horse, Armed Reserve Camps, District Crime Records Bureau and a Women's Police station.[85] It operates 19 police stations functioning under the Home Ministry of Government of Kerala. An anti-corruption branch of the Central Bureau of Investigation also operates out of the city. CISF maintains 3 squadrons for providing security to various central and state heavy industries, airport and seaport zones. Other major central agencies are NIA, DRI and Indian Customs due to the presence of major port. According to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Kochi reported significant increase of 193.7 per cent IPC crimes in 2010 compared to 2009, and reported a crime rate of 1,897.8 compared to the 424.1 in whole Kerala.[86] However, the city police commissioner defended that in major crimes such as murders and kidnapping, the city registered a low crime rate even behind other cities in the state.[87]

Politics

Kochi is part of the Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency in Indian Parliament.[88] The current elected Member of Parliament representing the constituency is Hibi Eden of Indian National Congress.[89] The Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency elects seven members to the state Legislative Assembly, one each from Ernakulam, Kalamassery, Kochi, Paravur, Thrikkakara, Thrippunithura and Vypin.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Kochi

Kochi is widely referred to as the financial[23] and commercial[25] capital of Kerala. Federal Bank, the fourth-largest Private-sector bank in India is located in Aluva which is a suburb of Kochi. Being a major online trading centre in the country, Kochi has a newly opened SEBI office.[90]

 
The Greater Cochin Development Authority is the statutory body overseeing the development of the city
 
Established in 1926, the Cochin Port Trust overlooks the activities of Cochin Port
 
Wonderla amusement park, Kochi
 
Kakkanad is a major industrial center and is home to the Cochin Special Economic Zone, Infopark and Smart City

Availability of electricity, fresh water, long coastline, backwaters, good banking facilities, presence of a major port, container trans-shipment terminal, harbour terminal and an international air terminal are some of the factors which accelerated the industrial growth in the city and its adjoining district.[66] In recent years the city has witnessed heavy investment, thus making it one of the fastest-growing second-tier metro cities in India.[91][92] Sales tax income generated in the Kochi metropolitan area contributes heavily to state revenue.[93][94]

 
Kochi LNG Terminal
 
Vembanad Rail Bridge is the longest railway bridge in India
 
Vallarpadam Terminal is the first transshipment terminal in India
 
The Kochi International Marina is the only international marina in India
 
InfoPark, Kochi

The district contributes 15.1% of the state GDP.[95] Construction and manufacturing industries combined contributes 37% of the district's total GDP, and trade, tourism and hospitality industries together provides another 20%. Major business sectors include construction, manufacturing, shipbuilding, transportation/shipping, seafood and spices exports, chemical industries, information technology (IT), tourism, health services, and banking. Kochi is recognised as one of the seventeen major industrial cities of India by the World Bank Group. However, in the 2009 rankings of ease to start and operate a business, among the 17 Indian cities selected, Kochi was rated as the second most difficult city to start business and was ranked 16th, above Kolkata.[96]

As in most of Kerala, remittances from non-resident Indians (NRI)s is a major source of income.[97] Eloor, situated 13 kilometres (8.1 miles) north of the city-centre, is the largest industrial belt in Kerala, with more than 250 factories manufacturing a range of products including chemical and petrochemical products, pesticides, rare earth elements, rubber processing chemicals, fertilisers, zinc and chromium compounds, and leather products.[98] Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT), one of the oldest fertilizers and chemical industry in Kerala is located in Kochi.[99] Kochi Refineries of (BPCL) at Ambalamugal is the largest state owned refinery in India. Petronet India has now almost completed Kochi LNG Terminal, for importing and storing natural gas, for energy and fueling needs.[100] Central Government establishments like the Coconut Development Board, the Coir Board and the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) have head offices located in the city.

Kalamassery which is situated around 16.5 km from the City Center is one of the major Industrial areas. Leading factories like FACT, HMT and IT/Biotechnology park like KINFRA Hi-Tech Park are located here. The Cochin University of Science and Technology is located at Kalamassery. Irimpanam is another major industrial area in Kochi. The Seaport-Airport Road (SPAP Road) passes through this place and oil giants like Indian Oil Corporation, Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum have plants here.[101][102][103]

Like elsewhere in Kerala, tourism is one of the major contributors of the local economy. Ernakulam district, in which Kochi is situated, ranks first in the total number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala,[15] and thus contributes to the economy of the city. The tourist enclave at Fort Kochi and presence of several historical monuments, museums etc. as well as natural attractions like the Vembanad lake and the backwaters attract large number of tourists to the city. Presence of several leading hospitality brands have been a major source of employment for locals. The Kochi Port is one of the leading ports where international cruisers call on regularly.[104] The city has the first marina facility[105] in the country, Kochi Marina which attracts large number of yacht-totters. Real Estate industry is also one industry which is contributing a lot to the economy of Kochi. Many players have entered the market and have developed residential properties. Kochi is the headquarters of the Southern Naval Command, the primary training centre of the Indian Navy.[106] The Cochin Shipyard, contributes to the economy of the city.[107][108] The fishing harbour at Thoppumpady is a minor fishing port in the state and supplies fish to local and export markets. To further tap the potential of the all-season harbour at Kochi, an international cruise terminal was also constructed.[109]

Exports and allied activities are also important contributors to the city's economy. The Cochin Port currently handles export and import of container cargo at its terminal at Willingdon Island. The International Container Transshipment Terminal operating out of Vallarpadam, is India's largest transshipment terminal.[110][111][112][113]Cochin Port Trust also planning to build an Outer Harbour near Puthuvype.[114] Kochi's historical reliance on trade continues into modern times, as the city is a major exporter of spices and is home to the International Pepper Exchange, where black pepper is globally traded. The Spices Board of India and World Spice Organisation are headquartered in Kochi.

The IT and ITES related industries are growing up in Kochi. Availability of cheap bandwidth through undersea cables and lower operational costs compared to other major cities in India, has been to its advantage. Various technology and industrial campuses including the government promoted InfoPark, Cochin Special Economic Zone and KINFRA Export Promotion Industrial Park operate in the outskirts of the city. Several new industrial campuses are under construction in the suburbs of the city. SmartCity at Kakkanad is one of the prominent projects.[115] Cyber City at Kalamassery is another integrated IT township SEZ being planned in the private sector.[116]

Kochi has an established electronics hardware industry with companies such as V-Guard Industries, OEN India Limited, FCI OEN Connectors and SFO Technologies. The Government of Kerala has announced a project to build an industrial park named Electronic City[117] spanning an area of 340 acres (140 ha), to cater to the electronic hardware industries. The private operator NeST[118] is building a Special Economic Zone specifically for electronics hardware spanning an area of 30 acres (12 ha).

The Cochin International Airport is in the process of setting up an aerotropolis at Nedumbassery.[119][120]

Transport

Main article: Transport in Kochi
 
A panoramic view of Vyttila Mobility Hub

Air

The air gateway to Kochi is the Cochin International Airport (CIAL) located at Nedumbassery, which is about 28 km (17 mi) north of Kochi city, and handles both domestic and international flights.[121] It is the first international airport in India to be built without Central Government funds[122] and is the world's first fully solar energy powered airport.

The Cochin airport provides direct connectivity to popular international destinations in the Middle East, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore and to most major Indian cities apart from tourist destinations like Lakshadweep. Kochi is also the headquarters of the Air India Express service. With a terminal area of 840,000 sq ft (78,000 m2), and a passenger capacity of 2200 (international and domestic), it is the largest and busiest airport in the state.[123] It is also the fourth busiest airport in India in terms of international passenger traffic, and seventh busiest overall.[124][125]

 
The Cochin International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the country and the first fully solar powered airport in the world
 
A KSRTC Double-decker bus on service in the city
 
Kochi Metro is the fastest completed metro project in India
 
Ernakulam Boat Jetty is one of the main boat jetties in the city
 
Ferry Service boat at Kochi backwaters

Road

Kochi is well connected to neighbouring cities and states via several highways. It is a node in the North-South Corridor of the National Highway system.[126][127] The road infrastructure in Kochi has not been able to meet the growing traffic demand and hence traffic congestion is a major problem in the city.[128]

Kochi is served by National Highway 66, National Highway 544, National Highway 966A and National Highway 966B.[129][130][131]

Several state highways also connect Kochi with other parts of Kerala.[132] SH 15, Ettumanoor-Ernakulam Road, connects the city to Kottayam, Pala, Kumily, Changanacherry, Pathanamthitta etc. SH 41, Palarivattom-Thekkady Road, provides a corridor to the eastern parts of the district. SH 63, Vypeen Pallipuram Road and SH 66, Alappuzha – Thoppumpady road are coastal roads that serve the narrow sliver of land between the backwaters and the sea.

The main arterial roads of the city are the Mahatma Gandhi Road and Sahodaran Ayyappan Road in Ernakulam, constructed in 1925 & 1962 respectively which runs parallel & perpendicular to the coast and having the proposed Metro Rail connectivity. The Seaport-Airport Road is another major road and connects the Cochin Seaport to the Cochin International Airport. The Infopark Expressway in Kakkanad is connected to the Seaport-Airport Road and stretches all the way to Infopark. Other major roads include Chittoor Road, Banerji Road, Shanmugham Road, Kochi Bypass, Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road, Park Avenue etc. A new ring road is proposed for Kochi city by the state government for which a project study is being currently undertaken by NATPAC.[133]

Public transport

Road

The primary form of public transport within the city is largely dependent on privately owned bus networks. The state-run also operates its services in the city through the Thirukochi service. The major bus terminals in the city are Ernakulam Town, Ernakulam Jetty and the private bus terminal at Kaloor. An integrated transit terminal namely The Mobility Hub at Vytilla is under second phase of construction. The terminal acts as a hub for long-distance bus services away from the city centre, and also a converging point for different modes of public transport, namely bus, metro and ferry.[134]

Kochi is one of the few cities to be granted the new-generation air-conditioned low-floor and non-air-conditioned semi-low-floor buses under the JNNURM city transport development project. KURTC and private buses operate frequent schedules to neighbouring areas of Nedumbassery, Perumbavoor, Aluva, Muvattupuzha, Kothamangalam, Cherthala and Poochakkal. Taxis and auto rickshaws (called autos) are available for hire throughout the day.

Development of road infrastructure not keeping pace with the increase in traffic is a major problem faced by Kochi, like most other parts of Kerala.[135]

Rail

The city has four major railway stations – Ernakulam Junction, Ernakulam Town (locally known as the South and North railway stations respectively), Aluva, Angamaly and Tripunithura followed by smaller stations, Edapally and Kalamassery. There is also the Cochin Harbour Terminus providing rail connectivity to the southern segment of the Port of Kochi. The terminus is currently under renovation for the suburban rail networks in the city. The main rail transport system in Kochi is operated by the Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways, and comes under Thiruvananthapuram Railway division. The South station is one of the busiest railway stations in South India, with more than 128 scheduled train services daily.[136] The North station situated on the northern side of the city, caters mostly to long-distance services that bypass the South station, and also is an additional halt station for many trains.

There is also a historic station named as Ernakulam Terminus(station code:ERG) situated behind the High Court. Great personalities like Mahatma Gandhi and The British Viceroy have visited Cochin through this old railway station. Ernakulam Terminus was the first station to serve the city but had to be abandoned in the early 1960s. Now this station operates as a goods depot of Southern Railway.[137]

Metro

Main article: Kochi Metro

The Kochi Metro is a metro rapid transit system serving the city of Kochi, intended to considerably ease traffic congestion in the city and its surrounding metropolitan area.[138] It is being set up at an overall estimated cost of ₹5,146 crore (US$640 million). The Phase-1 of the metro system will have 22 stations connecting the suburban towns of Aluva and Pettah while passing through downtown.[139] The first half of the Phase-1 of Kochi Metro was inaugurated on 17 June 2017 by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Currently Kochi Metro is operational from Aluva till Maharaja's College along the Kalamassery - Edappally - Kaloor - MG Road stretch, covering a total of 18.4 km with 16 operational metro stations.[140]

Water

See also: Kochi Water Metro

Kochi ranks among India's major seaports, partly due to being one of the safest harbours in the Indian Ocean.[141] The port, administered by a statutory autonomous body known as the Cochin Port Trust, offers facilities for bunkering, handling cargo and passenger ships and storage accommodation. The port is a complex of three islands, one of which is man-made.[142]

It also operates passenger ships to Colombo and Lakshadweep. Boat services are operated by Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation, the State Water Transport Department and private firms from various boat jetties in the city. The junkar ferry for the transshipment of vehicles and passengers between the islands are operated between Ernakulam and Vypin, and between Vypin and Fort Kochi. However, with the construction of the Goshree bridges (which links Kochi's islands), ferry transport has become less essential. The main boat jetties are Ernakulam Main Boat Jetty near Park Avenue, High Court Jetty in Banerjee Road, Embarkation Jetty in Willingdon Island and Fort Kochi Jetty.[143] In December 2021, Kochi became India’s first city to have a water metro project. The integrated transport system connects 10 islands of Kochi through a network of 15 routes that span 76km and 38 jetties.

Demographics

Religions in Kochi City (2011)
Religion Percentage
Hinduism
 
 43.78%
Christianity
 
 38.12%
Islam
 
 17.56%
Others
 
 0.54%
See also: Hinduism in Kerala, Cochin Jews, Saint Thomas Christians, Islam in Kerala, and Latin Church

Kochi has the highest population density in Kerala with 7139 people per km2.

 
The Santa Cruz Basilica at Fort Kochi is one of the eight Basilicas in India

As of 2011, Kochi had a metropolitan area population of 2,117,990. The female-to-male ratio is 1,028:1,000, significantly higher than the all-India average of 933:1,000. Kochi's literacy rate is 97.5%. The female literacy rate lags that of males by 1.1%, amongst the lowest such gaps in India.

 
Dharmanath Jain Temple at Mattancherry

Kochi's major religions are Hinduism, Christianity and Islam. Jainism, Judaism, Sikhism and Buddhism, with smaller followings, are also practised in Kochi. Though 44% practice Hinduism, Christianity's large following (38%) makes Kochi a city with one of the largest Christian populations in India.[144] The majority of the city's residents are Malayalis. However, there are significant ethnic minority communities including Tamils, Gujaratis, Jews, Anglo-Indians, Sikhs and Konkanis[145][146] Malayalam is the main language of communication and medium of instruction for primary education, although a number of schools do offer English medium education. The higher education is invariably in English medium, and it is the preferred language in business circles. Tamil and Hindi are widely understood—albeit rarely spoken.

Like other fast-growing cities in the developing world, Kochi suffers from major urbanisation problems. The city was ranked tenth among Indian cities in terms of house-cost and availability, urban household crowding and household incomes.[147]

The government has plans to make the city slum-free by 2016.[148] According to the National Crime Records Bureau, the city holds the fourth position in the number of recorded crimes in India.[149][150][151] In 2009, the city recorded an average crime rate of 646.3 against the national average of 181.4.[150] But Kochi City Police Commissioner later clarified that this anomaly was due to higher reporting rates of minor crimes in Kochi than in other Indian cities.[87] The State Crime Records Bureau (SCRB) report gives further credence to this as it finds that Kochi has the fewest crime against women in the state of Kerala.[152] According to the 2011 CII/Institute of Competitiveness report on Liveability,[153] Kochi stands first in the state, and sixth in the country. Kochi is ranked seventh in the list of the top ten most affluent cities in India by 2009 study by Nielsen Company.[154] Kochi was ranked the fourth cleanest city in India in the Swachch Bharat rankings for cities. It was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagship Smart Cities Mission.[155]

Culture

Main article: Culture of Kochi
See also: Cuisine of Kerala and List of Tourist attractions in Kochi
 
Marine Drive, Kochi

As a result of successive waves of migration over the course of several centuries, the population of the city is a mix of people from all parts of Kerala and most of India. The pan-Indian nature is highlighted by the substantial presence of various ethnic communities from different parts of the country.[156]

 
Pedestrians can stroll along the Marine Drive, a waterfront promenade of Kochi
 
LuLu Mall is one of the largest shopping malls in India
 
The Kettuvallom Bridge at Marine Drive

Kochi has a diverse, multicultural, and secular community consisting of Malayalis, Konkanis,[157][158] Gujaratis,[145] Bengalis,[159] Marathis,[160] Punjabis,[146][161] Tamilians, Kannadigas, Biharias, Anglo Indians and a few families of Jews among other denominations. The city once had a large Jewish community, known as the Malabar Yehuden—and now increasingly as Cochin Jews—who figured prominently in Kochi's business and economic strata[162] and owned several Synagogues across Kochi and nearby areas such as Chendamangalam, Paravur or Mala.

Kochi was one among the seven diocese of Syrian Orthodox (Jacobite Syrian Christian Church) in Kerala formed in 1876. The seat of the Bishop is at St George Cathedral, Karingachira. Also At Mary's Cathedral Elamkulam, seat of bishop of Simhasana churches of Jacobites is in the city. The seat of Roman Catholic Cathedral of Kerala's first Archdiocese Archdiocese of Verapoly and the first diocese Diocese of Cochin are located in the city. The Syro-Malabar Church, one of the 22 sui iuris Eastern Catholic Churches and a part of the Saint Thomas Christian community, has its seat at Ernakulam. Prominent places of Christian worship include the St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam, St. Francis Assisi Roman Catholic Cathedral, Ernakulam, Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom, Vallarpadam-Ernakulam, Santa Cruz Basilica Roman Catholic Cathedral, Fort Kochi, St. Antony's Shrine at Kaloor, St. George Forane Church, Edappally and . Appropriate to its multi-ethnic composition, Kochi celebrates traditional Kerala festivals like Onam and Vishu along with North Indian Hindu festivals like Holi with great fervour. Christian and Islamic festivals like Christmas, Easter, Eid ul-Fitr and Milad-e-sherif are also celebrated. A merry making fest called the Cochin Carnival is celebrated at Fort Kochi during the last ten days of December.[163]

The residents of Kochi are known as Kochiites; they are an important part of the South Indian culture. However, the city's culture is rapidly evolving with Kochiites generally becoming more cosmopolitan in their outlook.[92] The people are also increasingly fashion-conscious, often deviating from the traditional Kerala wear to western clothing.

Kochiites generally partake of Keralite cuisine, which is generally characterised by an abundance of coconut and spices. Other South Indian cuisines, as well as Chinese and North Indian cuisines are popular. Fast food culture is also very prominent.[164] Being a tourist hotspot, Fort Kochi have a number of restaurants that offer international cuisine, like Italian, French, Mexican etc. Being close to the ocean and the backwaters, Kochi has an abundance of seafood, which reflects in the cuisine. Cochin is also called the official food capital of Kerala with largest number of restaurants and cafeterias in Kerala that serves every kind of delicious cuisine. A service known as You Buy, We Cook is available at the waterfront of Fort Kochi, where the fresh seafood purchased from the nets is cooked as per the customers needs.[165] Arabian food joints that serve Shawarma and roasted chicken are a new addition to the fast food scene in the city.

Kochi also has a number of shopping malls including Oberon Mall, Gold Souk Grande, Bay Pride Mall, Centre Square Mall, Abad Nucleus Mall and LuLu Mall, which is one of the largest shopping malls in India in terms of total leasable area of 17 acres (7 ha).[166][167][168] Various shopping malls are expected to open in the city in the near future including Forum Thomsun Mall.[169]

Kochi is the official food capital of Kerala because of the highest number of restaurants and the varieties of foods available. Kochi serves every type of food available in Kerala. Its very famous for varieties of non vegetarian food.[170] Kochi also has the most five star hotels in the state. These include international brands like Crowne Plaza,[171] Marriott International,[172] Grand Hyatt,[173] Sheraton,[174] Le Méridien,[175] Radisson Blu,[176] Holiday Inn,[177] Ramada,[178] Ibis,[179] Taj Malabar,[180] The Gateway[181] etc.

Kochi was home to some of the most influential figures in Malayalam literature, including Changampuzha Krishna Pillai,[182] Kesari Balakrishna Pillai,[183] G. Sankara Kurup,[184] and Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon.[185] Prominent social reformers such as Sahodaran Ayyappan[186] and Pandit Karuppan[187] also are from Kochi. The Kochi International Book Festival is an annual event.

The Maharajas of Kochi (then Cochin) were scholars who knew the epics and encouraged the arts. The paintings at the Hill Palace and the Dutch Palace are testimony to their love for arts.

Kochiites are known for their enthusiasm in sports, especially football and cricket.[188] The Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium in Kochi is one of the largest stadiums in India with floodlights for Cricket and Football matches.[189] The Regional Sports Centre is an important centre of sporting activity in the city. Kochi is reportedly the sixth best city in India according to the livability index of 2011.[190]

Healthcare

 
Aster Medcity is one of the largest hospitals in the country

With many advanced tertiary/quaternary care facilities, Kochi has one of the best healthcare facilities in India. It is the prime destination for people seeking advanced healthcare facilities from across Kerala.[191][192]

In recent times, it has attracted many patients from India, the Middle East, Africa, Europe and the United States looking for relatively inexpensive advanced medical care. Kochi is the only city from Kerala that have carried out successful heart transplantations.[193] Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Sunrise Hospital, Specialist Hospital, Medical Trust Hospital, PVS Memorial Hospital, Renai Medicity, Lakeshore Hospital, Lisie Hospital, Aster Medcity,[194] Rajagiri Institute of Medical Sciences are some of the advanced tertiary/quaternary healthcare facilities in Kochi.[195] Other reputed institutions in the city include Ernakulam Medical Centre, KIMS Hospital, Gautham Hospital, Lourdes Hospital and Saraf Hospital. Some of the reputed fertility related treatment centres in India – like Vijaya Hospital, Bourn Hall Clinic[196] and CIMAR – are located in Kochi. General Hospital, Ernakulam and Government Medical College, Ernakulam are the notable medical institutions in the government sector in Kochi.

In August 2019, a home daycare program in the district, Arike has started for extending the service of the home palliative care. Nurses who have undergone training in palliative care will be reaching out to patients at home every day on two-wheelers. The service will be available to those who have registered with the General Hospital's home palliative care programme.[197]

Education

See also: Education in India, Education in Kerala, and Educational Institutions in Ernakulam District
 
Established in 1875, the Maharaja's College is one of the oldest colleges in the state
 
The main building of Model Engineering College was inspired from India's first satellite, Aryabhatta
 
The Cochin University of Science and Technology is one of the top educational institutions in the country
 
Rajagiri College of Social Sciences at Kalamassery

Secondary education

The pattern of primary education is essentially the same all over the state. There are government owned schools and government aided schools, which are affiliated to the Kerala State Education Board. A few privately owned schools are also affiliated to the system. Most of the schools owned by private organisations or individuals are affiliated to the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE).[198] Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) have some schools affiliated to them as well.[199] The state education board offers both Malayalam and English medium instruction, while the other boards offer English medium alone. There are a few schools that follow international curricula, such as IB and IGCSE.[200]

There 34 government schools, 67 private aided schools and 31 unaided schools affiliated to the Kerala State Education Board in the city and suburbs.[201] There are 62 CBSE Schools, 2 IGCSE and 9 ICSE Schools as well.[202][203]

The notable schools in the government sector are Sree Rama Varma High School, Edappally High School, Government School-Kochi and Govt Girls Higher Secondary School, Ernakulam. There are Kendriya Vidyalaya, Chinmaya Mission and Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan run several quasi-private charter schools within the city limits, as well as in the suburbs. There are several private schools (both aided & unaided0 that are owned by secular and religious trusts which are of particular renown, such as:St. Albert's HSS, Ernakulam, St. Teresa's CGHSS, St. Mary's CGHSS Ernakulam, St. Antony's CGHSS, Model Technical Higher Secondary School, Kaloor The Delta Study, Rajagiri Public School, Campion School, Assisi Vidyaniketan, Cochin Refineries School, Gregorian Public School, Greets Public School, Toc-H Public School, Navy Children School, Global Public School, Choice School, Vidyodaya School, Mar Thoma Public School, Nava Nirman Public School and St. Pauls International School, Kalamassery, The Charter School Kochi.[204]

Higher education

The Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) is a major university named after the city. Most of the colleges in Kochi offering tertiary education are affiliated either with the Mahatma Gandhi University or with the Cochin University. Kochi has one of the campuses of the Indian Maritime University at Willingdon Island. Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit in Kalady is a research-oriented university located at the outskirts. Other national educational institutes include the Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training, the National University of Advanced Legal Studies, the National Institute of Oceanography and the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute.[205][206][207]

Kochi has some of the leading B-Schools in the region. The Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode (IIMK) has set up its first satellite campus at Athulya building in InfoPark, Kochi.[208] Cochin University's School of Management Studies (SMS) is the first and oldest managerial education institution in South India. SCMS Cochin is one of the emerging B-Schools in the country.[209] Another major B-School XIME is opening a new campus in Kochi.[210] Other leading managerial institutions include Rajagiri Centre for Business Studies, Kochi Business School, Amrita School of Business, Albertian Institute of Management and Toc-H B school.

The city and outskirts are home to four medical schools—Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre at Ponekkara, Cochin Medical College at Kalamassery, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, and M.O.S.C. Medical College, Kolenchery. Some of the prestigious general colleges are Maharaja's College, St. Albert's College, St. Teresa's College, Sacred Hearts College, Bharata Matha College, Aquina's College, De Paul Institute of Science & Technology (DIST) and Cochin College. The major Engineering and Technology colleges in the city are School of Engineering CUSAT, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology at Kalamassery, Model Engineering College, Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology and FISAT (Federal Institute of Science & Technology).[211]

Being the seat of the High Court of Kerala, several top legal education institutes are here. The Government Law College-Ernakulam is one of the oldest law schools in Kerala.[212] The School of Legal Studies (SLS), CUSAT is one of the leading graduate, post-graduate, and research institutes in the country. The National University of Advanced Legal Studies (NUALS) is located in the city, which is a premier law university in India and the only Law college listed in CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) in Kerala.

Social service organisations

Some of the main orphanages and rehabilitation shelters in Cochin City are Palluruthy Relief Settlement in Palluruthy Veli, Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan, Don Bosco Big Boys, Crescent Girls Orphanage, YMCA Boys Home, Bal Bhavan, Valsalya Bhavan.[213]

Palluruthy Relief Settlement is under Kochi Municipal Corporation and managed in association with Peoples Council for Social Justice. There are about 300 inmates and many of them are mentally ill.[214] The night shelter for women run by Kochi Municipal Corporation near Kerala State Road Transport Corporation bus stand provides free and safe accommodation.[215] Peoples Council for Social Justice was found in 1985 under the patronage of Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer with the aim to work for human rights protection, free legal aid and to strive for social justice.[216][217]

The orphanages for children under Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Cochi are Sneha Bhavan Annexe, SnehaBhavan, Valsalya Bhavan, Don Bosco and Bosco Nilayam. The Childline India project in Cochin is taken in collaboration with Don Bosco. Children in distress and in need of help can contact in '1098' (toll free number).[218] Sneha Bhavan Annexe is the first point of contact with children and children can stay as a safe night shelter.[219] Sneha Bhavan is a home for the children from the streets and for those from unhealthy and risky situations. The Valsalya Bhavan centre is solely for the girls who are rescued from the streets. Runaways, street children, children of sex workers, abused children and child labourers all live here. Along with primary and high school education at a local school, the centre provides shelter, food, clothing and educational support.[220]

There are also people doing independent social services within the city. The Italian Sister Fabiola conducts a home at Fort Kochi known as "Ashwasa Bhavan", for young orphaned children.[221] Br. Judson run his own "Mobile Bath Service" in his vehicle for the abandoned.[222][223]

Media

 
Akshara Mandiram at Marine Drive

Major Malayalam newspapers published in Kochi include Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Siraj Daily, Madhyamam, Deshabhimani, Deepika, Kerala Kaumudi, Janmabhumi, etc. Popular English newspapers include The Hindu, The New Indian Express, The Times of India, The Pioneer and The Deccan Chronicle. A number of evening papers are also published from the city.[224] Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are also available.

A number of financial publications are also published in the city. These include The Economic Times, Business Line, The Business Standard and The Financial Express. Prominent magazines and religious publications like the Sathyadeepam, The Week and Vanitha are also published from the city.

Kochi houses several leading Malayalam television channels like Asianet Plus, Flowers, Jeevan TV, Mazhavil Manorama, Kairali We, Manorama News and Reporter TV as well as major news bureaus of Asianet, Kairali TV, Amrita TV and Doordarshan. Prasar Bharati maintains its earth station and broadcasting centre in Kakkanad, Kochi. Satellite television services are available through DD Direct+, Dish TV, Airtel digital TV, Reliance DTH, Sun Direct DTH and Tata Sky. FM radio channels broadcast from Kochi[225] are Rainbow FM (AIR) 101.9 MHz, AIR Kochi 102.3 MHz, Club FM 94.3 MHz,[226] Radio Mango 91.9 MHz,[227] Red FM 93.5 MHz,[228] Radio Mirchi 104.0 MHz.[229]

Kochi is considered to be the hub of the vibrant Malayalam movie industry,[230] especially contemporary Malayalam movies. The rise of Kochi to the centre stage of the entertainment industry occurred coinciding with the economic boom of the last couple of decades. Many movies are shot in Kochi every year.[231] Kochi also has a host of state-of-the-art production and post-production facilities.[232][233][234][235][236] Due to these reasons, major section of film personalities including of actors, technical experts and other related workers reside in Kochi.[237][238] There are over 50 cinema halls that screen movies in Malayalam, Tamil, English and Hindi. The city hosts Kerala's first cine multiplex, at the Oberon Mall with four screens. Gold Souk Grande also has a cine multiplex operated by Q cinemas with four screens. PVR with 9 screens is another national multiplex brand that has presence in Kochi and is based out of LuLu International Shopping Mall. Cinepolis at Centre Square Mall with 11 screens is the first international megaplex brand in the state. 16 more multiplex screens are expected in the city in the near future.

The district has the largest number of telephone connections in Kerala.[239] Telephony services are provided by various private sector players like Aircel, Airtel, Idea Cellular, Vodafone, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Docomo, Jio, Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL. All the private sector telecom companies have their headquarters for Kerala circle located in Kochi.

Sports

Like elsewhere in Kerala, football is arguably the most passionate sport among the locals. In the Indian Super League, Kerala Blasters represents the city as well as the state of Kerala. The Blasters are one of the most widely supported clubs in the country as well as the fifth most followed football club from Asia in the social media.[240][241] Kochi was also home to the now defunct football clubs FC Kochin and Chirag United Kerala. FC Kochin is considered as the first fully professional football club from India.[242][243] Kochi was one of the six cities to host the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup held in India.[244]

 
The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is one of the largest stadiums in India
 
The Regional Sports Centre at Kadavanthra houses the Mahesh Bhupathi Tennis Academy

India's fourth largest stadium and third largest cricket stadium, the Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium located in Kaloor, is a major facility for football and cricket.[245][246] Kochi was home to the now defunct Indian Premier League cricket team, Kochi Tuskers which won franchise rights to play in the 2011 edition of IPL.

The Maharaja's Stadium located on MG Road in the heart of the city, is the major athletic facility in the state with synthetic tracks and turf grass as per international standards.[247] The Ambedkar stadium, maintained by GCDA, was developed exclusively for football with funds from Government of Kerala and FIFA.[248] Spanish club Real Madrid has proposed to set up a football school in Kochi.[249]

The Rajiv Gandhi Sports Complex at Kadavanthra is a major indoor stadium, mainly used for conducting badminton, tennis and basketball tournaments. The 25m X 10m swimming pool[250] at the centre is one of the larger water sports facility in the state, where regular swimming competitions and coaching are conducted.

The FACT Grounds at Udyogamandal, Sacred Heart's College Grounds, HMT Grounds at Kalamassery and St. Albert's College Grounds are the other major training facilities for various games like volleyball, badminton, cricket etc.

Kochi has two golf courses in the city, and one in the suburbs. The oldest golf club is located at Bolgatty Palace constructed in 1903, which is a nine-hole facility run by Cochin Golf Club society.[251] The Cochin Golf and Country Club located near to Cochin Airport, operated by CIAL, is Kerala's first 18-hole golf course with a playing area of over 7,200 yards. The first phase of the all-weather golf course comprising nine holes was opened in May 2010 for members and public. The expansion to an 18-hole course is progressing, which is scheduled to be open in September 2012.[252][253]

Being surrounded by water bodies, the city is ideal for Yachting. The Kerala Yachting Association and[254] the Cochin Yacht Club[255] are located in the city. Both organisations conduct regular yachting tournaments. Kochi was the only Indian city chosen for stopover during the Volvo Ocean Race 2008.

Navy

Main article: Southern Naval Command

The Southern Naval Command, one of the three main formations of the Indian Navy has its headquarters in Kochi at INS Venduruthy. It is commanded by the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief. The Southern Naval Command consists of Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), a training squadron, training establishments and bases, and land forces and survey ships. It has a naval air station, and a ship repair yard.[256][257]

The Indian Navy Day is also celebrated here. It is a week-long event showcasing warships, planes, helicopters etc. of the Indian Navy at INS Venduruthy. It is a public event attended in large numbers.[258][259]

The close by located Cochin Shipyard Limited is the largest shipbuilding and maintenance facility in India.[260] Presently it is building the first indigenous aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy.

Sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in India

Kochi is twinned with:

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Ma Huan: Ying Yai Sheng Lan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, translated by J.V.G. Mills, 1970 Hakluyt Society, reprint 1997, White Lotus Press, ISBN 974-8496-78-3.
  • Plunkett, R, Cannon, T, Davis, P, Greenway, P & Harding, P (2001), Lonely Planet South India, Lonely Planet, ISBN 1-86450-161-8.
  • Manorama Yearbook 2003 (English Edition), ISBN 81-900461-8-7.
  • Robert Charles Bristow. Cochin Saga, Paico Pub. House; 2d ed. edition (1967), OCLC 1659055.
  • Unemployment in Kerala at the turn of the 20th century Insights from the CDS gulf migration studies by K. C. Zachariah, S. Irudaya Rajan.
  • Kochi Rajyacharithram by KP Padmanabha Menon. P (1914)
  • "Akhilavijnanakosam". Malayalam Encyclopedia. D C Books Multimedia Series.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kochi, Kerala.
  • Official website (Government of Kerala)
  • Official website (Government of India)
  • The Story of India: South India, Cochin, BBC

March 08, 2023
kochi, this, article, about, city, india, city, japan, kōchi, city, japanese, prefecture, kōchi, prefecture, other, uses, disambiguation, cochin, redirects, here, other, uses, cochin, disambiguation, koˈtːʃi, listen, also, known, cochin, chin, official, name, . This article is about the city in India For the city in Japan see Kōchi city For the Japanese prefecture see Kōchi Prefecture For other uses see Kochi disambiguation Cochin redirects here For other uses see Cochin disambiguation Kochi koˈtːʃi listen also known as Cochin ˈ k oʊ tʃ ɪ n KOH chin 9 the official name until 1996 is a major port city on the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea which is a part of the Arabian Sea It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is commonly referred to as Ernakulam Kochi is the most densely populated city in Kerala As of 2011 it has a corporation limit population of 677 381 4 within an area of 94 88 km2 and a total urban population of more than of 2 1 million within an area of 440 km2 making it the largest and the most populous metropolitan area in Kerala Kochi city is also part of the Greater Cochin region 10 11 and is classified as a Tier II city by the Government of India The civic body that governs the city is the Kochi Municipal Corporation which was constituted in the year 1967 and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority 12 GCDA and the Goshree Islands Development Authority GIDA 13 The current metropolitan limits of Kochi include the mainland Ernakulam Fort Kochi the suburbs of Edapally Kalamassery Aluva and Kakkanad to the northeast Tripunithura to the southeast and a group of islands closely scattered in the Vembanad Lake Kochi CochinMetropolisClockwise from top Marine Drive Skyline Chinese Fishing Nets at Fort Kochi Cochin Shipyard Queen s Way Hill Palace InfoParkNickname Queen of the Arabian Sea 1 2 KochiShow map of KochiKochiShow map of KeralaKochiShow map of IndiaCoordinates 9 58 N 76 17 E 9 97 N 76 28 E 9 97 76 28 Coordinates 9 58 N 76 17 E 9 97 N 76 28 E 9 97 76 28Country IndiaStateKeralaDistrictErnakulamFormed1 April 1958 3 Government TypeMunicipal Corporation BodyKochi Municipal Corporation Greater Cochin Development Authority MayorM Anilkumar CPI M MPHibi Eden INC City Police CommissionerC H Nagaraju IPSArea 4 Metropolis94 88 km2 36 63 sq mi Metro 5 440 km2 170 sq mi Elevation0 m 0 ft Population 2011 4 Metropolis677 381 Density7 100 km2 18 000 sq mi Metro 6 2 119 724Demonym s Cochinite 7 8 Kochite Kochikaran M Kochikari F Languages OfficialMalayalam EnglishTime zoneUTC 5 30 IST PIN code s 682 XXX 683 XXXArea code 91 484Vehicle registrationKL 7 Ernakulam KL 39 Thripunithura KL 41 Aluva KL 42 North Paravur KL 43 Mattancherry KL 63 AngamalyJudicial CapitalHigh Court of KeralaCoastline48 kilometres 30 mi Sex ratio1028 1000 Literacy98 5 Development AgencyGCDA GIDAClimateAm Koppen Precipitation3 228 3 millimetres 127 10 in Websitecochinmunicipalcorporation wbr kerala wbr gov wbr inCalled the Queen of the Arabian Sea Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the west coast of India from the 14th century onward and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre Islamic era In 1505 the Portuguese established trading ports in Cochin There are still buildings like the Old Harbour House from this period some of which have been renovated in more recent times The Kingdom of Cochin allied with the Ming Dynasty Portuguese and Dutch and became a princely state of the British Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in Kerala 14 15 The city was ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine 16 In October 2019 Kochi was ranked seventh in Lonely Planet s list of top 10 cities in the world to visit in 2020 17 18 Kochi was one of the 28 Indian cities among the emerging 440 global cities that will contribute 50 of the world GDP by 2025 in a 2011 study done by the McKinsey Global Institute 19 In July 2018 Kochi was ranked the topmost emerging future megacity in India by global professional services firm JLL 20 21 Kochi is the first city in India to have a water metro project 22 Kochi is known as the financial 23 24 commercial 25 26 and industrial 27 28 capital of Kerala It has the highest GDP as well as the highest GDP per capita in the state 29 30 The city is home to the Southern Naval Command of the Indian Navy and is the state headquarters 31 32 of the Indian Coast Guard with an attached air squadron named Air Squadron 747 33 Commercial maritime facilities of the city include the Port of Kochi an International Container Transshipment Terminal the Cochin Shipyard offshore SPM of the BPCL Kochi Refinery 34 and the Kochi Marina Kochi is home for the International Pepper Exchange Marine Products Export Development Authority Coconut Development Board companies like HMT Apollo Tyres FACT IREL Petronet LNG Kochi Refineries V Guard and industrial parks like the Cochin Special Economic Zone Smart City Infopark and Kinfra Hi Tech Park Kochi is home for the High Court of Kerala and Lakshadweep Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory Indian Maritime University Sree Sankaracharya Sanskrit University and the Cochin University of Science and Technology and National University of Advanced Legal Studies Kochi was earlier home to Cochin Stock Exchange CSE Kochi has been hosting India s first art biennale the Kochi Muziris Biennale since 2012 which attracts international artists and tourists 35 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography and climate 3 1 Geography 3 2 Climate 4 Civic administration 4 1 Law and order 4 2 Politics 5 Economy 6 Transport 6 1 Air 6 2 Road 6 3 Public transport 6 3 1 Road 6 3 2 Rail 6 3 3 Metro 6 3 4 Water 7 Demographics 8 Culture 9 Healthcare 10 Education 10 1 Secondary education 10 2 Higher education 11 Social service organisations 12 Media 13 Sports 14 Navy 15 Sister cities 16 See also 17 References 18 Further reading 19 External linksEtymologyAncient travellers and tradesmen referred to Kochi variously alluding to it as Cocym Cochym Cochin and Kochi 36 The Cochin Jewish community called Cochin Kogin Hebrew קוגין which is seen in the seal of the synagogue owned by the community 37 The Arab merchants called this place Kashi which is seen in the books such as Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen 9 The origin of the name Kochi is thought to be the Malayalam word kochu azhi meaning small lagoon Accounts by Italian explorers Nicolo Conti 15th century and Fra Paoline in the 17th century say that it was called Kochchi named after the river connecting the backwaters to the sea 38 After the arrival of the Portuguese and later the British the name Cochin stuck as the official appellation The city reverted to a closer transcription of its original Malayalam name Kochi in 1996 This change in name was challenged by the city municipal corporation but court later dismissed the plea 39 HistoryMain article History of Kochi See also Kingdom of Cochin Muziris a port somewhere north of Kochi mostly identified with Kodungallur in Thrissur district was the centre of Indian spice trade for many centuries and was known to the Arabs Yavanas Greeks and Romans as well as Jews Syrians and Chinese since ancient times 40 Kochi rose to significance as a trading centre after the port Muziris around Kodungallur Cranganore was destroyed by the massive flooding of Periyar in 1341 41 The earliest documented references to Kochi occur in books written by Chinese voyager Ma Huan during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of Admiral Zheng He s treasure fleet 42 There are also references to Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller Niccolo Da Conti who visited Kochi in 1440 43 The ruler of Perumpadappu near Ponnani fled to Kodungallur in the early medieval period when the Zamorin of Calicut annexed Ponnani region after Tirunavaya war 44 They later moved to Kochi and established the Kingdom of Cochin 44 When Vasco Da Gama landed at Kozhikode and the Zamorin of Calicut fought against the Portuguese with Kunjali Marakkar the ruler of Cochin aligned with the Portuguese 44 Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral established Portuguese influence in Kochi Portuguese Cochim in 1500 which lasted until 1663 On the Malabar coast during the early 15th century Calicut and Kochi were in an intense rivalry so the Ming dynasty of China decided to intervene by granting special status to Kochi and its ruler known as Keyili 可亦里 to the Chinese 45 Calicut had been the dominant port city in the region but Kochi was emerging as its main rival 45 For the fifth Ming treasure voyage Admiral Zheng He was instructed to confer a seal upon Keyili of Kochi and enfeoff a mountain in his kingdom as the Zhenguo Zhi Shan 鎮國之山 Mountain Which Protects the Country 45 Zheng He delivered a stone tablet inscribed with a proclamation composed by the Yongle Emperor himself to Kochi 45 As long as Kochi remained under the protection of Ming China the Zamorin of Calicut was unable to invade Kochi and a military conflict was averted 45 The cessation of the Ming treasure voyages consequently had negative results for Kochi as the Zamorin of Calicut would eventually launch an invasion against Kochi 45 In the late 15th century the Zamorin occupied Kochi and installed his representative as the king of the port city 45 Names routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 1st century CE According to many historians the precursor state to Kingdom of Kochi came into existence in the early 12th century after the fall of the Chera Kingdom 46 The reign of the Kingdom was hereditary and the family that ruled over the region was known as the Perumpadappu Swaroopam in the local vernacular The port at Kozhikode held superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast while Kannur Kollam and Kochi were commercially important secondary ports where the traders from various parts of the world would gather 47 The Portuguese arrived at Kappad Kozhikode in 1498 during the Age of Discovery thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to India 48 Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral founded the first European settlement in India at Kochi in 1500 49 From 1503 to 1663 Fort Kochi Fort Emmanuel was ruled by Portugal This Portuguese period was a harrowing time for the Saint Thomas Christians Muslim Mappilas and the Jews as the Inquisition was active in Portuguese India The ruler of the Kingdom of Tanur who was a vassal to the Zamorin of Calicut sided with the Portuguese against his overlord at Kozhikode 44 As a result the Kingdom of Tanur Vettathunadu became one of the earliest Portuguese Colonies in India The ruler of Tanur also sided with Cochin 44 Many of the members of the royal family of Cochin in 16th and 17th centuries were selected from Vettom 44 However the Tanur forces under the king fought for the Zamorin of Calicut in the Battle of Cochin 1504 50 However the allegiance of the Mappila merchants in Tanur region still stayed under the Zamorin of Calicut 9 Kochi hosted the grave of Vasco da Gama the first European explorer to set sail for India who was buried at St Francis Church until his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539 51 The Portuguese rule was followed by that of the Dutch who renamed Fort Immanuel as Fort Stormsburg In meantime the Royal Family of Kochi relocated the capital of Kochi Kingdom to Thrissur leaving nominal authority over Islands of Kochi In 1664 Fort Kochi Municipality was established by Dutch making it the first municipality in Indian subcontinent which got dissolved when Dutch authority got weaker in the 18th century The remaining part of Kochi were governed by governors of Kochi Kingdom By 1773 the Mysore ruler Hyder Ali extended his conquest in the Malabar region to Kochi forcing it to become a tributary of Mysore The hereditary Prime Ministership of Kochi held by the Paliath Achans ended during this period 52 Map of Kochi in the 1635 Livro das Plantas de Todas as Fortalezas a catalogue of Portuguese forts in India Meanwhile clarification needed the Dutch fearing an outbreak of war on the United Provinces signed the Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1814 with the United Kingdom under which Kochi was ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for the island of Bangka east of Sumatra However there are evidences of English habitation in the region even before the signing of the treaty 53 In 1866 Fort Kochi municipality was reinstalled Fort Kochi which was a part of Malabar District until 1956 was made a municipality on 1 November 1866 along with Kannur Thalassery Kozhikode and Palakkad according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850 54 55 56 57 of the British Indian Empire Its first Municipal Council seating contest was conducted in 1883 In 1896 H H Rama Varma XV The Maharaja of Cochin initiated local administration by forming town councils in Mattancherry and Ernakulam In 1907 the Governor of the Madras Presidency Sir Arthur Lawley and his brother Beilby Lawley 3rd Baron Wenlock Governor of Madras 1891 to 1896 left for an official tour of Cochin and Travancore which lasted from 25 January to 14 February On 26 January they were met by His Highness the Rajah of Cochin who gave a State Dinner in their honour at Ernakulam 58 59 60 61 By the 1870s the capital of Kochi Kingdom was relocated again to Kochi Suburb of Tripunithura In 1910 Ernakulam became the administrative capital of Kochi Kingdom with establishment of Royal Secretariat and State Durbar The offices of the Diwan and High court were soon moved into Ernakulam 62 The Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest active synagogue in both India and the Commonwealth of Nations In 1925 Kochi legislative assembly was constituted due to public pressure on the state Towards the early 20th century trade at the port had increased substantially and the need to develop the port was greatly felt Harbour engineer Robert Bristow was brought to Kochi in 1920 under the direction of Lord Willingdon then the Governor of Madras In a span of 21 years he transformed Kochi as one of the safest harbours in the peninsula where ships berthed alongside the newly reclaimed inner harbour equipped with a long array of steam cranes 63 In 1947 when India gained independence from the British colonial rule Cochin was the first princely state to join India willingly 46 In 1949 Travancore Cochin state came into being with the merger of Cochin and Travancore The King of Travancore was the Rajpramukh of the Travancore Cochin Union from 1949 to 1956 Travancore Cochin was in turn merged with the Malabar district of the Madras State Finally the Government of India s States Reorganisation Act 1956 inaugurated a new state Kerala incorporating Travancore Cochin excluding the four southern Taluks which were merged with Tamil Nadu Malabar District and the taluk of Kasargod South Kanara 64 On 9 July 1960 the Mattancherry council passed a resolution which was forwarded to the government requesting the formation of a municipal corporation by combining the existing municipalities of Fort Kochi Mattancherry and Ernakulam The government appointed a commission to study the feasibility of the suggested merger Based on its report the Kerala Legislative Assembly approved the corporation s formation On 1 November 1967 exactly eleven years since the establishment of the state of Kerala the Kochi Municipal Corporation came into existence The merger leading to the establishment of the corporation was between the municipalities of Ernakulam Mattancherry and Fort Kochi along with that of the Willingdon Island four panchayats Palluruthy Vennala Vyttila and Edappally and the small islands of Gundu and Ramanthuruth 65 The Kochi and Ernakulam districts formed on 1 April 1958 carving areas of the erstwhile Travancore Kochi Malabar regions A major portion of the district is from the Kochi kingdom 3 The city s economic growth gathered momentum after economic reforms in India introduced by the central government in the early 1990s Since 2000 the service sector has energised the city s economy The establishment of several industrial parks based on IT and other port based infrastructure triggered a construction and realty boom in the city Over the years Kochi has witnessed rapid commercialisation and has today grown into the commercial hub of Kerala 66 Geography and climateMain article Geography of Kochi A view of Thevara from Kundannur bridge Geography Kochi is located on the southwest coast of India at 9 58 N 76 13 E 9 967 N 76 217 E 9 967 76 217 with a corporation limit area of 94 88 km2 36 63 sq mi 67 Over the years the city has expanded considerably outside the corporation limit set in 1967 although the official city limits hasn t yet been increased 68 69 The city straddles the backwaters encompassing the northern end of a peninsula several islands and a portion of the mainland To the west lies the Laccadive Sea and to the east is the urbanised region in the rest of the mainland area Much of Kochi lies at sea level with a coastline of 48 km 46 The current metropolitan limits of Kochi include the mainland Ernakulam Fort Kochi the suburbs of Edapally Kalamassery Aluva and Kakkanad to the northeast Tripunithura to the southeast and a group of islands closely scattered in the Vembanad Lake The state government and the GCDA have plans to include Mala and Kodungallur in Thrissur district Angamaly Perumbavoor Piravom and Kolenchery in Ernakulam district Thalayolaparambu and Vaikom in Kottayam and Cherthala in Alappuzha district within Kochi metropolitan limits The newly formed metropolis would be put under the charge of a new authority called Kochi Metropolitan Regional Development Authority 70 71 However The Hindu reported that the state government is yet to take any concrete steps in this regard 72 Soil consists of sediments such as alluvium teris brown sands etc Hydromorphic saline soils are also found in the areas surrounding the backwaters 46 Predominant rock types found here are Archaean basic dykes Charnockites and Gneisses An ecologically sensitive area the Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary is located in the central part of the city It has a wide range of mangrove species and is a nesting ground for a vast variety of migratory birds 73 Kochi s water needs are entirely dependent on ground water and the two rivers flowing through the district viz Periyar and Muvattupuzha Periyar serves the entire northern part of the city 74 whereas Muvattupuzha river under the JnNurm project covers the western part 75 Climate Under the Koppen climate classification Kochi features a tropical monsoon climate Am Kochi s proximity to the equator along with its coastal location results in little seasonal temperature variation with moderate to high levels of humidity Annual temperatures range between 23 and 31 C 73 and 88 F with the record high being 36 5 C 97 7 F and record low 16 3 C 61 3 F 76 From June to September the south west monsoon brings in heavy rains as Kochi lies on the windward side of the Western Ghats From October to December Kochi receives lighter yet significant rain from the northeast monsoon as it lies on the leeward side Average annual rainfall is 3 014 9 mm 118 70 in with an annual average of 124 rainy days 77 Climate data for Kochi Kochi Naval Base 1981 2010 extremes 1951 2012Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 36 4 97 5 35 7 96 3 36 0 96 8 36 5 97 7 35 2 95 4 34 2 93 6 33 1 91 6 32 5 90 5 34 2 93 6 34 6 94 3 35 0 95 0 35 2 95 4 36 5 97 7 Average high C F 31 9 89 4 32 0 89 6 32 6 90 7 33 0 91 4 32 4 90 3 30 3 86 5 29 6 85 3 29 5 85 1 30 2 86 4 30 7 87 3 31 3 88 3 31 9 89 4 31 3 88 3 Average low C F 23 0 73 4 24 2 75 6 25 5 77 9 25 9 78 6 25 7 78 3 24 2 75 6 23 8 74 8 24 0 75 2 24 2 75 6 24 1 75 4 24 1 75 4 23 2 73 8 24 3 75 7 Record low C F 16 5 61 7 16 3 61 3 21 6 70 9 21 2 70 2 21 1 70 0 20 4 68 7 17 6 63 7 20 6 69 1 21 1 70 0 19 2 66 6 19 2 66 6 17 7 63 9 16 3 61 3 Average rainfall mm inches 24 3 0 96 27 1 1 07 45 0 1 77 113 1 4 45 284 5 11 20 700 3 27 57 575 5 22 66 378 8 14 91 310 3 12 22 366 6 14 43 150 4 5 92 39 0 1 54 3 014 9 118 70 Average rainy days 1 1 1 2 2 6 6 9 11 0 23 0 22 8 19 0 13 4 14 2 7 2 1 8 124 2Average relative humidity at 17 30 IST 61 65 68 70 73 82 83 82 79 77 72 64 73Average ultraviolet index 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 12Source 1 India Meteorological Department 77 76 Source 2 Weather Atlas 78 Civic administrationKochi Municipal Corporation officials 79 Mayor Anilkumar MDeputy Mayor Ansiya K APolice Commissioner M P Dinesh IPS Kochi Municipal Corporation Town Hall The High Court of Kerala located in the city is the highest court in Kerala The city is governed by the Kochi Corporation headed by a mayor For administrative purposes the city is divided into 74 wards 80 from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years Earlier Fort Kochi Mattancherry and Ernakulam were the three Municipalities in Cochin area which was later merged to form the Cochin Corporation The corporation has its headquarters in Ernakulam and zonal offices at Fort Kochi Mattancherry Palluruthy Edappally and Pachalam 81 The general administration of the city is handled by the Personnel Department and the Council Standing committee Section 82 Other departments include that of town planning health engineering revenue and accounts The corporation is also responsible for waste disposal and sewage management The city produces more than 600 tons of waste per day and a large portion of waste is decomposed at Brahmapuram Solid Waste plant into organic manure 82 The supply of potable water sourced from the Periyar River is handled by Kerala Water Authority with support of Water works department of Kochi Corporation 83 Electricity is provided by the Kerala State Electricity Board The GCDA and GIDA are the government agencies initiating and monitoring the development of Greater Cochin area mainly in developing infrastructure facilities for the city 84 Law and order Kochi is the seat of High Court of Kerala the highest judicial body in the state of Kerala The Kochi City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner an Indian Police Service IPS officer The city is divided into five zones and each zone under a circle officer Apart from regular law amp order the city police comprises the Traffic Police Narcotics Cell Riot horse Armed Reserve Camps District Crime Records Bureau and a Women s Police station 85 It operates 19 police stations functioning under the Home Ministry of Government of Kerala An anti corruption branch of the Central Bureau of Investigation also operates out of the city CISF maintains 3 squadrons for providing security to various central and state heavy industries airport and seaport zones Other major central agencies are NIA DRI and Indian Customs due to the presence of major port According to National Crime Records Bureau NCRB Kochi reported significant increase of 193 7 per cent IPC crimes in 2010 compared to 2009 and reported a crime rate of 1 897 8 compared to the 424 1 in whole Kerala 86 However the city police commissioner defended that in major crimes such as murders and kidnapping the city registered a low crime rate even behind other cities in the state 87 Politics Kochi is part of the Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency in Indian Parliament 88 The current elected Member of Parliament representing the constituency is Hibi Eden of Indian National Congress 89 The Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency elects seven members to the state Legislative Assembly one each from Ernakulam Kalamassery Kochi Paravur Thrikkakara Thrippunithura and Vypin EconomyMain article Economy of Kochi Kochi is widely referred to as the financial 23 and commercial 25 capital of Kerala Federal Bank the fourth largest Private sector bank in India is located in Aluva which is a suburb of Kochi Being a major online trading centre in the country Kochi has a newly opened SEBI office 90 The Greater Cochin Development Authority is the statutory body overseeing the development of the city Established in 1926 the Cochin Port Trust overlooks the activities of Cochin Port Wonderla amusement park Kochi Kakkanad is a major industrial center and is home to the Cochin Special Economic Zone Infopark and Smart City Availability of electricity fresh water long coastline backwaters good banking facilities presence of a major port container trans shipment terminal harbour terminal and an international air terminal are some of the factors which accelerated the industrial growth in the city and its adjoining district 66 In recent years the city has witnessed heavy investment thus making it one of the fastest growing second tier metro cities in India 91 92 Sales tax income generated in the Kochi metropolitan area contributes heavily to state revenue 93 94 Kochi LNG Terminal Vembanad Rail Bridge is the longest railway bridge in India Vallarpadam Terminal is the first transshipment terminal in India The Kochi International Marina is the only international marina in India InfoPark Kochi The district contributes 15 1 of the state GDP 95 Construction and manufacturing industries combined contributes 37 of the district s total GDP and trade tourism and hospitality industries together provides another 20 Major business sectors include construction manufacturing shipbuilding transportation shipping seafood and spices exports chemical industries information technology IT tourism health services and banking Kochi is recognised as one of the seventeen major industrial cities of India by the World Bank Group However in the 2009 rankings of ease to start and operate a business among the 17 Indian cities selected Kochi was rated as the second most difficult city to start business and was ranked 16th above Kolkata 96 As in most of Kerala remittances from non resident Indians NRI s is a major source of income 97 Eloor situated 13 kilometres 8 1 miles north of the city centre is the largest industrial belt in Kerala with more than 250 factories manufacturing a range of products including chemical and petrochemical products pesticides rare earth elements rubber processing chemicals fertilisers zinc and chromium compounds and leather products 98 Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited FACT one of the oldest fertilizers and chemical industry in Kerala is located in Kochi 99 Kochi Refineries of BPCL at Ambalamugal is the largest state owned refinery in India Petronet India has now almost completed Kochi LNG Terminal for importing and storing natural gas for energy and fueling needs 100 Central Government establishments like the Coconut Development Board the Coir Board and the Marine Products Export Development Authority MPEDA have head offices located in the city Kalamassery which is situated around 16 5 km from the City Center is one of the major Industrial areas Leading factories like FACT HMT and IT Biotechnology park like KINFRA Hi Tech Park are located here The Cochin University of Science and Technology is located at Kalamassery Irimpanam is another major industrial area in Kochi The Seaport Airport Road SPAP Road passes through this place and oil giants like Indian Oil Corporation Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum have plants here 101 102 103 Like elsewhere in Kerala tourism is one of the major contributors of the local economy Ernakulam district in which Kochi is situated ranks first in the total number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala 15 and thus contributes to the economy of the city The tourist enclave at Fort Kochi and presence of several historical monuments museums etc as well as natural attractions like the Vembanad lake and the backwaters attract large number of tourists to the city Presence of several leading hospitality brands have been a major source of employment for locals The Kochi Port is one of the leading ports where international cruisers call on regularly 104 The city has the first marina facility 105 in the country Kochi Marina which attracts large number of yacht totters Real Estate industry is also one industry which is contributing a lot to the economy of Kochi Many players have entered the market and have developed residential properties Kochi is the headquarters of the Southern Naval Command the primary training centre of the Indian Navy 106 The Cochin Shipyard contributes to the economy of the city 107 108 The fishing harbour at Thoppumpady is a minor fishing port in the state and supplies fish to local and export markets To further tap the potential of the all season harbour at Kochi an international cruise terminal was also constructed 109 Exports and allied activities are also important contributors to the city s economy The Cochin Port currently handles export and import of container cargo at its terminal at Willingdon Island The International Container Transshipment Terminal operating out of Vallarpadam is India s largest transshipment terminal 110 111 112 113 Cochin Port Trust also planning to build an Outer Harbour near Puthuvype 114 Kochi s historical reliance on trade continues into modern times as the city is a major exporter of spices and is home to the International Pepper Exchange where black pepper is globally traded The Spices Board of India and World Spice Organisation are headquartered in Kochi The IT and ITES related industries are growing up in Kochi Availability of cheap bandwidth through undersea cables and lower operational costs compared to other major cities in India has been to its advantage Various technology and industrial campuses including the government promoted InfoPark Cochin Special Economic Zone and KINFRA Export Promotion Industrial Park operate in the outskirts of the city Several new industrial campuses are under construction in the suburbs of the city SmartCity at Kakkanad is one of the prominent projects 115 Cyber City at Kalamassery is another integrated IT township SEZ being planned in the private sector 116 Kochi has an established electronics hardware industry with companies such as V Guard Industries OEN India Limited FCI OEN Connectors and SFO Technologies The Government of Kerala has announced a project to build an industrial park named Electronic City 117 spanning an area of 340 acres 140 ha to cater to the electronic hardware industries The private operator NeST 118 is building a Special Economic Zone specifically for electronics hardware spanning an area of 30 acres 12 ha The Cochin International Airport is in the process of setting up an aerotropolis at Nedumbassery 119 120 TransportMain article Transport in Kochi A panoramic view of Vyttila Mobility Hub Air The air gateway to Kochi is the Cochin International Airport CIAL located at Nedumbassery which is about 28 km 17 mi north of Kochi city and handles both domestic and international flights 121 It is the first international airport in India to be built without Central Government funds 122 and is the world s first fully solar energy powered airport The Cochin airport provides direct connectivity to popular international destinations in the Middle East Malaysia Thailand and Singapore and to most major Indian cities apart from tourist destinations like Lakshadweep Kochi is also the headquarters of the Air India Express service With a terminal area of 840 000 sq ft 78 000 m2 and a passenger capacity of 2200 international and domestic it is the largest and busiest airport in the state 123 It is also the fourth busiest airport in India in terms of international passenger traffic and seventh busiest overall 124 125 The Cochin International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the country and the first fully solar powered airport in the world A KSRTC Double decker bus on service in the city Kochi Metro is the fastest completed metro project in India Ernakulam Boat Jetty is one of the main boat jetties in the city Ferry Service boat at Kochi backwaters Road Kochi is well connected to neighbouring cities and states via several highways It is a node in the North South Corridor of the National Highway system 126 127 The road infrastructure in Kochi has not been able to meet the growing traffic demand and hence traffic congestion is a major problem in the city 128 Kochi is served by National Highway 66 National Highway 544 National Highway 966A and National Highway 966B 129 130 131 Several state highways also connect Kochi with other parts of Kerala 132 SH 15 Ettumanoor Ernakulam Road connects the city to Kottayam Pala Kumily Changanacherry Pathanamthitta etc SH 41 Palarivattom Thekkady Road provides a corridor to the eastern parts of the district SH 63 Vypeen Pallipuram Road and SH 66 Alappuzha Thoppumpady road are coastal roads that serve the narrow sliver of land between the backwaters and the sea The main arterial roads of the city are the Mahatma Gandhi Road and Sahodaran Ayyappan Road in Ernakulam constructed in 1925 amp 1962 respectively which runs parallel amp perpendicular to the coast and having the proposed Metro Rail connectivity The Seaport Airport Road is another major road and connects the Cochin Seaport to the Cochin International Airport The Infopark Expressway in Kakkanad is connected to the Seaport Airport Road and stretches all the way to Infopark Other major roads include Chittoor Road Banerji Road Shanmugham Road Kochi Bypass Kaloor Kadavanthra Road Park Avenue etc A new ring road is proposed for Kochi city by the state government for which a project study is being currently undertaken by NATPAC 133 Public transport Road The primary form of public transport within the city is largely dependent on privately owned bus networks The state run also operates its services in the city through the Thirukochi service The major bus terminals in the city are Ernakulam Town Ernakulam Jetty and the private bus terminal at Kaloor An integrated transit terminal namely The Mobility Hub at Vytilla is under second phase of construction The terminal acts as a hub for long distance bus services away from the city centre and also a converging point for different modes of public transport namely bus metro and ferry 134 Kochi is one of the few cities to be granted the new generation air conditioned low floor and non air conditioned semi low floor buses under the JNNURM city transport development project KURTC and private buses operate frequent schedules to neighbouring areas of Nedumbassery Perumbavoor Aluva Muvattupuzha Kothamangalam Cherthala and Poochakkal Taxis and auto rickshaws called autos are available for hire throughout the day Development of road infrastructure not keeping pace with the increase in traffic is a major problem faced by Kochi like most other parts of Kerala 135 Rail The city has four major railway stations Ernakulam Junction Ernakulam Town locally known as the South and North railway stations respectively Aluva Angamaly and Tripunithura followed by smaller stations Edapally and Kalamassery There is also the Cochin Harbour Terminus providing rail connectivity to the southern segment of the Port of Kochi The terminus is currently under renovation for the suburban rail networks in the city The main rail transport system in Kochi is operated by the Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways and comes under Thiruvananthapuram Railway division The South station is one of the busiest railway stations in South India with more than 128 scheduled train services daily 136 The North station situated on the northern side of the city caters mostly to long distance services that bypass the South station and also is an additional halt station for many trains There is also a historic station named as Ernakulam Terminus station code ERG situated behind the High Court Great personalities like Mahatma Gandhi and The British Viceroy have visited Cochin through this old railway station Ernakulam Terminus was the first station to serve the city but had to be abandoned in the early 1960s Now this station operates as a goods depot of Southern Railway 137 Metro Main article Kochi Metro The Kochi Metro is a metro rapid transit system serving the city of Kochi intended to considerably ease traffic congestion in the city and its surrounding metropolitan area 138 It is being set up at an overall estimated cost of 5 146 crore US 640 million The Phase 1 of the metro system will have 22 stations connecting the suburban towns of Aluva and Pettah while passing through downtown 139 The first half of the Phase 1 of Kochi Metro was inaugurated on 17 June 2017 by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi Currently Kochi Metro is operational from Aluva till Maharaja s College along the Kalamassery Edappally Kaloor MG Road stretch covering a total of 18 4 km with 16 operational metro stations 140 Water See also Kochi Water Metro Kochi ranks among India s major seaports partly due to being one of the safest harbours in the Indian Ocean 141 The port administered by a statutory autonomous body known as the Cochin Port Trust offers facilities for bunkering handling cargo and passenger ships and storage accommodation The port is a complex of three islands one of which is man made 142 It also operates passenger ships to Colombo and Lakshadweep Boat services are operated by Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation the State Water Transport Department and private firms from various boat jetties in the city The junkar ferry for the transshipment of vehicles and passengers between the islands are operated between Ernakulam and Vypin and between Vypin and Fort Kochi However with the construction of the Goshree bridges which links Kochi s islands ferry transport has become less essential The main boat jetties are Ernakulam Main Boat Jetty near Park Avenue High Court Jetty in Banerjee Road Embarkation Jetty in Willingdon Island and Fort Kochi Jetty 143 In December 2021 Kochi became India s first city to have a water metro project The integrated transport system connects 10 islands of Kochi through a network of 15 routes that span 76km and 38 jetties DemographicsReligions in Kochi City 2011 Religion PercentageHinduism 43 78 Christianity 38 12 Islam 17 56 Others 0 54 See also Hinduism in Kerala Cochin Jews Saint Thomas Christians Islam in Kerala and Latin ChurchKochi has the highest population density in Kerala with 7139 people per km2 The Santa Cruz Basilica at Fort Kochi is one of the eight Basilicas in IndiaAs of 2011 update Kochi had a metropolitan area population of 2 117 990 The female to male ratio is 1 028 1 000 significantly higher than the all India average of 933 1 000 Kochi s literacy rate is 97 5 The female literacy rate lags that of males by 1 1 amongst the lowest such gaps in India Dharmanath Jain Temple at Mattancherry Kochi s major religions are Hinduism Christianity and Islam Jainism Judaism Sikhism and Buddhism with smaller followings are also practised in Kochi Though 44 practice Hinduism Christianity s large following 38 makes Kochi a city with one of the largest Christian populations in India 144 The majority of the city s residents are Malayalis However there are significant ethnic minority communities including Tamils Gujaratis Jews Anglo Indians Sikhs and Konkanis 145 146 Malayalam is the main language of communication and medium of instruction for primary education although a number of schools do offer English medium education The higher education is invariably in English medium and it is the preferred language in business circles Tamil and Hindi are widely understood albeit rarely spoken Like other fast growing cities in the developing world Kochi suffers from major urbanisation problems The city was ranked tenth among Indian cities in terms of house cost and availability urban household crowding and household incomes 147 The government has plans to make the city slum free by 2016 148 According to the National Crime Records Bureau the city holds the fourth position in the number of recorded crimes in India 149 150 151 In 2009 the city recorded an average crime rate of 646 3 against the national average of 181 4 150 But Kochi City Police Commissioner later clarified that this anomaly was due to higher reporting rates of minor crimes in Kochi than in other Indian cities 87 The State Crime Records Bureau SCRB report gives further credence to this as it finds that Kochi has the fewest crime against women in the state of Kerala 152 According to the 2011 CII Institute of Competitiveness report on Liveability 153 Kochi stands first in the state and sixth in the country Kochi is ranked seventh in the list of the top ten most affluent cities in India by 2009 study by Nielsen Company 154 Kochi was ranked the fourth cleanest city in India in the Swachch Bharat rankings for cities It was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagship Smart Cities Mission 155 CultureMain article Culture of Kochi See also Cuisine of Kerala and List of Tourist attractions in Kochi Marine Drive Kochi As a result of successive waves of migration over the course of several centuries the population of the city is a mix of people from all parts of Kerala and most of India The pan Indian nature is highlighted by the substantial presence of various ethnic communities from different parts of the country 156 Pedestrians can stroll along the Marine Drive a waterfront promenade of Kochi LuLu Mall is one of the largest shopping malls in India The Kettuvallom Bridge at Marine Drive Kochi has a diverse multicultural and secular community consisting of Malayalis Konkanis 157 158 Gujaratis 145 Bengalis 159 Marathis 160 Punjabis 146 161 Tamilians Kannadigas Biharias Anglo Indians and a few families of Jews among other denominations The city once had a large Jewish community known as the Malabar Yehuden and now increasingly as Cochin Jews who figured prominently in Kochi s business and economic strata 162 and owned several Synagogues across Kochi and nearby areas such as Chendamangalam Paravur or Mala Kochi was one among the seven diocese of Syrian Orthodox Jacobite Syrian Christian Church in Kerala formed in 1876 The seat of the Bishop is at St George Cathedral Karingachira Also At Mary s Cathedral Elamkulam seat of bishop of Simhasana churches of Jacobites is in the city The seat of Roman Catholic Cathedral of Kerala s first Archdiocese Archdiocese of Verapoly and the first diocese Diocese of Cochin are located in the city The Syro Malabar Church one of the 22 sui iuris Eastern Catholic Churches and a part of the Saint Thomas Christian community has its seat at Ernakulam Prominent places of Christian worship include the St Mary s Syro Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica Ernakulam St Francis Assisi Roman Catholic Cathedral Ernakulam Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom Vallarpadam Ernakulam Santa Cruz Basilica Roman Catholic Cathedral Fort Kochi St Antony s Shrine at Kaloor St George Forane Church Edappally and Appropriate to its multi ethnic composition Kochi celebrates traditional Kerala festivals like Onam and Vishu along with North Indian Hindu festivals like Holi with great fervour Christian and Islamic festivals like Christmas Easter Eid ul Fitr and Milad e sherif are also celebrated A merry making fest called the Cochin Carnival is celebrated at Fort Kochi during the last ten days of December 163 The residents of Kochi are known as Kochiites they are an important part of the South Indian culture However the city s culture is rapidly evolving with Kochiites generally becoming more cosmopolitan in their outlook 92 The people are also increasingly fashion conscious often deviating from the traditional Kerala wear to western clothing Kochiites generally partake of Keralite cuisine which is generally characterised by an abundance of coconut and spices Other South Indian cuisines as well as Chinese and North Indian cuisines are popular Fast food culture is also very prominent 164 Being a tourist hotspot Fort Kochi have a number of restaurants that offer international cuisine like Italian French Mexican etc Being close to the ocean and the backwaters Kochi has an abundance of seafood which reflects in the cuisine Cochin is also called the official food capital of Kerala with largest number of restaurants and cafeterias in Kerala that serves every kind of delicious cuisine A service known as You Buy We Cook is available at the waterfront of Fort Kochi where the fresh seafood purchased from the nets is cooked as per the customers needs 165 Arabian food joints that serve Shawarma and roasted chicken are a new addition to the fast food scene in the city Kochi also has a number of shopping malls including Oberon Mall Gold Souk Grande Bay Pride Mall Centre Square Mall Abad Nucleus Mall and LuLu Mall which is one of the largest shopping malls in India in terms of total leasable area of 17 acres 7 ha 166 167 168 Various shopping malls are expected to open in the city in the near future including Forum Thomsun Mall 169 Kochi is the official food capital of Kerala because of the highest number of restaurants and the varieties of foods available Kochi serves every type of food available in Kerala Its very famous for varieties of non vegetarian food 170 Kochi also has the most five star hotels in the state These include international brands like Crowne Plaza 171 Marriott International 172 Grand Hyatt 173 Sheraton 174 Le Meridien 175 Radisson Blu 176 Holiday Inn 177 Ramada 178 Ibis 179 Taj Malabar 180 The Gateway 181 etc Kochi was home to some of the most influential figures in Malayalam literature including Changampuzha Krishna Pillai 182 Kesari Balakrishna Pillai 183 G Sankara Kurup 184 and Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon 185 Prominent social reformers such as Sahodaran Ayyappan 186 and Pandit Karuppan 187 also are from Kochi The Kochi International Book Festival is an annual event The Maharajas of Kochi then Cochin were scholars who knew the epics and encouraged the arts The paintings at the Hill Palace and the Dutch Palace are testimony to their love for arts Kochiites are known for their enthusiasm in sports especially football and cricket 188 The Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium in Kochi is one of the largest stadiums in India with floodlights for Cricket and Football matches 189 The Regional Sports Centre is an important centre of sporting activity in the city Kochi is reportedly the sixth best city in India according to the livability index of 2011 190 Healthcare Aster Medcity is one of the largest hospitals in the country With many advanced tertiary quaternary care facilities Kochi has one of the best healthcare facilities in India It is the prime destination for people seeking advanced healthcare facilities from across Kerala 191 192 In recent times it has attracted many patients from India the Middle East Africa Europe and the United States looking for relatively inexpensive advanced medical care Kochi is the only city from Kerala that have carried out successful heart transplantations 193 Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Sunrise Hospital Specialist Hospital Medical Trust Hospital PVS Memorial Hospital Renai Medicity Lakeshore Hospital Lisie Hospital Aster Medcity 194 Rajagiri Institute of Medical Sciences are some of the advanced tertiary quaternary healthcare facilities in Kochi 195 Other reputed institutions in the city include Ernakulam Medical Centre KIMS Hospital Gautham Hospital Lourdes Hospital and Saraf Hospital Some of the reputed fertility related treatment centres in India like Vijaya Hospital Bourn Hall Clinic 196 and CIMAR are located in Kochi General Hospital Ernakulam and Government Medical College Ernakulam are the notable medical institutions in the government sector in Kochi In August 2019 a home daycare program in the district Arike has started for extending the service of the home palliative care Nurses who have undergone training in palliative care will be reaching out to patients at home every day on two wheelers The service will be available to those who have registered with the General Hospital s home palliative care programme 197 EducationSee also Education in India Education in Kerala and Educational Institutions in Ernakulam District Established in 1875 the Maharaja s College is one of the oldest colleges in the state The main building of Model Engineering College was inspired from India s first satellite Aryabhatta The Cochin University of Science and Technology is one of the top educational institutions in the country Rajagiri College of Social Sciences at Kalamassery Secondary education The pattern of primary education is essentially the same all over the state There are government owned schools and government aided schools which are affiliated to the Kerala State Education Board A few privately owned schools are also affiliated to the system Most of the schools owned by private organisations or individuals are affiliated to the Central Board for Secondary Education CBSE 198 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education ICSE have some schools affiliated to them as well 199 The state education board offers both Malayalam and English medium instruction while the other boards offer English medium alone There are a few schools that follow international curricula such as IB and IGCSE 200 There 34 government schools 67 private aided schools and 31 unaided schools affiliated to the Kerala State Education Board in the city and suburbs 201 There are 62 CBSE Schools 2 IGCSE and 9 ICSE Schools as well 202 203 The notable schools in the government sector are Sree Rama Varma High School Edappally High School Government School Kochi and Govt Girls Higher Secondary School Ernakulam There are Kendriya Vidyalaya Chinmaya Mission and Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan run several quasi private charter schools within the city limits as well as in the suburbs There are several private schools both aided amp unaided0 that are owned by secular and religious trusts which are of particular renown such as St Albert s HSS Ernakulam St Teresa s CGHSS St Mary s CGHSS Ernakulam St Antony s CGHSS Model Technical Higher Secondary School Kaloor The Delta Study Rajagiri Public School Campion School Assisi Vidyaniketan Cochin Refineries School Gregorian Public School Greets Public School Toc H Public School Navy Children School Global Public School Choice School Vidyodaya School Mar Thoma Public School Nava Nirman Public School and St Pauls International School Kalamassery The Charter School Kochi 204 Higher education The Cochin University of Science and Technology CUSAT is a major university named after the city Most of the colleges in Kochi offering tertiary education are affiliated either with the Mahatma Gandhi University or with the Cochin University Kochi has one of the campuses of the Indian Maritime University at Willingdon Island Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit in Kalady is a research oriented university located at the outskirts Other national educational institutes include the Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training the National University of Advanced Legal Studies the National Institute of Oceanography and the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 205 206 207 Kochi has some of the leading B Schools in the region The Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode IIMK has set up its first satellite campus at Athulya building in InfoPark Kochi 208 Cochin University s School of Management Studies SMS is the first and oldest managerial education institution in South India SCMS Cochin is one of the emerging B Schools in the country 209 Another major B School XIME is opening a new campus in Kochi 210 Other leading managerial institutions include Rajagiri Centre for Business Studies Kochi Business School Amrita School of Business Albertian Institute of Management and Toc H B school The city and outskirts are home to four medical schools Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre at Ponekkara Cochin Medical College at Kalamassery Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences and M O S C Medical College Kolenchery Some of the prestigious general colleges are Maharaja s College St Albert s College St Teresa s College Sacred Hearts College Bharata Matha College Aquina s College De Paul Institute of Science amp Technology DIST and Cochin College The major Engineering and Technology colleges in the city are School of Engineering CUSAT SCMS School of Engineering and Technology at Kalamassery Model Engineering College Rajagiri School of Engineering amp Technology and FISAT Federal Institute of Science amp Technology 211 Being the seat of the High Court of Kerala several top legal education institutes are here The Government Law College Ernakulam is one of the oldest law schools in Kerala 212 The School of Legal Studies SLS CUSAT is one of the leading graduate post graduate and research institutes in the country The National University of Advanced Legal Studies NUALS is located in the city which is a premier law university in India and the only Law college listed in CLAT Common Law Admission Test in Kerala Social service organisationsSome of the main orphanages and rehabilitation shelters in Cochin City are Palluruthy Relief Settlement in Palluruthy Veli Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Don Bosco Big Boys Crescent Girls Orphanage YMCA Boys Home Bal Bhavan Valsalya Bhavan 213 Palluruthy Relief Settlement is under Kochi Municipal Corporation and managed in association with Peoples Council for Social Justice There are about 300 inmates and many of them are mentally ill 214 The night shelter for women run by Kochi Municipal Corporation near Kerala State Road Transport Corporation bus stand provides free and safe accommodation 215 Peoples Council for Social Justice was found in 1985 under the patronage of Justice V R Krishna Iyer with the aim to work for human rights protection free legal aid and to strive for social justice 216 217 The orphanages for children under Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Cochi are Sneha Bhavan Annexe SnehaBhavan Valsalya Bhavan Don Bosco and Bosco Nilayam The Childline India project in Cochin is taken in collaboration with Don Bosco Children in distress and in need of help can contact in 1098 toll free number 218 Sneha Bhavan Annexe is the first point of contact with children and children can stay as a safe night shelter 219 Sneha Bhavan is a home for the children from the streets and for those from unhealthy and risky situations The Valsalya Bhavan centre is solely for the girls who are rescued from the streets Runaways street children children of sex workers abused children and child labourers all live here Along with primary and high school education at a local school the centre provides shelter food clothing and educational support 220 There are also people doing independent social services within the city The Italian Sister Fabiola conducts a home at Fort Kochi known as Ashwasa Bhavan for young orphaned children 221 Br Judson run his own Mobile Bath Service in his vehicle for the abandoned 222 223 Media Akshara Mandiram at Marine Drive Major Malayalam newspapers published in Kochi include Malayala Manorama Mathrubhumi Siraj Daily Madhyamam Deshabhimani Deepika Kerala Kaumudi Janmabhumi etc Popular English newspapers include The Hindu The New Indian Express The Times of India The Pioneer and The Deccan Chronicle A number of evening papers are also published from the city 224 Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi Kannada Tamil and Telugu are also available A number of financial publications are also published in the city These include The Economic Times Business Line The Business Standard and The Financial Express Prominent magazines and religious publications like the Sathyadeepam The Week and Vanitha are also published from the city Kochi houses several leading Malayalam television channels like Asianet Plus Flowers Jeevan TV Mazhavil Manorama Kairali We Manorama News and Reporter TV as well as major news bureaus of Asianet Kairali TV Amrita TV and Doordarshan Prasar Bharati maintains its earth station and broadcasting centre in Kakkanad Kochi Satellite television services are available through DD Direct Dish TV Airtel digital TV Reliance DTH Sun Direct DTH and Tata Sky FM radio channels broadcast from Kochi 225 are Rainbow FM AIR 101 9 MHz AIR Kochi 102 3 MHz Club FM 94 3 MHz 226 Radio Mango 91 9 MHz 227 Red FM 93 5 MHz 228 Radio Mirchi 104 0 MHz 229 Kochi is considered to be the hub of the vibrant Malayalam movie industry 230 especially contemporary Malayalam movies The rise of Kochi to the centre stage of the entertainment industry occurred coinciding with the economic boom of the last couple of decades Many movies are shot in Kochi every year 231 Kochi also has a host of state of the art production and post production facilities 232 233 234 235 236 Due to these reasons major section of film personalities including of actors technical experts and other related workers reside in Kochi 237 238 There are over 50 cinema halls that screen movies in Malayalam Tamil English and Hindi The city hosts Kerala s first cine multiplex at the Oberon Mall with four screens Gold Souk Grande also has a cine multiplex operated by Q cinemas with four screens PVR with 9 screens is another national multiplex brand that has presence in Kochi and is based out of LuLu International Shopping Mall Cinepolis at Centre Square Mall with 11 screens is the first international megaplex brand in the state 16 more multiplex screens are expected in the city in the near future The district has the largest number of telephone connections in Kerala 239 Telephony services are provided by various private sector players like Aircel Airtel Idea Cellular Vodafone Reliance Infocomm Tata Docomo Jio Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL All the private sector telecom companies have their headquarters for Kerala circle located in Kochi SportsLike elsewhere in Kerala football is arguably the most passionate sport among the locals In the Indian Super League Kerala Blasters represents the city as well as the state of Kerala The Blasters are one of the most widely supported clubs in the country as well as the fifth most followed football club from Asia in the social media 240 241 Kochi was also home to the now defunct football clubs FC Kochin and Chirag United Kerala FC Kochin is considered as the first fully professional football club from India 242 243 Kochi was one of the six cities to host the 2017 FIFA U 17 World Cup held in India 244 The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is one of the largest stadiums in India The Regional Sports Centre at Kadavanthra houses the Mahesh Bhupathi Tennis Academy India s fourth largest stadium and third largest cricket stadium the Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium located in Kaloor is a major facility for football and cricket 245 246 Kochi was home to the now defunct Indian Premier League cricket team Kochi Tuskers which won franchise rights to play in the 2011 edition of IPL The Maharaja s Stadium located on MG Road in the heart of the city is the major athletic facility in the state with synthetic tracks and turf grass as per international standards 247 The Ambedkar stadium maintained by GCDA was developed exclusively for football with funds from Government of Kerala and FIFA 248 Spanish club Real Madrid has proposed to set up a football school in Kochi 249 The Rajiv Gandhi Sports Complex at Kadavanthra is a major indoor stadium mainly used for conducting badminton tennis and basketball tournaments The 25m X 10m swimming pool 250 at the centre is one of the larger water sports facility in the state where regular swimming competitions and coaching are conducted The FACT Grounds at Udyogamandal Sacred Heart s College Grounds HMT Grounds at Kalamassery and St Albert s College Grounds are the other major training facilities for various games like volleyball badminton cricket etc Kochi has two golf courses in the city and one in the suburbs The oldest golf club is located at Bolgatty Palace constructed in 1903 which is a nine hole facility run by Cochin Golf Club society 251 The Cochin Golf and Country Club located near to Cochin Airport operated by CIAL is Kerala s first 18 hole golf course with a playing area of over 7 200 yards The first phase of the all weather golf course comprising nine holes was opened in May 2010 for members and public The expansion to an 18 hole course is progressing which is scheduled to be open in September 2012 252 253 Being surrounded by water bodies the city is ideal for Yachting The Kerala Yachting Association and 254 the Cochin Yacht Club 255 are located in the city Both organisations conduct regular yachting tournaments Kochi was the only Indian city chosen for stopover during the Volvo Ocean Race 2008 NavyMain article Southern Naval Command The Southern Naval Command one of the three main formations of the Indian Navy has its headquarters in Kochi at INS Venduruthy It is commanded by the Flag Officer Commanding in Chief The Southern Naval Command consists of Flag Officer Sea Training FOST a training squadron training establishments and bases and land forces and survey ships It has a naval air station and a ship repair yard 256 257 The Indian Navy Day is also celebrated here It is a week long event showcasing warships planes helicopters etc of the Indian Navy at INS Venduruthy It is a public event attended in large numbers 258 259 The close by located Cochin Shipyard Limited is the largest shipbuilding and maintenance facility in India 260 Presently it is building the first indigenous aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy Sister citiesSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in India Kochi is twinned with Norfolk Virginia United States 261 Menlo Park California United States 262 Pyatigorsk Russia 263 See alsoNeighbourhoods of Kochi List of tallest buildings in Kochi List of tourist attractions in Kochi Portuguese CochinReferences K C Sivaramakrishnan 2006 People s Participation in Urban Governance Concept Publishing Company p 156 ISBN 81 8069 326 0 Archived from the original on 8 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original on 26 October 2016 Retrieved 13 January 2018 Further readingMa Huan Ying Yai Sheng Lan The Overall Survey of the Ocean s Shores translated by J V G Mills 1970 Hakluyt Society reprint 1997 White Lotus Press ISBN 974 8496 78 3 Plunkett R Cannon T Davis P Greenway P amp Harding P 2001 Lonely Planet South India Lonely Planet ISBN 1 86450 161 8 Manorama Yearbook 2003 English Edition ISBN 81 900461 8 7 Robert Charles Bristow Cochin Saga Paico Pub House 2d ed edition 1967 OCLC 1659055 Unemployment in Kerala at the turn of the 20th century Insights from the CDS gulf migration studies by K C Zachariah S Irudaya Rajan Kochi Rajyacharithram by KP Padmanabha Menon P 1914 Akhilavijnanakosam Malayalam Encyclopedia D C Books Multimedia Series External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kochi Kerala Kochi at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikiversity Travel information from Wikivoyage Official website Government of Kerala Official website Government of India The Story of India South India Cochin BBC Portal India Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kochi amp oldid 1143225134, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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