Tamang (Devanagari: तामाङ; tāmāng) is a term used to collectively refer to a dialect cluster spoken mainly in Nepal, Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling) and North-Eastern India. It comprises Eastern Tamang, Northwestern Tamang, Southwestern Tamang, Eastern Gorkha Tamang, and Western Tamang. Lexical similarity between Eastern Tamang (which is regarded as the most prominent) and other Tamang languages varies between 81% and 63%. For comparison, lexical similarity between Spanish and Portuguese, is estimated at 89%.[4]
Western Tamang: 323,000 (2000 WCD). Sub-dialects are as follows.
Trisuli (Nuwakot)
Rasuwa
Northwestern dialect of Western Tamang (Dhading) — was having separate ISO code tmk, merged with tdg in 2023.[5] Population 55,000 (1991 census). Spoken in the central mountainous strip of Nuwakot District, Bagmati Province.
Southwestern dialect of Western Tamang
Eastern Gorkha Tamang: 4,000 (2000 WCD). Sub-dialects are as follows.
Kasigaon
Kerounja
The Tamang language is the most widely spoken Sino-Tibetan language in Nepal.
Geographical distributionEdit
Ethnologue gives the following location information for the varieties of Tamang.
^Eastern Tamang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Western Tamang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Eastern Gorkha Tamang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
^(PDF). 16 July 2014. p. 109. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
Hwang, Hyunkyung; Lee, Seunghun J.; P. Gerber; S. Grollmann (2019). "Laryngeal contrast and tone in Tamang: an analysis based on a new set of Tamang data". Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan. 23 (1): 41–50. doi:10.24467/onseikenkyu.23.0_41.
External linksEdit
Tamang language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
tamang, language, tamang, devanagari, tāmāng, term, used, collectively, refer, dialect, cluster, spoken, mainly, nepal, sikkim, west, bengal, darjeeling, north, eastern, india, comprises, eastern, tamang, northwestern, tamang, southwestern, tamang, eastern, go. Tamang Devanagari त म ङ tamang is a term used to collectively refer to a dialect cluster spoken mainly in Nepal Sikkim West Bengal Darjeeling and North Eastern India It comprises Eastern Tamang Northwestern Tamang Southwestern Tamang Eastern Gorkha Tamang and Western Tamang Lexical similarity between Eastern Tamang which is regarded as the most prominent and other Tamang languages varies between 81 and 63 For comparison lexical similarity between Spanish and Portuguese is estimated at 89 4 Tamangत म ङ ར དམག ར མང Native toNepalIndiaBhutanEthnicityTamang MoormiNative speakers1 35 million in Nepal 2011 census 1 20 154 in India 2011 census 2 Language familySino Tibetan TamangicTamangWriting systemTamyig script Devanagari TibetanOfficial statusOfficial language in Nepal Sikkim additional 3 Language codesISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code taj class extiw title iso639 3 taj taj a Eastern Tamang a href https iso639 3 sil org code tdg class extiw title iso639 3 tdg tdg a Western Tamang a href https iso639 3 sil org code tge class extiw title iso639 3 tge tge a Eastern Gorkha TamangGlottolognucl1729This article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA Selected ethnic groups of Nepal Bhotia Sherpa Thakali Gurung Kirant Rai Limbu Nepal Bhasa Pahari Tamang note that Kulu Rodu Kulung territories are mistakenly marked as Tamu Gurung territories in this map Contents 1 Dialects 2 Geographical distribution 3 Grammar 4 Phonology 4 1 Consonants 4 2 Vowels 4 3 Tones 5 Writing system 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksDialects EditEthnologue divides Tamang into the following varieties due to mutual unintelligibility Eastern Tamang 759 000 in Nepal 2000 WCD Population total all countries 773 000 Sub dialects are as follows Outer Eastern Tamang Sailung Tamang Central Eastern Tamang Temal Tamang Southwestern Tamang Kath Bhotiya Lama Bhote Murmi Rongba Sain Tamang Gyoi Tamang Gyot Tamang Lengmo Tamang Tam Western Tamang 323 000 2000 WCD Sub dialects are as follows Trisuli Nuwakot Rasuwa Northwestern dialect of Western Tamang Dhading was having separate ISO code tmk merged with tdg in 2023 5 Population 55 000 1991 census Spoken in the central mountainous strip of Nuwakot District Bagmati Province Southwestern dialect of Western Tamang Eastern Gorkha Tamang 4 000 2000 WCD Sub dialects are as follows Kasigaon KerounjaThe Tamang language is the most widely spoken Sino Tibetan language in Nepal Geographical distribution EditEthnologue gives the following location information for the varieties of Tamang Eastern Tamang Bagmati Province Bhaktapur District Chitwan District Dolkha District Kathmandu District Kavrepalanchok District Lalitpur District Makwanpur District eastern Nuwakot District Ramechhap District Sindhuli District and western Sindhupalchowk District Province No 1 Okhaldhunga District western Khotang District and Udayapur DistrictSouthwestern Tamang Bagmati Province Chitwan District southern Dhading District western and northwestern Kathmandu District area and northwestern Makwanpur District Province No 2 Bara District Parsa District and Rautahat DistrictWestern Tamang Bagmati Province western Nuwakot District Rasuwa District and Dhading District central mountainous strip of Nuwakot District Bagmati Province Northwestern Tamang northeastern Sindhupalchok District Bagmati Province Bhote Namlan and Bhote Chaur on Trishuli river west bank toward Budhi Gandaki river northwestern Makwanpur District Bagmati Province Phakel Chakhel Khulekhani Markhu Tistung and Palung northern Kathmandu District Bagmati Province Jhor Thoka and Gagal PhediEastern Tamang south and east of Jagat northern Gorkha District Gandaki ProvinceGrammar EditSome grammatical features of the Tamang languages include A canonical word order of SOV Use of postpositions The genitives follow nouns question word medial It is an ergative absolutive language CV CVC CCV V CCVC Phonetically Tamang languages are tonal Phonology EditConsonants Edit Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar GlottalNasal m n ŋPlosive Affricate voiceless p t ts ʈ kaspirated pʰ tʰ tsʰ ʈʰ kʰpalatalized pʲ tʲ tsʲ ʈʲ kʲlabialized pʷ tʷ tsʷ ʈʷ kʷFricative s hRhotic rApproximant w l jVowels Edit Front BackClose i iː u uːMid e eː o oːOpen a aːNasality only marginally occurs and is typically transcribed with a a mark Tones Edit Four tones occur as high falling a mid high level a mid low level a very low ȁ 6 Writing system EditTamang language is written in Tamyig script References Edit Eastern Tamang at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Western Tamang at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Eastern Gorkha Tamang at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Statement 1 Abstract of speakers strength of languages and mother tongues 2011 www censusindia gov in Office of the Registrar General amp Census Commissioner India Retrieved 7 July 2018 50th Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India PDF 16 July 2014 p 109 Archived from the original PDF on 2 January 2018 Retrieved 6 November 2016 Ethnologue report for Spanish Change Request Documentation 2022 001 ISO 639 3 SIL International Retrieved 27 January 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Mazaudon 2003 Bibliography EditPerumalsamy P 2009 Tamang Language in Linguistic Surveyof India Sikkim volume I New Delhi Office of Registrar General India pp 388 455 https censusindia gov in census website data LSI Hwang Hyunkyung Lee Seunghun J P Gerber S Grollmann 2019 Laryngeal contrast and tone in Tamang an analysis based on a new set of Tamang data Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 23 1 41 50 doi 10 24467 onseikenkyu 23 0 41 External links Edit Tamang language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Counting in Tamang ELAR archive of Tamang 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tamang language amp oldid 1172544876, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
