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Wikipedia

Portland, Maine

February 15, 2024

Portland (/ˈpɔːrtlənd/ PORT-lənd) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maine and the seat of Cumberland County. Portland's population was 68,408 in April 2020.[4] The Greater Portland metropolitan area has a population of approximately 550,000 people. Historically tied to commercial shipping, the marine economy, and light industry, Portland's economy in the 21st century relies mostly on the service sector. The Port of Portland is the second-largest tonnage seaport in the New England area as of 2019.[5]

Portland
City
Clockwise: Portland waterfront, the Portland Observatory on Munjoy Hill, the corner of Middle and Exchange Street in the Old Port, Congress Street, the Civil War Memorial in Monument Square, and winter light sculptures in Congress Square Plaza.
Flag
Seal
Logo
Nickname: 
The Forest City
Motto(s): 
Resurgam (Latin)
"I Will Rise Again"
Portland
Location in Maine
Portland
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 43°39′36″N 70°15′18″W / 43.66000°N 70.25500°W / 43.66000; -70.25500
CountryUnited States
RegionNew England
StateMaine
CountyCumberland
Settled1632
IncorporatedJuly 4, 1786
Named forIsle of Portland[1]
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager
 • City managerDanielle West
 • MayorMark Dion
 • BodyPortland City Council
Area
[2]
 • City69.44 sq mi (179.85 km2)
 • Land21.54 sq mi (55.79 km2)
 • Water47.90 sq mi (124.06 km2)
 • Urban
135.91 sq mi (352.0 km2)
Elevation
62 ft (19 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City68,408
 • RankUS: 519th
 • Density3,175.86/sq mi (1,226.21/km2)
 • Urban
205,356 (US: 188th)[3]
 • Urban density1,657.7/sq mi (640.0/km2)
 • Metro
556,893 (US: 103rd)
DemonymPortlander
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
04101–04104, 04108–04109, 04112, 04116, 04122–04124
Area code207
FIPS code23-60545
GNIS feature ID573692
Websitewww.portlandmaine.gov

The city seal depicts a phoenix rising from ashes, a reference to recovery from four devastating fires.[6] Portland was named after the English Isle of Portland. In turn, the city of Portland, Oregon, was named after Portland, Maine.[7] The word Portland is derived from the Old English word Portlanda, which means "land surrounding a harbor".[8] The Greater Portland area has emerged as an important center for the creative economy,[9] which is also bringing gentrification.[10]

History edit

Main article: History of Portland, Maine
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Portland, Maine.
 
Fort Casco, Portland, Maine, built by Wolfgang William Romer; map by Cyprian Southack

The original Algonquin-speaking Eastern Abenaki residents called the Portland peninsula Machigonne ("Great Neck").[11][12] It is also called Məkíhkanək (“At the fish hook”) in Penobscot.[13][14]

The first European settler was Capt. Christopher Levett, an English naval captain granted 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) in 1623 to found a settlement in Casco Bay. A member of the Council for New England and agent for Ferdinando Gorges, Levett built a stone house where he left a company of ten men, then returned to England to write a book about his voyage to bolster support for the settlement.[15] Ultimately, the settlement was a failure and the fate of Levett's colonists is unknown. The explorer sailed from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony to meet John Winthrop in 1630, but never returned to Maine. Fort Levett in the harbor is named for him.

The peninsula was settled in 1632 as a fishing and trading village named Casco.[11] When the Massachusetts Bay Colony took over Casco Bay in 1658, the town's name changed again to Falmouth. In 1676, the village was destroyed by the Abenaki during King Philip's War. It was rebuilt. During King William's War, a raiding party of French and their native allies attacked and largely destroyed it again in the Battle of Fort Loyal (1690).

 
Longfellow Square (c. 1906)

On October 18, 1775, Falmouth was burned in the Revolution by the Royal Navy under command of Captain Henry Mowat.[16] Following the war, a section of Falmouth called The Neck developed as a commercial port and began to grow rapidly as a shipping center. In 1786, the citizens of Falmouth formed a separate town in Falmouth Neck and named it Portland, after the isle off the coast of Dorset, England.[1] Portland's economy was greatly stressed by the Embargo Act of 1807 (prohibition of trade with the British), which ended in 1809, and the War of 1812, which ended in 1815.

In 1820, Maine was established as a state with Portland as its capital. In 1832, the capital was moved north and east to Augusta. In 1851, Maine led the nation by passing the first state law prohibiting the sale of alcohol except for "medicinal, mechanical or manufacturing purposes." The law subsequently became known as the Maine Law, as 18 states quickly followed. On June 2, 1855, the Portland Rum Riot occurred.

 
Gun recovered from USS Maine on Munjoy Hill

In 1853, upon completion of the Grand Trunk Railway to Montreal, Portland became the primary ice-free winter seaport for Canadian exports. The Portland Company, located on Fore Street, manufactured more than six hundred 19th-century steam locomotives, as well as engines for trains and boats, fire engines and other railroad transportation equipment. The Portland Company was, for a time, the city's largest employer and many of its employees were immigrants from Canada, Ireland and Italy. Portland became a 20th-century rail hub as five additional rail lines merged into Portland Terminal Company in 1911. These rail lines also facilitated movement of returning Canadian troops from the First World War in 1919. Following nationalization of the Grand Trunk system in 1923, Canadian export traffic was diverted from Portland to Halifax, resulting in marked local economic decline. In the 20th century, icebreakers later enabled ships to reach Montreal in winter, drastically reducing Portland's role as a winter port for Canada.[citation needed]

On June 26, 1863, a Confederate raiding party led by Captain Charles Read entered the harbor at Portland leading to the Battle of Portland Harbor, one of the northernmost battles of the Civil War. The 1866 Great Fire of Portland, Maine, on July 4, 1866, ignited during the Independence Day celebration, destroyed most of the commercial buildings in the city, half the churches and hundreds of homes. More than 10,000 people were left homeless.[17]

By act of the Maine Legislature in 1899, Portland annexed the city of Deering,[18] despite a vote by Deering residents rejecting the annexation, thereby greatly increasing the size of the city and opening areas for development beyond the peninsula.[19]

In 1967, the city began the controversial razing of Franklin Street to construct a limited access highway to speed access in and out of the city for nonresidents. The reconstruction of the street demolished 130 homes and businesses and caused an unknown number of families to be relocated or displaced.[20] The construction of The Maine Mall, an indoor shopping center established in the suburb of South Portland, during the 1970s, economically depressed downtown Portland. The trend reversed when tourists and new businesses started revitalizing the old seaport, a part of which is known locally as the Old Port.

Since the 1990s, the historically industrial Bayside neighborhood has seen rapid development, including attracting a Whole Foods and Trader Joe's supermarkets, as well as Baxter Academy for Technology and Science, an increasingly popular charter school. Other rapidly developing neighborhoods include the India Street neighborhood near the Ocean Gateway and Munjoy Hill, where many modern condos have been built.[21][22][23] The Maine College of Art has been a revitalizing force downtown, attracting students from around the country. The historic Porteous building on Congress Street was restored by the college. Universities operating in the city are expanding. The University of Southern Maine is expanding its Portland campus with a 580-bed dorm, student center, and an arts center. The University of New England intends to move its medical school from its Biddeford campus to its Portland campus. Northeastern University's Roux Institute plans to build on the former B&M Baked Beans factory campus in East Deering.[24] Portland is known as a walkable city, offering many opportunities for walking tours that feature its maritime and architectural history.[25]

Geography edit

 
Aerial view of Portland
 
Deering Oaks Park with fountain and castle pavilion is located at the point where Interstate 295 meets State Street, Park Avenue, and Deering Avenue.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 69.44 sq mi (179.85 km2), of which 21.31 sq mi (55.19 km2) is land and 48.13 sq mi (124.66 km2) is water.[26] Portland is situated on a peninsula in Casco Bay on the Gulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean.

Portland borders South Portland, Westbrook and Falmouth. The city is located at 43.66713 N, 70.20717 W.

Climate edit

Portland has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb, closely bordering on Dfa), with cold, snowy, and often prolonged winters, and warm, relatively short summers. The monthly average high temperature ranges from roughly 30 °F (−1 °C) in January to around 80 °F (27 °C) in July. Daily high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on only four days per year on average, while cold-season lows of 0 °F (−18 °C) or below are reached on 10 nights per year on average.[27] The area can be affected by severe nor'easters during winter, with high winds and snowfall totals often measuring over a foot. Annual liquid precipitation (rain) averages 47.2 in (1,200 mm) and is plentiful year-round, but with a slightly drier summer. Annual frozen precipitation (snow) averages 69 in (175 cm) in the city. However, this number can fluctuate seasonally from as little as 30 inches to as much as 150 inches, depending on a multitude of factors. In Southern Maine, snowstorms can be intense from November through early April, while warm-season thunderstorms are somewhat less frequent than in the Midwestern, Mid-Atlantic, and Southeastern U.S. (although their frequency has increased in recent years).[28] Direct strikes by hurricanes or tropical storms are rare, partially due to the normally cooler Atlantic waters off the Maine coast (which usually weaken tropical systems), but primarily because most tropical systems approaching or reaching 40 degrees North latitude recurve (due to the Coriolis force) and track east out to sea well south of the Portland area. Extreme temperatures range from −39 °F (−39 °C) on February 16, 1943, to 103 °F (39 °C) on July 4, 1911, and August 2, 1975.[27] The hardiness zones are 5b and 6a.

Climate data for Portland International Jetport, Maine (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1871–present[b])
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 67
(19) 		68
(20) 		88
(31) 		92
(33) 		96
(36) 		98
(37) 		103
(39) 		103
(39) 		96
(36) 		88
(31) 		75
(24) 		71
(22) 		103
(39)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 51.8
(11.0) 		51.5
(10.8) 		61.2
(16.2) 		74.5
(23.6) 		85.4
(29.7) 		89.2
(31.8) 		91.6
(33.1) 		90.0
(32.2) 		86.6
(30.3) 		75.3
(24.1) 		65.4
(18.6) 		55.6
(13.1) 		93.5
(34.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 32.4
(0.2) 		35.0
(1.7) 		42.3
(5.7) 		53.8
(12.1) 		64.2
(17.9) 		73.6
(23.1) 		79.5
(26.4) 		78.7
(25.9) 		71.1
(21.7) 		59.5
(15.3) 		48.4
(9.1) 		38.3
(3.5) 		56.4
(13.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 24.0
(−4.4) 		26.2
(−3.2) 		34.1
(1.2) 		44.6
(7.0) 		54.9
(12.7) 		64.3
(17.9) 		70.4
(21.3) 		69.2
(20.7) 		61.6
(16.4) 		50.3
(10.2) 		40.0
(4.4) 		30.3
(−0.9) 		47.5
(8.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 15.6
(−9.1) 		17.3
(−8.2) 		26.0
(−3.3) 		35.4
(1.9) 		45.5
(7.5) 		55.0
(12.8) 		61.2
(16.2) 		59.7
(15.4) 		52.1
(11.2) 		41.0
(5.0) 		31.7
(−0.2) 		22.4
(−5.3) 		38.6
(3.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −6.1
(−21.2) 		−2.2
(−19.0) 		6.4
(−14.2) 		23.7
(−4.6) 		33.1
(0.6) 		43.4
(6.3) 		51.7
(10.9) 		48.6
(9.2) 		37.1
(2.8) 		26.5
(−3.1) 		16.0
(−8.9) 		3.9
(−15.6) 		−9.0
(−22.8)
Record low °F (°C) −26
(−32) 		−39
(−39) 		−21
(−29) 		8
(−13) 		23
(−5) 		33
(1) 		40
(4) 		33
(1) 		23
(−5) 		15
(−9) 		−6
(−21) 		−21
(−29) 		−39
(−39)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.50
(89) 		3.54
(90) 		4.08
(104) 		4.41
(112) 		3.67
(93) 		4.15
(105) 		3.43
(87) 		3.57
(91) 		3.77
(96) 		5.25
(133) 		4.25
(108) 		4.50
(114) 		48.12
(1,222)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 18.6
(47) 		16.6
(42) 		13.6
(35) 		2.8
(7.1) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		2.3
(5.8) 		14.6
(37) 		68.7
(174)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 11.2 10.2 11.3 11.1 12.5 11.7 10.8 9.4 9.3 10.9 10.7 12.3 131.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 7.6 7.0 5.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.5 6.0 28.6
Average relative humidity (%) 66.8 65.2 66.3 66.8 71.1 74.7 75.3 76.3 76.7 73.9 72.6 70.2 71.3
Average dew point °F (°C) 11.5
(−11.4) 		12.9
(−10.6) 		21.7
(−5.7) 		30.9
(−0.6) 		42.6
(5.9) 		53.1
(11.7) 		59.2
(15.1) 		58.5
(14.7) 		50.9
(10.5) 		39.7
(4.3) 		30.0
(−1.1) 		17.4
(−8.1) 		35.7
(2.1)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 164.8 172.8 205.2 213.5 243.2 259.1 282.2 267.6 229.1 195.7 138.7 140.9 2,512.8
Percent possible sunshine 57 59 55 53 53 56 60 62 61 57 48 51 56
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 2 1 4
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[27][30][31]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[32]
Water temperatures
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °F (°C) 41.3
(5.2) 		38.8
(3.8) 		38.0
(3.3) 		41.6
(5.3) 		46.7
(8.1) 		54.6
(12.6) 		61.3
(16.3) 		63.7
(17.7) 		60.5
(15.8) 		54.9
(12.8) 		49.6
(9.8) 		45.3
(7.4) 		49.7
(9.8)
Source: Weather Atlas [32]

See or edit raw graph data.

Sea-level rise edit

Portland is becoming increasingly affected by global warming and the rise of sea levels. The coast is one of the fastest-warming saltwater bodies and is predicted to see an increase to about 10-17 inches by 2030, in comparison to the levels in 2000. This is a major threat to the residents and ocean life around the area.[33] In 2022, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued a report that showed sea level in Portland could rise by six inches by 2050, two feet by 2060 and two to six feet by 2100.[34]

Neighborhoods edit

 
Portland Maine looking east to downtown
 
Park Street Row in the West End, completed 1835
Main article: Neighborhoods in Portland, Maine

Portland is organized into neighborhoods generally recognized by residents,[35] but they have no legal or political authority. In many cases, city signs identify neighborhoods or intersections (which are often called corners). Most city neighborhoods have a local association[36] which usually maintains ongoing relations of varying degrees with the city government on issues affecting the neighborhood.

On March 8, 1899, Portland annexed the neighboring city of Deering.[37] Deering neighborhoods now comprise the northern and eastern sections of the city before the merger. Portland's Deering High School was formerly the public high school for Deering.

Portland's neighborhoods include the Arts District, Bayside, Bradley's Corner, Cliff Island, Cushing's Island, Deering Center, Deering Highlands, Downtown, East Deering, East Bayside, East End, Eastern Cemetery, Great Diamond Island, Highlands, Kennedy Park, Libbytown,[38] Little Diamond Island, Lunt's Corner, Morrill's Corner, Munjoy Hill, Nason's Corner, North Deering, Oakdale, the Old Port, Parkside, Peaks Island, Riverton Park, Rosemont, Stroudwater, West End, and Woodfords Corner.

From the early 2000s onward, many of Portland's neighborhoods have faced gentrification, causing many local residents to be "priced out" of their neighborhoods. In 2015, the Portland Press Herald published a series of articles documenting the "super-tight apartment market" and the trauma caused by evictions and steep jumps in monthly rent.[39] Also in that year, city landlords raised rents by an average of 17.4%, which was the second-largest jump in the country.[40]

Demographics edit

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
17902,240—
18003,70465.4%
18107,16993.5%
18208,58119.7%
183012,59846.8%
184015,21820.8%
185020,81536.8%
186026,34126.5%
187031,41319.3%
188033,8107.6%
189036,4257.7%
190050,14537.7%
191058,57116.8%
192069,27218.3%
193070,8102.2%
194073,6434.0%
195077,6345.4%
196072,566−6.5%
197065,116−10.3%
198061,572−5.4%
199064,3584.5%
200064,249−0.2%
201066,1943.0%
202068,4083.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[41]


Raymond H. Fogler Library[42]

2010 census edit

As of the census[43] of 2010, there were 66,194 people, 30,725 households, and 13,324 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,106.2/sq mi (1,199.3/km2). There were 33,836 housing units at an average density of 1,587.8/sq mi (613.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 85.0% White (83.6% non-Hispanic White alone), down from 96.6% in 1990,[44] 7.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 3.5% Asian, 1.2% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population. 40.7% of the population had a bachelor's degree or higher.

There were 30,725 households, of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.7% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 56.6% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the city was 36.7 years. 17.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 33.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

 
Map of Portland's poverty rate and accessibility to public transit and grocery stores

2000 census edit

As of the census of 2000, there were 64,250 people, 29,714 households, and 13,549 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,029.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,169.6/km2). There were 31,862 housing units at an average density of 1,502.2 per square mile (580.0/km2).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Portland's immediate metropolitan area ranked 147th in the nation in 2000 with a population of 243,537, while the Portland/South Portland/Biddeford metropolitan area included 487,568 total inhabitants. This has increased to an estimated 513,102 inhabitants (and the largest metro area in Northern New England) as of 2007.[45] Much of this increase in population has been due to growth in the city's southern and western suburbs.

The racial makeup of the city was 91.27% White, 2.59% African American, 0.47% Native American, 3.08% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 1.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.52% of the population.

The largest ancestries include: British (including Scottish, Welsh, and English) (21.2%), Irish (19.2%), French (10.8%), Italian (10.5%), and German (6.9%).[citation needed]

There were 29,714 households, out of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.4% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 36.1% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,650, and the median income for a family was $48,763. Males had a median income of $31,828 versus $27,173 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,698. About 9.7% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.

Race/ethnicity composition

Race/ethnicity 2020 2010[46] 2000[47] 1990[48] 1960[48]
White 84.6% 83.6% 91.27% 96% 99.4%
African Americans 8.4% 7.1% 2.59% 1.1% 0.5%
Asian 3.5% 3.5% 3.08% 1.7% 0.1%
Two or more races 2.9% 2.7% 1.86% 0.2% NA
Hispanic or Latino 3% 3% 1.52% 0.8% NA
Native American 0.1% 0.5% 0.47% 0.4% NA

Economy edit

 
Municipal ferries on the Portland waterfront

Portland has become Maine's economic capital because the city has Maine's largest port, largest population, and is close to Boston (105 miles to the southwest). Over the years, the local economy has shifted from fishing, manufacturing, and agriculture towards a more service-based economy. Most national bank institutions and other related financial organizations such as Bank of America and Key Bank base their Maine operations in Portland. UnumProvident, Covetrus, TruChoice Federal Credit Union, People's United Bank, ImmuCell Corp, and Pioneer Telephone have headquarters here, and Portland's neighboring cities of South Portland, Westbrook and Scarborough, provide homes for other corporations including IDEXX and WEX Inc. Between 1867 and 2021, Burnham & Morrill Co., maker of B&M Baked Beans, had its main plant in Portland (the B&M Baked Beans factory).[49]

The city's port is also undergoing a revival, and the first-ever container train departed from the new International Marine Terminal with fifteen containers of locally produced bottled tap water in early 2016.[50]

In January 2020 Portland was announced to be the location of a new research institute that will focus on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Northeastern University was selected by technology entrepreneur David Roux to lead the institute that will include programs that will allow graduate student research.[51]

Portland also has a large subsidized housing industry with more than five large real estate companies entirely in the business.[citation needed]

 
Portland's East End Waterfront with new marina and high-tech companies.

Arts and culture edit

 
Maine Narrow Gauge Railroad
 
The Time and Temperature Building

Portland has a long history of prominence in the arts, peaking the first time in the early nineteenth century, when the city was "a rival, and not a satellite of either Boston or New York".[52] In that period, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow got his start as a poet and John Neal held a central position in leading American literature toward its great renaissance,[53][54] having founded Maine's first literary periodical, The Yankee, in 1828.[55] Other notable literary or artistic figures who got their start or were at their prime in that period include Grenville Mellen, Nathaniel Parker Willis, Seba Smith, Elizabeth Oakes Smith, Benjamin Paul Akers, Charles Codman, Franklin Simmons, John Rollin Tilton, and Harrison Bird Brown.[56] Since 2000, Portland has hosted a monthly First Friday Art Walk event that attracts more than 3,000 visitors.[57]

Sites of interest edit

The Arts District, centered on Congress Street, is home to the Portland Museum of Art, Portland Stage Company, Maine Historical Society & Museum, Portland Public Library, Maine College of Art, SPACE Gallery, Children's Museum of Maine, Merrill Auditorium, the Kotzschmar Memorial Organ, and Portland Symphony Orchestra, as well as many smaller art galleries and studios.

Baxter Boulevard around Back Cove, Deering Oaks Park, the Eastern Promenade, Western Promenade, Lincoln Park and Riverton Park are all historical parks within the city. Other parks and natural spaces include Payson Park, Post Office Park, Baxter Woods, Evergreen Cemetery, Western Cemetery and the Fore River Sanctuary.

Thompson's Point, in the Libbytown neighborhood, has been a focus of renovation and redevelopment since the 2010s. The location hosts a concert venue, ice rink, hotels, restaurants, wineries, and breweries.[58]

Other sites of interest include:

Notable buildings edit

 
Wadsworth-Longfellow House

The spire of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception has been a notable feature of the Portland skyline since its completion in 1854. In 1859, Ammi B. Young designed the Marine Hospital, the first of three local works by Supervising Architects of the U.S. Treasury Department. Although the city lost to redevelopment its 1867 Greek Revival post office, which was designed by Alfred B. Mullett of white Vermont marble and featured a Corinthian portico, Portland retains his equally monumental 1872 granite Second Empire–Renaissance Revival custom house.

A more recent building of note is Franklin Towers, a 16-story residential tower completed in 1969. At 175 feet (53 meters),[59] it is Portland's (as well as Maine's) tallest building. It is next to the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception on the city skyline. During the building boom of the 1980s, several new buildings rose on the peninsula, including the 1983 Charles Shipman Payson Building by Henry N. Cobb of Pei, Cobb, Freed & Partners at the Portland Museum of Art complex (a component of which is the 1801 McLellan-Sweat Mansion), and the Back Bay Tower, a fifteen-story residential building completed in 1990.[60]

477 Congress Street (known locally as the Time and Temperature Building) is situated near Monument Square in the Arts District and is a major landmark: the 14-story building features a large electronic sign on its roof that flashes time and temperature data, as well as parking ban information in the winter. The sign can be seen from nearly all of downtown Portland. The building is home to several radio stations. The Press Herald Building at 390 Congress Street is strategically located across Congress Street from Portland City Hall and was built in 1923 and then expanded in 1948 for use as the newspaper's headquarters.[61]

The Westin Portland Harborview, completed in 1927, is a prominent hotel located downtown on High Street. Photographer Todd Webb lived in Portland during his later years and took many pictures of the city.[62] Some of Webb's pictures can be found at the Evans Gallery.[63]

Media edit

See also: Media of Portland, Maine

The city is home to one daily newspaper, The Portland Press Herald/Maine Sunday Telegram, founded in 1862. The Press Herald is published Monday through Saturday and The Maine Sunday Telegram is published on Sundays. Both are published by MaineToday Media Inc., which also operates an entertainment website, MaineToday.com and owns papers in Augusta, Waterville, and Bath.

Portland had an alternative weekly newspaper, The Portland Phoenix, published by the Phoenix Media/Communications Group, which also produced a New England-wide news, arts, and entertainment website, thephoenix.com, and a twice-annual LGBT issues magazine, Out in Maine.

Other publications include The Portland Forecaster, a weekly newspaper; Mainer, a monthly alternative magazine formerly known as The Bollard; The West End News, The Munjoy Hill Observer, The Baysider, The Waterfront, Portland Magazine, and The Companion, an LGBT publication. Portland is also the home office of The Exception Magazine, an online newspaper that covers Maine.

The Portland broadcast media market is the largest one in Maine for both radio and television. As of 2023, it is the 93rd largest radio market. Radio stations located in Portland include WFNK (Classic Hits), WJJB (Sports), WTHT (Country), WBQW (Classical), WHXR (Rock), WHOM (Adult Contemporary), WJBQ (Top 40), WCLZ (Adult Album Alternative), WBLM (Classic Rock), WYNZ (1960s–1970s Hits), and WCYY (Modern Rock). WMPG is a local non-commercial radio station run by community members and the University of Southern Maine. The Maine Public Broadcasting Network's (MPBN) radio news operations are based in Portland.

As of 2023, the Portland-Auburn television market is the 78th largest one in the country. Stations include WCSH 6 (NBC), WMTW 8 (ABC), WGME 13 (CBS), WPFO 23 (Fox), WIPL 35 (ION), and WPXT 51 (The CW; MyNetworkTV on DT3). There is no PBS affiliate licensed to the city of Portland, but the market is served by MPBN outlets WCBB Channel 10 in Augusta and WMEA-TV Channel 26 Biddeford.

Historical newspapers edit

Historical newspapers formerly published in Portland are many and include Eastern Argus, Evening Express, The Pleasure Boat and The Portland Daily Sun.

Food and beverage edit

Number of restaurants edit

Downtown Portland, including the Arts District and the Old Port, has a high concentration of eating and drinking establishments, with many more to be found throughout the rest of the peninsula, outlying neighborhoods, and neighboring communities. The city is also home to numerous food trucks and food carts,[64] which park on the city streets and at festivals, events and breweries. Most operate in the summer; a few operate year-round.

Notable restaurants include Fore Street, Duckfat, Becky's Diner, and The Great Lost Bear.[65]

Food recognition edit

Portland has developed a national reputation for the quality of its restaurants, eateries, and food culture. The city has been visited by many food shows, including Rachael Ray's Food Network show $40 a Day, the Travel Channel's Man v. Food, and Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations.[66][67][68] Bon Appetit named Portland the Restaurant City of the Year in 2018.[69]

Beverages edit

Portland is home to numerous juice bars,[70] coffee shops, coffee roasteries,[71] tea houses, distilleries, microbreweries and brewpubs.

Brewers include the D. L. Geary Brewing Company, Gritty McDuff's Brewing Company, Shipyard Brewing Company, Casco Bay Brewing Co., and Allagash Brewing Company. Portland's spirits industry has also grown in recent years.[72][73]

The city is known for its pure tap water. The water comes from Sebago Lake. It is piped to Portland by the Portland Water District. Sebago Lake is one of 50 surface water supplies among 13,000 in the country that the Environmental Protection Agency says do not need filtration.[74]

Farmers markets edit

The Portland Farmers' Market takes place Wednesdays in Monument Square, Saturdays in Deering Oaks Park (from early May to the end of November), and Saturdays at The Maine Girls Academy (from early December to the end of April).

Vegetarian food edit

The city has the state's most vegan and vegetarian restaurants. Vegetarian-friendly restaurants number more than 200 in 2020, according to the Maine Sunday Telegram.[75] Celebrity chef Toni Fiore first filmed the PBS cooking show Totally Vegetarian in 2002 at the cable access station in Portland.[76] The Portland Press Herald has featured a vegan column by Avery Yale Kamila in its Food & Dining section since 2009.[77][78] In 2011, the Portland Public Schools added a daily vegetarian cold lunch to its school menu choices. In 2019, the district changed to a daily hot vegan school meal option.[79]

Food festivals edit

Portland hosts a number of food and beverage festivals, including:

  • Festival of Nations, takes place in July in Deering Oaks Park and organized by group of local organizations[80]
  • Greek Festival, three-day event in June at Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church[81]
  • Harvest on the Harbor, multi-day event takes place in October[82]
  • Italian Street Festival & Bazaar, three-day event in August outside St. Peter's Parish commemorates the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Feast of Saint Rocco[83]
  • Maine Brewers Festival, held multiple times a year by the Maine Brewers' Guild[84]
  • Maine VegFest, takes place in October and organized by Maine Animal Coalition since 2005; the event features all vegan food and was originally called Maine Vegetarian Food Festival[85]
  • Taste of the Nation, fundraiser for food insecurity that stopped after 2015 but happened again in 2019[86]
  • Maine Restaurant Week, takes place over 12 days in March[87]
  • Maine Seaweed Week, takes place in the spring[88]

Food history edit

Since 1768, the Portland Farmers Market has been in operation. It was first established in the Town Hall that "served 136 families on the peninsula."[89]

Portland is where national Prohibition started. Portland mayor and temperance leader Neal Dow led Maine to ban alcohol sales in 1851.[90] The law led to the Portland Rum Riot in 1855. In 1845, The Pleasure Boat was the earliest vegetarian publication in Maine.[91]

Canned corn was developed in Portland by the N. Winslow company. By 1852 the Winslow's Patent Hermetically Sealed Green Corn was a commercial success and the company became a world leader in the canning industry.[92][93] An historic B&M Baked Beans canning plant built in 1913 operated on the waterfront until 2021 when it closed and production moved to the midwest.[94] By late 2022, B&M customers were reporting that the baked beans were undercooked, crunchy, and tasted different. Customers speculated that the beans were no longer being baked. Some customers were hoarding B&M bean cans produced at the Portland plant.[95]

In the early 20th century, a Little Italy neighborhood developed around India Street.[96] The city's Amato's Italian delicatessen on India Street is reported to be the birthplace of the Italian sandwich, called "an Italian" by locals, which Amato's first served in 1902.[97] The Village Restaurant, an Italian restaurant in the city's East End, was in operation for 71 years, from 1936 to 2007.[98] In 1949, Miccuci's Grocery Co. opened on India Street and remains in business.[96]

In the 1970s and 1980s, The Hollow Reed was a notable vegetarian restaurant on Fore Street cited for its influence on the city's restaurant culture.[99] In 1979, The Great Lost Bear opened on Forest Avenue and was recognized for its large selection of draft craft beers.[100] In 1982 DiMillo's on the Water opened in a former car ferry docked at Portland's Long Wharf.[101] In 1988, the Gritty McDuff's brewpub was founded on Fore Street and is considered the first brewpub to open in Maine since Prohibition ended.[102] In 1989, Marcy's Diner opened on Free Street, and in 2015 it made international headlines following a spat between the then-cook-owner and a patron over the latter's screaming child.[103]

In 1991, Becky's Diner opened on Commercial Street, after it got an exception to the city's zoning laws prohibiting non-fishery businesses on the waterfront, and has attracted famous patrons including Taylor Swift and president Bill Clinton. In 2007, the Green Elephant opened on Congress Street and received critical attention for the vegetarian menu.[104]

Sports edit

Club League Venue Established Championships
Portland Sea Dogs Eastern League, Baseball Hadlock Field 1994 1
Maine Mariners ECHL, Ice hockey Cross Insurance Arena 2018 0
Maine Celtics NBA G League, Basketball Portland Exposition Building 2009 0
Portland USL League One, Soccer Fitzpatrick Stadium 2025 0
Portland Rugby Football Club New England Rugby Football Union, Rugby Union Fox Street Field 1969 1
Maine Roller Derby WFTDA, Roller Derby Portland Exposition Building 2006 0
Portland Lumberjacks PBA Tour,

Professional Bowling Team

Bayside Bowl 2016 2
Maine Cats USAFL, Aussie Rules Football Dougherty Field 2018 0
Portland Rising PUL, Ultimate Fitzpatrick Stadium 2020 0
 
Entrance area of Hadlock Field, home of the Portland Sea Dogs

The city is home to three minor league teams. The Portland Sea Dogs, the Double-A farm team of the Boston Red Sox, play at Hadlock Field. The Maine Celtics, the NBA G League affiliate of the Boston Celtics, play at the Portland Exposition Building. The Maine Mariners, ECHL affiliates of the Boston Bruins, play at Cross Insurance Arena. A USL League One soccer team was granted to Portland in 2023, to begin play by 2025.[105]

Previously, Portland was home of several minor league ice hockey teams: the Maine Nordiques (NAHL) from 1973 to 1977, the Maine Mariners (AHL) from 1977 to 1992, and the Portland Pirates (AHL) from 1993 to 2016. The Mariners were three-time Calder Cup winners, winning it in 1978, 1979 and 1984, while the Pirates would win the Calder Cup in 1995.

GPS Portland Phoenix soccer teams played in USL League Two from 2009 until 2020.

The Maine Mammoths of the National Arena League played in 2018 and were the first indoor football team to call Portland home. The team suspended operations after one season while it negotiated with local ownership groups, but was ultimately dissolved.

The Portland Sports Complex, located off of Park and Brighton Avenues near I-295 and Deering Oaks park, houses several of the city's stadiums and arenas, including:

  • Hadlock Field – baseball (Capacity 7,368)
  • Fitzpatrick Stadium – football, soccer, lacrosse, field hockey, and outdoor track (Capacity 6,000+ seated)
  • Portland Exposition Building – basketball, indoor track, concerts and trade shows (Capacity 3,000)
  • Portland Ice Arena – hockey and figure skating (Capacity 400)

Cross Insurance Arena has 6,733 permanent seats following renovation in 2014.

The Portland area has eleven professional golf courses, 124 tennis courts, and 95 playgrounds. There are also over 100 mi (160 km) of nature trails.

Portland hosts the Maine Marathon each October.

Bayside Bowl was expanded in 2017 to 20 lanes, including a rooftop deck. It hosted the 2017 PBA League and Elias Cup.

Memorial Stadium is the home of the Deering High School sports teams and is located behind the school.

Parks and recreation edit

The city of Portland includes more than 700 acres of open space and public parks. The city and surrounding communities are linked by 70 miles of trails, both urban and wooded, maintained by the nonprofit Portland Trails. The Portland Parks Conservancy, which was established in 2019, is a nonprofit organization that raises money to support Portland's park system.[106] In 2021, the Portland Parks Conservancy funded the establishment of the Portland Youth Corp. The Portland Youth Corp performs work in Portland's parks and residents between the ages of 14 and 16 can apply to participate in the paid program.[107]

The city requires organic land care techniques be used on both public and private property.[108] In 2018, the Portland City Council banned the use of synthetic pesticides.[109] In 2020, the city received a $10,000 grant from Hannaford, Stonyfield Farm, and Osborn Organics to pay for soil tests and other start up costs of transitioning the heavily used Fox Field in Kennedy Park to an organic maintenance plan.[110]

Well-known and historic parks include:

Parks with splash pads and pools:[111]

Government edit

 
City Hall (c. 1910)
 
Closeup of City Hall (2014)
 
Custom House, completed 1872

The city has adopted a council-manager style government that is detailed in the city charter. The citizens of Portland are represented by a nine-member city council which makes policy, passes ordinances, approves appropriations, appoints the city manager and oversees the municipal government. The city council of nine members is elected by the citizens of Portland. The city has five voting districts, with each district electing a city councilor to represent their neighborhood interests for a three-year term. There are also four members of the city council who are elected at-large.[112] The four at-large members are elected through Proportional ranked-choice voting.[113][114]

From 1923 until 2011, city councilors chose one of themselves each year to serve as Mayor of Portland, a primarily ceremonial position. On November 2, 2010, Portland voters narrowly approved a measure that allowed them to elect the mayor. On November 8, 2011, former State Senator and candidate for U.S. Congress Michael F. Brennan was elected as mayor. On December 5, 2011, he was sworn in as the first citizen-elected mayor in 88 years (see Portland, Maine mayoral election, 2011). The office of mayor is a four-year position that earns a salary of 150% of the city's median income.[115] The current mayor is Mark Dion, who narrowly defeated city councilor Andrew Zarro after 5 ranked choice rounds in the November 2023 election.[116]

A city manager is appointed by the city council. The city manager oversees the daily operations of the city government, appoints the heads of city departments, and prepares annual budgets. The city manager directs all city agencies and departments, and is responsible for the executing laws and policies passed by the city council.[112] The current city manager is Danielle West.

Aside from the main city council, there is also an elected school board for the Portland Public School system. The school board is made up in the same manner of the city council, with five district members, four at-large members and one chairman.[117] There are also three students from the local high schools elected to serve on the board. There are many other boards and committees such as the Planning Committee, Board of Appeals, and Harbor Commission, etc. These committees and boards have limited power in their respective areas of expertise. Members of boards and committees are appointed by city council members.

On November 5, 2013, Portland voters overwhelmingly approved an ordinance to legalize the possession and private use of cannabis for adults, making the city the first municipality in the Eastern United States to do so.[118]

James E. Craig was chief of the Portland Police Department from 2009 to 2011. He would later go on to become the chief of the Cincinnati Police Department and Detroit Police Department.

In the U.S. House of Representatives, Portland is included in Maine's 1st congressional district and is currently represented by Democrat Chellie M. Pingree.

Portland city vote
by party in presidential elections[119][120]
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2020 81.33% 33,786 15.61% 6,486 3.06% 1,272
2016 75.90% 28,534 18.06% 6,789 6.05% 2,273
2012 76.32% 27,739 20.60% 7,488 3.08% 1,118
2008 76.87% 28,317 21.29% 7,844 1.84% 679
2004 72.60% 26,800 25.61% 9,455 1.79% 661
2000 63.41% 20,506 27.33% 8,838 9.27% 2,997
1996 64.04% 19,755 23.27% 7,178 12.69% 3,915
1992 55.31% 19,510 24.55% 8,660 20.14% 7,104

Voter registration

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of October 21, 2022[121]
Party Total Voters Percentage
Democratic 30,544 64.05%
Unenrolled/Independent 10,313 21.63%
Republican 5,063 10.62%
Green Independent 1,728 3.62%
Libertarian 40 0.08%
Total 47,688 100.00%

Education edit

 
Portland High School
 
College of Pharmacy, University of New England
See also: Portland Public Schools and List of Portland, Maine schools

High schools edit

Colleges and universities edit

College expansions underway in 2022 at the University of Southern Maine to add a 580-bed dorm, at the University of New England to move the medical school from Biddeford into a new $93 million building on the Portland campus, and at the Northeastern University Roux Institute to build a campus on the site of the former B&M Baked Beans factory have the potential, within two decades, to bring the total college and university students in the city to 15,000, which would be similar to the percentage of students in Boston.[24]

Infrastructure edit

Fire department edit

The Portland Fire Department (PFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Portland 24/7, 365. Established on March 29, 1768, the PFD is made up of over 230 paid, professional firefighters and operates out of seven Fire Stations, located throughout the city, in addition to Fire Stations staffed by "on-call" firefighters on Peaks Island; Great Diamond Island; Cushing Island; and Cliff Island. The Portland Fire Department also operates an Airport Division Station at 1001 Westbrook St., at the Portland International Jetport, and a Marine Division Station, located at 54 Commercial St.[122][123]

Police edit

The Portland Police Department is the largest municipal police department in the state of Maine.[citation needed]

Hospitals edit

 
Maine Medical Center

Maine Medical Center is the state's only Level I trauma center and is the largest hospital in Maine. [124]

Mercy Hospital, a faith-based institution, is the fourth largest in the state. It completed the first phase of its new campus along the Fore River in 2008.[125]

The formerly-independent Brighton Medical Center (once known as the Osteopathic Hospital) is now owned by Maine Medical Center and is operated as a minor care center under the names Brighton First Care and New England Rehab. In 2010, Maine Medical Center's Hannaford Center for Safety, Innovation, and Simulation opened at the Brighton campus.[126] The former Portland General Hospital is now home to the Barron Center nursing facility.[citation needed]

Wastewater management edit

One wastewater management project is named the Bedford Street Sewer Separation, with its goal to "improve the water quality and health of Back Cove by reducing the amount of combined sewer overflows (CSO) that over flow during heavy rain events through the use of sewer separation and water treatment devices."[127]

Transportation edit

Roads edit

See also: Portland Transportation Center and Ocean Gateway International Marine Passenger Terminal
 
Portland from above, looking north along I-295

Portland is accessible from I-95 (the Maine Turnpike), I-295, and US 1. U.S. Route 302, a major travel route and scenic highway between Maine and Vermont, has its eastern terminus in Portland. State Routes include SR 9, SR 22, SR 25, SR 26, SR 77, and SR 100. SR 25 Business goes through southwestern Portland.

Intercity buses and trains edit

Amtrak's Downeaster service offers five daily trains connecting the city's station with eight towns and cities to the south, ending at Boston's North Station. Trains also go north to Freeport and Brunswick.

Concord Coach Lines bus service connects Portland to 14 other communities in Maine as well as to Boston's South Station and Logan Airport. Both the Downeaster and the Concord Coach Lines can be found at the Portland Transportation Center on Thompsons Point Road, in the Libbytown neighborhood.[38]

Local bus service edit

Local bus transit is provided by Greater Portland Metro[128] with connections to South Portland Bus Service and Biddeford Saco Old Orchard Beach Transit.

Airports edit

Commercial air service is available at the Portland International Jetport (PWM), located in Stroudwater, west of the city's downtown district. American, Southwest, JetBlue, Breeze Airways, Sun Country, Delta, and United Airlines service the airport. Direct flights are available to Atlanta, Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Detroit, Denver, Minneapolis, Orlando, Philadelphia, New York, Newark, Sarasota, and Washington, D.C.[129]

Water transportation edit

The Port of Portland is the second-largest cruise and passenger destination in the state (next to Bar Harbor) and is served by the Ocean Gateway International Marine Passenger Terminal. Ferry service is available year-round to many destinations in Casco Bay. From 2006 to 2009, Bay Ferries operated a high speed ferry called The Cat featuring a five-hour trip to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, for summer passengers and cars. In years past the Scotia Prince Cruises trip took eleven hours. A proposal to replace the defunct Nova Scotia ferry service was rejected in 2013 by the province. From May 15, 2014, until October 2015, the cruise ship ferry Nova Star made daily trips to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.[130] Due to poor passenger numbers and financial problems, Nova Scotia selected Bay Ferries, the prior operator of The Cat, to operate the service starting in 2016, citing the company's experience and industry relationships. Nova Star officials pledged a smooth transition to the new operator.[131] The Nova Star was later ordered seized by federal marshals for nonpayment of bills.[132]

Bay Ferries announced on March 24, 2016, the charter of the former Hawaii Superferry boat HST-2 from the US Navy for the Portland-Yarmouth service for two years. Bay Ferries signed a ten-year deal with Nova Scotia to run the ferry route, which will take about five and a half hours each way. They stated that the boat would be renamed The Cat[133] and that service would begin around June 15, after refitting in South Carolina. There is still a dispute as to whether the ferry will be permitted to carry trucks, desired by Nova Scotia businesses but opposed by the City of Portland.[134]

The Casco Bay Lines operate several passenger ferries with dozens of trips every day year-round to the major populated islands of Casco Bay. The service to Peaks Island also provides an auto ferry for most of its schedule.

Notable people edit

Main article: List of people from Portland, Maine

Sister cities edit

Portland's sister cities are:[135]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official records for Portland were kept at downtown from March 1871 to 24 November 1940, and at Portland Int'l Jetport (PWM) since 25 November 1940. Temperature records are limited to the period that PWM was the official site (i.e. since 1940) and are based on the Monthly Weather Summary product issued by the NWS office in Gray, Maine.[29] precipitation and snowfall records date to 1871 and 1882, respectively.

References edit

General
  • History of Portland, Maine (1886)
Specific
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Further reading edit

  • John F. Bauman. Gateway to Vacationland: The Making of Portland Maine (University of Massachusetts Press: 2012) 285 pages; Explores the socio-economic, political and cultural history of Portland emphasizing the evolution of the city's built environment after the fire of 1866.
  • Chen, Xiangming, ed. Confronting Urban Legacy: Rediscovering Hartford and New England's Forgotten Cities (2015) excerpt
  • Michael C. Connolly. Seated by the Sea: The Maritime History of Portland, Maine, and Its Irish Longshoremen (University Press of Florida; 2010) 280 pages; Focuses on the years 1880 to 1923 in a study of how an influx of Irish immigrant workers transformed the city's waterfront.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Portland, Maine.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Portland, Maine.
 
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Portland, Maine.
  • Official website
  • Portland's Downtown District
  • Greater Portland Casco Bay Convention and Visitors Bureau
  • by Warner at LOC.

February 15, 2024
portland, maine, portland, ɔːr, port, lənd, most, populous, city, state, maine, seat, cumberland, county, portland, population, april, 2020, greater, portland, metropolitan, area, population, approximately, people, historically, tied, commercial, shipping, mar. Portland ˈ p ɔːr t l e n d PORT lend is the most populous city in the U S state of Maine and the seat of Cumberland County Portland s population was 68 408 in April 2020 4 The Greater Portland metropolitan area has a population of approximately 550 000 people Historically tied to commercial shipping the marine economy and light industry Portland s economy in the 21st century relies mostly on the service sector The Port of Portland is the second largest tonnage seaport in the New England area as of 2019 5 PortlandCityClockwise Portland waterfront the Portland Observatory on Munjoy Hill the corner of Middle and Exchange Street in the Old Port Congress Street the Civil War Memorial in Monument Square and winter light sculptures in Congress Square Plaza FlagSealLogoNickname The Forest CityMotto s Resurgam Latin I Will Rise Again PortlandLocation in MaineShow map of MainePortlandLocation in the United StatesShow map of the United StatesCoordinates 43 39 36 N 70 15 18 W 43 66000 N 70 25500 W 43 66000 70 25500CountryUnited StatesRegionNew EnglandStateMaineCountyCumberlandSettled1632IncorporatedJuly 4 1786Named forIsle of Portland 1 Government TypeCouncil manager City managerDanielle West MayorMark Dion BodyPortland City CouncilArea 2 City69 44 sq mi 179 85 km2 Land21 54 sq mi 55 79 km2 Water47 90 sq mi 124 06 km2 Urban135 91 sq mi 352 0 km2 Elevation62 ft 19 m Population 2020 City68 408 RankUS 519th Density3 175 86 sq mi 1 226 21 km2 Urban205 356 US 188th 3 Urban density1 657 7 sq mi 640 0 km2 Metro556 893 US 103rd DemonymPortlanderTime zoneUTC 5 EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT ZIP Codes04101 04104 04108 04109 04112 04116 04122 04124Area code207FIPS code23 60545GNIS feature ID573692Websitewww wbr portlandmaine wbr govThe city seal depicts a phoenix rising from ashes a reference to recovery from four devastating fires 6 Portland was named after the English Isle of Portland In turn the city of Portland Oregon was named after Portland Maine 7 The word Portland is derived from the Old English word Portlanda which means land surrounding a harbor 8 The Greater Portland area has emerged as an important center for the creative economy 9 which is also bringing gentrification 10 Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 2 2 Sea level rise 2 3 Neighborhoods 3 Demographics 3 1 2010 census 3 2 2000 census 4 Economy 5 Arts and culture 5 1 Sites of interest 5 2 Notable buildings 5 3 Media 5 3 1 Historical newspapers 6 Food and beverage 6 1 Number of restaurants 6 2 Food recognition 6 3 Beverages 6 4 Farmers markets 6 5 Vegetarian food 6 6 Food festivals 6 7 Food history 7 Sports 8 Parks and recreation 9 Government 10 Education 10 1 High schools 10 2 Colleges and universities 11 Infrastructure 11 1 Fire department 11 2 Police 11 3 Hospitals 11 4 Wastewater management 11 5 Transportation 11 5 1 Roads 11 5 2 Intercity buses and trains 11 5 3 Local bus service 11 5 4 Airports 11 5 5 Water transportation 12 Notable people 13 Sister cities 14 See also 15 Notes 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External linksHistory editMain article History of Portland Maine For a chronological guide see Timeline of Portland Maine nbsp Fort Casco Portland Maine built by Wolfgang William Romer map by Cyprian SouthackThe original Algonquin speaking Eastern Abenaki residents called the Portland peninsula Machigonne Great Neck 11 12 It is also called Mekihkanek At the fish hook in Penobscot 13 14 The first European settler was Capt Christopher Levett an English naval captain granted 6 000 acres 2 400 ha in 1623 to found a settlement in Casco Bay A member of the Council for New England and agent for Ferdinando Gorges Levett built a stone house where he left a company of ten men then returned to England to write a book about his voyage to bolster support for the settlement 15 Ultimately the settlement was a failure and the fate of Levett s colonists is unknown The explorer sailed from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony to meet John Winthrop in 1630 but never returned to Maine Fort Levett in the harbor is named for him The peninsula was settled in 1632 as a fishing and trading village named Casco 11 When the Massachusetts Bay Colony took over Casco Bay in 1658 the town s name changed again to Falmouth In 1676 the village was destroyed by the Abenaki during King Philip s War It was rebuilt During King William s War a raiding party of French and their native allies attacked and largely destroyed it again in the Battle of Fort Loyal 1690 nbsp Longfellow Square c 1906 On October 18 1775 Falmouth was burned in the Revolution by the Royal Navy under command of Captain Henry Mowat 16 Following the war a section of Falmouth called The Neck developed as a commercial port and began to grow rapidly as a shipping center In 1786 the citizens of Falmouth formed a separate town in Falmouth Neck and named it Portland after the isle off the coast of Dorset England 1 Portland s economy was greatly stressed by the Embargo Act of 1807 prohibition of trade with the British which ended in 1809 and the War of 1812 which ended in 1815 In 1820 Maine was established as a state with Portland as its capital In 1832 the capital was moved north and east to Augusta In 1851 Maine led the nation by passing the first state law prohibiting the sale of alcohol except for medicinal mechanical or manufacturing purposes The law subsequently became known as the Maine Law as 18 states quickly followed On June 2 1855 the Portland Rum Riot occurred nbsp Gun recovered from USS Maine on Munjoy HillIn 1853 upon completion of the Grand Trunk Railway to Montreal Portland became the primary ice free winter seaport for Canadian exports The Portland Company located on Fore Street manufactured more than six hundred 19th century steam locomotives as well as engines for trains and boats fire engines and other railroad transportation equipment The Portland Company was for a time the city s largest employer and many of its employees were immigrants from Canada Ireland and Italy Portland became a 20th century rail hub as five additional rail lines merged into Portland Terminal Company in 1911 These rail lines also facilitated movement of returning Canadian troops from the First World War in 1919 Following nationalization of the Grand Trunk system in 1923 Canadian export traffic was diverted from Portland to Halifax resulting in marked local economic decline In the 20th century icebreakers later enabled ships to reach Montreal in winter drastically reducing Portland s role as a winter port for Canada citation needed On June 26 1863 a Confederate raiding party led by Captain Charles Read entered the harbor at Portland leading to the Battle of Portland Harbor one of the northernmost battles of the Civil War The 1866 Great Fire of Portland Maine on July 4 1866 ignited during the Independence Day celebration destroyed most of the commercial buildings in the city half the churches and hundreds of homes More than 10 000 people were left homeless 17 By act of the Maine Legislature in 1899 Portland annexed the city of Deering 18 despite a vote by Deering residents rejecting the annexation thereby greatly increasing the size of the city and opening areas for development beyond the peninsula 19 In 1967 the city began the controversial razing of Franklin Street to construct a limited access highway to speed access in and out of the city for nonresidents The reconstruction of the street demolished 130 homes and businesses and caused an unknown number of families to be relocated or displaced 20 The construction of The Maine Mall an indoor shopping center established in the suburb of South Portland during the 1970s economically depressed downtown Portland The trend reversed when tourists and new businesses started revitalizing the old seaport a part of which is known locally as the Old Port Since the 1990s the historically industrial Bayside neighborhood has seen rapid development including attracting a Whole Foods and Trader Joe s supermarkets as well as Baxter Academy for Technology and Science an increasingly popular charter school Other rapidly developing neighborhoods include the India Street neighborhood near the Ocean Gateway and Munjoy Hill where many modern condos have been built 21 22 23 The Maine College of Art has been a revitalizing force downtown attracting students from around the country The historic Porteous building on Congress Street was restored by the college Universities operating in the city are expanding The University of Southern Maine is expanding its Portland campus with a 580 bed dorm student center and an arts center The University of New England intends to move its medical school from its Biddeford campus to its Portland campus Northeastern University s Roux Institute plans to build on the former B amp M Baked Beans factory campus in East Deering 24 Portland is known as a walkable city offering many opportunities for walking tours that feature its maritime and architectural history 25 Geography edit nbsp Aerial view of Portland nbsp Deering Oaks Park with fountain and castle pavilion is located at the point where Interstate 295 meets State Street Park Avenue and Deering Avenue According to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 69 44 sq mi 179 85 km2 of which 21 31 sq mi 55 19 km2 is land and 48 13 sq mi 124 66 km2 is water 26 Portland is situated on a peninsula in Casco Bay on the Gulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean Portland borders South Portland Westbrook and Falmouth The city is located at 43 66713 N 70 20717 W Climate edit Portland has a humid continental climate Koppen Dfb closely bordering on Dfa with cold snowy and often prolonged winters and warm relatively short summers The monthly average high temperature ranges from roughly 30 F 1 C in January to around 80 F 27 C in July Daily high temperatures reach or exceed 90 F 32 C on only four days per year on average while cold season lows of 0 F 18 C or below are reached on 10 nights per year on average 27 The area can be affected by severe nor easters during winter with high winds and snowfall totals often measuring over a foot Annual liquid precipitation rain averages 47 2 in 1 200 mm and is plentiful year round but with a slightly drier summer Annual frozen precipitation snow averages 69 in 175 cm in the city However this number can fluctuate seasonally from as little as 30 inches to as much as 150 inches depending on a multitude of factors In Southern Maine snowstorms can be intense from November through early April while warm season thunderstorms are somewhat less frequent than in the Midwestern Mid Atlantic and Southeastern U S although their frequency has increased in recent years 28 Direct strikes by hurricanes or tropical storms are rare partially due to the normally cooler Atlantic waters off the Maine coast which usually weaken tropical systems but primarily because most tropical systems approaching or reaching 40 degrees North latitude recurve due to the Coriolis force and track east out to sea well south of the Portland area Extreme temperatures range from 39 F 39 C on February 16 1943 to 103 F 39 C on July 4 1911 and August 2 1975 27 The hardiness zones are 5b and 6a Climate data for Portland International Jetport Maine 1991 2020 normals a extremes 1871 present b Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 67 19 68 20 88 31 92 33 96 36 98 37 103 39 103 39 96 36 88 31 75 24 71 22 103 39 Mean maximum F C 51 8 11 0 51 5 10 8 61 2 16 2 74 5 23 6 85 4 29 7 89 2 31 8 91 6 33 1 90 0 32 2 86 6 30 3 75 3 24 1 65 4 18 6 55 6 13 1 93 5 34 2 Mean daily maximum F C 32 4 0 2 35 0 1 7 42 3 5 7 53 8 12 1 64 2 17 9 73 6 23 1 79 5 26 4 78 7 25 9 71 1 21 7 59 5 15 3 48 4 9 1 38 3 3 5 56 4 13 6 Daily mean F C 24 0 4 4 26 2 3 2 34 1 1 2 44 6 7 0 54 9 12 7 64 3 17 9 70 4 21 3 69 2 20 7 61 6 16 4 50 3 10 2 40 0 4 4 30 3 0 9 47 5 8 6 Mean daily minimum F C 15 6 9 1 17 3 8 2 26 0 3 3 35 4 1 9 45 5 7 5 55 0 12 8 61 2 16 2 59 7 15 4 52 1 11 2 41 0 5 0 31 7 0 2 22 4 5 3 38 6 3 7 Mean minimum F C 6 1 21 2 2 2 19 0 6 4 14 2 23 7 4 6 33 1 0 6 43 4 6 3 51 7 10 9 48 6 9 2 37 1 2 8 26 5 3 1 16 0 8 9 3 9 15 6 9 0 22 8 Record low F C 26 32 39 39 21 29 8 13 23 5 33 1 40 4 33 1 23 5 15 9 6 21 21 29 39 39 Average precipitation inches mm 3 50 89 3 54 90 4 08 104 4 41 112 3 67 93 4 15 105 3 43 87 3 57 91 3 77 96 5 25 133 4 25 108 4 50 114 48 12 1 222 Average snowfall inches cm 18 6 47 16 6 42 13 6 35 2 8 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 2 3 5 8 14 6 37 68 7 174 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 11 2 10 2 11 3 11 1 12 5 11 7 10 8 9 4 9 3 10 9 10 7 12 3 131 4Average snowy days 0 1 in 7 6 7 0 5 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 6 0 28 6Average relative humidity 66 8 65 2 66 3 66 8 71 1 74 7 75 3 76 3 76 7 73 9 72 6 70 2 71 3Average dew point F C 11 5 11 4 12 9 10 6 21 7 5 7 30 9 0 6 42 6 5 9 53 1 11 7 59 2 15 1 58 5 14 7 50 9 10 5 39 7 4 3 30 0 1 1 17 4 8 1 35 7 2 1 Mean monthly sunshine hours 164 8 172 8 205 2 213 5 243 2 259 1 282 2 267 6 229 1 195 7 138 7 140 9 2 512 8Percent possible sunshine 57 59 55 53 53 56 60 62 61 57 48 51 56Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 2 1 4Source 1 NOAA relative humidity and sun 1961 1990 27 30 31 Source 2 Weather Atlas UV 32 Water temperaturesMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage sea temperature F C 41 3 5 2 38 8 3 8 38 0 3 3 41 6 5 3 46 7 8 1 54 6 12 6 61 3 16 3 63 7 17 7 60 5 15 8 54 9 12 8 49 6 9 8 45 3 7 4 49 7 9 8 Source Weather Atlas 32 Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki org See or edit raw graph data Sea level rise edit Portland is becoming increasingly affected by global warming and the rise of sea levels The coast is one of the fastest warming saltwater bodies and is predicted to see an increase to about 10 17 inches by 2030 in comparison to the levels in 2000 This is a major threat to the residents and ocean life around the area 33 In 2022 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued a report that showed sea level in Portland could rise by six inches by 2050 two feet by 2060 and two to six feet by 2100 34 Neighborhoods edit nbsp Portland Maine looking east to downtown nbsp Park Street Row in the West End completed 1835Main article Neighborhoods in Portland Maine Portland is organized into neighborhoods generally recognized by residents 35 but they have no legal or political authority In many cases city signs identify neighborhoods or intersections which are often called corners Most city neighborhoods have a local association 36 which usually maintains ongoing relations of varying degrees with the city government on issues affecting the neighborhood On March 8 1899 Portland annexed the neighboring city of Deering 37 Deering neighborhoods now comprise the northern and eastern sections of the city before the merger Portland s Deering High School was formerly the public high school for Deering Portland s neighborhoods include the Arts District Bayside Bradley s Corner Cliff Island Cushing s Island Deering Center Deering Highlands Downtown East Deering East Bayside East End Eastern Cemetery Great Diamond Island Highlands Kennedy Park Libbytown 38 Little Diamond Island Lunt s Corner Morrill s Corner Munjoy Hill Nason s Corner North Deering Oakdale the Old Port Parkside Peaks Island Riverton Park Rosemont Stroudwater West End and Woodfords Corner From the early 2000s onward many of Portland s neighborhoods have faced gentrification causing many local residents to be priced out of their neighborhoods In 2015 the Portland Press Herald published a series of articles documenting the super tight apartment market and the trauma caused by evictions and steep jumps in monthly rent 39 Also in that year city landlords raised rents by an average of 17 4 which was the second largest jump in the country 40 Demographics editHistorical population CensusPop Note 17902 240 18003 70465 4 18107 16993 5 18208 58119 7 183012 59846 8 184015 21820 8 185020 81536 8 186026 34126 5 187031 41319 3 188033 8107 6 189036 4257 7 190050 14537 7 191058 57116 8 192069 27218 3 193070 8102 2 194073 6434 0 195077 6345 4 196072 566 6 5 197065 116 10 3 198061 572 5 4 199064 3584 5 200064 249 0 2 201066 1943 0 202068 4083 3 U S Decennial Census 41 Raymond H Fogler Library 42 2010 census edit As of the census 43 of 2010 there were 66 194 people 30 725 households and 13 324 families residing in the city The population density was 3 106 2 sq mi 1 199 3 km2 There were 33 836 housing units at an average density of 1 587 8 sq mi 613 1 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 85 0 White 83 6 non Hispanic White alone down from 96 6 in 1990 44 7 1 African American 0 5 Native American 3 5 Asian 1 2 from other races and 2 7 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3 0 of the population 40 7 of the population had a bachelor s degree or higher There were 30 725 households of which 20 7 had children under the age of 18 living with them 29 7 were married couples living together 10 1 had a female householder with no husband present 3 6 had a male householder with no wife present and 56 6 were non families 40 5 of all households were made up of individuals and 11 4 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 07 and the average family size was 2 88 The median age in the city was 36 7 years 17 1 of residents were under the age of 18 11 4 were between the ages of 18 and 24 33 1 were from 25 to 44 25 9 were from 45 to 64 and 12 6 were 65 years of age or older The gender makeup of the city was 48 8 male and 51 2 female nbsp Map of Portland s poverty rate and accessibility to public transit and grocery stores2000 census edit As of the census of 2000 there were 64 250 people 29 714 households and 13 549 families residing in the city The population density was 3 029 2 inhabitants per square mile 1 169 6 km2 There were 31 862 housing units at an average density of 1 502 2 per square mile 580 0 km2 According to the U S Census Bureau Portland s immediate metropolitan area ranked 147th in the nation in 2000 with a population of 243 537 while the Portland South Portland Biddeford metropolitan area included 487 568 total inhabitants This has increased to an estimated 513 102 inhabitants and the largest metro area in Northern New England as of 2007 update 45 Much of this increase in population has been due to growth in the city s southern and western suburbs The racial makeup of the city was 91 27 White 2 59 African American 0 47 Native American 3 08 Asian 0 06 Pacific Islander 0 67 from other races and 1 86 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1 52 of the population The largest ancestries include British including Scottish Welsh and English 21 2 Irish 19 2 French 10 8 Italian 10 5 and German 6 9 citation needed There were 29 714 households out of which 21 4 had children under the age of 18 living with them 32 1 were married couples living together 10 5 had a female householder with no husband present and 54 4 were non families 40 1 of all households were made up of individuals and 11 5 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 08 and the average family size was 2 89 In the city the population was spread out with 18 8 under the age of 18 10 7 from 18 to 24 36 1 from 25 to 44 20 6 from 45 to 64 and 13 9 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 36 years For every 100 females there were 91 8 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89 0 males The median income for a household in the city was 35 650 and the median income for a family was 48 763 Males had a median income of 31 828 versus 27 173 for females The per capita income for the city was 22 698 About 9 7 of families and 14 1 of the population were below the poverty line including 12 5 of those under age 18 and 11 9 of those age 65 or over Race ethnicity composition Race ethnicity 2020 2010 46 2000 47 1990 48 1960 48 White 84 6 83 6 91 27 96 99 4 African Americans 8 4 7 1 2 59 1 1 0 5 Asian 3 5 3 5 3 08 1 7 0 1 Two or more races 2 9 2 7 1 86 0 2 NAHispanic or Latino 3 3 1 52 0 8 NANative American 0 1 0 5 0 47 0 4 NAEconomy edit nbsp Municipal ferries on the Portland waterfrontPortland has become Maine s economic capital because the city has Maine s largest port largest population and is close to Boston 105 miles to the southwest Over the years the local economy has shifted from fishing manufacturing and agriculture towards a more service based economy Most national bank institutions and other related financial organizations such as Bank of America and Key Bank base their Maine operations in Portland UnumProvident Covetrus TruChoice Federal Credit Union People s United Bank ImmuCell Corp and Pioneer Telephone have headquarters here and Portland s neighboring cities of South Portland Westbrook and Scarborough provide homes for other corporations including IDEXX and WEX Inc Between 1867 and 2021 Burnham amp Morrill Co maker of B amp M Baked Beans had its main plant in Portland the B amp M Baked Beans factory 49 The city s port is also undergoing a revival and the first ever container train departed from the new International Marine Terminal with fifteen containers of locally produced bottled tap water in early 2016 50 In January 2020 Portland was announced to be the location of a new research institute that will focus on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning Northeastern University was selected by technology entrepreneur David Roux to lead the institute that will include programs that will allow graduate student research 51 Portland also has a large subsidized housing industry with more than five large real estate companies entirely in the business citation needed nbsp Portland s East End Waterfront with new marina and high tech companies Arts and culture edit nbsp Maine Narrow Gauge Railroad nbsp The Time and Temperature BuildingPortland has a long history of prominence in the arts peaking the first time in the early nineteenth century when the city was a rival and not a satellite of either Boston or New York 52 In that period Henry Wadsworth Longfellow got his start as a poet and John Neal held a central position in leading American literature toward its great renaissance 53 54 having founded Maine s first literary periodical The Yankee in 1828 55 Other notable literary or artistic figures who got their start or were at their prime in that period include Grenville Mellen Nathaniel Parker Willis Seba Smith Elizabeth Oakes Smith Benjamin Paul Akers Charles Codman Franklin Simmons John Rollin Tilton and Harrison Bird Brown 56 Since 2000 Portland has hosted a monthly First Friday Art Walk event that attracts more than 3 000 visitors 57 Sites of interest edit The Arts District centered on Congress Street is home to the Portland Museum of Art Portland Stage Company Maine Historical Society amp Museum Portland Public Library Maine College of Art SPACE Gallery Children s Museum of Maine Merrill Auditorium the Kotzschmar Memorial Organ and Portland Symphony Orchestra as well as many smaller art galleries and studios Baxter Boulevard around Back Cove Deering Oaks Park the Eastern Promenade Western Promenade Lincoln Park and Riverton Park are all historical parks within the city Other parks and natural spaces include Payson Park Post Office Park Baxter Woods Evergreen Cemetery Western Cemetery and the Fore River Sanctuary Thompson s Point in the Libbytown neighborhood has been a focus of renovation and redevelopment since the 2010s The location hosts a concert venue ice rink hotels restaurants wineries and breweries 58 Other sites of interest include Casco Bay Islands Cross Insurance Arena East End Beach Exchange Street the Old Port area Hadlock Field home of the Portland Sea Dogs baseball team International Cryptozoology Museum Portland Exposition Building home of the Maine Celtics basketball team Longfellow Arboretum Neal S Dow House Maine Narrow Gauge Railroad Museum Martin s Point McLellan Sweat Mansion The Portland Club Portland Head Light Lighthouse Portland Observatory Portland Stage Company University of New England UNE University of Southern Maine USM Victoria Mansion Wadsworth Longfellow HouseNotable buildings edit nbsp Wadsworth Longfellow HouseThe spire of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception has been a notable feature of the Portland skyline since its completion in 1854 In 1859 Ammi B Young designed the Marine Hospital the first of three local works by Supervising Architects of the U S Treasury Department Although the city lost to redevelopment its 1867 Greek Revival post office which was designed by Alfred B Mullett of white Vermont marble and featured a Corinthian portico Portland retains his equally monumental 1872 granite Second Empire Renaissance Revival custom house A more recent building of note is Franklin Towers a 16 story residential tower completed in 1969 At 175 feet 53 meters 59 it is Portland s as well as Maine s tallest building It is next to the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception on the city skyline During the building boom of the 1980s several new buildings rose on the peninsula including the 1983 Charles Shipman Payson Building by Henry N Cobb of Pei Cobb Freed amp Partners at the Portland Museum of Art complex a component of which is the 1801 McLellan Sweat Mansion and the Back Bay Tower a fifteen story residential building completed in 1990 60 477 Congress Street known locally as the Time and Temperature Building is situated near Monument Square in the Arts District and is a major landmark the 14 story building features a large electronic sign on its roof that flashes time and temperature data as well as parking ban information in the winter The sign can be seen from nearly all of downtown Portland The building is home to several radio stations The Press Herald Building at 390 Congress Street is strategically located across Congress Street from Portland City Hall and was built in 1923 and then expanded in 1948 for use as the newspaper s headquarters 61 The Westin Portland Harborview completed in 1927 is a prominent hotel located downtown on High Street Photographer Todd Webb lived in Portland during his later years and took many pictures of the city 62 Some of Webb s pictures can be found at the Evans Gallery 63 Media edit See also Media of Portland Maine The city is home to one daily newspaper The Portland Press Herald Maine Sunday Telegram founded in 1862 The Press Herald is published Monday through Saturday and The Maine Sunday Telegram is published on Sundays Both are published by MaineToday Media Inc which also operates an entertainment website MaineToday com and owns papers in Augusta Waterville and Bath Portland had an alternative weekly newspaper The Portland Phoenix published by the Phoenix Media Communications Group which also produced a New England wide news arts and entertainment website thephoenix com and a twice annual LGBT issues magazine Out in Maine Other publications include The Portland Forecaster a weekly newspaper Mainer a monthly alternative magazine formerly known as The Bollard The West End News The Munjoy Hill Observer The Baysider The Waterfront Portland Magazine and The Companion an LGBT publication Portland is also the home office of The Exception Magazine an online newspaper that covers Maine The Portland broadcast media market is the largest one in Maine for both radio and television As of 2023 it is the 93rd largest radio market Radio stations located in Portland include WFNK Classic Hits WJJB Sports WTHT Country WBQW Classical WHXR Rock WHOM Adult Contemporary WJBQ Top 40 WCLZ Adult Album Alternative WBLM Classic Rock WYNZ 1960s 1970s Hits and WCYY Modern Rock WMPG is a local non commercial radio station run by community members and the University of Southern Maine The Maine Public Broadcasting Network s MPBN radio news operations are based in Portland As of 2023 the Portland Auburn television market is the 78th largest one in the country Stations include WCSH 6 NBC WMTW 8 ABC WGME 13 CBS WPFO 23 Fox WIPL 35 ION and WPXT 51 The CW MyNetworkTV on DT3 There is no PBS affiliate licensed to the city of Portland but the market is served by MPBN outlets WCBB Channel 10 in Augusta and WMEA TV Channel 26 Biddeford TV Channel Number on Cable Call Sign Network Owner6 WCSH NBC Tegna Inc 8 WMTW ABC Hearst Television10 WCBB PBS Maine Public Broadcasting Network13 WGME CBS Sinclair Broadcast Group23 WPFO Fox Cunningham Broadcasting26 WMEA TV PBS Maine Public Broadcasting Network35 WIPL Ion Television Ion Media51 WPXT The CWMyNetworkTV DT3 Hearst TelevisionHistorical newspapers edit Historical newspapers formerly published in Portland are many and include Eastern Argus Evening Express The Pleasure Boat and The Portland Daily Sun Food and beverage editNumber of restaurants edit Downtown Portland including the Arts District and the Old Port has a high concentration of eating and drinking establishments with many more to be found throughout the rest of the peninsula outlying neighborhoods and neighboring communities The city is also home to numerous food trucks and food carts 64 which park on the city streets and at festivals events and breweries Most operate in the summer a few operate year round Notable restaurants include Fore Street Duckfat Becky s Diner and The Great Lost Bear 65 Food recognition edit Portland has developed a national reputation for the quality of its restaurants eateries and food culture The city has been visited by many food shows including Rachael Ray s Food Network show 40 a Day the Travel Channel s Man v Food and Anthony Bourdain No Reservations 66 67 68 Bon Appetit named Portland the Restaurant City of the Year in 2018 69 Beverages edit Portland is home to numerous juice bars 70 coffee shops coffee roasteries 71 tea houses distilleries microbreweries and brewpubs Brewers include the D L Geary Brewing Company Gritty McDuff s Brewing Company Shipyard Brewing Company Casco Bay Brewing Co and Allagash Brewing Company Portland s spirits industry has also grown in recent years 72 73 The city is known for its pure tap water The water comes from Sebago Lake It is piped to Portland by the Portland Water District Sebago Lake is one of 50 surface water supplies among 13 000 in the country that the Environmental Protection Agency says do not need filtration 74 Farmers markets edit The Portland Farmers Market takes place Wednesdays in Monument Square Saturdays in Deering Oaks Park from early May to the end of November and Saturdays at The Maine Girls Academy from early December to the end of April Vegetarian food edit The city has the state s most vegan and vegetarian restaurants Vegetarian friendly restaurants number more than 200 in 2020 according to the Maine Sunday Telegram 75 Celebrity chef Toni Fiore first filmed the PBS cooking show Totally Vegetarian in 2002 at the cable access station in Portland 76 The Portland Press Herald has featured a vegan column by Avery Yale Kamila in its Food amp Dining section since 2009 77 78 In 2011 the Portland Public Schools added a daily vegetarian cold lunch to its school menu choices In 2019 the district changed to a daily hot vegan school meal option 79 Food festivals edit Portland hosts a number of food and beverage festivals including Festival of Nations takes place in July in Deering Oaks Park and organized by group of local organizations 80 Greek Festival three day event in June at Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church 81 Harvest on the Harbor multi day event takes place in October 82 Italian Street Festival amp Bazaar three day event in August outside St Peter s Parish commemorates the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Feast of Saint Rocco 83 Maine Brewers Festival held multiple times a year by the Maine Brewers Guild 84 Maine VegFest takes place in October and organized by Maine Animal Coalition since 2005 the event features all vegan food and was originally called Maine Vegetarian Food Festival 85 Taste of the Nation fundraiser for food insecurity that stopped after 2015 but happened again in 2019 86 Maine Restaurant Week takes place over 12 days in March 87 Maine Seaweed Week takes place in the spring 88 Food history edit Since 1768 the Portland Farmers Market has been in operation It was first established in the Town Hall that served 136 families on the peninsula 89 Portland is where national Prohibition started Portland mayor and temperance leader Neal Dow led Maine to ban alcohol sales in 1851 90 The law led to the Portland Rum Riot in 1855 In 1845 The Pleasure Boat was the earliest vegetarian publication in Maine 91 Canned corn was developed in Portland by the N Winslow company By 1852 the Winslow s Patent Hermetically Sealed Green Corn was a commercial success and the company became a world leader in the canning industry 92 93 An historic B amp M Baked Beans canning plant built in 1913 operated on the waterfront until 2021 when it closed and production moved to the midwest 94 By late 2022 B amp M customers were reporting that the baked beans were undercooked crunchy and tasted different Customers speculated that the beans were no longer being baked Some customers were hoarding B amp M bean cans produced at the Portland plant 95 In the early 20th century a Little Italy neighborhood developed around India Street 96 The city s Amato s Italian delicatessen on India Street is reported to be the birthplace of the Italian sandwich called an Italian by locals which Amato s first served in 1902 97 The Village Restaurant an Italian restaurant in the city s East End was in operation for 71 years from 1936 to 2007 98 In 1949 Miccuci s Grocery Co opened on India Street and remains in business 96 In the 1970s and 1980s The Hollow Reed was a notable vegetarian restaurant on Fore Street cited for its influence on the city s restaurant culture 99 In 1979 The Great Lost Bear opened on Forest Avenue and was recognized for its large selection of draft craft beers 100 In 1982 DiMillo s on the Water opened in a former car ferry docked at Portland s Long Wharf 101 In 1988 the Gritty McDuff s brewpub was founded on Fore Street and is considered the first brewpub to open in Maine since Prohibition ended 102 In 1989 Marcy s Diner opened on Free Street and in 2015 it made international headlines following a spat between the then cook owner and a patron over the latter s screaming child 103 In 1991 Becky s Diner opened on Commercial Street after it got an exception to the city s zoning laws prohibiting non fishery businesses on the waterfront and has attracted famous patrons including Taylor Swift and president Bill Clinton In 2007 the Green Elephant opened on Congress Street and received critical attention for the vegetarian menu 104 Sports editClub League Venue Established ChampionshipsPortland Sea Dogs Eastern League Baseball Hadlock Field 1994 1Maine Mariners ECHL Ice hockey Cross Insurance Arena 2018 0Maine Celtics NBA G League Basketball Portland Exposition Building 2009 0Portland USL League One Soccer Fitzpatrick Stadium 2025 0Portland Rugby Football Club New England Rugby Football Union Rugby Union Fox Street Field 1969 1Maine Roller Derby WFTDA Roller Derby Portland Exposition Building 2006 0Portland Lumberjacks PBA Tour Professional Bowling Team Bayside Bowl 2016 2Maine Cats USAFL Aussie Rules Football Dougherty Field 2018 0Portland Rising PUL Ultimate Fitzpatrick Stadium 2020 0 nbsp Entrance area of Hadlock Field home of the Portland Sea DogsThe city is home to three minor league teams The Portland Sea Dogs the Double A farm team of the Boston Red Sox play at Hadlock Field The Maine Celtics the NBA G League affiliate of the Boston Celtics play at the Portland Exposition Building The Maine Mariners ECHL affiliates of the Boston Bruins play at Cross Insurance Arena A USL League One soccer team was granted to Portland in 2023 to begin play by 2025 105 Previously Portland was home of several minor league ice hockey teams the Maine Nordiques NAHL from 1973 to 1977 the Maine Mariners AHL from 1977 to 1992 and the Portland Pirates AHL from 1993 to 2016 The Mariners were three time Calder Cup winners winning it in 1978 1979 and 1984 while the Pirates would win the Calder Cup in 1995 GPS Portland Phoenix soccer teams played in USL League Two from 2009 until 2020 The Maine Mammoths of the National Arena League played in 2018 and were the first indoor football team to call Portland home The team suspended operations after one season while it negotiated with local ownership groups but was ultimately dissolved The Portland Sports Complex located off of Park and Brighton Avenues near I 295 and Deering Oaks park houses several of the city s stadiums and arenas including Hadlock Field baseball Capacity 7 368 Fitzpatrick Stadium football soccer lacrosse field hockey and outdoor track Capacity 6 000 seated Portland Exposition Building basketball indoor track concerts and trade shows Capacity 3 000 Portland Ice Arena hockey and figure skating Capacity 400 Cross Insurance Arena has 6 733 permanent seats following renovation in 2014 The Portland area has eleven professional golf courses 124 tennis courts and 95 playgrounds There are also over 100 mi 160 km of nature trails Portland hosts the Maine Marathon each October Bayside Bowl was expanded in 2017 to 20 lanes including a rooftop deck It hosted the 2017 PBA League and Elias Cup Memorial Stadium is the home of the Deering High School sports teams and is located behind the school Parks and recreation editThe city of Portland includes more than 700 acres of open space and public parks The city and surrounding communities are linked by 70 miles of trails both urban and wooded maintained by the nonprofit Portland Trails The Portland Parks Conservancy which was established in 2019 is a nonprofit organization that raises money to support Portland s park system 106 In 2021 the Portland Parks Conservancy funded the establishment of the Portland Youth Corp The Portland Youth Corp performs work in Portland s parks and residents between the ages of 14 and 16 can apply to participate in the paid program 107 The city requires organic land care techniques be used on both public and private property 108 In 2018 the Portland City Council banned the use of synthetic pesticides 109 In 2020 the city received a 10 000 grant from Hannaford Stonyfield Farm and Osborn Organics to pay for soil tests and other start up costs of transitioning the heavily used Fox Field in Kennedy Park to an organic maintenance plan 110 Well known and historic parks include Deering Oaks Park Eastern Promenade Western Promenade Baxter Boulevard Lincoln Park Congress Square Park Payson Park East End Beach East End Trail Bayside Trail Kennedy Park Riverside Municipal Golf Course Fort Sumner Park Baxter Woods Fore River Sanctuary Quarry Run Dog Park Riverton Trolley ParkParks with splash pads and pools 111 Deering Oaks Ravine Kiwanis Pool Peppermint Park Payson Park Stone Street PlaygroundGovernment edit nbsp City Hall c 1910 nbsp Closeup of City Hall 2014 nbsp Custom House completed 1872The city has adopted a council manager style government that is detailed in the city charter The citizens of Portland are represented by a nine member city council which makes policy passes ordinances approves appropriations appoints the city manager and oversees the municipal government The city council of nine members is elected by the citizens of Portland The city has five voting districts with each district electing a city councilor to represent their neighborhood interests for a three year term There are also four members of the city council who are elected at large 112 The four at large members are elected through Proportional ranked choice voting 113 114 From 1923 until 2011 city councilors chose one of themselves each year to serve as Mayor of Portland a primarily ceremonial position On November 2 2010 Portland voters narrowly approved a measure that allowed them to elect the mayor On November 8 2011 former State Senator and candidate for U S Congress Michael F Brennan was elected as mayor On December 5 2011 he was sworn in as the first citizen elected mayor in 88 years see Portland Maine mayoral election 2011 The office of mayor is a four year position that earns a salary of 150 of the city s median income 115 The current mayor is Mark Dion who narrowly defeated city councilor Andrew Zarro after 5 ranked choice rounds in the November 2023 election 116 A city manager is appointed by the city council The city manager oversees the daily operations of the city government appoints the heads of city departments and prepares annual budgets The city manager directs all city agencies and departments and is responsible for the executing laws and policies passed by the city council 112 The current city manager is Danielle West Aside from the main city council there is also an elected school board for the Portland Public School system The school board is made up in the same manner of the city council with five district members four at large members and one chairman 117 There are also three students from the local high schools elected to serve on the board There are many other boards and committees such as the Planning Committee Board of Appeals and Harbor Commission etc These committees and boards have limited power in their respective areas of expertise Members of boards and committees are appointed by city council members On November 5 2013 Portland voters overwhelmingly approved an ordinance to legalize the possession and private use of cannabis for adults making the city the first municipality in the Eastern United States to do so 118 James E Craig was chief of the Portland Police Department from 2009 to 2011 He would later go on to become the chief of the Cincinnati Police Department and Detroit Police Department In the U S House of Representatives Portland is included in Maine s 1st congressional district and is currently represented by Democrat Chellie M Pingree Portland city vote by party in presidential elections 119 120 Year Democratic Republican Third Parties2020 81 33 33 786 15 61 6 486 3 06 1 2722016 75 90 28 534 18 06 6 789 6 05 2 2732012 76 32 27 739 20 60 7 488 3 08 1 1182008 76 87 28 317 21 29 7 844 1 84 6792004 72 60 26 800 25 61 9 455 1 79 6612000 63 41 20 506 27 33 8 838 9 27 2 9971996 64 04 19 755 23 27 7 178 12 69 3 9151992 55 31 19 510 24 55 8 660 20 14 7 104Voter registration Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of October 21 2022 121 Party Total Voters PercentageDemocratic 30 544 64 05 Unenrolled Independent 10 313 21 63 Republican 5 063 10 62 Green Independent 1 728 3 62 Libertarian 40 0 08 Total 47 688 100 00 Education edit nbsp Portland High School nbsp College of Pharmacy University of New EnglandSee also Portland Public Schools and List of Portland Maine schools High schools edit Baxter Academy for Technology and Science charter Casco Bay High School public expeditionary Cheverus High School private Deering High School public Portland Arts amp Technology High School public vocational Portland High School public Waynflete School private Colleges and universities edit College expansions underway in 2022 at the University of Southern Maine to add a 580 bed dorm at the University of New England to move the medical school from Biddeford into a new 93 million building on the Portland campus and at the Northeastern University Roux Institute to build a campus on the site of the former B amp M Baked Beans factory have the potential within two decades to bring the total college and university students in the city to 15 000 which would be similar to the percentage of students in Boston 24 Institute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual Arts Maine College of Art Roux Institute University of Maine School of Law University of New England University of Southern MaineInfrastructure editFire department edit The Portland Fire Department PFD provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Portland 24 7 365 Established on March 29 1768 the PFD is made up of over 230 paid professional firefighters and operates out of seven Fire Stations located throughout the city in addition to Fire Stations staffed by on call firefighters on Peaks Island Great Diamond Island Cushing Island and Cliff Island The Portland Fire Department also operates an Airport Division Station at 1001 Westbrook St at the Portland International Jetport and a Marine Division Station located at 54 Commercial St 122 123 Police edit The Portland Police Department is the largest municipal police department in the state of Maine citation needed Hospitals edit nbsp Maine Medical CenterMaine Medical Center is the state s only Level I trauma center and is the largest hospital in Maine 124 Mercy Hospital a faith based institution is the fourth largest in the state It completed the first phase of its new campus along the Fore River in 2008 125 The formerly independent Brighton Medical Center once known as the Osteopathic Hospital is now owned by Maine Medical Center and is operated as a minor care center under the names Brighton First Care and New England Rehab In 2010 Maine Medical Center s Hannaford Center for Safety Innovation and Simulation opened at the Brighton campus 126 The former Portland General Hospital is now home to the Barron Center nursing facility citation needed Wastewater management edit One wastewater management project is named the Bedford Street Sewer Separation with its goal to improve the water quality and health of Back Cove by reducing the amount of combined sewer overflows CSO that over flow during heavy rain events through the use of sewer separation and water treatment devices 127 Transportation edit Roads edit See also Portland Transportation Center and Ocean Gateway International Marine Passenger Terminal nbsp Portland from above looking north along I 295Portland is accessible from I 95 the Maine Turnpike I 295 and US 1 U S Route 302 a major travel route and scenic highway between Maine and Vermont has its eastern terminus in Portland State Routes include SR 9 SR 22 SR 25 SR 26 SR 77 and SR 100 SR 25 Business goes through southwestern Portland Intercity buses and trains edit Amtrak s Downeaster service offers five daily trains connecting the city s station with eight towns and cities to the south ending at Boston s North Station Trains also go north to Freeport and Brunswick Concord Coach Lines bus service connects Portland to 14 other communities in Maine as well as to Boston s South Station and Logan Airport Both the Downeaster and the Concord Coach Lines can be found at the Portland Transportation Center on Thompsons Point Road in the Libbytown neighborhood 38 Local bus service edit Local bus transit is provided by Greater Portland Metro 128 with connections to South Portland Bus Service and Biddeford Saco Old Orchard Beach Transit Airports edit Commercial air service is available at the Portland International Jetport PWM located in Stroudwater west of the city s downtown district American Southwest JetBlue Breeze Airways Sun Country Delta and United Airlines service the airport Direct flights are available to Atlanta Baltimore Charlotte Chicago Detroit Denver Minneapolis Orlando Philadelphia New York Newark Sarasota and Washington D C 129 Water transportation edit The Port of Portland is the second largest cruise and passenger destination in the state next to Bar Harbor and is served by the Ocean Gateway International Marine Passenger Terminal Ferry service is available year round to many destinations in Casco Bay From 2006 to 2009 Bay Ferries operated a high speed ferry called The Cat featuring a five hour trip to Yarmouth Nova Scotia for summer passengers and cars In years past the Scotia Prince Cruises trip took eleven hours A proposal to replace the defunct Nova Scotia ferry service was rejected in 2013 by the province From May 15 2014 until October 2015 the cruise ship ferry Nova Star made daily trips to Yarmouth Nova Scotia 130 Due to poor passenger numbers and financial problems Nova Scotia selected Bay Ferries the prior operator of The Cat to operate the service starting in 2016 citing the company s experience and industry relationships Nova Star officials pledged a smooth transition to the new operator 131 The Nova Star was later ordered seized by federal marshals for nonpayment of bills 132 Bay Ferries announced on March 24 2016 the charter of the former Hawaii Superferry boat HST 2 from the US Navy for the Portland Yarmouth service for two years Bay Ferries signed a ten year deal with Nova Scotia to run the ferry route which will take about five and a half hours each way They stated that the boat would be renamed The Cat 133 and that service would begin around June 15 after refitting in South Carolina There is still a dispute as to whether the ferry will be permitted to carry trucks desired by Nova Scotia businesses but opposed by the City of Portland 134 The Casco Bay Lines operate several passenger ferries with dozens of trips every day year round to the major populated islands of Casco Bay The service to Peaks Island also provides an auto ferry for most of its schedule Notable people editMain article List of people from Portland MaineSister cities editPortland s sister cities are 135 nbsp Arkhangelsk Russia nbsp Cap Haitien Haiti nbsp Mytilene Greece nbsp Shinagawa Tokyo JapanSee also edit nbsp Cities portal nbsp Maine portalMayor of Portland Maine USS Portland LSD 37 Notes edit Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Official records for Portland were kept at downtown from March 1871 to 24 November 1940 and at Portland Int l Jetport PWM since 25 November 1940 Temperature records are limited to the period that PWM was the official site i e since 1940 and are based on the Monthly Weather Summary product issued by the NWS office in Gray Maine 29 precipitation and snowfall records date to 1871 and 1882 respectively References editGeneralHistory of Portland from 1632 to 1864 by Wm Willis 1865 History of Portland Maine 1886 Specific a b Coolidge A J and J B Mansfeld 1859 A History and Description of New England General and Local Boston Austin J Coolidge p 301 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved April 8 2022 List of 2020 Census Urban Areas census gov United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 8 2023 Census QuickFacts Portland city Maine Archived from the original on July 8 2021 Retrieved October 13 2021 Explore Downtown Portland Downtown Archived from the original on January 2 2019 Retrieved January 2 2019 Facts and Links City of Portland asp portlandmaine gov Archived from the original on 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Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on June 17 2023 Retrieved May 20 2021 Portland INTL Jetport Climate Normals 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on June 17 2023 Retrieved May 20 2021 a b Portland Maine USA Monthly weather forecast and Climate data Weather Atlas Retrieved July 4 2019 Barely a cloud in the sky and Portland Maine is flooding PBS NewsHour November 14 2021 Archived from the original on February 22 2022 Retrieved February 22 2022 Meyer Mal February 16 2022 Sea level expected to rise nearly 1 5 feet by 2050 along Maine s coast WPFO Archived from the original on February 18 2022 Retrieved February 23 2022 Neighborhoods Portland Maine Archived from the original on February 1 2018 Retrieved January 31 2018 Neighborhoods Associations Portland ME www livinginportland org Archived from the original on January 5 2014 Retrieved September 10 2017 Shall We Tax the Hunters Lewiston Evening Journal February 2 1899 p 2 Archived from the original on February 19 2022 Retrieved October 19 2020 a b Deans Emma July 8 2010 Welcome to Nowhere Reconnecting an amputated neighborhood The Bollard Archived from the original on July 31 2010 Retrieved July 12 2010 OnPointListens Listening To A Changing Portland And Country Archived August 19 2019 at the Wayback Machine WBUR August 4 2017 Rental Prices Skyrocketing in Portland Maine Archived August 19 2019 at the Wayback Machine NECN June 23 2015 Explore Census Data census gov United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on June 24 2021 Retrieved June 19 2021 Minor Civil Division Population Search Results University of Maine Archived from the original on September 29 2011 Retrieved September 18 2013 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on July 1 2021 Retrieved November 23 2012 Maine Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places Earliest Census to 1990 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 12 2012 Table 1 Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas April 1 2010 to July 1 2012 CBSA EST2012 01 2012 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Population Division September 18 2013 Archived from the original CSV on April 1 2013 Retrieved September 18 2013 Population estimates July 1 2015 V2015 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on October 28 2016 Retrieved January 30 2017 Portland Maine Population Census 2010 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on July 19 2018 Retrieved January 30 2017 a b Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race 1790 to 1990 and By Hispanic Origin 1970 to 1990 For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States PDF US Census Bureau Archived PDF from the original on March 12 2019 Retrieved January 30 2017 Iconic B amp M Baked Beans factory to be sold turned into Roux Institute campus WMTW August 31 2021 Retrieved July 27 2022 Poland Spring to ship water by train to Massachusetts distributors Press Herald April 6 2016 Archived from the original on January 24 2018 Retrieved January 23 2018 Northeastern University launches 100 million research center in Maine Archived from the original on February 26 2020 Retrieved February 18 2020 Sears Donald A 1978 John Neal Boston Massachusetts Twayne Publishers p 124 quoting Edward C Kirkland ISBN 080 5 7723 08 Kayorie James Stephen Merritt 2019 John Neal 1793 1876 In Baumgartner Jody C ed American Political Humor Masters of Satire and Their Impact on U S Policy and Culture Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO p 87 ISBN 9781440854866 Sears Donald A 1978 John Neal Boston Massachusetts Twayne Publishers p 123 ISBN 080 5 7723 08 Richards Irving T 1933 The Life and Works of John Neal PhD Harvard University p 576 OCLC 7588473 Archived from the original on February 19 2022 Retrieved June 4 2021 Barry William David Shettleworth Jr Earle G 1981 Introduction Mr Goodhue Remembers Portland Scenes from the Mid 19th Century Augusta Maine Maine Historic Preservation Commission OCLC 7671132 Pages are unnumbered First Friday Art Walk Creative Portland Creative Portland Corporation Retrieved December 5 2022 Started in the year 2000 First Friday Art Walk has blossomed into a monthly arts and cultural event Over 3 000 people come downtown each month Thompson s Point Development in Portland Maine Thompson s Point Archived from the original on February 2 2017 Retrieved January 30 2017 Franklin Towers Emporis com Archived from the original on February 14 2015 Retrieved February 13 2014 CB Richard Ellis The Boulos Company Greater Portland Area 2006 Office Market Survey PDF Archived from the original PDF on August 22 2006 Retrieved August 10 2006 Bair Diane April 5 2015 Hotel opens in old Portland Press Herald building The Boston Globe BostonGlobe com Retrieved May 3 2022 Bob Keyes April 4 2010 THAT 70S SHOW A new photography exhibition offers a look back at a very different Portland Maine Sunday Telegram Archived from the original on April 16 2010 Retrieved October 10 2010 Seeing Portland focuses on the work of photographers from the 1970s and early 80s including Splendid Restaurant Congress Street Portland 8 20 76 by Todd Webb The show opens Saturday at Zero Station in Portland The exhibition brings together the work of several accomplished photographers In addition to Graham photographers with work in the show include Tom Brennan C C Church Rose Marasco Joe Muir Mark Rockwood Jeff Stevensen Jay York and Todd Webb Bob Keyes May 30 2010 Photographer s estate updates improves website Maine Sunday Telegram Archived from the original on August 10 2011 Retrieved October 10 2010 The estate of Todd Webb announced a recent refurbishment of its website toddwebbphotographs com Snack attack Where to find food trucks and carts in Greater Portland Press Herald May 19 2019 Archived from the original on September 6 2019 Retrieved September 6 2019 First Devra May 9 2019 Where to eat and what to order in Portland Maine The Boston Globe BostonGlobe com Archived from the original on May 13 2020 Retrieved May 7 2020 Portland Maine Food Network Archived from the original on January 2 2019 Retrieved January 2 2019 Writer Meredith GoadStaff July 6 2010 Man v Food eats Maine Press Herald Archived from the original on July 17 2018 Retrieved January 2 2019 Gavin Ryan June 8 2018 Watch That Time When Anthony Bourdain Traveled to Maine amp Loved Vacationland on No Reservations Q97 9 Archived from the original on January 3 2019 Retrieved January 2 2019 Portland Maine Is the 2018 Restaurant City of the Year Bon Appetit August 7 2018 Archived from the original on September 20 2018 Retrieved September 20 2018 Kamila Avery Yale August 2 2017 Explosion of smoothies in Portland looks like healthy trend Press Herald Archived from the original on September 6 2019 Retrieved September 6 2019 Valigra Lori May 30 2016 Watch out craft brewing Maine craft coffee is a multimillion dollar industry MaineBiz Retrieved September 6 2019 permanent dead link Tastings Beer Wine amp Spirits Visit Portland May 23 2019 Archived from the original on February 19 2022 Retrieved April 1 2020 Maine Distillers Guild Make Mine from Maine Maine Distillers Guild Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Retrieved April 1 2020 Graham Gillian November 27 2019 Exactly 150 years after Sebago Lake water arrived in Portland focus is still on keeping it clean Press Herald Archived from the original on March 27 2020 Retrieved March 27 2020 Kamila Avery Yale January 19 2020 Vegan Kitchen Portland s vegan restaurant scene is red hot Press Herald Archived from the original on January 20 2020 Retrieved January 20 2020 Kamila Avery Yale June 11 2014 Mashup back for new season of vegan goodness Press Herald Archived from the original on February 6 2020 Retrieved March 27 2020 Fotiades Anestes August 19 2009 Natural Foodie General News Portland Food Map Archived from the original on March 27 2020 Retrieved March 27 2020 Han Cindy Vegan amp Plant Based Living www mainepublic org Archived from the original on January 3 2020 Retrieved January 3 2020 Mills Lindsey August 26 2019 Portland elementary schools to add vegan hot lunch options News Center Maine Retrieved September 6 2019 permanent dead link Writer Aimsel PontiStaff July 22 2019 On the Cheap Salsa Dancing Festival of Nations and Stand By Me screening Press Herald Archived from the original on July 22 2019 Retrieved April 22 2020 WGME June 22 2018 Greek festival underway in Portland WGME Archived from the original on December 4 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 A complete guide to the best New England fall food festivals Boston com www boston com Archived from the original on February 8 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 Proud traditions to highlight the 94th annual St Peter s Italian Bazaar in Portland Bangor Daily News Retrieved April 22 2020 permanent dead link Atwell Tom July 11 2013 What Ales You Brewers Guild brings craft beer festival to Portland waterfront Press Herald Archived from the original on December 2 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 Kamila Avery Yale October 27 2019 Vegan Kitchen Some changes are afoot for this year s VegFest Press Herald Archived from the original on March 28 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 Writer Meredith GoadStaff February 5 2019 Taste of Nation dinner to fight childhood hunger returns to Portland Press Herald Archived from the original on December 2 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 Writer Ray RouthierStaff February 24 2020 Nibble and sip your way through Maine Restaurant Week Press Herald Archived from the original on March 2 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 Writer Meredith GoadStaff February 26 2020 The Wrap New restaurants in the works and a peek at Seaweed Week Press Herald Archived from the original on April 27 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 OUR HISTORY Tracing our roots back 247 years Portland Farmers Market Eschner Kat Why Was Maine the First State to Try Prohibition Smithsonian Magazine Archived from the original on March 27 2020 Retrieved March 27 2020 Kamila Avery Yale February 14 2021 A 19th century Portland newspaper an early advocate for a vegetarian diet Press Herald Archived from the original on April 10 2021 Retrieved March 20 2021 Maine Memory Network Exhibit Canning A Maine Industry www mainememory net Archived from the original on August 8 2020 Retrieved March 27 2020 Civil War Canning Pioneer Winslow s Cannery Union Army Contractors www mainelegacy com Archived from the original on March 3 2020 Retrieved March 27 2020 WABI News Desk August 31 2021 Iconic B amp M Baked Beans factory to be sold turned into Roux Institute campus WAGM Retrieved August 31 2022 Writer Ray RouthierStaff November 6 2022 B amp M fans say makers from away don t know beans Press Herald Retrieved November 6 2022 a b Landrigan Leslie October 7 2017 Little Italy in New England Some Lost Some Thriving New England Historical Society Retrieved November 6 2022 History Hoagie Sandwich History Submarine Sandwich History Po Boys Sandwich Poor Boy Sandwich History Dagwood Sandwich History Italian Sandwich Whatscookingamerica net Archived from the original on July 15 2013 Retrieved April 28 2013 Portland s Living Food History Archived December 18 2021 at the Wayback Machine Portland Food Map April 19 2010 Goad Meredith August 7 2018 Portland food scene s in the big time now with selection as Bon Appetit s Restaurant City of the Year Portland Press Herald Archived from the original on May 18 2020 Retrieved May 18 2020 The Great Lost Bear roars into its 5th decade Press Herald June 16 2019 Retrieved January 12 2024 Charles Eleanor June 12 1983 WHAT S DOING IN PORTLAND ME New York Times Portland s Gritty McDuff s celebrates 30 years of simple suds Press Herald July 16 2018 Retrieved January 12 2024 What the Toddler Hating Diner Owner Teaches Us About Parenting Time Retrieved October 27 2022 Brian Kevin June 8 2015 Maine s Best Restaurants for Vegetarians Travel Leisure Archived from the original on November 30 2020 Retrieved April 1 2020 Portland Maine granted USL League One franchise USL League One September 7 2023 Retrieved September 12 2023 Billings Randy September 3 2019 Fledgling Portland parks group outlines priorities begins raising money Press Herald Retrieved March 4 2023 Billings Randy July 6 2021 Portland Youth Corps gets to work Press Herald Retrieved March 4 2023 Pesticide bans raise question Can we manage garden pests without chemicals June 17 2018 Archived from the original on June 25 2018 Retrieved June 25 2018 Portland s tough new ban on synthetic pesticides allows few exceptions January 4 2018 Archived from the original on June 25 2018 Retrieved June 25 2018 Portland gets 10K donation to begin transition to organic management for parks newscentermaine com September 21 2020 Retrieved March 4 2023 SPLASH PADS City of Portland Retrieved March 4 2023 a b City of Portland Code of Ordinances Charter Rev 7 01 09 PDF Archived from the original PDF on May 27 2010 Retrieved September 10 2017 Ranked Choice Voting City of Albany CA Portland Maine Question 4 Proportional Ranked Choice Voting Amendment November 2022 Ballotpedia Retrieved November 17 2022 Portland Elected Mayor Measure Passes Retrieved September 10 2017 permanent dead link Mark Dion sworn in as the next mayor of Portland newscentermaine com December 4 2023 Retrieved December 11 2023 Copyrighted PDF Archived from the original PDF on May 27 2010 Retrieved September 10 2017 Koenig Seth November 6 2013 Portland police chief Maine attorney general say Portland pot legalization vote won t change enforcement strategies Bangor Daily News Archived from the original on June 5 2014 Retrieved June 1 2014 Elections Data and Information Archived from the original on October 1 2018 Retrieved October 1 2018 Portland ME Portland ME Archived from the original on March 30 2021 Retrieved April 6 2021 Registered amp enrolled voters statewide PDF October 21 2022 Retrieved December 3 2022 Fire Department Portland ME portlandmaine gov Archived from the original on September 10 2017 Retrieved September 10 2017 Portland ME portlandmaine gov Archived from the original on September 10 2017 Retrieved September 10 2017 Emergency Department MaineHealth www mainehealth org Retrieved February 3 2024 3 Archived December 23 2008 at the Wayback Machine Hannaford Center Safety Innovation amp Simulation simulation mmc org Archived from the original on July 17 2015 Retrieved February 19 2022 Bedford Street Sewer Separation Project Portland ME www portlandmaine gov Archived from the original on June 7 2019 Retrieved November 20 2019 METRO Bus Portland ME www portlandmaine gov Archived from the original on September 10 2017 Retrieved September 10 2017 RITA BTS Transtats Transtats bts gov Archived from the original on December 8 2014 Retrieved February 19 2022 Richardson Whit March 5 2013 Nova Scotia rejects both proposals to restart ferry service to Maine Bangor Daily News Archived from the original on January 13 2016 Retrieved September 16 2016 Fischell Darren October 29 2015 Province prefers past Cat ferry operator over Nova Star for 2016 Bangordailynews com Archived from the original on June 18 2016 Retrieved November 19 2015 Betts Stephen October 31 2015 Court orders seizure of Nova Star ferry Bangordailynews com Archived from the original on September 15 2016 Retrieved November 19 2015 Murphy Edward March 24 2016 New ferry expected to make Portland Yarmouth trip in 5 1 2 hours Portland Press Herald Archived from the original on March 29 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 Fischell Darren March 24 2016 Ferry operator lands ship signs 10 year Portland Nova Scotia deal Bangordailynews com Archived from the original on March 28 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 Portland s Sister Cities portlandmaine gov City of Portland Archived from the original on May 11 2021 Retrieved May 11 2021 Further reading editJohn F Bauman Gateway to Vacationland The Making of Portland Maine University of Massachusetts Press 2012 285 pages Explores the socio economic political and cultural history of Portland emphasizing the evolution of the city s built environment after the fire of 1866 Chen Xiangming ed Confronting Urban Legacy Rediscovering Hartford and New England s Forgotten Cities 2015 excerpt Michael C Connolly Seated by the Sea The Maritime History of Portland Maine and Its Irish Longshoremen University Press of Florida 2010 280 pages Focuses on the years 1880 to 1923 in a study of how an influx of Irish immigrant workers transformed the city s waterfront External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Portland Maine nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Portland Maine nbsp Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article about Portland Maine Official website Portland s Downtown District Greater Portland Casco Bay Convention and Visitors Bureau Old USGS maps of Portland Area 1876 Panoramic Birdseye View of Portland by Warner at LOC Guide to the Western Promenade Portland Maine Portlandlandmarks org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Portland Maine amp oldid 1204978436, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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