A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cultures, including most Western cultures.
The portico of the Croome Court in Croome D'Abitot (England)Temple diagram with location of the pronaos highlighted
Porticos are sometimes topped with pediments. Palladio was a pioneer of using temple-fronts for secular buildings. In the UK, the temple-front applied to The Vyne, Hampshire, was the first portico applied to an English country house.
A pronaos (UK: /proʊˈneɪ.ɒs/ or US: /proʊˈneɪ.əs/) is the inner area of the portico of a Greek or Roman temple, situated between the portico's colonnade or walls and the entrance to the cella, or shrine. Roman temples commonly had an open pronaos, usually with only columns and no walls, and the pronaos could be as long as the cella. The word pronaos (πρόναος) is Greek for "before a temple". In Latin, a pronaos is also referred to as an anticum or prodomus.
The tetrastyle has four columns; it was commonly employed by the Greeks and the Etruscans for small structures such as public buildings and amphiprostyles.
The North Portico of the White House is perhaps the most notable four-columned portico in the United States.
Hexastyleedit
Hexastyle buildings had six columns and were the standard façade in canonical Greek Doric architecture between the archaic period 600–550 BCE up to the Age of Pericles 450–430 BCE.
Some well-known examples of classical Doric hexastyle Greek temples:
The group at Paestum comprising the Temple of Hera (c. 550 BCE), the Temple of Apollo (c. 450 BCE), the first Temple of Athena ("Basilica") (c. 500 BCE) and the second Temple of Hera (460–440 BCE)
The Temple of Hephaestus below the Acropolis at Athens, long known as the "Theseum" (449–444 BCE), also one of the most intact Greek temples surviving from antiquity
Hexastyle was also applied to Ionic temples, such as the prostyle porch of the sanctuary of Athena on the Erechtheum, at the Acropolis of Athens.
Roman hexastyleedit
With the colonization by the Greeks of Southern Italy, hexastyle was adopted by the Etruscans and subsequently acquired by the ancient Romans. Roman taste favoured narrow pseudoperipteral and amphiprostyle buildings with tall columns, raised on podiums for the added pomp and grandeur conferred by considerable height. The Maison Carrée at Nîmes, France, is the best-preserved Roman hexastyle temple surviving from antiquity.
Octastyleedit
The western side of the octastyle Parthenon in Athens
Octastyle buildings had eight columns; they were considerably rarer than the hexastyle ones in the classical Greek architectural canon. The best-known octastyle buildings surviving from antiquity are the Parthenon in Athens, built during the Age of Pericles (450–430 BCE), and the Pantheon in Rome (125 CE). The destroyed Temple of Divus Augustus in Rome, the centre of the Augustan cult, is shown on Roman coins of the 2nd century CE as having been built in octastyle.
^Sturgis, Russell (1901). "Decastyle". A Dictionary of Architecture and Building: Biographical, Historical and Descriptive. Vol. 1. Macmillan. p. 755.
^Caird, Joe (16 January 2009). "Bologna city guide: top five sights". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
Stierlin, Henri (2004). Angelika Taschen (ed.). Greece: From Mycenae to the Parthenon. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN3-8228-1225-0.
Stierlin, Henri (2002). Silvia Kinkle (ed.). The Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN3-8228-1778-3.
External linksedit
Look up portico in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
February 15, 2024
portico, confused, with, porticus, portego, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, this, article, unsourced, material, challenged, remo. Not to be confused with Porticus or Portego For other uses see Portico disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this article Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Portico news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building or extended as a colonnade with a roof structure over a walkway supported by columns or enclosed by walls This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cultures including most Western cultures The portico of the Croome Court in Croome D Abitot England Temple diagram with location of the pronaos highlightedPorticos are sometimes topped with pediments Palladio was a pioneer of using temple fronts for secular buildings In the UK the temple front applied to The Vyne Hampshire was the first portico applied to an English country house A pronaos UK p r oʊ ˈ n eɪ ɒ s or US p r oʊ ˈ n eɪ e s is the inner area of the portico of a Greek or Roman temple situated between the portico s colonnade or walls and the entrance to the cella or shrine Roman temples commonly had an open pronaos usually with only columns and no walls and the pronaos could be as long as the cella The word pronaos pronaos is Greek for before a temple In Latin a pronaos is also referred to as an anticum or prodomus Contents 1 Types 1 1 Tetrastyle 1 2 Hexastyle 1 2 1 Greek hexastyle 1 2 2 Roman hexastyle 1 3 Octastyle 1 4 Decastyle 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 Citations 5 General and cited references 6 External linksTypes editThe different variants of porticos are named by the number of columns they have The style suffix comes from the Greek stῦlos column 1 Tetrastyle edit nbsp Temple of Portunus in Rome with its tetrastyle portico of four Ionic columnsThe tetrastyle has four columns it was commonly employed by the Greeks and the Etruscans for small structures such as public buildings and amphiprostyles The Romans favoured the four columned portico for their pseudoperipteral temples like the Temple of Portunus and for amphiprostyle temples such as the Temple of Venus and Roma and for the prostyle entrance porticos of large public buildings like the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine Roman provincial capitals also manifested tetrastyle construction such as the Capitoline Temple in Volubilis The North Portico of the White House is perhaps the most notable four columned portico in the United States Hexastyle edit Hexastyle buildings had six columns and were the standard facade in canonical Greek Doric architecture between the archaic period 600 550 BCE up to the Age of Pericles 450 430 BCE Greek hexastyle edit nbsp The hexastyle Temple of Concord at Agrigentum c 430 BCE Some well known examples of classical Doric hexastyle Greek temples The group at Paestum comprising the Temple of Hera c 550 BCE the Temple of Apollo c 450 BCE the first Temple of Athena Basilica c 500 BCE and the second Temple of Hera 460 440 BCE The Temple of Aphaea at Aegina c 495 BCE Temple E at Selinus 465 450 BCE dedicated to Hera The Temple of Zeus at Olympia now a ruin Temple F or the so called Temple of Concord at Agrigentum c 430 BCE one of the best preserved classical Greek temples retaining almost all of its peristyle and entablature The unfinished temple at Segesta c 430 BCE The Temple of Hephaestus below the Acropolis at Athens long known as the Theseum 449 444 BCE also one of the most intact Greek temples surviving from antiquity The Temple of Poseidon on Cape Sunium c 449 BCE 2 Hexastyle was also applied to Ionic temples such as the prostyle porch of the sanctuary of Athena on the Erechtheum at the Acropolis of Athens Roman hexastyle edit With the colonization by the Greeks of Southern Italy hexastyle was adopted by the Etruscans and subsequently acquired by the ancient Romans Roman taste favoured narrow pseudoperipteral and amphiprostyle buildings with tall columns raised on podiums for the added pomp and grandeur conferred by considerable height The Maison Carree at Nimes France is the best preserved Roman hexastyle temple surviving from antiquity Octastyle edit nbsp The western side of the octastyle Parthenon in AthensOctastyle buildings had eight columns they were considerably rarer than the hexastyle ones in the classical Greek architectural canon The best known octastyle buildings surviving from antiquity are the Parthenon in Athens built during the Age of Pericles 450 430 BCE and the Pantheon in Rome 125 CE The destroyed Temple of Divus Augustus in Rome the centre of the Augustan cult is shown on Roman coins of the 2nd century CE as having been built in octastyle Decastyle edit The decastyle has ten columns as in the temple of Apollo Didymaeus at Miletus and the portico of University College London 1 The only known Roman decastyle portico is on the Temple of Venus and Roma built by Hadrian in about 130 CE 3 Gallery editShort visual history of porticos nbsp Ancient Egyptian portico of the Mastaba of Seshemnefer IV Giza pyramid complex Egypt nbsp Minoan portico of the Knossos Palace Crete Greece nbsp Ancient Greek portico with Ionic columns of the Temple of Athena Nike Athens Greece nbsp Etruscan portico of a temple model now in National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia Rome nbsp Ancient Roman portico of the Maison Carree Nimes France nbsp Islamic portico of the Great Mosque of Kairouan Kairouan Tunisia nbsp Indian portico of the Sanchi Temple 17 Sanchi India nbsp Chinese portico of the Forbidden City Beijing China nbsp Romanesque portico of the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos Santo Domingo de Silos Spain nbsp Gothic portico of the Chartres Cathedral Chartres France nbsp Brancovenesc portico of the Stavropoleos Church Bucharest Romania nbsp Renaissance portico of the Villa Capra La Rotonda Vicenza Veneto Italy nbsp Baroque porticos of the Louvre Colonnade Paris nbsp Louis XVI portico of the Theatre de la reine part of the Petit Trianon France nbsp Neoclassical portico of the Palais de la Legion d Honneur Paris nbsp Romanian Revival portico of the Ștefan Lilovici House Bucharest nbsp The Portico of San Luca in Bologna Italy which is possibly the world s longest 4 See also editClassical architecture Architectural style inspired by classical Greco Roman architectural principles Cloister Open space surrounded by covered walks or open galleries Gatehouse Entry control building Gate tower Fortified tower at a major gateway Hypostyle Hall with a roof supported by columns Loggia Covered exterior gallery one side open Outline of classical architecture Overview of and topical guide to classical architecture Portal architecture Access opening in a wall of a structure Porte cochere Roofed shelter outside a doorway Stoa Covered walkway in ancient Greece Veranda Roofed open air hallway or porchCitations edit a b Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Decastyle Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 7 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 910 W Burkert Greek Religion 1987 Sturgis Russell 1901 Decastyle A Dictionary of Architecture and Building Biographical Historical and Descriptive Vol 1 Macmillan p 755 Caird Joe 16 January 2009 Bologna city guide top five sights The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 2022 01 12 Retrieved 1 June 2013 General and cited references edit Greek architecture Encyclopaedia Britannica 1968 Stierlin Henri 2004 Angelika Taschen ed Greece From Mycenae to the Parthenon Cologne Taschen ISBN 3 8228 1225 0 Stierlin Henri 2002 Silvia Kinkle ed The Roman Empire From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire Cologne Taschen ISBN 3 8228 1778 3 External links edit nbsp Look up portico in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Portico amp oldid 1190984291, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
