Wikipedia
List of new religious movements
A new religious movement (NRM) is a religious, ethical, or spiritual group or community with practices of relatively modern origins. NRMs may be novel in origin or they may exist on the fringes of a wider religion, in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations. Academics identify a variety of characteristics which they employ in categorizing groups as new religious movements. The term is broad and inclusive, rather than sharply defined. New religious movements are generally seen as syncretic, employing human and material assets to disseminate their ideas and worldviews, deviating in some degree from a society's traditional forms or doctrines, focused especially upon the self, and having a peripheral relationship that exists in a state of tension with established societal conventions.[1]: 29 [2][3]
A NRM may be one of a wide range of movements ranging from those with loose affiliations based on novel approaches to spirituality or religion to communitarian enterprises that demand a considerable amount of group conformity and a social identity that separates their adherents from mainstream society. Use of the term NRM is not universally accepted among the groups to which it is applied.[4] Scholars have estimated that NRMs now number in the tens of thousands worldwide, with most in Asia and Africa. Most have only a few members, some have thousands, and very few have more than a million.[5]: 17 Academics occasionally propose amendments to technical definitions and continue to add new groups.[1]: vii–xv
List
See also
- Governmental lists of cults and sects
- Hinduism-oriented new religious movements
- List of Christian denominations
- List of New Thought denominations and independent centers
- List of Neopagan movements
- List of religions and spiritual traditions
- List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement
- New religious movements in the United States
Main sources
- [Beit-Hallahmi 1992] Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (28 December 1992). Rosen, Roger (ed.). The illustrated encyclopedia of active new religions, sects, and cults (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. ISBN 9780823915057.
- [Beit-Hallahmi 1997] Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1997). The illustrated encyclopedia of active new religions, sects, and cults (Rev. ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. ISBN 9780823925865.
- [Chryssides 2001] Chryssides, George D. (2001). Historical dictionary of new religious movements. Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810840959.
- [Chryssides 2006] Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of new religious movements (Rev. pbk. ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810855885.
- [Clarke 2006] Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415267076.
- [Jones & Ryan 2007] Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 9780816054589. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
- [Lewis 1998] Lewis, James R. (1998). The encyclopedia of cults, sects, and new religions. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 9781573922227.
- [Melton 2003] Melton, J. Gordon (2003) [1978]. Encyclopedia of American religions (7th ed.). Farmington Hills, Mi: Gale Group. ISBN 9780787663841.
- [Miller 1995] Miller, Timothy, ed. (1995). America's Alternative Religions. Albany: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2397-4. from the original on 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006] Nichols, Larry A.; Mather, George; Schmidt, Alvin J. (13 August 2006). Dictionary of cults, sects, and world religions (Rev. and updated ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-23954-3.
Selected sources
- Ashcraft, W. Michael (2018). Introduction to the Study of New Religious Movements. London: Routledge.
- Bainbridge, William Sims (1997). The sociology of religious movements. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91202-0.
- Barrett, David V. (2001). The new believers: a survey of sects, cults and alternative religions (Rev. ed.). London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-35592-1.
- Best, Felton O., ed. (1998). Black Religious Leadership from the Slave Community to the Million Man March; flames of fire. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.
- Burgess, Stanley M.; van der Maas, Eduard M., eds. (2002). The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. ISBN 0-310-22481-0.
- Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2000). Japanese New Religions: In Global Perspective. Surrey, UK: Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1185-6.
- Dawson, Andrew (2007). New Era, New Religions: Religious Transformation in Contemporary Brazil. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5433-9.
- Dawson, Lorne L. (2006). Comprehending Cults: The Sociology of New Religious Movements. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-542009-8.
- Ellwood, Robert S. (1971). "Notes on a Neopagan Religious Group in America". History of Religions. XI (1): 125. doi:10.1086/462645. S2CID 162222699.
- Enroth, Ronald M. (2005). A Guide To New Religious Movements. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-2381-9.
- Fort, Samuel (2014). Cult of the Great Eleven. Nisirtu Press. ASIN B00OALI9O4.
- Gallagher, Eugene V. (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-275-98713-8.
- Gold, Lorna (2004). The Sharing Economy: Solidarity Networks Transforming Globalization. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-3345-7.
- Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2002). Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-3155-0.
- Greer, John Michael (8 October 2003). The new encyclopedia of the occult. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 978-1-56718-336-8.
- Hanegraaff, Wouter (2013). Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-4411-3646-6.
- Hayes, Michael A. (2006). New Religious Movements in the Catholic Church. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-9357-6.
- Irons, Edward A. (2008). Encyclopedia of Buddhism (Encyclopedia of World Religions). New York: Checkmark Books. ISBN 978-0-8160-7744-1.
- Jones, Lindsay, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 15-volume Set (2nd ed.). Detroit, Mi: MacMillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-865733-0.
- Klass, Morton; Weisgrau, Maxine K. (1999). Across the Boundaries of Belief: Contemporary Issues in the Anthropology of Religion. Boulder, Colorado and Oxford, U.K.: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-2695-5.
- Krogh, Marilyn; Pillifant, Brooke Ashley (2004). "Kemetic Orthodoxy: Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Internet: A Research Note". Sociology of Religion. 65 (2): 167–175. doi:10.2307/3712405. JSTOR 3712405.
- . Lausanne Occasional Paper. 11 (1.e). 1980. Archived from the original on 2010-02-11. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
- Lewis, James R. (2002). Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Amherst, NY: Prometheus. ISBN 9781573928885.
- Lewis, James R. (2003). The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-964-6.
- Lewis, James R., ed. (2004). The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of New Age Religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-040-0.
- Lewis, James R., ed. (2004). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514986-6.
- Lewis, James R.; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard, eds. (2004). Controversial New Religions. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/019515682X.003.0018. ISBN 978-0-19-515682-9.
- Lewis, James R.; Tøllefsen, Inga Bårdsen, eds. (2015). Handbook of Nordic New Religions. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9004292468.
- Lewis, James R.; Tøllefsen, Inga Bårdsen, eds. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford Handbooks. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-046617-6.
- Lyon, David (2000). Jesus in Disneyland: Religion in Postmodern Times. Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-1489-2.
- Marhic, Renaud; Kerlidou, Alain (1996). Sectes & mouvements initiatiques en Bretagne: du celtisme au nouvel âge. Terre de brume editions. ISBN 978-2-908021-78-3.
- Mayer, Jean-François; Kranenborg, Reender (2004). La naissance des nouvelles religions (in French). Genève: Georg. ISBN 978-2-8257-0877-4. from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-12-26.
- Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (1990). New Age Encyclopedia. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Research. ISBN 0-8103-7159-6.
- Melton, J. Gordon (2009) [1978]. Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions (8th ed.). Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-7876-9696-2.
- Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin, eds. (2010). Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices. Vol. 6-volume Set (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara; Denver; Oxford: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6. from the original on 2016-05-30. Retrieved 2020-11-01.
- Nelson, Geoffrey K. (1987). Cults, New Religions and Religious Creativity. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0-7102-0855-2.
- Partridge, Christopher (2004). New Religions: A Guide: New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-522042-1.
- Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2003). UFO Religions. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26324-5.
- Peters, Shawn Francis (2008). When Prayer Fails: Faith Healing, Children, and the Law. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530635-4.
- Ramstedt, Martin (2007). Kemp, Daren; Lewis, James R. (eds.). Handbook of the New Age. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15355-4.
- Raphael, Melissa (April 1998). "Goddess Religion, Postmodern Jewish Feminism, and the Complexity of Alternative Religious Identities". Nova Religio. 1 (2): 198–215. doi:10.1525/nr.1998.1.2.198.
- Reece, Gregory L. (2007). UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-451-0.
- Ryan, Charles J. (1975). H.P. Blavatsky and the Theosophical Movement. San Diego, CA: Point Loma Publications. ISBN 0-913004-25-1.
- Saliba, John (2003). Understanding New Religious Movements. AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0356-6.
- Singer, Margaret Thaler; Lalich, Janja (1995). Cults in Our Midst. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 978-0-7879-0051-9.
- Smith, Christian; Joshua Prokopy (1999). Latin American Religion in Motion. New York, New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-92106-0.
- Strmiska, M.; Sigurvinsson, B. A. (2005). "Asatru: Nordic Paganism in Iceland and America". In Strmiska, M. (ed.). Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives. Santa Barbara; Denver; Oxford: ABC CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-608-4.
- Swenson, Donald (2009). Society, Spirituality, and the Sacred: A Social Scientific Introduction. North York, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-9680-7.
- Tamura, Yoshiro (2001). Japanese Buddhism: A Cultural History. Kosei Publishing Company. ISBN 978-4-333-01684-6.
- Tucker, Ruth A. (2004). Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-25937-4.
- York, Michael (2004). Historical Dictionary of New Age Movements. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow. ISBN 978-0-8108-4873-3.
- Daniels, Lee (2021). Book of Weksek: The book of the religion of Weksek. Lulu. ISBN 978-1716058387.[self-published source?]
External links
- The on-disk journal of international Religious Studies
- Hartford Institute of Religious Research: New religious movements
- Introvigne, Massimo (June 15, 2001). "The Future of Religion and the Future of New Religions". Retrieved 2006-12-13.
- Online texts about NRMs
- SSSR Resolution on New Religious Groups
- Hadden, Jeffrey K. and Douglas Cowan The New Religious Movements Homepage @The University of Virginia
References
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- ^ Nelson 1987, p. 107.
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- ^ Hakl, Hans Thomas (2010). "Franz Sättler (Dr. Musallam) and the Twentieth-Century Cult of Adonism". The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies. 12 (1–19): 4–19. doi:10.1558/pome.v12i1.4. ISSN 1528-0268.
- ^ Chryssides, George D. (15 November 2001). Historical dictionary of new religious movements. Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4095-9.
- ^ Omoyajowo 1995, pp. xv, 113.
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- ^ See:
* Ramstedt 2007, p. 6. "How can one find a definition of 'New Age' that will serve to bring so many different features together? One major difficulty in defining 'New Age' is that different writers draw different boundaries. Paul Heelas, for example, includes a significant number of what he calls the 'self religions': groups like Landmark Forum (also known simply as The Forum, formerly est or Erhard Seminar Training) and Programmes Limited (formerly Exegesis). Some writers trace the New Age back to William Blake (1757–1827); others see it as originating in the 'hippie' counter-culture in the USA in the 1960s, while the scholar of the New Age, Wouter Hanegraaff, places it later still, regarding it as beginning in the second half of the 1970s." - ^ Aupers, Stef (2005). "'We Are All Gods': New Age in the Netherlands 1960–2000". In Sengers, Erik (ed.). The Dutch and Their Gods: Secularization and Transformation of Religion in the Netherlands. Studies in Dutch Religious History. Vol. 3. Hilversum: Verloren. ISBN 978-90-6550-867-6.
- ^ See:
* Lewis 2004, p. 187. "These two opposing strategies of new religious movements for delivering compensators I will term 'compensation delivery systems' (CDS). The gradual CDS can best be described as religion as a multi-level marketing (MLM) tactic – a term I take from the business world [...] Exemplars of new religious movements with a gradual CDS are Scientology and Erhard Seminar Training in its various manifestations."
* Saliba 2003, p. 88. "Many of the new religions attract individuals by the promise of peace of mind, spiritual well-being, gratifying experiences, and material success. In so doing they stress their concern for the individual and highlight one's personal worth and self-development. This is especially so in human growth movements such as Scientology, The Forum (previously known as Erhard Seminar Training [EST]), and qualsi-religious encounter groups." - ^ Clarke, Peter; Sutherland, Stewart, eds. (31 December 1991). The study of religion, traditional and new religions (Reprint ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-06432-3.
- ^ See"
* Nelson 1987, p. 177. "Finally his study of EST (Erhard Systems Training) provides an insight into the work of the human potential movement which aims at self realisation."
* Puttick 2004, p. 406. "est was one of the most successful manifestations of the human potential movement (HPM) ..." - ^ "Tropical Promised Land: New Israelites of the Amazon". Haaretz. from the original on 2021-02-11. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
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