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Reiki

November 30, 2023

This article is about the Japanese pseudoscientific healing practice. For the era, see Reiki (era).

Reiki (/ˈreɪki/ RAY-kee; Japanese: 霊気) is a Japanese form of energy healing, a type of alternative medicine. Reiki practitioners use a technique called palm healing or hands-on healing through which, according to practitioners, a "universal energy" is transferred through the palms of the practitioner to the patient, to encourage emotional or physical healing.

Reiki
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese靈氣
Simplified Chinese灵气
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinlíngqì
Wade–Gilesling2-ch'i4
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingling4-hei3
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabetlinh khí
Korean name
Hangul영기
Hanja靈氣
Transcriptions
Revised Romanizationyeonggi
McCune–Reischaueryŏngki
Japanese name
Hiraganaれいき
Kyūjitai靈氣
Shinjitai霊気
Transcriptions
Revised HepburnReiki
A Reiki treatment in progress

Reiki is a pseudoscience,[1] and is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles. It is based on qi ("chi"), which practitioners say is a universal life force, although there is no empirical evidence that such a life force exists.[2][3]

Clinical research does not show reiki to be effective as a treatment for any medical condition, including cancer,[4][5] diabetic neuropathy,[6] anxiety or depression;[7] therefore it should not replace conventional medical treatment. There is no proof of the effectiveness of reiki therapy compared to placebo. Studies reporting positive effects have had methodological flaws.[2]

Etymology

 
Mikao Usui (1865–1926)
 
Chujiro Hayashi (1880–1940)

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the English alternative medicine word reiki comes from Japanese reiki (霊気) "mysterious atmosphere, miraculous sign", combining rei "soul, spirit" and ki "vital energy"—the Sino-Japanese reading of Chinese língqì (靈氣) "numinous atmosphere".[8]

Origins

According to the inscription on his memorial stone, Mikao Usui taught his system of reiki to more than 2,000 people during his lifetime. While teaching reiki in Fukuyama, Usui suffered a stroke and died on 9 March 1926.[9][better source needed]

The first reiki clinic in the United States was started in 1970 by Hawayo Takata, a student of Chujiro Hayashi (who was a disciple of Mikao Usui).[10]

Research and critical evaluation

Basis

Main article: Vitalism

Reiki's teachings and adherents claim that qi is physiological and can be manipulated to treat a disease or condition. The existence of qi has not been established by medical research.[2] Therefore, reiki is a pseudoscientific theory based on metaphysical concepts.[1]

The existence of the proposed mechanism for reiki—qi or "life force" energy—has not been scientifically established.[2] Most research on reiki is poorly designed and prone to bias. There is no reliable empirical evidence that reiki is helpful for treating any medical condition,[2][4][5] although some physicians have said it might help promote general well-being.[5] In 2011, William T. Jarvis of The National Council Against Health Fraud stated that there "is no evidence that clinical reiki's effects are due to anything other than suggestion" or the placebo effect.[11]

The 22 April 2014 Skeptoid podcast episode titled "Your Body's Alleged Energy Fields" relates a reiki practitioner's report of what was happening as she passed her hands over a subject's body:

What we'll be looking for here, within John's auric field, is any areas of intense heat, unusual coldness, a repelling energy, a dense energy, a magnetizing energy, tingling sensations, or actually the body attracting the hands into that area where it needs the reiki energy, and balancing of John's qi.[12]

Evaluating these claims scientific skeptic author Brian Dunning reported:

... his aura, his qi, his reiki energy. None of these have any counterpart in the physical world. Although she attempted to describe their properties as heat or magnetism, those properties are already taken by—well, heat and magnetism. There are no properties attributable to the mysterious field she describes, thus it cannot be authoritatively said to exist."[12]

Scholarly evaluation

Reiki is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles.[1][13][14][15]

In criticizing the State University of New York for offering a continuing education course on reiki, one source stated, "reiki postulates the existence of a universal energy unknown to science and thus far undetectable surrounding the human body, which practitioners can learn to manipulate using their hands,"[16] and others said, "In spite of its [reiki's] diffusion, the baseline mechanism of action has not been demonstrated ..."[17] and, "Neither the forces involved nor the alleged therapeutic benefits have been demonstrated by scientific testing."[18]

Several authors have pointed to the vitalistic energy which reiki is claimed to treat,[19][20][21] with one saying, "Ironically, the only thing that distinguishes reiki from therapeutic touch is that it [reiki] involves actual touch,"[21] and others stating that the International Center for Reiki Training "mimic[s] the institutional aspects of science" seeking legitimacy but holds no more promise than an alchemy society.[22]

A guideline published by the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation states, "Reiki therapy should probably not be considered for the treatment of PDN [painful diabetic neuropathy]."[6] Canadian sociologist Susan J. Palmer has listed reiki as among the pseudoscientific healing methods used by cults in France to attract members.[23]

Evidence quality

A 2008 systematic review of nine randomized clinical trials found several shortcomings in the literature on reiki.[24] Depending on the tools used to measure depression and anxiety, the results varied and were not reliable or valid. Furthermore, the scientific community has been unable to replicate the findings of studies that support reiki. The review also found issues in reporting methodology in some of the literature, in that often there were parts omitted completely or not clearly described.[24] Frequently in these studies, sample sizes were not calculated and adequate allocation and double-blind procedures were not followed. The review also reported that such studies exaggerated the effectiveness of treatment and there was no control for differences in experience of reiki practitioners or even the same practitioner at times produced different outcomes. None of the studies in the review provided a rationale for the treatment duration and no study reported adverse effects.[24]

Safety

See also: Alternative medicine § Safety

Safety concerns for reiki sessions are very low and are akin to those of many complementary and alternative medicine practices. Some physicians and health care providers, however, believe that patients may unadvisedly substitute proven treatments for life-threatening conditions with unproven alternative modalities including reiki, thus endangering their health.[25][26]

Catholic Church concerns

In March 2009, the Committee on Doctrine of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops issued the document Guidelines for Evaluating Reiki as an Alternative Therapy, in which they declared that the practice of reiki was based on superstition, being neither truly faith healing nor science-based medicine.[27] They stated that reiki was incompatible with Christian spirituality since it involved belief in a human power over healing rather than prayer to God,[28] and that, viewed as a natural means of healing, it lacked scientific credibility.[29] The 2009 guideline concluded that "since reiki therapy is not compatible with either Christian teaching or scientific evidence, it would be inappropriate for Catholic institutions, such as Catholic health care facilities and retreat centers, or persons representing the Church, such as Catholic chaplains, to promote or to provide support for reiki therapy."[27] Since this announcement, some Catholic lay people have continued to practice reiki, but it has been removed from many Catholic hospitals and other institutions.[30]

In a December 2014 article from the USCCB's Committee on Divine Worship on exorcism and its use in the Church, reiki is listed as a practice "that may have [negatively] impacted the current state of the afflicted person".[31]

Training, certification and adoption

There is no central authority controlling use of the words reiki or reiki master.[32] Certificates can be purchased online for under $100.[33] It is "not uncommon" for a course to offer attainment of reiki master in two weekends.[34] There is no regulation of practitioners or reiki master in the United States.[35]

The Washington Post reported in 2014 that in response to customer demand at least 60 hospitals in the United States offered reiki, at a cost of between $40 and $300 per session.[36] Cancer Research UK reported in 2019 that some cancer centers and hospices in the UK offer free or low-cost reiki for people with cancer.[5] The cost per session for treatment vary widely, but a CNBC report found a practitioner charging $229 per session of 60–90 minutes.[37]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Semple, D.; Smyth, R. (2013). "Ch. 1: Psychomythology". Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780199693887.
  2. ^ a b c d e Lee, MS; Pittler, MH; Ernst, E (2008). "Effects of reiki in clinical practice: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials". International Journal of Clinical Practice (Systematic Review). 62 (6): 947–54. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01729.x. PMID 18410352. S2CID 25832830. Most trials suffered from methodological flaws such as small sample size, inadequate study design and poor reporting....In conclusion, the evidence is insufficient to suggest that reiki is an effective treatment for any condition. Therefore the value of reiki remains unproven.
  3. ^ Bellamy, Jann (12 June 2014). "Reiki: Fraudulent Misrepresentation". Science-Based Medicine. from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  4. ^ a b Russell J; Rovere A, eds. (2009). "Reiki". American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies (2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. pp. 243–45. ISBN 9780944235713.
  5. ^ a b c d "Reiki | Complementary and alternative therapy | Cancer Research UK". about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org. from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  6. ^ a b Bril, V; England, J; Franklin, GM; Backonja, M; et al. (2011). "Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: Report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation" (PDF). Neurology. 76 (20): 1758–65. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182166ebe. PMC 3100130. PMID 21482920. (PDF) from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  7. ^ Joyce, Janine; Herbison, G Peter (3 April 2015). "Reiki for depression and anxiety". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD006833. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006833.pub2. eISSN 1465-1858. PMID 25835541.
  8. ^ "Reiki". Oxford English Dictionary (OED). 2003.
  9. ^ Inscription on Usui's memorial
  10. ^ Joyce, Janine (3 April 2015). "Reiki for depression and anxiety". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD006833. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006833.pub2. PMID 25835541. from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  11. ^ Jarvis, William T. "Reiki". National Council Against Health Fraud. from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  12. ^ a b Dunning, Brian. "Skeptoid #411: Your Body's Alleged Energy Fields". Skeptoid. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  13. ^ Donlan, Joseph E. (2009). Ordaining Reality in Brief: The Shortcut to Your Future. Universal Publishers. pp. 63–. ISBN 9781599428925.
  14. ^ Lobato, E; Mendoza, J; Sims, V; Chin, M (2014). "Examining the relationship between conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscience acceptance among a university population". Applied Cognitive Psychology. 28 (5): 617–25. doi:10.1002/acp.3042.
  15. ^ Gorski, DH; Novella, SP (2014). "Clinical trials of integrative medicine: Testing whether magic works?". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 20 (9): 473–76. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.06.007. PMID 25150944.
  16. ^ Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Lynn, Steven Jay; Lohr, Jeffrey M. (2014). Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology. Guilford Press. pp. 202–. ISBN 9781462517893.
  17. ^ Ferraresi, M; Clari, R; Moro, I; Banino, E; et al. (2013). "Reiki and related therapies in the dialysis ward: An evidence-based and ethical discussion to debate if these complementary and alternative medicines are welcomed or banned". BMC Nephrology. 14 (1): 129–. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-14-129. PMC 3694469. PMID 23799960.
  18. ^ Reiboldt, Wendy (2013). Consumer Survival: An Encyclopedia of Consumer Rights, Safety, and Protection. ABC-CLIO. p. 765. ISBN 9781598849370.
  19. ^ Canter, Peter H. (2013). "Vitalism and Other Pseudoscience in Alternative Medicine: The Retreat from Science". In Ernst, Edzard (ed.). Healing, Hype or Harm?: A Critical Analysis of Complementary or Alternative Medicine. Andrews UK Limited. pp. 116–. ISBN 9781845407117.
  20. ^ Smith, Jonathan C. (2011). Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal: A Critical Thinker's Toolkit. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 251–. ISBN 9781444358940.
  21. ^ a b Sarner, Larry (2002). "Therapeutic Touch". In Shermer, Michael (ed.). The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. ABC-CLIO. pp. 252–. ISBN 9781576076538.
  22. ^ Pigliucci, Massimo; Boudry, Maarten (2013). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago Press. pp. 178–. ISBN 9780226051826.
  23. ^ Palmer, Susan (2011). The New Heretics of France: Minority Religions, la Republique, and the Government-Sponsored "War on Sects". Oxford University Press. pp. 129–. ISBN 9780199875993.
  24. ^ a b c Lee, M.; Pittler, M.; Ernst, E. (2008). "Effects of reiki in clinical practice: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 62 (6): 947–54. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01729.x. PMID 18410352. S2CID 25832830.
  25. ^ "Reiki: Holistic Therapy Treatment Information". Disabled world.com. January 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  26. ^ Ventola, C. L. (2010). "Current Issues Regarding Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in the United States". P & T: A Peer-Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management. 35 (9): 514–522. PMC 2957745. PMID 20975811.
  27. ^ a b Committee on Doctrine United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (25 March 2010). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2015.
  28. ^ Kosloski, Phillip (23 October 2018). "The spiritual dangers behind Reiki healing services". Aletia. Média-Participations Group and WordPress. Foundation for Evangelization through the Media. from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  29. ^ Fernandes, Earl. "WHAT DOES THE CHURCH TEACH ABOUT REIKI?". The Catholic Telegraph. Archdiocese of Cincinnati. from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
  30. ^ Lawton, Kim (12 February 2010). "Reiki and the Catholic Church". PBS. from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  31. ^ USCCB Committee on Divine Worship and the Secretariat of Divine Worship (December 2014). "29 Questions on Exorcism and Its Use in the Church, Part Two". Committee on Divine Worship Newsletter. No. Volume L. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
  32. ^ Elaine Stillerman (2014), Modalities for Massage and Bodywork, Elsevier Health Sciences, p. 295, ISBN 9780323260794, Currently there is no standard for certification in Reiki throughout the world.
  33. ^ Diane Stein (2011), Essential Reiki Teaching Manual: A Companion Guide for Reiki Healers, Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony, pp. 7–8, ISBN 9780307783806
  34. ^ Penelope Quest; Kathy Roberts (2012), "Reiki Training Levels", Reiki Collection, Penguin, ISBN 9781101576205
  35. ^ Nina L. Paul (2011), "Reiki classes and certification", Reiki for Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9781118054741
  36. ^ Sacks B (16 May 2014). "Reiki goes mainstream: Spiritual touch practice now commonplace in hospitals". The Washington Post. from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  37. ^ Here’s the budget breakdown of a 37-year-old ex-CIA analyst turned energy healer who makes $108,000 a year 2021-04-19 at the Wayback Machine, CNBC, Emmie Martin, 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

Bibliography

  • Usui, Mikao; et al. (2000). The Original Reiki Handbook of Dr. Mikao Usui: The Traditional Usui Reiki Ryoho Treatment Positions and Numerous Reiki Techniques for Health and Well-being. Lotus Press. ISBN 978-0-914955-57-3.

External links

 
Look up Reiki in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reiki.
  • National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (4 May 2010). "Reiki: An Introduction (NCCAM Backgrounder)". Retrieved 5 May 2010. Government agency dedicated to exploring complementary and alternative healing practices in the context of rigorous science, training complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) researchers, and disseminating authoritative information to the public and professionals
  • Stephen Barrett (4 August 2009). "Reiki Is Nonsense". Retrieved 5 May 2010. Quackwatch article by Stephen Barrett

November 30, 2023
reiki, this, article, about, japanese, pseudoscientific, healing, practice, japanese, 霊気, japanese, form, energy, healing, type, alternative, medicine, practitioners, technique, called, palm, healing, hands, healing, through, which, according, practitioners, u. This article is about the Japanese pseudoscientific healing practice For the era see Reiki era Reiki ˈ r eɪ k i RAY kee Japanese 霊気 is a Japanese form of energy healing a type of alternative medicine Reiki practitioners use a technique called palm healing or hands on healing through which according to practitioners a universal energy is transferred through the palms of the practitioner to the patient to encourage emotional or physical healing ReikiChinese nameTraditional Chinese靈氣Simplified Chinese灵气TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinlingqiWade Gilesling2 ch i4Yue CantoneseJyutpingling4 hei3Vietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetlinh khiKorean nameHangul영기Hanja靈氣TranscriptionsRevised RomanizationyeonggiMcCune ReischaueryŏngkiJapanese nameHiraganaれいきKyujitai靈氣Shinjitai霊気TranscriptionsRevised HepburnReikiA Reiki treatment in progressReiki is a pseudoscience 1 and is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles It is based on qi chi which practitioners say is a universal life force although there is no empirical evidence that such a life force exists 2 3 Clinical research does not show reiki to be effective as a treatment for any medical condition including cancer 4 5 diabetic neuropathy 6 anxiety or depression 7 therefore it should not replace conventional medical treatment There is no proof of the effectiveness of reiki therapy compared to placebo Studies reporting positive effects have had methodological flaws 2 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Origins 3 Research and critical evaluation 3 1 Basis 3 2 Scholarly evaluation 3 3 Evidence quality 3 4 Safety 3 5 Catholic Church concerns 3 6 Training certification and adoption 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksEtymology nbsp Mikao Usui 1865 1926 nbsp Chujiro Hayashi 1880 1940 According to the Oxford English Dictionary the English alternative medicine word reiki comes from Japanese reiki 霊気 mysterious atmosphere miraculous sign combining rei soul spirit and ki vital energy the Sino Japanese reading of Chinese lingqi 靈氣 numinous atmosphere 8 OriginsThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it May 2019 According to the inscription on his memorial stone Mikao Usui taught his system of reiki to more than 2 000 people during his lifetime While teaching reiki in Fukuyama Usui suffered a stroke and died on 9 March 1926 9 better source needed The first reiki clinic in the United States was started in 1970 by Hawayo Takata a student of Chujiro Hayashi who was a disciple of Mikao Usui 10 Research and critical evaluationBasis Main article Vitalism Reiki s teachings and adherents claim that qi is physiological and can be manipulated to treat a disease or condition The existence of qi has not been established by medical research 2 Therefore reiki is a pseudoscientific theory based on metaphysical concepts 1 The existence of the proposed mechanism for reiki qi or life force energy has not been scientifically established 2 Most research on reiki is poorly designed and prone to bias There is no reliable empirical evidence that reiki is helpful for treating any medical condition 2 4 5 although some physicians have said it might help promote general well being 5 In 2011 William T Jarvis of The National Council Against Health Fraud stated that there is no evidence that clinical reiki s effects are due to anything other than suggestion or the placebo effect 11 The 22 April 2014 Skeptoid podcast episode titled Your Body s Alleged Energy Fields relates a reiki practitioner s report of what was happening as she passed her hands over a subject s body What we ll be looking for here within John s auric field is any areas of intense heat unusual coldness a repelling energy a dense energy a magnetizing energy tingling sensations or actually the body attracting the hands into that area where it needs the reiki energy and balancing of John s qi 12 Evaluating these claims scientific skeptic author Brian Dunning reported his aura his qi his reiki energy None of these have any counterpart in the physical world Although she attempted to describe their properties as heat or magnetism those properties are already taken by well heat and magnetism There are no properties attributable to the mysterious field she describes thus it cannot be authoritatively said to exist 12 Scholarly evaluation Reiki is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles 1 13 14 15 In criticizing the State University of New York for offering a continuing education course on reiki one source stated reiki postulates the existence of a universal energy unknown to science and thus far undetectable surrounding the human body which practitioners can learn to manipulate using their hands 16 and others said In spite of its reiki s diffusion the baseline mechanism of action has not been demonstrated 17 and Neither the forces involved nor the alleged therapeutic benefits have been demonstrated by scientific testing 18 Several authors have pointed to the vitalistic energy which reiki is claimed to treat 19 20 21 with one saying Ironically the only thing that distinguishes reiki from therapeutic touch is that it reiki involves actual touch 21 and others stating that the International Center for Reiki Training mimic s the institutional aspects of science seeking legitimacy but holds no more promise than an alchemy society 22 A guideline published by the American Academy of Neurology the American Association of Neuromuscular amp Electrodiagnostic Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation states Reiki therapy should probably not be considered for the treatment of PDN painful diabetic neuropathy 6 Canadian sociologist Susan J Palmer has listed reiki as among the pseudoscientific healing methods used by cults in France to attract members 23 Evidence quality A 2008 systematic review of nine randomized clinical trials found several shortcomings in the literature on reiki 24 Depending on the tools used to measure depression and anxiety the results varied and were not reliable or valid Furthermore the scientific community has been unable to replicate the findings of studies that support reiki The review also found issues in reporting methodology in some of the literature in that often there were parts omitted completely or not clearly described 24 Frequently in these studies sample sizes were not calculated and adequate allocation and double blind procedures were not followed The review also reported that such studies exaggerated the effectiveness of treatment and there was no control for differences in experience of reiki practitioners or even the same practitioner at times produced different outcomes None of the studies in the review provided a rationale for the treatment duration and no study reported adverse effects 24 Safety See also Alternative medicine Safety Safety concerns for reiki sessions are very low and are akin to those of many complementary and alternative medicine practices Some physicians and health care providers however believe that patients may unadvisedly substitute proven treatments for life threatening conditions with unproven alternative modalities including reiki thus endangering their health 25 26 Catholic Church concerns In March 2009 the Committee on Doctrine of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops issued the document Guidelines for Evaluating Reiki as an Alternative Therapy in which they declared that the practice of reiki was based on superstition being neither truly faith healing nor science based medicine 27 They stated that reiki was incompatible with Christian spirituality since it involved belief in a human power over healing rather than prayer to God 28 and that viewed as a natural means of healing it lacked scientific credibility 29 The 2009 guideline concluded that since reiki therapy is not compatible with either Christian teaching or scientific evidence it would be inappropriate for Catholic institutions such as Catholic health care facilities and retreat centers or persons representing the Church such as Catholic chaplains to promote or to provide support for reiki therapy 27 Since this announcement some Catholic lay people have continued to practice reiki but it has been removed from many Catholic hospitals and other institutions 30 In a December 2014 article from the USCCB s Committee on Divine Worship on exorcism and its use in the Church reiki is listed as a practice that may have negatively impacted the current state of the afflicted person 31 Training certification and adoption There is no central authority controlling use of the words reiki or reiki master 32 Certificates can be purchased online for under 100 33 It is not uncommon for a course to offer attainment of reiki master in two weekends 34 There is no regulation of practitioners or reiki master in the United States 35 The Washington Post reported in 2014 that in response to customer demand at least 60 hospitals in the United States offered reiki at a cost of between 40 and 300 per session 36 Cancer Research UK reported in 2019 that some cancer centers and hospices in the UK offer free or low cost reiki for people with cancer 5 The cost per session for treatment vary widely but a CNBC report found a practitioner charging 229 per session of 60 90 minutes 37 See also nbsp Japan portalGlossary of alternative medicine Laying on of hands List of ineffective cancer treatments Scientific skepticism QuackeryReferences a b c Semple D Smyth R 2013 Ch 1 Psychomythology Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry 3rd ed Oxford University Press p 20 ISBN 9780199693887 a b c d e Lee MS Pittler MH Ernst E 2008 Effects of reiki in clinical practice A systematic review of randomised clinical trials International Journal of Clinical Practice Systematic Review 62 6 947 54 doi 10 1111 j 1742 1241 2008 01729 x PMID 18410352 S2CID 25832830 Most trials suffered from methodological flaws such as small sample size inadequate study design and poor reporting In conclusion the evidence is insufficient to suggest that reiki is an effective treatment for any condition Therefore the value of reiki remains unproven Bellamy Jann 12 June 2014 Reiki Fraudulent Misrepresentation Science Based Medicine Archived from the original on 21 March 2021 Retrieved 21 April 2021 a b Russell J Rovere A eds 2009 Reiki American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies 2nd ed American Cancer Society pp 243 45 ISBN 9780944235713 a b c d Reiki Complementary and alternative therapy Cancer Research UK about cancer cancerresearchuk org Archived from the original on 10 May 2021 Retrieved 12 February 2020 a b Bril V England J Franklin GM Backonja M et al 2011 Evidence based guideline Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy Report of the American Academy of Neurology the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation PDF Neurology 76 20 1758 65 doi 10 1212 WNL 0b013e3182166ebe PMC 3100130 PMID 21482920 Archived PDF from the original on 12 July 2017 Retrieved 15 May 2015 Joyce Janine Herbison G Peter 3 April 2015 Reiki for depression and anxiety Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4 CD006833 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD006833 pub2 eISSN 1465 1858 PMID 25835541 Reiki Oxford English Dictionary OED 2003 Inscription on Usui s memorial Joyce Janine 3 April 2015 Reiki for depression and anxiety Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4 CD006833 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD006833 pub2 PMID 25835541 Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 Retrieved 22 November 2020 Jarvis William T Reiki National Council Against Health Fraud Archived from the original on 23 August 2009 Retrieved 31 March 2011 a b Dunning Brian Skeptoid 411 Your Body s Alleged Energy Fields Skeptoid Retrieved 3 September 2016 Donlan Joseph E 2009 Ordaining Reality in Brief The Shortcut to Your Future Universal Publishers pp 63 ISBN 9781599428925 Lobato E Mendoza J Sims V Chin M 2014 Examining the relationship between conspiracy theories paranormal beliefs and pseudoscience acceptance among a university population Applied Cognitive Psychology 28 5 617 25 doi 10 1002 acp 3042 Gorski DH Novella SP 2014 Clinical trials of integrative medicine Testing whether magic works Trends in Molecular Medicine 20 9 473 76 doi 10 1016 j molmed 2014 06 007 PMID 25150944 Lilienfeld Scott O Lynn Steven Jay Lohr Jeffrey M 2014 Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology Guilford Press pp 202 ISBN 9781462517893 Ferraresi M Clari R Moro I Banino E et al 2013 Reiki and related therapies in the dialysis ward An evidence based and ethical discussion to debate if these complementary and alternative medicines are welcomed or banned BMC Nephrology 14 1 129 doi 10 1186 1471 2369 14 129 PMC 3694469 PMID 23799960 Reiboldt Wendy 2013 Consumer Survival An Encyclopedia of Consumer Rights Safety and Protection ABC CLIO p 765 ISBN 9781598849370 Canter Peter H 2013 Vitalism and Other Pseudoscience in Alternative Medicine The Retreat from Science In Ernst Edzard ed Healing Hype or Harm A Critical Analysis of Complementary or Alternative Medicine Andrews UK Limited pp 116 ISBN 9781845407117 Smith Jonathan C 2011 Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal A Critical Thinker s Toolkit John Wiley amp Sons pp 251 ISBN 9781444358940 a b Sarner Larry 2002 Therapeutic Touch In Shermer Michael ed The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience ABC CLIO pp 252 ISBN 9781576076538 Pigliucci Massimo Boudry Maarten 2013 Philosophy of Pseudoscience Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem University of Chicago Press pp 178 ISBN 9780226051826 Palmer Susan 2011 The New Heretics of France Minority Religions la Republique and the Government Sponsored War on Sects Oxford University Press pp 129 ISBN 9780199875993 a b c Lee M Pittler M Ernst E 2008 Effects of reiki in clinical practice A systematic review of randomised clinical trials International Journal of Clinical Practice 62 6 947 54 doi 10 1111 j 1742 1241 2008 01729 x PMID 18410352 S2CID 25832830 Reiki Holistic Therapy Treatment Information Disabled world com January 2014 Retrieved 19 September 2015 Ventola C L 2010 Current Issues Regarding Complementary and Alternative Medicine CAM in the United States P amp T A Peer Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management 35 9 514 522 PMC 2957745 PMID 20975811 a b Committee on Doctrine United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 25 March 2010 Guidelines for Evaluating Reiki as an Alternative Therapy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 31 March 2015 Kosloski Phillip 23 October 2018 The spiritual dangers behind Reiki healing services Aletia Media Participations Group and WordPress Foundation for Evangelization through the Media Archived from the original on 26 February 2020 Retrieved 26 February 2020 Fernandes Earl WHAT DOES THE CHURCH TEACH ABOUT REIKI The Catholic Telegraph Archdiocese of Cincinnati Archived from the original on 15 November 2019 Retrieved 19 August 2019 Lawton Kim 12 February 2010 Reiki and the Catholic Church PBS Archived from the original on 1 July 2015 Retrieved 28 June 2015 USCCB Committee on Divine Worship and the Secretariat of Divine Worship December 2014 29 Questions on Exorcism and Its Use in the Church Part Two Committee on Divine Worship Newsletter No Volume L United States Conference of Catholic Bishops Retrieved 19 August 2019 Elaine Stillerman 2014 Modalities for Massage and Bodywork Elsevier Health Sciences p 295 ISBN 9780323260794 Currently there is no standard for certification in Reiki throughout the world Diane Stein 2011 Essential Reiki Teaching Manual A Companion Guide for Reiki Healers Potter TenSpeed Harmony pp 7 8 ISBN 9780307783806 Penelope Quest Kathy Roberts 2012 Reiki Training Levels Reiki Collection Penguin ISBN 9781101576205 Nina L Paul 2011 Reiki classes and certification Reiki for Dummies John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 9781118054741 Sacks B 16 May 2014 Reiki goes mainstream Spiritual touch practice now commonplace in hospitals The Washington Post Archived from the original on 6 January 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2018 Here s the budget breakdown of a 37 year old ex CIA analyst turned energy healer who makes 108 000 a year Archived 2021 04 19 at the Wayback Machine CNBC Emmie Martin 19 February 2019 Retrieved 19 April 2021 BibliographyUsui Mikao et al 2000 The Original Reiki Handbook of Dr Mikao Usui The Traditional Usui Reiki Ryoho Treatment Positions and Numerous Reiki Techniques for Health and Well being Lotus Press ISBN 978 0 914955 57 3 External links nbsp Look up Reiki in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reiki National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 4 May 2010 Reiki An Introduction NCCAM Backgrounder Retrieved 5 May 2010 Government agency dedicated to exploring complementary and alternative healing practices in the context of rigorous science training complementary and alternative medicine CAM researchers and disseminating authoritative information to the public and professionals Stephen Barrett 4 August 2009 Reiki Is Nonsense Retrieved 5 May 2010 Quackwatch article by Stephen Barrett Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Reiki amp oldid 1179197477, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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