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Sun Myung Moon

December 31, 2023

"Reverend Moon" redirects here. For Pastor Moon Ik-hwan, see Moon Ik-hwan.
The native form of this personal name is Moon Sun-myung. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
In this Korean name, the family name is Moon.

Sun Myung Moon (Korean: 문선명; Hanja: 文鮮明; born Moon Yong-Myeong; 6 January 1920 – 3 September 2012) was a Korean religious leader, also known for his business ventures and support for conservative political causes.[1][2] A messiah claimant, he was the founder of the Unification Church (members of which consider him and his wife Hak Ja Han to be their "True Parents"),[3] and of its widely noted "Blessing" or mass wedding ceremonies, and the author of its unique theology the Divine Principle.[4][5][6] He was an anti-communist and an advocate for Korean reunification, for which he was recognized by the governments of both North and South Korea.[7] Businesses he promoted included News World Communications, an international news media corporation known for its American subsidiary The Washington Times,[8][9][10] and Tongil Group, a South Korean business group (chaebol),[11][12][13] as well as other related organizations.[1][14]

Sun Myung Moon
Moon delivering a speech in Las Vegas, 2010
Born
Moon Yong-Myeong

(1920-01-06)6 January 1920
Chongju, North Pyongan, Japanese Korea
Died3 September 2012(2012-09-03) (aged 92)
Gapyeong County, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
NationalityKorean
Occupations
Known forFounder of the Unification Church
Spouses
Choi Sun-kil
​
​
(m. 1945; div. 1957)​
​
​
(m. 1960)​
Children16, including:
Korean name
Hangul
문선명
Hanja
文鮮明
Revised RomanizationMun Seon-myeong
McCune–ReischauerMun Sŏnmyŏng
Birth name
Hangul
문용명
Hanja
文龍明
Revised RomanizationMun Yong-myeong
McCune–ReischauerMun Yongmyŏng

Moon was born in what is now North Korea. When he was a child, his family converted to Christianity.[15] In the 1940s and 1950s, he was imprisoned multiple times by the North and South Korean governments during his early new-religious ministries,[16] formally founding the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity, simply known as the Unification Church, in Seoul, South Korea in 1954.

The Unification Church teaches conservative, family-oriented values from new interpretations of the Christian Bible mixed with theology from Moon's own text, the Divine Principle.[15][16] In 1971, Moon moved to the United States[17] and became well known after giving a series of public speeches on his beliefs.[18][19][20] In the 1982 case United States v. Sun Myung Moon, he was found guilty of willfully filing false federal income tax returns and sentenced to 18 months in federal prison. His case generated protests from clergy and civil libertarians, who said that the trial was biased against him.[21]

Moon was criticized for making high demands of his followers, and at many times requesting their life savings be donated to church activities. These demands led to many struggles for families of those who donated to deal with. [22][23][24] Many of his followers were very dedicated and were often referred to in popular parlance as "Moonies".[25] His wedding ceremonies also drew criticism, especially after members of other churches took part, including the excommunicated Roman Catholic archbishop Emmanuel Milingo.[26] He was also criticized for his relationships with political and religious figures, including US presidents Richard Nixon,[27] George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev,[28] North Korean president Kim Il Sung,[29] and Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan.[30]

Early life edit

 
Moon as a student at Waseda University

Sun Myung Moon was born Yong Myung Moon on 6 January 1920,[31] in modern-day North P'yŏng'an Province, North Korea, at a time when Korea was under Japanese rule. He was the second son in a farming family of thirteen children,[32] eight of whom survived.[16] Moon's family followed Confucianist beliefs until he was around 10 years old, when they converted to Christianity and joined the Presbyterian Church.[33] Moon claims that he experienced a religious vision of Jesus at age 16 that laid out his life's mission.[34]

In 1941, Moon began studying electrical engineering at Waseda University in Japan.[22] During this time he cooperated with Communist Party members in the Korean independence movement against Imperial Japan.[35] In 1943, he returned to Seoul and, in 1944,[36] married his first wife, Sun-kil Choi (최선길; 崔先吉; Choe Seon-gil).[1] They had a son,[1] Sung Jin Moon (문성진; 文聖進; Mun Seong-jin).[37] In the 1940s, Sun Myung Moon attended a church led by Kim Baek-moon [ko], who influentially taught that he had been given by Jesus the mission to spread the message of a "new Israel" throughout the world.[38] Around this time Moon changed his given name to Sun Myung, as an effort to quell the increased resentment of other Christians against him, as he gradually began gathering his own followers.[39]

Following World War II, Korea was divided (South and North) along the 38th parallel into two trusteeships: the United States and the Soviet Union.[24][40] Pyongyang (the eventual capital of North Korea) was the center of Christian activity in Korea until 1945.[citation needed] From the late 1940s, hundreds of Korean Christian religious figures were killed or disappeared in concentration camps, including Francis Hong Yong-ho, Catholic bishop of Pyongyang[41] and all monks of Tokwon Abbey.[42][43] When Moon started his own movement in Pyongyang in 1946,[44] an early version of the Unification Church, the Soviet-controlled North Korean government imprisoned and, he claims, tortured him.[1] Sources vary on the motivation behind his arrest: religious persecution,[45] or a charge of espionage[46] or polygamy.[47] His religious practices during this time may have included unorthodox sexual rituals with multiple women,[47] a claim the Unification Church denies and some scholars have doubted.[48][49]

Arrested again in 1948, he was sentenced to five years at Hungnam labor camp,[50][47] though in 1950, during the Korean War, he was liberated by United Nations troops and allegedly traveled by foot to Busan, (South) Korea.[1][51][52] Moon emerged from his years in the labor camp as a staunch anti-communist.[16] His teachings viewed the Cold War between democracy and communism as the final conflict between God and Satan, with divided Korea as its primary front line.[53]

In 1952[1] or 1955, after years separated from his wife and child before reuniting,[54] Moon and Choi divorced. Moon moved to Seoul once again and, continuing his ministry, was arrested two more times: once on suspicion of religious orgies and once for draft evasion; both charges were overturned.[55][45]

In 1954, Moon formally founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity in Seoul and fathered an illegitimate child[1] (who died in 1969).[56] In the 1950s, Moon quickly drew young acolytes who helped to build the foundations of church affiliated business and cultural organizations.[16][57] At his new church, he preached a conservative, family-oriented value system and his interpretation of the Bible.[6][58] A follower whose family joined Moon's movement in the early 1950s claims that she and Moon engaged in various religious sexual rituals, including with several other women, and that she remained Moon's mistress through his second marriage, up until 1964 (bearing Moon another son, in secret, in 1965).[47]

Second marriage and Blessing ceremonies edit

 
Moon and Hak Ja Han

Marriage to Hak Ja Han edit

Moon married his second wife, Hak Ja Han, who was 17 at the time, on 11 April 1960, soon after Moon turned 40 years old, in a ceremony called the Holy Marriage. Han is called "Mother" or "True Mother". She and Moon together are referred to as the "True Parents" by members of the Unification Church and their family as the "True Family".[3][59][60][61] Jesus was divine but not God; he was supposed to be the second Adam who would create a perfect family by joining with the ideal wife and creating a pure family that would have begun humanity's liberation from its sinful condition.[22] When Jesus was crucified before marrying, he redeemed mankind spiritually but not physically. That task was left to the "True Parents" – Moon and Han – who would link married couples and their families to God.[14][22][62]

Blessing ceremonies edit

Main article: Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church
 
Moon presides over a mass blessing ceremony in 2010

Although they initially lived communally, his followers gradually returned to the traditional Christian family form (monogamy). Blessing ceremonies have attracted attention in the press and in the public imagination, often being labeled "mass weddings". People who have never met, from completely different countries, were married by the Messiah of the Unification Church by "matching". They were informed that a certain person, specially chosen for him/her by the Messiah, would become their husband/wife. Some of them did not see their future partner until the day of the "marriage". Public mass blessing ceremonies followed.[63][33][64][65][66][67][68] Some couples are already married and those that are engaged are later legally married according to the laws of their own countries.[66][67] Meant to highlight the church's emphasis on traditional morality, they brought Moon both fame and controversy.[68]

36 couples participated in the first ceremony in 1961 for members of the early church in Seoul. The ceremonies continued to grow in scale; over 2,000 couples participated in the 1982 one at New York's Madison Square Garden, the first outside South Korea.[15][22] In 1992, about 30,000 couples took part in a ceremony and a record 360,000 couples in Seoul took part three years later.[69]

Moon said that he matched couples from differing races and nationalities because of his belief that all of humanity should be united: "International and intercultural marriages are the quickest way to bring about an ideal world of peace. People should marry across national and cultural boundaries with people from countries they consider to be their enemies so that the world of peace can come that much more quickly."[6][15][62]

Establishing beliefs of the Unification movement edit

See also: Unification movement § Beliefs

Moon said that, when he was 16 years old,[70] Jesus appeared to him, anointing him to carry out his unfinished work by becoming parent to all of humanity.[5][24][62] The Divine Principle  [ko], or Exposition of the Divine Principle (Korean: 원리강론; Hanja: 原理講論; RR: Wolli Gangnon), is the main theological textbook of the Unification movement. It was co-written by Moon and early disciple Hyo Won Eu and first published in 1966. A translation entitled Divine Principle was published in English in 1973. The book lays out the core of Unification theology, and is held to have the status of scripture by believers. Following the format of systematic theology, it includes (1) God's purpose in creating human beings, (2) the fall of man, and (3) restoration – the process through history by which God is working to remove the ill effects of the fall and restore humanity back to the relationship and position that God originally intended.[71]

God is viewed as the creator, whose nature combines both masculinity and femininity, and is the source of all truth, beauty, and goodness. Human beings and the universe reflect God's personality, nature, and purpose.[72] "Give-and-take action" (reciprocal interaction) and "subject and object position" (initiator and responder) are "key interpretive concepts",[73] and the self is designed to be God's object.[73] The purpose of human existence is to return joy to God. The "four-position foundation" (Origin, Subject, Object and Union) is another important and interpretive concept, and explains in part the emphasis on the family.[74]

Move to United States edit

Main article: Unification Church of the United States

In 1971, Moon moved to the United States, which he had first visited in 1965. He remained a citizen of the Republic of Korea and maintained a residence in South Korea.[75] In 1972, Moon founded the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences, a series of scientific conferences.[17][76] The first conference had 20 participants, while the largest conference in Seoul in 1982, had 808 participants from over 100 countries.[77][78] Participants included Nobel laureates John Eccles (Physiology or Medicine 1963, who chaired the 1976 conference)[79] and Eugene Wigner (Physics 1963).[80]

In 1974, Moon asked church members in the United States to support President Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal when Nixon was being pressured to resign his office. Church members prayed and fasted in support of Nixon for three days in front of the United States Capitol, under the motto: "Forgive, Love and Unite." On 1 February 1974 Nixon publicly thanked them for their support and officially received Moon. This brought the church into widespread public and media attention.[27]

In the 1970s, Moon, who had seldom before spoken to the general public, gave a series of public speeches to audiences in the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The largest were a rally in 1975 against North Korean aggression in Seoul and a speech at an event organized by the Unification Church in Washington D.C.[18][19]

United States v. Sun Myung Moon edit

Main article: United States v. Sun Myung Moon

In 1982, Moon was convicted in the United States of filing false federal income tax returns and conspiracy. His conviction was upheld on appeal in a split decision. Moon was given an 18-month sentence and a $15,000 fine. He served 13 months of the sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury before being released on good behavior to a halfway house.[81]

The case was the center of national freedom of religion and free speech debates.[82] Prof. Laurence H. Tribe of the Harvard University Law School argued that the trial by jury had "doomed (Moon) to conviction based on religious prejudice."[83] The American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A, the National Council of Churches, the National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference filed briefs in support of Moon.[84] Many notable clergy, including Jerry Falwell and Joseph Lowery, signed petitions protesting the government's case and spoke out in defense of Moon.[85][86] After his prison sentence Moon began calling himself humanity's Messiah, and officially conferred the title of "Messiah" on himself in 1992.[87][1][88]

The Washington Times edit

Main article: The Washington Times

In 1982 The Washington Times was founded by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with Moon which also owned newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America, as well as the news agency United Press International.[89] The political views of The Washington Times have often been described as conservative.[90][91][92] The Times was read by many Washington DC insiders, including Ronald Reagan.[93][94] By 2002 Moon had invested roughly $1.7 billion to support the Times,[95] which he called "the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world".[96]

Twenty-first century events edit

In 2000, Moon sponsored a United Nations conference which proposed the formation of "a religious assembly, or council of religious representatives, within the structure of the United Nations."[97]

In 2003, Moon sponsored the first Peace Cup international club football tournament.[98][99][100] The Los Angeles Galaxy, which competes in Major League Soccer, played in South Korea in the Peace Cup.[101] During the event Pelé, widely regarded as the best soccer player of all time and former Brazilian Sports Minister, met with Moon.[102]

In 2009, Moon's autobiography, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen (Korean: 평화를 사랑하는 세계인으로),[103] was published by Gimm-Young Publishers in South Korea. The book became a best-seller in Korea and Japan.[104][105][106][107]

By 2010, Moon had given much of the responsibility for Family Federation for World Peace and Unification religious and business activities to his children, who were then in their 30s and 40s.[108] In 2012, the South Korean press reported that Moon traveled worldwide in his private jet which cost $50 million.[109][110]

Illness and death edit

On 14 August 2012, after suffering from pneumonia earlier in the month, Moon was admitted to Saint Mary's Hospital at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul.[111] On 15 August 2012, he was reported to be gravely ill and was put on a ventilator at the intensive care unit of St. Mary's Hospital.[112] On 31 August 2012, Moon was transferred to a church-owned hospital near his home in Gapyeong, northeast of Seoul,[113] after suffering multiple organ failure.[114] Moon died on the morning of 3 September 2012 (1:54 am KST) at the age of 92.[115]

A two-week mourning period was conducted in honor of him. On 15 September, after a funeral service attended by tens of thousands of Unification Church followers, Moon was buried at a church-owned mansion in Gapyeong.[116]

Activities and interests edit

Politics edit

In 1964, Moon founded the Korean Culture and Freedom Foundation, which promoted the interests of South Korea and sponsored Radio Free Asia. Former U.S. Presidents Harry S Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon were honorary presidents or directors at various times.[117]

In 1972, Moon offered predictions on the decline of communism, based on the teachings of the Divine Principle: "After 7,000 biblical years – 6,000 years of restoration history plus the millennium, the time of completion – communism will fall in its 70th year. Here is the meaning of the year 1978. Communism, begun in 1917, could maintain itself approximately 60 years and reach its peak. So 1978 is the border line and afterward communism will decline; in the 70th year it will be altogether ruined. This is true. Therefore, now is the time for people who are studying communism to abandon it."[118]

In 1980, Moon asked church members to found CAUSA International as an anti-communist educational organization, based in New York.[119] In the 1980s, it was active in 21 countries. In the United States it sponsored educational conferences for Christian leaders[120] as well as seminars and conferences for Senate staffers and other activists.[121] In 1986, it produced the anti-communist documentary film Nicaragua Was Our Home.[122] CAUSA supported the Nicaraguan Contras.[123][47]

In August 1985, the Professors World Peace Academy, an organization founded by Moon, sponsored a conference in Geneva to debate the theme "The situation in the world after the fall of the communist empire."[124] In April 1990, Moon visited the Soviet Union and met with President Mikhail Gorbachev. Moon expressed support for the political and economic transformations under way in the Soviet Union. At the same time the Unification Church was expanding into formerly communist nations.[28] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, some American conservatives criticized Moon for his softening of his previous anti-communist stance.[125][126]

In 1991, Moon met with Kim Il Sung, the North Korean President, to discuss ways to achieve peace on the Korean peninsula, as well as on international relations, tourism, etc.[29] In 1994, Moon was officially invited to the funeral of Kim Il Sung, in spite of the absence of diplomatic relations between North Korea and South Korea.[127] Moon and his church are known for their efforts to promote Korean unification.[7]

In 2003, Korean Unification Church members started a political party in South Korea. It was named "The Party for God, Peace, Unification, and Home." In its inauguration declaration, the new party said it would focus on preparing for Korean reunification by educating the public about God and peace.[128] Moon was a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea.[129] In 2012, Moon was posthumously awarded North Korea's National Reunification Prize.[130]

In 2005, Rev. Sun Myung Moon and his wife, Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon, founded the Universal Peace Federation (UPF), an NGO in Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). "We support and promote the work of the United Nations and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals."[131]

Moon's projects have been lobbied in the National Congress of Brazil by Brazilian MPs.[132][133][134] Moon has held dialogues between members of the Israeli Knesset and the Palestinian Parliament as part of his Middle East Peace Initiatives.[135]

Business edit

Tongil Group is a South Korean business group (chaebol "Tongil" is Korean for "unification," the name of the Unification Church in Korean is "Tongilgyo."), founded in 1963 by Moon as a nonprofit organization to provide revenue for the church. Its core focus was manufacturing but in the 1970s and 1980s it expanded by founding or acquiring businesses in pharmaceuticals, tourism, and publishing.[11] Among Tongil Group's chief holdings are: The Ilwha Company, which produces ginseng and related products; Ilshin Stone, building materials; and Tongil Heavy Industries, machine parts including hardware for the South Korean military.[13]

News World Communications is an international news media corporation[8] founded by Moon in 1976. It owns United Press International, World and I, Tiempos del Mundo (Latin America), The Segye Ilbo (South Korea), The Sekai Nippo (Japan), the Zambezi Times (South Africa), and The Middle East Times (Egypt).[9] Until 2008 it published the Washington D.C.-based newsmagazine Insight on the News.[8] Until 2010, it owned the Washington Times. On 2 November 2010, Sun Myung Moon and a group of former Times editors purchased the Times from News World.[10]

In 1982, Moon sponsored the film Inchon, an historical drama about the Battle of Inchon during the Korean War. It was not successful critically or financially, and was criticized for its unfair treatment of the North Korean government.[136]

In 1989, Moon founded Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma,[137] the second most successful soccer club in Korean football, having won a record 7 league titles, 2 FA Cups, 3 League Cups, and 2 AFC Champions League titles. Seongnam's record was beaten by Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors in 2020.

The church is the largest owner of U.S. sushi restaurants and in the Kodiak region of Alaska, is the area's largest employer.[138][139] The church founded the first currently operating automobile manufacturing plant in North Korea, Pyeonghwa Motors, and is the second largest exporter of Korean goods.[140][141][142][143]

In 2011, construction of $18 million Yeosu Expo Hotel was completed; the hotel located at Moon-owned The Ocean Resort in Yeosu, the venue of the Expo 2012.[144] The opening ceremony was attended by the governor of the province.[144][145] Another one, The Ocean Hotel, was completed in February 2012.[146] Moon-owned Yeongpyeong Resort, The Ocean Resort and Pineridge Resort are scheduled to host the Expo 2012,[147] 2018 Winter Olympics[148][149] and Formula 1.[150] Moon also managed the FIFA-accredited Peace Cup.[151] The FIFA itself has funded more than $2m for the Peace Cup since 2003.[152]

Race relations edit

Moon took a strong stance against racism and racial discrimination. In 1974 he urged Unification Church members to support an African American president of the United States: "We have had enough of white presidents. So, let's this time elect a president from the Negro race. What will you do if I say so? There's no question there. We must never forget that we are brothers and sisters in a huge human family. In any level of community, we must become like a family."[153]

In 1981 he said that he himself was a victim of racial prejudice in the United States (concerning his prosecution on tax charges in United States v. Sun Myung Moon), saying: "I would not be standing here today if my skin were white or my religion were Presbyterian. I am here today only because my skin is yellow and my religion is Unification Church. The ugliest things in this beautiful country of America are religious bigotry and racism."[154]

Several African American organizations and individuals spoke out in defense of Moon at this time including the National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Conference of Black Mayors,[155] and Joseph Lowery who was then the head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.[20]

In a later controversy over the use of the word "Moonie" by the American news media, which was said to be offensive, Moon's position was supported by civil rights activists Ralph Abernathy[156][157][158] and James Bevel.[159]

In 2000 Moon and The Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan got together to sponsor the Million Family March,[160] a rally in Washington D.C. to celebrate family unity and racial and religious harmony; as well as to address other issues, including abortion, capital punishment, health care, education, welfare and Social Security reform, substance abuse prevention, and overhaul of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.[161] In his keynote speech Farrakhan called for racial harmony.[162]

Dance edit

In 1962, Moon and other church members founded the Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea, a children's dance troupe which presents traditional Korean folk dances. He said that this was to project a positive image of South Korea to the world.[163] In 1984, Moon founded the $8-million Universal Ballet project, with Soviet-born Oleg Vinogradov as its art director and Moon's daughter-in-law Julia as its prima ballerina. It was described by The New York Times as the top ballet company in Asia.[164] In 1989, Moon founded Universal Ballet Academy which changed its name later to Kirov Academy of Ballet in Washington, D.C.[165]

Seafood and shipbuilding edit

The Unification Church owns True World Foods, which controls a major portion of the sushi trade in the US.[166][167] True World Foods parent company is the corporate conglomerate True World Group which operates restaurants and markets.[168]

The Unification Church's foray into the seafood industry began at the direction of Moon who ordered an expansion into "the oceanic providence." In 1976 and 1977 the Unification Church invested nearly a million dollars into the American seafood industry.[166] Moon delivered a speech in 1980 entitled "The Way of Tuna" in which he claimed that "After we build the boats, we catch the fish and process them for the market, and then have a distribution network. This is not just on the drawing board; I have already done it." and declared himself the "king of the ocean." He also suggested that they could get around the recently imposed 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone by marrying American and Japanese members allowing the Japanese ones to become American citizens, because once married "we are not foreigners; therefore Japanese brothers, particularly those matched to Americans, are becoming ..... leaders for fishing and distribution." He also declared that "Gloucester is almost a Moonie town now!"[166]

Later in 1980 Moon gave a sermon in which he said that "This ocean business is really reserved for Unification Church. How much income would this business generate? Roughly speaking, enough money to buy the entire world. That's true! It has unlimited potential."[168] In 1986 he advised his followers to open a thousand restaurants in America.[166]

The Unification Church owns Master Marine, a shipbuilding and fishing company in Alabama;[169] International Seafood of Kodiak, Alaska;[170][171] In 2011 Master Marine opened a factory in Las Vegas, Nevada, to manufacture a 27-foot pleasure boat designed by Moon.[172][173]

Honorary degrees and other recognition edit

Moon held honorary degrees from more than ten universities and colleges worldwide;[174][175][176] at least one of which, the University of Bridgeport, received significant funding from his organizations.[1] He was a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea.[177] In 1985, he and his wife received Doctor of Divinity degrees from Shaw University.[178]

In 2004, Moon was honored as the Messiah at an event in the Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. This attracted much public attention and was criticized by The New York Times and The Washington Post as a possible violation of the principle of separation of church and state in the United States. Some of the political figures who had attended the event later told reporters that they had been misled as to its nature.[179][180]

Several months after his death, an award named after him and his wife (Sunhak Peace Prize) was proposed, inheriting his will to "recognize and empower innovations in human development, conflict resolution and ecological conservation." Its laureates receive a certificate, a medal, and US$1 million.[181]

Moon was posthumously awarded North Korea's National Reunification Prize in 2012[130] and a meritorious award by K-League.[182][183] On the first anniversary of Moon's death, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un expressed condolences to Han and the family saying: "Kim Jong-un prayed for the repose of Moon, who worked hard for national concord, prosperity and reunification and world peace."[184]

In 2013, Zimbabwean Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai stated: "I remain greatly inspired by people like Reverend Dr. Sun Myung Moon, whose work and life across continents continue to impact positively on the lives of millions of others in the world."[185]

In 2021, Donald Trump praised Moon in an event linked to Unification Church.[186] Previously, such events held by Unification Church named Rally of Hope, gathered speakers from Trump Administration, e.g. former Vice President Mike Pence, former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Advisor Paula White.[187]

Criticisms edit

Moon's claim to be the Messiah and the Second Coming of Christ has been rejected by both Jewish and Christian scholars.[188][189] The Divine Principle was labeled as heretical by Protestant churches in South Korea, including Moon's own Presbyterian Church. In the United States it was rejected by ecumenical organizations as being non-Christian.[3] Protestant commentators have also criticized Moon's teachings as being contrary to the Protestant doctrine of salvation by faith alone.[190][191] In their influential book The Kingdom of the Cults (first published in 1965), Walter Ralston Martin and Ravi K. Zacharias disagreed with the Divine Principle on the issues of the divinity of Christ, the virgin birth of Jesus, Moon's belief that Jesus should have married, the necessity of the crucifixion of Jesus, a literal resurrection of Jesus, as well as a literal second coming of Jesus.[192] Commentators have criticized the Divine Principle for saying that the First World War, the Second World War, the Holocaust, and the Cold War served as indemnity conditions to prepare the world for the establishment of the Kingdom of God.[193] In 2003, George D. Chryssides of the University of Wolverhampton criticized Moon for introducing doctrines which tended to divide the Christian church rather than uniting it, which was his stated purpose in founding the Unification movement (originally named the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity).[3] In his 2009 autobiography Moon himself wrote that he did not originally intend on founding a separate denomination.[194]

During the Cold War, Moon was criticized by both the mainstream media and the alternative press for his anti-communist activism, which many said could lead to World War Three and a nuclear holocaust.[195] Moon's anti-communist activities received financial support from controversial Japanese millionaire and activist Ryōichi Sasakawa.[196][197] In 1977, the Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations of the United States House of Representatives, while investigating the Koreagate scandal, found that the South Korean National Intelligence Service (KCIA) had worked with the Unification Church to gain political influence within the United States, with some members working as volunteers in Congressional offices. Together, they founded the Korean Cultural Freedom Foundation, a nonprofit organization which undertook public diplomacy for the Republic of Korea.[198] The committee also investigated possible KCIA influence on Moon's campaign in support of Richard Nixon.[199] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, some American conservatives criticized Moon for his softening of his previous anti-communist stance.[125][126]

In the 1990s, when Moon began to offer the Unification marriage blessing ceremony to members of other churches and religions, he was criticized for creating possible confusion.[200] In 1998, journalist Peter Maass, writing for The New Yorker, reported that some Unification members were dismayed and also grumbled when Moon extended the Blessing to non-members, who had not gone through the same course that members had.[201] In 2001, Moon came into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church when 71-year-old Catholic archbishop Emmanuel Milingo and Maria Sung, a 43-year-old Korean acupuncturist, married in a blessing ceremony, presided over by Moon and his wife. Following his marriage, the archbishop was called to the Vatican by Pope John Paul II, where he was asked not to see his wife anymore and to move to a Capuchin monastery. Sung went on a hunger strike to protest their separation. This attracted much media attention.[26] Milingo is now an advocate of the removal of the requirement for celibacy by priests in the Catholic Church. He is the founder of Married Priests Now!.[202]

In 2000, Moon was criticized, including by some members of his church, for his support of controversial Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan's Million Family March.[30] Moon was also criticized for his relationship with controversial Jewish scholar Richard L. Rubenstein, an advocate of the "death of God theology" of the 1960s.[203] Rubenstein was a defender of the Unification Church and served on its advisory council,[204] as well as on the board of directors of the church-owned Washington Times newspaper.[205] In the 1990s, he served as president of the University of Bridgeport, which was then affiliated with the church.[206] In 1998, the Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram criticized Moon's possible relationship with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and wrote that the Washington Times editorial policy was "rabidly anti-Arab, anti-Muslim and pro-Israel."[207][208]

Moon opposed homosexuality and compared gay people to "dirty dung-eating dogs".[209] He said that "gays will be eliminated" in a "purge on God's orders".[210] In 2009, Moon's support for the Japan–Korea Undersea Tunnel was criticized in Japan and South Korea as a possible threat to both nations' interests and national identities.[211] Other criticisms include Moon's apparent neglect of his wife, Hak Ja Han, and his appointments of their children and their spouses to leadership positions in the church and related businesses, including their daughter In Jin Moon to the presidency of the Unification Church of the United States against the wishes of some church members; his support of conservatives within the government of South Korea; his assignment of movement members and resources to business projects and political activism, including The Washington Times; as well as the relationship between the Unification Church and Islam, especially following the September 11 attacks in New York City.[47] Moon has also been criticized for his advocacy of a world-wide "automatic theocracy",[212] as well as for advising his followers that they should become "crazy for God".[213][214]

Views of Moon by his followers edit

The Divine Principle itself says about Moon: "With the fullness of time, God has sent one person to this earth to resolve the fundamental problems of human life and the universe. His name is Sun Myung Moon. For several decades he wandered through the spirit world so vast as to be beyond imagining. He trod a bloody path of suffering in search of the truth, passing through tribulations that God alone remembers. Since he understood that no one can find the ultimate truth to save humanity without first passing through the bitterest of trials, he fought alone against millions of devils, both in the spiritual and physical worlds, and triumphed over them all. Through intimate spiritual communion with God and by meeting with Jesus and many saints in Paradise, he brought to light all the secrets of Heaven."[215]

In 1978 Rodney Sawatsky wrote in an article in Theology Today: "Why trust Rev. Moon's dreams and visions of the new age and his role in it, we ask? Most converts actually have had minimal contact with him. Frederick Sontag (Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church, Abingdon, 1977) in his interviews with Moon appears to have found a pleasant but not an overwhelming personality. Charisma, as traditionally understood, seems hardly applicable here. Rather, Moon provides a model. He suffered valiantly, he knows confidently, he prays assuredly, he lives lovingly, say his followers. The Divine Principle is not an unrealizable ideal; it is incarnate in a man, it lives, it is imitable. His truth is experienced to be their truth. His explanation of the universe becomes their understanding of themselves and the world in which they live."[188]

In 1980 sociologist Irving Louis Horowitz commented: "The Reverend Moon is a fundamentalist with a vengeance. He has a belief system that admits of no boundaries or limits, an all-embracing truth. His writings exhibit a holistic concern for the person, society, nature, and all things embraced by the human vision. In this sense the concept underwriting the Unification church is apt, for its primary drive and appeal is unity, urging a paradigm of essence in an overly complicated world of existence. It is a ready-made doctrine for impatient young people and all those for whom the pursuit of the complex has become a tiresome and fruitless venture."[216]

In 1998 investigative journalist Peter Maass wrote in an article in The New Yorker: "There are, certainly, differing degrees of devotion among Moon's followers; the fact that they bow at the right moment or shout Mansei! in unison doesn't mean they believe everything Moon says, or do precisely what he commands. Even on important issues, like Moon's claiming to be the messiah, there are church members whom I met, including a close aide to Moon, who demur. A religious leader whom they respect and whose theology they believe, yes; the messiah, perhaps not."[217]

In his 2004 book The New Religious Movement Experience in America Eugene V. Gallagher wrote: "The Divine Principle's analysis of the Fall sets the stage for the mission of Rev. Moon, who in the last days brings a revelation that offers humankind the chance to return to an Edenic state. The account in the Divine Principle offers Unificationists a comprehensive context for understanding human suffering."[218]

See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ News desk (2 September 2012). . PBS NewsHour. 1996–2013 MacNeil/Lehrer Productions. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d Unifying or Dividing? Sun Myung Moon and the Origins of the Unification Church George D. Chryssides, University of Wolverhampton, U.K. 2003, Since doctrine looms large in Christian thought, it is understandable that its objections to Unificationism are principally on doctrinal grounds. Although the Christian counter-cult literature does not always expound Unification teachings fairly, it is almost unanimous in identifying the respects in which Unificationism diverges from mainstream Christianity: it is unbiblical; teaches erroneous doctrines of God, Christ and salvation; Divine Principle usurps the status of the Judaeo-Christian Bible; it teaches that Jesus did not fully accomplish his mission and that a new messiah is needed to complete it; it introduces new rituals and forms of worship; and it is spiritist. As new religions progress, they occasionally gain acceptance into the mainstream fold, as happened with Seventh-day Adventism, and, even more strikingly, with the Worldwide Church of God. At the turn of the 21st century, however, Unificationism seems no more likely to gain recognition by mainstream Christians.
  4. ^ Moon's death marks end of an era 29 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Eileen Barker, CNN, 2012-9-3, Although Moon is likely to be remembered for all these things – mass weddings, accusations of brainwashing, political intrigue and enormous wealth – he should also be remembered as creating what was arguably one of the most comprehensive and innovative theologies embraced by a new religion of the period.
  5. ^ a b Xaykaothao, Doualy (3 September 2013). "Sun Myung Moon, Unification Church Founder, Dies". NPR (National Public Radio). Retrieved 16 June 2013. The Rev. Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Unification Church, has died at the age of 92 in Korea. Unification church members viewed him as a messiah, despite allegations of cult-like behavior and financial fraud. Moon was known for presiding over mass weddings and starting the conservative newspaper The Washington Times.
  6. ^ a b c Hyung-Jin Kim (2 September 2012). . USA Today. ISSN 0734-7456. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012. The Rev. Sun Myung Moon was a self-proclaimed messiah who built a global business empire. He called both North Korean leaders and American presidents his friends, but spent time in prisons in both countries. His followers around the world cherished him, while his detractors accused him of brainwashing recruits and extracting money from worshippers.
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Further reading edit

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Sun Myung Moon.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sun Myung Moon.
 
Wikisource has original works on the topic: Sun Myung Moon
  • Official website of the American Unification Church 1 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  • FFWPU USA - Family Federation for World Peace and Unification USA Church site
  • Biography in church-sponsored encyclopedia
  • at US church home page
  • Teachings 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine Integrated videos and transcripts
  • Universal Peace Federation founded by Moons in 2005

December 31, 2023
myung, moon, reverend, moon, redirects, here, pastor, moon, hwan, moon, hwan, native, form, this, personal, name, moon, myung, this, article, uses, western, name, order, when, mentioning, individuals, this, korean, name, family, name, moon, korean, 문선명, hanja,. Reverend Moon redirects here For Pastor Moon Ik hwan see Moon Ik hwan The native form of this personal name is Moon Sun myung This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals In this Korean name the family name is Moon Sun Myung Moon Korean 문선명 Hanja 文鮮明 born Moon Yong Myeong 6 January 1920 3 September 2012 was a Korean religious leader also known for his business ventures and support for conservative political causes 1 2 A messiah claimant he was the founder of the Unification Church members of which consider him and his wife Hak Ja Han to be their True Parents 3 and of its widely noted Blessing or mass wedding ceremonies and the author of its unique theology the Divine Principle 4 5 6 He was an anti communist and an advocate for Korean reunification for which he was recognized by the governments of both North and South Korea 7 Businesses he promoted included News World Communications an international news media corporation known for its American subsidiary The Washington Times 8 9 10 and Tongil Group a South Korean business group chaebol 11 12 13 as well as other related organizations 1 14 Sun Myung MoonMoon delivering a speech in Las Vegas 2010BornMoon Yong Myeong 1920 01 06 6 January 1920Chongju North Pyongan Japanese KoreaDied3 September 2012 2012 09 03 aged 92 Gapyeong County Gyeonggi do South KoreaNationalityKoreanOccupationsReligious leader businessman media mogul political activistKnown forFounder of the Unification ChurchSpousesChoi Sun kil m 1945 div 1957 wbr Hak Ja Han m 1960 wbr Children16 including In Jin Moon Heung Jin Moon Un Jin Moon Hyun Jin Moon Moon Kook jin Justin Moon Hyung Jin Moon Sean Moon Korean nameHangul문선명Hanja文鮮明Revised RomanizationMun Seon myeongMcCune ReischauerMun SŏnmyŏngBirth nameHangul문용명Hanja文龍明Revised RomanizationMun Yong myeongMcCune ReischauerMun YongmyŏngMoon was born in what is now North Korea When he was a child his family converted to Christianity 15 In the 1940s and 1950s he was imprisoned multiple times by the North and South Korean governments during his early new religious ministries 16 formally founding the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity simply known as the Unification Church in Seoul South Korea in 1954 The Unification Church teaches conservative family oriented values from new interpretations of the Christian Bible mixed with theology from Moon s own text the Divine Principle 15 16 In 1971 Moon moved to the United States 17 and became well known after giving a series of public speeches on his beliefs 18 19 20 In the 1982 case United States v Sun Myung Moon he was found guilty of willfully filing false federal income tax returns and sentenced to 18 months in federal prison His case generated protests from clergy and civil libertarians who said that the trial was biased against him 21 Moon was criticized for making high demands of his followers and at many times requesting their life savings be donated to church activities These demands led to many struggles for families of those who donated to deal with 22 23 24 Many of his followers were very dedicated and were often referred to in popular parlance as Moonies 25 His wedding ceremonies also drew criticism especially after members of other churches took part including the excommunicated Roman Catholic archbishop Emmanuel Milingo 26 He was also criticized for his relationships with political and religious figures including US presidents Richard Nixon 27 George H W Bush and George W Bush Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev 28 North Korean president Kim Il Sung 29 and Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan 30 Contents 1 Early life 2 Second marriage and Blessing ceremonies 2 1 Marriage to Hak Ja Han 2 2 Blessing ceremonies 2 3 Establishing beliefs of the Unification movement 3 Move to United States 3 1 United States v Sun Myung Moon 3 2 The Washington Times 4 Twenty first century events 5 Illness and death 6 Activities and interests 6 1 Politics 6 2 Business 6 3 Race relations 6 4 Dance 6 5 Seafood and shipbuilding 7 Honorary degrees and other recognition 8 Criticisms 9 Views of Moon by his followers 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksEarly life edit nbsp Moon as a student at Waseda UniversitySun Myung Moon was born Yong Myung Moon on 6 January 1920 31 in modern day North P yŏng an Province North Korea at a time when Korea was under Japanese rule He was the second son in a farming family of thirteen children 32 eight of whom survived 16 Moon s family followed Confucianist beliefs until he was around 10 years old when they converted to Christianity and joined the Presbyterian Church 33 Moon claims that he experienced a religious vision of Jesus at age 16 that laid out his life s mission 34 In 1941 Moon began studying electrical engineering at Waseda University in Japan 22 During this time he cooperated with Communist Party members in the Korean independence movement against Imperial Japan 35 In 1943 he returned to Seoul and in 1944 36 married his first wife Sun kil Choi 최선길 崔先吉 Choe Seon gil 1 They had a son 1 Sung Jin Moon 문성진 文聖進 Mun Seong jin 37 In the 1940s Sun Myung Moon attended a church led by Kim Baek moon ko who influentially taught that he had been given by Jesus the mission to spread the message of a new Israel throughout the world 38 Around this time Moon changed his given name to Sun Myung as an effort to quell the increased resentment of other Christians against him as he gradually began gathering his own followers 39 Following World War II Korea was divided South and North along the 38th parallel into two trusteeships the United States and the Soviet Union 24 40 Pyongyang the eventual capital of North Korea was the center of Christian activity in Korea until 1945 citation needed From the late 1940s hundreds of Korean Christian religious figures were killed or disappeared in concentration camps including Francis Hong Yong ho Catholic bishop of Pyongyang 41 and all monks of Tokwon Abbey 42 43 When Moon started his own movement in Pyongyang in 1946 44 an early version of the Unification Church the Soviet controlled North Korean government imprisoned and he claims tortured him 1 Sources vary on the motivation behind his arrest religious persecution 45 or a charge of espionage 46 or polygamy 47 His religious practices during this time may have included unorthodox sexual rituals with multiple women 47 a claim the Unification Church denies and some scholars have doubted 48 49 Arrested again in 1948 he was sentenced to five years at Hungnam labor camp 50 47 though in 1950 during the Korean War he was liberated by United Nations troops and allegedly traveled by foot to Busan South Korea 1 51 52 Moon emerged from his years in the labor camp as a staunch anti communist 16 His teachings viewed the Cold War between democracy and communism as the final conflict between God and Satan with divided Korea as its primary front line 53 In 1952 1 or 1955 after years separated from his wife and child before reuniting 54 Moon and Choi divorced Moon moved to Seoul once again and continuing his ministry was arrested two more times once on suspicion of religious orgies and once for draft evasion both charges were overturned 55 45 In 1954 Moon formally founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity in Seoul and fathered an illegitimate child 1 who died in 1969 56 In the 1950s Moon quickly drew young acolytes who helped to build the foundations of church affiliated business and cultural organizations 16 57 At his new church he preached a conservative family oriented value system and his interpretation of the Bible 6 58 A follower whose family joined Moon s movement in the early 1950s claims that she and Moon engaged in various religious sexual rituals including with several other women and that she remained Moon s mistress through his second marriage up until 1964 bearing Moon another son in secret in 1965 47 Second marriage and Blessing ceremonies edit nbsp Moon and Hak Ja HanMarriage to Hak Ja Han edit Moon married his second wife Hak Ja Han who was 17 at the time on 11 April 1960 soon after Moon turned 40 years old in a ceremony called the Holy Marriage Han is called Mother or True Mother She and Moon together are referred to as the True Parents by members of the Unification Church and their family as the True Family 3 59 60 61 Jesus was divine but not God he was supposed to be the second Adam who would create a perfect family by joining with the ideal wife and creating a pure family that would have begun humanity s liberation from its sinful condition 22 When Jesus was crucified before marrying he redeemed mankind spiritually but not physically That task was left to the True Parents Moon and Han who would link married couples and their families to God 14 22 62 Blessing ceremonies edit Main article Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church nbsp Moon presides over a mass blessing ceremony in 2010Although they initially lived communally his followers gradually returned to the traditional Christian family form monogamy Blessing ceremonies have attracted attention in the press and in the public imagination often being labeled mass weddings People who have never met from completely different countries were married by the Messiah of the Unification Church by matching They were informed that a certain person specially chosen for him her by the Messiah would become their husband wife Some of them did not see their future partner until the day of the marriage Public mass blessing ceremonies followed 63 33 64 65 66 67 68 Some couples are already married and those that are engaged are later legally married according to the laws of their own countries 66 67 Meant to highlight the church s emphasis on traditional morality they brought Moon both fame and controversy 68 36 couples participated in the first ceremony in 1961 for members of the early church in Seoul The ceremonies continued to grow in scale over 2 000 couples participated in the 1982 one at New York s Madison Square Garden the first outside South Korea 15 22 In 1992 about 30 000 couples took part in a ceremony and a record 360 000 couples in Seoul took part three years later 69 Moon said that he matched couples from differing races and nationalities because of his belief that all of humanity should be united International and intercultural marriages are the quickest way to bring about an ideal world of peace People should marry across national and cultural boundaries with people from countries they consider to be their enemies so that the world of peace can come that much more quickly 6 15 62 Establishing beliefs of the Unification movement edit See also Unification movement Beliefs Moon said that when he was 16 years old 70 Jesus appeared to him anointing him to carry out his unfinished work by becoming parent to all of humanity 5 24 62 The Divine Principle ko or Exposition of the Divine Principle Korean 원리강론 Hanja 原理講論 RR Wolli Gangnon is the main theological textbook of the Unification movement It was co written by Moon and early disciple Hyo Won Eu and first published in 1966 A translation entitled Divine Principle was published in English in 1973 The book lays out the core of Unification theology and is held to have the status of scripture by believers Following the format of systematic theology it includes 1 God s purpose in creating human beings 2 the fall of man and 3 restoration the process through history by which God is working to remove the ill effects of the fall and restore humanity back to the relationship and position that God originally intended 71 God is viewed as the creator whose nature combines both masculinity and femininity and is the source of all truth beauty and goodness Human beings and the universe reflect God s personality nature and purpose 72 Give and take action reciprocal interaction and subject and object position initiator and responder are key interpretive concepts 73 and the self is designed to be God s object 73 The purpose of human existence is to return joy to God The four position foundation Origin Subject Object and Union is another important and interpretive concept and explains in part the emphasis on the family 74 Move to United States editMain article Unification Church of the United States In 1971 Moon moved to the United States which he had first visited in 1965 He remained a citizen of the Republic of Korea and maintained a residence in South Korea 75 In 1972 Moon founded the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences a series of scientific conferences 17 76 The first conference had 20 participants while the largest conference in Seoul in 1982 had 808 participants from over 100 countries 77 78 Participants included Nobel laureates John Eccles Physiology or Medicine 1963 who chaired the 1976 conference 79 and Eugene Wigner Physics 1963 80 In 1974 Moon asked church members in the United States to support President Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal when Nixon was being pressured to resign his office Church members prayed and fasted in support of Nixon for three days in front of the United States Capitol under the motto Forgive Love and Unite On 1 February 1974 Nixon publicly thanked them for their support and officially received Moon This brought the church into widespread public and media attention 27 In the 1970s Moon who had seldom before spoken to the general public gave a series of public speeches to audiences in the United States Japan and South Korea The largest were a rally in 1975 against North Korean aggression in Seoul and a speech at an event organized by the Unification Church in Washington D C 18 19 United States v Sun Myung Moon edit Main article United States v Sun Myung Moon In 1982 Moon was convicted in the United States of filing false federal income tax returns and conspiracy His conviction was upheld on appeal in a split decision Moon was given an 18 month sentence and a 15 000 fine He served 13 months of the sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution Danbury before being released on good behavior to a halfway house 81 The case was the center of national freedom of religion and free speech debates 82 Prof Laurence H Tribe of the Harvard University Law School argued that the trial by jury had doomed Moon to conviction based on religious prejudice 83 The American Baptist Churches in the U S A the National Council of Churches the National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference filed briefs in support of Moon 84 Many notable clergy including Jerry Falwell and Joseph Lowery signed petitions protesting the government s case and spoke out in defense of Moon 85 86 After his prison sentence Moon began calling himself humanity s Messiah and officially conferred the title of Messiah on himself in 1992 87 1 88 The Washington Times edit Main article The Washington Times In 1982 The Washington Times was founded by News World Communications an international media conglomerate associated with Moon which also owned newspapers in South Korea Japan and South America as well as the news agency United Press International 89 The political views of The Washington Times have often been described as conservative 90 91 92 The Times was read by many Washington DC insiders including Ronald Reagan 93 94 By 2002 Moon had invested roughly 1 7 billion to support the Times 95 which he called the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world 96 Twenty first century events editIn 2000 Moon sponsored a United Nations conference which proposed the formation of a religious assembly or council of religious representatives within the structure of the United Nations 97 In 2003 Moon sponsored the first Peace Cup international club football tournament 98 99 100 The Los Angeles Galaxy which competes in Major League Soccer played in South Korea in the Peace Cup 101 During the event Pele widely regarded as the best soccer player of all time and former Brazilian Sports Minister met with Moon 102 In 2009 Moon s autobiography As a Peace Loving Global Citizen Korean 평화를 사랑하는 세계인으로 103 was published by Gimm Young Publishers in South Korea The book became a best seller in Korea and Japan 104 105 106 107 By 2010 Moon had given much of the responsibility for Family Federation for World Peace and Unification religious and business activities to his children who were then in their 30s and 40s 108 In 2012 the South Korean press reported that Moon traveled worldwide in his private jet which cost 50 million 109 110 Illness and death editOn 14 August 2012 after suffering from pneumonia earlier in the month Moon was admitted to Saint Mary s Hospital at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul 111 On 15 August 2012 he was reported to be gravely ill and was put on a ventilator at the intensive care unit of St Mary s Hospital 112 On 31 August 2012 Moon was transferred to a church owned hospital near his home in Gapyeong northeast of Seoul 113 after suffering multiple organ failure 114 Moon died on the morning of 3 September 2012 1 54 am KST at the age of 92 115 A two week mourning period was conducted in honor of him On 15 September after a funeral service attended by tens of thousands of Unification Church followers Moon was buried at a church owned mansion in Gapyeong 116 Activities and interests editPolitics edit In 1964 Moon founded the Korean Culture and Freedom Foundation which promoted the interests of South Korea and sponsored Radio Free Asia Former U S Presidents Harry S Truman Dwight D Eisenhower and Richard Nixon were honorary presidents or directors at various times 117 In 1972 Moon offered predictions on the decline of communism based on the teachings of the Divine Principle After 7 000 biblical years 6 000 years of restoration history plus the millennium the time of completion communism will fall in its 70th year Here is the meaning of the year 1978 Communism begun in 1917 could maintain itself approximately 60 years and reach its peak So 1978 is the border line and afterward communism will decline in the 70th year it will be altogether ruined This is true Therefore now is the time for people who are studying communism to abandon it 118 In 1980 Moon asked church members to found CAUSA International as an anti communist educational organization based in New York 119 In the 1980s it was active in 21 countries In the United States it sponsored educational conferences for Christian leaders 120 as well as seminars and conferences for Senate staffers and other activists 121 In 1986 it produced the anti communist documentary film Nicaragua Was Our Home 122 CAUSA supported the Nicaraguan Contras 123 47 In August 1985 the Professors World Peace Academy an organization founded by Moon sponsored a conference in Geneva to debate the theme The situation in the world after the fall of the communist empire 124 In April 1990 Moon visited the Soviet Union and met with President Mikhail Gorbachev Moon expressed support for the political and economic transformations under way in the Soviet Union At the same time the Unification Church was expanding into formerly communist nations 28 After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 some American conservatives criticized Moon for his softening of his previous anti communist stance 125 126 In 1991 Moon met with Kim Il Sung the North Korean President to discuss ways to achieve peace on the Korean peninsula as well as on international relations tourism etc 29 In 1994 Moon was officially invited to the funeral of Kim Il Sung in spite of the absence of diplomatic relations between North Korea and South Korea 127 Moon and his church are known for their efforts to promote Korean unification 7 In 2003 Korean Unification Church members started a political party in South Korea It was named The Party for God Peace Unification and Home In its inauguration declaration the new party said it would focus on preparing for Korean reunification by educating the public about God and peace 128 Moon was a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea 129 In 2012 Moon was posthumously awarded North Korea s National Reunification Prize 130 In 2005 Rev Sun Myung Moon and his wife Dr Hak Ja Han Moon founded the Universal Peace Federation UPF an NGO in Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council ECOSOC We support and promote the work of the United Nations and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals 131 Moon s projects have been lobbied in the National Congress of Brazil by Brazilian MPs 132 133 134 Moon has held dialogues between members of the Israeli Knesset and the Palestinian Parliament as part of his Middle East Peace Initiatives 135 Business edit Tongil Group is a South Korean business group chaebol Tongil is Korean for unification the name of the Unification Church in Korean is Tongilgyo founded in 1963 by Moon as a nonprofit organization to provide revenue for the church Its core focus was manufacturing but in the 1970s and 1980s it expanded by founding or acquiring businesses in pharmaceuticals tourism and publishing 11 Among Tongil Group s chief holdings are The Ilwha Company which produces ginseng and related products Ilshin Stone building materials and Tongil Heavy Industries machine parts including hardware for the South Korean military 13 News World Communications is an international news media corporation 8 founded by Moon in 1976 It owns United Press International World and I Tiempos del Mundo Latin America The Segye Ilbo South Korea The Sekai Nippo Japan the Zambezi Times South Africa and The Middle East Times Egypt 9 Until 2008 it published the Washington D C based newsmagazine Insight on the News 8 Until 2010 it owned the Washington Times On 2 November 2010 Sun Myung Moon and a group of former Times editors purchased the Times from News World 10 In 1982 Moon sponsored the film Inchon an historical drama about the Battle of Inchon during the Korean War It was not successful critically or financially and was criticized for its unfair treatment of the North Korean government 136 In 1989 Moon founded Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma 137 the second most successful soccer club in Korean football having won a record 7 league titles 2 FA Cups 3 League Cups and 2 AFC Champions League titles Seongnam s record was beaten by Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors in 2020 The church is the largest owner of U S sushi restaurants and in the Kodiak region of Alaska is the area s largest employer 138 139 The church founded the first currently operating automobile manufacturing plant in North Korea Pyeonghwa Motors and is the second largest exporter of Korean goods 140 141 142 143 In 2011 construction of 18 million Yeosu Expo Hotel was completed the hotel located at Moon owned The Ocean Resort in Yeosu the venue of the Expo 2012 144 The opening ceremony was attended by the governor of the province 144 145 Another one The Ocean Hotel was completed in February 2012 146 Moon owned Yeongpyeong Resort The Ocean Resort and Pineridge Resort are scheduled to host the Expo 2012 147 2018 Winter Olympics 148 149 and Formula 1 150 Moon also managed the FIFA accredited Peace Cup 151 The FIFA itself has funded more than 2m for the Peace Cup since 2003 152 Race relations edit Moon took a strong stance against racism and racial discrimination In 1974 he urged Unification Church members to support an African American president of the United States We have had enough of white presidents So let s this time elect a president from the Negro race What will you do if I say so There s no question there We must never forget that we are brothers and sisters in a huge human family In any level of community we must become like a family 153 In 1981 he said that he himself was a victim of racial prejudice in the United States concerning his prosecution on tax charges in United States v Sun Myung Moon saying I would not be standing here today if my skin were white or my religion were Presbyterian I am here today only because my skin is yellow and my religion is Unification Church The ugliest things in this beautiful country of America are religious bigotry and racism 154 Several African American organizations and individuals spoke out in defense of Moon at this time including the National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus the Southern Christian Leadership Conference the National Conference of Black Mayors 155 and Joseph Lowery who was then the head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 20 In a later controversy over the use of the word Moonie by the American news media which was said to be offensive Moon s position was supported by civil rights activists Ralph Abernathy 156 157 158 and James Bevel 159 In 2000 Moon and The Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan got together to sponsor the Million Family March 160 a rally in Washington D C to celebrate family unity and racial and religious harmony as well as to address other issues including abortion capital punishment health care education welfare and Social Security reform substance abuse prevention and overhaul of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund 161 In his keynote speech Farrakhan called for racial harmony 162 Dance edit In 1962 Moon and other church members founded the Little Angels Children s Folk Ballet of Korea a children s dance troupe which presents traditional Korean folk dances He said that this was to project a positive image of South Korea to the world 163 In 1984 Moon founded the 8 million Universal Ballet project with Soviet born Oleg Vinogradov as its art director and Moon s daughter in law Julia as its prima ballerina It was described by The New York Times as the top ballet company in Asia 164 In 1989 Moon founded Universal Ballet Academy which changed its name later to Kirov Academy of Ballet in Washington D C 165 Seafood and shipbuilding edit The Unification Church owns True World Foods which controls a major portion of the sushi trade in the US 166 167 True World Foods parent company is the corporate conglomerate True World Group which operates restaurants and markets 168 The Unification Church s foray into the seafood industry began at the direction of Moon who ordered an expansion into the oceanic providence In 1976 and 1977 the Unification Church invested nearly a million dollars into the American seafood industry 166 Moon delivered a speech in 1980 entitled The Way of Tuna in which he claimed that After we build the boats we catch the fish and process them for the market and then have a distribution network This is not just on the drawing board I have already done it and declared himself the king of the ocean He also suggested that they could get around the recently imposed 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone by marrying American and Japanese members allowing the Japanese ones to become American citizens because once married we are not foreigners therefore Japanese brothers particularly those matched to Americans are becoming leaders for fishing and distribution He also declared that Gloucester is almost a Moonie town now 166 Later in 1980 Moon gave a sermon in which he said that This ocean business is really reserved for Unification Church How much income would this business generate Roughly speaking enough money to buy the entire world That s true It has unlimited potential 168 In 1986 he advised his followers to open a thousand restaurants in America 166 The Unification Church owns Master Marine a shipbuilding and fishing company in Alabama 169 International Seafood of Kodiak Alaska 170 171 In 2011 Master Marine opened a factory in Las Vegas Nevada to manufacture a 27 foot pleasure boat designed by Moon 172 173 Honorary degrees and other recognition editMoon held honorary degrees from more than ten universities and colleges worldwide 174 175 176 at least one of which the University of Bridgeport received significant funding from his organizations 1 He was a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea 177 In 1985 he and his wife received Doctor of Divinity degrees from Shaw University 178 In 2004 Moon was honored as the Messiah at an event in the Dirksen Senate Office Building Washington D C This attracted much public attention and was criticized by The New York Times and The Washington Post as a possible violation of the principle of separation of church and state in the United States Some of the political figures who had attended the event later told reporters that they had been misled as to its nature 179 180 Several months after his death an award named after him and his wife Sunhak Peace Prize was proposed inheriting his will to recognize and empower innovations in human development conflict resolution and ecological conservation Its laureates receive a certificate a medal and US 1 million 181 Moon was posthumously awarded North Korea s National Reunification Prize in 2012 130 and a meritorious award by K League 182 183 On the first anniversary of Moon s death North Korean leader Kim Jong Un expressed condolences to Han and the family saying Kim Jong un prayed for the repose of Moon who worked hard for national concord prosperity and reunification and world peace 184 In 2013 Zimbabwean Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai stated I remain greatly inspired by people like Reverend Dr Sun Myung Moon whose work and life across continents continue to impact positively on the lives of millions of others in the world 185 In 2021 Donald Trump praised Moon in an event linked to Unification Church 186 Previously such events held by Unification Church named Rally of Hope gathered speakers from Trump Administration e g former Vice President Mike Pence former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Advisor Paula White 187 Criticisms editMoon s claim to be the Messiah and the Second Coming of Christ has been rejected by both Jewish and Christian scholars 188 189 The Divine Principle was labeled as heretical by Protestant churches in South Korea including Moon s own Presbyterian Church In the United States it was rejected by ecumenical organizations as being non Christian 3 Protestant commentators have also criticized Moon s teachings as being contrary to the Protestant doctrine of salvation by faith alone 190 191 In their influential book The Kingdom of the Cults first published in 1965 Walter Ralston Martin and Ravi K Zacharias disagreed with the Divine Principle on the issues of the divinity of Christ the virgin birth of Jesus Moon s belief that Jesus should have married the necessity of the crucifixion of Jesus a literal resurrection of Jesus as well as a literal second coming of Jesus 192 Commentators have criticized the Divine Principle for saying that the First World War the Second World War the Holocaust and the Cold War served as indemnity conditions to prepare the world for the establishment of the Kingdom of God 193 In 2003 George D Chryssides of the University of Wolverhampton criticized Moon for introducing doctrines which tended to divide the Christian church rather than uniting it which was his stated purpose in founding the Unification movement originally named the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity 3 In his 2009 autobiography Moon himself wrote that he did not originally intend on founding a separate denomination 194 During the Cold War Moon was criticized by both the mainstream media and the alternative press for his anti communist activism which many said could lead to World War Three and a nuclear holocaust 195 Moon s anti communist activities received financial support from controversial Japanese millionaire and activist Ryōichi Sasakawa 196 197 In 1977 the Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations of the United States House of Representatives while investigating the Koreagate scandal found that the South Korean National Intelligence Service KCIA had worked with the Unification Church to gain political influence within the United States with some members working as volunteers in Congressional offices Together they founded the Korean Cultural Freedom Foundation a nonprofit organization which undertook public diplomacy for the Republic of Korea 198 The committee also investigated possible KCIA influence on Moon s campaign in support of Richard Nixon 199 After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 some American conservatives criticized Moon for his softening of his previous anti communist stance 125 126 In the 1990s when Moon began to offer the Unification marriage blessing ceremony to members of other churches and religions he was criticized for creating possible confusion 200 In 1998 journalist Peter Maass writing for The New Yorker reported that some Unification members were dismayed and also grumbled when Moon extended the Blessing to non members who had not gone through the same course that members had 201 In 2001 Moon came into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church when 71 year old Catholic archbishop Emmanuel Milingo and Maria Sung a 43 year old Korean acupuncturist married in a blessing ceremony presided over by Moon and his wife Following his marriage the archbishop was called to the Vatican by Pope John Paul II where he was asked not to see his wife anymore and to move to a Capuchin monastery Sung went on a hunger strike to protest their separation This attracted much media attention 26 Milingo is now an advocate of the removal of the requirement for celibacy by priests in the Catholic Church He is the founder of Married Priests Now 202 In 2000 Moon was criticized including by some members of his church for his support of controversial Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan s Million Family March 30 Moon was also criticized for his relationship with controversial Jewish scholar Richard L Rubenstein an advocate of the death of God theology of the 1960s 203 Rubenstein was a defender of the Unification Church and served on its advisory council 204 as well as on the board of directors of the church owned Washington Times newspaper 205 In the 1990s he served as president of the University of Bridgeport which was then affiliated with the church 206 In 1998 the Egyptian newspaper Al Ahram criticized Moon s possible relationship with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and wrote that the Washington Times editorial policy was rabidly anti Arab anti Muslim and pro Israel 207 208 Moon opposed homosexuality and compared gay people to dirty dung eating dogs 209 He said that gays will be eliminated in a purge on God s orders 210 In 2009 Moon s support for the Japan Korea Undersea Tunnel was criticized in Japan and South Korea as a possible threat to both nations interests and national identities 211 Other criticisms include Moon s apparent neglect of his wife Hak Ja Han and his appointments of their children and their spouses to leadership positions in the church and related businesses including their daughter In Jin Moon to the presidency of the Unification Church of the United States against the wishes of some church members his support of conservatives within the government of South Korea his assignment of movement members and resources to business projects and political activism including The Washington Times as well as the relationship between the Unification Church and Islam especially following the September 11 attacks in New York City 47 Moon has also been criticized for his advocacy of a world wide automatic theocracy 212 as well as for advising his followers that they should become crazy for God 213 214 Views of Moon by his followers editThe Divine Principle itself says about Moon With the fullness of time God has sent one person to this earth to resolve the fundamental problems of human life and the universe His name is Sun Myung Moon For several decades he wandered through the spirit world so vast as to be beyond imagining He trod a bloody path of suffering in search of the truth passing through tribulations that God alone remembers Since he understood that no one can find the ultimate truth to save humanity without first passing through the bitterest of trials he fought alone against millions of devils both in the spiritual and physical worlds and triumphed over them all Through intimate spiritual communion with God and by meeting with Jesus and many saints in Paradise he brought to light all the secrets of Heaven 215 In 1978 Rodney Sawatsky wrote in an article in Theology Today Why trust Rev Moon s dreams and visions of the new age and his role in it we ask Most converts actually have had minimal contact with him Frederick Sontag Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church Abingdon 1977 in his interviews with Moon appears to have found a pleasant but not an overwhelming personality Charisma as traditionally understood seems hardly applicable here Rather Moon provides a model He suffered valiantly he knows confidently he prays assuredly he lives lovingly say his followers The Divine Principle is not an unrealizable ideal it is incarnate in a man it lives it is imitable His truth is experienced to be their truth His explanation of the universe becomes their understanding of themselves and the world in which they live 188 In 1980 sociologist Irving Louis Horowitz commented The Reverend Moon is a fundamentalist with a vengeance He has a belief system that admits of no boundaries or limits an all embracing truth His writings exhibit a holistic concern for the person society nature and all things embraced by the human vision In this sense the concept underwriting the Unification church is apt for its primary drive and appeal is unity urging a paradigm of essence in an overly complicated world of existence It is a ready made doctrine for impatient young people and all those for whom the pursuit of the complex has become a tiresome and fruitless venture 216 In 1998 investigative journalist Peter Maass wrote in an article in The New Yorker There are certainly differing degrees of devotion among Moon s followers the fact that they bow at the right moment or shout Mansei in unison doesn t mean they believe everything Moon says or do precisely what he commands Even on important issues like Moon s claiming to be the messiah there are church members whom I met including a close aide to Moon who demur A religious leader whom they respect and whose theology they believe yes the messiah perhaps not 217 In his 2004 book The New Religious Movement Experience in America Eugene V Gallagher wrote The Divine Principle s analysis of the Fall sets the stage for the mission of Rev Moon who in the last days brings a revelation that offers humankind the chance to return to an Edenic state The account in the Divine Principle offers Unificationists a comprehensive context for understanding human suffering 218 See also editMessiah List of messiah claimants Messiah complex Media proprietorReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j Wakin Daniel J 2 September 2012 Rev Sun Myung Moon Self Proclaimed Messiah Who Built Religious Movement Dies at 92 The New York Times p A17 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 12 June 2013 News desk 2 September 2012 Religious Leader Media Mogul Rev Sun Myung Moon Dies at Age 92 PBS NewsHour 1996 2013 MacNeil Lehrer Productions Archived from the original on 20 June 2013 Retrieved 20 June 2013 a b c d Unifying or Dividing Sun Myung Moon and the Origins of the Unification Church George D Chryssides University of Wolverhampton U K 2003 Since doctrine looms large in Christian thought it is understandable that its objections to Unificationism are principally on doctrinal grounds Although the Christian counter cult literature does not always expound Unification teachings fairly it is almost unanimous in identifying the respects in which Unificationism diverges from mainstream Christianity it is unbiblical teaches erroneous doctrines of God Christ and salvation Divine Principle usurps the status of the Judaeo Christian Bible it teaches that Jesus did not fully accomplish his mission and that a new messiah is needed to complete it it introduces new rituals and forms of worship and it is spiritist As new religions progress they occasionally gain acceptance into the mainstream fold as happened with Seventh day Adventism and even more strikingly with the Worldwide Church of God At the turn of the 21st century however Unificationism seems no more likely to gain recognition by mainstream Christians Moon s death marks end of an era Archived 29 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine Eileen Barker CNN 2012 9 3 Although Moon is likely to be remembered for all these things mass weddings accusations of brainwashing political intrigue and enormous wealth he should also be remembered as creating what was arguably one of the most comprehensive and innovative theologies embraced by a new religion of the period a b Xaykaothao Doualy 3 September 2013 Sun Myung Moon Unification Church Founder Dies NPR National Public Radio Retrieved 16 June 2013 The Rev Sun Myung Moon founder of the Unification Church has died at the age of 92 in Korea Unification church members viewed him as a messiah despite allegations of cult like behavior and financial fraud Moon was known for presiding over mass weddings and starting the conservative newspaper The Washington Times a b c Hyung Jin Kim 2 September 2012 Unification Church founder Rev Sun Myung Moon dies at 92 USA Today ISSN 0734 7456 Archived from the original on 29 September 2012 Retrieved 2 September 2012 The Rev Sun Myung Moon was a self proclaimed messiah who built a global business empire He called both North Korean leaders and American presidents his friends but spent time in prisons in both countries His followers around the world cherished him while his detractors accused him of brainwashing recruits and extracting money from worshippers a b Sun Myung Moon s Groundbreaking Campaign to Open North Korea The Atlantic Armin Rosen 6 September 2012 But for all the focus on the eccentric mogul s quirks and U S investments his role in North Korea may turn out to be his most enduring legacy a fascinating story of how one man opened one of the very few cracks in this modern hermit kingdom a b c Who Owns What News World Communications Inc The Columbia Journalism Review 24 November 2003 Archived from the original on 1 September 2012 Retrieved 18 September 2020 News World Communications is the media arm of Reverend Sun Myung Moon s Unification Church Holdings Newspapers and Magazines GolfStyles Magazine Middle Eastern Times The Segye Ilbo South Korea The Sekai Nippo Tokyo Tiempos del Mundo Online Only World and I Wire Service United Press International UPI a b Yahoo Finance Business Finance Stock Market Quotes News biz yahoo com Retrieved 28 January 2018 a b Shapira Ian 3 November 2010 Moon group buys back Washington Times The Washington Post p C1 a b Kim Hyung eun 12 April 2010 Business engine of a global faith Joong Ang Daily Kirk Don 2 May 1998 Reverend Moon s Group Wants to Talk Investment Seoul Nods at Church s Foray North The New York Times The Unification Church whose Tongil Group ranks about 35th in size among South Korean conglomerates appears to have Seoul s permission to discuss possible investments with North Korea Tongil which means unification in Korean owns factories and a chain of small stores in the South a b Kirk Donald 2 May 2010 Sons rise in a Moon s shadow Forbes a b Hagerty Barbara Bradley 2 September 2012 Rev Moon A Savior To Some Lived A Big Dream NPR org National Public Radio Retrieved 19 June 2013 a b c d Urquhart Conal 2 September 2013 Sun Myung Moon founder of the Moonies dies in South Korea The Guardian London 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 12 June 2013 Moon was born in what would become North Korea in 1920 to a family that followed Confucian beliefs but when he was 10 years old the family converted to Christianity and joined the Presbyterian church a b c d e Brown Emma 2 September 2012 Sun Myung Moon dies at 92 Washington Times owner led the Unification Church The Washington Post ISSN 0740 5421 Archived from June 2013 the original on 28 September 2013 self professed messiah who claimed millions of religious followers in his Unification Church and sought to become a powerful voice in the American conservative movement through business interests a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a Check url value help a b excerpt Archived 29 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion Massimo Introvigne 2000 Signature Books Salt Lake City Utah ISBN 1 56085 145 7 a b Quebedeaux Richard 1982 Richard Quebedeaux Lifestyle Conversations with Members of Unification Church Erick Rodriguez ISBN 9780932894182 Retrieved 9 October 2012 a b Moon Festival Draws 50 000 to Monument Washington Post 19 September 1976 a b Introvigne Massimo 2000 The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion Signature Books Salt Lake City Utah ISBN 1 56085 145 7 excerpt Archived 29 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine Raspberry William Did Unpopular Moonie Get a Fair Trial Washington Post 19 April 1984 a b c d e Schoifet Mark 2 September 2012 Sun Myung Moon Church Head Who Ran Business Empire Dies Business Week Bloomberg News Archived from the original on 4 September 2012 Retrieved 12 June 2013 A E Networks September 2013 Sun Myung Moon biography Biography com Archived from the original on 3 June 2013 Retrieved 16 June 2013 a b c Richard Greene K J Kwon Greg Botelho 3 September 2013 Rev Moon religious and political figure dies in South Korea at 92 CNN Retrieved 16 June 2013 Moon wedding Getting married with 4 000 others BBC News 28 June 2012 a b The archbishop s wife speaks for herself National Catholic Reporter 31 August 2001 a b Introvigne Massimo 2000 The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion Signature Books Salt Lake City Utah ISBN 1 56085 145 7 excerpt Archived 29 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine page 16 a b EVOLUTION IN EUROPE New Flock for Moon Church The Changing Soviet Student from The New York Times a b At Time of Change for Rev Moon Church a Return to Tradition The New York Times 14 October 2009 a b Clarkson Frederick 9 October 2000 Million Moon March Salon Salon com Inc Archived from the original on 1 May 2011 Retrieved 5 November 2009 Sun Myung Moon Edinburgh Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 5 June 2020 Mickler Michael L 2022 The Unification Church Movement Cambridge University Press p 6 a b Mass Moonie Marriage in the US BBC News 29 November 1997 Retrieved 9 March 2023 Mickler 2022 p 8 Moon Sun Myung 2009 As a Peace Loving Global Citizen Gimm Young Publishers ISBN 978 0 7166 0299 6 Mickler 2022 p 10 Rev Moon oversaw large often bickering brood Associated Press 2012 Breen Michael 1997 Sun Myung Moon the early years 1920 53 Hurstpierpoint West Sussex U K Refuge Books pp 69 173 ISBN 978 0953163700 Breen Michael 1997 Sun Myung Moon the early years 1920 53 Hurstpierpoint West Sussex U K Refuge Books pp 69 173 ISBN 978 0953163700 Unification Church HD Jongkyo Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 17 October 2014 Korea for a reconciliation between North and South 30 Days 24 March 2006 Archived from the original on 23 October 2007 Retrieved 21 April 2010 The Martyrs of Tokwon Historical Preliminary Notes Missionary Benedictines of St Ottilien Archived from the original on 17 October 2014 Retrieved 10 April 2012 Thank You Father Kim Il Sung PDF U S Commission on International Religious Freedom November 2005 Archived from the original PDF on 26 October 2013 Retrieved 10 April 2012 Mickler 2022 p 11 a b Dunkel Tom 2018 Locked and Loaded for the Lord The Washington Post Mickler 2022 p 12 a b c d e f Blake Mariah 12 November 2013 The Fall of the House of Moon Sex Rituals foreign spies Biden offspring and the Unification Church s war torn first family The New Republic Retrieved 9 December 2015 Mickler 2022 p 12 Chryssides George 1991 The Advent of Sun Myung Moon The Origins Beliefs and Practices of the Unification Church New York St Martin s Press pp 99 103 ISBN 978 0312053475 Mickler 2022 p 12 Woo Elaine 3 September 2012 Sun Myung Moon dies at 92 led controversial Unification Church Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Archived from the original on 5 October 2012 Retrieved 2 January 2013 Brown Emma 4 September 2012 Sun Myung Moon dies at 92 Washington Times owner led the Unification Church The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 2 January 2013 Christianity A Global History David Chidester HarperCollins 2001 ISBN 0062517708 9780062517708 pages 514 to 515 Mickler 2022 p 19 Mickler 2022 p 18 Mickler 2022 p 20 NBC News staff and news services 2 September 2012 Sun Myung Moon founder of Unification Church dies at 92 World News on NBC News Archived from the original on 6 June 2013 Retrieved 20 June 2013 Unification Church founder Rev Moon dies at 92 CBC News The Canadian Press Associated Press 2 September 2013 Retrieved 19 June 2013 Moon At Twilight Amid scandal the Unification Church has a strange new mission Peter Maass New Yorker Magazine 14 September 1998 Moon sees the essence of his own mission as completing the one given to Jesus establishing a true family untouched by Satan while teaching all people to lead a God centered life under his spiritual leadership Firestone David 12 September 1997 Sharpton in Ceremonies Of Unification Church by David Firestone The New York Times Friday 12 September 1997 The New York Times Messiah by John Dart Los Angeles Times 29 Jan 1976 B1 Archived from the original on 25 July 2012 Retrieved 7 July 2017 a b c Moon Reverend Sun Myung 2010 As a peace loving global citizen May 2010 ed Washington D C Washington Times Foundation ISBN 978 0615393773 The men and women entered a large room where Moon began matching couples by pointing at them NY Daily News In the Unification tradition romantic liaisons are forbidden until the members are deemed by Mr Moon to be spiritually ready to be matched at a huge gathering where he points future spouses out to one another His followers believe that his decisions are based on his ability to discern their suitability and see their future descendants Many are matched with people of other races and nationalities in keeping with Mr Moon s ideal of unifying all races and nations in the Unification Church Though some couples are matched immediately before the mass wedding ceremonies which are held every two or three years most have long engagements during which they are typically posted in different cities or even continents and get to know one another through letters NY Times Many were personally matched by Moon who taught that romantic love led to sexual promiscuity mismatched couples and dysfunctional societies Moon s preference for cross cultural marriages also meant that couples often shared no common language Manchester Guardian Moon s death Sept 2 and funeral Saturday signaled the end of the random pairings that helped make Moon s Unification Church famous and infamous a generation ago Washington Post Many of the couples who married at mass weddings were hand picked by Moon from photos It led to some strange pairs such as a 71 year old African Catholic archbishop who wed a 43 year old Korean acupuncturist In 1988 Moon entered the Guinness Book of Records when he married 6 516 identically dressed couples at Seoul s Olympic Stadium Moonie newly weds were forbidden to sleep together for 40 days to prove their marriage was on a higher plane They then had to consummate their marriage in a three day ritual with the sexual positions stipulated by their leader Daily Mirror Hadjimatheou Chloe 28 June 2012 Moon wedding Getting married with 4 000 others BBC News Retrieved 9 March 2023 Eng Monica Jackson David 25 May 2006 Despite controversy Moon and his church moving into mainstream chicagotribune com Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on 25 July 2008 Retrieved 8 March 2023 The church s most spectacular rite remains mass weddings which the church calls the way fallen men and women can be engrafted into the true lineage of God a b Murphy Caryle Wheeler Linda 30 November 1997 WashingtonPost com The Cult Controversy Washington Post Retrieved 8 March 2023 Church and stadium officials estimated that more than 40 000 people mostly couples attended the event including the Moon matched couples who took their marriage vows on the football field and exchanged gold rings displaying the church symbol Those couples however must still fulfill whatever requirements exist where they live to be considered legally married a b The Associated Press 30 November 1997 28 000 Couples Gather for Rev Moon Rites The New York Times Retrieved 8 March 2023 The real weddings were held later in separate legal ceremonies a b Henneberger Melinda 22 September 1992 A Look at Life After Mass Marriage For 2 075 Couples Give or Take 200 10 Years Together Thanks to Sun Myung Moon The New York Times Retrieved 21 June 2013 Unification Church Mass Moonie Marriage in the US BBC News 29 November 1997 Retrieved 21 June 2013 Mickler 2022 p 8 Korean Moon Waxing of Waning Archived 16 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Leo Sandon Jr Theology Today Vol 35 No 2 July 1978 The movement s official doctrinal statement and a part of the revelation is the Divine Principle Both an oral tradition and a written one and published in several versions Divine Principle is the Completed Testament The Rev Moon claims to have come not to destroy or abrogate the Old and New Testaments but to fulfill them to complete them To his Moonist followers the Rev Moon is primarily true father probably the Messiah and only secondarily a theologian In an effort to systematize Moon s teachings several members of the Unification Church in Korea have put together a developing theological system in Divine Principle which is impressive in its imaginative nature coherence and consistency if not in its Christian orthodoxy As the most complete expression of Moonist teachings to date Divine Principle is the basic text of the Unification Church The two major divisions of the system are the doctrines of Creation and Restoration There are many subsets to these major divisions but Creation and Restoration are the foci for the Moonist theological system Sontag Fredrick 1977 Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church Abingdon p 102 ISBN 0 687 40622 6 a b Sontag Fredrick 1977 Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church Abingdon p 107 ISBN 0 687 40622 6 Sontag Fredrick 1977 Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church Abingdon p 108 ISBN 0 687 40622 6 Image of Moon s arrival JPG Retrieved 29 April 2006 Kety Quits Moon Linked ICF Conference Archived 20 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine Harvard Crimson 10 August 1976 ICUS www icus org Archived from the original on 4 October 2011 Retrieved 28 January 2018 Church Spends Millions On Its Image The Washington Post 17 September 1984 Kety Quits Moon Linked ICF Conference News The Harvard Crimson www thecrimson com Retrieved 28 January 2018 Eugene Paul Wigner Papers Archived 24 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine Princeton University Library Moon s Japanese Profits Bolster Efforts in U S Washington Post 16 September 2008 Clerics Urge Pardon For Rev Moon Chicago Tribune 21 August 1985 Archived from the original on 22 May 2013 Retrieved 22 March 2012 Arguments Heard in Moon s Appeal The New York Times 24 March 1983 Raspberry William Did Unpopular Moonie Get a Fair Trial The Washington Post 19 April 1984 The Unification Church Aims a Major Public Relations Effort at Christian Leaders Christianity Today 19 April 1985 Moon s financial rise and fall Harvard Crimson 11 October 1984 Hagerty Barbara Bradley 2 September 2012 Rev Moon A Savior To Some Lived A Big Dream NPR org Retrieved 13 November 2021 Kim Jack 2 September 2012 Moon self declared messiah of Unification Church Reuters Retrieved 13 November 2021 Sun Myung Moon Paper Appears in Washington The New York Times 18 May 1982 Hall Mimi 22 March 2001 Bush aides boost access of conservative media USA Today Retrieved 25 July 2009 Glaberson William 27 June 1994 The Media Business Conservative Daily Tries to Expand National Niche The New York Times Retrieved 25 July 2009 New business models for news are not that new Nikki Usher Knight Digital Media Center 2008 12 17 And the Washington Times conservative stance pursues its agenda from the Rev Sun Myung Moon s Unification Church Conservative Daily Tries to Expand National Niche New York Times 27 June 1994 That kind of political access has given The Times after nearly a decade of publication its own genuine if limited place in the capital s rich media mix It s the other half of the political picture and without it I found I would be missing a lot of what was going on in conservative thinking said Stephen G Smith news editor of the Knight Ridder Newspapers bureau here While its circulation is small its influence is out sized But The Washington Times has always been and remains a very expensive and unsuccessful business losing an estimated 35 million a year Part of The Times s problem is being the city s second ranked daily newspaper during a deep advertising recession The market is dominated in circulation and advertising by The Times s more liberal archrival The Washington Post Almost since it was started in 1982 The Times has seen its average weekday circulation hover at about 100 000 compared with nearly 800 000 for The Post And The Times estimates that about two thirds of its subscribers also take The Post Wemple Erik 2 September 2012 As the Rev Moon goes so goes the Washington Times The Washington Post Retrieved 14 November 2012 The Washington Times it notes took in 1 billion in subsidies over its first decade and was a favorite read for President Ronald Reagan Ahrens Frank Moon Speech Raises Old Ghosts as the Times Turns 20 Washington Post 23 May 2002 As of this year Moon and his businesses have plowed about 1 7 billion into subsidizing the Times say current and former employees Chinni Dante 2002 The Other Paper The Washington Times s role Columbia Journalism Review Archived from the original on 19 April 2006 Retrieved 29 April 2006 International religious summit at U N receives criticism Archived 28 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Baptist Press 28 August 2000 Peace Cup South Korea RSSSF Retrieved 14 June 2008 Korean influence PSV s Hiddink hoping to win Peace CupSports Illustrated 21 July 2003 South Korea to host global peace cup in JulySports Illustrated 6 May 2003 Bell Jack 14 July 2003 MetroStars Midfielder Knows About Comebacks The New York Times 文鮮明師夫妻とサッカーの神様ペレ氏 www chojin com Retrieved 28 January 2018 네이버 책 네이버는 책을 사랑합니다 naver com Retrieved 14 October 2009 문선명 자서전 전국 목회자에 발송 Newspower co kr 16 October 2009 Retrieved 9 October 2012 문선명 총재 자서전 100만부 돌파 News mk co kr Archived from the original on 15 July 2012 Retrieved 9 October 2012 신경숙 소설 3위로 상승 News mk co kr Archived from the original on 22 July 2012 Retrieved 9 October 2012 덕혜옹주 4주 연속 1위 4000news com Retrieved 9 October 2012 Sons Rise in a Moon Shadow Forbes 12 April 2010 통일교 과천 교회 박준철 현직 목사 탈퇴 기자 회견 54가지 비리 폭로 in Korean Aspire7 net Retrieved 9 October 2012 통일교 과천 교회 박준철 현직 목사 탈퇴 기자 회견 54가지 비리 폭로 Happyhindol org Archived from the original on 26 November 2013 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Yoon Sangwon 15 August 2012 Unification Church Says Leader Moon Is Gravely Ill Bloomberg L P Retrieved 16 August 2012 The Rev Sun Myung Moon The Daily Telegraph London 3 September 2012 Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Brown Emma 2 September 2012 Sun Myung Moon dies at 92 Washington Times owner led the Unification Church The Washington Post Retrieved 2 September 2012 Sun Myung Moon illness irreversible Unification Church The Raw Story 31 August 2012 Archived from the original on 3 September 2012 Retrieved 4 September 2012 The Rev Sun Myung Moon founder of The Times dies at 92 Washington Times 9 February 2012 Kang Seongbin Chung Jane 15 September 2012 Unification Church head Sun Myung Moon buried in Korea Reuters Retrieved 15 October 2022 Korean denies influence peddling Bangor Daily News Retrieved 21 March 2012 The Way of Restoration April 1972 Moon s Cause Takes Aim at Communism in Americas The Washington Post 28 August 1983 Sun Myung Moon s Followers Recruit Christians to Assist in Battle Against Communism Christianity Today 15 June 1985 Church Spends Millions On Its Image The Washington Post 17 September 1984 Another church political arm Causa International which preaches a philosophy it calls God ism has been spending millions of dollars on expense paid seminars and conferences for Senate staffers Hispanic Americans and conservative activists It also has contributed 500 000 to finance an anticommunist lobbying campaign headed by John T Terry Dolan chairman of the National Conservative Political Action Committee NCPAC Public TV Tilts Toward Conservatives Fairness amp Accuracy in Reporting While conservatives dismiss Bill Moyers world class documentaries on our constitutional checks and balances as propaganda they never mention PBS s airing of unabashed right wing agitprop films such as Nicaragua Was Our Home the pro contra film produced by Rev Sun Myung Moon s CAUSA which funded the contras after Congress ban Scott Peter Dale Marshall Jonathan 1998 Cocaine politics drugs armies and the CIA in Central America Updated ed Updated pbk ed Berkeley University of California Press p 219 ISBN 978 0520214491 Projections about a post Soviet world twenty five years later Goliath Business News a b Washington Times updates style guide conservatives up in arms Salon com 27 February 2008 Archived from the original on 10 February 2009 Retrieved 1 July 2013 a b News and Curiosities Prospect September 2006 mk 뉴스 金장례식에 日여자마술사 초청한 까닭 News mk co kr Archived from the original on 27 November 2013 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Moonies launch political party in S Korea The Independent South Africa 10 March 2003 자유게시판 Unikorea go kr Retrieved 23 May 2012 a b Moon Sun Myung Awarded National Reunification Prize Korean Central News Agency 7 September 2012 archived from the original on 29 July 2014 retrieved 13 September 2012 About the Founders Universal Peace Federation A Global Network of Peacbuilders Retrieved 16 September 2017 Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies PDF Archived from the original PDF on 26 November 2013 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies PDF Archived from the original PDF on 26 November 2013 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies PDF Retrieved 9 October 2012 Ghouse Mike 21 February 2012 Commitment to Israel Palestine Part 2 HuffPost Kempley Rita 17 September 1982 Mooning Over MacArthur The Washington Post p Weekend at the Movies Pg 13 Soccer World News World Roundup cnn com CNN Retrieved 28 January 2018 Eng Monica Delroy Alexander and David Jackson Sushi and Rev Moon How Americans growing appetite for sushi is helping to support his controversial church Chicago Tribune 11 April 2006 Tooth and Claw CAA Alumni berkeley edu 27 June 2010 Archived from the original on 8 January 2013 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Policy Reform and Equity Extending the Benefits of Development PDF usaid gov Retrieved 9 October 2012 Kirk Donald No Not Yet Palaver in Pyongyang doesn t signal a northern manufacturing itch from Korea s conglomerates Archived 16 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine Forbes 29 October 2007 Demick Barbara Who gave N Korea those power tools Los Angeles Times 27 September 2008 National News Briefs Unification Church Head Charged in Fishing Case The New York Times 31 August 2000 a b 여수 거문도에 관광호텔 준공 News jeonnam go kr Archived from the original on 27 November 2013 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Yeosoo EXPO Hotel Maiarc com Archived from the original on 29 October 2013 Retrieved 9 October 2012 도정활동25시 gt 현장스케치 English jeonnam go kr 17 April 2012 Archived from the original on 19 September 2018 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Governmental webpage of Jeju Island Republic of Korea News jeju go kr 3 February 2012 Archived from the original on 25 November 2013 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Finance Today Fntoday co kr 14 January 2009 Retrieved 9 October 2012 2018 Winter Olympics cupress com 27 May 2008 Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Governmental web page of Jeonnam City jeonnam go kr Retrieved 28 January 2018 permanent dead link Football 21 July 2005 West Ham turn their attention to Baros The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Governmental web page of Daegu City daegu go kr Retrieved 28 January 2018 Restoration Through Indemnity And America s Role 23 March 1974 On the tax charges against him in a speech at Foley Square in New York City 22 October 1981 published in a full page advertisement in The New York Times 5 November 1981 as quoted in US Court of Appeals document s U S v Sun Myung Moon 718 F 2d 1210 1983 Raspberry William Did Unpopular Moonie Get a Fair Trial Washington Post 19 April 1984 Gorenfeld John 2008 Bad Moon Rising PoliPointPress p 96 ISBN 978 0 9794822 3 6 Leigh Andrew 15 October 1989 Inside Moon s Washington The private side of public relations improving the image looking for clout The Washington Post p B1 Knight Ridder Newspapers 20 December 1987 Unification Church funnels millions to U S conservatives The Dallas Morning News The Dallas Morning News Company p 4A Hatch Walter 13 February 1989 Big names lend luster to group s causes Church leader gains legitimacy among U S conservatives The Seattle Times Seattle Times Company p A1 Families Arrive in Washington For March Called by Farrakhan New York Times 16 October 2000 Million Family March reaches out to all Archived 28 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Nation of Islam who are they BBC 21 July 2001 Retrieved 10 November 2009 Sewell Rhonda B 28 February 2003 Korean Culture Takes the Stage The Blade p D11 The colors sounds and heritage of South Korea will come alive tonight as the Little Angels an all girls Korean folk ballet company performs in the Ritz Theatre in Tiffin The company was founded in 1962 by the Rev Sun Myung Moon and his wife Hak Ja Han as a way to project a positive image of the country Robertson Allen 29 July 2001 A Small Place Reaches for Ballet s Big Time The New York Times Kim James S 11 March 2015 South Korean Ballerina Hee Seo Dazzles in The Sleeping Beauty Archived 12 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine KoreAm Seoul South Korea Retrieved 1 November 2015 a b c d Sushi and Rev Moon How Americans growing appetite for sushi is helping to support his controversial church Chicago Tribune April 11 2006 Fromson Daniel 5 November 2021 The Untold Story of Sushi in America The New York Times a b Moore Elizabeth Armstrong 14 June 2006 Holy Mackerel wweek com Willamette Week Retrieved 11 December 2022 Moon s church settles into quiet fishing town Rome News Tribune 27 November 1985 permanent dead link Philippines political leader visits Kodiak Kodiak Mirror September 14 2010 Horton Hal Jr 13 July 2000 I m a Moonie and I Love it Archived from the original on 15 May 2003 Unification Church means business with Las Vegas facility Las Vegas Sun 9 2 2011 Innovative Sport Fishing Boat to Be Unveiled in Las Vegas Boating World 8 18 2011 Moon Gets Honorary Degree From Argentine at the U N New York Times 17 November 1984 학교법인 선문학원 제7대 한학자 이사장 취임 대학뉴스 사회 뉴스 한겨레 Hani co kr Retrieved 3 September 2012 Mir Religij Dose Mun Son Myon Religio ru Archived from the original on 9 September 2012 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Ministry of Unification of the Republic of Korea official webpage Unikorea go kr Retrieved 9 October 2012 Around The Nation Divinity School Awards Moon Honorary Degree The New York Times 13 May 1985 Babington Charles Alan Cooperman 23 June 2004 The Rev Moon Honored at Hill Reception Lawmakers Say They Were Misled The Washington Post pp A01 Lawmakers Scurry From the Light The New York Times 27 June 2004 Archived from the original on 13 May 2008 Retrieved 13 February 2017 globalreach com Global Reach Internet Productions LLC Ames IA 1M Sunhak Peace Prize names first two winners www worldfoodprize org Retrieved 18 March 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link 데얀 K리그 MVP 감독상은 최용수 서울 천하 종합 3 December 2012 축구로 세계평화를 고 故 문선명 통일교 총재 K리그 공로패 3 December 2012 North Korean leader extends condolences over 1 yr anniversary of Unification Church founder death Archived 25 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine Yonhap News 20 August 2013 Full Text Tsvangirai Speech in South Korea ZimEye www zimeye org Archived from the original on 1 March 2013 Retrieved 28 January 2018 The Independent Trump gives virtual speech Independent co uk 13 October 2021 Huffington Post Trump hails Unification Church 13 September 2021 a b Rodney Sawatsky 1978 Dialogue with the Moonies Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine Theology Today Mad About Moon Time Magazine 10 November 1975 Daske D and Ashcraft W 2005 New Religious Movements New York New York University Press ISBN 0 8147 0702 5 p142 Yamamoto J 1995 Unification Church Grand Rapids Michigan Zondervan Press ISBN 0 310 70381 6 p40 Walter Ralston Martin Ravi K Zacharias The Kingdom of the Cults Bethany House 2003 ISBN 0764228218 pages 368 370 Helm S Divine Principle and the Second Advent Archived 21 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine Christian Century 11 May 1977 Moon Sun Myung 2011 Chapter three part A Church with No Denomination PDF As a peace loving global citizen Washington D C Washington Times Foundation pp 121 122 ISBN 978 0 615 39377 3 OCLC 638962627 Thomas Ward 2006 Give and Forget The Resurrection of Reverend Moon Frontline PBS 21 January 1992 Archived from the original on 7 January 2011 Sun Myung Moon Changes Robes New York Times 21 January 1992 Spiritual warfare the politics of the Christian right Sara Diamond sociologist 1989 Pluto Press Page 58 Ex aide of Moon Faces Citation for Contempt Associated Press Eugene Register Guard 5 August 1977 excerpt Archived 29 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion Massimo Introvigne 2000 Signature Books Salt Lake City Utah ISBN 1 56085 145 7 From a different perspective it is true that participation of people who are not members of the Unification Church in certain Unificationist activities such as marriage blessings may be of concern to established churches They perceive the possibility that their own members may become confused by their participation in such Unificationist activities and fear that they may in fact end up converting to Unificationism p 59 60 Moon at Twilight Archived 11 April 2001 at the Wayback Machine Peter Maass The New Yorker The campaign has dismayed some church members because a blessing from Moon used to be a hard won privilege typically attained only after a person had joined the church worked in it for several years and agreed to marry someone usually a stranger selected by Moon But grumblings about the blessing campaign are just the beginning of Moon s current troubles Archbishop launches married priests movement wpherald com Archived from the original on 22 December 2007 Retrieved 28 January 2018 John Warwick Montgomery and Thomas J J Altizer The Altizer Montgomery Dialogue A Chapter in the God is Dead Controversy InterVarsity Press Chicago 1967 p 7 Richard L Rubenstein Papers www americanjewisharchives org Archived from the original on 29 July 2012 Retrieved 28 January 2018 Rabbi Joins the Board of Moonie Newspaper The Palm Beach Post 21 May 1978 U of Bridgeport Honors Rev Moon Fiscal Savior New York Times 8 September 1995 The same old game Archived 15 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine Al Ahram 12 18 November 1998 The Washington Times is a mouthpiece for the ultra conservative right unquestioning supporters of Israel s Likud government The newspaper is owned by Sun Myung Moon originally a native of North Korea and head of the Unification Church whose ultra right leanings make him a ready ally for Netanyahu Whether or not Netanyahu is personally acquainted with Moon is unclear though there is no doubt that he has established close friendships with several staff members on The Washington Times whose editorial policy is rabidly anti Arab anti Muslim and pro Israel As U S Media Ownership Shrinks Who Covers Islam Washington Report on Middle East Affairs December 1997 Moon Sun Myung The Family Federation for Cosmic Peace and Unification and the Cosmic Era of the Blessed Family unification net Retrieved 30 November 2015 The Unification Church and Homosexuality www ReligiousTolerance org Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance Archived from the original on 2 August 2003 Retrieved 30 November 2015 Yamazaki Hiroshi 10 August 2009 Is it time for Japan South Korea tunnel UPIAsia com website Archived from the original on 25 January 2010 Retrieved 11 August 2009 Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church Frederick Sontag Abingdon Press 1 January 1977 page 122 The Way of God s Will Chapter 3 Leaders Unification org Archived from the original on 16 July 2011 Retrieved 4 January 2012 Crazy for God Theologytoday ptsem edu Archived from the original on 16 February 2012 Retrieved 4 January 2012 Divine Principle translated 1966 Introduction Archived 28 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine Irving Louis Horowitz Science Sin and Society The Politics of Reverend Moon and the Unification Church Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine 1980 MIT Press Peter Maass Moon at Twilight The New Yorker 14 September 1998 Eugene V Gallagher 2004 The New Religious Movement Experience in America Greenwood Press ISBN 0313328072 page 23 Further reading editBjornstad James 1984 Sun Myung amp the Unification Church Rev ed Minneapolis Minn Bethany House Publishers 57 p N B Rev ed of The Moon Is Not the Sun which had been published in 1976 ISBN 0 87123 301 0 Chryssides George D The Advent of Sun Myung Moon The Origins Beliefs and Practices of the Unification Church 1991 London Macmillan Professional and Academic Ltd Durst Mose 1984 To bigotry no sanction Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church Chicago Regnery Gateway ISBN 978 0 89526 609 5 Fichter Joseph Henry 1985 The holy family of father Moon Kansas City Mo Leaven Press ISBN 978 0 934134 13 2 Gorenfeld John 2008 Bad Moon Rising How Reverend Moon Created the Washington Times Seduced the Religious Right and Built an American Kingdom Sausalito California Polipoint Press ISBN 978 0979482236 Gullery Jonathan 1986 The Path of a pioneer the early days of Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church New York HSA Publications ISBN 978 0 910621 50 2 Hong Nansook 1998 In the Shadow of the Moons Boston Little Brown and Company ISBN 0 316 34816 3 Introvigne M 2000 The Unification Church Salt Lake City UT Signature Books ISBN 1 56085 145 7 Moon Sun Myung 2009 As a Peace Loving Global Citizen Gimm Young Publishers ISBN 978 89 349 3375 5 in Korean Peemoeller Gehard 2011 Bodyguard for Christ Independent Publisher Services ISBN 1450764398 Sherwood Carlton 1991 Inquisition The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon Washington D C Regnery Gateway ISBN 978 0 89526 532 6 Sontag Frederick 1977 Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church Nashville Tenn Abingdon Press ISBN 978 0 687 40622 7 Tingle D and Fordyce R 1979 Phases and Faces of the Moon A Critical Examination of the Unification Church and its Principles Hicksville NY Exposition Press ISBN 0 682 49264 7 Ward Thomas J 2006 March to Moscow the role of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon in the collapse of communism St Paul Minn Paragon House ISBN 978 1 885118 16 5 Yamamoto J Isamu 1995 Unification Church Grand Rapids Michigan Zondervan Publishing House ISBN 0 310 70381 6External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Sun Myung Moon nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sun Myung Moon nbsp Wikisource has original works on the topic Sun Myung Moon Official website of the American Unification Church Archived 1 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine FFWPU USA Family Federation for World Peace and Unification USA Church site Biography in church sponsored encyclopedia Short biography at US church home page Teachings Archived 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine Integrated videos and transcripts Universal Peace Federation founded by Moons in 2005 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sun Myung Moon amp oldid 1189277639, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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