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Jacques Marquette

May 04, 2023

"Pere Marquette" redirects here. For other uses, see Pere Marquette (disambiguation).

Jacques Marquette, S.J. (June 1, 1637 – May 18, 1675),[1] sometimes known as Père Marquette or James Marquette,[2] was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Sainte Marie, and later founded Saint Ignace. In 1673, Marquette, with Louis Jolliet, an explorer born near Quebec City, was the first European to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River Valley.

The Reverend

Jacques Marquette

SJ
1869 portrait of Marquette
Born(1637-06-01)June 1, 1637
Laon, Kingdom of France
DiedMay 18, 1675(1675-05-18) (aged 37)
near Ludington, Michigan
Other namesPere Marquette
Signature

Early life

Jacques Marquette was born in Laon, France, on June 1, 1637. He came of an ancient family distinguished for its civic and military services. Marquette joined the Society of Jesus at age 17.[3] He studied and taught in France for several years, then the Jesuits assigned him to New France in 1666 as a missionary to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. When he arrived in Quebec, he was assigned to Trois-Rivières on the Saint Lawrence River, where he assisted Gabriel Druillettes and, as preliminary to further work, devoted himself to the study of the local languages and became fluent in six different dialects.[4]

Explorations

In 1668, Marquette was moved by his superiors to missions farther up the Saint Lawrence River in the western Great Lakes region. That year he helped Druillettes found the mission at Sault Ste. Marie in present-day Michigan.[5] Other missions were founded at Saint Ignace in 1671 (Mission Saint-Ignace)[3] and at La Pointe on Lake Superior in present-day Wisconsin. At La Pointe, he encountered members of the Illinois tribes, who told him about the important trading route of the Mississippi River. They invited him to teach their people, whose settlements were mostly farther south. Because of wars between the Hurons at La Pointe and the neighboring Lakota people, Marquette left the mission and went to the Straits of Mackinac; he informed his superiors about the rumored river and requested permission to explore it.

 
Pere Marquette and the Indians [at the Mississippi River], oil painting (1869) by Wilhelm Lamprecht (1838–1906), at Marquette University[6]

Leave was granted, and in 1673 Marquette joined the expedition of Louis Jolliet, a French-Canadian explorer. They departed from Saint Ignace on May 17, with two canoes and five voyageurs of French-Indian ancestry.[3] They sailed to Green Bay and up the Fox River, nearly to its headwaters. From there, they were told to portage their canoes a distance of slightly less than two miles through marsh and oak plains to the Wisconsin River. Many years later, at that point, the town of Portage, Wisconsin was built, named for the ancient path between the two rivers. They ventured forth from the portage, and on June 17, they entered the Mississippi near present-day Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin.

 
Map of the discovery made in the year 1673 in North America

The Joliet-Marquette expedition traveled to within 435 miles (700 km) of the Gulf of Mexico but turned back at the mouth of the Arkansas River. By this point, they had encountered several natives carrying European trinkets, and they feared an encounter with explorers or colonists from Spain.[7] They followed the Mississippi back to the mouth of the Illinois River, which they learned from local natives provided a shorter route back to the Great Lakes. They reached Lake Michigan near the site of modern-day Chicago, by way of the Chicago Portage. In September, Marquette stopped at Saint Francis Xavier mission in present-day Green Bay, Wisconsin, while Jolliet returned to Quebec to relate the news of their discoveries.[8]

 
Grave of Jacques Marquette in Saint Ignace, Michigan

Marquette and his party returned to the Illinois territory in late 1674, becoming the first Europeans to winter in what would become the city of Chicago. As welcomed guests of the Illinois Confederation, the explorers were feasted en route and fed ceremonial foods such as sagamite.[9]

Death

In the spring of 1675, Marquette traveled westward and celebrated a public Mass at the Grand Village of the Illinois near Starved Rock. A bout of dysentery he had contracted during the Mississippi expedition sapped his health. On the return trip to Saint Ignace, he died at 37 years of age near the modern town of Ludington, Michigan. After his death, natives from the Illinois Confederation returned his bones to the chapel at Mission Saint-Ignace.[10]

A Michigan Historical Marker at this location reads:

Father Jacques Marquette, the great Jesuit missionary and explorer, died and was buried by two French companions somewhere along the Lake Michigan shore on May 18, 1675. He had been returning to his mission at St. Ignace, which he had left in 1673, to go exploring in the Mississippi country. The exact location of his death has long been a subject of controversy. A spot close to the southeast slope of this hill, near the ancient outlet of the Pere Marquette River, corresponds with the death site as located by early French accounts and maps and a constant tradition of the past. Marquette's remains were reburied at St. Ignace in 1677.[11]

Adjacent to gravesite of Marquette on State Street in downtown Saint Ignace, a building was constructed that now houses the Museum of Ojibwa Culture.

However, a Michigan Historical Marker in Frankfort, MI reads:

Marquette's Death: On May 18, 1675, Father Jacques Marquette, the great Jesuit missionary and explorer, died and was buried by two French companions somewhere along the Lake Michigan shore of the Lower Peninsula. Marquette had been returning to his mission at St. Ignace, which he had left in 1673 to go on an exploring trip to the Mississippi and the Illinois country. The exact location of Marquette's death has long been a subject of controversy. Evidence presented in the 1960s indicates that this site, near the natural outlet of the Betsie River, at the northeast corner of a hill which was here until 1900, is the Marquette death site and that the Betsie is the Rivière du Père Marquette of early French accounts and maps. Marquette's bones were reburied at St. Ignace in 1677.[12]

Legacy

In the early 20th century Marquette was widely celebrated as a Roman Catholic founding father of the region.[13]

Places

Monuments

Marquette is memorialized by various statues, monuments, and historical markers:

Marquette has been honored twice on postage stamps issued by the United States:

  • A one-cent stamp in 1898, part of Trans-Mississippi Issue, which shows him on the Mississippi River;[19] This is the first time a Catholic priest is honored by the U.S. Postal Department.
  • A 6-cent stamp issued September 20, 1968, marking the 300th anniversary of his establishment of the Jesuit mission at Sault Ste. Marie.[20]

Bibliography

  • Donnelly, Joseph P. (1985). Jacques Marquette, S.J. (1637–1675). Chicago: Loyola University Press.

Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Jacques Marquette". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  2. ^ Melody, John. "Archdiocese of Chicago" The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. February 23, 2012
  3. ^ a b c ""Jacques Marquette", Biography". biography.com.
  4. ^ Spalding, Henry. "Jacques Marquette, S.J." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. February 15, 2019
  5. ^ Monet, J., "Marquette, Jacques", Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003
  6. ^ The painting was rendered as an engraving on a US commemorative postage stamp, 1898 (Illustration)
  7. ^ Catton, Bruce (1984). Michigan: A History, p. 14. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-30175-3
  8. ^ Campbell, T.J., "James Marquette", Pioneer priests of North America, 1642-1710, Vol. 3, Fordham University Press, 1910
  9. ^ . wisconsinhistory.org. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013.
  10. ^ . November 3, 2013. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  11. ^ . michmarkers.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2008.
  12. ^ "Marquette's Death".
  13. ^ Katherine D. Moran, The Imperial Church: Catholic Founding Fathers and United States Empire (Cornell University Press, 2020).
  14. ^ "Bibliography on Marquette County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  15. ^ "Focus on our history: How county was named". Ludington Daily News. October 3, 1987. p. 2. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  16. ^ "Home | Marquette Transportation Company". marquettetrans.com. Marquette Transportation Company LLC. 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  17. ^ . wisconsinhistory.org. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013.
  18. ^ Chicago Public Library. About Legler Branch.
  19. ^ Haimann, Alexander T., "Arago: people, postage & the post. 1-cent Marquette on the Mississippi". National Postal Museum. Accessed May 2, 2017.
  20. ^ Tessa Sabol. "Trans-Mississippi Exposition Commemorative Stamp Issue and National Identity at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." National Postal Museum. Accessed May 2, 2017.

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Jacques Marquette, S.J.". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

External links

  Media related to Jacques Marquette at Wikimedia Commons

  • Iconographic sources of jesuit father Jacques Marquette fictitious portraits, Web Robert Derome, Professeur honoraire d'histoire de l'art, Université du Québec à Montréal.
  • The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents 1610 to 1791, including Marquette's journal (Chapters CXXXVI – CXXXVIII)
  • Thwaites, Reuben G. Father Marquette New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1902.

May 04, 2023
jacques, marquette, pere, marquette, redirects, here, other, uses, pere, marquette, disambiguation, june, 1637, 1675, sometimes, known, père, marquette, james, marquette, french, jesuit, missionary, founded, michigan, first, european, settlement, sault, sainte. Pere Marquette redirects here For other uses see Pere Marquette disambiguation Jacques Marquette S J June 1 1637 May 18 1675 1 sometimes known as Pere Marquette or James Marquette 2 was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan s first European settlement Sault Sainte Marie and later founded Saint Ignace In 1673 Marquette with Louis Jolliet an explorer born near Quebec City was the first European to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River Valley The ReverendJacques MarquetteSJ1869 portrait of MarquetteBorn 1637 06 01 June 1 1637Laon Kingdom of FranceDiedMay 18 1675 1675 05 18 aged 37 near Ludington MichiganOther namesPere MarquetteSignature Contents 1 Early life 2 Explorations 3 Death 4 Legacy 4 1 Places 4 2 Monuments 5 Bibliography 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 Notes 9 External linksEarly life EditJacques Marquette was born in Laon France on June 1 1637 He came of an ancient family distinguished for its civic and military services Marquette joined the Society of Jesus at age 17 3 He studied and taught in France for several years then the Jesuits assigned him to New France in 1666 as a missionary to the indigenous peoples of the Americas When he arrived in Quebec he was assigned to Trois Rivieres on the Saint Lawrence River where he assisted Gabriel Druillettes and as preliminary to further work devoted himself to the study of the local languages and became fluent in six different dialects 4 Explorations EditIn 1668 Marquette was moved by his superiors to missions farther up the Saint Lawrence River in the western Great Lakes region That year he helped Druillettes found the mission at Sault Ste Marie in present day Michigan 5 Other missions were founded at Saint Ignace in 1671 Mission Saint Ignace 3 and at La Pointe on Lake Superior in present day Wisconsin At La Pointe he encountered members of the Illinois tribes who told him about the important trading route of the Mississippi River They invited him to teach their people whose settlements were mostly farther south Because of wars between the Hurons at La Pointe and the neighboring Lakota people Marquette left the mission and went to the Straits of Mackinac he informed his superiors about the rumored river and requested permission to explore it Pere Marquette and the Indians at the Mississippi River oil painting 1869 by Wilhelm Lamprecht 1838 1906 at Marquette University 6 Leave was granted and in 1673 Marquette joined the expedition of Louis Jolliet a French Canadian explorer They departed from Saint Ignace on May 17 with two canoes and five voyageurs of French Indian ancestry 3 They sailed to Green Bay and up the Fox River nearly to its headwaters From there they were told to portage their canoes a distance of slightly less than two miles through marsh and oak plains to the Wisconsin River Many years later at that point the town of Portage Wisconsin was built named for the ancient path between the two rivers They ventured forth from the portage and on June 17 they entered the Mississippi near present day Prairie du Chien Wisconsin Map of the discovery made in the year 1673 in North America The Joliet Marquette expedition traveled to within 435 miles 700 km of the Gulf of Mexico but turned back at the mouth of the Arkansas River By this point they had encountered several natives carrying European trinkets and they feared an encounter with explorers or colonists from Spain 7 They followed the Mississippi back to the mouth of the Illinois River which they learned from local natives provided a shorter route back to the Great Lakes They reached Lake Michigan near the site of modern day Chicago by way of the Chicago Portage In September Marquette stopped at Saint Francis Xavier mission in present day Green Bay Wisconsin while Jolliet returned to Quebec to relate the news of their discoveries 8 Grave of Jacques Marquette in Saint Ignace Michigan Marquette and his party returned to the Illinois territory in late 1674 becoming the first Europeans to winter in what would become the city of Chicago As welcomed guests of the Illinois Confederation the explorers were feasted en route and fed ceremonial foods such as sagamite 9 Death EditIn the spring of 1675 Marquette traveled westward and celebrated a public Mass at the Grand Village of the Illinois near Starved Rock A bout of dysentery he had contracted during the Mississippi expedition sapped his health On the return trip to Saint Ignace he died at 37 years of age near the modern town of Ludington Michigan After his death natives from the Illinois Confederation returned his bones to the chapel at Mission Saint Ignace 10 A Michigan Historical Marker at this location reads Father Jacques Marquette the great Jesuit missionary and explorer died and was buried by two French companions somewhere along the Lake Michigan shore on May 18 1675 He had been returning to his mission at St Ignace which he had left in 1673 to go exploring in the Mississippi country The exact location of his death has long been a subject of controversy A spot close to the southeast slope of this hill near the ancient outlet of the Pere Marquette River corresponds with the death site as located by early French accounts and maps and a constant tradition of the past Marquette s remains were reburied at St Ignace in 1677 11 Adjacent to gravesite of Marquette on State Street in downtown Saint Ignace a building was constructed that now houses the Museum of Ojibwa Culture However a Michigan Historical Marker in Frankfort MI reads Marquette s Death On May 18 1675 Father Jacques Marquette the great Jesuit missionary and explorer died and was buried by two French companions somewhere along the Lake Michigan shore of the Lower Peninsula Marquette had been returning to his mission at St Ignace which he had left in 1673 to go on an exploring trip to the Mississippi and the Illinois country The exact location of Marquette s death has long been a subject of controversy Evidence presented in the 1960s indicates that this site near the natural outlet of the Betsie River at the northeast corner of a hill which was here until 1900 is the Marquette death site and that the Betsie is the Riviere du Pere Marquette of early French accounts and maps Marquette s bones were reburied at St Ignace in 1677 12 Legacy EditIn the early 20th century Marquette was widely celebrated as a Roman Catholic founding father of the region 13 Places Edit Marquette County Michigan 14 Marquette County Wisconsin Several communities including Marquette Michigan Marquette Wisconsin Marquette Iowa Marquette Illinois Marquette Heights Illinois Pere Marquette Charter Township Michigan 15 and Marquette Manitoba Marquette University and Marquette University High School in Milwaukee Wisconsin Marquette Island in Lake Huron Lake Marquette in Minnesota Marquette Lake in Quebec Pere Marquette River and Pere Marquette Lake which drain into Lake Michigan at Ludington Michigan Marquette River in Quebec Pere Marquette River in Michigan Pere Marquette Park in Milwaukee WI Pere Marquette State Park near Grafton Illinois Marquette Catholic High School Alton IL Marquette Park Chicago Illinois Hotel Pere Marquette Peoria Illinois Marquette Park Gary Indiana Marquette Park Mackinac Island Michigan Marquette Park St Louis Missouri Pere Marquette Beach a public beach in Muskegon Michigan Pere Marquette State Forest in Michigan The Pere Marquette Railway Cite Marquette former US City Base 1956 1966 built by Americans based on the NATO Air Force Base in Couvron 38th Bombardment Wing Laon France his birthplace Marquette Transportation Company a towboat company using a silhouette of the Pere in his canoe as their emblem 16 Marquette Building in Chicago Marquette Building in Detroit Marquette Building in Saint Louis Missouri Pere Marquette Hotel in Peoria Illinois Marquette Avenue a large street in Minneapolis Minnesota Monuments Edit Marquette is memorialized by various statues monuments and historical markers Father Marquette National Memorial near Saint Ignace Michigan 17 Chicago Portage National Historic Site along with Louis Jolliet near Lyons Illinois Statues have been erected to Marquette various locations including at Detroit Michigan Fort Mackinac Michigan Marquette Michigan Milwaukee at Marquette University Prairie du Chien Wisconsin Utica Illinois Laon France the National Statuary Hall of the United States Capitol the Quebec Parliament Building The Legler Branch of the Chicago Public Library displays Wilderness Winter River Scene a restored mural by Midwestern artist R Fayerweather Babcock The mural depicts Marquette and Native Americans trading by a river Commissioned for Legler Branch in 1934 the mural was funded by the Works Projects Administration 18 Marquette has been honored twice on postage stamps issued by the United States A one cent stamp in 1898 part of Trans Mississippi Issue which shows him on the Mississippi River 19 This is the first time a Catholic priest is honored by the U S Postal Department A 6 cent stamp issued September 20 1968 marking the 300th anniversary of his establishment of the Jesuit mission at Sault Ste Marie 20 Bibliography EditDonnelly Joseph P 1985 Jacques Marquette S J 1637 1675 Chicago Loyola University Press Gallery Edit Sketch of Marquette Ca 1681 map of Marquette and Jolliet s 1673 expedition Marquette on the Mississippi 1898 issue Marquette explorer 1968 issue Michigan Historical Marker Marquette s Death Memorial to Marquette in his birthplace of Laon France Gaetano Trentanove s Marquette statue at the United States Capitol Alfred Laliberte s Marquette sculpture at Quebec Parliament Building Statue of Marquette in Detroit Michigan Statue of Marquette at Fort Mackinac Statue of Marquette in Marquette Michigan Statue of Marquette in Prairie du Chien Wisconsin Marker commemorating Marquette s wintering location in 1674 75 today in Chicago Pere Marquette Memorial in Utica Illinois Portrait of Marquette at the National Mississippi River Museum amp AquariumSee also Edit Catholicism portal France portal North America portal History portalJacques Marquette sculpture a 2005 public art work by artist Ronald Knepper Pere Jacques Marquette Queoff a 1987 public art work by Tom Queoff Sagamite Marquette disambiguation for other places buildings and geographic objects named after Marquette Chicago Portage Chicago Portage National Historic SiteNotes Edit Jacques Marquette Encyclopaedia Britannica Melody John Archdiocese of Chicago The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 3 New York Robert Appleton Company 1908 February 23 2012 a b c Jacques Marquette Biography biography com Spalding Henry Jacques Marquette S J The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 9 New York Robert Appleton Company 1910 February 15 2019 Monet J Marquette Jacques Dictionary of Canadian Biography vol 1 University of Toronto Universite Laval 2003 The painting was rendered as an engraving on a US commemorative postage stamp 1898 Illustration Catton Bruce 1984 Michigan A History p 14 W W Norton amp Company ISBN 0 393 30175 3 Campbell T J James Marquette Pioneer priests of North America 1642 1710 Vol 3 Fordham University Press 1910 Odd Wisconsin Archive Beer and Sweet Corn wisconsinhistory org Archived from the original on September 21 2013 Marquette Jacques 1637 1675 November 3 2013 Archived from the original on November 3 2013 Retrieved February 2 2021 Michigan Historical Markers michmarkers com Archived from the original on March 31 2009 Retrieved July 26 2008 Marquette s Death Katherine D Moran The Imperial Church Catholic Founding Fathers and United States Empire Cornell University Press 2020 Bibliography on Marquette County Clarke Historical Library Central Michigan University Retrieved January 20 2013 Focus on our history How county was named Ludington Daily News October 3 1987 p 2 Retrieved April 30 2015 Home Marquette Transportation Company marquettetrans com Marquette Transportation Company LLC 2015 Retrieved May 7 2015 Term Marquette Jacques 1637 1675 wisconsinhistory org Archived from the original on November 3 2013 Chicago Public Library About Legler Branch Haimann Alexander T Arago people postage amp the post 1 cent Marquette on the Mississippi National Postal Museum Accessed May 2 2017 Tessa Sabol Trans Mississippi Exposition Commemorative Stamp Issue and National Identity at the Turn of the Twentieth Century National Postal Museum Accessed May 2 2017 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Jacques Marquette S J Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company External links Edit Media related to Jacques Marquette at Wikimedia Commons Iconographic sources of jesuit father Jacques Marquette fictitious portraits Web Robert Derome Professeur honoraire d histoire de l art Universite du Quebec a Montreal The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents 1610 to 1791 including Marquette s journal Chapters CXXXVI CXXXVIII Thwaites Reuben G Father Marquette New York D Appleton amp Company 1902 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jacques Marquette amp oldid 1145978013, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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