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Kayan language (Borneo)

Kayan (Kajan, Kayan proper) is a dialect cluster spoken by the Kayan people of Borneo. It is a cluster of closely related dialects with limited mutual intelligibility, and is itself part of the Kayan-Murik group of Austronesian languages.

Kayan
Kajan
Native toIndonesia, Malaysia
RegionBorneo
EthnicityKayan people
Native speakers
(35,000 cited 1981–2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
xay – Kayan Mahakam
kys – Baram Kayan
bfg – Busang Kayan
xkn – Kayan River Kayan
xkd – Mendalam Kayan
ree – Rejang Kayan
whu – Wahau Kayan
bhv – Bahau
Glottologkaya1323  Kayan Proper
kaya1325  Kayan River Kayan
reja1241  Rejang Kayan

Baram Kayan is a local trade language.[further explanation needed] Bahau is part of the dialect cluster, but is not ethnically Kayan.

Phonology

The following is based on the Baram dialect:

Consonants

  • /r/ can be heard as either a tap [ɾ] or a trill [r] in free variation.
  • /k/ can be heard as [x] when in free fluctuation with [k] in word-medial position.
  • /ɲ, ŋ/ can be realized as more fronted [ɲ̟, ŋ̟] when preceding high vocoids.
  • /dʒ/ may also be heard as a palatalized stop [dʲ] in free fluctuation.
  • /s/ may also be heard as [ʃ] in free variation, and may also fluctuate to a stop sound [tʃ].

Vowels

  • Length [Vː] is said to occur in free variation or in word-final position.
  • /i/ can be heard as [ɪ] in initial or medial positions, or in free variation with [i].
  • /ə/ can also be heard as [ɘ] in word-medial position.
  • /a/ can be heard as [ɐ] before a medial or final /ʔ/ or /h/.
  • /ɔ/ can be heard as [o] when before a /ʔ/ or /h/, or in fluctuation with [ɔ].[2]

External links

  1. ^ Kayan Mahakam at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Baram Kayan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Busang Kayan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Kayan River Kayan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Mendalam Kayan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Rejang Kayan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
  2. ^ Cubit, L. E. (1964). Kayan phonemics. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 120. pp. 409–423.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)



kayan, language, borneo, unrelated, kayan, language, spoken, kayan, people, burma, padaung, language, kayan, kajan, kayan, proper, dialect, cluster, spoken, kayan, people, borneo, cluster, closely, related, dialects, with, limited, mutual, intelligibility, its. For the unrelated Kayan language spoken by the Kayan people of Burma see Padaung language Kayan Kajan Kayan proper is a dialect cluster spoken by the Kayan people of Borneo It is a cluster of closely related dialects with limited mutual intelligibility and is itself part of the Kayan Murik group of Austronesian languages KayanKajanNative toIndonesia MalaysiaRegionBorneoEthnicityKayan peopleNative speakers 35 000 cited 1981 2007 1 Language familyAustronesian Malayo PolynesianKayan MurikModang KayanKayanLanguage codesISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code xay class extiw title iso639 3 xay xay a Kayan Mahakam a href https iso639 3 sil org code kys class extiw title iso639 3 kys kys a Baram Kayan a href https iso639 3 sil org code bfg class extiw title iso639 3 bfg bfg a Busang Kayan a href https iso639 3 sil org code xkn class extiw title iso639 3 xkn xkn a Kayan River Kayan a href https iso639 3 sil org code xkd class extiw title iso639 3 xkd xkd a Mendalam Kayan a href https iso639 3 sil org code ree class extiw title iso639 3 ree ree a Rejang Kayan a href https iso639 3 sil org code whu class extiw title iso639 3 whu whu a Wahau Kayan a href https iso639 3 sil org code bhv class extiw title iso639 3 bhv bhv a BahauGlottologkaya1323 Kayan Properkaya1325 Kayan River Kayanreja1241 Rejang KayanBaram Kayan is a local trade language further explanation needed Bahau is part of the dialect cluster but is not ethnically Kayan Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Consonants 1 2 Vowels 2 External linksPhonology EditThe following is based on the Baram dialect Consonants Edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalNasal m n ɲ ŋPlosive Affricate voiceless p t tʃ k ʔtense tː kːvoiced b d dʒ gFricative b s ʃ hTap Trill rLateral lApproximant w j r can be heard as either a tap ɾ or a trill r in free variation k can be heard as x when in free fluctuation with k in word medial position ɲ ŋ can be realized as more fronted ɲ ŋ when preceding high vocoids dʒ may also be heard as a palatalized stop dʲ in free fluctuation s may also be heard as ʃ in free variation and may also fluctuate to a stop sound tʃ Vowels Edit Front Central BackClose i uMid ɛ e ɔOpen aLength Vː is said to occur in free variation or in word final position i can be heard as ɪ in initial or medial positions or in free variation with i e can also be heard as ɘ in word medial position a can be heard as ɐ before a medial or final ʔ or h ɔ can be heard as o when before a ʔ or h or in fluctuation with ɔ 2 External links Edit Kayan Mahakam at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Baram Kayan at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Busang Kayan at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Kayan River Kayan at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Mendalam Kayan at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Rejang Kayan at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Additional references under Language codes in the information box Cubit L E 1964 Kayan phonemics Bijdragen tot de Taal Land en Volkenkunde 120 pp 409 423 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for Kayan This Austronesian languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kayan language Borneo amp oldid 1125028478, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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