In China, Hani is spoken mostly in areas to the east of the Mekong River in south-central Yunnan province, mostly in Pu'er and Honghe prefectures, as well as in parts of other surrounding prefectures. Hani is also spoken in Lai Châu and Lào Cai provinces of northwestern Vietnam and in Phongsaly Province of Laos along the border with Yunnan.
Edmondson (2002) reports that the Hani of Vietnam are distributed in two provinces of northwestern Vietnam where two distinct dialects are found, one east of Muong Te and the other to the west. The Hani of Vietnam claim to be able to communicate in the Hani language with ethnic Hani from different areas of Vietnam despite significant geographical barriers. Edmondson (2002) reports that the different Hani speech varieties in Vietnam differ mostly in lexicon.
PhonologyEdit
Hani has three main tones and two types of short vowels.
Sign for the Lihaozhai Township High School, in Jianshui County, Yunnan, written in Hani (alphabetic), Yi (syllabic) and Chinese. The Chinese, if transcribed in Hanyu Pinyin, would be Jianshuixian Lihaozhai zhongxue.
Oral tradition tells of an ancient written script for Hani but says it was lost when the Hani migrated from Sichuan. In China, Standard Hani, which is based on the Lüchun County dialect, is written using a Latin-based script developed by the Chinese government during the 1950s. As with the Latin-based scripts of the Zhuang, Hmong and Iu Mien languages, it uses final consonant letters to represent tone.
Consonants in Hani orthography are pronounced the same as in pinyin, with two additional digraphs for voiced fricatives in Hani. The IPA equivalents for letters in Hani orthography are provided below.[3]
There are four tones, which are marked by letters at the ends of words, or not at all for the mid-level [33].[3]Numerical Chao tones are provided below.
Aqsol liq yoqdeivq yoqpyuq bo, meeqyaovq ssolnei colpyuq qiq kov dei. Davqtavcolssaq neenyuq bel neema meeq ya siq, laongaoq meilnaol nadul meil e gaq ssol hhyul hha bavqduv nia.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Edmondson, Jerold A. (2002). "The Central and Southern Loloish Languages of Vietnam". In Chew, Patrick (ed.). Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics. Berkeley Linguistics Society. pp. 1–13. doi:10.3765/bls.v28i2.1042.
Li, Yongsui 李永燧; Wang, Ersong 王尔松 (1986). Hāníyǔ jiǎnzhì 哈尼语简志 [A Sketch of the Hani Language] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
Tạ Văn Thông, Lê Đông (2001). Tiếng Hà Nhì (in Vietnamese). Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản văn hóa dân tộc.
Yang, Shihua 杨世华; Bai, Bibo 白碧波 (2003). Yùxī Hānízú wénhuà yánjiū 玉溪哈尼族文化研究 [A Study of the Culture of the Hani People of Yuxi City] (in Chinese). Kunming shi: Yunnan minzu chubanshe. ISBN7-5367-2652-X.
Zhang, Peizhi 张佩芝 (1998). Hāníyǔ Hā-Yǎ fāngyán tǔyǔ cíhuì duìzhào 哈尼语哈雅方言土语词汇对照 [Comparative Vocabulary Lists of the Ha-Ya Dialects of the Hani Language] (in Chinese). Kunming: Yunnan minzu chubanshe.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hani language.
Hani language recordings at GlobalRecordings.net
with comparison with related languages (in Japanese)
September 27, 2023
hani, language, more, inclusive, grouping, languages, spoken, hani, nationality, china, hani, haqniqdoq, xa31, ɲi31, simplified, chinese, 哈尼语, traditional, chinese, 哈尼語, pinyin, hāníyǔ, vietnamese, tiếng, nhì, language, loloish, branch, tibeto, burman, linguis. For the more inclusive grouping of all languages spoken by the Hani nationality of China see Hani languages The Hani language Hani Haqniqdoq or xa31 ɲi31 simplified Chinese 哈尼语 traditional Chinese 哈尼語 pinyin Haniyǔ Vietnamese Tiếng Ha Nhi is a language of the Loloish Yi branch of the Tibeto Burman linguistic group spoken in China Laos Myanmar and Vietnam by the Hani people HaniHaqniqdoqNative toLaos Myanmar South China VietnamEthnicityHaniNative speakers1 800 000 2007 1999 1995 1 Language familySino Tibetan Tibeto Burman Lolo BurmeseLoloishSouthernHanoidHaniLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code hni class extiw title iso639 3 hni hni a Glottologhani1248 Contents 1 Distribution 2 Phonology 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 3 Orthography 3 1 Sample text 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksDistribution EditIn China Hani is spoken mostly in areas to the east of the Mekong River in south central Yunnan province mostly in Pu er and Honghe prefectures as well as in parts of other surrounding prefectures Hani is also spoken in Lai Chau and Lao Cai provinces of northwestern Vietnam and in Phongsaly Province of Laos along the border with Yunnan Edmondson 2002 reports that the Hani of Vietnam are distributed in two provinces of northwestern Vietnam where two distinct dialects are found one east of Muong Te and the other to the west The Hani of Vietnam claim to be able to communicate in the Hani language with ethnic Hani from different areas of Vietnam despite significant geographical barriers Edmondson 2002 reports that the different Hani speech varieties in Vietnam differ mostly in lexicon Phonology EditHani has three main tones and two types of short vowels Consonants Edit Consonants of the Luchun dialect Labial Alveolar Alveolo palatal Velarplain pal plain sibilantPlosive Affricate voiceless p pʲ t ts tɕ kaspirated pʰ pʰʲ tʰ tsʰ tɕʰ kʰvoiced b bʲ d dz dʑ ɡFricative voiceless f s ɕ xvoiced z ɣNasal m mʲ n ȵ ŋApproximant l jVowels Edit Vowel length in Hani is also distinctive 2 Vowels of the Luchun dialect Front Central BackHigh i ɯ uMid e o ɤ oɔLow aSyllabic ɹ Front BackDiphthong Close ueMid ie iɤ iɔOpen ia uaOrthography Edit nbsp Sign for the Lihaozhai Township High School in Jianshui County Yunnan written in Hani alphabetic Yi syllabic and Chinese The Chinese if transcribed in Hanyu Pinyin would be Jianshuixian Lihaozhai zhongxue Oral tradition tells of an ancient written script for Hani but says it was lost when the Hani migrated from Sichuan In China Standard Hani which is based on the Luchun County dialect is written using a Latin based script developed by the Chinese government during the 1950s As with the Latin based scripts of the Zhuang Hmong and Iu Mien languages it uses final consonant letters to represent tone Consonants in Hani orthography are pronounced the same as in pinyin with two additional digraphs for voiced fricatives in Hani The IPA equivalents for letters in Hani orthography are provided below 3 Hani IPAhh ɣss zThe vowels in Hani orthography are as follows 3 After vowels v is used to mark tense vowels Hani IPAa aao ɔe ɤee ɯei ei io ou uyu oii ɨThere are four tones which are marked by letters at the ends of words or not at all for the mid level 33 3 Numerical Chao tones are provided below Hani IPAl 55 high level none 33 mid level q 31 low falling f 24 rising Sample text Edit Hani EnglishAqsol liq yoqdeivq yoqpyuq bo meeqyaovq ssolnei colpyuq qiq kov dei Davqtavcolssaq neenyuq bel neema meeq ya siq laongaoq meilnaol nadul meil e gaq ssol hhyul hha bavqduv nia All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood See also EditHani languagesNotes Edit Hani at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Li amp Wang 1986 pp 3 16 a b c Zhang 1998 References EditEdmondson Jerold A 2002 The Central and Southern Loloish Languages of Vietnam In Chew Patrick ed Proceedings of the Twenty Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society Special Session on Tibeto Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics Berkeley Linguistics Society pp 1 13 doi 10 3765 bls v28i2 1042 Li Yongsui 李永燧 Wang Ersong 王尔松 1986 Haniyǔ jiǎnzhi 哈尼语简志 A Sketch of the Hani Language in Chinese Beijing Minzu chubanshe Tạ Văn Thong Le Đong 2001 Tiếng Ha Nhi in Vietnamese Ha Nội Nha xuất bản văn hoa dan tộc Yang Shihua 杨世华 Bai Bibo 白碧波 2003 Yuxi Hanizu wenhua yanjiu 玉溪哈尼族文化研究 A Study of the Culture of the Hani People of Yuxi City in Chinese Kunming shi Yunnan minzu chubanshe ISBN 7 5367 2652 X Zhang Peizhi 张佩芝 1998 Haniyǔ Ha Yǎ fangyan tǔyǔ cihui duizhao 哈尼语哈雅方言土语词汇对照 Comparative Vocabulary Lists of the Ha Ya Dialects of the Hani Language in Chinese Kunming Yunnan minzu chubanshe External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hani language Hani language recordings at GlobalRecordings net Hani Japanese wordlist with comparison with related languages in Japanese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hani language amp oldid 1172700598, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
