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Fort Wayne, Indiana

February 05, 2023

"Fort Wayne" redirects here. For other uses, see Fort Wayne (disambiguation).

Fort Wayne is a city in and the county seat of Allen County, Indiana, United States.[10] Located in northeastern Indiana, the city is 18 miles (29 km) west of the Ohio border[11] and 50 miles (80 km) south of the Michigan border.[12] The city's population was 263,886 as of the 2020 Census, making it the second-most populous city in Indiana after Indianapolis, and the 76th-most populous city in the United States.[13] It is the principal city of the Fort Wayne metropolitan area, consisting of Allen and Whitley counties which had an estimated population of 423,038 as of 2021.[14] Fort Wayne is the cultural and economic center of northeastern Indiana. In addition to the two core counties, the combined statistical area (CSA) includes Adams, DeKalb, Huntington, Noble, Steuben, and Wells counties, with an estimated population of 649,105 in 2021.[15]

Fort Wayne, Indiana
City
Downtown Fort Wayne skyline
Historic Fort Wayne
Old City Hall
Allen County Courthouse and Lincoln Bank Tower
John Chapman's grave in Johnny Appleseed Park
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Bridge
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
"Summit City";[1] "City of Churches";[2] "City That Saved Itself";[3][4] "Magnet Wire Capital of the World"[5][6]
Motto: 
Kekionga
Interactive map outlining Fort Wayne
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Location of Fort Wayne in the United States
Coordinates: 41°04′50″N 85°08′21″W / 41.08056°N 85.13917°W / 41.08056; -85.13917Coordinates: 41°04′50″N 85°08′21″W / 41.08056°N 85.13917°W / 41.08056; -85.13917
Country United States
State Indiana
CountyAllen
TownshipsAboite, Adams, Perry, Pleasant, St. Joseph, Washington, Wayne
FoundingOctober 22, 1794
Incorporated (town)January 3, 1829
Incorporated (city)February 22, 1840
Founded byJean François Hamtramck
Named forAnthony Wayne
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • MayorTom Henry (D)
 • BodyFort Wayne City Council
 • State House
Representatives
 • State Senate
Senators
Area
[7]
 • City110.79 sq mi (286.95 km2)
 • Land110.57 sq mi (286.38 km2)
 • Water0.22 sq mi (0.56 km2)
 • Urban
135.25 sq mi (350.3 km2)
 • Metro
1,368 sq mi (3,540 km2)
Elevation
810 ft (247 m)
Population
 (2021)[8]
 • City265,974
 • RankUS: 84th
 • Density2,400/sq mi (930/km2)
 • Urban
335,934 (US: 121st)
 • Urban density2,053.4/sq mi (792.8/km2)
 • Metro
423,038 (US: 130th)
 • CSA
649,105 (US: 79th)
DemonymFort Wayner
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
ZIP codes
  • 46774, 46802–46809, 46814–46816, 46818, 46819, 46825, 46835, 46845, 46850
Area code260
FIPS code18-25000
GNIS feature ID0434689[9]
Websitewww.cityoffortwayne.org

Fort Wayne was built in 1794 by the United States Army under the direction of American Revolutionary War general Anthony Wayne, the last in a series of forts built near the Miami village of Kekionga.[16] Named in Wayne's honor, the European-American settlement developed at the confluence of the St. Joseph, St. Marys, and Maumee rivers, known originally as Fort Miami, a trading post constructed by Jean Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes around 1706.[17][18] The modern city was platted in 1823 following its revitalization after the War of 1812 and its siege. It underwent tremendous growth after completion of the Wabash and Erie Canal and advent of the railroad.[18] Once a booming manufacturing town located in what became known as the Rust Belt, Fort Wayne's economy in the 21st century is based upon distribution, transportation and logistics; healthcare, professional and business services; leisure and hospitality, and financial services.[19] The city is a center for the defense industry which employs 1-2% of the population.[20]

Fort Wayne was an All-America City Award recipient in 1983, 1998, 2009, and 2021.[21] The city also received an Outstanding Achievement City Livability Award by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1999.[22]

History

Main articles: Kekionga, Fort Miami (Indiana), Fort Wayne (fort)

Early history

The indigenous people and New France

 
An illustrated map of Kekionga (1790)
 
Little Turtle
 
Anthony Wayne

Original settlement and French control (1706-1760)

This area here on the river confluence was long occupied by successive cultures of indigenous peoples. The Miami tribe established its settlement of Kekionga at the confluence of the Maumee, St. Joseph, and St. Marys rivers. It was the capital of the Miami nation and related Algonquian tribes.[a]

In 1696, Comte de Frontenac appointed Jean Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes, who began visiting Kekionga in 1702, and would later build the original Fort Miami around 1706; Initially, a small trading outpost.[17] It was part of a group of forts and trading posts built between Quebec and St. Louis. The first census in 1744 recorded a population of approximately 40 Frenchmen and 1,000 Miamians.[25]

From the British back to the Miami (1760-1794)

Increasing tension between France and Great Britain developed over control of the territory. In 1760, France ceded the area to Britain after its forces in North America surrendered during the Seven Years' War, known on the North American front as the French and Indian War. Managing to hold down the fort for only a mere couple of years, the British lost control of it in 1763 when various Native American nations rebelled against British rule and retook the fort as part of Pontiac's Rebellion. From this point forward in 1763, no active fort would exist at Kekionga for the next three decades until American General Anthony Wayne would go on to establish Fort Wayne in 1794, following the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The fort throughout this period was described as a, "Defiant mixture of Indian warriors and lawless renegades of the frontier, such as the Girties. It was also the home of a heterogeneous population of English and French traders and their families, French 'engages", and Miami, Delaware and Shawnee tribes."[26]

In 1772, the British would regain influence over the village after Sir William Johnson suggested to the government that the fort be reoccupied.[17] The mixed population of the Kekionga area had moved past antipathy with the British by this point, and accepted their friendship. In 1776, Officer Jacques LaSalle moved into the village to conduct strict supervision on behalf of the British government, ensuring that the natives remained loyal to the British, and to check passports with travelers coming down from Fort Detroit.[27]

US battles Native Americans

In the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American war for independence, Britain transferred to the new United States its claim of sovereignty over the Northwest Territory—the area north and west of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and south of British Canada. The Indigenous people already living there, though, were not part of that treaty and did not cede their ownership of those lands. American land speculators and pioneers began flooding down the Ohio River into the area, leading to conflict with an alliance of native tribes known as the Western Confederacy. It was headquartered at Kekionga, where the Miami had permitted two refugee tribes dislodged by white homesteaders, the Delaware and the Shawnee, to resettle. The confederacy—which included other Great Lakes and Algonquin tribes as well—began sending war parties to raid settlers, hoping to drive them back across the Appalachian Mountains, and refused to meet for negotiations over a possible treaty to instead cede land for white settlement. The growing violence led to the Northwest Indian War.

In 1790, President George Washington ordered the United States Army to conquer and pacify the tribes. The first expedition, led by General Josiah Harmar reached Kekionga and burned it, but was then driven off by confederacy warriors led by the Miami war chief Little Turtle. The confederacy attacked the second invading force, led in 1791 by General Arthur St. Clair, before it could get that far and wiped it out, in a massacre known as St. Clair's Defeat at modern-day Fort Recovery, Ohio. General Anthony Wayne led a third expedition, defeating the confederacy's warriors at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, near modern-day Toledo, Ohio on August 20, 1794. Wayne's men then marched up the Maumee River, systematically burning evacuated native towns, crops and winter food stores, until they reached its headwaters, where Kekionga remained in ruins. Wayne ordered Fort Wayne built there to permanently occupy the area.

The following year, Wayne negotiated a peace accord, the Treaty of Greenville with tribal leaders, in which they agreed to stop fighting and ceded most of what is now Ohio along with certain tracts further west, including the area around Fort Wayne encompassing Kekionga and the land portage. Wayne promised the remainder would remain Indian lands, which is why the territory west of Ohio was named Indiana. In subsequent years, the government used Fort Wayne to hand out annual payments under the treaty. But in a recurring cycle, the tribes ran up debts to white traders who came there to sell them alcohol and manufactured goods, and the government pushed tribal leaders—including through bribes—to sell more reservation land to pay off those debts and, when the land was gone, then to agree to have the tribe removed to the Far West. [28]

A United States fur trade factory was established here in 1802. It was burned by the local Indians at the beginning of the War of 1812.[29]

Settlement permitted by Treaty of St. Mary's

 
An illustration depicting the 1812 military garrison

The first settlement started in 1815. In 1819, the military garrison abandoned the fort and moved to Detroit. In 1822, a federal land office opened to sell land ceded by local Native Americans by the Treaty of St. Mary's in 1818.[30] Platted in 1823 at the Ewing Tavern, the village became an important frontier outpost, and was incorporated as the Town of Fort Wayne in 1829, with a population of 300.[31][32] The Wabash and Erie Canal's opening improved travel conditions to the Great Lakes and Mississippi River, exposing Fort Wayne to expanded economic opportunities. The population topped 2,000 when the town was incorporated as the City of Fort Wayne on February 22, 1840.[33] Pioneer newspaperman George W. Wood was elected the city's first mayor. Fort Wayne's "Summit City" nickname dates from this period, referring to the city's position at the highest elevation along the canal's route.[18] As influential as the canal was to the city's earliest development, it quickly became obsolete after briefly competing with the city's first railroad, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway, completed in 1854.[34]

Modern history

 
A lithograph of Fort Wayne (1868)

At the turn of the 20th century, the population of Fort Wayne nearly reached 50,000, attributed to a large influx of German and Irish immigrants. Fort Wayne's "urban working class" thrived in industrial and railroad-related jobs.[35] The city's economy was substantially based on manufacturing, ushering in an era of innovation with several notable inventions and developments coming out of the city over the years, such as gasoline pumps (1885), the refrigerator (1913), and in 1972, the first home video game console.[36][37] A 1913 flood caused seven deaths, left 15,000 homeless, and damaged over 5,500 buildings in the worst natural disaster in the city's history.[38]

As the automobile's prevalence grew, Fort Wayne became a fixture on the Lincoln Highway.[39] Aviation arrived in 1919 with the opening of the city's first airport, Smith Field. The airport served as Fort Wayne's primary commercial airfield until Baer Field (now Fort Wayne International Airport) was transferred to the city in 1947 after serving as a military base during World War II.[40]

 
The Lincoln Bank Tower was completed as Indiana's tallest building in 1930.

Fort Wayne was hit by the Great Depression beginning in 1929, with most factories cutting their workforce.[41] The stock market crash did not discourage plans to build the city's first skyscraper and Indiana's tallest building at the time, the Lincoln Bank Tower.[42] By 1935, the New Deal's WPA put over 7,000 residents back to work through local infrastructure improvements, including the construction of new parks, bridges, viaducts, and a $5.2 million sewage treatment facility.[43]

The post-World War II economic boom helped the city prosper once again. Between 1950 and 1955, more than 5,000 homes were built, many in large subdivisions in rural Allen County.[44] In 1950, Fort Wayne's first bypass, Coliseum Boulevard, opened on the north side of the city, followed by the city's first arena, War Memorial Coliseum, bringing new opportunities for suburban expansion.[45] The Coliseum was home to the NBA's Fort Wayne Pistons from 1952 to 1957. The opening of enclosed shopping malls and the construction of Interstate 69 through rural areas north and west of the city proper further drove the exodus of retail from downtown through the 1960s.[46] According to the Fort Wayne Home Builders Association estimates, more than 80 percent of new home construction occurred outside the city proper in the 1970s.[47]

Like many cities in the Rust Belt, deindustrialization in the 1980s brought urban blight, increased crime, and a decrease in blue-collar manufacturing jobs.[48] Downtown and surrounding neighborhoods continued declining as residents and businesses sprawled further into rural Allen County.[49] A 1982 flood forced an evacuation of 9,000 residents, damaging 2,000 buildings, and costing $56.1 million (1982 USD, $137 million 2015 USD), prompting a visit from then president of the United States, Ronald Reagan.[50][51]

The 1990s marked a turnaround for the city, as local leaders focused on crime reduction, economic diversification, and downtown redevelopment. By 1999, Fort Wayne's crime rate decreased to levels not seen since 1974, and the city's economy recovered, with the unemployment rate hovering at 2.4 percent in 1998.[52] Clearing blighted buildings downtown resulted in new public greenspaces, including Headwaters Park, which has become the premier community gathering space and centerpiece in the city's $50 million flood control project. Fort Wayne celebrated its bicentennial in 1994.[53][54]

The city continued to concentrate on downtown redevelopment and investment in the 2000s.[55] The decade saw the beginnings of its transformation, with renovations and expansions of the Allen County Public Library, Grand Wayne Convention Center, and Fort Wayne Museum of Art. In 2007, the $130 million Harrison Square development was launched, creating Parkview Field.[56] Suburban growth continued, with the opening of Fort Wayne's first lifestyle center, Jefferson Pointe, and the half-billion dollar Parkview Regional Medical Center in 2012.[57]

Geography

Fort Wayne is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, in northeastern Indiana, 18 miles (29 km) west of Ohio and 50 miles (80 km) south of Michigan. According to the 2010 census, Fort Wayne has a total area of 110.834 square miles (287.06 km2), of which 110.62 square miles (286.50 km2) (or 99.81%) is land and 0.214 square miles (0.55 km2) (or 0.19%) is water.[58]

Topography

 
Aerial of Fort Wayne in 2019
 
The St. Marys River (left) and St. Joseph River (right) converge to form the Maumee River (foreground).
 
A flooded Superior Street in 1982
 
A flood gauge along the St. Mary's Pathway

For a regional summit, the city is situated on flat land characterized by little topographical relief, a result of the Wisconsin glaciation episode.[59] Receding glaciers eroded the land, depositing an evenly distributed layer of sediment during the last glacial period. The most distinguishable topographical feature is Cedar Creek Canyon, just north of the city proper near Huntertown.[59] The Fort Wayne Moraine follows two of the city's three rivers: the St. Marys and St. Joseph. The two rivers converge to form the Maumee, which eventually empties into Lake Erie. Land east of the moraine includes the former Great Black Swamp, a lacustrine plain formed by Glacial Lake Maumee. The Little River flows southwest of Fort Wayne, a tributary of the Wabash River, and remnant of the Maumee Torrent.

Fort Wayne is situated on the Saint Lawrence River Divide, a continental divide separating the Great Lakes Basin from the Gulf of Mexico watershed.

The most important geographical feature of the area is the short distance overland between the Three Rivers system, which eventually flows to the Atlantic, and the Wabash system, which eventually flows to the Gulf of Mexico. This came to be the "portage" or carrying place, over which travelers could transport their cargoes from one system to the next. This natural crossroads attracted the Native Americans for thousands of years. It later attracted the European explorers and traders and the American pioneer settlers who continued to develop the area as a transportation and communications center. Chief Little Turtle of the Miami Nation expressed its importance eloquently at the treaty of Greenville in 1795 when he called it "that glorious gate...through which all the words of our chiefs had to pass through from north to south and from east to west".

Fort Wayne's urban tree canopy is 29 percent, double the state average of 14.5 percent[60] and above the national average of 27.1 percent.[61] The canopy is decreasing, notably from development and the emerald ash borer infestation.[60] Fort Wayne has been designated a Tree City USA since 1990.[62]

Cityscape

See also: List of neighborhoods in Fort Wayne, Indiana
 
Downtown Fort Wayne, looking south from the St. Marys River

Historically, Fort Wayne has been divided into four unofficial quadrants: northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest. Calhoun Street divides the southwest and southeast, while the St. Joseph River divides the northwest and northeast quadrants. The Maumee River separates the northeast and southeast, while portions of the St. Marys River and Chicago, Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad separate the northwest and southwest quadrants.[63]

Fort Wayne's early-20th century development was influenced by the City Beautiful movement and centered on a park and boulevard plan conceived by urban planner Charles Mulford Robinson in 1909 and finalized by landscape architect George Kessler in 1912. The master plan proposed a network of parkways and boulevards connecting the city's three rivers and Spy Run Creek to dozens of neighborhoods and parks. Several parks were designed by noted landscape architect Arthur Asahel Shurcliff. Much of the original plan was implemented by 1955. In 2010, the Fort Wayne Park and Boulevard System was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, consisting of 11 public parks, four parkways, and ten boulevards, covering 1,883 acres (762 ha).[64][65]

Architecture

See also: List of tallest buildings in Fort Wayne
 
 
The Allen County Courthouse was completed in 1902 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003.

During the 19th century, Fort Wayne was dominated by Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, and Italianate architecture. Examples of Greek Revival architecture remain in the city, with one being the Richardville House (1827), a National Historic Landmark. Gothic and Gothic Revival architecture can be found in some of the city's most prominent churches, including Trinity English Lutheran Church (1846), Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (1860), Trinity Episcopal Church (1865), and Saint Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church (1889).[66]

Popular early-20th century architectural styles found in the city include Queen Anne, Richardsonian Romanesque, Neoclassical, Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Prairie, American Craftsman, American Foursquare, and Art Deco. Richardsonian Romanesque buildings include Fort Wayne City Hall (1893) and John H. Bass Mansion (1902), each designed by Wing & Mahurin. Notable examples of Neoclassical architecture include the Masonic Temple (1926) and North Side High School (1927). Beaux-Arts, an architectural style closely related to Neoclassical, gained popularity during the City Beautiful movement of the 1890s and early 1900s, which is reflected in the Allen County Courthouse (1902).[66] The Allen County Courthouse is one of two National Historic Landmarks in the city. The Pennsylvania Railroad Station, also known as Baker Street Station (1914), was designed in American Craftsman style. At 312 feet (95 m), the Art Deco-style Lincoln Bank Tower was Fort Wayne's first high-rise and Indiana's tallest building from 1930 to 1962.[66] The E. Ross Adair Federal Building and United States Courthouse (1932) is another example of Art Deco architecture. Williams–Woodland Park Historic District includes examples of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival residential homes,[67] while the Forest Park Boulevard Historic District includes Tudor Revival homes.[66]

Modern and Postmodern architecture can be found in buildings constructed during the second half of the 20th century in Fort Wayne. The John D. Haynes House (1952) was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, while the campus of Concordia Theological Seminary (1953) was designed by Eero Saarinen. Postmodern architect Michael Graves' first commissions were built in the city, including Hanselmann House (1967) and Snyderman House (1972, now demolished).[68] Louis Kahn's design for the Arts United Center (1973) was inspired by a violin and its case.[69] Other notable buildings include Indiana Michigan Power Center (1982), the tallest building in the city and tallest building in Indiana outside of Indianapolis, at 442 feet (135 m).[70]

Climate

 
The Oakdale neighborhood after a January snow

Fort Wayne lies in the humid continental climate zone (Köppen: Dfa), experiencing four distinct seasons.[71] The city is located in USDA hardiness zones 5b and 6a.[72] Typically, summers are hot, humid, and wet. Winters are generally cold with moderate snowfall. The average annual precipitation is 38.34 in (974 mm), recorded at Fort Wayne International Airport. During the winter season, snowfall accumulation averages 33.5 in (85 cm) per year. Lake-effect snow is not uncommon to the region, but usually appears in the form of light snow flurries.

The National Weather Service reports the highest recorded temperature in the city at 106 °F (41 °C), most recently on June 28, 2012, and the lowest recorded temperature at −24 °F (−31 °C) on January 12, 1918.[73] The wettest month on record was June 2015, with 11.98 in (304 mm) of precipitation.[74] The greatest 24-hour rainfall was 4.93 in (125 mm) on August 1, 1926. The snowiest month on record was January 2014, with 30.3 in (77 cm) of snowfall.[75] The greatest calendar-day snowfall was 18.0 in (46 cm) on February 28, 1900.[76]

Severe weather is not uncommon, particularly in the spring and summer months; the city experiences an average of 39 thunderstorm days and about 10 severe weather days annually.[77] An F2 tornado struck northern Fort Wayne on May 26, 2001, injuring three and causing damage along the Coliseum Boulevard corridor and a subdivision.[78] Fort Wayne experienced 91 mph (146 km/h) wind gusts in the June 2012 North American derecho, knocking out power to 78,000, uprooting approximately 500 trees,[79] and costing $2.5 million.[80]

Climate data for Fort Wayne, Indiana (Fort Wayne Int'l), 1991–2020 normals,[b] extremes 1897–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 69
(21) 		73
(23) 		87
(31) 		90
(32) 		97
(36) 		106
(41) 		106
(41) 		102
(39) 		100
(38) 		91
(33) 		79
(26) 		71
(22) 		106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 54.9
(12.7) 		58.2
(14.6) 		70.9
(21.6) 		80.4
(26.9) 		88.2
(31.2) 		93.5
(34.2) 		93.0
(33.9) 		91.3
(32.9) 		89.5
(31.9) 		82.6
(28.1) 		68.1
(20.1) 		57.8
(14.3) 		95.1
(35.1)
Average high °F (°C) 32.6
(0.3) 		36.5
(2.5) 		47.8
(8.8) 		60.9
(16.1) 		72.2
(22.3) 		81.0
(27.2) 		84.1
(28.9) 		82.0
(27.8) 		76.1
(24.5) 		63.7
(17.6) 		49.4
(9.7) 		37.5
(3.1) 		60.3
(15.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 25.5
(−3.6) 		28.7
(−1.8) 		38.6
(3.7) 		50.2
(10.1) 		61.3
(16.3) 		70.7
(21.5) 		73.8
(23.2) 		71.6
(22.0) 		64.8
(18.2) 		53.2
(11.8) 		41.1
(5.1) 		30.9
(−0.6) 		50.9
(10.5)
Average low °F (°C) 18.4
(−7.6) 		21.0
(−6.1) 		29.4
(−1.4) 		39.4
(4.1) 		50.4
(10.2) 		60.3
(15.7) 		63.5
(17.5) 		61.2
(16.2) 		53.4
(11.9) 		42.8
(6.0) 		32.8
(0.4) 		24.2
(−4.3) 		41.4
(5.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −4.1
(−20.1) 		1.0
(−17.2) 		11.4
(−11.4) 		24.0
(−4.4) 		35.1
(1.7) 		46.6
(8.1) 		52.4
(11.3) 		49.9
(9.9) 		39.3
(4.1) 		28.5
(−1.9) 		18.1
(−7.7) 		4.9
(−15.1) 		−7.1
(−21.7)
Record low °F (°C) −24
(−31) 		−19
(−28) 		−10
(−23) 		7
(−14) 		23
(−5) 		36
(2) 		38
(3) 		38
(3) 		29
(−2) 		19
(−7) 		−1
(−18) 		−18
(−28) 		−24
(−31)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.54
(65) 		2.06
(52) 		2.81
(71) 		3.74
(95) 		4.58
(116) 		4.48
(114) 		4.05
(103) 		3.80
(97) 		3.04
(77) 		2.95
(75) 		2.96
(75) 		2.47
(63) 		39.48
(1,003)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 10.8
(27) 		7.8
(20) 		4.6
(12) 		0.8
(2.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		1.9
(4.8) 		7.6
(19) 		33.6
(85)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 13.2 10.7 11.7 13.2 13.7 11.9 9.7 9.2 9.1 10.1 10.5 12.4 135.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 10.1 7.5 4.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.8 7.7 34.0
Average relative humidity (%) 75.7 74.3 71.7 66.2 65.5 66.3 69.4 73.3 73.2 71.5 76.0 78.9 71.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 148.5 158.5 206.3 251.4 311.9 340.0 347.0 318.2 258.1 207.6 124.2 108.2 2,779.9
Percent possible sunshine 50 53 56 63 69 75 76 75 69 60 42 38 62
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[81][82][83]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18504,282—
18607,000[84][c]63.5%
187017,718153.1%
188026,88051.7%
189035,39331.7%
190045,11527.5%
191063,93341.7%
192086,54935.4%
1930114,94632.8%
1940118,4103.0%
1950133,60712.8%
1960161,77621.1%
1970178,26910.2%
1980172,196−3.4%
1990173,0720.5%
2000205,72718.9%
2010253,69123.3%
2020263,8864.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[86] 2010-2020[87]

2020 census

Fort Wayne city, Indiana - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[88] Pop 2020[87] % 2010 % 2020 Change
White alone (NH) 178,436 165,865 70.34% 62.85% -7.49%
Black or African American alone (NH) 38,514 39,560 15.18% 14.99% -.19%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 730 627 0.29% 0.24% -.05%
Asian alone (NH) 8,279 15,229 3.26% 5.77% +2.51%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 91 108 0.04% 0.04% -
Some Other Race alone (NH) 542 1,517 0.21% 0.57% +.36%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 6,899 13,084 2.72% 4.96% +2.24%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 20,200 27,896 7.96% 10.57% +2.61%
Total 253,691 263,886 100.00% 100.00% -

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2010 census

 
Map of racial distribution in Fort Wayne, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤ White ⬤ Black ⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Other

According to the 2010 census, there were 253,691 people and 113,541 households. The racial makeup of the city is 73.62% White, 15.41% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American or Alaska Native, 3.3% Asian (1.4% Burmese, 0.4% Indian, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.2% Chinese, 0.2% Filipino, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Laotian, 0.1% Thai), 0.06% Pacific Islander, 3.72% from other races, and 3.52% from two or more races. 7.96% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among the Hispanic population, 6.1% are Mexican, 0.4% Puerto Rican, and 0.3% Guatemalan.[89] Non-Hispanic Whites were 70.3% of the population in 2010,[90] down from 87.7% in 1970.[91]

There were 101,585 households, of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.0% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 34.5 years. 26.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

Fort Wayne has one of the largest Burmese American population in the U.S., estimated at 8,000.[92][93] Burmese refugee settlement and "secondary migrants" doubled the city's Asian population between 2000 and 2010.[94]

Religion

Fort Wayne is sometimes referred to as the "City of Churches", an unofficial moniker dating to the late-19th century when the city was the regional hub of Catholic, Lutheran, and Episcopal faiths.[95] Today, there are 360 churches in the city.[96] 54 percent of Fort Wayne residents identify as religious, where 16 percent are Catholic, 9 percent are Lutheran, 6.5 percent are Baptist, 5 percent are Methodist, and 0.14 percent are Jewish, with 16.5 percent adhering to other Christian faiths.[97] Increasing religious minorities are found among the city's immigrant communities, including Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam.[98]

Major churches include the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Saint Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church and Trinity Episcopal Church. Fort Wayne's Reform Judaism population is served by Congregation Achduth Vesholom, the oldest Jewish congregation in Indiana, founded in 1848.[99] In 2013, construction began on the first Burmese Muslim mosque to be built worldwide since the mid-1970s.[100]

As of December 2012, four national Christian denominations were headquartered in the city: the American Association of Lutheran Churches, the Fundamental Baptist Fellowship Association, the Missionary Church and the Fellowship of Evangelical Churches. Fort Wayne is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend, covering 14 counties in Northern Indiana, and the Indiana District of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, encompassing all of Indiana and north central Kentucky.

Economy

 
 
The vacant General Electric complex consists of 30 acres (12 ha) and 12 buildings.[101]

In 2017, the Fort Wayne metropolitan area had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $25.7 billion. The top four industries were: manufacturing ($8.1B), health care ($2.54B), retail trade ($1.4B), and finance and insurance ($1.3B) Government, if it had been a private industry, would have tied for third, generating $1.4 billion.[102]

Manufacturing is deeply rooted in Fort Wayne's economic history, dating to the earliest days of the city's growth as an important trade stop along the Wabash and Erie Canal. Railroads, introduced shortly after the canal's arrival, eased travel from Fort Wayne to other booming industrial centers along the Great Lakes, such as Chicago, Detroit, Toledo, and Cleveland. Throughout the early and mid-20th century, manufacturing dominated the city's economic landscape. From 1900 to 1930, Fort Wayne's industrial output expanded by 747 percent, with total production valued at $95 million in 1929, up from $11 million in 1899.[103] The total workforce also increased from 18,000 in 1900 to nearly 50,000 in 1930.[103]

Companies that had a significant presence in the city include Dana Holding Corporation, Falstaff Brewing Corporation,[104] Fruehauf Corporation, General Electric, International Harvester, Magnavox, Old Crown Brewing Corporation, and Tokheim, among several others, producing goods such as refrigerators, washing machines, automatic phonographs, meat packing products, televisions, garbage disposals, automotive parts and motors, trailers, gasoline pumps, trucks, beer, tents and awnings.[105] Magnet wire production became an especially vital component to the city's economy. In 1960, Fort Wayne was at the center of the United States magnet wire industry, home to New Haven Wire and Cable Company, Phelps Dodge, Rea Magnet Wire, Superior Essex, and an operation at General Electric, producing nearly 90 percent of North America's magnet wire.[106]

 
Abraham Lincoln: The Hoosier Youth stands in front of Lincoln Financial Group's downtown offices.

The 1970s and 1980s were times of economic depression in Fort Wayne, when much of the city's manufacturing foundation eroded and the blue-collar workforce shrank. Fort Wayne joined several other cities reeling economically within the Rust Belt.[107] At the same time, General Electric also downsized much of its more than 10,000-person workforce.[108] Amid other area plant closures and downsizing, coupled with the early 1980s recession, the city lost 30,000 jobs and reached a 12.1 percent unemployment rate.[109] The arrival of General Motors in 1987 helped fill the void from shuttered manufacturers and aided in the area's recovery, employing 3,000 at its Fort Wayne Assembly.[110] In 2017, General Motors was the largest manufacturer in the city, employing 4,100 assembling Chevrolet Silverado regular and double cab light- and heavy-duty pickup trucks.[111]

Through the 1990s and into the 2000s, the city diversified its economy; manufacturing now employs 16.9 percent of Allen County's workforce.[19] Other sectors include distribution, transportation, and logistics (23.1 percent), health care (17.9 percent), professional and business services (12.1 percent), leisure and hospitality (11.1 percent), and financial services (6.3 percent).[19] The leisure and hospitality sector has especially grown, with 5.8 million visitors spending $545 million in 2013, a 4.3 percent increase over the previous year.[112] The city is a center for the defense industry, employing thousands at such companies as BAE Systems (1,150), Harris Corporation (888), Raytheon Technologies (950), and the Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station (423).[20]

Despite economic diversification, the city was significantly impacted by the Great Recession. According to a report from Pew Research Center, the city lost nearly a quarter of its manufacturing jobs and 11% of its economic status between 2000 and 2014.[113] Economic Innovation Group's 2016 Distressed Communities Index Report ranked Fort Wayne among the most unequal large cities in the U.S. in terms of linking economic opportunities to its distressed zip codes. As of 2017, Allen County's labor force was 180,637 with an unemployment rate of 2.5 percent.[19][114]

Companies based in Fort Wayne include Brotherhood Mutual, Do it Best, Franklin Electric, Frontier Communications – Central Region,[115] Genteq, Indiana Michigan Power, K&K Insurance, MedPro Group, North American Van Lines, Rea Magnet Wire, Steel Dynamics, Sweetwater Sound, and Vera Bradley. Steel Dynamics is the only Fortune 500 company headquartered in the city, ranking 354th.[116] Founded in 1905, Lincoln Financial Group was based in Fort Wayne until its move to suburban Philadelphia in 1999.[117] The company maintains a large presence in the city, employing nearly 2,000.[118]

Culture

Performing arts

 
The Embassy Theatre opened in 1928 as a movie palace.

The Embassy Theatre is a 2,471-seat performing arts theater, which hosts over 200,000 patrons annually.[119] Since its founding in 1944, the Fort Wayne Philharmonic Orchestra has often been hosted at the Embassy.[120] The University of Saint Francis Robert Goldstine Performing Arts Center, located on its Downtown Campus, contains a 2,086-seat auditorium.[121]

Since its establishment in 2010, the Cultural District has been home to several of the city's cultural institutions, including the Fort Wayne Museum of Art, Auer Center for Arts and Culture, Arts United Center, and Hall Community Arts Center.[122] Arts United Center houses the Fort Wayne Civic Theater, Fort Wayne Dance Collective, and Fort Wayne Youtheatre. Auer Center for Arts and Culture houses Fort Wayne Ballet. Hall Community Arts Center houses Cinema Center, an independent film venue.

Though used mainly for exhibitions and conventions, the Grand Wayne Convention Center hosts dance and choir productions, such as the annual Foundation for Art and Music in Education (FAME) Northeast Festival.[123] Foellinger Theatre, a 2,500-seat amphitheater in Franke Park, hosts seasonal acts and outdoor concerts during warmer months.[124] Located west of downtown, Arena Dinner Theatre is a nonprofit community arts corporation with a focus on live theater production, annually hosting seven full-length theatrical productions.[125]

Attractions

 
Science Central opened in the city's former municipal power plant in 1995.

The Fort Wayne Children's Zoo has been lauded as one of the nation's foremost zoos.[126][127] Covering 40 acres (16 ha) and containing 1,000 animals of 200 different species, the zoo is the largest regional attraction, regularly drawing over 500,000 visitors annually.[128][129] The Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory gardens cover 24,500-square-foot (2,280 m2), displaying over 1,200 plants of 502 different species and 72 types of cacti.[130] Science Central, an interactive science center, contains permanent displays and temporary exhibits, drawing 130,000 visitors annually.[131]

Established in 1921, the Fort Wayne Museum of Art (FWMoA) is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, specializing in the collection and exhibition of American art.[132] The FWMoA annually receives 100,000 visitors.[133]

The History Center, located in Fort Wayne's Old City Hall, manages a collection of more than 23,000 artifacts recalling the region's history.[134] The center is overseen by the Allen County–Fort Wayne Historical Society, which maintains the Richardville House, one of two National Historic Landmarks in the city. Historic Fort Wayne, a replica of the 1815 fortification, hosts scheduled tours and historical reenactments throughout the year.[135] Other cultural museums include the African/African–American Historical Museum,[136] Fort Wayne Firefighters Museum,[137] Greater Fort Wayne Aviation Museum,[138] and Baer Field Heritage Air Park.

The Allen County Public Library's Fred J. Reynolds Historical Genealogy Department is the second-largest genealogy collection in North America.[139] The collection contains 350,000 printed volumes and 513,000 items of microfilm and microfiche.[140]

Festivals and events

 
A concert during the 42nd Three Rivers Festival in 2010

The city hosts a variety of cultural festivals and events annually. Festivals commemorating ethnic food, dance, music, and art include Germanfest,[141] Greek Festival, and Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival.[142] Initiated in 1997, Fort Wayne Pride celebrates northeast Indiana's LGBTQ community.[143] BBQ RibFest showcases barbecue rib cooks and live entertainment, attracting 40,000 visitors annually.[144]

Fort4Fitness is a certified half marathon, 4-mile (6.4 km) run/walk, and health fair. Over 9,000 participated in the 2011 half marathon.[145] In 2012, Fort4Fitness debuted a spring cycle, Bike-the-Fort, which included three bicycling tours with over 1,000 participants.[146] HolidayFest begins with the Night of Lights on Thanksgiving eve, with the lighting of the PNC Santa and Reindeer, Wells Fargo Holiday Display, and Indiana Michigan Power Christmas Wreath, ending with a fireworks finale at Parkview Field.[147]

 
Fort Wayne style Coney Island hot dogs, developed in 1914 by Macedonian immigrants in the city

The largest annual events in the city are the Johnny Appleseed Festival, Taste of the Arts, Middlewaves and the Three Rivers Festival. The Johnny Appleseed Festival draws 300,000 visitors. The festival is held at Johnny Appleseed Park, where American folklore legend John Chapman is believed to be buried.[148] Apple-themed cuisine, crafts, and historical demonstrations recalling 19th century American pioneering are among some of the festival's events.[149] Three Rivers Festival, a celebration of Fort Wayne, spans nine days each July, attracting 400,000 visitors.[150] Three Rivers features over 200 events, including a parade, midway, hot dog eating contest, bed race, raft race, arts fair, and fireworks spectacular. Other annual events include the Allen County Fair,[151] BAALS Music Festival, National Soccer Festival,[152][153] and the Vera Bradley Outlet Sale.[154]

Sports

 
 
Allen County War Memorial Coliseum (top) and Parkview Field (bottom)
Main article: Sports in Fort Wayne, Indiana

Fort Wayne is home to three minor league sports franchises: the ECHL's Fort Wayne Komets, the High-A Central's Fort Wayne TinCaps, and the NBA G League's Fort Wayne Mad Ants who are owned and operated by their parent club, the Indiana Pacers. Fort Wayne also hosts the Fort Wayne Derby Girls of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association Division 2. These teams compete at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum. Parkview Field is home to the TinCaps.

The city has been home to other professional sports franchises, including the National Basketball Association's Fort Wayne Pistons (which moved to Detroit in 1957), the Fort Wayne Daisies of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, and the Fort Wayne Kekiongas of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (precursor to Major League Baseball).

Intercollegiate sports in the city include the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons, representing Purdue University Fort Wayne (PFW) in the NCAA's Division I Horizon League, and NAIA schools Indiana Tech (Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference) and University of Saint Francis (Crossroads League and Mid-States Football Association). The Mastodons had represented Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) prior to its 2018 split into two separate institutions (see below), and from 2016 to 2018 were branded as the Fort Wayne Mastodons, but the athletic brand was changed to "Purdue Fort Wayne" shortly before the split took effect.[155]

Some notable events in sports history occurred in Fort Wayne. On June 2, 1883, Fort Wayne hosted the Quincy Professionals for one of the first lighted evening baseball games ever recorded.[156] Fort Wayne is also credited as the birthplace of the NBA, as Pistons' coach Carl Bennett brokered the merger of the BAA and the NBL in 1948 from his Alexander Street home.[157][158][159] On March 10, 1961, Wilt Chamberlain became the first player in the NBA to reach 3,000 points in a single season while competing at the War Memorial Coliseum.[157][160]

Parks and recreation

See also: List of parks in Fort Wayne, Indiana
 
Tulips bloom in Foster Park

Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation maintains 86 public parks totaling 2,805 acres (1,135 ha).[96] Three public and 20 private golf courses are located in Allen County.[161] Franke Park is the most extensive city park, covering 339.24 acres (137.3 ha).[162] Franke is home to the Foellinger Theatre, Shoaff Lake, and the Fort Wayne Children's Zoo. Other notable parks include Johnny Appleseed Park (home to a campground and John Chapman's grave) and McCulloch Park (home to Samuel Bigger's grave). Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, Headwaters Park, Lawton Skatepark, and Historic Fort Wayne are located downtown. Hurshtown Reservoir, near Grabill, is the largest body of water in Allen County and is popular with watersports enthusiasts for sailing and fishing. Some 300 lakes are located within 50 miles (80 km) of the city.[163] Located downtown along the St. Marys River, Fort Wayne Outfitters offers canoe, kayak, stand-up paddle board, and pontoon boat rentals for recreation along the three rivers.[164]

 
Canoeing on the St. Marys River

Starting in the 1970s, the city developed a system of recreational trails along the riverbanks, known as the Rivergreenway, with the aim of beautifying the riverfronts and promoting active lifestyles for residents.[165] The Rivergreenway was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2009.[166] As of 2018, the Rivergreenway had expanded with additional trails to encompass nearly 180 miles (290 km) throughout the city and county, with about 550,000 annual users.[167] With the expansion of trails in recent years, cycling has become an emerging mode of transportation for residents. In 2009, the city's first bicycle lanes were established[168] with the installation of 250 bike parking places.[169] In 2016, Fort Wayne was designated a Bronze Level bicycle friendly community by the League of American Bicyclists.[170]

According to the Trust for Public Land's 2017 ParkScore Index, some 56% of Fort Wayne residents are underserved.[171]

Government

See also: List of mayors of Fort Wayne, Indiana
 
A statue of General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, namesake of the city, stands in Freimann Square.
 
The Allen County Courthouse (center) and the Rousseau Centre (right), home to city and county offices

Fort Wayne has a mayor–council government.[172] The mayor, city clerk, and city council members serve four-year terms.

Fort Wayne's mayor is Tom Henry, a Democrat, who was elected in 2007. Henry succeeded Democrat Graham Richard who chose not to run for re-election after two terms as mayor. Henry was re-elected to a third term in 2015. Henry was re-elected to a fourth term in 2019.[173] Karl Bandemer was appointed deputy mayor in 2013.[174] Lana Keesling was elected city clerk in 2015.[175] Fort Wayne City Council has nine elected members, one representative from each of the city's six council districts and three at-large members, serving four-year terms.[172]

The city is represented in the Indiana General Assembly by three Senate Districts and seven House Districts. Fort Wayne's state senators include Dennis Kruse (14th District), Liz Brown (15th), and David Long (16th). Representatives include Dan Leonard (50th District), Ben Smaltz (52nd), Phil GiaQuinta (80th), Martin Carbaugh (81st), Christopher Judy (83rd), Bob Morris (84th), and Dave Heine (85th). Federally, Fort Wayne is part of Indiana's 3rd congressional district, represented by Republican Jim Banks, who was first elected in 2016.

Under the Unigov provision of Indiana Law, Fort Wayne would have automatically consolidated with Allen County when its population exceeded 250,000, previously the minimum population for a first class city in Indiana.[176] Fort Wayne nearly met the state requirements for first class city designation on January 1, 2006 when 12.8 square miles (33 km2) of neighboring Aboite Township (and a small section of Wayne Township) including 25,094 people were annexed.[177] However, a 2004 legislative change raised the population threshold for first-class status from 250,000 to 600,000, which ensured Indianapolis' status as the only first class city in Indiana.[178]

Fort Wayne's E. Ross Adair Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse houses the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana, which was authorized by Congress in 1928.

Municipal and state laws are enforced by the Fort Wayne Police Department, an organization of 460 officers.[179] In 2006, Fort Wayne's crime rate was 5104.1 per 100,000 people, slightly above the national average of 4479.3.[180] There were 18 murders, 404 robberies, and 2,128 burglaries in 2006.[180] Steve Reed was appointed to the position of police chief in 2016.[181] In 2014, former police chief Rusty York was appointed to the position of director of public safety. York previously served as police chief from 2000 to 2014.[182]

The city is currently served by the Allen County Jail in downtown Fort Wayne, controlled by the Allen County Sheriff's department. In January 2020, a class action lawsuit was filed by Vincent Morris, an inmate at the jail, and the ACLU of Indiana against the Sheriff of Allen County.[183] The lawsuit alleges understaffing of the jail, as well as overpopulation, among other complaints resulting in dangerous housing conditions.[184] In March 2022, Judge Damon Leichty of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana ruled that conditions in the jail were in violation of the 8th Amendment and 14th Amendment. In his injunction, Judge Leichty ruled that there needed to be substantial progress in the construction of a new jail with expanding capacity. Since this injunction there have been 8 proposed sites for the new jail to be constructed, with the most prominent being at the Allen County Sheriffs department training facility land off of Paulding and Adams Center Roads, which the county already owns.[185] However, this location is being heavily contested for being on the Southeast side of Fort Wayne, as another negative for an already disadvantaged area.[186] At its current location, the jail also sits on what is very valuable land given the city's recent riverfront development, right in between some hallmark developments for the revitalization of the downtown area.[187]

As of 2010, the Fort Wayne Fire Department included 375 uniformed firefighters and 18 fire stations.[188] Eric Lahey was appointed fire chief in 2014.[189]

Politics

Voter registration and Partisan Primary Participation[190]
Party Number of voters Percentage
Democratic 31,798 20.61%
Republican 35,452 22.97%
Unaffiliated 86,154 55.83%
Other 917 0.59%
Total 154,321 100%

Education

Primary and secondary education

 
Allen County public school districts: FWCS (pink), EACS (yellow), NACS (blue), SACS (green)

Fort Wayne Community Schools (FWCS) is the largest public school district in Indiana,[191] enrolling 30,981 students as of the 2013–2014 academic year. FWCS operate 51 facilities, including 31 elementary schools, ten middle schools, and five high schools. The student body is diverse, with 75 spoken languages in the district.[192] East Allen County Schools (EACS) operate 14 schools, with a total enrollment of 10,010.[193] Northwest Allen County Schools (NACS) operate seven elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school, with a total enrollment of 6,853.[194] Southwest Allen County Schools (SACS) operate six elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school, with a total enrollment of 6,995.[195][196] Private primary and secondary education is offered largely through Lutheran Schools of Indiana and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend. Amish Parochial Schools of Indiana has schools through eighth grade in rural eastern Allen County.[197]

Higher education

Fort Wayne hosts institutions affiliated with both of Indiana's major state university systems. Indiana University Fort Wayne (IU Fort Wayne) and Purdue University Fort Wayne (PFW) were established in July 2018 after the dissolution of Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), which had enrolled over 13,000 students prior to its closure and was the state's fifth-largest public university.[198] IPFW's degree programs in health sciences are now operated by IU Fort Wayne; as such, that institution is now home to the Fort Wayne Center for Medical Education, a branch of the Indiana University School of Medicine. All remaining IPFW degree programs were taken over by PFW.[199]

Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana also contains two campuses in the city. Three private universities are located in the city, including Concordia Theological Seminary, Indiana Institute of Technology, and the University of Saint Francis. Private universities with regional branches in Fort Wayne include Crossroads Bible College, Grace College and Theological Seminary, Huntington University, Indiana Wesleyan University, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, and Trine University.

Libraries

Composed of 14 branches, the Allen County Public Library is among the 20 largest public libraries in the U.S., and ranks 89th factoring in academic libraries, with 3.4 million volumes.[200] The library's foundation is also among the nation's largest, with $14 million in assets.[201] The entire library system underwent an $84.1 million overhaul from 2002 to 2007.[202] In 2009, over 7.4 million materials were borrowed by patrons, with over 3 million visits made throughout the library system.[203] The library houses the second largest genealogy research collection in the United States, and the largest in a public library.

Media

See also: Media in Fort Wayne, Indiana

Major broadcasting network affiliates include WANE-TV (CBS), WPTA-TV (ABC/NBC), WISE-TV (CW), WFFT-TV (Fox), and WFWA-TV (PBS), Northeast Indiana's PBS member station. Religious broadcasters include WINM. Access Fort Wayne maintains Fort Wayne and Allen County's Public Access capabilities serving from the Allen County Public Library. One National Public Radio station is based in the city, WBOI, with the new WELT Community Radio Station transmitting from the Allen County Public Library.

Fort Wayne is served by two primary newspapers, the Journal Gazette and Pulitzer Prize-winning News-Sentinel.[204] The two dailies have separate editorial departments, but under a joint operating agreement, printing, advertising, and circulation are handled by Fort Wayne Newspapers, Inc. The News-Sentinel announced that it would cease printing operations in favor of digital publishing in August 2017.

Infrastructure

Transportation

 
An A-10 Warthog after completing a training mission at the Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station

Fort Wayne includes two municipal airports, both managed by the Fort Wayne–Allen County Airport Authority. Fort Wayne International Airport (FWA) is the city's primary commercial airport, with five airlines offering direct service to 13 domestic connections. The airport is Indiana's second busiest, with over 350,000 passenger enplanements in 2015.[205] Fort Wayne International is also home to the 122d Fighter Wing's Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station.[206] Smith Field, in northern Fort Wayne, is used primarily for general aviation.[207]

Fort Wayne is served by a single Interstate, (Interstate 69), along with an auxiliary beltway (Interstate 469). Once the State Road 37 expressway between Bloomington and Martinsville is completed in 2018, filling a gap in I-69 that exists south of Indianapolis, the road will run south to Evansville; it currently runs north to the Canada–United States border at Port Huron, Michigan. In the coming years, I-69 will extend to the US–Mexico border in Texas, with branches ending in Laredo, Pharr, and Brownsville. Four U.S. Routes bisect the city, including US 24, US 27, US 30, and US 33.

Five Indiana State Roads also meet in the city, including State Road 1, State Road 3, State Road 14, State Road 37, and State Road 930. Airport Expressway, a four-lane divided highway, links Fort Wayne International Airport directly to I-69.[208] About 85 percent of residents commute alone by personal vehicle, while another eight percent carpool.[209]

Unlike most cities comparable to its size, Fort Wayne does not have an urban freeway system. In 1946, planners proposed a $27 million federally funded freeway, crossing east–west and north–south through downtown.[210] Opponents successfully campaigned against the proposal, objecting to the demolition of nearly 1,500 homes at the time of the post-World War II housing shortage, while playing on fears that the project would force displaced minorities into white neighborhoods.[211][212] In 1947, Fort Wayne residents voted down the referendum that would have allowed for its construction, dubbed the 'Anthony Wayne Parkway.'[213] Beginning in 1962, construction commenced for I-69 in suburban Fort Wayne.[214][47]

The I-469 beltway around the southern and eastern fringes of Fort Wayne and New Haven was constructed between 1988 and 1995 as the largest public works project in Allen County history, at $207 million.[213]

 
Pennsylvania Railroad Station has stood as a landmark to the city's railroad heritage since 1914.

Amtrak's Capitol Limited (Chicago - Toledo - Cleveland - Pittsburgh - Washington, D.C.) and Amtrak's Lake Shore Limited (Chicago - Toledo - Cleveland - Buffalo - Albany - split to Boston and to New York City) are the closest passenger rail services to Fort Wayne, located 25 miles (40 km) north at Waterloo Station. Service by Amtrak ended in 1990 when the Broadway Limited was rerouted away from Fort Wayne's Pennsylvania Station. Until 1961 the Pennsylvania Railroad operated the north–south Northern Arrow through the station. Other stations in Fort Wayne served the passenger trains of the Chicago, Indianapolis, and Louisville Railway ('Monon Railroad') and the Wabash Railroad (hosting the east–west Wabash Cannon Ball).[215][216]

There has been a movement to bring direct passenger rail service back in the form of Amtrak or high-speed rail service.[217] In 2013, a feasibility study was published outlining the impacts of a proposed Columbus—Fort Wayne—Chicago high-speed rail corridor. At 300 miles (480 km), the route would cost $1.29 billion and generate some $7.1 billion in economic benefits to the region.[218] Freight service is provided by a class I railroad (Norfolk Southern) and two class III railroads.[219] Fort Wayne is headquarters and main operations hub of Norfolk Southern's Triple Crown Services subsidiary, the largest truckload shipper in the U.S.[219]

Fort Wayne's mass transit system is managed by the Fort Wayne Public Transportation Corporation (Citilink), providing 12 bus routes through the cities of Fort Wayne and New Haven via downtown's Central Station.[220] CampusLink debuted in 2009 as a free shuttle service for students, faculty, and general public traveling between Ivy Tech's Coliseum and North campuses, IPFW and its student housing on the Waterfield Campus, and shopping and residential areas.[221] MedLink debuted in 2013 connecting Parkview Regional Medical Center with Parkview Health's Randallia campus.[222] Despite annual ridership of 2.2 million,[221] less than one percent of residents commute by public transportation.[209] Fort Wayne is served by two intercity bus providers: Greyhound Lines (Indianapolis—Toledo—Detroit) and Lakefront Lines (Chicago—Columbus—Akron).[223]

In 2016, the city introduced its first bike-sharing program, including five stations and 25 bicycles.[224]

Healthcare

Fort Wayne is served by ten medical centers belonging to one of two regional healthcare providers in the city: Parkview Health System and Lutheran Health Network. Notable hospitals include Dupont Hospital, Lutheran Hospital of Indiana, Parkview Regional Medical Center, Parkview Hospital Randallia, and St. Joseph Hospital. Over 1,600 patient beds are available throughout the city's healthcare system.[225] As of 2017, both healthcare systems were the city's first and second largest employers, respectively, and contribute to a total healthcare workforce in Allen County of 34,000.[225] VA Northern Indiana Health Care System's Fort Wayne Campus provides medical services through the Department of Veterans Affairs.[226]

Utilities

City Utilities is the largest municipally owned water utility in Indiana, supplying residents with 72 million US gallons (270,000 m3) of water per day from the St. Joseph River via the Three Rivers Water Filtration Plant.[227] Sanitary sewer treatment is also managed by City Utilities. The City of Fort Wayne offers full curbside recycling and solid waste collection services for residents, presently contracted through Red River Waste Solutions. Electricity is provided by Indiana Michigan Power, a subsidiary of American Electric Power, while natural gas is supplied by Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), a subsidiary of NiSource. All tier 1 networks and several additional telecommunication service providers cover the Fort Wayne rate area.[228]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Fort Wayne, Indiana

Sister cities

Fort Wayne has four sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International:[229]

Friendship city

See also

Notes

  1. ^ According to J. Dunn, Jr., this name was "usually said to mean "blackberry patch," or "blackberry bush," this plant being considered an emblem of antiquity because it sprang up on the sites of old villages. This theory rests on the testimony of Barron, a longtime French trader on the Wabash. It is more probable that Kekionga is a corruption or dialect form of Kiskakon, or Kikakon, which was the original name of the place." J. P. Dunn.[23] But, Michael McCafferty, an Algonquian and Uto-Aztecan linguist professor at Indiana University, exhaustively examined the etymology of 'Kekionga' and dismissed Dunn's explanation and several others. See the chapter "Trails to Kekionga" in the relevantly titled Native American Place Names of Indiana (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2008), esp. p. 76. In the 1680s, French traders established a post near Kekionga due to its location on a portage between the Great Lakes and Mississippi River.[24]
  2. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  3. ^ The commonly-cited figure of 10,388 was the count for Wayne Township rather than the city of Fort Wayne, which did not have a separate population figure reported in 1860.[85]

References

  1. ^ "Fort Wayne History". Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  2. ^ Salter Rodriguez, Rosa (June 22, 2007). "Census stats can't back up old moniker". The Journal Gazette.
  3. ^ Lohrmann, Shannon. "Flood brought out our best". The News-Sentinel.
  4. ^ Olson, Eric (February 29, 2012). . WPTA-TV. Archived from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  5. ^ Crothers, Julie (August 16, 2013). . fortwayne.com. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  6. ^ . Inside Indiana Business. February 16, 2004. Archived from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2013.
  7. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  8. ^ "U.S. Census website". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  9. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". U.S. Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  10. ^ . National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  11. ^ "Fort Wayne, IN to S State Line Rd & State Road 14, Woodburn, 46797 – Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
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Bibliography

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  • Brice, Wallace. History of Fort Wayne (Applewood Books, 2009) online.
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  • Seigel, Peggy. "Winning the Vote in Fort Wayne, Indiana: The Long, Cautious Journey in a German American City." Indiana Magazine of History (2006): 220-257. online
  • Violette, Ralph (1999). Fort Wayne, Indiana. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-1309-0.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fort Wayne, Indiana.
 
Wikisource has the text of the 1879 American Cyclopædia article Fort Wayne.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fort Wayne.
  • Official website  
  • Visit Fort Wayne

February 05, 2023
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Fort Wayne redirects here For other uses see Fort Wayne disambiguation Fort Wayne is a city in and the county seat of Allen County Indiana United States 10 Located in northeastern Indiana the city is 18 miles 29 km west of the Ohio border 11 and 50 miles 80 km south of the Michigan border 12 The city s population was 263 886 as of the 2020 Census making it the second most populous city in Indiana after Indianapolis and the 76th most populous city in the United States 13 It is the principal city of the Fort Wayne metropolitan area consisting of Allen and Whitley counties which had an estimated population of 423 038 as of 2021 14 Fort Wayne is the cultural and economic center of northeastern Indiana In addition to the two core counties the combined statistical area CSA includes Adams DeKalb Huntington Noble Steuben and Wells counties with an estimated population of 649 105 in 2021 15 Fort Wayne IndianaCityDowntown Fort Wayne skylineHistoric Fort WayneOld City HallAllen County Courthouse and Lincoln Bank TowerJohn Chapman s grave in Johnny Appleseed ParkDr Martin Luther King Jr Memorial BridgeFlagSealNickname s Summit City 1 City of Churches 2 City That Saved Itself 3 4 Magnet Wire Capital of the World 5 6 Motto KekiongaInteractive map outlining Fort WayneFort Wayne IndianaLocation of Fort Wayne in the United StatesCoordinates 41 04 50 N 85 08 21 W 41 08056 N 85 13917 W 41 08056 85 13917 Coordinates 41 04 50 N 85 08 21 W 41 08056 N 85 13917 W 41 08056 85 13917Country United StatesState IndianaCountyAllenTownshipsAboite Adams Perry Pleasant St Joseph Washington WayneFoundingOctober 22 1794Incorporated town January 3 1829Incorporated city February 22 1840Founded byJean Francois HamtramckNamed forAnthony WayneGovernment TypeMayor council MayorTom Henry D BodyFort Wayne City Council State HouseRepresentatives Dan Leonard R Ben Smaltz R Phil GiaQuinta D Martin Carbaugh R Christopher Judy R Bob Morris R Casey Cox R State SenateSenators Dennis Kruse R Liz Brown R David Long R Area 7 City110 79 sq mi 286 95 km2 Land110 57 sq mi 286 38 km2 Water0 22 sq mi 0 56 km2 Urban135 25 sq mi 350 3 km2 Metro1 368 sq mi 3 540 km2 Elevation810 ft 247 m Population 2021 8 City265 974 RankUS 84th Density2 400 sq mi 930 km2 Urban335 934 US 121st Urban density2 053 4 sq mi 792 8 km2 Metro423 038 US 130th CSA649 105 US 79th DemonymFort WaynerTime zoneUTC 05 00 EST Summer DST UTC 04 00 EDT ZIP CodesZIP codes 46774 46802 46809 46814 46816 46818 46819 46825 46835 46845 46850Area code260FIPS code18 25000GNIS feature ID0434689 9 Websitewww wbr cityoffortwayne wbr orgFort Wayne was built in 1794 by the United States Army under the direction of American Revolutionary War general Anthony Wayne the last in a series of forts built near the Miami village of Kekionga 16 Named in Wayne s honor the European American settlement developed at the confluence of the St Joseph St Marys and Maumee rivers known originally as Fort Miami a trading post constructed by Jean Baptiste Bissot Sieur de Vincennes around 1706 17 18 The modern city was platted in 1823 following its revitalization after the War of 1812 and its siege It underwent tremendous growth after completion of the Wabash and Erie Canal and advent of the railroad 18 Once a booming manufacturing town located in what became known as the Rust Belt Fort Wayne s economy in the 21st century is based upon distribution transportation and logistics healthcare professional and business services leisure and hospitality and financial services 19 The city is a center for the defense industry which employs 1 2 of the population 20 Fort Wayne was an All America City Award recipient in 1983 1998 2009 and 2021 21 The city also received an Outstanding Achievement City Livability Award by the U S Conference of Mayors in 1999 22 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 1 1 The indigenous people and New France 1 1 2 Original settlement and French control 1706 1760 1 1 3 From the British back to the Miami 1760 1794 1 1 4 US battles Native Americans 1 1 5 Settlement permitted by Treaty of St Mary s 1 2 Modern history 2 Geography 2 1 Topography 2 2 Cityscape 2 2 1 Architecture 2 3 Climate 3 Demographics 3 1 2020 census 3 2 2010 census 3 3 Religion 4 Economy 5 Culture 5 1 Performing arts 5 2 Attractions 5 3 Festivals and events 6 Sports 7 Parks and recreation 8 Government 8 1 Politics 9 Education 9 1 Primary and secondary education 9 2 Higher education 9 3 Libraries 10 Media 11 Infrastructure 11 1 Transportation 11 2 Healthcare 11 3 Utilities 12 Notable people 13 Sister cities 14 See also 15 Notes 16 References 17 Bibliography 18 External linksHistory EditMain articles Kekionga Fort Miami Indiana Fort Wayne fort Early history Edit The indigenous people and New France Edit An illustrated map of Kekionga 1790 Little Turtle Anthony Wayne Original settlement and French control 1706 1760 Edit This area here on the river confluence was long occupied by successive cultures of indigenous peoples The Miami tribe established its settlement of Kekionga at the confluence of the Maumee St Joseph and St Marys rivers It was the capital of the Miami nation and related Algonquian tribes a In 1696 Comte de Frontenac appointed Jean Baptiste Bissot Sieur de Vincennes who began visiting Kekionga in 1702 and would later build the original Fort Miami around 1706 Initially a small trading outpost 17 It was part of a group of forts and trading posts built between Quebec and St Louis The first census in 1744 recorded a population of approximately 40 Frenchmen and 1 000 Miamians 25 From the British back to the Miami 1760 1794 Edit Increasing tension between France and Great Britain developed over control of the territory In 1760 France ceded the area to Britain after its forces in North America surrendered during the Seven Years War known on the North American front as the French and Indian War Managing to hold down the fort for only a mere couple of years the British lost control of it in 1763 when various Native American nations rebelled against British rule and retook the fort as part of Pontiac s Rebellion From this point forward in 1763 no active fort would exist at Kekionga for the next three decades until American General Anthony Wayne would go on to establish Fort Wayne in 1794 following the Battle of Fallen Timbers The fort throughout this period was described as a Defiant mixture of Indian warriors and lawless renegades of the frontier such as the Girties It was also the home of a heterogeneous population of English and French traders and their families French engages and Miami Delaware and Shawnee tribes 26 In 1772 the British would regain influence over the village after Sir William Johnson suggested to the government that the fort be reoccupied 17 The mixed population of the Kekionga area had moved past antipathy with the British by this point and accepted their friendship In 1776 Officer Jacques LaSalle moved into the village to conduct strict supervision on behalf of the British government ensuring that the natives remained loyal to the British and to check passports with travelers coming down from Fort Detroit 27 US battles Native Americans Edit In the Treaty of Paris 1783 which ended the American war for independence Britain transferred to the new United States its claim of sovereignty over the Northwest Territory the area north and west of the Ohio River east of the Mississippi River and south of British Canada The Indigenous people already living there though were not part of that treaty and did not cede their ownership of those lands American land speculators and pioneers began flooding down the Ohio River into the area leading to conflict with an alliance of native tribes known as the Western Confederacy It was headquartered at Kekionga where the Miami had permitted two refugee tribes dislodged by white homesteaders the Delaware and the Shawnee to resettle The confederacy which included other Great Lakes and Algonquin tribes as well began sending war parties to raid settlers hoping to drive them back across the Appalachian Mountains and refused to meet for negotiations over a possible treaty to instead cede land for white settlement The growing violence led to the Northwest Indian War In 1790 President George Washington ordered the United States Army to conquer and pacify the tribes The first expedition led by General Josiah Harmar reached Kekionga and burned it but was then driven off by confederacy warriors led by the Miami war chief Little Turtle The confederacy attacked the second invading force led in 1791 by General Arthur St Clair before it could get that far and wiped it out in a massacre known as St Clair s Defeat at modern day Fort Recovery Ohio General Anthony Wayne led a third expedition defeating the confederacy s warriors at the Battle of Fallen Timbers near modern day Toledo Ohio on August 20 1794 Wayne s men then marched up the Maumee River systematically burning evacuated native towns crops and winter food stores until they reached its headwaters where Kekionga remained in ruins Wayne ordered Fort Wayne built there to permanently occupy the area The following year Wayne negotiated a peace accord the Treaty of Greenville with tribal leaders in which they agreed to stop fighting and ceded most of what is now Ohio along with certain tracts further west including the area around Fort Wayne encompassing Kekionga and the land portage Wayne promised the remainder would remain Indian lands which is why the territory west of Ohio was named Indiana In subsequent years the government used Fort Wayne to hand out annual payments under the treaty But in a recurring cycle the tribes ran up debts to white traders who came there to sell them alcohol and manufactured goods and the government pushed tribal leaders including through bribes to sell more reservation land to pay off those debts and when the land was gone then to agree to have the tribe removed to the Far West 28 A United States fur trade factory was established here in 1802 It was burned by the local Indians at the beginning of the War of 1812 29 Settlement permitted by Treaty of St Mary s Edit An illustration depicting the 1812 military garrison The first settlement started in 1815 In 1819 the military garrison abandoned the fort and moved to Detroit In 1822 a federal land office opened to sell land ceded by local Native Americans by the Treaty of St Mary s in 1818 30 Platted in 1823 at the Ewing Tavern the village became an important frontier outpost and was incorporated as the Town of Fort Wayne in 1829 with a population of 300 31 32 The Wabash and Erie Canal s opening improved travel conditions to the Great Lakes and Mississippi River exposing Fort Wayne to expanded economic opportunities The population topped 2 000 when the town was incorporated as the City of Fort Wayne on February 22 1840 33 Pioneer newspaperman George W Wood was elected the city s first mayor Fort Wayne s Summit City nickname dates from this period referring to the city s position at the highest elevation along the canal s route 18 As influential as the canal was to the city s earliest development it quickly became obsolete after briefly competing with the city s first railroad the Pittsburgh Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway completed in 1854 34 Modern history Edit A lithograph of Fort Wayne 1868 At the turn of the 20th century the population of Fort Wayne nearly reached 50 000 attributed to a large influx of German and Irish immigrants Fort Wayne s urban working class thrived in industrial and railroad related jobs 35 The city s economy was substantially based on manufacturing ushering in an era of innovation with several notable inventions and developments coming out of the city over the years such as gasoline pumps 1885 the refrigerator 1913 and in 1972 the first home video game console 36 37 A 1913 flood caused seven deaths left 15 000 homeless and damaged over 5 500 buildings in the worst natural disaster in the city s history 38 As the automobile s prevalence grew Fort Wayne became a fixture on the Lincoln Highway 39 Aviation arrived in 1919 with the opening of the city s first airport Smith Field The airport served as Fort Wayne s primary commercial airfield until Baer Field now Fort Wayne International Airport was transferred to the city in 1947 after serving as a military base during World War II 40 The Lincoln Bank Tower was completed as Indiana s tallest building in 1930 Fort Wayne was hit by the Great Depression beginning in 1929 with most factories cutting their workforce 41 The stock market crash did not discourage plans to build the city s first skyscraper and Indiana s tallest building at the time the Lincoln Bank Tower 42 By 1935 the New Deal s WPA put over 7 000 residents back to work through local infrastructure improvements including the construction of new parks bridges viaducts and a 5 2 million sewage treatment facility 43 The post World War II economic boom helped the city prosper once again Between 1950 and 1955 more than 5 000 homes were built many in large subdivisions in rural Allen County 44 In 1950 Fort Wayne s first bypass Coliseum Boulevard opened on the north side of the city followed by the city s first arena War Memorial Coliseum bringing new opportunities for suburban expansion 45 The Coliseum was home to the NBA s Fort Wayne Pistons from 1952 to 1957 The opening of enclosed shopping malls and the construction of Interstate 69 through rural areas north and west of the city proper further drove the exodus of retail from downtown through the 1960s 46 According to the Fort Wayne Home Builders Association estimates more than 80 percent of new home construction occurred outside the city proper in the 1970s 47 Like many cities in the Rust Belt deindustrialization in the 1980s brought urban blight increased crime and a decrease in blue collar manufacturing jobs 48 Downtown and surrounding neighborhoods continued declining as residents and businesses sprawled further into rural Allen County 49 A 1982 flood forced an evacuation of 9 000 residents damaging 2 000 buildings and costing 56 1 million 1982 USD 137 million 2015 USD prompting a visit from then president of the United States Ronald Reagan 50 51 The 1990s marked a turnaround for the city as local leaders focused on crime reduction economic diversification and downtown redevelopment By 1999 Fort Wayne s crime rate decreased to levels not seen since 1974 and the city s economy recovered with the unemployment rate hovering at 2 4 percent in 1998 52 Clearing blighted buildings downtown resulted in new public greenspaces including Headwaters Park which has become the premier community gathering space and centerpiece in the city s 50 million flood control project Fort Wayne celebrated its bicentennial in 1994 53 54 The city continued to concentrate on downtown redevelopment and investment in the 2000s 55 The decade saw the beginnings of its transformation with renovations and expansions of the Allen County Public Library Grand Wayne Convention Center and Fort Wayne Museum of Art In 2007 the 130 million Harrison Square development was launched creating Parkview Field 56 Suburban growth continued with the opening of Fort Wayne s first lifestyle center Jefferson Pointe and the half billion dollar Parkview Regional Medical Center in 2012 57 Geography EditFort Wayne is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States in northeastern Indiana 18 miles 29 km west of Ohio and 50 miles 80 km south of Michigan According to the 2010 census Fort Wayne has a total area of 110 834 square miles 287 06 km2 of which 110 62 square miles 286 50 km2 or 99 81 is land and 0 214 square miles 0 55 km2 or 0 19 is water 58 Topography Edit Aerial of Fort Wayne in 2019 The St Marys River left and St Joseph River right converge to form the Maumee River foreground A flooded Superior Street in 1982 A flood gauge along the St Mary s PathwayFor a regional summit the city is situated on flat land characterized by little topographical relief a result of the Wisconsin glaciation episode 59 Receding glaciers eroded the land depositing an evenly distributed layer of sediment during the last glacial period The most distinguishable topographical feature is Cedar Creek Canyon just north of the city proper near Huntertown 59 The Fort Wayne Moraine follows two of the city s three rivers the St Marys and St Joseph The two rivers converge to form the Maumee which eventually empties into Lake Erie Land east of the moraine includes the former Great Black Swamp a lacustrine plain formed by Glacial Lake Maumee The Little River flows southwest of Fort Wayne a tributary of the Wabash River and remnant of the Maumee Torrent Fort Wayne is situated on the Saint Lawrence River Divide a continental divide separating the Great Lakes Basin from the Gulf of Mexico watershed The most important geographical feature of the area is the short distance overland between the Three Rivers system which eventually flows to the Atlantic and the Wabash system which eventually flows to the Gulf of Mexico This came to be the portage or carrying place over which travelers could transport their cargoes from one system to the next This natural crossroads attracted the Native Americans for thousands of years It later attracted the European explorers and traders and the American pioneer settlers who continued to develop the area as a transportation and communications center Chief Little Turtle of the Miami Nation expressed its importance eloquently at the treaty of Greenville in 1795 when he called it that glorious gate through which all the words of our chiefs had to pass through from north to south and from east to west Fort Wayne s urban tree canopy is 29 percent double the state average of 14 5 percent 60 and above the national average of 27 1 percent 61 The canopy is decreasing notably from development and the emerald ash borer infestation 60 Fort Wayne has been designated a Tree City USA since 1990 62 Cityscape Edit See also List of neighborhoods in Fort Wayne Indiana Downtown Fort Wayne looking south from the St Marys River Historically Fort Wayne has been divided into four unofficial quadrants northeast northwest southeast and southwest Calhoun Street divides the southwest and southeast while the St Joseph River divides the northwest and northeast quadrants The Maumee River separates the northeast and southeast while portions of the St Marys River and Chicago Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad separate the northwest and southwest quadrants 63 Fort Wayne s early 20th century development was influenced by the City Beautiful movement and centered on a park and boulevard plan conceived by urban planner Charles Mulford Robinson in 1909 and finalized by landscape architect George Kessler in 1912 The master plan proposed a network of parkways and boulevards connecting the city s three rivers and Spy Run Creek to dozens of neighborhoods and parks Several parks were designed by noted landscape architect Arthur Asahel Shurcliff Much of the original plan was implemented by 1955 In 2010 the Fort Wayne Park and Boulevard System was listed on the National Register of Historic Places consisting of 11 public parks four parkways and ten boulevards covering 1 883 acres 762 ha 64 65 Architecture Edit See also List of tallest buildings in Fort Wayne The Allen County Courthouse was completed in 1902 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003 During the 19th century Fort Wayne was dominated by Greek Revival Gothic Revival and Italianate architecture Examples of Greek Revival architecture remain in the city with one being the Richardville House 1827 a National Historic Landmark Gothic and Gothic Revival architecture can be found in some of the city s most prominent churches including Trinity English Lutheran Church 1846 Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception 1860 Trinity Episcopal Church 1865 and Saint Paul s Evangelical Lutheran Church 1889 66 Popular early 20th century architectural styles found in the city include Queen Anne Richardsonian Romanesque Neoclassical Colonial Revival Dutch Colonial Revival Tudor Revival Prairie American Craftsman American Foursquare and Art Deco Richardsonian Romanesque buildings include Fort Wayne City Hall 1893 and John H Bass Mansion 1902 each designed by Wing amp Mahurin Notable examples of Neoclassical architecture include the Masonic Temple 1926 and North Side High School 1927 Beaux Arts an architectural style closely related to Neoclassical gained popularity during the City Beautiful movement of the 1890s and early 1900s which is reflected in the Allen County Courthouse 1902 66 The Allen County Courthouse is one of two National Historic Landmarks in the city The Pennsylvania Railroad Station also known as Baker Street Station 1914 was designed in American Craftsman style At 312 feet 95 m the Art Deco style Lincoln Bank Tower was Fort Wayne s first high rise and Indiana s tallest building from 1930 to 1962 66 The E Ross Adair Federal Building and United States Courthouse 1932 is another example of Art Deco architecture Williams Woodland Park Historic District includes examples of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival residential homes 67 while the Forest Park Boulevard Historic District includes Tudor Revival homes 66 Modern and Postmodern architecture can be found in buildings constructed during the second half of the 20th century in Fort Wayne The John D Haynes House 1952 was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright while the campus of Concordia Theological Seminary 1953 was designed by Eero Saarinen Postmodern architect Michael Graves first commissions were built in the city including Hanselmann House 1967 and Snyderman House 1972 now demolished 68 Louis Kahn s design for the Arts United Center 1973 was inspired by a violin and its case 69 Other notable buildings include Indiana Michigan Power Center 1982 the tallest building in the city and tallest building in Indiana outside of Indianapolis at 442 feet 135 m 70 Climate Edit The Oakdale neighborhood after a January snow Fort Wayne lies in the humid continental climate zone Koppen Dfa experiencing four distinct seasons 71 The city is located in USDA hardiness zones 5b and 6a 72 Typically summers are hot humid and wet Winters are generally cold with moderate snowfall The average annual precipitation is 38 34 in 974 mm recorded at Fort Wayne International Airport During the winter season snowfall accumulation averages 33 5 in 85 cm per year Lake effect snow is not uncommon to the region but usually appears in the form of light snow flurries The National Weather Service reports the highest recorded temperature in the city at 106 F 41 C most recently on June 28 2012 and the lowest recorded temperature at 24 F 31 C on January 12 1918 73 The wettest month on record was June 2015 with 11 98 in 304 mm of precipitation 74 The greatest 24 hour rainfall was 4 93 in 125 mm on August 1 1926 The snowiest month on record was January 2014 with 30 3 in 77 cm of snowfall 75 The greatest calendar day snowfall was 18 0 in 46 cm on February 28 1900 76 Severe weather is not uncommon particularly in the spring and summer months the city experiences an average of 39 thunderstorm days and about 10 severe weather days annually 77 An F2 tornado struck northern Fort Wayne on May 26 2001 injuring three and causing damage along the Coliseum Boulevard corridor and a subdivision 78 Fort Wayne experienced 91 mph 146 km h wind gusts in the June 2012 North American derecho knocking out power to 78 000 uprooting approximately 500 trees 79 and costing 2 5 million 80 Climate data for Fort Wayne Indiana Fort Wayne Int l 1991 2020 normals b extremes 1897 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 69 21 73 23 87 31 90 32 97 36 106 41 106 41 102 39 100 38 91 33 79 26 71 22 106 41 Mean maximum F C 54 9 12 7 58 2 14 6 70 9 21 6 80 4 26 9 88 2 31 2 93 5 34 2 93 0 33 9 91 3 32 9 89 5 31 9 82 6 28 1 68 1 20 1 57 8 14 3 95 1 35 1 Average high F C 32 6 0 3 36 5 2 5 47 8 8 8 60 9 16 1 72 2 22 3 81 0 27 2 84 1 28 9 82 0 27 8 76 1 24 5 63 7 17 6 49 4 9 7 37 5 3 1 60 3 15 7 Daily mean F C 25 5 3 6 28 7 1 8 38 6 3 7 50 2 10 1 61 3 16 3 70 7 21 5 73 8 23 2 71 6 22 0 64 8 18 2 53 2 11 8 41 1 5 1 30 9 0 6 50 9 10 5 Average low F C 18 4 7 6 21 0 6 1 29 4 1 4 39 4 4 1 50 4 10 2 60 3 15 7 63 5 17 5 61 2 16 2 53 4 11 9 42 8 6 0 32 8 0 4 24 2 4 3 41 4 5 2 Mean minimum F C 4 1 20 1 1 0 17 2 11 4 11 4 24 0 4 4 35 1 1 7 46 6 8 1 52 4 11 3 49 9 9 9 39 3 4 1 28 5 1 9 18 1 7 7 4 9 15 1 7 1 21 7 Record low F C 24 31 19 28 10 23 7 14 23 5 36 2 38 3 38 3 29 2 19 7 1 18 18 28 24 31 Average precipitation inches mm 2 54 65 2 06 52 2 81 71 3 74 95 4 58 116 4 48 114 4 05 103 3 80 97 3 04 77 2 95 75 2 96 75 2 47 63 39 48 1 003 Average snowfall inches cm 10 8 27 7 8 20 4 6 12 0 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 1 9 4 8 7 6 19 33 6 85 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 13 2 10 7 11 7 13 2 13 7 11 9 9 7 9 2 9 1 10 1 10 5 12 4 135 4Average snowy days 0 1 in 10 1 7 5 4 5 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 8 7 7 34 0Average relative humidity 75 7 74 3 71 7 66 2 65 5 66 3 69 4 73 3 73 2 71 5 76 0 78 9 71 8Mean monthly sunshine hours 148 5 158 5 206 3 251 4 311 9 340 0 347 0 318 2 258 1 207 6 124 2 108 2 2 779 9Percent possible sunshine 50 53 56 63 69 75 76 75 69 60 42 38 62Source NOAA relative humidity and sun 1961 1990 81 82 83 Demographics EditHistorical populationCensus Pop 18504 282 18607 000 84 c 63 5 187017 718153 1 188026 88051 7 189035 39331 7 190045 11527 5 191063 93341 7 192086 54935 4 1930114 94632 8 1940118 4103 0 1950133 60712 8 1960161 77621 1 1970178 26910 2 1980172 196 3 4 1990173 0720 5 2000205 72718 9 2010253 69123 3 2020263 8864 0 U S Decennial Census 86 2010 2020 87 2020 census Edit Fort Wayne city Indiana Demographic Profile NH Non Hispanic Race Ethnicity Pop 2010 88 Pop 2020 87 2010 2020 ChangeWhite alone NH 178 436 165 865 70 34 62 85 7 49 Black or African American alone NH 38 514 39 560 15 18 14 99 19 Native American or Alaska Native alone NH 730 627 0 29 0 24 05 Asian alone NH 8 279 15 229 3 26 5 77 2 51 Pacific Islander alone NH 91 108 0 04 0 04 Some Other Race alone NH 542 1 517 0 21 0 57 36 Mixed Race Multi Racial NH 6 899 13 084 2 72 4 96 2 24 Hispanic or Latino any race 20 200 27 896 7 96 10 57 2 61 Total 253 691 263 886 100 00 100 00 Note the US Census treats Hispanic Latino as an ethnic category This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category Hispanics Latinos can be of any race 2010 census Edit Map of racial distribution in Fort Wayne 2010 U S Census Each dot is 25 people White Black Asian Hispanic Other According to the 2010 census there were 253 691 people and 113 541 households The racial makeup of the city is 73 62 White 15 41 Black or African American 0 37 Native American or Alaska Native 3 3 Asian 1 4 Burmese 0 4 Indian 0 3 Vietnamese 0 2 Chinese 0 2 Filipino 0 1 Korean 0 1 Laotian 0 1 Thai 0 06 Pacific Islander 3 72 from other races and 3 52 from two or more races 7 96 of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race Among the Hispanic population 6 1 are Mexican 0 4 Puerto Rican and 0 3 Guatemalan 89 Non Hispanic Whites were 70 3 of the population in 2010 90 down from 87 7 in 1970 91 There were 101 585 households of which 30 1 had children under the age of 18 living with them 42 3 were married couples living together 14 8 had a female householder with no husband present 4 9 had a male householder with no wife present and 38 0 were non families 31 2 of all households were made up of individuals and 9 7 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 44 and the average family size was 3 09 The median age in the city was 34 5 years 26 4 of residents were under the age of 18 10 2 were between the ages of 18 and 24 26 5 were from 25 to 44 24 9 were from 45 to 64 and 12 were 65 years of age or older The gender makeup of the city was 48 4 male and 51 6 female Fort Wayne has one of the largest Burmese American population in the U S estimated at 8 000 92 93 Burmese refugee settlement and secondary migrants doubled the city s Asian population between 2000 and 2010 94 Religion Edit Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception co cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne South Bend Fort Wayne is sometimes referred to as the City of Churches an unofficial moniker dating to the late 19th century when the city was the regional hub of Catholic Lutheran and Episcopal faiths 95 Today there are 360 churches in the city 96 54 percent of Fort Wayne residents identify as religious where 16 percent are Catholic 9 percent are Lutheran 6 5 percent are Baptist 5 percent are Methodist and 0 14 percent are Jewish with 16 5 percent adhering to other Christian faiths 97 Increasing religious minorities are found among the city s immigrant communities including Buddhism Hinduism and Islam 98 Major churches include the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception Saint Paul s Evangelical Lutheran Church and Trinity Episcopal Church Fort Wayne s Reform Judaism population is served by Congregation Achduth Vesholom the oldest Jewish congregation in Indiana founded in 1848 99 In 2013 construction began on the first Burmese Muslim mosque to be built worldwide since the mid 1970s 100 As of December 2012 four national Christian denominations were headquartered in the city the American Association of Lutheran Churches the Fundamental Baptist Fellowship Association the Missionary Church and the Fellowship of Evangelical Churches Fort Wayne is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne South Bend covering 14 counties in Northern Indiana and the Indiana District of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod encompassing all of Indiana and north central Kentucky Economy Edit The vacant General Electric complex consists of 30 acres 12 ha and 12 buildings 101 In 2017 the Fort Wayne metropolitan area had a gross domestic product GDP of 25 7 billion The top four industries were manufacturing 8 1B health care 2 54B retail trade 1 4B and finance and insurance 1 3B Government if it had been a private industry would have tied for third generating 1 4 billion 102 Manufacturing is deeply rooted in Fort Wayne s economic history dating to the earliest days of the city s growth as an important trade stop along the Wabash and Erie Canal Railroads introduced shortly after the canal s arrival eased travel from Fort Wayne to other booming industrial centers along the Great Lakes such as Chicago Detroit Toledo and Cleveland Throughout the early and mid 20th century manufacturing dominated the city s economic landscape From 1900 to 1930 Fort Wayne s industrial output expanded by 747 percent with total production valued at 95 million in 1929 up from 11 million in 1899 103 The total workforce also increased from 18 000 in 1900 to nearly 50 000 in 1930 103 Companies that had a significant presence in the city include Dana Holding Corporation Falstaff Brewing Corporation 104 Fruehauf Corporation General Electric International Harvester Magnavox Old Crown Brewing Corporation and Tokheim among several others producing goods such as refrigerators washing machines automatic phonographs meat packing products televisions garbage disposals automotive parts and motors trailers gasoline pumps trucks beer tents and awnings 105 Magnet wire production became an especially vital component to the city s economy In 1960 Fort Wayne was at the center of the United States magnet wire industry home to New Haven Wire and Cable Company Phelps Dodge Rea Magnet Wire Superior Essex and an operation at General Electric producing nearly 90 percent of North America s magnet wire 106 Abraham Lincoln The Hoosier Youth stands in front of Lincoln Financial Group s downtown offices The 1970s and 1980s were times of economic depression in Fort Wayne when much of the city s manufacturing foundation eroded and the blue collar workforce shrank Fort Wayne joined several other cities reeling economically within the Rust Belt 107 At the same time General Electric also downsized much of its more than 10 000 person workforce 108 Amid other area plant closures and downsizing coupled with the early 1980s recession the city lost 30 000 jobs and reached a 12 1 percent unemployment rate 109 The arrival of General Motors in 1987 helped fill the void from shuttered manufacturers and aided in the area s recovery employing 3 000 at its Fort Wayne Assembly 110 In 2017 General Motors was the largest manufacturer in the city employing 4 100 assembling Chevrolet Silverado regular and double cab light and heavy duty pickup trucks 111 Through the 1990s and into the 2000s the city diversified its economy manufacturing now employs 16 9 percent of Allen County s workforce 19 Other sectors include distribution transportation and logistics 23 1 percent health care 17 9 percent professional and business services 12 1 percent leisure and hospitality 11 1 percent and financial services 6 3 percent 19 The leisure and hospitality sector has especially grown with 5 8 million visitors spending 545 million in 2013 a 4 3 percent increase over the previous year 112 The city is a center for the defense industry employing thousands at such companies as BAE Systems 1 150 Harris Corporation 888 Raytheon Technologies 950 and the Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station 423 20 Despite economic diversification the city was significantly impacted by the Great Recession According to a report from Pew Research Center the city lost nearly a quarter of its manufacturing jobs and 11 of its economic status between 2000 and 2014 113 Economic Innovation Group s 2016 Distressed Communities Index Report ranked Fort Wayne among the most unequal large cities in the U S in terms of linking economic opportunities to its distressed zip codes As of 2017 update Allen County s labor force was 180 637 with an unemployment rate of 2 5 percent 19 114 Companies based in Fort Wayne include Brotherhood Mutual Do it Best Franklin Electric Frontier Communications Central Region 115 Genteq Indiana Michigan Power K amp K Insurance MedPro Group North American Van Lines Rea Magnet Wire Steel Dynamics Sweetwater Sound and Vera Bradley Steel Dynamics is the only Fortune 500 company headquartered in the city ranking 354th 116 Founded in 1905 Lincoln Financial Group was based in Fort Wayne until its move to suburban Philadelphia in 1999 117 The company maintains a large presence in the city employing nearly 2 000 118 Culture EditPerforming arts Edit The Embassy Theatre opened in 1928 as a movie palace The Embassy Theatre is a 2 471 seat performing arts theater which hosts over 200 000 patrons annually 119 Since its founding in 1944 the Fort Wayne Philharmonic Orchestra has often been hosted at the Embassy 120 The University of Saint Francis Robert Goldstine Performing Arts Center located on its Downtown Campus contains a 2 086 seat auditorium 121 Since its establishment in 2010 the Cultural District has been home to several of the city s cultural institutions including the Fort Wayne Museum of Art Auer Center for Arts and Culture Arts United Center and Hall Community Arts Center 122 Arts United Center houses the Fort Wayne Civic Theater Fort Wayne Dance Collective and Fort Wayne Youtheatre Auer Center for Arts and Culture houses Fort Wayne Ballet Hall Community Arts Center houses Cinema Center an independent film venue Though used mainly for exhibitions and conventions the Grand Wayne Convention Center hosts dance and choir productions such as the annual Foundation for Art and Music in Education FAME Northeast Festival 123 Foellinger Theatre a 2 500 seat amphitheater in Franke Park hosts seasonal acts and outdoor concerts during warmer months 124 Located west of downtown Arena Dinner Theatre is a nonprofit community arts corporation with a focus on live theater production annually hosting seven full length theatrical productions 125 Attractions Edit Science Central opened in the city s former municipal power plant in 1995 The Fort Wayne Children s Zoo has been lauded as one of the nation s foremost zoos 126 127 Covering 40 acres 16 ha and containing 1 000 animals of 200 different species the zoo is the largest regional attraction regularly drawing over 500 000 visitors annually 128 129 The Foellinger Freimann Botanical Conservatory gardens cover 24 500 square foot 2 280 m2 displaying over 1 200 plants of 502 different species and 72 types of cacti 130 Science Central an interactive science center contains permanent displays and temporary exhibits drawing 130 000 visitors annually 131 Established in 1921 the Fort Wayne Museum of Art FWMoA is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums specializing in the collection and exhibition of American art 132 The FWMoA annually receives 100 000 visitors 133 The History Center located in Fort Wayne s Old City Hall manages a collection of more than 23 000 artifacts recalling the region s history 134 The center is overseen by the Allen County Fort Wayne Historical Society which maintains the Richardville House one of two National Historic Landmarks in the city Historic Fort Wayne a replica of the 1815 fortification hosts scheduled tours and historical reenactments throughout the year 135 Other cultural museums include the African African American Historical Museum 136 Fort Wayne Firefighters Museum 137 Greater Fort Wayne Aviation Museum 138 and Baer Field Heritage Air Park The Allen County Public Library s Fred J Reynolds Historical Genealogy Department is the second largest genealogy collection in North America 139 The collection contains 350 000 printed volumes and 513 000 items of microfilm and microfiche 140 Festivals and events Edit A concert during the 42nd Three Rivers Festival in 2010 The city hosts a variety of cultural festivals and events annually Festivals commemorating ethnic food dance music and art include Germanfest 141 Greek Festival and Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival 142 Initiated in 1997 Fort Wayne Pride celebrates northeast Indiana s LGBTQ community 143 BBQ RibFest showcases barbecue rib cooks and live entertainment attracting 40 000 visitors annually 144 Fort4Fitness is a certified half marathon 4 mile 6 4 km run walk and health fair Over 9 000 participated in the 2011 half marathon 145 In 2012 Fort4Fitness debuted a spring cycle Bike the Fort which included three bicycling tours with over 1 000 participants 146 HolidayFest begins with the Night of Lights on Thanksgiving eve with the lighting of the PNC Santa and Reindeer Wells Fargo Holiday Display and Indiana Michigan Power Christmas Wreath ending with a fireworks finale at Parkview Field 147 Fort Wayne style Coney Island hot dogs developed in 1914 by Macedonian immigrants in the city The largest annual events in the city are the Johnny Appleseed Festival Taste of the Arts Middlewaves and the Three Rivers Festival The Johnny Appleseed Festival draws 300 000 visitors The festival is held at Johnny Appleseed Park where American folklore legend John Chapman is believed to be buried 148 Apple themed cuisine crafts and historical demonstrations recalling 19th century American pioneering are among some of the festival s events 149 Three Rivers Festival a celebration of Fort Wayne spans nine days each July attracting 400 000 visitors 150 Three Rivers features over 200 events including a parade midway hot dog eating contest bed race raft race arts fair and fireworks spectacular Other annual events include the Allen County Fair 151 BAALS Music Festival National Soccer Festival 152 153 and the Vera Bradley Outlet Sale 154 Sports Edit Allen County War Memorial Coliseum top and Parkview Field bottom Main article Sports in Fort Wayne Indiana Fort Wayne is home to three minor league sports franchises the ECHL s Fort Wayne Komets the High A Central s Fort Wayne TinCaps and the NBA G League s Fort Wayne Mad Ants who are owned and operated by their parent club the Indiana Pacers Fort Wayne also hosts the Fort Wayne Derby Girls of the Women s Flat Track Derby Association Division 2 These teams compete at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum Parkview Field is home to the TinCaps The city has been home to other professional sports franchises including the National Basketball Association s Fort Wayne Pistons which moved to Detroit in 1957 the Fort Wayne Daisies of the All American Girls Professional Baseball League and the Fort Wayne Kekiongas of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players precursor to Major League Baseball Intercollegiate sports in the city include the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons representing Purdue University Fort Wayne PFW in the NCAA s Division I Horizon League and NAIA schools Indiana Tech Wolverine Hoosier Athletic Conference and University of Saint Francis Crossroads League and Mid States Football Association The Mastodons had represented Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne IPFW prior to its 2018 split into two separate institutions see below and from 2016 to 2018 were branded as the Fort Wayne Mastodons but the athletic brand was changed to Purdue Fort Wayne shortly before the split took effect 155 Some notable events in sports history occurred in Fort Wayne On June 2 1883 Fort Wayne hosted the Quincy Professionals for one of the first lighted evening baseball games ever recorded 156 Fort Wayne is also credited as the birthplace of the NBA as Pistons coach Carl Bennett brokered the merger of the BAA and the NBL in 1948 from his Alexander Street home 157 158 159 On March 10 1961 Wilt Chamberlain became the first player in the NBA to reach 3 000 points in a single season while competing at the War Memorial Coliseum 157 160 Parks and recreation EditSee also List of parks in Fort Wayne Indiana Tulips bloom in Foster Park Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation maintains 86 public parks totaling 2 805 acres 1 135 ha 96 Three public and 20 private golf courses are located in Allen County 161 Franke Park is the most extensive city park covering 339 24 acres 137 3 ha 162 Franke is home to the Foellinger Theatre Shoaff Lake and the Fort Wayne Children s Zoo Other notable parks include Johnny Appleseed Park home to a campground and John Chapman s grave and McCulloch Park home to Samuel Bigger s grave Foellinger Freimann Botanical Conservatory Headwaters Park Lawton Skatepark and Historic Fort Wayne are located downtown Hurshtown Reservoir near Grabill is the largest body of water in Allen County and is popular with watersports enthusiasts for sailing and fishing Some 300 lakes are located within 50 miles 80 km of the city 163 Located downtown along the St Marys River Fort Wayne Outfitters offers canoe kayak stand up paddle board and pontoon boat rentals for recreation along the three rivers 164 Canoeing on the St Marys River Starting in the 1970s the city developed a system of recreational trails along the riverbanks known as the Rivergreenway with the aim of beautifying the riverfronts and promoting active lifestyles for residents 165 The Rivergreenway was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2009 166 As of 2018 the Rivergreenway had expanded with additional trails to encompass nearly 180 miles 290 km throughout the city and county with about 550 000 annual users 167 With the expansion of trails in recent years cycling has become an emerging mode of transportation for residents In 2009 the city s first bicycle lanes were established 168 with the installation of 250 bike parking places 169 In 2016 Fort Wayne was designated a Bronze Level bicycle friendly community by the League of American Bicyclists 170 According to the Trust for Public Land s 2017 ParkScore Index some 56 of Fort Wayne residents are underserved 171 Government EditSee also List of mayors of Fort Wayne Indiana A statue of General Mad Anthony Wayne namesake of the city stands in Freimann Square The Allen County Courthouse center and the Rousseau Centre right home to city and county offices Fort Wayne has a mayor council government 172 The mayor city clerk and city council members serve four year terms Fort Wayne s mayor is Tom Henry a Democrat who was elected in 2007 Henry succeeded Democrat Graham Richard who chose not to run for re election after two terms as mayor Henry was re elected to a third term in 2015 Henry was re elected to a fourth term in 2019 173 Karl Bandemer was appointed deputy mayor in 2013 174 Lana Keesling was elected city clerk in 2015 175 Fort Wayne City Council has nine elected members one representative from each of the city s six council districts and three at large members serving four year terms 172 The city is represented in the Indiana General Assembly by three Senate Districts and seven House Districts Fort Wayne s state senators include Dennis Kruse 14th District Liz Brown 15th and David Long 16th Representatives include Dan Leonard 50th District Ben Smaltz 52nd Phil GiaQuinta 80th Martin Carbaugh 81st Christopher Judy 83rd Bob Morris 84th and Dave Heine 85th Federally Fort Wayne is part of Indiana s 3rd congressional district represented by Republican Jim Banks who was first elected in 2016 Under the Unigov provision of Indiana Law Fort Wayne would have automatically consolidated with Allen County when its population exceeded 250 000 previously the minimum population for a first class city in Indiana 176 Fort Wayne nearly met the state requirements for first class city designation on January 1 2006 when 12 8 square miles 33 km2 of neighboring Aboite Township and a small section of Wayne Township including 25 094 people were annexed 177 However a 2004 legislative change raised the population threshold for first class status from 250 000 to 600 000 which ensured Indianapolis status as the only first class city in Indiana 178 Fort Wayne s E Ross Adair Federal Building and U S Courthouse houses the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana which was authorized by Congress in 1928 Municipal and state laws are enforced by the Fort Wayne Police Department an organization of 460 officers 179 In 2006 Fort Wayne s crime rate was 5104 1 per 100 000 people slightly above the national average of 4479 3 180 There were 18 murders 404 robberies and 2 128 burglaries in 2006 180 Steve Reed was appointed to the position of police chief in 2016 181 In 2014 former police chief Rusty York was appointed to the position of director of public safety York previously served as police chief from 2000 to 2014 182 The city is currently served by the Allen County Jail in downtown Fort Wayne controlled by the Allen County Sheriff s department In January 2020 a class action lawsuit was filed by Vincent Morris an inmate at the jail and the ACLU of Indiana against the Sheriff of Allen County 183 The lawsuit alleges understaffing of the jail as well as overpopulation among other complaints resulting in dangerous housing conditions 184 In March 2022 Judge Damon Leichty of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana ruled that conditions in the jail were in violation of the 8th Amendment and 14th Amendment In his injunction Judge Leichty ruled that there needed to be substantial progress in the construction of a new jail with expanding capacity Since this injunction there have been 8 proposed sites for the new jail to be constructed with the most prominent being at the Allen County Sheriffs department training facility land off of Paulding and Adams Center Roads which the county already owns 185 However this location is being heavily contested for being on the Southeast side of Fort Wayne as another negative for an already disadvantaged area 186 At its current location the jail also sits on what is very valuable land given the city s recent riverfront development right in between some hallmark developments for the revitalization of the downtown area 187 As of 2010 the Fort Wayne Fire Department included 375 uniformed firefighters and 18 fire stations 188 Eric Lahey was appointed fire chief in 2014 189 Politics Edit Voter registration and Partisan Primary Participation 190 Party Number of voters PercentageDemocratic 31 798 20 61 Republican 35 452 22 97 Unaffiliated 86 154 55 83 Other 917 0 59 Total 154 321 100 Education EditPrimary and secondary education Edit Allen County public school districts FWCS pink EACS yellow NACS blue SACS green Fort Wayne Community Schools FWCS is the largest public school district in Indiana 191 enrolling 30 981 students as of the 2013 2014 academic year FWCS operate 51 facilities including 31 elementary schools ten middle schools and five high schools The student body is diverse with 75 spoken languages in the district 192 East Allen County Schools EACS operate 14 schools with a total enrollment of 10 010 193 Northwest Allen County Schools NACS operate seven elementary schools two middle schools and one high school with a total enrollment of 6 853 194 Southwest Allen County Schools SACS operate six elementary schools two middle schools and one high school with a total enrollment of 6 995 195 196 Private primary and secondary education is offered largely through Lutheran Schools of Indiana and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne South Bend Amish Parochial Schools of Indiana has schools through eighth grade in rural eastern Allen County 197 Higher education Edit Fort Wayne hosts institutions affiliated with both of Indiana s major state university systems Indiana University Fort Wayne IU Fort Wayne and Purdue University Fort Wayne PFW were established in July 2018 after the dissolution of Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne IPFW which had enrolled over 13 000 students prior to its closure and was the state s fifth largest public university 198 IPFW s degree programs in health sciences are now operated by IU Fort Wayne as such that institution is now home to the Fort Wayne Center for Medical Education a branch of the Indiana University School of Medicine All remaining IPFW degree programs were taken over by PFW 199 Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana also contains two campuses in the city Three private universities are located in the city including Concordia Theological Seminary Indiana Institute of Technology and the University of Saint Francis Private universities with regional branches in Fort Wayne include Crossroads Bible College Grace College and Theological Seminary Huntington University Indiana Wesleyan University Manchester University College of Pharmacy and Trine University Libraries Edit Composed of 14 branches the Allen County Public Library is among the 20 largest public libraries in the U S and ranks 89th factoring in academic libraries with 3 4 million volumes 200 The library s foundation is also among the nation s largest with 14 million in assets 201 The entire library system underwent an 84 1 million overhaul from 2002 to 2007 202 In 2009 over 7 4 million materials were borrowed by patrons with over 3 million visits made throughout the library system 203 The library houses the second largest genealogy research collection in the United States and the largest in a public library Media EditSee also Media in Fort Wayne Indiana Major broadcasting network affiliates include WANE TV CBS WPTA TV ABC NBC WISE TV CW WFFT TV Fox and WFWA TV PBS Northeast Indiana s PBS member station Religious broadcasters include WINM Access Fort Wayne maintains Fort Wayne and Allen County s Public Access capabilities serving from the Allen County Public Library One National Public Radio station is based in the city WBOI with the new WELT Community Radio Station transmitting from the Allen County Public Library Fort Wayne is served by two primary newspapers the Journal Gazette and Pulitzer Prize winning News Sentinel 204 The two dailies have separate editorial departments but under a joint operating agreement printing advertising and circulation are handled by Fort Wayne Newspapers Inc The News Sentinel announced that it would cease printing operations in favor of digital publishing in August 2017 Infrastructure EditTransportation Edit An A 10 Warthog after completing a training mission at the Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station Fort Wayne includes two municipal airports both managed by the Fort Wayne Allen County Airport Authority Fort Wayne International Airport FWA is the city s primary commercial airport with five airlines offering direct service to 13 domestic connections The airport is Indiana s second busiest with over 350 000 passenger enplanements in 2015 205 Fort Wayne International is also home to the 122d Fighter Wing s Fort Wayne Air National Guard Station 206 Smith Field in northern Fort Wayne is used primarily for general aviation 207 Fort Wayne is served by a single Interstate Interstate 69 along with an auxiliary beltway Interstate 469 Once the State Road 37 expressway between Bloomington and Martinsville is completed in 2018 filling a gap in I 69 that exists south of Indianapolis the road will run south to Evansville it currently runs north to the Canada United States border at Port Huron Michigan In the coming years I 69 will extend to the US Mexico border in Texas with branches ending in Laredo Pharr and Brownsville Four U S Routes bisect the city including US 24 US 27 US 30 and US 33 Five Indiana State Roads also meet in the city including State Road 1 State Road 3 State Road 14 State Road 37 and State Road 930 Airport Expressway a four lane divided highway links Fort Wayne International Airport directly to I 69 208 About 85 percent of residents commute alone by personal vehicle while another eight percent carpool 209 Unlike most cities comparable to its size Fort Wayne does not have an urban freeway system In 1946 planners proposed a 27 million federally funded freeway crossing east west and north south through downtown 210 Opponents successfully campaigned against the proposal objecting to the demolition of nearly 1 500 homes at the time of the post World War II housing shortage while playing on fears that the project would force displaced minorities into white neighborhoods 211 212 In 1947 Fort Wayne residents voted down the referendum that would have allowed for its construction dubbed the Anthony Wayne Parkway 213 Beginning in 1962 construction commenced for I 69 in suburban Fort Wayne 214 47 The I 469 beltway around the southern and eastern fringes of Fort Wayne and New Haven was constructed between 1988 and 1995 as the largest public works project in Allen County history at 207 million 213 Pennsylvania Railroad Station has stood as a landmark to the city s railroad heritage since 1914 Amtrak s Capitol Limited Chicago Toledo Cleveland Pittsburgh Washington D C and Amtrak s Lake Shore Limited Chicago Toledo Cleveland Buffalo Albany split to Boston and to New York City are the closest passenger rail services to Fort Wayne located 25 miles 40 km north at Waterloo Station Service by Amtrak ended in 1990 when the Broadway Limited was rerouted away from Fort Wayne s Pennsylvania Station Until 1961 the Pennsylvania Railroad operated the north south Northern Arrow through the station Other stations in Fort Wayne served the passenger trains of the Chicago Indianapolis and Louisville Railway Monon Railroad and the Wabash Railroad hosting the east west Wabash Cannon Ball 215 216 There has been a movement to bring direct passenger rail service back in the form of Amtrak or high speed rail service 217 In 2013 a feasibility study was published outlining the impacts of a proposed Columbus Fort Wayne Chicago high speed rail corridor At 300 miles 480 km the route would cost 1 29 billion and generate some 7 1 billion in economic benefits to the region 218 Freight service is provided by a class I railroad Norfolk Southern and two class III railroads 219 Fort Wayne is headquarters and main operations hub of Norfolk Southern s Triple Crown Services subsidiary the largest truckload shipper in the U S 219 Fort Wayne s mass transit system is managed by the Fort Wayne Public Transportation Corporation Citilink providing 12 bus routes through the cities of Fort Wayne and New Haven via downtown s Central Station 220 CampusLink debuted in 2009 as a free shuttle service for students faculty and general public traveling between Ivy Tech s Coliseum and North campuses IPFW and its student housing on the Waterfield Campus and shopping and residential areas 221 MedLink debuted in 2013 connecting Parkview Regional Medical Center with Parkview Health s Randallia campus 222 Despite annual ridership of 2 2 million 221 less than one percent of residents commute by public transportation 209 Fort Wayne is served by two intercity bus providers Greyhound Lines Indianapolis Toledo Detroit and Lakefront Lines Chicago Columbus Akron 223 In 2016 the city introduced its first bike sharing program including five stations and 25 bicycles 224 Healthcare Edit Fort Wayne is served by ten medical centers belonging to one of two regional healthcare providers in the city Parkview Health System and Lutheran Health Network Notable hospitals include Dupont Hospital Lutheran Hospital of Indiana Parkview Regional Medical Center Parkview Hospital Randallia and St Joseph Hospital Over 1 600 patient beds are available throughout the city s healthcare system 225 As of 2017 update both healthcare systems were the city s first and second largest employers respectively and contribute to a total healthcare workforce in Allen County of 34 000 225 VA Northern Indiana Health Care System s Fort Wayne Campus provides medical services through the Department of Veterans Affairs 226 Utilities Edit City Utilities is the largest municipally owned water utility in Indiana supplying residents with 72 million US gallons 270 000 m3 of water per day from the St Joseph River via the Three Rivers Water Filtration Plant 227 Sanitary sewer treatment is also managed by City Utilities The City of Fort Wayne offers full curbside recycling and solid waste collection services for residents presently contracted through Red River Waste Solutions Electricity is provided by Indiana Michigan Power a subsidiary of American Electric Power while natural gas is supplied by Northern Indiana Public Service Company NIPSCO a subsidiary of NiSource All tier 1 networks and several additional telecommunication service providers cover the Fort Wayne rate area 228 Notable people EditMain article List of people from Fort Wayne IndianaSister cities EditFort Wayne has four sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International 229 Takaoka Toyama Japan 1977 Plock Masovian Poland 1990 Gera Thuringia Germany 1992 Taizhou Zhejiang China 2012 Friendship city Mawlamyine Mon State Burma Myanmar 2015 230 See also Edit Geography portal North America portal United States portal Indiana portalFort Wayne fort Kekionga Fort Miami List of public art in Fort Wayne Indiana Northern Indiana Siege of Fort WayneNotes Edit According to J Dunn Jr this name was usually said to mean blackberry patch or blackberry bush this plant being considered an emblem of antiquity because it sprang up on the sites of old villages This theory rests on the testimony of Barron a longtime French trader on the Wabash It is more probable that Kekionga is a corruption or dialect form of Kiskakon or Kikakon which was the original name of the place J P Dunn 23 But Michael McCafferty an Algonquian and Uto Aztecan linguist professor at Indiana University exhaustively examined the etymology of Kekionga and dismissed Dunn s explanation and several others See the chapter Trails to Kekionga in the relevantly titled Native American Place Names of Indiana Urbana and Chicago University of Illinois Press 2008 esp p 76 In the 1680s French traders established a post near Kekionga due to its location on a portage between the Great Lakes and Mississippi River 24 Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 The commonly cited figure of 10 388 was the count for Wayne Township rather than the city of Fort Wayne which did not have a separate population figure reported in 1860 85 References Edit Fort Wayne History Retrieved April 27 2015 Salter Rodriguez Rosa June 22 2007 Census stats can t back up old moniker The Journal Gazette Lohrmann Shannon Flood brought out our best The News Sentinel Olson Eric February 29 2012 30th anniversary of the Great Flood of 1982 Where were you WPTA TV Archived from the original on June 28 2014 Retrieved July 19 2013 Crothers Julie August 16 2013 Righting a toppled icon fortwayne com Archived from the original on May 18 2015 Retrieved April 27 2015 Phelps Dodge Magnet Wire to consolidate operations to Fort Wayne Inside Indiana Business February 16 2004 Archived from the original on June 28 2014 Retrieved July 18 2013 2019 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved July 16 2020 U S Census website U S Census Bureau Retrieved August 16 2021 US Board on Geographic Names U S Geological Survey October 25 2007 Retrieved January 31 2008 Find a County National Association of Counties Archived from the original on May 31 2011 Retrieved June 7 2011 Fort Wayne IN to S State Line Rd amp State Road 14 Woodburn 46797 Google Maps Google Maps Retrieved August 15 2010 Fort Wayne IN to Windy Shore Dr Coldwater MI 49036 Google Maps Google Maps Retrieved August 15 2010 U S Census Bureau QuickFacts Fort Wayne city Indiana www census gov Retrieved October 12 2021 Census profile Fort Wayne IN Metro Area Census Reporter Retrieved August 19 2022 Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas U S Census Bureau July 1 2011 Archived from the original on October 20 2013 Retrieved October 19 2013 Brice Wallace A 1868 History of Fort Wayne from the Earliest Known Accounts of this Point to the Present Period D W Jones amp Son a b c Poinsatte 18 a b c Fort Wayne History City of Fort Wayne Retrieved September 5 2008 a b c d Annual Labor Force Greater Fort Wayne Inc 2014 Archived from the original on May 11 2016 Retrieved May 12 2016 a b Communications amp Defense Fort Wayne Allen County Economic Development Alliance 2012 Archived from the original on December 23 2014 Retrieved April 27 2015 Filchak Devan June 10 2021 City again chosen All America The Journal Gazette Retrieved June 11 2021 The U S Conference of Mayors Waste Management 1999 City Livability Awards Program U S Conference of Mayors 1999 Archived from the original on January 7 2009 Retrieved April 8 2014 INDIANA A REDEMPTION FROM SLAVERY New York Houghton Mifflin and Company 1888 48 Note 1 Goodrich De Witt C and Charles Richard Tuttle 1875 An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana NP R S Peale amp Co ND Peckham Howard Henry 2003 Indiana A History W W Norton ISBN 0 252 07146 8 Poinsatte 33 Poinsatte 34 Savage Charlie July 31 2020 When the Culture Wars Hit Fort Wayne Politico Magazine Retrieved September 4 2020 Wesley Edgar Bruce 1935 Guarding the frontier The University of Minnesota Press p 38 Poinsatte Charles R 1969 Fort Wayne During the Canal Era 1828 1855 Indianapolis Indiana Indiana Historic Bureau pp 2 4 The Landing Architecture amp Community Heritage Fort Wayne Indiana October 28 2014 Retrieved July 4 2017 Beatty 2006 p 28 Fort Wayne History County Seat Becomes Industrial Center Retrieved on May 4 2008 Stover John F 1982 Transportation and the Early Nation Indianapolis Indiana Indianapolis Historic Society pp 141 142 Beatty 2006 p 73 Beatty 2006 p 350 355 USDOJ US Attorney s Office Northern District of Indiana Retrieved on May 15 2013 Jarosh Andrew Heroism tragedy color story of Fort Wayne s worst flood in 1913 The News Sentinel Retrieved December 29 2012 Beatty 2006 p 192 Beatty 2006 p 198 202 Iwan Morgan Fort Wayne and the Great Depression The Early Years 1929 1933 Indiana Magazine of History June 1984 Vol 80 Issue 2 pp 122 145 online Haas Zuber Connie November 30 2010 Lincoln Tower rises above its times Fort Wayne Monthly Archived from the original on February 2 2014 Retrieved December 29 2012 U S Writers Program Indiana a Guide to the Hoosier State 1941 p 193 Beatty 2006 p 107 Beatty 2006 p 107 109 Beatty 2006 p 117 119 a b Beatty 2006 p 119 Beatty 2006 p 136 Beatty 2006 p 132 Leininger Kevin 1982 The Fort Wayne flood of 1982 The News Sentinel Retrieved November 4 2013 Inflation Calculator US Inflation Calculator US Inflation Calculator Retrieved May 19 2015 Economy at a Glance Bureau of Labor Statistics United States Department of Labor Retrieved May 2 2015 Beatty 2006 p 138 142 Beatty 2006 p 418 Leininger Kevin December 16 2008 Could nonprofit revitalize downtown The News Sentinel Archived from the original on February 13 2009 Retrieved January 8 2009 Lanka Benjamin January 4 2009 Delays encircle Harrison Square The Journal Gazette Archived from the original on June 10 2015 Retrieved January 8 2009 Smith Ashley October 1 2008 Dirt turned on 536M Parkview Regional Medical Center The News Sentinel Archived from the original on February 21 2014 Retrieved December 29 2012 G001 Geographic Identifiers 2010 Census Summary File 1 United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 13 2020 Retrieved July 28 2015 a b Hill Christopher 2006 Geological Framework and Glaciation of the Eastern Area Boise State University a b Assessing and Addressing Indiana Urban Tree Canopy PDF Indiana Department of Natural Resources October 2011 Archived PDF from the original on September 2 2014 Retrieved June 14 2013 Tree Cover How Does Your City Measure Up Deeproot com April 25 2010 Retrieved June 14 2013 Awards amp Accomplishments Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation Retrieved June 14 2013 Neighborhood Quadrant Map PDF City of Fort Wayne Archived PDF from the original on June 29 2014 Retrieved July 29 2013 Fort Wayne Parks and Boulevard System PDF City of Fort Wayne Archived from the original PDF on September 1 2014 Retrieved May 10 2014 Parks boulevard system now on National Historic Register City of Fort Wayne Retrieved May 10 2014 a b c d Architectural Styles PDF City of Fort Wayne Archived PDF from the original on March 23 2015 Retrieved July 29 2013 Williams Woodland Park Historic District City of Fort Wayne Archived from the original on December 16 2014 Retrieved July 29 2013 Larson Cindy May 14 2011 Live inside a work of art The News Sentinel Archived from the original on March 13 2014 Retrieved July 29 2013 Arts United Center Archived from the original on October 22 2013 Retrieved July 29 2013 One Summit Square Emporis com Archived from the original on October 20 2012 Retrieved July 29 2013 Kottek Marcus Greiser Jurgen et al June 2006 World Map of Koppen Geiger Climate Classification PDF Meteorologische Zeitschrift E Schweizerbart sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 15 3 261 doi 10 1127 0941 2948 2006 0130 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map United States Department of Agriculture Archived from the original on February 9 2014 Retrieved July 22 2014 Fort Wayne Indiana Climate Heat Cold NWS Northern Indiana Retrieved on April 30 2008 Gong Dave July 1 2015 Outages linger storm rivals 12 derecho The Journal Gazette Retrieved July 14 2015 Sade Vivian February 1 2014 January s endless snow bitter cold set records The Journal Gazette Archived from the original on February 22 2014 Retrieved February 6 2014 Fort Wayne Indiana Climate Winter Weather NWS Northern Indiana Retrieved on April 30 2008 Fort Wayne Indiana Climate Tornadoes NWS Northern Indiana Retrieved April 30 2008 NOAA A Summary of the May 26 2001 Tornado Event Over Northern Indiana and Extreme Northwest Ohio Retrieved on April 25 2008 Saturday marks one year anniversary of June 29 storm WANE TV June 29 2013 Archived from the original on August 3 2013 Retrieved July 2 2013 2013 01 01 Year in review Top Fort Wayne news stories Archived October 29 2013 at the Wayback Machine The News Sentinel Retrieved on May 8 2013 NowData NOAA Online Weather Data 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94 171 Fort Wayne city Indiana United States Census Bureau U S Census website census gov Retrieved August 27 2011 Fort Wayne city Indiana State amp County QuickFacts U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 13 2012 Indiana Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places Earliest Census to 1990 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 12 2012 NW 1615 L St Suite 800Washington Inquiries DC 20036USA202 419 4300 Main202 857 8562 Fax202 419 4372 Media Top 10 U S metropolitan areas by Burmese population 2019 Pew Research Center s Social amp Demographic Trends Project Retrieved August 19 2022 Leininger Kevin March 13 2010 Assimilation crucial for Fort Wayne s Burmese The News Sentinel Archived from the original on July 11 2011 Retrieved March 13 2010 Keen Judy February 21 2011 Burmese try to adapt to America s bigger village USA Today Retrieved December 16 2014 Salter Rodriguez Rosa June 22 2007 City of Churches hard to prove Census stats can t back up old moniker The Journal Gazette a b Fort Wayne Facts City of Fort Wayne Retrieved December 30 2012 Religion in Fort Wayne Indiana Sperling s Best Places Retrieved November 8 2013 Linsenmayer Steve September 24 2007 Monks here support boycott The News Sentinel Archived from the original on December 16 2008 Retrieved September 24 2008 Congregation Achduth Vesholom Retrieved on August 29 2012 Bogue Ellie September 10 2013 Burmese Muslims building new mosque in Fort Wayne The News Sentinel Archived from the original on September 27 2013 Retrieved September 23 2013 Wyche Paul March 29 2015 Future unsure for GE s crowded campus The Journal Gazette Retrieved January 16 2016 Leininger Kevin June 17 2018 FOCUS 2018 Even in a robust Fort Wayne economy some segments are growing faster than others The News Sentinel Retrieved December 23 2018 a b Beatty 2006 p 89 Falstaff Brewery closing in Ft Wayne Chicago Tribune November 9 1989 Retrieved December 24 2013 WPA Writers Program Indiana a Guide to the Hoosier State 1941 p 195 Beatty 2006 p 352 353 Beatty 2006 p 116 Leininger Kevin May 6 2014 GE looking to demolish some of old Broadway campus The News Sentinel Archived from the original on June 28 2014 Retrieved May 11 2014 Beatty 2006 p 134 Beatty 2006 p 135 Major Employers Top Employers in Fort Wayne and Allen County Greater Fort Wayne Inc 2017 Retrieved July 11 2017 Goldsborough Jaclyn February 5 2015 Tourism in Fort Wayne Allen County increases The News Sentinel Archived from the original on February 8 2015 Retrieved February 7 2015 America s Shrinking Middle Class A Close Look at Changes Within Metropolitan Areas Pew Research Center 2016 Retrieved May 12 2016 Allen County Indiana STATS Indiana 2017 Retrieved May 29 2017 Wyche Paul July 1 2013 Frontier reorganizes region with Fort Wayne HQ The Journal Gazette Archived from the original on May 18 2015 Retrieved August 4 2013 Steel Dynamics Fortune 500 Fortune 2008 Retrieved April 8 2014 Cole Ryan February 24 2010 Lincoln brought to life The Wall Street Journal Retrieved May 10 2015 Major Employers Greater Fort Wayne Inc 2015 Retrieved May 10 2015 About Us The Embassy Theatre Retrieved May 15 2008 The History of the Phil Fort Wayne Philharmonic Orchestra Archived from the original on October 17 2013 Retrieved July 2 2013 USF Performing Arts Center Full History University of Saint Francis Archived from the original on June 27 2012 Retrieved December 27 2012 Fort Wayne Cultural District Arts United of Greater Fort Wayne Archived from the original on May 30 2013 Retrieved August 8 2012 FAME s Impact The Foundation for Art and Music Education Archived from the original on June 15 2013 Retrieved July 2 2013 About Foellinger Theatre Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation Archived from the original on December 23 2012 Retrieved December 29 2012 About Us Arena Dinner Theatre Archived from the original on July 17 2014 Retrieved October 13 2013 Cicero Karen April 4 2009 10 Best Zoos for Kids 5 Fort Wayne Children s Zoo Parents magazine Retrieved December 16 2014 Zoo named one of country s best WANE TV NewsChannel 15 July 7 2015 Retrieved July 20 2015 2013 attendance second highest ever Fort Wayne Children s Zoo Archived from the original on December 17 2014 Retrieved December 16 2014 Fort Wayne Children s Zoo to hold job fair March 9 The News Sentinel February 26 2013 Archived from the original on November 2 2013 Retrieved March 14 2013 About the Conservatory Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation Retrieved December 16 2014 Fact Sheet 2013 Science Central Retrieved April 28 2015 About the Museum Fort Wayne Museum of Art Retrieved September 24 2013 Krieg Sheryl June 6 2013 Artlink Fort Wayne Museum of Art thrive after move downtown The News Sentinel Archived from the original on December 19 2014 Retrieved June 6 2013 Collections Allen County Fort Wayne Historical Society Archived from the original on September 23 2010 Retrieved August 10 2010 Home Historic Fort Wayne Inc Archived from the original on September 24 2013 Retrieved September 24 2013 History of the Museum African African American Historical Museum Archived from the original on January 4 2011 Retrieved August 10 2010 Home Fort Wayne Firefighters Museum Retrieved August 10 2010 Aviation Museum Fort Wayne Allen County Airport Authority Retrieved January 20 2014 West Nick October 9 2009 Genealogy gathering 420 expected for conference library s largest yet The News Sentinel Archived from the original on October 2 2011 Retrieved August 9 2010 The Genealogy Center PDF Allen County Public Library Archived PDF from the original on January 24 2011 Retrieved December 27 2012 History Germanfest Retrieved August 10 2010 Culture amp Entertainment JapanInFortWayne com Archived from the original on September 10 2013 Retrieved July 1 2013 About us Fort Wayne Pride Retrieved December 16 2014 About BBQ RibFest Archived from the original on July 12 2012 Retrieved August 30 2012 Lanka Benjamin September 24 2011 More than 9 000 participate in Fort4Fitness The Journal Gazette Archived from the original on April 22 2012 Retrieved November 9 2011 Inaugural F4F Spring Cycle a huge success PDF Fort4Fitness Inc Archived from the original PDF on July 12 2014 Retrieved August 10 2010 Swanson Andrew November 27 2008 Lights wow crowds The News Sentinel Archived from the original on September 25 2009 Retrieved August 10 2010 Johnny Appelseed Park City of Fort Wayne Indiana Retrieved May 16 2015 Todd Deb September 16 2009 Fall s favorite festival Johnny Appleseed weekend has been an area fixture for 35 years The News Sentinel Archived from the original on June 29 2014 Retrieved August 30 2012 Organ Aaron July 22 2010 TRF chief happy with this year s numbers The News Sentinel Archived from the original on March 11 2012 Retrieved August 10 2010 Allen County Fair Visit Fort Wayne Retrieved December 21 2014 About National Soccer Festival Archived from the original on July 22 2015 Retrieved January 20 2014 WANE Staff Reports August 10 2014 Thousands coming to Fort Wayne for soccer festival Archived from the original on August 2 2015 Retrieved May 5 2015 Goldsborough Jaclyn April 9 2014 Vera Bradley sale is about more than just purses economic impact on Fort Wayne economy sizable The News Sentinel Archived from the original on December 17 2014 Retrieved December 16 2014 Purdue Fort Wayne Branding Released Press release Purdue University Fort Wayne June 18 2018 Retrieved June 21 2018 Miklich Eric Night Baseball in the 19th century Retrieved on May 16 2008 a b 2008 01 19 Fort Wayne Sports Moments Archived May 18 2015 at the Wayback Machine The News Sentinel Retrieved on June 11 2009 Sebring Blake May 17 2013 Carl Bennett built part of Fort Wayne history Fort Wayne Sports History Time to vote for the all time best The News Sentinel Archived from the original on October 29 2013 Retrieved May 17 2013 Rushin Steve February 5 2007 Storming The Fort wayne Sports Illustrated Retrieved on May 16 2008 NBA com This Date In The NBA March NBA com Archived from the original on October 22 2015 Retrieved May 5 2015 By the numbers Fort Wayne Monthly s City Guide 2014 Fort Wayne Newspapers Inc 13 10 2014 Franke Park PDF Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation Department Archived PDF from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved December 19 2014 The Fort Wayne Community Visit Fort Wayne Retrieved August 10 2014 Todd Deb May 29 2013 Take a hike or bike ride Saturday on National Trails Day The News Sentinel Archived from the original on November 1 2013 Retrieved May 29 2013 Beatty 2006 p 122 23 Verbatim Rivergreenway earns national designation The Journal Gazette May 28 2009 Archived from the original on July 22 2015 Retrieved June 9 2009 LeBlanc Matthew March 16 2018 Ground broken on segment of trail The Journal Gazette Retrieved March 16 2018 Wiehe Jeff April 28 2015 Mayor unveils plans for 3 bicycle lanes The Journal Gazette Retrieved April 28 2015 Pedal plan paths win prestigious award City of Fort Wayne Retrieved March 14 2013 BFC Spring 2016 Report Card Fort Wayne IN PDF 2016 Bicycle Friendly Communities League of American Bicyclists Archived PDF from the original on June 18 2018 Retrieved June 17 2018 Fort Wayne IN PDF 2017 ParkScore Index Trust for Public Land Archived from the original PDF on March 16 2018 Retrieved March 16 2018 a b City Council City of Fort Wayne Retrieved June 26 2010 Dave Gong November 4 2015 Henry wins 3rd straight term The Journal Gazette Retrieved January 10 2016 Leininger Kevin October 8 2013 Henry taps Karl Bandemer as Fort Wayne s new deputy mayor The News Sentinel Archived from the original on June 29 2014 Retrieved October 8 2013 Gong Dave November 4 2015 Keesling s win ends Davis bid for clerk The Journal Gazette Retrieved January 10 2015 Indiana Code 36 3 1 State of Indiana Retrieved March 31 2007 State of Indiana Southwest Extended Annexation accessed May 28 2015 Senate Bill No 225 State of Indiana Archived from the original on June 15 2010 Retrieved March 31 2007 About the Fort Wayne Police Department Fort Wayne Police Department Archived from the original on September 13 2010 Retrieved June 26 2010 a b Fort Wayne IN Crime Statistics 2006 Crime Data AreaConnect Fort Wayne Retrieved June 26 2010 Gong Dave August 1 2016 Reed sworn in as Fort Wayne police chief The Journal Gazette Retrieved October 14 2018 Bogue Ellie January 2 2014 New Fort Wayne police chief and director of public safey sworn in The News Sentinel Archived from the original on January 3 2014 Immediate changes ordered for Allen Co Jail Federal judge rules Morris v Sheriff of Allen Cnty 1 20 CV 34 DRL Casetext Search Citator Peters no possible Allen County jail sites off the table WANE 15 August 24 2022 Retrieved October 14 2022 Not on our watch Officials reject plan to build new jail in southeast Fort Wayne WANE 15 July 19 2022 Retrieved October 14 2022 What s the Allen County Jail worth WANE 15 August 1 2022 Retrieved October 14 2022 Fort Wayne Fire Department Annual Report 2010 PDF Fort Wayne Fire Department Archived PDF from the original on June 28 2014 Retrieved May 15 2013 Meyers Chris May 28 2014 Firefighter to follow Biggs as new chief The Journal Gazette Archived from the original on May 31 2014 Fort Wayne Indiana Registered Voters Overview Statistics and Quick Facts CensusViewer com Archived from the original on December 17 2014 Retrieved December 17 2014 FWCS Becomes Largest School System in Indiana 21Alive Archived from the original on September 23 2012 District Profile PDF Fort Wayne Community Schools Archived from the original PDF on May 27 2014 Retrieved May 9 2014 East Allen County Schools NCES Retrieved May 10 2021 2013 Reports PDF Northwest Allen County Schools Archived from the original PDF on October 24 2014 Retrieved May 9 2014 Our Schools Southwest Allen County Schools Archived from the original on May 12 2014 Retrieved May 9 2014 MSD Southwest Allen County Schools Indiana Department of Education Retrieved May 9 2014 The Amish Schools of Indiana Faith in Education by Stephen Bowers p 40 Harroff Retrieved on July 25 2009 IPFW By the Numbers PDF IPFW Archived from the original PDF on May 8 2014 Retrieved May 6 2014 Wright Darrin June 16 2017 Indiana Purdue trustees officially finalize IPFW split Fort Wayne IN WOWO Retrieved January 22 2018 The Nation s Largest Libraries A Listing By Volumes Held American Library Association July 7 2006 Retrieved May 10 2014 After 28 years leadership Allen County Public Library director will retire The News Sentinel February 27 2014 Archived from the original on June 28 2014 Retrieved May 10 2014 Checca Carey November 27 2001 Library petition counts due today The Journal Gazette 2013 Annual Report PDF Allen County Public Library Archived from the original PDF on December 31 2021 Retrieved April 25 2015 The Pulitzer Prizes Awards www pulitzer org Retrieved May 5 2015 Passenger Boarding Enplanement and All Cargo Data for U S Airports Federal Aviation Administration Retrieved March 29 2017 Home of the Blacksnakes 122nd Fighter Wing Archived from the original on June 27 2010 Retrieved June 27 2010 Airport History Smith Field Airport Retrieved December 27 2012 Commissioners OK extra money for road extension The Journal Gazette July 7 2000 a b U S Census website U S Census Bureau Retrieved August 23 2014 Beatty 2006 p 190 Beatty 2006 p 108 Leininger Kevin December 3 2011 Fort Wayne Fat stupid and melancholy The News Sentinel Archived from the original on December 7 2011 Retrieved February 5 2013 a b Lanka Benjamin May 1 2015 Bypassing the bypass The Journal Gazette Archived from the original on July 22 2015 Retrieved August 8 2012 Beatty 2006 p 117 Official Guide of the Railways June 1961 Index of Railroad Stations Wabash Railroad 1959 timetable Table 11 http streamlinermemories info Eastern Wabash59TT pdf Caylor Bob April 4 2009 Rally for Fort Wayne train service draws hundreds The News Sentinel Archived from the original on April 18 2009 Retrieved November 22 2009 Northern Indiana Ohio Passenger Rail Corridor Feasibility Study and Business Plan Executive Summary PDF Press release Transportation Economic and Management Systems Inc January 2013 Archived from the original PDF on December 18 2014 Retrieved May 31 2014 a b Rail System Greater Fort Wayne Inc Archived from the original on December 12 2013 Retrieved December 8 2013 Citilink service routes map PDF Fort Wayne Public Transportation Corporation Archived PDF from the original on May 22 2005 Retrieved February 6 2009 a b Leininger Kevin April 25 2009 Free bus service to link 2 campuses to dorms city The News Sentinel Archived from the original on July 11 2011 Retrieved April 25 2009 Sade Vivian December 15 2012 Parkview subsidy helps transit system add Medlink The Journal Gazette Archived from the original on July 22 2015 Retrieved December 3 2013 Lakefront Lines Scheduled Intercity Bus Service Archived from the original on July 22 2015 Retrieved July 29 2013 Gong Dave April 15 2016 Fort Wayne announces bike share program The Journal Gazette Retrieved April 17 2016 a b Healthcare Greater Fort Wayne Inc Archived from the original on November 24 2017 Retrieved July 11 2017 Fort Wayne Campus U S Department of Veterans Affairs Retrieved July 25 2013 Three Rivers Filtration Plant PDF City of Fort Wayne October 23 2013 Archived PDF from the original on July 31 2020 Retrieved March 16 2020 2016 Community Profile PDF Greater Fort Wayne Inc Archived from the original PDF on June 23 2017 Retrieved July 11 2017 About FWSCI Fort Wayne Sister Cities International Inc Archived from the original on November 2 2013 Retrieved July 29 2013 Bogue Ellie February 12 2015 Fort Wayne has new friendship city in Myanmar The News Sentinel Archived from the original on February 12 2015 Retrieved February 12 2015 Bibliography EditBeatty John D 2006 History of Fort Wayne amp Allen County Indiana 1700 2005 M T Publishing Company ISBN 1 932439 44 7 Brice Wallace History of Fort Wayne Applewood Books 2009 online Brown Nancy Eileen The 1901 Fort Wayne Indiana City Election A Political Dialogue of Ethnic Tension IUPUI Diss 2013 Bushnell Scott M 2007 Historic Photos of Fort Wayne Turner Publishing Company ISBN 978 1 59652 377 7 Griswold Bert J 1973 Fort Wayne Gateway of the West AMS Press ISBN 0 404 07133 3 Griswold Bert Joseph The Pictorial History of Fort Wayne Indiana A Review of Two Centuries of Occupation of the Region about the Head of the Maumee River 1917 onlineHawfield Michael C 1988 Fort Wayne Cityscapes Highlights of a Community s History Windsor Publications ISBN 0 89781 244 1 Miller Dodie Marie 2000 African Americans in Fort Wayne The First 200 Years Arcadia Publishing ISBN 0 7385 0715 6 onlineMorgan Iwan Fort Wayne and the Great Depression The Early Years 1929 1933 Indiana Magazine of History 1984 122 145 onlineMurphey Kathleen A Schooling Teaching and Change in Nineteenth Century Fort Wayne Indiana Indiana Magazine of History 1998 1 28 online Paddock Geoff 2002 Headwaters Park Fort Wayne s Lasting Legacy Arcadia Publishing ISBN 0 7385 1971 5 Robertson Nellie A John Hays and the Fort Wayne Indian Agency Indiana Magazine of History 1943 221 236 Scott Clifford H Hoosier Kulturkampf Anglo German Cultural Conflicts in Fort Wayne 1840 1920 Journal of German American Studies 15 1 1980 9 18 onlineSeigel Peggy Pushing the Color Line Race and Employment in Fort Wayne Indiana 1933 1963 Indiana Magazine of History 2008 241 276 online Seigel Peggy Winning the Vote in Fort Wayne Indiana The Long Cautious Journey in a German American City Indiana Magazine of History 2006 220 257 onlineViolette Ralph 1999 Fort Wayne Indiana Arcadia Publishing ISBN 0 7524 1309 0 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fort Wayne Indiana Wikisource has the text of the 1879 American Cyclopaedia article Fort Wayne Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fort Wayne Official website Visit Fort Wayne Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fort Wayne Indiana amp oldid 1137545761, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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