Foreign relations of Moldova

After achieving independence from the Soviet Union, the Republic of Moldova established relations with other European countries. A course for European Union integration and neutrality define the country's foreign policy guidelines.

In 1995, the country became the first post-Soviet state admitted to the Council of Europe. In addition to its participation in NATO's Partnership for Peace program, Moldova is a member state of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Francophonie and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

In 2005, Moldova and EU established an action plan that sought to improve the collaboration between the two neighboring structures. After the Transnistria War, Moldova sought a peaceful resolution to the Transnistria conflict by working with Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, calling for international mediation, and cooperating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions.^[1]

Overview

List of countries which Moldova maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date^[2]
1	Romania	29 August 1991
2	Hungary	16 January 1992
3	United Kingdom	17 January 1992
4	Denmark	20 January 1992
5	China	30 January 1992
6	Mongolia	30 January 1992^[3]
7	North Korea	30 January 1992
8	South Korea	31 January 1992
9	Spain	31 January 1992
10	Turkey	3 February 1992
11	Mexico	4 February 1992
12	Bulgaria	5 February 1992
13	Egypt	13 February 1992
14	Guinea	16 February 1992
15	Pakistan	16 February 1992
16	United States	18 February 1992
17	Canada	20 February 1992
18	Cyprus	21 February 1992^[4]
19	Italy	21 February 1992
20	Finland	26 February 1992
21	Ukraine	10 March 1992
22	Belgium	11 March 1992
23	France	11 March 1992
24	Japan	16 March 1992
25	Cuba	17 March 1992
26	Austria	25 March 1992
27	Greece	27 March 1992
28	Philippines	30 March 1992
29	Australia	1 April 1992
30	Russia	6 April 1992
31	Germany	30 April 1992
32	Iran	11 May 1992
33	Azerbaijan	18 May 1992
—	Holy See	23 May 1992^[5]
34	Czech Republic	1 June 1992
35	Norway	3 June 1992
36	Vietnam	11 June 1992
37	Burundi	12 June 1992
38	Sweden	12 June 1992
39	South Africa	15 June 1992
40	Luxembourg	16 June 1992
41	Israel	22 June 1992
42	Georgia	25 June 1992
43	Oman	25 June 1992
44	Lithuania	8 July 1992
45	Poland	14 July 1992
46	Armenia	18 July 1992
47	Croatia	28 July 1992
48	Thailand	5 August 1992
49	Ghana	28 August 1992
50	Latvia	1 September 1992
51	Switzerland	2 September 1992
52	New Zealand	11 September 1992
53	Kazakhstan	16 September 1992
54	Morocco	8 October 1992^[4]
55	Turkmenistan	5 October 1992^[6]
56	Kyrgyzstan	30 October 1992
57	Estonia	10 November 1992
58	Belarus	19 November 1992^[7]
59	Sri Lanka	27 November 1992
60	Zimbabwe	9 December 1992
61	Burkina Faso	11 December 1992
62	Albania	23 December 1992
63	Kuwait	11 January 1993
64	Singapore	15 January 1993
65	Tajikistan	20 January 1993
66	Portugal	10 February 1993
67	Indonesia	12 February 1993
68	Panama	15 February 1993^[8]
69	Slovakia	16 February 1993
70	Argentina	8 March 1993
71	Malaysia	10 March 1993
72	Guatemala	6 April 1993
73	Chile	12 May 1993
74	Sudan	17 May 1993
75	Syria	20 May 1993
76	Madagascar	28 May 1993
77	Netherlands	10 July 1993
78	Nepal	20 July 1993
79	Brazil	11 August 1993
80	Bangladesh	14 September 1993
81	India	20 September 1993
82	Slovenia	27 September 1993
83	Zambia	26 October 1993
84	Nicaragua	8 November 1993
85	Bosnia and Herzegovina	18 November 1993
86	Algeria	12 April 1994
87	Lebanon	8 June 1994
88	Uzbekistan	23 August 1994
89	Angola	30 September 1994
90	Afghanistan	1 December 1994
91	Libya	9 December 1994
92	North Macedonia	27 January 1995
93	Yemen	27 January 1995
94	Cambodia	10 March 1995
95	Serbia	15 March 1995
96	Iceland	17 May 1995
97	Peru	11 August 1995
98	United Arab Emirates	21 December 1995
99	Mozambique	17 January 1996^[4]
100	Venezuela	25 April 1996
101	Uruguay	14 May 1996
102	Malta	3 July 1996^[9]
103	Bolivia	8 July 1996
104	Jamaica	9 July 1996^[4]
105	Saudi Arabia	17 July 1996
106	Andorra	9 October 1996
107	Laos	25 May 1997^[10]
108	Qatar	13 June 1997
109	Jordan	19 June 1997
110	Colombia	15 October 1997
111	Ireland	13 July 1999
112	Costa Rica	4 May 2000
—	Sovereign Military Order of Malta	27 June 2000^[11]
113	Mauritius	25 June 2001^[4]
114	Liechtenstein	14 August 2001
115	Bahrain	7 April 2004^[4]
116	Cabo Verde	2 September 2004^[4]
117	Mali	27 September 2004^[4]
118	Tunisia	27 September 2004^[4]
119	San Marino	28 September 2004^[4]
120	Brunei	18 October 2006^[4]
121	Montenegro	9 March 2007^[4]
122	Fiji	7 December 2010^[4]
123	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	29 April 2011^[4]
124	Paraguay	5 May 2011
125	Monaco	8 September 2011
126	Ecuador	8 November 2011^[4]
127	Antigua and Barbuda	18 November 2011^[4]
128	Solomon Islands	4 May 2012^[4]
129	Maldives	14 May 2012^[4]
130	Tuvalu	17 May 2012^[4]
131	Mauritania	23 May 2012^[4]
132	Dominica	29 May 2012
133	Haiti	7 June 2012^[4]
134	Gambia	12 June 2012^[4]
135	Samoa	14 June 2012^[4]
136	Eswatini	21 March 2013^[4]
137	Suriname	5 April 2013^[4]
138	Ethiopia	24 June 2013
139	Guyana	12 September 2013^[4]
140	El Salvador	24 September 2013
141	Saint Kitts and Nevis	8 September 2017^[4]
142	Benin	24 January 2018^[4]
143	Cameroon	27 March 2019^[4]
144	Grenada	26 June 2019
145	Bahamas	15 November 2019^[4]
146	Barbados	10 February 2020^[4]
147	Djibouti	9 October 2020^[4]
148	Uganda	23 October 2020^[4]
149	Saint Lucia	3 March 2021^[4]
150	Dominican Republic	30 March 2021^[4]
151	Senegal	28 April 2021^[4]
152	Palau	6 December 2021^[4]
153	Kenya	1 March 2022^[4]
154	Belize	3 August 2022^[4]
155	Sierra Leone	19 August 2022^[4]
156	Trinidad and Tobago	25 May 2023^[4]
157	Rwanda	25 January 2024^[4]

Moldova has not yet established diplomatic relations with the following UN countries:

• Honduras
• Botswana, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo
• Bhutan, Iraq, Myanmar
• Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu

Relations with the European Union

Main articles: Moldova–European Union relations and Accession of Moldova to the European Union

Moldova aspires to join the European Union^[12] and is implementing its first three-year Action Plan within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) of the EU.^[13]

As regards energy policy, Moldova was an observer to the treaty establishing Energy Community from the outset (2006). Following its interest in full membership, the European Commission was mandated to carry out negotiations with Moldova in 2007. In December 2009, the Energy Community Ministerial Council decided on the accession, but made it conditional to amendment of Moldova's gas law.^[14] Moldova joined the Energy Community as a full-fledged member in March 2010.^[15]

Relations with NATO

 

Wörner and Snegur signing PfP on 16 March 1994

Main article: Moldova–NATO relations

NATO relations with Moldova date back to 1992, when the country joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. Moldova works alongside NATO allies and partner countries in a wide range of areas through the Partnership for Peace and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.

Relations with post-Soviet states

The Moldovan Parliament approved the country's membership in the Commonwealth of Independent States and the CIS charter on economic union in April 1994. Moldova however has never participated in any military aspects of CIS, citing its neutral status.

In 1998, Moldova contributed to the founding of GUAM, a regional cooperation agreement made up of Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova. Although the agreement initially included a declaration of mutual defense, Moldova has since declared its disinterest in participating in any GUAM-based mutual defense initiative.

Russia continues to maintain a military presence in the Transnistrian region of Moldova, despite previous agreements with Moldova and within OSCE and CAF to withdraw its troops and ammunition.

Moldova was granted Observer Status in the Russian-led Eurasian Union in April 2017.^[16]

Relations with Transnistria

Main article: Transnistria

The territory of Moldova includes the separatist Transnistria region. Transnistria had a particularly large non-Moldovan population (about 60%) and broke away from Moldova less than a year after Moldova became independent at the fall of the Soviet Union. The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic controls main part of this region, and also the city of Bender and its surrounding localities on the west bank. The international diplomatic situation with respect to the question of Transnistria determines and is determined by Moldova's relations with Russia. Russia, Ukraine, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, EU, and United States are involved at different degrees in the conflict resolution.

Bilateral relations

Multilateral

Organization	Formal Relations Began	Notes
European Union		See Moldova–European Union relations
NATO		See Moldova–NATO relations

Africa

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Djibouti	9 October 2020	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 2020.
Egypt		Egypt is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova is accredited to Egypt from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
Morocco		Morocco is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova is accredited to Morocco from its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal.
South Africa	1997	Moldova does not have an accreditation to South Africa. South Africa is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Tunisia	27 September 2004	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2004^[17] Tunisia is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania.

Americas

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Argentina	8 March 1993	Argentina is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova does not have an accreditation to Argentina.
Canada	1992	Canada is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova has an embassy in Ottawa.
Chile	12 May 1993	Chile is accredited to Moldova from it embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova does not have an accreditation to Chile.^[18]
Guatemala	6 April 1993	Guatemala is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.^[19] Moldova does not have an accreditation to Guatemala.
Mexico	14 January 1992	Mexico is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in Chișinău.^[20] Moldova is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington D.C., United States.^[21]
United States	25 December 1991	See Moldova–United States relations The United States recognized the independence of Moldova on 25 December 1991, and opened an embassy in its capital, Chișinău, in March 1992. A trade agreement providing reciprocal most-favored-nation tariff treatment became effective in July 1992. An Overseas Private Investment Corporation agreement, which encourages U.S. private investment by providing direct loans and loan guarantees, was signed in June 1992. A bilateral investment treaty was signed in April 1993. A generalized system of preferences status was granted in August 1995, and some Eximbank coverage became available in November 1995. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry made a visit to Moldova in December 2013 to support the former Soviet republic's pro-Western moves in the face of Russian pressure. The United States remains committed to the 5+2 format as a means to resolving the Transnistria conflict. The United States supports a comprehensive settlement that affirms Moldova's sovereignty and territorial integrity, while providing a special status for Transnistria. Moldova has an embassy in Washington, D.C.. United States has an embassy in Chișinău. See also: Embassy of the United States to Moldova and Embassy of Moldova, Washington, D.C.

Asia

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Armenia	May 18, 1992	Armenia has an embassy in Chișinău. Moldova is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. There are around 7,500 people of Armenian descent living in Moldova.
Azerbaijan	May 18, 1992	Azerbaijan has an embassy in Chișinău. Moldova has an embassy in Baku. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
China	December 27, 1991	See China–Moldova relations China has an embassy in Chișinău. Moldova has an embassy in Beijing.
India	March 1993	See India–Moldova relations India is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania Moldova is accredited to India through its embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan.^[22]
Israel	1992	See Israel–Moldova relations Israel is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Moldova has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
Japan	16 March 1992	Japan has an embassy in Chișinău. Moldova has an embassy in Tokyo.
Kazakhstan	16 September 1992	Moldova is accredited to Kazakhstan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. Kazakhstan has a consulate-general in Chișinău.
Kyrgyzstan	4 June 1992	Kyrgyzstan is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Moldova is accredited to Kyrgyzstan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
North Korea	30 January 1992	Moldova does not have an accreditation to North Korea. North Korea is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
Qatar		Moldova has an embassy in Doha. Qatar has an embassy in Chișinău
South Korea	31 January 1992	See Moldova-South Korea relations
Turkmenistan	October 5, 1992	Moldova is accredited to Turkmenistan from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Turkmenistan is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.
United Arab Emirates		Moldova has an embassy in Abu Dhabi. UAE is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Uzbekistan	August 23, 1994	Moldova is accredited to the Uzbekistan from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Uzbekistan is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Vietnam	11 June 1992	Moldova is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China. Vietnam is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.

Europe

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Albania		See Albania–Moldova relations
Austria	25 March 1992	See Austria–Moldova relations Austria has an embassy Chișinău. Moldova has an embassy in Vienna. See also: Embassy of Austria, Chișinău
Belarus		See Belarus–Moldova relations Diplomatic relations between Belarus and Moldova were established on 19 November 1992. That same year, an agreement on friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries was signed. Belarus has an embassy in Chișinău (opened in May 1995). Moldova has an embassy in Minsk (opened in October 1993). The first official Moldovan visit to Minsk was by Petru Lucinschi in June 2000.^[23] Nicolae Timofti later visited in October 2013,^[24] July 2015^[25] and October 2016,^[26] and was followed in July 2017 by Igor Dodon.^[27] List of Ambassadors of Moldova in Belarus: Nicolae Dudău (1998-2001),^[28] Gheorghe Hioară (2010-2017),^[29]^[30] Victor Sorocean (2017–Present)^[31]
Belgium		Belgium is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova has an embassy in Brussels.
Bulgaria	5 February 1992	Bulgaria recognized Moldova on 28 December 1991. Since 1992, Bulgaria has an embassy in Chișinău.^[32] Moldova has embassy in Sofia.^[33] Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Croatia		Croatia is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Budapest, Hungary.
Cyprus		See Cyprus–Moldova relations
Czech Republic		See Czech Republic–Moldova relations Czech Republic has an embassy in Chișinău Moldova has an embassy in Prague.
Denmark		See Denmark–Moldova relations Denmark is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Finland		See Finland–Moldova relations
France		France has an embassy in Chișinău Moldova has an embassy in Paris. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Georgia	25 June 1992	See Georgia–Moldova relations Until 1991, both countries were part of the USSR and before 1918 part of the Russian empire. Georgia has an embassy in Chișinău. Moldova is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan.
Germany		See Germany–Moldova relations Germany has an embassy in Chișinău. Moldova has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate-general in Frankfurt.
Greece	27 March 1992	See Greece–Moldova relations Diplomatic relations between Greece and Moldova were established 27 March 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet Union Greece is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Moldova has an embassy in Athens.
Hungary		Hungary has an embassy in Chișinău. Moldova has an embassy in Budapest.
Iceland	1995	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 1995.^[34]
Ireland	1992	Ireland is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova has an embassy in Dublin. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Moldovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland 11 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Italy		See Italy–Moldova relations Italy has an embassy in Chișinău. Moldova has an embassy in Rome and a consulate-general in Milan.
Latvia	1 September 1992	Latvia has an embassy 20 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine in Chișinău. Moldova has an embassy in Riga.
Lithuania	8 July 1992	Lithuania has an embassy in Chișinău Moldova has an embassy in Vilnius. Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Malta		Malta is accredited to Moldova from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Valletta. Moldova is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
Netherlands	6 September 2013	See Moldova–Netherlands relations Moldova has an embassy in The Hague. Netherlands has an embassy office in Chișinău.
North Macedonia		See Moldova–North Macedonia relations
Poland		See Moldova–Poland relations Moldova has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Chișinău.
Portugal		See Moldova–Portugal relations
Romania		See Moldova–Romania relations Moldova's relations with its western neighbour, Romania, have been stressed since 1994. Today's Moldova (without Transnistria) and parts of the old Bassarabia Governorate currently in Ukraine, were part of Romania during the interwar period (1918–40). Linguists generally agree that the Moldovan language is in fact identical with Romanian.^[citation needed] However, Moldovans have been ambivalent about whether they consider themselves Romanians or Moldovans. Early signs that Romania and Moldova might unite after both countries achieved emancipation from communist rule quickly faded. Romania remains interested in Moldovan affairs, especially that country's civil conflict with the breakaway republic of Transnistria. However, the two countries have been unable to reach agreement on a basic bilateral treaty; Romania is insistent (against determined Moldovan resistance) that such a treaty would have to refer to Romania and Moldova's 'special relationship'. Beginning in 1994, the two countries enjoyed a visa-free arrangement that ended on 1 January 2007, with Romania's entry into the European Union. This prompted many Moldovan citizens to apply for Romanian citizenship.^[35] Moldova has an embassy in Bucharest and a consulate-general in Iași. . Romania has an embassy in Chișinău and consulates-general in Bălți and Cahul.
Russia		See Moldova–Russia relations Relations between Moldova and Russia deteriorated in November 2003 over a Russian proposal for the solution of the Transnistria conflict, which Moldovan authorities refused to accept. In the following election, held in 2005, the Communist party made a formal 180-degree turn and was re-elected on a pro-Western platform,^[citation needed] with Voronin being re-elected to a second term as president. Moldova has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in Chișinău.
Serbia	1995	Moldova is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Serbia is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania. Moldova strongly supports Serbia's stance on Kosovo.^[36]^[37]
Slovenia	27 October 1993	See Moldova–Slovenia relations Moldova is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Budapest, Hungary. Slovenia is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Francophonie.
Spain		See Moldova–Spain relations Moldova has an embassy in Madrid. Spain is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania.
Sweden		See Moldova–Sweden relations Moldova has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden has an embassy in Chișinău
Switzerland	1992	See Moldova–Switzerland relations Moldova has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Turkey		See Moldova–Turkey relations Moldova has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Chișinău. Both countries are full members of BSEC. Speaking in Comrat in August 2018 when referencing the country's allies, President Igor Dodon said "we have friends who are close to Gagauzia, and I believe to Moldova, as well, they are Russia and Turkey."^[38]
Ukraine		See Moldova–Ukraine relations Moldova has an embassy in Kyiv and a consulate-general in Odesa. Ukraine has an embassy in Chișinău and a consulate in Bălți.
United Kingdom		Moldova has an embassy in London. United Kingdom has an embassy in Chișinău.

Oceania

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Australia		Australia is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Moscow, Russia Moldova does not have an accreditation to Australia.
New Zealand		Moldova does not have an accreditation to New Zealand. New Zealand is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Moldova
• List of diplomatic missions of Moldova
• List of Ambassadors to Moldova

Gallery

•  
  Moldovan stamp commemorating membership in the United Nations
•  
  Moldovan stamp commemorating membership in the OSCE

References

1. Ejova, Cristina, and Anastasia Eșanu. "Public diplomacy of the European Union and its reflection in the Republic of Moldova." Moldoscopie 92.1 (2021): 43-53.
2. "Bilateral relations". MFA Moldova. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
3. "States with Diplomatic Relations". Retrieved 31 July 2021.
4. "Diplomatic relations between Republic of Moldova and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
5. "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". Retrieved 31 July 2021.
6. "STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Retrieved 31 July 2021.
7. "Belarus and Moldova". Retrieved 29 July 2021.
8. (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
9. "Relaţii politico-diplomatice" (in Romanian). Retrieved 31 July 2021.
10. "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
11. "Lista tratelor bilaterale încheiate de catre Republica Moldova" (PDF) (in Romanian). pp. 138–139. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
12. Moldova will prove that it can and has chances to become EU member, Moldpress News Agency, 19 June 2007
13. Moldova-EU Action Plan Approved by European Commission 4 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, 14 December 2004. Retrieved 2 July 2007
14. Energy Community Ministerial Council Conclusions, Dec 2009^{[permanent dead link]}.
15. "Accession Protocol of Republic of Moldova to the Energy Community" (PDF). Retrieved 20 February 2015.^{[permanent dead link]}
16. "Moldova granted observer status in Eurasian Union". 19 April 2017.
17. "Diplomatic Relations Between Tunisia and Republic of Moldova as of 27 Sept. 2004". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
18. Informativo de Visas Diplomáticas y Oficiales
19. "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Guatemala".
20. Bilateral relations between Mexico and Moldova (in Spanish)
21. . Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
22. "| Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Moldova".
23. . 17 July 2017. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
24. . Archived from the original on 4 May 2018.
25. . Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
26. . 6 October 2016. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
27. "Пресс-релизы — Пресса". a-tv.md. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
28. "CV_Dudau". www.coe.int. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
29. Cine ne sunt ambasadorii? (FOTO)
30. . Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
31. . 7 April 2017. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
32. . Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
33. . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
34. . Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
35. Cetatenia romana, portita spre Europa 15 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine 27 December 2006
36. Moldova will not recognise Kosovo's independence, Associated Press, 18 February 2008 20 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
37. "Moldova "will not recognize Kosovo," says minister". B92. 5 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
38. Dodon Denounces Romania Reunification Idea In Rare Visit To Gagauzia rferl.org 20 August 2017

External links

• Moldovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

• Baltag, Dorina. "EU external representation post-Lisbon: the performance of EU diplomacy in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine." The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 13.1 (2018): 75-96. online
• Baltag, Dorina. "Practice and performance: EU diplomacy in Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus after the inauguration of the European External Action Service, 2010–2015" (Diss. Loughborough University, 2018.) online
• Cozma, Artur. "The Diplomacy of the Republic of Moldova during 1944-2001." (2007). online 9 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
• Del Medico, Nicola. "A Black Knight in the Eastern Neighbourhood? Russia and EU Democracy Promotion in Armenia and Moldova." (EU Diplomacy Paper No. 7) (2014). online
• Ejova, Cristina, and Anastasia Eșanu. "Public diplomacy of the European Union and its reflection in the Republic of Moldova." Moldoscopie 92.1 (2021): 43-53. online
• Löwenhardt, John. "The OSCE, Moldova and Russian diplomacy in 2003." Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 20.4 (2004): 103-112.