Other names sometimes used for the language are Fala de Jálama or Fala de Xálima, but neither of them is used by the speakers themselves, who call their linguistic varieties lagarteiru (in Eljas), manhegu / mañegu (in San Martín de Trevejo) and valverdeiru (in Valverde del Fresno). [3]
In the Middle Ages, mixed varieties of Portuguese and Leonese could be found along the border between Leon and Portugal, represented in texts such as the Foro de Castelo Rodrigo (13th century). Although there is no documentation on the colonization and repopulation of this area in the 13th century, there are several hypotheses of Galician citizens moving to protect the frontier against Muslims as a punishment imposed by the Leonese king, or the delivery of the territories to various military orders by Kings Alfonso IX and Fernando II.
In general, philologists in favor of the Galician theory support the hypothesis that the valley is an isolated region and, therefore, the Galician colonists maintain their way of speaking in a "pure" form because of the lack of external influences.
On August 3, 1992, the association Fala i Cultura was founded, among its goals being the compilation of a common grammar (based on the Galician one) and the commemoration of u día da nosa fala (the day of our language) celebrated once a year from 1992 in Eljas, 1993 in Valverde and 1994 in San Martín.[citation needed]
It was not until 1998 that the first literary work in Fala was published: Seis sainetes valverdeiros, written by Isabel López Lajas and published in 1998 by Edicións Positivas (Santiago de Compostela). It was on this date that the Gabinete de Iniciativas Transfronterizas (Office of Cross-Border Initiatives) started to take interest in Fala and to promote its study, publishing in 1999 scientific works and celebrating in May a "Congress on A Fala".[citation needed]
On June 14, 2000, Fala was recognized by the Ministry of Culture of the Junta de Extremadura as Bien de Interés Cultural.[4] Nowadays, although the inhabitants of Jalama Valley can speak Spanish, most of them are bilingual because at home and in other activities outside school, they continue using the local language.
Sociolinguistic surveys
In 1992,[5] a survey conducted by José Enrique Gargallo Gil (a professor at the University of Barcelona) collected the following data regarding the use of Spanish in family conversation:
4 of the 29 respondents from San Martín used Spanish when speaking with their family (13.8%)
In Eljas the figure dropped to only 3 out of 54 respondents (5.6%)
In Valverde, 25 of 125 respondents used Spanish in this context (20%).
In September/December 1993 a survey was published in issue No. 30 of Alcántara Magazine by José Luis Martín Galindo, which showed the opinion of the people in San Martín de Trevejo as to the nature of Fala in the following percentages:
Believe that Fala is a dialect of Spanish: 13%
Believe that Fala is a dialect of Portuguese: 20%
Believe that Fala is an autonomous language: 67%
The survey involved only twenty people (over 960 neighbours) and there was no alternative answer for those respondents who believed that Fala is a dialect of Galician. It is argued that the absence of this option was logical since theories about the possible relation of Fala with Galician were hardly known.
In 1994, a new study showed that 80% of respondents learned to speak Spanish in school. The percentage of parents who claim to use Fala when speaking with their children was as follows:
^Fala at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^"Promotora Española de Lingüística". www.proel.org. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
^ newspaper La Vanguardia (8-6-2019): La fala, una lengua viva del norte de Extremadura (in Spanish)
^"Decreto 45/2001, de 20 de marzo, por el que se declara bien de interés cultural la "A Fala"" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-10-06 – via boe.es.
^Gargallo Gil, José Enrique (1999). Las hablas de San Martín de Trevejo, Eljas y Valverde del Fresno. Trilogía de los tres lugares (in Spanish). Mérida: Editora Regional de Extremadura. ISBN978-8-476-71494-2.
^Galindo, José (1993). "Apuntes socio-históricos y lingüísticos sobre a Fala do Val de Xalima". Alcántara: Revista del Seminario de Estudios Cacereños (in Spanish). 30: 123–148.
Further reading
Gargallo Gil, José Enrique (2000). "¿Se habla gallego en Extremadura? Y otras cuestiones, no menos delicadas, sobre romances, gentes y tierras peninsulares de frontera (con sus nombres)". In Salvador Plans, Antonio; García Oliva, M.ª Dolores; Carrasco González, Juan M. (eds.). Actas del I Congreso sobre A Fala (in Spanish). Mérida: Editora Regional de Extremadura / Gabinete de Iniciativas Transfronterizas. pp. 53–73. ISBN84-7671-570-6.
Valeš, Miroslav (2016). "A Fala: dimensión sociolingüística en las traducciones a una lengua minorizada" [A Fala: Sociolinguistic Dimension in Translations Into a Minority Language]. Mutatis Mutandis: Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción (in Spanish). 9 (2): 348–362.
External links
For a list of words relating to Fala language, see the Fala language category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
January 17, 2023
fala, language, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2022,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Fala language news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Fala Speech also called Xalimego 2 is a Western Romance language commonly classified in the Galician Portuguese subgroup with some traits from Leonese spoken in Spain by about 10 500 people of whom 5 500 live in a valley of the northwestern part of Extremadura near the border with Portugal The speakers of Fala live in the towns of Valverde del Fresno Valverdi du Fresnu Eljas As Ellas and San Martin de Trevejo Sa Martin de Trevellu These are within the valley of Jalama in the comarca of Sierra de Gata FalaNative toSpainRegionNW ExtremaduraNative speakers 11 000 cited 1994 1 Language familyIndo European ItalicLatino FaliscanRomanceWesternIbero RomanceWest IberianGalician PortugueseFalaEarly formsOld Latin Classical Latin Vulgar Latin Galician PortugueseLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code fax class extiw title iso639 3 fax fax a Glottologfala1241class notpageimage Area of the Fala language Other names sometimes used for the language are Fala de Jalama or Fala de Xalima but neither of them is used by the speakers themselves who call their linguistic varieties lagarteiru in Eljas manhegu manegu in San Martin de Trevejo and valverdeiru in Valverde del Fresno 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Recent 2 Sociolinguistic surveys 3 Phonology 4 Alphabet 5 Comparative vocabulary 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Further reading 8 External linksHistory EditOrigins Edit This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message In the Middle Ages mixed varieties of Portuguese and Leonese could be found along the border between Leon and Portugal represented in texts such as the Foro de Castelo Rodrigo 13th century Although there is no documentation on the colonization and repopulation of this area in the 13th century there are several hypotheses of Galician citizens moving to protect the frontier against Muslims as a punishment imposed by the Leonese king or the delivery of the territories to various military orders by Kings Alfonso IX and Fernando II In general philologists in favor of the Galician theory support the hypothesis that the valley is an isolated region and therefore the Galician colonists maintain their way of speaking in a pure form because of the lack of external influences Recent Edit A sign in Spanish and Fala in San Martin de Trevejo On August 3 1992 the association Fala i Cultura was founded among its goals being the compilation of a common grammar based on the Galician one and the commemoration of u dia da nosa fala the day of our language celebrated once a year from 1992 in Eljas 1993 in Valverde and 1994 in San Martin citation needed It was not until 1998 that the first literary work in Fala was published Seis sainetes valverdeiros written by Isabel Lopez Lajas and published in 1998 by Edicions Positivas Santiago de Compostela It was on this date that the Gabinete de Iniciativas Transfronterizas Office of Cross Border Initiatives started to take interest in Fala and to promote its study publishing in 1999 scientific works and celebrating in May a Congress on A Fala citation needed On June 14 2000 Fala was recognized by the Ministry of Culture of the Junta de Extremadura as Bien de Interes Cultural 4 Nowadays although the inhabitants of Jalama Valley can speak Spanish most of them are bilingual because at home and in other activities outside school they continue using the local language Sociolinguistic surveys EditIn 1992 5 a survey conducted by Jose Enrique Gargallo Gil a professor at the University of Barcelona collected the following data regarding the use of Spanish in family conversation 4 of the 29 respondents from San Martin used Spanish when speaking with their family 13 8 In Eljas the figure dropped to only 3 out of 54 respondents 5 6 In Valverde 25 of 125 respondents used Spanish in this context 20 In September December 1993 a survey was published in issue No 30 of Alcantara Magazine by Jose Luis Martin Galindo which showed the opinion of the people in San Martin de Trevejo as to the nature of Fala in the following percentages Believe that Fala is a dialect of Spanish 13 Believe that Fala is a dialect of Portuguese 20 Believe that Fala is an autonomous language 67 The survey involved only twenty people over 960 neighbours and there was no alternative answer for those respondents who believed that Fala is a dialect of Galician It is argued that the absence of this option was logical since theories about the possible relation of Fala with Galician were hardly known In 1994 a new study showed that 80 of respondents learned to speak Spanish in school The percentage of parents who claim to use Fala when speaking with their children was as follows 100 in Eljas 85 in San Martin 73 in Valverde Phonology EditConsonant phonemes Bilabials Labiodentals Dentals Alveolars Postalveolars Palatals VelarsNasals m n ɲ ŋStops p b t d k gAffricates t ʃFricatives b f v d s z ʃ ʒ ɣ Trills rFlaps ɾApproximants j wLaterals l ʎVowel phonemes Anterior PosteriorClosed i uClose mid e oOpen aAlphabet EditOne proposed alphabet has 23 letters 6 Upper case lettersA B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V X ZLower case lettersa b c d e f g h i j l m n o p q r s t u v x zComparative vocabulary EditSome Fala vocabulary are shown in the table below 7 Latin Galician Fala Extremaduran Portuguese Spanish Englishhodie hoxe hoxii hoy hoje hoy todaylocus lugar lugal lugar lugar placedicere dicir izil decir dizer decir to say to telloculus ollo ollu oju olho ojo eyeaqua auga agua augua agua agua watercreare crear crial crial criar crear to createSee also EditGalician Portuguese Leonese language Portuguese language Galician language Fala dos arxinas stonecutters speech a cant spoken by Galician stonecutters Extremaduran language from Astur Leonese roots Castuo or Extremaduran variety of Spanish PortunolReferences Edit Fala at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Promotora Espanola de Linguistica www proel org Retrieved 11 April 2018 newspaper La Vanguardia 8 6 2019 La fala una lengua viva del norte de Extremadura in Spanish Decreto 45 2001 de 20 de marzo por el que se declara bien de interes cultural la A Fala in Spanish Retrieved 2021 10 06 via boe es Gargallo Gil Jose Enrique 1999 Las hablas de San Martin de Trevejo Eljas y Valverde del Fresno Trilogia de los tres lugares in Spanish Merida Editora Regional de Extremadura ISBN 978 8 476 71494 2 Fala omniglot com Galindo Jose 1993 Apuntes socio historicos y linguisticos sobre a Fala do Val de Xalima Alcantara Revista del Seminario de Estudios Cacerenos in Spanish 30 123 148 Further reading Edit Gargallo Gil Jose Enrique 2000 Se habla gallego en Extremadura Y otras cuestiones no menos delicadas sobre romances gentes y tierras peninsulares de frontera con sus nombres In Salvador Plans Antonio Garcia Oliva M ª Dolores Carrasco Gonzalez Juan M eds Actas del I Congreso sobre A Fala in Spanish Merida Editora Regional de Extremadura Gabinete de Iniciativas Transfronterizas pp 53 73 ISBN 84 7671 570 6 Vales Miroslav 2016 A Fala dimension sociolinguistica en las traducciones a una lengua minorizada A Fala Sociolinguistic Dimension in Translations Into a Minority Language Mutatis Mutandis Revista Latinoamericana de Traduccion in Spanish 9 2 348 362 External links Edit For a list of words relating to Fala language see the Fala language category of words in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fala language amp oldid 1124207142, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
