Dahalik (ዳሃሊክ [haka (na)] dahālík, "[language (of)] the people of Dahlak";[2] also Dahaalik, Dahlik, Dahlak) is an Afroasiatic language spoken exclusively in the Dahlak Archipelago in Eritrea. Its speech area is off the coast of Massawa, on three islands in the Dahlak Archipelago: Dahlak Kebir, Nora, and Dehil.
Linguistic map of Eritrea; Dahalik is spoken in the dark purple island region (the coastal region, a lighter shade of purple, is the Arabic-speaking area)
Dahalik belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family's Semitic branch, a member of the Northern branch of the Ethiopic group, and is closely related to Tigre and Tigrinya. It is said to be not mutually intelligible with Tigre and, according to Simeone-Senelle, is sufficiently different to be considered a separate language.[3] However, there are those who disagree.[4]
Dahalik is spoken on the Dahlak Archipelago, an island group belonging to Eritrea in the Red Sea. On the archipelago, most people are speakers of Dahalik with smaller populations of Arabic and Afar native speakers. The situation is different for every village: Durrubishet and Dasquo have almost universal use of Dahalik, while other villages have a greater mix of languages. Most islanders are multilingual in Dahalik, Arabic, and Afar, while the language of education is Arabic. Most Dahalik men have regular contact with Arabic, Tigre, and Afar, and any mixed marriages usually result in the children learning two mother tongues. Dahalik speakers also consider their language to be a mix of Arabic, Tigre, and a small amount of Tigrinya. Overall, there are only a few elderly monolingual speakers of Dahalik. However, Dahalik speakers do have positive attitudes towards the language and see it as an essential part of their cultural identity.[5]
PhonologyEdit
VowelsEdit
/ɛ/ might be another vowel. The vowel /ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables.[5]
The voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/ is the most common articulation of /q/ in the intervocalic position, while the voiceless uvular fricative /χ/ is used after a fricative.
The velar fricative /x/ and the voiced alveolar sibilant /z/ are only used in loanwords from Arabic.
Except for /c/ in a few cases, there are no ejective consonants in Dahalik, and the degree of pharyngealization in /tʼ/ is weak.[5]
MorphologyEdit
PronounsEdit
Dahalik has two different forms for second and third person pronouns, one masculine and one feminine.[5]
Singular
Plural
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
1st person
ana
neħna
2nd person
enta
enti
intum
intun
3rd person
itu
ita
itun
itan
Dahalik also has dependent (object) pronouns, suffixed to the end of the word.[5]
Singular
Plural
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
1st person
-(h)e, -ni
-(he), -ni
-na
2nd person
-ak
-ik
-kum
-kan
3rd person
-o, -(h)u
-a
-(h)um
-(h)an
VerbsEdit
The word order of a simple sentence in Dahalik is subject–object–verb. For conditional subordinate clauses, the subordinating marker ('if' or something similar) is at the end of the clause or just before the verb in the subordinating clause.[5]
^Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle: Dahālík, a newly discovered Afro-Semitic language spoken exclusively in Eritrea 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), in: shaebia.org, 2005
^*Simeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude. 2000. 'Situation linguistique dans le sud de l'Erythrée', in Wolff/Gensler (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress of African Linguistics, 1997, Köln: Köppe, p. 261–276.
^Idris, S. M. 2012. Dahalik: An Endangered Language or a Tigre Variety? Journal of Eritrean Studies 6 (1): 51–74.
^ abcdefgSimeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude. "A Survey of the Dahalik language, an Afro Semitic language spoken exclusively in Eritrea" (PDF). HAL.
External linksEdit
(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2007-10-11. (122 KiB)
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dahalik, language, dahalik, ዳሃሊክ, haka, dahālík, language, people, dahlak, also, dahaalik, dahlik, dahlak, afroasiatic, language, spoken, exclusively, dahlak, archipelago, eritrea, speech, area, coast, massawa, three, islands, dahlak, archipelago, dahlak, kebi. Dahalik ዳሃሊክ haka na dahalik language of the people of Dahlak 2 also Dahaalik Dahlik Dahlak is an Afroasiatic language spoken exclusively in the Dahlak Archipelago in Eritrea Its speech area is off the coast of Massawa on three islands in the Dahlak Archipelago Dahlak Kebir Nora and Dehil DahalikDahaalik Dahalik DahlakNative toEritreaRegionDahlak ArchipelagoNative speakers2 500 2012 1 Language familyAfro Asiatic SemiticWest SemiticSouth SemiticEthiopicNorth EthiopicGeʽezDahalikLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code dlk class extiw title iso639 3 dlk dlk a Glottologdaha1247ELPDahalikLinguistic map of Eritrea Dahalik is spoken in the dark purple island region the coastal region a lighter shade of purple is the Arabic speaking area Dahalik belongs to the Afro Asiatic family s Semitic branch a member of the Northern branch of the Ethiopic group and is closely related to Tigre and Tigrinya It is said to be not mutually intelligible with Tigre and according to Simeone Senelle is sufficiently different to be considered a separate language 3 However there are those who disagree 4 Contents 1 Status 2 Phonology 2 1 Vowels 2 2 Consonants 3 Morphology 3 1 Pronouns 3 2 Verbs 4 References 5 External linksStatus EditDahalik is spoken on the Dahlak Archipelago an island group belonging to Eritrea in the Red Sea On the archipelago most people are speakers of Dahalik with smaller populations of Arabic and Afar native speakers The situation is different for every village Durrubishet and Dasquo have almost universal use of Dahalik while other villages have a greater mix of languages Most islanders are multilingual in Dahalik Arabic and Afar while the language of education is Arabic Most Dahalik men have regular contact with Arabic Tigre and Afar and any mixed marriages usually result in the children learning two mother tongues Dahalik speakers also consider their language to be a mix of Arabic Tigre and a small amount of Tigrinya Overall there are only a few elderly monolingual speakers of Dahalik However Dahalik speakers do have positive attitudes towards the language and see it as an essential part of their cultural identity 5 Phonology EditVowels Edit ɛ might be another vowel The vowel e only occurs in unstressed syllables 5 Vowels Front BackClose i uOpen mid e oOpen aConsonants Edit Dahalik has 21 consonants 5 Consonants Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottalplain ejectivePlosive voiceless t tʼ c k q ʔ voiced b d ɟFricative voiceless f s c x ħ hvoiced ʝ ʁ ʕ ɦNasal m nApproximant l j wTrill rThe voiced uvular fricative ʁ is the most common articulation of q in the intervocalic position while the voiceless uvular fricative x is used after a fricative The velar fricative x and the voiced alveolar sibilant z are only used in loanwords from Arabic Except for c in a few cases there are no ejective consonants in Dahalik and the degree of pharyngealization in tʼ is weak 5 Morphology EditPronouns Edit Dahalik has two different forms for second and third person pronouns one masculine and one feminine 5 Singular Pluralmasculine feminine masculine feminine1st person ana neħna2nd person enta enti intum intun3rd person itu ita itun itanDahalik also has dependent object pronouns suffixed to the end of the word 5 Singular Pluralmasculine feminine masculine feminine1st person h e ni he ni na2nd person ak ik kum kan3rd person o h u a h um h anVerbs Edit The word order of a simple sentence in Dahalik is subject object verb For conditional subordinate clauses the subordinating marker if or something similar is at the end of the clause or just before the verb in the subordinating clause 5 References Edit Dahalik at Ethnologue 19th ed 2016 Marie Claude Simeone Senelle Dahalik a newly discovered Afro Semitic language spoken exclusively in Eritrea Archived 2013 10 02 at the Wayback Machine PDF in shaebia org 2005 Simeone Senelle Marie Claude 2000 Situation linguistique dans le sud de l Erythree in Wolff Gensler eds Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress of African Linguistics 1997 Koln Koppe p 261 276 Idris S M 2012 Dahalik An Endangered Language or a Tigre Variety Journal of Eritrean Studies 6 1 51 74 a b c d e f g Simeone Senelle Marie Claude A Survey of the Dahalik language an Afro Semitic language spoken exclusively in Eritrea PDF HAL External links Edit Shaebia Dahalik a newly discovered Afro Semitic language spoken exclusively in Eritrea PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2013 10 02 Retrieved 2007 10 11 122 KiB Shaebia Dahalik Mysterious Tongue of the Dahlak Islands This Eritrea related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This Semitic languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dahalik language amp oldid 1146555276, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
