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Cocopah language

August 25, 2023

Cocopah is a Delta language of the Yuman language family spoken by the Cocopah. Cocopah is believed to have derived from the Hokan language, and it is related to the other Native American languages of Mojave and Kumeyaay.[2] Cocopah is considered an endangered language, with fewer than 400 speakers at the turn of the 21st century. However, in an effort to keep the language alive, Yuma County's Cocopah Museum began offering classes teaching Cocopah to children in 1998.

Cocopah
Kwikapa
Native toMexico, United States
RegionBaja California, Arizona, Sonora
EthnicityCocopah
Native speakers
US: 370 (2015)[1]
Mexico: 180 (2020)[1]
Yuman–Cochimí
  • Core Yuman
    • Delta–Californian
      • Cocopah
Language codes
ISO 639-3coc
Glottologcoco1261
ELPCocopah
Cocopa is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

History Edit

Much of the Cocopah language was passed down through speaking, rather than through writing. This, in large part, is due to the fact that the language did not have an alphabet for the majority of its existence. It was not until the 1970s that a written language was developed, when a scholar decided to approach this task for a dissertation. Although the creation of an alphabet was useful, the original proved to be less than ideal, and so a new one was developed by the tribe in the early 2000s. As the revival of the language progressed, it became apparent that the language did not have words to fit the advances made in modern society. In turn, the tribe developed new words to attribute to modern objects that did not exist in the ancient language. The elders of the tribe were given the responsibility of developing these new words and/or phrases. [3]

While the Cocopah tribe inhabits parts of Arizona and parts of Mexico, the written language differs based on the location of the tribe. For instance, Cocopah in Mexico use a different orthography than Cocopah in Arizona. The Mexican-based Cocopah use an orthography that was designed by the INALI, an organization that examines and protects the rights of endangered languages.

Sounds Edit

Consonants Edit

Cocopah has 21 consonants:

  • /r/ is usually a trill [r] but sometimes is a flap [ɾ].
  • /tʃ, ɲ, ʃ/ are postalveolar (palato-alveolar). /lʲ, ɬʲ/ are palatalized alveolar consonants.
  • /ɬʲ/ is usually palatalized, but unlike /lʲ/ it does not contrast with a non-palatalized [ɬ].

Vowels Edit

Cocopah has 4 vowels.

Cocopah has both short and long vowels.

Syllable & phonotactics Edit

The Cocopah syllable:

(C)(C)(C)V(ː)(C)(C)
  • Word-initial two-consonant clusters usually consist of a fricative plus another consonant, e.g. /sp, ʂm, ʃp, xt͡ʃ/. Rarer two-consonant clusters start with a lateral or a stop consonant, e.g. /lt͡ʃ, ɬʲt͡ʃ, ps, t͡ʃp/.
  • Three-consonant clusters are rare, recorded examples include /pxk, pxkʷ, spx/.

Bibliography Edit

  • Crawford, James M. (1970). Cocopa Baby Talk. International Journal of American Linguistics, 36, 9-13.
  • Crawford, James M. (1978). More on Cocopa Baby Talk. International Journal of American Linguistics, 44, 17-23.
  • Crawford, James M. (1989). Cocopa Dictionary. University of California Publications in Linguistics (Vol. 114). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-09749-1.
  • Crawford, James M. (1983). Cocopa Texts. University of California Publications in Linguistics (Vol. 100). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-09652-5.
  • Crawford, James M. (1998). Classificatory Verbs in Cocopa. In Hinton, L. & Munro, P. (Eds.), American Indian Languages: Description and Theory (pp. 5–9). Berkeley: University of California.
  • Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
  • Wares, Alan C. (1968). A Comparative Study of Yuman Consonantism. Janua Linguarum, Series Practica (No. 57). The Hauge: Mouton.

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Cocopah at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)  
  2. ^ Vocabulary in Native American Languages. (n.d.). Retrieved February 09, 2018, from http://www.native-languages.org/cocopa_words.htm
  3. ^ "Cocopah language class seeks to keep ancient tongue from dying out" (July 29, 2007) Yuma Sun Archived February 9, 2013, at archive.today

Sources Edit

  • Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020 INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.

External links Edit

  • . American Philosophical Society. Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  • Cocopa Swadesh vocabulary list (from Wiktionary)
  • Cocopa dictionary on Google Books
  • Cocopah language audio Bible stories and lessons - free mp3 downloads
  • Cocopah basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

August 25, 2023
cocopah, language, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 20. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Cocopah language news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Cocopah is a Delta language of the Yuman language family spoken by the Cocopah Cocopah is believed to have derived from the Hokan language and it is related to the other Native American languages of Mojave and Kumeyaay 2 Cocopah is considered an endangered language with fewer than 400 speakers at the turn of the 21st century However in an effort to keep the language alive Yuma County s Cocopah Museum began offering classes teaching Cocopah to children in 1998 CocopahKwikapaNative toMexico United StatesRegionBaja California Arizona SonoraEthnicityCocopahNative speakersUS 370 2015 1 Mexico 180 2020 1 Language familyYuman Cochimi Core YumanDelta CalifornianCocopahLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code coc class extiw title iso639 3 coc coc a Glottologcoco1261ELPCocopahCocopa is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World s Languages in DangerThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA Contents 1 History 2 Sounds 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 2 3 Syllable amp phonotactics 3 Bibliography 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksHistory EditMuch of the Cocopah language was passed down through speaking rather than through writing This in large part is due to the fact that the language did not have an alphabet for the majority of its existence It was not until the 1970s that a written language was developed when a scholar decided to approach this task for a dissertation Although the creation of an alphabet was useful the original proved to be less than ideal and so a new one was developed by the tribe in the early 2000s As the revival of the language progressed it became apparent that the language did not have words to fit the advances made in modern society In turn the tribe developed new words to attribute to modern objects that did not exist in the ancient language The elders of the tribe were given the responsibility of developing these new words and or phrases 3 While the Cocopah tribe inhabits parts of Arizona and parts of Mexico the written language differs based on the location of the tribe For instance Cocopah in Mexico use a different orthography than Cocopah in Arizona The Mexican based Cocopah use an orthography that was designed by the INALI an organization that examines and protects the rights of endangered languages Sounds EditConsonants Edit Cocopah has 21 consonants Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottalplain lateral plain lateral plain labialNasal m n ɲStop p t ʈ tʃ k kʷ ʔFricative s ʂ ʃ ɬʲ x xʷApproximant l j lʲ wTrill r r is usually a trill r but sometimes is a flap ɾ tʃ ɲ ʃ are postalveolar palato alveolar lʲ ɬʲ are palatalized alveolar consonants ɬʲ is usually palatalized but unlike lʲ it does not contrast with a non palatalized ɬ Vowels Edit Cocopah has 4 vowels Front BackClose i iː u uːMid e eːOpen a aːCocopah has both short and long vowels Syllable amp phonotactics Edit The Cocopah syllable C C C V ː C C Word initial two consonant clusters usually consist of a fricative plus another consonant e g sp ʂm ʃp xt ʃ Rarer two consonant clusters start with a lateral or a stop consonant e g lt ʃ ɬʲt ʃ ps t ʃp Three consonant clusters are rare recorded examples include pxk pxkʷ spx Bibliography EditCrawford James M 1970 Cocopa Baby Talk International Journal of American Linguistics 36 9 13 Crawford James M 1978 More on Cocopa Baby Talk International Journal of American Linguistics 44 17 23 Crawford James M 1989 Cocopa Dictionary University of California Publications in Linguistics Vol 114 Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 0 520 09749 1 Crawford James M 1983 Cocopa Texts University of California Publications in Linguistics Vol 100 Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 0 520 09652 5 Crawford James M 1998 Classificatory Verbs in Cocopa In Hinton L amp Munro P Eds American Indian Languages Description and Theory pp 5 9 Berkeley University of California Mithun Marianne 1999 The Languages of Native North America Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 23228 7 hbk ISBN 0 521 29875 X Wares Alan C 1968 A Comparative Study of Yuman Consonantism Janua Linguarum Series Practica No 57 The Hauge Mouton References Edit a b Cocopah at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 Vocabulary in Native American Languages n d Retrieved February 09 2018 from http www native languages org cocopa words htm Cocopah language class seeks to keep ancient tongue from dying out July 29 2007 Yuma Sun Archived February 9 2013 at archive todaySources EditLenguas indigenas y hablantes de 3 anos y mas 2020 INEGI Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda 2020 External links Edit Native American Audio Collections Cocopa American Philosophical Society Archived from the original on 2016 05 13 Retrieved 2013 05 20 Cocopa Swadesh vocabulary list from Wiktionary Cocopa dictionary on Google Books Cocopah language audio Bible stories and lessons free mp3 downloads Cocopah basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cocopah language amp oldid 1166421129, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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