Bribri, also known as Bri-bri, Bribriwak, and Bribri-wak, is a Chibchan language, from a language family indigenous to the Isthmo-Colombian Area, which extends from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia and includes populations of those countries as well as Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. As of 2002, there were about 11,000 speakers left.[2] An estimate by the National Census of Costa Rica in 2011 found that Bribri is currently spoken by 54.7% of the 12,785 Bribri people, about 7,000 individuals.[3] It is a tonal language whose word order is subject–object–verb.
There are three traditional dialects of Bribri: Coroma (in the western region of the Talamanca mountain range), Amubre (in the eastern region of the Talamanca mountain range) and Salitre (in the South Pacific area). Bribri is a tribal name, deriving from a word for "mountainous" in their own language. The Bribri language is also referred to as Su Uhtuk, which means "our language."[4] Bribri is reportedly most similar to sister language Cabécar as both languages have nasal harmony, but they are mutually unintelligible.[5]
/d/ can have an allophone of [ɽ], as well as nasal allophones of [ɽ̃, n].
/ɟ͡ʝ/ can have an allophone of [ɲ].
/ɾ/ can have an allophone of [r].
/w, j/ can have nasalised allophones of [w̃, j̃].[6]
Vowelsedit
I, u and a are pronounced in the same manner as they would be in Spanish. E and o are more open than in Spanish. The sound of ë is between i and e, in the same manner as ö is between u and o. The nasal vowels are pronounced similarly to the corresponding orals, with the addition of some air exiting through the nose.
Nasal vowels are indicated by a tilde: ⟨ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ⟩ (Previously indicated with a macron below: a̱, e̱, i̱, o̱, u̱), except after a nasal consonant (already indicating nasalisation of the vowel).
Tones are indicated by the grave accent for the high tone and the acute accent for the low tone; these can also be placed on the nasal vowels.
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo; Feliciano Elizondo Figueroa; Francisco Pereira Mora (1998). Curso básico de bribri. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (1991). Las lenguas del área intermedia: Introducción a su estudio areal. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (2008). "Estado actual de la subclasificación de las lenguas chibchenses y de la reconstrucción fonológica y gramatical del protochibchense". Estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. 27. San José, Costa Rica: 117–135.
García Miguel; José María (1999). "La expresión de actantes centrales en español (romance) y bribri (chibcha): tipología, discurso y cognición" (PDF). Actas do 1º Encontro de Lingüística Cognitiva. Faculdade de Letras do Porto: 101–121.
Jara Murillo; Carla Victoria (1993). I ttè. Historias bribris. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Jara Murillo; Carla Victoria (2013). "Morfología verbal de la lengua bribri". Estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. 32. San José, Costa Rica: 95–152.
Jara Murillo; Carla Victoria; Alí García Segura (1997). Kó késka. El lugar del tiempo. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Jara Murillo; Carla Victoria; Alí García Segura (2009). Se' ẽ' yawö bribri wa. Aprendemos la lengua bribri. San José, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica – UNICEF.
Jara Murillo; Carla Victoria; Alí García Segura (2013). Se' ttö́ bribri ie. Hablemos en bribri. San José, Costa Rica: E-Digital.
Krohn, Haakon Stensrud (2014). "Semántica de los clasificadores numerales en el bribri de Coroma". Estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. 33. San José, Costa Rica: 209–239.
Margery Peña, Enrique (1982). Diccionario fraseológico bribri–español español–bribri. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Quesada, J. Diego (2007). The Chibchan languages. Cartago, Costa Rica: Editorial Tecnológica de Costa Rica.
Sánchez Avendaño, Carlos (2009). "La voz media en bribri y la hipótesis de la elaboración relativa de los eventos". Estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. 28. San José, Costa Rica: 47–73.
Tohsaku, Y.-H. (1987). "Bribri nasal harmony from the vantage point of the universal theory of harmony". Working Papers of the Linguistic Circle of the University of Victoria. 6 (1): 1–10.
External linksedit
Bribri language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
Portal de la lengua bribri. Bribri texts, audios and transcriptions, by Carla V. Jara and Alí García Segura
Bribri's entry on the WALS
Recordings of Bribri conversations and narratives from the Indigenous Languages of Costa Rica Collection of Laura Cervantes at AILLA.
This Costa Rica-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
bribri, language, bribri, also, known, bribriwak, bribri, chibchan, language, from, language, family, indigenous, isthmo, colombian, area, which, extends, from, eastern, honduras, northern, colombia, includes, populations, those, countries, well, nicaragua, co. Bribri also known as Bri bri Bribriwak and Bribri wak is a Chibchan language from a language family indigenous to the Isthmo Colombian Area which extends from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia and includes populations of those countries as well as Nicaragua Costa Rica and Panama As of 2002 there were about 11 000 speakers left 2 An estimate by the National Census of Costa Rica in 2011 found that Bribri is currently spoken by 54 7 of the 12 785 Bribri people about 7 000 individuals 3 It is a tonal language whose word order is subject object verb BribriTalamancaNative toCosta Rica RegionLimon province Talamanca canton along Lari Telire and Uren rivers Puntarenas province Buenos Aires cantonEthnicity12 200 Bribri 2000 1 Native speakers7 000 2011 1 11 000 2000 Language familyChibchan TalamancaBribriOfficial statusRecognised minoritylanguage inCosta RicaLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code bzd class extiw title iso639 3 bzd bzd a Glottologbrib1243ELPBribri image reference needed Map showing dialects of Bribri There are three traditional dialects of Bribri Coroma in the western region of the Talamanca mountain range Amubre in the eastern region of the Talamanca mountain range and Salitre in the South Pacific area Bribri is a tribal name deriving from a word for mountainous in their own language The Bribri language is also referred to as Su Uhtuk which means our language 4 Bribri is reportedly most similar to sister language Cabecar as both languages have nasal harmony but they are mutually unintelligible 5 Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Consonants 1 2 Vowels 2 Alphabet 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksPhonology editConsonants edit Bilabial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Nasal m n ɲ Plosive p b t d k ʔ Affricate t k t s t ʃ ɟ ʝ Fricative s ʃ h Flap ɾ Glide w j b can have allophones of b m d can have an allophone of ɽ as well as nasal allophones of ɽ n ɟ ʝ can have an allophone of ɲ ɾ can have an allophone of r w j can have nasalised allophones of w j 6 Vowels edit I u and a are pronounced in the same manner as they would be in Spanish E and o are more open than in Spanish The sound of e is between i and e in the same manner as o is between u and o The nasal vowels are pronounced similarly to the corresponding orals with the addition of some air exiting through the nose Vowels Front Central Back High oral i u nasal ĩ ũ Near high ɪ ʊ Mid low oral ɛ ɔ nasal ɛ ɔ Low oral a nasal a Spanish examples of oral vowels yi quien u casa ye padre papa to si ye yo so cucaracha awa medico Spanish examples of nasal vowels mĩ madre mama ũ olla sẽ eso ese mo nube a en paraAlphabet editThe Linguistics Department at the University of Costa Rica has conceived a standardized spelling system that is based on several earlier attempts 7 nbsp Bribri sign in a restaurant in Bribri in Talamanca Costa Rica Translation I m hungry I m going to eat Majuscule forms also called uppercase or capital letters A B D CH E E I J K L M N N O O P PP R RR S SH T TT TCH TS U Y ʼ Minuscule forms also called lowercase or small letters a b d ch e e i j k l m n n o o p pp r rr s sh t tt tch ts u y ʼ Nasal vowels are indicated by a tilde a ẽ ĩ o ũ Previously indicated with a macron below a e i o u except after a nasal consonant already indicating nasalisation of the vowel Tones are indicated by the grave accent for the high tone and the acute accent for the low tone these can also be placed on the nasal vowels See also editBribri Sign LanguageReferences edit a b Bribri at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Ethnologue Archived from the original on 28 June 2011 Retrieved 22 February 2011 Vista de Morfologia verbal de la lengua bribri revistas ucr ac cr Retrieved 2020 01 29 Bribri Language and the Bribri Indian Tribe Bri Bri Talamanca Coroma www native languages org Retrieved 2020 01 29 Bribri Ethnologue Retrieved 2020 01 29 Chevrier Natacha 2017 Analyse de la phonologie du bribri chibcha dans une perspective typologique Nasalite et geminee modulee Jara amp Garcia 2013 Bibliography editConstenla Umana Adolfo Feliciano Elizondo Figueroa Francisco Pereira Mora 1998 Curso basico de bribri San Jose Costa Rica Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica Constenla Umana Adolfo 1991 Las lenguas del area intermedia Introduccion a su estudio areal San Jose Costa Rica Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica Constenla Umana Adolfo 2008 Estado actual de la subclasificacion de las lenguas chibchenses y de la reconstruccion fonologica y gramatical del protochibchense Estudios de Linguistica Chibcha 27 San Jose Costa Rica 117 135 Garcia Miguel Jose Maria 1999 La expresion de actantes centrales en espanol romance y bribri chibcha tipologia discurso y cognicion PDF Actas do 1º Encontro de Linguistica Cognitiva Faculdade de Letras do Porto 101 121 Jara Murillo Carla Victoria 1993 I tte Historias bribris San Jose Costa Rica Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica Jara Murillo Carla Victoria 2013 Morfologia verbal de la lengua bribri Estudios de Linguistica Chibcha 32 San Jose Costa Rica 95 152 Jara Murillo Carla Victoria Ali Garcia Segura 1997 Ko keska El lugar del tiempo San Jose Costa Rica Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica Jara Murillo Carla Victoria Ali Garcia Segura 2009 Se ẽ yawo bribri wa Aprendemos la lengua bribri San Jose Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica UNICEF Jara Murillo Carla Victoria Ali Garcia Segura 2013 Se tto bribri ie Hablemos en bribri San Jose Costa Rica E Digital Krohn Haakon Stensrud 2014 Semantica de los clasificadores numerales en el bribri de Coroma Estudios de Linguistica Chibcha 33 San Jose Costa Rica 209 239 Margery Pena Enrique 1982 Diccionario fraseologico bribri espanol espanol bribri San Jose Costa Rica Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica Quesada J Diego 2007 The Chibchan languages Cartago Costa Rica Editorial Tecnologica de Costa Rica Sanchez Avendano Carlos 2009 La voz media en bribri y la hipotesis de la elaboracion relativa de los eventos Estudios de Linguistica Chibcha 28 San Jose Costa Rica 47 73 Tohsaku Y H 1987 Bribri nasal harmony from the vantage point of the universal theory of harmony Working Papers of the Linguistic Circle of the University of Victoria 6 1 1 10 External links edit nbsp Bribri language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Portal de la lengua bribri Bribri texts audios and transcriptions by Carla V Jara and Ali Garcia Segura Bribri s entry on the WALS A Bribri course with audio files Jara Murillo Carla con Ali Garcia Segura 2008 Materiales y Ejercicios para el Curso de Bribri I Universidad de Costa Rica Recordings of Bribri conversations and narratives from the Indigenous Languages of Costa Rica Collection of Laura Cervantes at AILLA nbsp This Costa Rica related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This article related to the Indigenous languages of the Americas is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bribri language amp oldid 1189721692, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
