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Pearl Jam

January 08, 2023

This article is about the band. For the band's eponymous album, see Pearl Jam (album).

Pearl Jam is an American alternative rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. The band's lineup consists of founding members Jeff Ament (bass guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar), Mike McCready (lead guitar), and Eddie Vedder (lead vocals, guitar), as well as Matt Cameron (drums), who joined in 1998. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a touring/session member with the band since 2002. Drummers Jack Irons, Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band. Pearl Jam outsold many of their contemporaries from the early 1990s, and are considered one of the most influential bands of the decade,[1] being dubbed as "the most popular American rock and roll band of the '90s".[2]

Pearl Jam
Pearl Jam performing in Amsterdam 2012. From left to right: Mike McCready, Jeff Ament, Matt Cameron, Eddie Vedder and Stone Gossard.
Background information
Also known asMookie Blaylock (1990)
OriginSeattle, Washington, U.S.
Genres
Years active1990–present
Labels
SpinoffsHovercraft
Spinoff of
Members
Past members
Websitepearljam.com

Formed after the demise of Gossard and Ament's previous band, Mother Love Bone, Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with their debut album, Ten, in 1991. Ten stayed on the Billboard 200 chart for nearly five years, and has gone on to become one of the highest-selling rock records ever, going 13× platinum in the United States. Released in 1993, Pearl Jam's second album, Vs., sold over 950,000 copies in its first week of release, setting the record for most copies of an album sold in its first week of release at the time. Their third album, Vitalogy (1994), became the second-fastest-selling CD in history at the time, with more than 877,000 units sold in its first week.

One of the key bands in the grunge movement of the early 1990s, Pearl Jam's members often shunned popular music industry practices such as making music videos or participating in interviews. The band also sued Ticketmaster, claiming it had monopolized the concert-ticket market. In 2006, Rolling Stone described the band as having "spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame."[3]

Pearl Jam had sold more than 85 million albums worldwide by 2018, including nearly 32 million albums in the United States by 2012,[4] making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. Pearl Jam was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017 in its first year of eligibility.[5] They were ranked eighth in a readers' poll by Rolling Stone magazine in its "Top Ten Live Acts of All Time" issue.[6] Throughout its career, the band has also promoted wider social and political issues, from pro-abortion rights sentiments to opposition to George W. Bush's presidency. Vedder acts as the band's spokesman on these issues.

History

Formation and early years (1984–1990)

Stone Gossard and Jeff Ament were members of grunge band Green River during the mid-1980s. Green River toured and recorded to moderate success but disbanded in 1987 due to a stylistic division between the pair and bandmates Mark Arm and Steve Turner.[7] In late 1987, Gossard and Ament began playing with Malfunkshun vocalist Andrew Wood, eventually organizing the band Mother Love Bone. In 1988 and 1989, the band recorded and toured to increasing interest and found the support of the PolyGram record label, which signed the band in early 1989. Mother Love Bone's debut album, Apple, was released in July 1990, four months after Wood died of a heroin overdose.[8]

Ament and Gossard were devastated by the death of Wood and the resulting demise of Mother Love Bone. Gossard spent his time afterwards writing material that was harder-edged than what he had been doing previously.[9] After a few months, Gossard started practicing with fellow Seattle guitarist Mike McCready, whose band, Shadow, had broken up; McCready in turn encouraged Gossard to reconnect with Ament.[3] After practicing for a while, the trio sent out a five-song demo tape in order to find a singer and a drummer. They gave former Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Jack Irons the demo to see if he would be interested in joining the band and to distribute the demo to anyone he felt might fit the lead vocal position.[9]

Irons passed on the invitation but gave the demo to his basketball friend, San Diego, California singer Eddie Vedder.[10] Vedder was the lead vocalist for a San Diego band, Bad Radio, and worked part-time at a gas station. He listened to the tape shortly before going surfing, where lyrics came to him.[9] He then recorded the vocals to three of the songs ("Alive", "Once", and "Footsteps") in what he later described as a "mini-opera" entitled Mamasan.[11] Vedder sent the tape with his vocals back to the three Seattle musicians, who were impressed enough to fly Vedder up to Seattle for an audition. Within a week, Vedder had joined the band.[9]

With the addition of Dave Krusen on drums, the band took the name Mookie Blaylock, in reference to the then-active basketball player.[12] The band played its first official show at the Off Ramp Café in Seattle on October 22, 1990.[13] They opened for Alice in Chains at the Moore Theatre in Seattle on December 22, 1990,[14] and served as the opening act for the band's Facelift tour in 1991.[15][16] Mookie Blaylock soon signed to Epic Records and renamed themselves Pearl Jam.[2] In an early promotional interview, Vedder said that the name "Pearl Jam" was a reference to his great-grandmother Pearl, who was married to a Native American and had a special recipe for peyote-laced jam.[17] In a 2006 Rolling Stone cover story however, Vedder admitted that this story was "total bullshit", even though he indeed had a great-grandma named Pearl. Ament and McCready explained that Ament came up with "pearl", and that the band later settled on "Pearl Jam" after attending a Neil Young concert, in which he extended his songs as improvisations of 15–20 minutes in length.[3]

Ten and the grunge explosion (1991–1992)

Pearl Jam entered Seattle's London Bridge Studios in March 1991 to record its debut album, Ten.[18] McCready said that "Ten was mostly Stone and Jeff; me and Eddie were along for the ride at that time."[19] Krusen left the band in May 1991 after checking himself into rehabilitation for alcoholism;[20] he was replaced by Matt Chamberlain, who had previously played with Edie Brickell & New Bohemians. After playing only a handful of shows, one of which was filmed for the "Alive" video, Chamberlain left to join the Saturday Night Live band.[12] Chamberlain suggested Dave Abbruzzese as his replacement. Abbruzzese joined the group and played the rest of Pearl Jam's live shows supporting Ten.[12]

Released on August 27, 1991, Ten (named after Mookie Blaylock's jersey number)[17] contained eleven tracks dealing with dark subjects like depression, suicide, loneliness, and murder. Ten's musical style, influenced by classic rock, combined an "expansive harmonic vocabulary" with an anthemic sound.[21] The album was slow to sell, but by the second half of 1992 it became a breakthrough success, being certified gold and reaching number two on the Billboard charts.[18] Ten produced the hit singles "Alive", "Even Flow", and "Jeremy". Originally interpreted as an anthem by many,[9] Vedder later revealed that "Alive" tells the semi-autobiographical tale of a son discovering that his father is actually his stepfather, while his mother's grief turns her to sexually embrace her son, who strongly resembles the biological father. In this lyric, even though Vedder originally looked at "being alive as a curse," as the sadness the speaker in the song suggests, "...But as fans quickly turned the title phrase into a self-empowering anthem," particularly at Pearl Jam concerts, Vedder said, "they lifted the curse. The audience changed the meaning for me," he told VH1 Storytellers in 2006.[22]

The song "Jeremy" and its accompanying video were inspired by a true story in which a high school student shot himself in front of his classmates.[23] Ten stayed on the Billboard charts for nearly five years, and has gone on to become one of the highest-selling rock records ever, going 13× platinum.[24]

With the success of Ten, Pearl Jam became a key member of the Seattle grunge explosion, along with Alice in Chains, Nirvana, and Soundgarden. The band was criticized in the music press; British music magazine NME said that Pearl Jam was "trying to steal money from young alternative kids' pockets."[25] Nirvana's Kurt Cobain angrily attacked Pearl Jam, claiming the band were commercial sellouts,[26] and argued Ten was not a true alternative album because it had so many prominent guitar leads.[18] Cobain later reconciled with Vedder, and they reportedly were on amicable terms before Cobain's death in 1994.[3]

Pearl Jam toured relentlessly in support of Ten. Ament stated that "essentially Ten was just an excuse to tour," adding, "We told the record company, 'We know we can be a great band, so let's just get the opportunity to get out and play.'"[27] The band's manager, Kelly Curtis, stated, "Once people came and saw them live, this lightbulb would go on. Doing their first tour, you kind of knew it was happening and there was no stopping it."[19] Early on in Pearl Jam's career, the band became known for its intense live performances. Looking back at this time, Vedder said that "playing music and then getting a shot at making a record and at having an audience and stuff, it's just like an untamed force...But it didn't come from jock mentality. It came from just being let out of the gates."[28]

In 1992, Pearl Jam made television appearances on Saturday Night Live and MTV Unplugged and took a slot on that summer's Lollapalooza tour with Ministry, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Soundgarden, among others.[29][30][31] The band contributed two songs to the soundtrack of the 1992 Cameron Crowe film Singles: "State of Love and Trust" and "Breath". Ament, Gossard and Vedder appeared in Singles under the name "Citizen Dick"; their parts were filmed when Pearl Jam was known as Mookie Blaylock.[32]

Vs., Vitalogy and dealing with success (1993–1995)

 
Pearl Jam with President Bill Clinton in the White House in 1994

The band members grew uncomfortable with their success, with much of the burden of Pearl Jam's popularity falling on frontman Vedder.[9] While Pearl Jam received four awards at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards for its video for "Jeremy", including Video of the Year and Best Group Video, the band refused to make a video for "Black" in spite of pressure from the label. This action began a trend of the band refusing to make videos for its songs. Vedder felt that the concept of music videos robbed listeners from creating their own interpretations of the song, stating that "Before music videos first came out, you'd listen to a song with headphones on, sitting in a beanbag chair with your eyes closed, and you'd come up with your own visions, these things that came from within. Then all of a sudden, sometimes even the first time you heard a song, it was with these visual images attached, and it robbed you of any form of self-expression."[33] "Ten years from now," Ament said, "I don't want people to remember our songs as videos."[9]

Pearl Jam headed into the studio in early 1993 facing the challenge of following up the commercial success of its debut. McCready said, "The band was blown up pretty big and everything was pretty crazy."[34] Released on October 19, 1993, Pearl Jam's second album, Vs., sold 950,378 copies in its first week of release and outperformed all other entries in the Billboard top ten that week combined.[35] The album set the record for most copies of an album sold in its first week of release, which it held until broken by Garth Brooks' 1998 album, Double Live.[36] Vs. included the singles "Go", "Daughter", "Animal", and "Dissident". Paul Evans of Rolling Stone said, "Few American bands have arrived more clearly talented than this one did with Ten; and Vs. tops even that debut." He added, "Like Jim Morrison and Pete Townshend, Vedder makes a forte of his psychological-mythic explorations... As guitarists Stone Gossard and Mike McCready paint dense and slashing backdrops, he invites us into a drama of experiment and strife."[37] The band decided, beginning with the release of Vs., to scale back its commercial efforts.[38] The members declined to produce any more music videos after the massive success of "Jeremy" and opted for fewer interviews and television appearances. Industry insiders compared Pearl Jam's tour that year to the touring habits of Led Zeppelin, in that the band "ignored the press and took its music directly to the fans."[39] During the Vs. Tour, the band set a cap on ticket prices in an attempt to thwart scalpers.[40]

By 1994, Pearl Jam was "fighting on all fronts", as its manager described the band at the time.[41] Reporter Chuck Philips broke a series of stories showing that Ticketmaster was gouging Pearl Jam's customers.[42] Pearl Jam was outraged when, after it played a pair of charity benefit shows in Chicago, Illinois, it discovered that ticket vendor Ticketmaster had added a service charge to the tickets. Pearl Jam was committed to keeping their concert ticket prices down but Fred Rosen of Ticketmaster refused to waive the service charge. Since Ticketmaster controlled most major venues, the band was forced to create from scratch its own outdoor stadiums in rural areas in order to perform. Pearl Jam's efforts to organize a tour without the ticket giant collapsed, which Pearl Jam said was evidence of Ticketmaster's monopoly. An analysis of journalist Chuck Philips' investigative series[43][44][45][46][47][48] in a well known legal monograph[49] concluded that it was hard to imagine a legitimate reason for Ticketmaster's exclusive contracts with venues and contracts to cover such a lengthy period of time. The authors said, "The pervasiveness of Ticketmaster's exclusive agreements, coupled with their excessive duration and the manner in which they are procured, supported a finding that Ticketmaster had engaged in anticompetitive conduct under section 2 of the Sherman Act."

The United States Department of Justice was investigating the company's practices at the time and asked the band to create a memorandum of its experiences with the company. Band members Gossard and Ament testified at a subcommittee investigation on June 30, 1994, in Washington, D.C.[50] Pearl Jam alleged that Ticketmaster used anti-competitive and monopolistic practices to gouge fans. After Pearl Jam's testimony before Congress, Congressman Dingell (D-Mich.) wrote a bill requiring full disclosure to prevent Ticketmaster from burying escalating service fees. Pearl Jam's manager said he was gratified that Congress recognized the problem as a national issue.[51] The band eventually canceled its 1994 summer tour in protest.[52] After the Justice Department dropped the case, Pearl Jam continued to boycott Ticketmaster, refusing to play venues that had contracts with the company.[53] The band tried to work around Ticketmaster's exclusive contracts by hosting charities and benefits at major venues, because the exclusive contracts often contained a clause allowing charity event promoters to sell their own tickets.[54] Music critic Jim DeRogatis noted that along with the Ticketmaster debacle, "the band has refused to release singles or make videos; it has demanded that its albums be released on vinyl; and it wants to be more like its '60s heroes, The Who, releasing two or three albums a year." He also stated that sources said that most of the band's third album Vitalogy was completed by early 1994, but that either a forced delay by Epic or the battle with Ticketmaster was to blame for the delay.[41]

Pearl Jam wrote and recorded while touring behind Vs. and the majority of the tracks for Vitalogy were recorded during breaks on the tour. Tensions within the band had dramatically increased by this time. Producer Brendan O'Brien said, "Vitalogy was a little strained. I'm being polite—there was some imploding going on."[19][55] After Pearl Jam finished the recording of Vitalogy, drummer Dave Abbruzzese was fired. The band cited political differences between Abbruzzese and the other members; for example, Abbruzzese disagreed with the Ticketmaster boycott.[19][55] He was replaced by Jack Irons, who had connected Vedder to the rest of the band some four years prior. Irons made his debut with the band at Neil Young's 1994 Bridge School Benefit, but he was not officially announced as the band's new drummer until its 1995 Self-Pollution satellite radio broadcast, a four-and-a-half-hour-long pirate broadcast out of Seattle which was available to any radio stations that wanted to carry it.[56]

Vitalogy was released first on November 22, 1994, on vinyl and then two weeks later on December 6, 1994, on CD and cassette. The CD became the second-fastest-selling in history, with more than 877,000 units sold in its first week.[13] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said that "thanks to its stripped-down, lean production, Vitalogy stands as Pearl Jam's most original and uncompromising album."[57] Many of the songs on the album appear to be inspired by the pressures of fame.[58] The song "Spin the Black Circle", an homage to vinyl records, won a Grammy Award in 1996 for Best Hard Rock Performance. Vitalogy also included the songs "Not for You", "Corduroy", "Better Man", and "Immortality". "Better Man" ( sample), a song originally written and performed by Vedder while in Bad Radio, reached number one on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, spending a total of eight weeks there. Considered a "blatantly great pop song" by producer Brendan O'Brien, Pearl Jam was reluctant to record it and had initially rejected it from Vs. due to its accessibility.[19][55]

The band continued its boycott against Ticketmaster during its 1995 tour for Vitalogy, but was surprised that virtually no other bands joined in.[59] Pearl Jam's initiative to play only at non-Ticketmaster venues effectively, with a few exceptions, prevented it from playing shows in the United States for the next three years.[60] Ament later said, "We were so hardheaded about the 1995 tour. Had to prove we could tour on our own, and it pretty much killed us, killed our career."[19][55] In the same year Pearl Jam backed Neil Young, whom the band had noted as an influence, on his album Mirror Ball. Contractual obligations prevented the use of the band's name anywhere on the album, but the members were all credited individually in the album's liner notes.[2] Two songs from the sessions were left off Mirror Ball: "I Got Id" and "Long Road". These two tracks were released separately by Pearl Jam in the form of the 1995 EP, Merkin Ball.

No Code and Yield (1996–1999)

Following the round of touring for Vitalogy, the band went into the studio to record its follow-up, No Code. Vedder said, "Making No Code was all about gaining perspective."[61] Released in 1996, No Code was seen as a deliberate break from the band's sound since Ten,[62] favoring experimental ballads and noisy garage rockers. David Browne of Entertainment Weekly stated that "No Code displays a wider range of moods and instrumentation than on any previous Pearl Jam album."[63] The lyrical themes on the album deal with issues of self-examination,[64] with Ament stating, "In some ways, it's like the band's story. It's about growing up."[64] Although the album debuted at number one on the Billboard charts, it quickly fell down the charts. No Code included the singles "Who You Are" ( sample (help·info)), "Hail, Hail", and "Off He Goes". As with Vitalogy, very little touring was done to promote No Code because of the band's refusal to play in Ticketmaster's venue areas. A European tour took place in the fall of 1996. Gossard stated that there was "a lot of stress associated with trying to tour at that time" and that "it was growing more and more difficult to be excited about being part of the band."[19][55]

 
Lead guitarist Mike McCready in Columbia, Maryland on September 18, 1998

Following the short tour for No Code, the band went into the studio in 1997 to record its follow-up. The sessions for the band's fifth album represented more of a team effort among all members of the group, with Ament stating that "everybody really got a little bit of their say on the record...because of that, everybody feels like they're an integral part of the band."[65] On February 3, 1998, Pearl Jam released its fifth album, Yield. The album was cited as a return to the band's early, straightforward rock sound.[66] Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly stated that the band has "turned in an intermittently affecting album that veers between fiery garage rock and rootsy, acoustic-based ruminations. Perhaps mindful of their position as the last alt-rock ambassadors with any degree of clout, they've come up with their most cohesive album since their 1991 debut, Ten."[67] Lyrically, Yield continued with the more contemplative type of writing found on No Code,[68] with Vedder saying, "What was rage in the past has become reflection."[69] Yield debuted at number two on the Billboard charts, but like No Code soon began dropping down the charts.[70] It included the singles "Given to Fly" and "Wishlist". The band hired comic book artist Todd McFarlane to create an animated video for the song "Do the Evolution" from the album, its first music video since 1992.[71] A documentary detailing the making of Yield, Single Video Theory, was released on VHS and DVD later that year.

In April 1998, Pearl Jam once again changed drummers. Jack Irons left the band due to dissatisfaction with touring and was replaced with former Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron on an initially temporary basis,[72] but he soon became a permanent replacement for Irons. Pearl Jam's 1998 Yield Tour in North America marked the band's return to full-scale touring. The band's anti-trust lawsuit against Ticketmaster had proven to be unsuccessful and hindered live tours. Many fans had complained about the difficulty in obtaining tickets and the use of non-Ticketmaster venues, which were judged to be out-of-the-way and impersonal. For this tour and future tours, Pearl Jam once again began using Ticketmaster in order to "better accommodate concertgoers."[73] The 1998 summer tour was a big success,[74] and after it was completed the band released Live on Two Legs, a live album which featured select performances from the tour.

In 1998, Pearl Jam recorded "Last Kiss", a cover of a 1960s ballad made famous by J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers. It was recorded during a soundcheck and released on the band's 1998 fan club Christmas single. The following year, the cover was put into heavy rotation across the country. By popular demand, the cover was released to the public as a single in 1999, with all of the proceeds going to the aid of refugees of the Kosovo War.[13] The band also decided to include the song on the 1999 charity compilation album, No Boundaries: A Benefit for the Kosovar Refugees. "Last Kiss" peaked at number two on the Billboard charts and became the band's highest-charting single.

Binaural and the Roskilde tragedy (2000–2001)

Following its full-scale tour in support of Yield, the band took a short break, but then reconvened toward the end of 1999 and commenced work on a new album. On May 16, 2000, Pearl Jam released its sixth studio album, Binaural. It was drummer Matt Cameron's studio recording debut with the band. The title is a reference to the binaural recording techniques that were utilized on several tracks by producer Tchad Blake, known for his use of the technique.[75] Binaural was the first album since the band's debut not produced by Brendan O'Brien, although O'Brien was called in later to remix several tracks. Gossard stated that the band members "were ready for a change."[34] Jon Pareles of Rolling Stone said, "Apparently as tired of grunge as everyone except Creed fans, Pearl Jam delve elsewhere." He added, "The album reflects both Pearl Jam's longstanding curse of self-importance and a renewed willingness to be experimental or just plain odd."[76] The album is lyrically darker than the band's previous album Yield, with Gossard describing the lyrics as "pretty sombre."[68] Binaural included the singles "Nothing as It Seems", one of the songs featuring binaural recording, and "Light Years". The album sold just over 700,000 copies and became the first Pearl Jam studio album to fail to reach platinum status.[77]

 
Pearl Jam in Columbia, Maryland on September 4, 2000

Pearl Jam decided to record every show on its 2000 Binaural Tour professionally, after noting the desire of fans to own a copy of the shows they attended and the popularity of bootleg recordings. The band had been open in the past about allowing fans to make amateur recordings,[78] and these "official bootlegs" were an attempt to provide a more affordable and better quality product for fans.[79] Pearl Jam originally intended to release them to only fan club members, but the band's record contract prevented it from doing so. Pearl Jam released all of the albums in record stores as well as through its fan club. The band released 72 live albums in 2000 and 2001, and twice set a record for most albums to debut in the Billboard 200 at the same time.[80][81]

Pearl Jam's 2000 European tour ended in tragedy on June 30, with an accident at the Roskilde Festival in Denmark. Nine fans were crushed underfoot and suffocated to death as the crowd rushed to the front. After numerous requests for the crowd to step back, the band stopped playing and tried to calm the crowd when the musicians realized what was happening, but it was already too late. The two remaining dates of the tour were canceled and members of the band contemplated retiring after this event.[82]

A month after the European tour concluded, the band embarked on its two-leg 2000 North American tour. On performing after the Roskilde tragedy, Vedder said that "playing, facing crowds, being together—it enabled us to start processing it."[19][55] On October 22, 2000, the band played the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, celebrating the tenth anniversary of its first live performance as a band. Vedder took the opportunity to thank the many people who had helped the band come together and make it to ten years. He noted that "I would never do this accepting a Grammy or something."[83] After concluding the Binaural Tour, the band released Touring Band 2000 the following year. The DVD featured select performances from the North American legs of the tour.

Following the events of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Vedder and McCready were joined by Neil Young to perform the song "Long Road" from the Merkin Ball EP at the America: A Tribute to Heroes benefit concert. The concert, which aired on September 21, 2001, raised money for the victims and their families.

Riot Act (2002–2005)

Pearl Jam commenced work on a new album following a year-long break after its full-scale tour in support of Binaural. McCready described the recording environment as "a pretty positive one" and "very intense and spiritual."[84] Regarding the time period when the lyrics were being written, Vedder said, "There's been a lot of mortality...It's a weird time to be writing. Roskilde changed the shape of us as people, and our filter for seeing the world changed."[85] Pearl Jam released its seventh album, Riot Act, on November 12, 2002. It included the singles "I Am Mine" and "Save You". The album featured a much more folk-based and experimental sound, evident in the presence of B3 organist Boom Gaspar on songs such as "Love Boat Captain". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said "Riot Act is the album that Pearl Jam has been wanting to make since Vitalogy—a muscular art rock record, one that still hits hard but that is filled with ragged edges and odd detours."[86] The track entitled "Arc" was recorded as a vocal tribute to the nine people who died at the Roskilde Festival in June 2000. Vedder only performed this song nine times on the 2003 tour, and the band left the track off all released bootlegs.[87]

In 2003, the band embarked on its Riot Act Tour, which included tours in Australia and North America. The band continued its official bootleg program, making every concert from the tour available in CD form through its official website. A total of six bootlegs were made available in record stores: Perth, Tokyo, State College, Pennsylvania, two shows from Madison Square Garden, and Mansfield, Massachusetts. At many shows during the 2003 North American tour, Vedder performed Riot Act's "Bu$hleaguer", a commentary on President George W. Bush, with a rubber mask of Bush, wearing it at the beginning of the song and then hanging it on a mic stand to allow him to sing. The band made news when it was reported that several fans left after Vedder had "impaled" the Bush mask on his mic stand at the band's Denver, Colorado show.[88]

In June 2003, Pearl Jam announced it was officially leaving Epic Records following the end of its contract with the label. The band stated it had "no interest" in signing with another label.[89] The band's first release without a label was the single for "Man of the Hour", in partnership with Amazon.com.[90] Director Tim Burton approached Pearl Jam to request an original song for the soundtrack of his new film, Big Fish. After screening an early print of the film, Pearl Jam recorded the song for him. "Man of the Hour", which was later nominated for a Golden Globe Award, can be heard in the closing credits of Big Fish.

The band released Lost Dogs, a two-disc collection of rarities and B-sides, and Live at the Garden, a DVD featuring the band's July 8, 2003 concert at Madison Square Garden through Epic Records in November 2003. In 2004, Pearl Jam released the live album, Live at Benaroya Hall, through a one-album deal with BMG.[91] 2004 marked the first time that Pearl Jam licensed a song for usage in a television show; a snippet of the song "Yellow Ledbetter" was used in the final episode of the television series Friends.[92] Later that year, Epic released rearviewmirror (Greatest Hits 1991–2003), a Pearl Jam greatest hits collection spanning 1991 to 2003. This release marked the end of Pearl Jam's contractual agreement with Epic Records.[93]

Pearl Jam played a show at Easy Street Records in Seattle in April 2005; recordings from the show were compiled for the Live at Easy Street album and released exclusively to independent record stores in June 2006. The band embarked on a Canadian cross-country tour in September 2005, kicking off the tour with a fundraising concert in Missoula, Montana for Democratic politician Jon Tester, then playing the Gorge Amphitheater before crossing into Canada. After touring Canada, Pearl Jam proceeded to open a Rolling Stones concert in Pittsburgh, then played two shows at the Borgata casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey, before closing the tour with a concert in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The official bootlegs for the band's 2005 shows were distributed via Pearl Jam's official website in MP3 form. Pearl Jam also played a benefit concert to raise money for Hurricane Katrina relief on October 5, 2005, at the House of Blues in Chicago, Illinois. On November 22, 2005, Pearl Jam began its first Latin American tour.[94]

Move to J Records and Pearl Jam (2006–2008)

 
Frontman Eddie Vedder in Pistoia, Italy on September 20, 2006

The work for Pearl Jam's follow-up to Riot Act began after its appearance on the 2004 Vote for Change tour. The time period between the two albums was the longest gap between Pearl Jam's studio albums to date and the new album was its first release for a new label. Clive Davis announced in February 2006 that Pearl Jam had signed with his label, J Records, which like Epic, is part of Sony Music Entertainment (then known as Sony BMG), though J has since folded into RCA Records.[95] The band's eighth studio album, Pearl Jam, was released on May 2, 2006. A number of critics cited Pearl Jam as a return to the band's early sound,[96][97] and McCready compared the new material to Vs. in a 2005 interview.[98] Ament said, "The band playing in a room—that came across. There's a kind of immediacy to the record, and that's what we were going for."[99] Chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly said that "in a world full of boys sent to do a man's job of rocking, Pearl Jam can still pull off gravitas."[100] Current socio-political issues in the United States are addressed on the album. "World Wide Suicide", a song criticizing the Iraq War and U.S. foreign policy, was released as a single and topped the Billboard Modern Rock chart; it was Pearl Jam's first number one on that chart since "Who You Are" in 1996, and first number one on any chart in the United States since 1998 when "Given to Fly" reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Pearl Jam also included the singles "Life Wasted" and "Gone".

To support Pearl Jam, the band embarked on its 2006 world tour. It toured North America, Australia and notably Europe; Pearl Jam had not toured the continent for six years. The North American tour included three two-night stands opening for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.[101] The band served as the headliners for the Leeds and Reading festivals, despite having vowed to never play at a festival again after Roskilde. Vedder started both concerts with an emotional plea to the crowd to look after each other. He commented during the Leeds set that the band's decision to play a festival for the first time after Roskilde had nothing to do with "guts" but with trust in the audience.[102]

In 2007, Pearl Jam recorded a cover of The Who's "Love, Reign o'er Me" for the Mike Binder film, Reign Over Me; it was later made available as a music download on the iTunes Music Store.[103] The band embarked on a 13-date European tour, and headlined Lollapalooza in Grant Park, on August 5, 2007.[104] The band released a CD box set in June 2007, entitled Live at the Gorge 05/06, that documents its shows at The Gorge Amphitheatre,[105] and in September 2007 a concert DVD, entitled Immagine in Cornice, which documents the band's Italian shows from its 2006 tour was released.[106]

In June 2008, Pearl Jam performed as the headline act at the Bonnaroo Music Festival.[107] The Bonnaroo appearance took place amidst a twelve-date tour in the Eastern United States.[108] In July 2008, the band performed at the VH1 tribute to The Who alongside Foo Fighters, Incubus and The Flaming Lips.[109] In the days prior to Election Day 2008, Pearl Jam digitally released through its official website a free documentary film, entitled Vote for Change? 2004, which follows the band's time spent on the 2004 Vote for Change tour.[110]

Reissues and Backspacer (2009–2012)

In March 2009, Ten was reissued in four editions, featuring such extras as a remastering and remix of the entire album by Brendan O'Brien, a DVD of the band's 1992 appearance on MTV Unplugged, and an LP of its concert of September 20, 1992 at Magnuson Park in Seattle.[111] It was the first reissue in a planned re-release of Pearl Jam's entire catalog that led up to the band's 20th anniversary in 2011.[111] A Pearl Jam retrospective film directed by Cameron Crowe titled Pearl Jam Twenty[112] was also planned to coincide with the anniversary.[113] In 2011, Vs. and Vitalogy were reissued in the spring time in deluxe form.[112]

Pearl Jam began work for the follow-up to Pearl Jam in early 2008.[114] In 2009, the band began to build on instrumental and demo tracks written during 2008.[115] The band's ninth studio album, Backspacer, was its first to be produced by Brendan O'Brien since Yield.[114] Backspacer debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard music charts, the band's first album to do so since No Code in 1996,[116] and has sold 635,000 copies as of July 2013, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[117] The music on the record features a sound influenced by pop and new wave.[118] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said that "prior to Backspacer, Pearl Jam wouldn't or couldn't have made music this unfettered, unapologetically assured, casual, and, yes, fun."[119] Regarding the lyrics, Vedder said, "I've tried, over the years, to be hopeful in the lyrics, and I think that's going to be easier now."[120] "The Fixer" was chosen as the album's first single.[121] Pearl Jam did not re-sign its record deal with J Records, and the band released the album through its own label Monkeywrench Records in the United States and through Universal Music Group internationally. Pearl Jam reached a deal with Target to be the exclusive big-box store retailer for the album in the United States. The album also saw release through the band's official website, independent record stores, online retailers, and iTunes.[122][123] In an interview in September 2009 McCready revealed that Pearl Jam was scheduled to finish the Backspacer outtakes within six months,[124] and told San Diego radio station KBZT that the band may release an EP in 2010 consisting of those songs, while Vedder instead suggested that the songs may be used for the band's next studio album.[125]

In August 2009, Pearl Jam headlined the Virgin Festival,[126] the Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival,[127] and played five shows in Europe and three in North America.[128][129][130] In October 2009, Pearl Jam headlined the Austin City Limits Music Festival.[131] Later in October on Halloween night, the band played in what was the last performance at the Philadelphia Spectrum. An additional leg consisting of a tour of Oceania took place afterwards.[123] In May 2010, the band embarked on a month-long tour starting with the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. The tour headed to the East Coast and ended May 21, 2010 at Madison Square Garden in New York.[132] A European tour took place in June and July 2010, where the band performed in Northern Ireland for the first time at the Odyssey Arena in Belfast.[133] In late October 2010, Pearl Jam performed at the 24th Annual Bridge School Benefit Concert at the Shoreline Amphitheater in Mountain View, California.[134] A live album, titled Live on Ten Legs, was released on January 17, 2011.[135] It is a compilation of live tracks from their 2003 to 2010 world tours, and is a follow-up to Live on Two Legs, which consisted of songs recorded during their 1998 North American tour.[136]

In March 2011, bassist Jeff Ament told Billboard that the band had 25 songs and they'd be heading into the studio in April to begin recording the follow-up to Backspacer.[137] On May 16, 2011, the band confirmed that they would play the Labor Day weekend at the Alpine Valley Music Theatre, East Troy, Wisconsin, followed by ten shows in Canada.[138]

On September 8, 2011, the band released a new song titled "Olé".[139] On November 18, the band released Toronto 9.11.11—a free live album available through the launch of Google Music. On November 21, 2011, as part of their PJ20 World Tour, Pearl Jam visited Costa Rica for the first time to a 30,000 crowd of fans at the National Stadium.[140] The following month, the band announced a tour of Europe, which started in June 2012.[141]

Lightning Bolt (2013–2017)

 
Pearl Jam onstage at Madison Square Garden on May 2, 2016

On July 11, 2013, the band announced that their tenth studio album Lightning Bolt would be released internationally on October 14, 2013, and on the next day in the United States, along with releasing the first single "Mind Your Manners".[142] The band played a two-leg tour in North America during October and November,[143] followed by headlining the final Big Day Out festival in Australia and New Zealand in 2014.[144][145] The second single, "Sirens", was released on September 18, 2013.[146] After selling 166,000 copies in its first week, Lightning Bolt became Pearl Jam's fifth album to reach number one on the Billboard 200.[147] At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, the album won the award for Best Recording Package.[148] In November 2015 the band played a nine-date tour of Latin America.[149]

In January 2016, the band announced a tour of the United States and Canada, including appearances at the New Orleans Jazz Festival and Bonnaroo.[150] In April 2017, Pearl Jam was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. At the ceremony they were inducted by comedian David Letterman.[151] In August 2017, the band announced the release of the live album and concert film Let's Play Two, from the band's shows at Wrigley Field the previous year.[152]

Touring and Gigaton (2018–present)

 
Pearl Jam onstage at BST Hyde Park on July 9, 2022

The band launched a 2018 tour with shows in South America in March 2018, including shows at the Lollapalooza festival events in Brazil, Chile and Argentina, with the latter being cancelled due to heavy rain the night before.[153] followed by performances in Europe and North America.[154] The tour included two shows for homelessness-related charities in the band's hometown of Seattle.[155]

Prior to the first shows of the tour, Pearl Jam released a new song, "Can't Deny Me".[156][157] In December 2019, Pearl Jam confirmed that they would be touring Europe in the summer of 2020.[158][159] On January 13, 2020, the band announced that their eleventh studio album, Gigaton, would be released on March 27, 2020.[160] In conjunction with the release of their eleventh studio album, the band also announced tour dates in North America during March and April 2020.[161] However, the North American leg was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim to reschedule them for a later date.[162][163] In September 2020, the band confirmed that their MTV Unplugged live set would be released on vinyl and CD for the first time the following month.[164]

In May 2021, Pearl Jam announced the release of a digital collection of nearly 200 concerts dating from 2000 to 2013.[165] The collection of 5,404 individual songs, entitled Deep, is accessible by members of the Pearl Jam Ten Club.[166] On September 18, 2021, the band played their first show since 2018 at the Sea.Hear.Now Festival in Asbury Park, New Jersey, where former Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Josh Klinghoffer made his debut as a touring musician with the band.[167]In May 2022, Matt Cameron was forced to miss his first shows in 24 years since joining the band due to testing positive for the COVID-19 virus. Josh Klinghoffer and Richard Stuverud filled in on drums for Cameron.[168]

Musical style and influences

 
"Given to Fly"
A sample of "Given to Fly" from Yield (1998), a hard rock song which features Vedder's distinctive baritone vocals and McCready's prominent lead guitar throughout.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Compared with the other grunge bands of the early 1990s, Pearl Jam's style is noticeably less heavy and harkens back to the classic rock music of the 1970s.[169] Pearl Jam has cited many punk rock and classic rock bands as influences, including The Who, Led Zeppelin, Neil Young, Kiss and the Ramones.[170][171] Pearl Jam's success has been attributed to its sound, which fuses "the riff-heavy stadium rock of the '70s with the grit and anger of '80s post-punk, without ever neglecting hooks and choruses."[2] Gossard's rhythm guitar style is known for its sense of beat and groove,[172] while McCready's lead guitar style, influenced by artists such as Jimi Hendrix,[173] has been described as "feel-oriented" and "rootsy."[174]

Pearl Jam has broadened its musical range with subsequent releases. As he had more influence on the band's sound, Vedder sought to make the band's musical output less catchy. He said, "I felt that with more popularity, we were going to be crushed, our heads were going to pop like grapes."[3] By 1994's Vitalogy, the band began to incorporate more punk influences into its music.[175] The band's 1996 album, No Code, was a deliberate break from the musical style of Ten. The songs on the album featured elements of garage rock, worldbeat, and experimentalism.[2] After Yield in 1998, which was somewhat of a return to the straightforward rock approach of the band's early work,[66] they dabbled with experimental art rock on the Binaural album of 2000, and with folk rock elements on the 2002 Riot Act album. The band's 2006 album, Pearl Jam, was cited as a return to their early sound.[96][97] Their 2009 album, Backspacer, contains elements of pop and new wave.[118]

Critic Jim DeRogatis describes Vedder's vocals as a "Jim Morrison-like vocal growl."[176] Greg Prato of AllMusic said, "With his hard-hitting and often confessional lyrical style and Jim Morrison-esque baritone, Vedder also became one of the most copied lead singers in all of rock."[177] Vedder's lyrical topics range from personal ("Alive", "Better Man") to social and political concerns ("Even Flow", "World Wide Suicide"). His lyrics have often invoked the use of storytelling and have included themes of freedom, individualism, and sympathy for troubled individuals.[178] When the band started, Gossard and McCready were clearly designated as rhythm and lead guitarists, respectively. The dynamic began to change when Vedder started to play more rhythm guitar during the Vitalogy era. McCready said in 2006, "Even though there are three guitars, I think there's maybe more room now. Stone will pull back and play a two-note line and Ed will do a power chord thing, and I fit into all that."[179]

Legacy

While Nirvana had brought grunge to the mainstream in the early 1990s with Nevermind, Pearl Jam's debut Ten outsold it in the United States,[180] and the band became "the most popular American rock & roll band of the '90s" according to AllMusic.[2] Pearl Jam has been described as "modern rock radio's most influential stylists – the workmanlike midtempo chug of songs like "Alive" and "Even Flow" just melodic enough to get moshers singing along."[181] The band inspired and influenced a number of bands, including Silverchair, Puddle of Mudd and The Strokes.[182][183] The band has also been credited for inspiring the indie rock scene of 90s-era urban Pakistan, that has since evolved into a rich rock music culture in the country.[184]

Pearl Jam were ranked at number 8 by Rolling Stone magazine in its Top Ten Live Acts of all Time issue.[6] Pearl Jam has been praised for its rejection of rock star excess and its insistence on backing causes it believes in. Music critic Jim DeRogatis said in the aftermath of the band's battle with Ticketmaster that it "proved that a rock band which isn't comprised of greed heads can play stadiums and not milk the audience for every last dime... it indicated that idealism in rock 'n' roll is not the sole province of those '60s bands enshrined in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame."[185] Eric Weisbard of Spin said in 2001, "The group that was once accused of being synthetic grunge now seem as organic and principled a rock band as exists."[19][55] In a 2005 USA Today reader's poll, Pearl Jam was voted the greatest American rock band of all time.[186] In April 2006, Pearl Jam was awarded the prize for "Best Live Act" in Esquire's Esky Music Awards. The blurb called Pearl Jam "the rare superstars who still play as though each show could be their last."[187] Pearl Jam's fanbase following has been compared to that of the Grateful Dead's, with Rolling Stone magazine stating that Pearl Jam "toured incessantly and became one of rock's great arena acts, attracting a fanatical, Grateful Dead-like cult following with marathon, true-believer shows in the vanishing spirit of Bruce Springsteen, the Who and U2."[3]

When asked about Pearl Jam's legacy in a 2000 interview, Vedder said, "I think at some point along the way we began feeling we wanted to give people something to believe in because we all had bands that gave that to us when we needed something to believe in. That was the big challenge for us after the first record and the response to it. The goal immediately became how do we continue to be musicians and grow and survive in view of all this... The answers weren't always easy, but I think we found a way."[188] Their 1992 MTV Unplugged performance was ranked second in Rolling Stone's list of its 15 Best Episodes.[189]

Campaigning and activism

Throughout its career, Pearl Jam has promoted wider social and political issues, from pro-abortion rights sentiments to opposition to George W. Bush's presidency. Vedder acts as the band's spokesman on these issues. The band has promoted an array of causes, including awareness of Crohn's disease, which Mike McCready suffers from, Ticketmaster venue monopolization and the environment and wildlife protection, among others.[190][191] Guitarist Stone Gossard has been active in environmental pursuits, and has been an advocate of Pearl Jam's carbon neutral policy, offsetting the band's environmental impact.[192] Vedder has advocated for the release of the West Memphis 3 for years and Damien Echols, a member of the three, shares a writing credit for the song "Army Reserve" (from Pearl Jam).[193]

The band, and especially frontman Eddie Vedder, have been vocal supporters of the abortion rights movement. In 1992, Spin printed an article by Vedder, entitled "Reclamation", which detailed his views on abortion.[194] In an MTV Unplugged concert the same year, Vedder stood on a stool and wrote "PRO-CHOICE!" on his arm in protest when the band performed the song "Porch".[19][55] The band are members of a number of abortion rights organizations, including Choice USA and Voters for Choice.[191]

As members of Rock the Vote and Vote for Change, the band has encouraged voter registration and participation in United States elections. Vedder was outspoken in support of Green Party presidential candidate Ralph Nader in 2000,[195] and Pearl Jam played a series of concerts on the Vote for Change tour in October 2004, supporting the candidacy of John Kerry for U.S. president. In a Rolling Stone feature showcasing the Vote for Change tour's performers, Vedder told the magazine, "I supported Ralph Nader in 2000, but it's a time of crisis. We have to get a new administration in."[196]

In 2006, the members of Pearl Jam founded the non-profit organization Vitalogy Foundation. Named after their third studio album, the foundation supports non-profit organizations working in the fields of community health, the environment, arts, education and social change.[197]

Vedder sometimes comments on politics between songs, often to criticize U.S. foreign policy, and a number of his songs, including "Bu$hleaguer" and "World Wide Suicide", are openly critical of the Bush administration. At Lollapalooza 2007, Vedder spoke out against BP Amoco dumping effluent in Lake Michigan,[198] and at the end of "Daughter", he sang the lyrics "George Bush leave this world alone/George Bush find yourself another home". In the beginning of the second encore Vedder invited Iraq war veteran Tomas Young, the subject of the documentary Body of War, onto the stage to urge an end to the war. Young in turn introduced Ben Harper, who contributed vocals to "No More" and "Rockin' in the Free World".[199] The band later discovered that some of the Bush-related lyrics were excised from the AT&T webcast of the event, and questioned whether that constitutes censorship.[200] AT&T later apologized and blamed the censorship on contractor Davie Brown Entertainment.[201]

Pearl Jam has performed numerous benefit concerts in aid of charities and causes. For example, the band headlined a Seattle concert in 2001 to support the United Nations' efforts to combat world hunger.[202] The band added a date at the Chicago House of Blues to its 2005 tour to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina; the concert proceeds were donated to Habitat for Humanity, the American Red Cross and the Jazz Foundation of America.[203]

In 2011, Pearl Jam was named 2011 Planet Defenders by Rock The Earth for their environmental activism and their large-scale efforts to decrease their own carbon emissions.[204]

Band members

Timeline

Discography

Main article: Pearl Jam discography

See also

References

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Further reading

External links

  • Official website  
  • Pearl Jam at AllMusic

January 08, 2023
pearl, this, article, about, band, band, eponymous, album, album, american, alternative, rock, band, formed, seattle, washington, 1990, band, lineup, consists, founding, members, jeff, ament, bass, guitar, stone, gossard, rhythm, guitar, mike, mccready, lead, . This article is about the band For the band s eponymous album see Pearl Jam album Pearl Jam is an American alternative rock band formed in Seattle Washington in 1990 The band s lineup consists of founding members Jeff Ament bass guitar Stone Gossard rhythm guitar Mike McCready lead guitar and Eddie Vedder lead vocals guitar as well as Matt Cameron drums who joined in 1998 Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a touring session member with the band since 2002 Drummers Jack Irons Dave Krusen Matt Chamberlain and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band Pearl Jam outsold many of their contemporaries from the early 1990s and are considered one of the most influential bands of the decade 1 being dubbed as the most popular American rock and roll band of the 90s 2 Pearl JamPearl Jam performing in Amsterdam 2012 From left to right Mike McCready Jeff Ament Matt Cameron Eddie Vedder and Stone Gossard Background informationAlso known asMookie Blaylock 1990 OriginSeattle Washington U S GenresAlternative rockgrungehard rockYears active1990 presentLabelsMonkeywrenchUniversalJEpicThird ManSpinoffsHovercraftSpinoff ofGreen RiverMother Love BoneTemple of the DogMembersJeff Ament Stone Gossard Mike McCready Eddie Vedder Matt CameronPast membersJack Irons Dave Krusen Matt Chamberlain Dave AbbruzzeseWebsitepearljam wbr comFormed after the demise of Gossard and Ament s previous band Mother Love Bone Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with their debut album Ten in 1991 Ten stayed on the Billboard 200 chart for nearly five years and has gone on to become one of the highest selling rock records ever going 13 platinum in the United States Released in 1993 Pearl Jam s second album Vs sold over 950 000 copies in its first week of release setting the record for most copies of an album sold in its first week of release at the time Their third album Vitalogy 1994 became the second fastest selling CD in history at the time with more than 877 000 units sold in its first week One of the key bands in the grunge movement of the early 1990s Pearl Jam s members often shunned popular music industry practices such as making music videos or participating in interviews The band also sued Ticketmaster claiming it had monopolized the concert ticket market In 2006 Rolling Stone described the band as having spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame 3 Pearl Jam had sold more than 85 million albums worldwide by 2018 including nearly 32 million albums in the United States by 2012 4 making them one of the best selling bands of all time Pearl Jam was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017 in its first year of eligibility 5 They were ranked eighth in a readers poll by Rolling Stone magazine in its Top Ten Live Acts of All Time issue 6 Throughout its career the band has also promoted wider social and political issues from pro abortion rights sentiments to opposition to George W Bush s presidency Vedder acts as the band s spokesman on these issues Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation and early years 1984 1990 1 2 Ten and the grunge explosion 1991 1992 1 3 Vs Vitalogy and dealing with success 1993 1995 1 4 No Code and Yield 1996 1999 1 5 Binaural and the Roskilde tragedy 2000 2001 1 6 Riot Act 2002 2005 1 7 Move to J Records and Pearl Jam 2006 2008 1 8 Reissues and Backspacer 2009 2012 1 9 Lightning Bolt 2013 2017 1 10 Touring and Gigaton 2018 present 2 Musical style and influences 3 Legacy 4 Campaigning and activism 5 Band members 5 1 Timeline 6 Discography 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory EditFormation and early years 1984 1990 Edit Stone Gossard and Jeff Ament were members of grunge band Green River during the mid 1980s Green River toured and recorded to moderate success but disbanded in 1987 due to a stylistic division between the pair and bandmates Mark Arm and Steve Turner 7 In late 1987 Gossard and Ament began playing with Malfunkshun vocalist Andrew Wood eventually organizing the band Mother Love Bone In 1988 and 1989 the band recorded and toured to increasing interest and found the support of the PolyGram record label which signed the band in early 1989 Mother Love Bone s debut album Apple was released in July 1990 four months after Wood died of a heroin overdose 8 Ament and Gossard were devastated by the death of Wood and the resulting demise of Mother Love Bone Gossard spent his time afterwards writing material that was harder edged than what he had been doing previously 9 After a few months Gossard started practicing with fellow Seattle guitarist Mike McCready whose band Shadow had broken up McCready in turn encouraged Gossard to reconnect with Ament 3 After practicing for a while the trio sent out a five song demo tape in order to find a singer and a drummer They gave former Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Jack Irons the demo to see if he would be interested in joining the band and to distribute the demo to anyone he felt might fit the lead vocal position 9 Irons passed on the invitation but gave the demo to his basketball friend San Diego California singer Eddie Vedder 10 Vedder was the lead vocalist for a San Diego band Bad Radio and worked part time at a gas station He listened to the tape shortly before going surfing where lyrics came to him 9 He then recorded the vocals to three of the songs Alive Once and Footsteps in what he later described as a mini opera entitled Mamasan 11 Vedder sent the tape with his vocals back to the three Seattle musicians who were impressed enough to fly Vedder up to Seattle for an audition Within a week Vedder had joined the band 9 With the addition of Dave Krusen on drums the band took the name Mookie Blaylock in reference to the then active basketball player 12 The band played its first official show at the Off Ramp Cafe in Seattle on October 22 1990 13 They opened for Alice in Chains at the Moore Theatre in Seattle on December 22 1990 14 and served as the opening act for the band s Facelift tour in 1991 15 16 Mookie Blaylock soon signed to Epic Records and renamed themselves Pearl Jam 2 In an early promotional interview Vedder said that the name Pearl Jam was a reference to his great grandmother Pearl who was married to a Native American and had a special recipe for peyote laced jam 17 In a 2006 Rolling Stone cover story however Vedder admitted that this story was total bullshit even though he indeed had a great grandma named Pearl Ament and McCready explained that Ament came up with pearl and that the band later settled on Pearl Jam after attending a Neil Young concert in which he extended his songs as improvisations of 15 20 minutes in length 3 Ten and the grunge explosion 1991 1992 Edit Pearl Jam entered Seattle s London Bridge Studios in March 1991 to record its debut album Ten 18 McCready said that Ten was mostly Stone and Jeff me and Eddie were along for the ride at that time 19 Krusen left the band in May 1991 after checking himself into rehabilitation for alcoholism 20 he was replaced by Matt Chamberlain who had previously played with Edie Brickell amp New Bohemians After playing only a handful of shows one of which was filmed for the Alive video Chamberlain left to join the Saturday Night Live band 12 Chamberlain suggested Dave Abbruzzese as his replacement Abbruzzese joined the group and played the rest of Pearl Jam s live shows supporting Ten 12 Released on August 27 1991 Ten named after Mookie Blaylock s jersey number 17 contained eleven tracks dealing with dark subjects like depression suicide loneliness and murder Ten s musical style influenced by classic rock combined an expansive harmonic vocabulary with an anthemic sound 21 The album was slow to sell but by the second half of 1992 it became a breakthrough success being certified gold and reaching number two on the Billboard charts 18 Ten produced the hit singles Alive Even Flow and Jeremy Originally interpreted as an anthem by many 9 Vedder later revealed that Alive tells the semi autobiographical tale of a son discovering that his father is actually his stepfather while his mother s grief turns her to sexually embrace her son who strongly resembles the biological father In this lyric even though Vedder originally looked at being alive as a curse as the sadness the speaker in the song suggests But as fans quickly turned the title phrase into a self empowering anthem particularly at Pearl Jam concerts Vedder said they lifted the curse The audience changed the meaning for me he told VH1 Storytellers in 2006 22 The song Jeremy and its accompanying video were inspired by a true story in which a high school student shot himself in front of his classmates 23 Ten stayed on the Billboard charts for nearly five years and has gone on to become one of the highest selling rock records ever going 13 platinum 24 With the success of Ten Pearl Jam became a key member of the Seattle grunge explosion along with Alice in Chains Nirvana and Soundgarden The band was criticized in the music press British music magazine NME said that Pearl Jam was trying to steal money from young alternative kids pockets 25 Nirvana s Kurt Cobain angrily attacked Pearl Jam claiming the band were commercial sellouts 26 and argued Ten was not a true alternative album because it had so many prominent guitar leads 18 Cobain later reconciled with Vedder and they reportedly were on amicable terms before Cobain s death in 1994 3 Pearl Jam toured relentlessly in support of Ten Ament stated that essentially Ten was just an excuse to tour adding We told the record company We know we can be a great band so let s just get the opportunity to get out and play 27 The band s manager Kelly Curtis stated Once people came and saw them live this lightbulb would go on Doing their first tour you kind of knew it was happening and there was no stopping it 19 Early on in Pearl Jam s career the band became known for its intense live performances Looking back at this time Vedder said that playing music and then getting a shot at making a record and at having an audience and stuff it s just like an untamed force But it didn t come from jock mentality It came from just being let out of the gates 28 In 1992 Pearl Jam made television appearances on Saturday Night Live and MTV Unplugged and took a slot on that summer s Lollapalooza tour with Ministry Red Hot Chili Peppers and Soundgarden among others 29 30 31 The band contributed two songs to the soundtrack of the 1992 Cameron Crowe film Singles State of Love and Trust and Breath Ament Gossard and Vedder appeared in Singles under the name Citizen Dick their parts were filmed when Pearl Jam was known as Mookie Blaylock 32 Vs Vitalogy and dealing with success 1993 1995 Edit Pearl Jam with President Bill Clinton in the White House in 1994 The band members grew uncomfortable with their success with much of the burden of Pearl Jam s popularity falling on frontman Vedder 9 While Pearl Jam received four awards at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards for its video for Jeremy including Video of the Year and Best Group Video the band refused to make a video for Black in spite of pressure from the label This action began a trend of the band refusing to make videos for its songs Vedder felt that the concept of music videos robbed listeners from creating their own interpretations of the song stating that Before music videos first came out you d listen to a song with headphones on sitting in a beanbag chair with your eyes closed and you d come up with your own visions these things that came from within Then all of a sudden sometimes even the first time you heard a song it was with these visual images attached and it robbed you of any form of self expression 33 Ten years from now Ament said I don t want people to remember our songs as videos 9 Pearl Jam headed into the studio in early 1993 facing the challenge of following up the commercial success of its debut McCready said The band was blown up pretty big and everything was pretty crazy 34 Released on October 19 1993 Pearl Jam s second album Vs sold 950 378 copies in its first week of release and outperformed all other entries in the Billboard top ten that week combined 35 The album set the record for most copies of an album sold in its first week of release which it held until broken by Garth Brooks 1998 album Double Live 36 Vs included the singles Go Daughter Animal and Dissident Paul Evans of Rolling Stone said Few American bands have arrived more clearly talented than this one did with Ten and Vs tops even that debut He added Like Jim Morrison and Pete Townshend Vedder makes a forte of his psychological mythic explorations As guitarists Stone Gossard and Mike McCready paint dense and slashing backdrops he invites us into a drama of experiment and strife 37 The band decided beginning with the release of Vs to scale back its commercial efforts 38 The members declined to produce any more music videos after the massive success of Jeremy and opted for fewer interviews and television appearances Industry insiders compared Pearl Jam s tour that year to the touring habits of Led Zeppelin in that the band ignored the press and took its music directly to the fans 39 During the Vs Tour the band set a cap on ticket prices in an attempt to thwart scalpers 40 By 1994 Pearl Jam was fighting on all fronts as its manager described the band at the time 41 Reporter Chuck Philips broke a series of stories showing that Ticketmaster was gouging Pearl Jam s customers 42 Pearl Jam was outraged when after it played a pair of charity benefit shows in Chicago Illinois it discovered that ticket vendor Ticketmaster had added a service charge to the tickets Pearl Jam was committed to keeping their concert ticket prices down but Fred Rosen of Ticketmaster refused to waive the service charge Since Ticketmaster controlled most major venues the band was forced to create from scratch its own outdoor stadiums in rural areas in order to perform Pearl Jam s efforts to organize a tour without the ticket giant collapsed which Pearl Jam said was evidence of Ticketmaster s monopoly An analysis of journalist Chuck Philips investigative series 43 44 45 46 47 48 in a well known legal monograph 49 concluded that it was hard to imagine a legitimate reason for Ticketmaster s exclusive contracts with venues and contracts to cover such a lengthy period of time The authors said The pervasiveness of Ticketmaster s exclusive agreements coupled with their excessive duration and the manner in which they are procured supported a finding that Ticketmaster had engaged in anticompetitive conduct under section 2 of the Sherman Act The United States Department of Justice was investigating the company s practices at the time and asked the band to create a memorandum of its experiences with the company Band members Gossard and Ament testified at a subcommittee investigation on June 30 1994 in Washington D C 50 Pearl Jam alleged that Ticketmaster used anti competitive and monopolistic practices to gouge fans After Pearl Jam s testimony before Congress Congressman Dingell D Mich wrote a bill requiring full disclosure to prevent Ticketmaster from burying escalating service fees Pearl Jam s manager said he was gratified that Congress recognized the problem as a national issue 51 The band eventually canceled its 1994 summer tour in protest 52 After the Justice Department dropped the case Pearl Jam continued to boycott Ticketmaster refusing to play venues that had contracts with the company 53 The band tried to work around Ticketmaster s exclusive contracts by hosting charities and benefits at major venues because the exclusive contracts often contained a clause allowing charity event promoters to sell their own tickets 54 Music critic Jim DeRogatis noted that along with the Ticketmaster debacle the band has refused to release singles or make videos it has demanded that its albums be released on vinyl and it wants to be more like its 60s heroes The Who releasing two or three albums a year He also stated that sources said that most of the band s third album Vitalogy was completed by early 1994 but that either a forced delay by Epic or the battle with Ticketmaster was to blame for the delay 41 Pearl Jam wrote and recorded while touring behind Vs and the majority of the tracks for Vitalogy were recorded during breaks on the tour Tensions within the band had dramatically increased by this time Producer Brendan O Brien said Vitalogy was a little strained I m being polite there was some imploding going on 19 55 After Pearl Jam finished the recording of Vitalogy drummer Dave Abbruzzese was fired The band cited political differences between Abbruzzese and the other members for example Abbruzzese disagreed with the Ticketmaster boycott 19 55 He was replaced by Jack Irons who had connected Vedder to the rest of the band some four years prior Irons made his debut with the band at Neil Young s 1994 Bridge School Benefit but he was not officially announced as the band s new drummer until its 1995 Self Pollution satellite radio broadcast a four and a half hour long pirate broadcast out of Seattle which was available to any radio stations that wanted to carry it 56 Vitalogy was released first on November 22 1994 on vinyl and then two weeks later on December 6 1994 on CD and cassette The CD became the second fastest selling in history with more than 877 000 units sold in its first week 13 Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said that thanks to its stripped down lean production Vitalogy stands as Pearl Jam s most original and uncompromising album 57 Many of the songs on the album appear to be inspired by the pressures of fame 58 The song Spin the Black Circle an homage to vinyl records won a Grammy Award in 1996 for Best Hard Rock Performance Vitalogy also included the songs Not for You Corduroy Better Man and Immortality Better Man sample a song originally written and performed by Vedder while in Bad Radio reached number one on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart spending a total of eight weeks there Considered a blatantly great pop song by producer Brendan O Brien Pearl Jam was reluctant to record it and had initially rejected it from Vs due to its accessibility 19 55 The band continued its boycott against Ticketmaster during its 1995 tour for Vitalogy but was surprised that virtually no other bands joined in 59 Pearl Jam s initiative to play only at non Ticketmaster venues effectively with a few exceptions prevented it from playing shows in the United States for the next three years 60 Ament later said We were so hardheaded about the 1995 tour Had to prove we could tour on our own and it pretty much killed us killed our career 19 55 In the same year Pearl Jam backed Neil Young whom the band had noted as an influence on his album Mirror Ball Contractual obligations prevented the use of the band s name anywhere on the album but the members were all credited individually in the album s liner notes 2 Two songs from the sessions were left off Mirror Ball I Got Id and Long Road These two tracks were released separately by Pearl Jam in the form of the 1995 EP Merkin Ball No Code and Yield 1996 1999 Edit Following the round of touring for Vitalogy the band went into the studio to record its follow up No Code Vedder said Making No Code was all about gaining perspective 61 Released in 1996 No Code was seen as a deliberate break from the band s sound since Ten 62 favoring experimental ballads and noisy garage rockers David Browne of Entertainment Weekly stated that No Code displays a wider range of moods and instrumentation than on any previous Pearl Jam album 63 The lyrical themes on the album deal with issues of self examination 64 with Ament stating In some ways it s like the band s story It s about growing up 64 Although the album debuted at number one on the Billboard charts it quickly fell down the charts No Code included the singles Who You Are sample help info Hail Hail and Off He Goes As with Vitalogy very little touring was done to promote No Code because of the band s refusal to play in Ticketmaster s venue areas A European tour took place in the fall of 1996 Gossard stated that there was a lot of stress associated with trying to tour at that time and that it was growing more and more difficult to be excited about being part of the band 19 55 Lead guitarist Mike McCready in Columbia Maryland on September 18 1998 Following the short tour for No Code the band went into the studio in 1997 to record its follow up The sessions for the band s fifth album represented more of a team effort among all members of the group with Ament stating that everybody really got a little bit of their say on the record because of that everybody feels like they re an integral part of the band 65 On February 3 1998 Pearl Jam released its fifth album Yield The album was cited as a return to the band s early straightforward rock sound 66 Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly stated that the band has turned in an intermittently affecting album that veers between fiery garage rock and rootsy acoustic based ruminations Perhaps mindful of their position as the last alt rock ambassadors with any degree of clout they ve come up with their most cohesive album since their 1991 debut Ten 67 Lyrically Yield continued with the more contemplative type of writing found on No Code 68 with Vedder saying What was rage in the past has become reflection 69 Yield debuted at number two on the Billboard charts but like No Code soon began dropping down the charts 70 It included the singles Given to Fly and Wishlist The band hired comic book artist Todd McFarlane to create an animated video for the song Do the Evolution from the album its first music video since 1992 71 A documentary detailing the making of Yield Single Video Theory was released on VHS and DVD later that year In April 1998 Pearl Jam once again changed drummers Jack Irons left the band due to dissatisfaction with touring and was replaced with former Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron on an initially temporary basis 72 but he soon became a permanent replacement for Irons Pearl Jam s 1998 Yield Tour in North America marked the band s return to full scale touring The band s anti trust lawsuit against Ticketmaster had proven to be unsuccessful and hindered live tours Many fans had complained about the difficulty in obtaining tickets and the use of non Ticketmaster venues which were judged to be out of the way and impersonal For this tour and future tours Pearl Jam once again began using Ticketmaster in order to better accommodate concertgoers 73 The 1998 summer tour was a big success 74 and after it was completed the band released Live on Two Legs a live album which featured select performances from the tour In 1998 Pearl Jam recorded Last Kiss a cover of a 1960s ballad made famous by J Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers It was recorded during a soundcheck and released on the band s 1998 fan club Christmas single The following year the cover was put into heavy rotation across the country By popular demand the cover was released to the public as a single in 1999 with all of the proceeds going to the aid of refugees of the Kosovo War 13 The band also decided to include the song on the 1999 charity compilation album No Boundaries A Benefit for the Kosovar Refugees Last Kiss peaked at number two on the Billboard charts and became the band s highest charting single Binaural and the Roskilde tragedy 2000 2001 Edit Following its full scale tour in support of Yield the band took a short break but then reconvened toward the end of 1999 and commenced work on a new album On May 16 2000 Pearl Jam released its sixth studio album Binaural It was drummer Matt Cameron s studio recording debut with the band The title is a reference to the binaural recording techniques that were utilized on several tracks by producer Tchad Blake known for his use of the technique 75 Binaural was the first album since the band s debut not produced by Brendan O Brien although O Brien was called in later to remix several tracks Gossard stated that the band members were ready for a change 34 Jon Pareles of Rolling Stone said Apparently as tired of grunge as everyone except Creed fans Pearl Jam delve elsewhere He added The album reflects both Pearl Jam s longstanding curse of self importance and a renewed willingness to be experimental or just plain odd 76 The album is lyrically darker than the band s previous album Yield with Gossard describing the lyrics as pretty sombre 68 Binaural included the singles Nothing as It Seems one of the songs featuring binaural recording and Light Years The album sold just over 700 000 copies and became the first Pearl Jam studio album to fail to reach platinum status 77 Pearl Jam in Columbia Maryland on September 4 2000 Pearl Jam decided to record every show on its 2000 Binaural Tour professionally after noting the desire of fans to own a copy of the shows they attended and the popularity of bootleg recordings The band had been open in the past about allowing fans to make amateur recordings 78 and these official bootlegs were an attempt to provide a more affordable and better quality product for fans 79 Pearl Jam originally intended to release them to only fan club members but the band s record contract prevented it from doing so Pearl Jam released all of the albums in record stores as well as through its fan club The band released 72 live albums in 2000 and 2001 and twice set a record for most albums to debut in the Billboard 200 at the same time 80 81 Pearl Jam s 2000 European tour ended in tragedy on June 30 with an accident at the Roskilde Festival in Denmark Nine fans were crushed underfoot and suffocated to death as the crowd rushed to the front After numerous requests for the crowd to step back the band stopped playing and tried to calm the crowd when the musicians realized what was happening but it was already too late The two remaining dates of the tour were canceled and members of the band contemplated retiring after this event 82 A month after the European tour concluded the band embarked on its two leg 2000 North American tour On performing after the Roskilde tragedy Vedder said that playing facing crowds being together it enabled us to start processing it 19 55 On October 22 2000 the band played the MGM Grand in Las Vegas celebrating the tenth anniversary of its first live performance as a band Vedder took the opportunity to thank the many people who had helped the band come together and make it to ten years He noted that I would never do this accepting a Grammy or something 83 After concluding the Binaural Tour the band released Touring Band 2000 the following year The DVD featured select performances from the North American legs of the tour Following the events of the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks Vedder and McCready were joined by Neil Young to perform the song Long Road from the Merkin Ball EP at the America A Tribute to Heroes benefit concert The concert which aired on September 21 2001 raised money for the victims and their families Riot Act 2002 2005 Edit Pearl Jam commenced work on a new album following a year long break after its full scale tour in support of Binaural McCready described the recording environment as a pretty positive one and very intense and spiritual 84 Regarding the time period when the lyrics were being written Vedder said There s been a lot of mortality It s a weird time to be writing Roskilde changed the shape of us as people and our filter for seeing the world changed 85 Pearl Jam released its seventh album Riot Act on November 12 2002 It included the singles I Am Mine and Save You The album featured a much more folk based and experimental sound evident in the presence of B3 organist Boom Gaspar on songs such as Love Boat Captain Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said Riot Act is the album that Pearl Jam has been wanting to make since Vitalogy a muscular art rock record one that still hits hard but that is filled with ragged edges and odd detours 86 The track entitled Arc was recorded as a vocal tribute to the nine people who died at the Roskilde Festival in June 2000 Vedder only performed this song nine times on the 2003 tour and the band left the track off all released bootlegs 87 In 2003 the band embarked on its Riot Act Tour which included tours in Australia and North America The band continued its official bootleg program making every concert from the tour available in CD form through its official website A total of six bootlegs were made available in record stores Perth Tokyo State College Pennsylvania two shows from Madison Square Garden and Mansfield Massachusetts At many shows during the 2003 North American tour Vedder performed Riot Act s Bu hleaguer a commentary on President George W Bush with a rubber mask of Bush wearing it at the beginning of the song and then hanging it on a mic stand to allow him to sing The band made news when it was reported that several fans left after Vedder had impaled the Bush mask on his mic stand at the band s Denver Colorado show 88 In June 2003 Pearl Jam announced it was officially leaving Epic Records following the end of its contract with the label The band stated it had no interest in signing with another label 89 The band s first release without a label was the single for Man of the Hour in partnership with Amazon com 90 Director Tim Burton approached Pearl Jam to request an original song for the soundtrack of his new film Big Fish After screening an early print of the film Pearl Jam recorded the song for him Man of the Hour which was later nominated for a Golden Globe Award can be heard in the closing credits of Big Fish The band released Lost Dogs a two disc collection of rarities and B sides and Live at the Garden a DVD featuring the band s July 8 2003 concert at Madison Square Garden through Epic Records in November 2003 In 2004 Pearl Jam released the live album Live at Benaroya Hall through a one album deal with BMG 91 2004 marked the first time that Pearl Jam licensed a song for usage in a television show a snippet of the song Yellow Ledbetter was used in the final episode of the television series Friends 92 Later that year Epic released rearviewmirror Greatest Hits 1991 2003 a Pearl Jam greatest hits collection spanning 1991 to 2003 This release marked the end of Pearl Jam s contractual agreement with Epic Records 93 Pearl Jam played a show at Easy Street Records in Seattle in April 2005 recordings from the show were compiled for the Live at Easy Street album and released exclusively to independent record stores in June 2006 The band embarked on a Canadian cross country tour in September 2005 kicking off the tour with a fundraising concert in Missoula Montana for Democratic politician Jon Tester then playing the Gorge Amphitheater before crossing into Canada After touring Canada Pearl Jam proceeded to open a Rolling Stones concert in Pittsburgh then played two shows at the Borgata casino in Atlantic City New Jersey before closing the tour with a concert in Philadelphia Pennsylvania The official bootlegs for the band s 2005 shows were distributed via Pearl Jam s official website in MP3 form Pearl Jam also played a benefit concert to raise money for Hurricane Katrina relief on October 5 2005 at the House of Blues in Chicago Illinois On November 22 2005 Pearl Jam began its first Latin American tour 94 Move to J Records and Pearl Jam 2006 2008 Edit Frontman Eddie Vedder in Pistoia Italy on September 20 2006 The work for Pearl Jam s follow up to Riot Act began after its appearance on the 2004 Vote for Change tour The time period between the two albums was the longest gap between Pearl Jam s studio albums to date and the new album was its first release for a new label Clive Davis announced in February 2006 that Pearl Jam had signed with his label J Records which like Epic is part of Sony Music Entertainment then known as Sony BMG though J has since folded into RCA Records 95 The band s eighth studio album Pearl Jam was released on May 2 2006 A number of critics cited Pearl Jam as a return to the band s early sound 96 97 and McCready compared the new material to Vs in a 2005 interview 98 Ament said The band playing in a room that came across There s a kind of immediacy to the record and that s what we were going for 99 Chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly said that in a world full of boys sent to do a man s job of rocking Pearl Jam can still pull off gravitas 100 Current socio political issues in the United States are addressed on the album World Wide Suicide a song criticizing the Iraq War and U S foreign policy was released as a single and topped the Billboard Modern Rock chart it was Pearl Jam s first number one on that chart since Who You Are in 1996 and first number one on any chart in the United States since 1998 when Given to Fly reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart Pearl Jam also included the singles Life Wasted and Gone To support Pearl Jam the band embarked on its 2006 world tour It toured North America Australia and notably Europe Pearl Jam had not toured the continent for six years The North American tour included three two night stands opening for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers 101 The band served as the headliners for the Leeds and Reading festivals despite having vowed to never play at a festival again after Roskilde Vedder started both concerts with an emotional plea to the crowd to look after each other He commented during the Leeds set that the band s decision to play a festival for the first time after Roskilde had nothing to do with guts but with trust in the audience 102 In 2007 Pearl Jam recorded a cover of The Who s Love Reign o er Me for the Mike Binder film Reign Over Me it was later made available as a music download on the iTunes Music Store 103 The band embarked on a 13 date European tour and headlined Lollapalooza in Grant Park on August 5 2007 104 The band released a CD box set in June 2007 entitled Live at the Gorge 05 06 that documents its shows at The Gorge Amphitheatre 105 and in September 2007 a concert DVD entitled Immagine in Cornice which documents the band s Italian shows from its 2006 tour was released 106 In June 2008 Pearl Jam performed as the headline act at the Bonnaroo Music Festival 107 The Bonnaroo appearance took place amidst a twelve date tour in the Eastern United States 108 In July 2008 the band performed at the VH1 tribute to The Who alongside Foo Fighters Incubus and The Flaming Lips 109 In the days prior to Election Day 2008 Pearl Jam digitally released through its official website a free documentary film entitled Vote for Change 2004 which follows the band s time spent on the 2004 Vote for Change tour 110 Reissues and Backspacer 2009 2012 Edit In March 2009 Ten was reissued in four editions featuring such extras as a remastering and remix of the entire album by Brendan O Brien a DVD of the band s 1992 appearance on MTV Unplugged and an LP of its concert of September 20 1992 at Magnuson Park in Seattle 111 It was the first reissue in a planned re release of Pearl Jam s entire catalog that led up to the band s 20th anniversary in 2011 111 A Pearl Jam retrospective film directed by Cameron Crowe titled Pearl Jam Twenty 112 was also planned to coincide with the anniversary 113 In 2011 Vs and Vitalogy were reissued in the spring time in deluxe form 112 Pearl Jam began work for the follow up to Pearl Jam in early 2008 114 In 2009 the band began to build on instrumental and demo tracks written during 2008 115 The band s ninth studio album Backspacer was its first to be produced by Brendan O Brien since Yield 114 Backspacer debuted at No 1 on the Billboard music charts the band s first album to do so since No Code in 1996 116 and has sold 635 000 copies as of July 2013 according to Nielsen SoundScan 117 The music on the record features a sound influenced by pop and new wave 118 Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said that prior to Backspacer Pearl Jam wouldn t or couldn t have made music this unfettered unapologetically assured casual and yes fun 119 Regarding the lyrics Vedder said I ve tried over the years to be hopeful in the lyrics and I think that s going to be easier now 120 The Fixer was chosen as the album s first single 121 Pearl Jam did not re sign its record deal with J Records and the band released the album through its own label Monkeywrench Records in the United States and through Universal Music Group internationally Pearl Jam reached a deal with Target to be the exclusive big box store retailer for the album in the United States The album also saw release through the band s official website independent record stores online retailers and iTunes 122 123 In an interview in September 2009 McCready revealed that Pearl Jam was scheduled to finish the Backspacer outtakes within six months 124 and told San Diego radio station KBZT that the band may release an EP in 2010 consisting of those songs while Vedder instead suggested that the songs may be used for the band s next studio album 125 In August 2009 Pearl Jam headlined the Virgin Festival 126 the Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival 127 and played five shows in Europe and three in North America 128 129 130 In October 2009 Pearl Jam headlined the Austin City Limits Music Festival 131 Later in October on Halloween night the band played in what was the last performance at the Philadelphia Spectrum An additional leg consisting of a tour of Oceania took place afterwards 123 In May 2010 the band embarked on a month long tour starting with the New Orleans Jazz amp Heritage Festival The tour headed to the East Coast and ended May 21 2010 at Madison Square Garden in New York 132 A European tour took place in June and July 2010 where the band performed in Northern Ireland for the first time at the Odyssey Arena in Belfast 133 In late October 2010 Pearl Jam performed at the 24th Annual Bridge School Benefit Concert at the Shoreline Amphitheater in Mountain View California 134 A live album titled Live on Ten Legs was released on January 17 2011 135 It is a compilation of live tracks from their 2003 to 2010 world tours and is a follow up to Live on Two Legs which consisted of songs recorded during their 1998 North American tour 136 In March 2011 bassist Jeff Ament told Billboard that the band had 25 songs and they d be heading into the studio in April to begin recording the follow up to Backspacer 137 On May 16 2011 the band confirmed that they would play the Labor Day weekend at the Alpine Valley Music Theatre East Troy Wisconsin followed by ten shows in Canada 138 On September 8 2011 the band released a new song titled Ole 139 On November 18 the band released Toronto 9 11 11 a free live album available through the launch of Google Music On November 21 2011 as part of their PJ20 World Tour Pearl Jam visited Costa Rica for the first time to a 30 000 crowd of fans at the National Stadium 140 The following month the band announced a tour of Europe which started in June 2012 141 Lightning Bolt 2013 2017 Edit Pearl Jam onstage at Madison Square Garden on May 2 2016 On July 11 2013 the band announced that their tenth studio album Lightning Bolt would be released internationally on October 14 2013 and on the next day in the United States along with releasing the first single Mind Your Manners 142 The band played a two leg tour in North America during October and November 143 followed by headlining the final Big Day Out festival in Australia and New Zealand in 2014 144 145 The second single Sirens was released on September 18 2013 146 After selling 166 000 copies in its first week Lightning Bolt became Pearl Jam s fifth album to reach number one on the Billboard 200 147 At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015 the album won the award for Best Recording Package 148 In November 2015 the band played a nine date tour of Latin America 149 In January 2016 the band announced a tour of the United States and Canada including appearances at the New Orleans Jazz Festival and Bonnaroo 150 In April 2017 Pearl Jam was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame At the ceremony they were inducted by comedian David Letterman 151 In August 2017 the band announced the release of the live album and concert film Let s Play Two from the band s shows at Wrigley Field the previous year 152 Touring and Gigaton 2018 present Edit Pearl Jam onstage at BST Hyde Park on July 9 2022 The band launched a 2018 tour with shows in South America in March 2018 including shows at the Lollapalooza festival events in Brazil Chile and Argentina with the latter being cancelled due to heavy rain the night before 153 followed by performances in Europe and North America 154 The tour included two shows for homelessness related charities in the band s hometown of Seattle 155 Prior to the first shows of the tour Pearl Jam released a new song Can t Deny Me 156 157 In December 2019 Pearl Jam confirmed that they would be touring Europe in the summer of 2020 158 159 On January 13 2020 the band announced that their eleventh studio album Gigaton would be released on March 27 2020 160 In conjunction with the release of their eleventh studio album the band also announced tour dates in North America during March and April 2020 161 However the North American leg was postponed due to the COVID 19 pandemic with the aim to reschedule them for a later date 162 163 In September 2020 the band confirmed that their MTV Unplugged live set would be released on vinyl and CD for the first time the following month 164 In May 2021 Pearl Jam announced the release of a digital collection of nearly 200 concerts dating from 2000 to 2013 165 The collection of 5 404 individual songs entitled Deep is accessible by members of the Pearl Jam Ten Club 166 On September 18 2021 the band played their first show since 2018 at the Sea Hear Now Festival in Asbury Park New Jersey where former Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Josh Klinghoffer made his debut as a touring musician with the band 167 In May 2022 Matt Cameron was forced to miss his first shows in 24 years since joining the band due to testing positive for the COVID 19 virus Josh Klinghoffer and Richard Stuverud filled in on drums for Cameron 168 Musical style and influences Edit Given to Fly source source A sample of Given to Fly from Yield 1998 a hard rock song which features Vedder s distinctive baritone vocals and McCready s prominent lead guitar throughout Problems playing this file See media help Compared with the other grunge bands of the early 1990s Pearl Jam s style is noticeably less heavy and harkens back to the classic rock music of the 1970s 169 Pearl Jam has cited many punk rock and classic rock bands as influences including The Who Led Zeppelin Neil Young Kiss and the Ramones 170 171 Pearl Jam s success has been attributed to its sound which fuses the riff heavy stadium rock of the 70s with the grit and anger of 80s post punk without ever neglecting hooks and choruses 2 Gossard s rhythm guitar style is known for its sense of beat and groove 172 while McCready s lead guitar style influenced by artists such as Jimi Hendrix 173 has been described as feel oriented and rootsy 174 Pearl Jam has broadened its musical range with subsequent releases As he had more influence on the band s sound Vedder sought to make the band s musical output less catchy He said I felt that with more popularity we were going to be crushed our heads were going to pop like grapes 3 By 1994 s Vitalogy the band began to incorporate more punk influences into its music 175 The band s 1996 album No Code was a deliberate break from the musical style of Ten The songs on the album featured elements of garage rock worldbeat and experimentalism 2 After Yield in 1998 which was somewhat of a return to the straightforward rock approach of the band s early work 66 they dabbled with experimental art rock on the Binaural album of 2000 and with folk rock elements on the 2002 Riot Act album The band s 2006 album Pearl Jam was cited as a return to their early sound 96 97 Their 2009 album Backspacer contains elements of pop and new wave 118 Critic Jim DeRogatis describes Vedder s vocals as a Jim Morrison like vocal growl 176 Greg Prato of AllMusic said With his hard hitting and often confessional lyrical style and Jim Morrison esque baritone Vedder also became one of the most copied lead singers in all of rock 177 Vedder s lyrical topics range from personal Alive Better Man to social and political concerns Even Flow World Wide Suicide His lyrics have often invoked the use of storytelling and have included themes of freedom individualism and sympathy for troubled individuals 178 When the band started Gossard and McCready were clearly designated as rhythm and lead guitarists respectively The dynamic began to change when Vedder started to play more rhythm guitar during the Vitalogy era McCready said in 2006 Even though there are three guitars I think there s maybe more room now Stone will pull back and play a two note line and Ed will do a power chord thing and I fit into all that 179 Legacy EditWhile Nirvana had brought grunge to the mainstream in the early 1990s with Nevermind Pearl Jam s debut Ten outsold it in the United States 180 and the band became the most popular American rock amp roll band of the 90s according to AllMusic 2 Pearl Jam has been described as modern rock radio s most influential stylists the workmanlike midtempo chug of songs like Alive and Even Flow just melodic enough to get moshers singing along 181 The band inspired and influenced a number of bands including Silverchair Puddle of Mudd and The Strokes 182 183 The band has also been credited for inspiring the indie rock scene of 90s era urban Pakistan that has since evolved into a rich rock music culture in the country 184 Pearl Jam were ranked at number 8 by Rolling Stone magazine in its Top Ten Live Acts of all Time issue 6 Pearl Jam has been praised for its rejection of rock star excess and its insistence on backing causes it believes in Music critic Jim DeRogatis said in the aftermath of the band s battle with Ticketmaster that it proved that a rock band which isn t comprised of greed heads can play stadiums and not milk the audience for every last dime it indicated that idealism in rock n roll is not the sole province of those 60s bands enshrined in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 185 Eric Weisbard of Spin said in 2001 The group that was once accused of being synthetic grunge now seem as organic and principled a rock band as exists 19 55 In a 2005 USA Today reader s poll Pearl Jam was voted the greatest American rock band of all time 186 In April 2006 Pearl Jam was awarded the prize for Best Live Act in Esquire s Esky Music Awards The blurb called Pearl Jam the rare superstars who still play as though each show could be their last 187 Pearl Jam s fanbase following has been compared to that of the Grateful Dead s with Rolling Stone magazine stating that Pearl Jam toured incessantly and became one of rock s great arena acts attracting a fanatical Grateful Dead like cult following with marathon true believer shows in the vanishing spirit of Bruce Springsteen the Who and U2 3 When asked about Pearl Jam s legacy in a 2000 interview Vedder said I think at some point along the way we began feeling we wanted to give people something to believe in because we all had bands that gave that to us when we needed something to believe in That was the big challenge for us after the first record and the response to it The goal immediately became how do we continue to be musicians and grow and survive in view of all this The answers weren t always easy but I think we found a way 188 Their 1992 MTV Unplugged performance was ranked second in Rolling Stone s list of its 15 Best Episodes 189 Campaigning and activism EditThroughout its career Pearl Jam has promoted wider social and political issues from pro abortion rights sentiments to opposition to George W Bush s presidency Vedder acts as the band s spokesman on these issues The band has promoted an array of causes including awareness of Crohn s disease which Mike McCready suffers from Ticketmaster venue monopolization and the environment and wildlife protection among others 190 191 Guitarist Stone Gossard has been active in environmental pursuits and has been an advocate of Pearl Jam s carbon neutral policy offsetting the band s environmental impact 192 Vedder has advocated for the release of the West Memphis 3 for years and Damien Echols a member of the three shares a writing credit for the song Army Reserve from Pearl Jam 193 The band and especially frontman Eddie Vedder have been vocal supporters of the abortion rights movement In 1992 Spin printed an article by Vedder entitled Reclamation which detailed his views on abortion 194 In an MTV Unplugged concert the same year Vedder stood on a stool and wrote PRO CHOICE on his arm in protest when the band performed the song Porch 19 55 The band are members of a number of abortion rights organizations including Choice USA and Voters for Choice 191 As members of Rock the Vote and Vote for Change the band has encouraged voter registration and participation in United States elections Vedder was outspoken in support of Green Party presidential candidate Ralph Nader in 2000 195 and Pearl Jam played a series of concerts on the Vote for Change tour in October 2004 supporting the candidacy of John Kerry for U S president In a Rolling Stone feature showcasing the Vote for Change tour s performers Vedder told the magazine I supported Ralph Nader in 2000 but it s a time of crisis We have to get a new administration in 196 In 2006 the members of Pearl Jam founded the non profit organization Vitalogy Foundation Named after their third studio album the foundation supports non profit organizations working in the fields of community health the environment arts education and social change 197 Vedder sometimes comments on politics between songs often to criticize U S foreign policy and a number of his songs including Bu hleaguer and World Wide Suicide are openly critical of the Bush administration At Lollapalooza 2007 Vedder spoke out against BP Amoco dumping effluent in Lake Michigan 198 and at the end of Daughter he sang the lyrics George Bush leave this world alone George Bush find yourself another home In the beginning of the second encore Vedder invited Iraq war veteran Tomas Young the subject of the documentary Body of War onto the stage to urge an end to the war Young in turn introduced Ben Harper who contributed vocals to No More and Rockin in the Free World 199 The band later discovered that some of the Bush related lyrics were excised from the AT amp T webcast of the event and questioned whether that constitutes censorship 200 AT amp T later apologized and blamed the censorship on contractor Davie Brown Entertainment 201 Pearl Jam has performed numerous benefit concerts in aid of charities and causes For example the band headlined a Seattle concert in 2001 to support the United Nations efforts to combat world hunger 202 The band added a date at the Chicago House of Blues to its 2005 tour to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina the concert proceeds were donated to Habitat for Humanity the American Red Cross and the Jazz Foundation of America 203 In 2011 Pearl Jam was named 2011 Planet Defenders by Rock The Earth for their environmental activism and their large scale efforts to decrease their own carbon emissions 204 Band members EditCurrent members Jeff Ament bass backing vocals 1990 present Stone Gossard rhythm and lead guitar backing vocals 1990 present Mike McCready lead guitar backing vocals 1990 present Eddie Vedder lead vocals rhythm guitar 1990 present Matt Cameron drums percussion backing vocals 1998 present Touring session members Boom Gaspar keyboards piano organ 2002 present Josh Klinghoffer guitar drums percussion backing vocals 2021 present Richard Stuverud drums percussion 2022 present filled in for Cameron at some 2022 shows Former members Dave Krusen drums percussion 1990 1991 touring guest 2017 2022 Matt Chamberlain drums percussion 1991 Dave Abbruzzese drums percussion 1991 1994 Jack Irons drums percussion backing vocals 1994 1998 Timeline EditDiscography EditMain article Pearl Jam discography Ten 1991 Vs 1993 Vitalogy 1994 No Code 1996 Yield 1998 Binaural 2000 Riot Act 2002 Pearl Jam 2006 Backspacer 2009 Lightning Bolt 2013 Gigaton 2020 See also EditList of alternative rock artists List of artists who reached number one on the U S alternative rock chart List of artists who reached number one on the U S Mainstream Rock chart List of awards and nominations received by Pearl Jam List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducteesReferences Edit Erlewine Stephen Thomas Lost Dogs Overview Allmusic Retrieved June 22 2007 a b c d e f Erlewine Stephen Thomas Pearl Jam gt Biography Allmusic Retrieved June 22 2007 a b c d e f Hiatt Brian June 16 2006 The Second Coming of Pearl Jam Rolling Stone Archived from the original on October 8 2021 Retrieved June 22 2007 Top Selling Artists RIAA Retrieved February 11 2012 Greene Andy December 20 2016 Pearl Jam Joan Baez Tupac Lead Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2017 Class Rolling Stone Archived from the original on December 21 2016 Retrieved December 20 2016 a b Rolling Stone Readers Pick the Top Ten Live Acts of All Time Rolling Stone March 9 2011 Retrieved December 10 2018 Azerrad Michael Our Band Could Be Your Life Little Brown and Company 2001 ISBN 0 316 78753 1 p 422 Friend Lonn M July 1992 Heroes and Heroin RIP Retrieved June 22 2007 a b c d e f g Crowe Cameron October 28 1993 Five Against the World Rolling Stone Archived from the original on June 19 2007 Retrieved June 23 2007 Wall Mick Alive Nirvana and the Story of Grunge Q p 95 Pearl Jam 2011 Pearl Jam Twenty p 39 ISBN 978 1 84887 493 0 a b c Peiken Matt December 1993 Dave Abbruzzese of Pearl Jam Modern Drummer Archived from the original on June 29 2012 Retrieved July 1 2007 a b c Pearl Jam Timeline Pearljam com Archived from the original on January 9 2008 Retrieved June 27 2007 Prato Greg December 15 2010 Grunge Is Dead The Oral History of Seattle Rock Music 2009 ISBN 9781554903474 Retrieved June 6 2017 Robinson John Kurt Cobain Raised the Bar for Us Uncut Retrieved July 21 2017 We Toured Young Mookie Blaylock and Alice in Chains 1991 February 19 2011 Archived from the original on August 11 2016 Retrieved July 21 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link a b Neely Kim Right Here Right Now Rolling Stone October 31 1991 a b c Pearlman Nina Black Days Guitar World December 2002 a b c d e f g h i j Weisbard Eric et al Ten Past Ten Spin August 2001 Greene Jo Ann Pearl Jam and the Secret History of Seattle Part 2 Goldmine August 1993 Huey Steve Ten gt Review Allmusic Retrieved July 3 2007 Pearl Jam tells its story at VH1 taping Billboard June 2 2006 Miller Bobbi January 8 1991 Richardson Teen ager Kills Himself in Front of Classmates The Dallas Morning News Archived from the original on February 1 2010 Retrieved June 27 2007 Top Pop Catalog Billboard Retrieved April 2 2009 Gilbert Jeff New Power Generation Guitar World Nirvana and the Seattle Sound 1993 Al amp Cake An interview with Kurt Cobain Flipside May June 1992 Coryat Karl Godfather of the G Word Bass Player magazine April 1994 Hiatt Brian June 20 2006 Eddie Vedder s Embarrassing Tale Naked in Public Rolling Stone Archived from the original on June 20 2008 Retrieved March 3 2009 Weingarten Christopher R March 9 2017 Saturday Night Live Rocks 25 Greatest Musical Performances Rolling Stone Retrieved May 20 2017 Greene Andy March 5 2015 Flashback Pearl Jam Play Intense Black on MTV Unplugged Rolling Stone Retrieved May 19 2017 Montgommery James August 2 2010 Lollapalooza Lookback 1992 Meet Pearl Jam MTV Retrieved May 25 2018 Kaye Ben January 4 2017 Singles soundtrack to receive expanded reissue and vinyl box set for 25th anniversary Consequence of Sound Retrieved May 20 2017 Neely Kim Five Against One The Pearl Jam Story The Lost Jeremy Video pp 109 113 New York NY Penguin Books a b Interview with Stone Gossard and Mike McCready Total Guitar November 2002 Pearl s Jam Entertainment Weekly November 19 1993 Retrieved August 31 2007 Farber Jim December 14 1998 Your Cheatin Charts Timely Accounting Change Helped Brooks Double Live Smash Pearl Jam s 93 Record Daily News Retrieved September 2 2009 Evans Paul December 23 1993 Pearl Jam Vs Rolling Stone Archived from the original on May 14 2008 Retrieved May 27 2008 Ashare Matt The Sweet Smell of Moderate Success CMJ July 2000 DeRogatis Jim Milk It Collected Musings on the Alternative Music Explosion of the 90 s Cambridge Da Capo 2003 ISBN 0 306 81271 1 p 58 DeRogatis p 59 a b DeRogatis p 60 Budnick Baron Dean Josh June 1 2011 Ticket Masters The Rise of the Concert Industry and How the Public Got Scalped Toronto Ontario Canada ECW Press p 116 123 126 143 353 354 355 356 ISBN 978 1 55022 949 3 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Philips Chuck May 17 1991 Ticket Flap What Price Convenience Entertainment A host of service fees surcharges and taxes is riling concert goers and lawmakers LA Times Retrieved July 22 2012 Philips chuck February 7 1995 Congress May Get Tickets Measure Pop music Spurred by Pearl Jam s crusade the bill would require ticket vendors to disclose fees LA Times Retrieved July 22 2012 Philips Chuck June 30 1994 Pearl Jam Ticketmaster and Now Congress America s biggest band sent shock waves through the music business when it filed a complaint with the Justice Department about Ticketmaster Now Congress is holding a hearing How d it all get so far LA Times Retrieved July 22 2012 Philips Chuck June 8 1994 Pearl Jam vs Ticketmaster Choosing Sides Legal file The pop music world is divided over the Seattle band s allegations which led to a Justice Department investigation into possible anti competitive practices in the ticket distribution industry LA Times Retrieved July 22 2012 Philips Chuck June 17 1995 COLUMN ONE The Ticket King s Path to Power As Pearl Jam just learned Ticketmaster s Fred Rosen gets what he wants His tactics have earned him some foes but even critics admit he has transformed the industry Now he s eyeing new realms LA Times Retrieved July 22 2012 Philips Chuck June 9 1992 A Tangle Over Tickets Ticketmaster Target of Lawsuits Says It Offers Broad Service LA Times Retrieved July 22 2012 Finklestein and Lagan Matthew Colleen Title Not for Your Only for Ticketmaster Do Ticketmaster s Exclusive Agreements with Concert Venues Violate Federal AntitrustLaw Wall Mick Alive Nirvana and the Story of Grunge Q p 99 Philips Chuck August 12 1994 Company Town Bill Would Require Ticket Fee Disclosures Legislation Rep Dingell takes aim at concerns over prices customers pay to get into concerts and sporting events Retrieved September 27 2012 Gordinier Jeff October 28 1994 The Brawls in Their Courts Entertainment Weekly Retrieved September 3 2007 DeRogatis p 64 65 Philips Chuck December 22 1994 Pearl Jam Dodges Ticketmaster Prices The Washington Post Retrieved February 15 2016 a b c d e f g h Ten Past Ten archive on web site Five Horizons Gaar Gillian G Radio Free Vedder Rolling Stone February 23 1995 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Vitalogy gt Review Allmusic Retrieved April 29 2007 Weisel Al Pearl Jam Vitalogy Rolling Stone December 15 1994 p 91 92 DeRogatis p 64 DeRogatis p 65 Marks Craig The Road Less Traveled Spin February 1997 Pareles Jon August 25 1996 Pearl Jam Is Tired of the Pearl Jam Sound The New York Times Retrieved June 27 2007 Browne David August 23 1996 Northwest Passage Entertainment Weekly Retrieved May 28 2008 a b Hilburn Robert Working Their Way Out of a Jam Los Angeles Times December 22 1996 Pearl Jam Talks About New Approach To Yield MTV com February 4 1998 a b Erlewine Stephen Thomas Yield gt Review Allmusic Retrieved July 1 2007 Sinclair Tom February 6 1998 Last Band Standing Entertainment Weekly Retrieved May 28 2008 a b Mulvey John Interview with Pearl Jam NME May 13 2000 Tentaciones El Pais February 13 1998 The Billboard 200 Yield Billboard Archived from the original on September 26 2007 Retrieved July 1 2007 Music Videos amp Shorts Epoch Ink Animation Archived from the original on September 3 2013 Retrieved September 6 2007 Fischer Blair R April 17 1998 Off He Goes Rolling Stone Archived from the original on October 2 2007 Retrieved June 28 2007 Symonds Jeff February 14 1998 Pearl Jam Yields to Ticketmaster E Online Retrieved June 27 2007 Hinckley David Vedder s Not Finished New York Daily News August 10 1999 Stout Gene May 16 2000 Pearl Jam s Binaural ear marked by unusual sound mixing Seattle Post Intelligencer Retrieved June 28 2007 Pareles Jon June 8 2000 Pearl Jam Binaural Rolling Stone Archived from the original on October 14 2007 Retrieved May 28 2008 Gundersen Edna December 5 2002 Riot Act finds Pearl Jam in a quiet place USA Today Retrieved March 16 2008 Taping Camera Policy Guidelines Sonymusic com May 27 2006 Archived from the original on June 3 2007 Retrieved June 28 2007 Gundersen Edna August 31 2000 Pearl Jam s Bootlegs Give Others the Boot USA Today Archived from the original on December 9 2006 Retrieved June 28 2007 Bronson Fred October 14 2000 Five Live Sets Drive Pearl Jam Home Billboard p 122 Retrieved January 11 2014 Cohen Jonathan April 7 2001 Pearl Jam Delivers Its Own Bootlegs Billboard pp 12 14 Retrieved January 11 2014 Stout Gene September 1 2000 Pearl Jam s darkest hour Seattle band thought about quitting after concert deaths Seattle Post Intelligencer Archived from the original on January 25 2013 Retrieved August 14 2012 Pearl Jam 2000 Concert Chronology Part 3 Fivehorizons com Retrieved July 1 2007 Stout Gene A charged up Pearl Jam is really into its daring new Riot Act Seattle Post Intelligencer November 12 2002 Associated Press New Pearl Jam CD Boosts Grunge Revival The Sydney Morning Herald November 28 2002 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Riot Act gt Review Allmusic Retrieved April 29 2007 Pearl Jam 2003 Concert Chronology Part 3 Fivehorizons com Retrieved July 1 2007 Pearl Jam Bush Stunt Angers Fans BBC News April 4 2003 Retrieved July 1 2007 Olsen Eric June 5 2003 The music biz in a Pearl Jam PDF MSNBC com Archived from the original PDF on April 5 2013 Retrieved July 2 2007 Pearl Jam Joins Amazon com s Advantage Program to Sell Music Directly to Fans Amazon com December 17 2003 Archived from the original on June 28 2015 Retrieved July 2 2007 Missio David June 14 2004 Pearl Jam Plug An Acoustic Set Into Your Stereo ChartAttack com Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved July 2 2007 Cohen Jonathan May 11 2004 Pearl Jam helps bid adieu to Friends Today com Retrieved July 5 2007 Pearl Jam Rumor Pit Issue No 59 sonymusic com Archived 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2007 Cohen Jonathan December 12 2006 Billboard Bits Pearl Jam Mariah Carey Trick Pony Billboard Retrieved July 1 2007 Pearl Jam To Headline Lollapalooza Pearljam com April 2 2007 Archived from the original on July 7 2007 Retrieved July 1 2007 Pre order Live at the Gorge 05 06 Pearljam com May 1 2007 Archived from the original on July 7 2007 Retrieved July 1 2007 PJ To Release Italy DVD September 25 Pearljam com Archived from the original on July 18 2007 Retrieved July 27 2007 Pearl Jam to Play Bonnaroo Pearljam com February 5 2008 Archived from the original on February 6 2008 Retrieved February 6 2008 Pearl Jam Tour Dates Pearljam com Retrieved April 4 2008 Incubus Performs on VH1 s Rock Honors The Who Show VH1 Blog June 13 2008 Archived from the original on June 14 2008 Retrieved June 18 2008 Pearl Jam Vote for Change 2004 Tour Film Documentary Coming Soon Host an Election Eve Screening in Your Town Pearljam com Archived from the original on February 23 2008 Retrieved October 25 2008 a b Hay Travis December 10 2008 Pearl Jam s Ten gets the deluxe treatment with four reissues next year Seattle Post Intelligencer Archived from the original on December 12 2008 Retrieved December 10 2008 a b Happy PJ20 Ten Club pearljam com Archived from the original on August 11 2014 Retrieved January 6 2011 McCready Mike March 27 2009 Ron and Don Show 3 27 09 5 00 pm 6 00 pm 97 3 KIRO Seattle Washington Archived from the original on February 22 2009 Retrieved April 8 2009 a b Pearl Jam Begin Work on Ninth Studio Album Rolling Stone May 2 2008 Archived from the original on May 5 2008 Retrieved May 2 2008 Pearl Jam ready for studio return Idiomag com February 10 2009 Retrieved February 12 2009 Pearl Jam Scores First No 1 On Billboard 200 In 13 Years Billboard September 30 2009 Archived from the original on October 1 2009 Retrieved September 30 2009 Pearl Jam crashes back Mind Your Manners storms rock radio Billboard July 19 2013 Retrieved July 24 2013 a b Hotten Jon July 10 2009 Pearl Jam Album A Tight Concise Rock N Roll Record Classic Rock Retrieved July 10 2009 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Backspacer Pearl Jam Allmusic Retrieved September 18 2009 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Hiatt Brian February 19 2009 Pearl Jam to Release New LP in 2009 Rolling Stone Archived from the original on May 17 2009 Retrieved June 3 2009 Format Rooms Modern Rock Archived June 20 2012 at the Wayback Machine FMQB Werde Bill June 1 2009 Exclusive Pearl Jam Confirms Target Tie Up Billboard Retrieved June 1 2009 a b Cohen Jonathan July 31 2007 Pearl Jam Back to the Future Billboard Retrieved July 31 2009 Anderson Kyle September 21 2009 Pearl Jam To Release Extra Tracks From Backspacer Sessions MTV Retrieved September 21 2009 Cohen Jonathan September 8 2009 Pearl Jam The Backspacer Audio Q amp As Billboard Retrieved September 8 2009 Pearl Jam to Headline Virgin Festival in Calgary Pearljam com June 30 2009 Archived from the original on 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original on January 19 2011 Retrieved January 16 2011 New Pearl Jam Album Other Band Projects in the Works Billboard March 16 2011 Retrieved March 16 2011 Ten Club Announces Alpine Valley and Canada Tour Billboard May 16 2011 Retrieved May 16 2011 New Pearl Song PJ20 com September 8 2011 Archived from the original on July 15 2011 Retrieved September 8 2011 Concierto Pearl Jam en Costa Rica Adondeirhoy com Retrieved September 16 2012 Pearl Jam Announces 2012 Europe UK Tour pearljam com December 8 2011 Archived from the original on August 11 2014 Retrieved December 15 2011 New Pearl Jam Album Lightning Bolt Available October 15 Pearl Jam Archived from the original on July 14 2013 Retrieved July 11 2013 Pearl Jam Announces Fall 2013 North American Tour Dates pearljam com July 8 2013 Archived from the original on July 10 2013 Retrieved July 8 2013 I thought Blur was all over Alex James talks the band and headlining Big Day Out Sydney Morning Herald July 31 2013 Retrieved July 31 2013 Pearl Jam Blur and Arcade Fire head Big Day Out line up The Australian July 31 2013 Retrieved July 31 2013 Countdown World premiere of Sirens Pearl Jam s new single Sirius XM Archived from the original on September 21 2013 Retrieved September 18 2013 Caulfield Keith October 23 2013 Pearl Jam Earns Fifth No 1 Album On Billboard 200 Billboard Retrieved April 11 2014 Grammy Awards 2015 The Complete Winners List Rolling Stone February 8 2015 Archived from the original on February 9 2015 Retrieved February 9 2015 Latin America Tour 2015 pearljam com March 13 2015 Archived from the original on March 15 2015 Retrieved March 17 2015 Pearl Jam Announce North American Spring and Summer Tour Rolling Stone January 19 2016 Archived from the original on January 20 2016 Retrieved January 19 2016 Watch David Letterman s Eloquent Pearl Jam Rock Hall Induction Speech Rolling Stone April 8 2017 Archived from the original on February 25 2018 Retrieved September 8 2017 Pearl Jam Capture Wrigley Field Shows in Let s Play Two Concert Film Rolling Stone August 21 2017 Archived from the original on August 22 2017 Retrieved August 22 2017 See Pearl Jam at Lollapalooza in South America Pearl Jam September 27 2017 Retrieved December 1 2017 Pearl Jam announce UK and Europe 2018 tour NME December 1 2017 Retrieved December 1 2017 Pearl Jam Announce First Seattle Shows in Five Years Spin January 22 2018 Retrieved January 23 2018 New Song Can t Deny Me Out Now Pearl Jam March 12 2018 Retrieved March 13 2018 Pearl Jam confirm release of new album Consequence of Sound March 13 2018 Retrieved March 13 2018 Pearl Jam is returning to Europe in 2020 Pearl Jam Retrieved December 2 2019 Pearl Jam announces 2020 tour with the Pixies New York Post December 2 2019 Retrieved December 2 2019 Pearl Jam Announces First Album in Seven Years Along With North American Tour Variety January 13 2020 Retrieved January 13 2020 Greene Andy January 13 2020 Pearl Jam Announce New Album Gigaton North American Tour Dates Rolling Stone Retrieved January 14 2020 Spring Tour Postponed Pearl Jam Retrieved March 10 2020 Pearl Jam Miley Cyrus and Madonna scrap gigs over coronavirus fears BBC News March 10 2020 Retrieved March 10 2020 Pearl Jam to Release 1992 MTV Unplugged Session Spin September 10 2020 Retrieved September 11 2020 Kreps Daniel May 7 2021 Pearl Jam Announce Deep Digital Live Archives of Nearly 200 Shows Rolling Stone Retrieved May 7 2021 Graves Wren May 7 2021 Pearl Jam Launch New Digital Archive DEEP with 186 Live Shows Consequence of Sound Retrieved May 7 2021 Rettig James September 19 2021 Watch Pearl Jam Debut Gigaton Tracks Live At First Show In 3 Years Stereogum Retrieved September 19 2021 Cohen Jonathan May 13 2022 Matt Cameron Out With COVID Josh Klinghoffer Richard Stuverud Drum For Pearl Jam In Oakland Spin Retrieved May 14 2022 Unterberger Andrew November 18 2004 Pearl Jam Rearviewmirror Stylus Archived from the original on May 4 2007 Retrieved July 1 2007 Kerr Dave May 2006 Explore and not Explode The Skinny Retrieved September 3 2007 Pearl Jam Unmic ed kqed org Archived from the original on February 28 2014 Retrieved February 21 2014 Garbarini Vic Mother of Pearl Musician May 1995 Rotondi James Blood On the Tracks Guitar Player January 1994 Prato Greg Mike McCready gt Biography Allmusic Retrieved April 20 2009 Jon Pareles December 4 1994 RECORDINGS VIEW Pearl Jam Gives Voice To Sisyphus The New York Times Retrieved December 13 2007 DeRogatis p 57 Prato Greg Eddie Vedder gt Biography Allmusic Retrieved April 20 2009 Tannenbaum Rob Rebels Without a Pause George July 2000 Cross Charles R Better Man Guitar World Presents Guitar Legends Pearl Jam July 2006 Snow Mat November 1993 Pearl Jam You My Son Are Weird www rocksbackpages com Q Retrieved October 13 2015 Sinagra Laura Grunge Spin 20 Years of Alternative Music Three Rivers Press 2005 ISBN 0 307 23662 5 p 150 Jenkins Mandy June 19 2003 Pearl Jam s tour even surprised bassist Ament The Cincinnati Enquirer Retrieved July 1 2007 Cohen Jonathan June 9 2006 Mercy Strokes Cover Gaye With Vedder Homme Billboard Retrieved July 10 2007 Khan Laaleen June 16 2011 The Vedderisation of Pakistani rock It s still alive The Express Tribune Retrieved June 16 2011 DeRogatis p 66 Matheson Whitney July 5 2005 And the Greatest American rock band ever is USA Today Retrieved May 7 2007 The 2006 Esky Music Awards Esquire April 2006 Hilburn Robert October 19 2000 Pearl Jam Does the Evolution Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 28 2009 Andy Greene n d MTV Unplugged The 15 Best Episodes Rolling Stone Retrieved January 15 2020 duBrowa Cory Pearl Jam Sleater Kinney Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall Portland OR 7 20 2006 Paste Magazine Retrieved July 10 2007 a b Pearl Jam Synergy Sonymusic com Archived from the original on June 18 2007 Retrieved June 26 2007 Van Schagen Sarah July 21 2006 Jam Session Interview with Stone Gossard grist org Retrieved November 1 2008 Echols contributes to new Pearl Jam album wm3 org Archived from the original on September 28 2007 Retrieved July 22 2007 Vedder Eddie Reclamation Spin November 1992 Talvi Silja J A September 26 2000 Vedder on Nader The better man Salon com Archived from the original on November 3 2007 Retrieved September 3 2007 Voices for Change Rolling Stone October 14 2004 Archived from the original on August 7 2007 Retrieved September 3 2007 The Vitalogy Foundation pearljam com Pearl Jam Close Out Last Night at Lollapalooza NME August 7 2007 Archived from the original on April 30 2009 Retrieved April 25 2009 Warren Dan August 6 2007 Lollapalooza 2007 Hybrid Magazine Retrieved August 6 2007 Jon Healey August 8 2007 AT amp T drops Pearl Jam s call Los Angeles Times Retrieved November 22 2015 Gross Grant August 9 2007 AT amp T Says It Didn t Censor Pearl Jam IDG News Service Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved August 9 2007 Schumacher Rasmussen Eric August 7 2001 Pearl Jam To Play For Charity MTV Retrieved July 31 2007 Cohen Jonathan September 14 2005 Pearl Jam The Roots Plan Katrina Benefits Billboard Retrieved July 31 2007 Pearl Jam Is Announced as 2011 Planet Defenders on Earth Day UpVenue April 23 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Further reading EditClark Martin Pearl Jam amp Eddie Vedder None Too Fragile 2005 ISBN 0 85965 371 4 Jones Allan Pearl Jam The Illustrated Story A Melody Maker Book 1995 ISBN 0 7935 4035 6 McCready Mike Of Potato Heads and Polaroids My Life Inside and Out of Pearl Jam 2017 ISBN 978 1 57687 835 4 Neely Kim Five Against One The Pearl Jam Story 1998 ISBN 0 14 027642 4 Pearl Jam Twenty 2011 ISBN 978 1 43916 921 6 Prato Greg Grunge Is Dead The Oral History of Seattle Rock Music 2009 ISBN 978 1 55022 877 9 Prato Greg 100 Things Pearl Jam Fans Should Know amp Do Before They Die 2018 ISBN 978 1 62937 540 3 Wall Mick Pearl Jam 1996 ISBN 1 886894 33 7External links EditPearl Jam at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Data from Wikidata Official website Pearl Jam at AllMusic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pearl Jam amp oldid 1132246111, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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