The name of this letter is the same as the sound it represents (see usage). Among English-speaking typographers the symbol may be called a "slashed O"[1] or "o with stroke". Although these names suggest it is a ligature or a diacritical variant of the letter ⟨o⟩, it is considered a separate letter in Danish and Norwegian, and it is alphabetized after ⟨z⟩ — thus ⟨x⟩, ⟨y⟩, ⟨z⟩, ⟨æ⟩, ⟨ø⟩, and ⟨å⟩.
In other languages that do not have the letter as part of the regular alphabet, or in limited character sets such as ASCII, ⟨ø⟩ may correctly be replaced with the digraph⟨oe⟩, although in practice it is often replaced with just ⟨o⟩, e.g. in email addresses. It is equivalent to ⟨ö⟩ used in Swedish (and a number of other languages), and may also be replaced with ⟨ö⟩, as was often the case with older typewriters in Denmark and Norway, and in national extensions of International Morse Code.
In modern Danish, Faroese, and Norwegian, the letter is a monophthongalclose-mid front rounded vowel, the IPA symbol for which is also [ø] (Unicode U+00F8). As with so many vowels, it has slight variations of "light" quality (in Danish, søster ("sister") is pronounced as [ø], like the "eu" in the French word bleu) and "dark" quality (in Danish, bønne ("bean") is pronounced as [œ], like the "œu" in the French word bœuf).[2]Listen to a Danish speaker reciting the Danish alphabet. In the Suðuroy-dialect of Faroese, the short ø is pronounced [ʏ], e.g. børn[bʏdn] ("children"). The letter was used in both Antiqua and Fraktur from at least as early as the Christian III Bible. Under German influence, the letter ö appeared in older texts (particularly those using Fraktur) and was preferred for use on maps (e.g., for Helsingör or Læsö) until 1957.[3]
The Southern Sami language uses the letter ø in Norway. It is used in the diphthongs yø[yo] and øø[oe]. In Sweden, the letter ö is preferred.
The Iaai language uses the letter ø to represent the sound [ø].
Ǿ (Ø with an acute accent, Unicode U+01FE) may be used in Danish on rare occasions to distinguish its use from a similar word with Ø. Example: hunden gǿr, "the dog barks" against hunden gør (det), "the dog does (it)". This distinction is not mandatory and the first example can be written either gǿr or gør; the first variant (with ǿ) would only be used to avoid confusion. The second example cannot be spelled gǿr. In Danish, hunden gør, "the dog barks", may sometimes be replaced by the non-standard spelling hunden gøer. This is, however, usually based on a misunderstanding of the grammatic rules of conjugation of verbs ending in the letters ø and å. These idiosyncratic spellings are not accepted in the official language standard. On Danish keyboards and typewriters, the acute accent may be typed above any vowel, by pressing the acute key before pressing the letter, but Ǿ is not implemented in the Microsoft Windows keyboard layout for Danish.
Ø is used in Old Icelandic texts, when written with the standardized orthography, denoting, among other things the umlautso > ø and ǫ > ø.
In Old Polish texts, the letter Ø represented a nasal vowel (after all nasal vowels had merged).
Outside Europe, Ø is used in Latin transliteration of the Seneca language as the equivalent of the ampersand; it abbreviates the Seneca word koh.
Ø (or more properly, the similar null sign, ∅), is used in English as a short for "no" or "none", but this usage is discouraged in handwriting, since it may be mistaken as another number, especially "0".[4]
Ø / ø is not related to, and should not be confused with similar-looking Greek Φ / φ or CyrillicФ / ф.
The Cyrillic letter Ө has the same sound as Ø, which is used in the Cyrillic alphabets for Kazakh, Mongolian, Azerbaijani, and other languages that have this sound. This is not to be confused with the Early Cyrillic letter fita Ѳ.
The letter Ø-with-diæresis (Ø̈, ø̈) was used by the Øresund bridge company, as part of their logotype, to symbolize its union between Sweden and Denmark. Since Ø-with-diæresis did not exist in computer fonts, it was not used in the text. The logotype now uses the spelling Øresundsbron, with Øresunds- being Danish and -bron being Swedish. The letter Ø-with-diæresis sometimes appears on packaging meant for the Scandinavian market so as to prevent printing the same word twice. For example, liquorice brand Snøre/Snöre's logo on the packaging is Snø̈re. The letter is rarely used on maps (e.g.: Grø̈nland).[5]
Similar symbolsedit
The letter "Ø" is sometimes used in mathematics as a replacement for the symbol "∅" (Unicode character U+2205), referring to the empty set as established by Bourbaki, and sometimes in linguistics as a replacement for same symbol used to represent a zero. The "∅" symbol is always drawn as a slashed circle, whereas in most typefaces the letter "Ø" is a slashed ellipse.
The diameter symbol (⌀) (Unicode character U+2300) is similar to the lowercase letter ø, and in some typefaces it even uses the same glyph, although in many others the glyphs are subtly distinguishable (normally, the diameter symbol uses an exact circle and the letter o is somewhat stylized). The diameter symbol is used extensively in engineering drawings, and it is also seen in situations where abbreviating "diameter" is useful, such as on camera lenses. For example, a lens with a diameter of 82 millimeters would be engraved with " ⌀ 82 mm ".
Ø or ⌀ is sometimes also used as a symbol for average value, particularly in German-speaking countries. ("Average" in German is Durchschnitt, directly translated as cut-through.)[6]
Slashed zero is an alternate glyph for the zero character. Its slash does not extend outside the ellipse (except in handwriting). It is often used to distinguish "zero" ("0") from the Latin script letter "O" anywhere that people wish to preempt confounding of the two, particularly in encoding systems, scientific and engineering applications, computer programming (such as software development), and telecommunications. It is also used in Amateur Radio call signs, such as XXØXX, XØXXX, and so on, in the United States and in other countries. See, also,[7] for information on international amateur radio call signs.
The letter "Ø" is often used in trapped-key interlock sequence drawings to denote a key trapped in a lock. A lock without a key is shown as an "O".
The letter arose to represent an /ø/ sound resulting primarily from i-mutation of /o/. There are at least two theories about the origin of the letter ø:[citation needed]
It possibly arose as a version of the ligature, Œ, of the digraph "oe", with the horizontal line of the "e" written across the "o".
It possibly arose in Anglo-Saxon England as an O and an I written in the same place: compare Bede's Northumbrian Anglo-Saxon period spelling Coinualch for standard Cēnwealh (a man's name) (in a text in Latin). Later the letter ø disappeared from Anglo-Saxon as the Anglo-Saxon sound /ø/ changed to /e/, but by then use of the letter ø had spread from England to Scandinavia.
Computersedit
Danish keyboard with keys for Æ, Ø, and Å. On Norwegian keyboards the Æ and Ø switch places.
In Unicode, Ǿ and ǿ have the code points U+01FE and U+01FF.
On Microsoft Windows, using the "United States-International" keyboard setting, it can be typed by holding down the Alt-Gr key and pressing "L". It can also be typed under any keyboard setting by pressing NumLock, holding down the Alt key while typing 0216 (for uppercase) or 0248 (for lowercase) on the numeric keypad, provided the system uses code page 1252 as system default. (Code page 1252 is a superset of ISO 8859-1, and 216 and 248 are the decimal equivalents of hexadecimal D8 and F8.)
In macOS, it can be typed by holding O, or o, and then typing 6. In MacOS and earlier systems, using a US English-language keyboard, the letter can be typed by holding the [Option] key while typing O, or o, to yield Ø, or ø.
In the X Window System environment, one can produce these characters by pressing Alt-Gr and o or O, or by pressing the Multi key followed with a slash and then o or O.
In some systems, such as older versions of MS-DOS, the letter Ø is not part of the widely used code page 437. In Scandinavian codepages, Ø replaces the yen sign (¥) at 165, and ø replaces the ¢ sign at 162.
On an Amiga operating system using any keyboard map, the letter can be typed by holding the [Alt] key while typing O, or o, to yield Ø, or ø.
^"Medical Abbreviation Policy (PME006), Appendix A, Prohibited Abbreviations for Handwritten Documentation" (PDF). Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Updated: 11/20/03 Effective 3/3/04
^Die Erde: Haack Kleiner Atlas; VEB Hermann Haack geographisch-kartographische Anstalt, Gotha, 1982; p. 78
^ Beeton, Barbara; Freytag, Asmus; Iancu, Laurențiu; Sargent, Murray III (30 October 2015). "Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set" (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. p. 6.
^ "ITU Table of Allocation of International Call Sign Series". arrl.org. Newington, CT: American Radio Relay League.
this, article, about, scandinavian, letter, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, cyrillic, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, techni. This article is about the Scandinavian letter For other uses see O disambiguation Not to be confused with Phi or Ef Cyrillic This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article may be too technical for most readers to understand Please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details June 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources O news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message O or minuscule o is a letter used in the Danish Norwegian Faroese and Southern Sami languages It is mostly used as to represent the mid front rounded vowels such as o and œ except for Southern Sami where it is used as an oe diphthong O with slashOoOo Ǿǿ O o UsageWriting systemLatin scriptTypeAlphabetLanguage of originContestedPhonetic usage o œ ʏ yo oe Unicode codepointU 00D8 U 00F8HistoryDevelopmentO o𐌏O oOoTransliteration equivalentsOE oe Oo O o VariationsOo Ǿǿ O o OtherOther letters commonly used withI EThis article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters The name of this letter is the same as the sound it represents see usage Among English speaking typographers the symbol may be called a slashed O 1 or o with stroke Although these names suggest it is a ligature or a diacritical variant of the letter o it is considered a separate letter in Danish and Norwegian and it is alphabetized after z thus x y z ae o and a In other languages that do not have the letter as part of the regular alphabet or in limited character sets such as ASCII o may correctly be replaced with the digraph oe although in practice it is often replaced with just o e g in email addresses It is equivalent to o used in Swedish and a number of other languages and may also be replaced with o as was often the case with older typewriters in Denmark and Norway and in national extensions of International Morse Code o minuscule is also used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent a close mid front rounded vowel Contents 1 Language usage 2 Similar letters 3 Similar symbols 4 History 5 Computers 6 Encoding 7 See also 8 Notes 9 ReferencesLanguage usage edit nbsp Title page of the Christian III Bible employing the spelling Kobenhaffn nbsp O with Stroke and acute in Doulos SILIn modern Danish Faroese and Norwegian the letter is a monophthongal close mid front rounded vowel the IPA symbol for which is also o Unicode U 00F8 As with so many vowels it has slight variations of light quality in Danish soster sister is pronounced as o like the eu in the French word bleu and dark quality in Danish bonne bean is pronounced as œ like the œu in the French word bœuf 2 Listen to a Danish speaker reciting the Danish alphabet In the Suduroy dialect of Faroese the short o is pronounced ʏ e g born bʏdn children The letter was used in both Antiqua and Fraktur from at least as early as the Christian III Bible Under German influence the letter o appeared in older texts particularly those using Fraktur and was preferred for use on maps e g for Helsingor or Laeso until 1957 3 The Southern Sami language uses the letter o in Norway It is used in the diphthongs yo yo and oo oe In Sweden the letter o is preferred The Iaai language uses the letter o to represent the sound o O is used in the orthographies of several languages of Africa such as Lendu spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Koonzime spoken in Cameroon In Danish o is also a word meaning island The corresponding word is spelled o in Swedish and oy in Norwegian O is used as the party letter for the left wing Danish political party Red Green Alliance Enhedslisten Ǿ O with an acute accent Unicode U 01FE may be used in Danish on rare occasions to distinguish its use from a similar word with O Example hunden gǿr the dog barks against hunden gor det the dog does it This distinction is not mandatory and the first example can be written either gǿr or gor the first variant with ǿ would only be used to avoid confusion The second example cannot be spelled gǿr In Danish hunden gor the dog barks may sometimes be replaced by the non standard spelling hunden goer This is however usually based on a misunderstanding of the grammatic rules of conjugation of verbs ending in the letters o and a These idiosyncratic spellings are not accepted in the official language standard On Danish keyboards and typewriters the acute accent may be typed above any vowel by pressing the acute key before pressing the letter but Ǿ is not implemented in the Microsoft Windows keyboard layout for Danish O is used in Old Icelandic texts when written with the standardized orthography denoting among other things the umlauts o gt o and ǫ gt o In Old Polish texts the letter O represented a nasal vowel after all nasal vowels had merged Outside Europe O is used in Latin transliteration of the Seneca language as the equivalent of the ampersand it abbreviates the Seneca word koh O or more properly the similar null sign is used in English as a short for no or none but this usage is discouraged in handwriting since it may be mistaken as another number especially 0 4 Similar letters editThe Turkish Azerbaijani Turkmen Tatar Swedish Icelandic Rotuman German Finnish Estonian and Hungarian alphabets use the letter O instead of O Hungarian orthography uses O for the same sound lengthened O o is not related to and should not be confused with similar looking Greek F f or Cyrillic F f The Cyrillic letter Ө has the same sound as O which is used in the Cyrillic alphabets for Kazakh Mongolian Azerbaijani and other languages that have this sound This is not to be confused with the Early Cyrillic letter fita Ѳ The letter O with diaeresis O o was used by the Oresund bridge company as part of their logotype to symbolize its union between Sweden and Denmark Since O with diaeresis did not exist in computer fonts it was not used in the text The logotype now uses the spelling Oresundsbron with Oresunds being Danish and bron being Swedish The letter O with diaeresis sometimes appears on packaging meant for the Scandinavian market so as to prevent printing the same word twice For example liquorice brand Snore Snore s logo on the packaging is Sno re The letter is rarely used on maps e g Gro nland 5 Similar symbols editThe letter O is sometimes used in mathematics as a replacement for the symbol Unicode character U 2205 referring to the empty set as established by Bourbaki and sometimes in linguistics as a replacement for same symbol used to represent a zero The symbol is always drawn as a slashed circle whereas in most typefaces the letter O is a slashed ellipse The diameter symbol Unicode character U 2300 is similar to the lowercase letter o and in some typefaces it even uses the same glyph although in many others the glyphs are subtly distinguishable normally the diameter symbol uses an exact circle and the letter o is somewhat stylized The diameter symbol is used extensively in engineering drawings and it is also seen in situations where abbreviating diameter is useful such as on camera lenses For example a lens with a diameter of 82 millimeters would be engraved with 82 mm O or is sometimes also used as a symbol for average value particularly in German speaking countries Average in German is Durchschnitt directly translated as cut through 6 Slashed zero is an alternate glyph for the zero character Its slash does not extend outside the ellipse except in handwriting It is often used to distinguish zero 0 from the Latin script letter O anywhere that people wish to preempt confounding of the two particularly in encoding systems scientific and engineering applications computer programming such as software development and telecommunications It is also used in Amateur Radio call signs such as XXOXX XOXXX and so on in the United States and in other countries See also 7 for information on international amateur radio call signs The letter O is often used in trapped key interlock sequence drawings to denote a key trapped in a lock A lock without a key is shown as an O The letter O is also used in written music especially jazz to type an ad hoc chord symbol for a half diminished chord as in Co The typographically correct chord symbol is spelled with the root name followed by a slashed degree symbol as in C The slashed degree symbol is found in the musical symbols block of Unicode but is unsupported by some fonts The null sign History editThe letter arose to represent an o sound resulting primarily from i mutation of o There are at least two theories about the origin of the letter o citation needed It possibly arose as a version of the ligature Œ of the digraph oe with the horizontal line of the e written across the o It possibly arose in Anglo Saxon England as an O and an I written in the same place compare Bede s Northumbrian Anglo Saxon period spelling Coinualch for standard Cenwealh a man s name in a text in Latin Later the letter o disappeared from Anglo Saxon as the Anglo Saxon sound o changed to e but by then use of the letter o had spread from England to Scandinavia Computers edit nbsp Danish keyboard with keys for AE O and A On Norwegian keyboards the AE and O switch places Character information Preview O oUnicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKEEncodings decimal hex dec hexUnicode 216 U 00D8 248 U 00F8UTF 8 195 152 C3 98 195 184 C3 B8Numeric character reference amp 216 wbr amp xD8 wbr amp 248 wbr amp xF8 wbr Named character reference amp Oslash amp oslash EBCDIC family 128 80 112 70ISO 8859 1 4 9 10 13 16 216 D8 248 F8TeX O oIn Unicode Ǿ and ǿ have the code points U 01FE and U 01FF On Microsoft Windows using the United States International keyboard setting it can be typed by holding down the Alt Gr key and pressing L It can also be typed under any keyboard setting by pressing NumLock holding down the Alt key while typing 0216 for uppercase or 0248 for lowercase on the numeric keypad provided the system uses code page 1252 as system default Code page 1252 is a superset of ISO 8859 1 and 216 and 248 are the decimal equivalents of hexadecimal D8 and F8 In macOS it can be typed by holding O or o and then typing 6 In MacOS and earlier systems using a US English language keyboard the letter can be typed by holding the Option key while typing O or o to yield O or o In the X Window System environment one can produce these characters by pressing Alt Gr and o or O or by pressing the Multi key followed with a slash and then o or O In some systems such as older versions of MS DOS the letter O is not part of the widely used code page 437 In Scandinavian codepages O replaces the yen sign at 165 and o replaces the sign at 162 On an Amiga operating system using any keyboard map the letter can be typed by holding the Alt key while typing O or o to yield O or o Using Microsoft Word o and O may be typed by pressing Ctrl followed by either minuscule or majuscule O Encoding editIn Unicode U 00D8 O LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE amp Oslash U 00F8 o LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE amp oslash Not to be confused with the mathematical signs U 2205 EMPTY SET amp empty amp emptyset amp emptyv amp varnothing U 2300 DIAMETER SIGNSee also editAE A Œ O Slashed zeroNotes edit Pullum Geoffrey K Ladusaw William A 1996 Phonetic Symbol Guide 2nd ed Chicago IL University of Chicago Press p 136 Introduction FAQs org Nordic FAQ O o Den Store Danske Medical Abbreviation Policy PME006 Appendix A Prohibited Abbreviations for Handwritten Documentation PDF Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Updated 11 20 03 Effective 3 3 04 Die Erde Haack Kleiner Atlas VEB Hermann Haack geographisch kartographische Anstalt Gotha 1982 p 78 Beeton Barbara Freytag Asmus Iancu Laurențiu Sargent Murray III 30 October 2015 Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set PDF The Unicode Consortium p 6 ITU Table of Allocation of International Call Sign Series arrl org Newington CT American Radio Relay League References editRobert Bringhurst 2002 The Elements of Typographic Style pp 270 284 For typographic reference to slashed o Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title O amp oldid 1212503402 Ǿ, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
