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Yogh

January 19, 2024

This article is about the Middle English letter ȝ. For the number, see 3. For the IPA letter ʒ, see Ezh. For the Anglo-Saxon rune transcribed as ȝ, see Gyfu.

The letter yogh (ȝogh) (Ȝ ȝ; Scots: yoch; Middle English: ȝogh) was used in Middle English and Older Scots, representing y (/j/) and various velar phonemes. It was derived from the Insular form of the letter g, Ᵹᵹ.

Ȝ
Ȝ ȝ
(See below, Typographic)
Usage
Writing systemLatin script
TypeAlphabetic
Language of originMiddle English language
Latin language
Phonetic usage[g]
[j]
[ŋ]
[ɣ]
[x]
[ç]
[i]
[ʃ]
[ʎ]
[ð]
[dʒ]
History
Development
(speculated origin)
Time period~1150 to ~1500
DescendantsNone
SistersC
G
Г
ג
ج
ܓ
ࠂ
ג
𐡂
Ꝿ
Գ գ
Transliteration equivalentsch, g, gh, j, ng, y
Variations(See below, Typographic)
Other
Other letters commonly used withch, gh, g, j, ng y, z
Writing directionLeft-to-Right
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

In Middle English writing, tailed z came to be indistinguishable from yogh.

In Middle Scots, the character yogh became confused with a cursive z and the early Scots printers often used z when yogh was not available in their fonts.[1] Consequently, some Modern Scots words have a z in place of a yogh—the common surname Menzies was originally written Menȝies (pronounced mingis).

Yogh is shaped similarly to the Cyrillic letter З and the Arabic numeral 3, which are sometimes substituted for the character in online reference works. There is some confusion about the letter in the literature, as the English language was far from standardised at the time. Capital Ȝ is represented in Unicode by code point U+021C Ȝ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH, and lower case ȝ by code point U+021D ȝ LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH.

Pronunciation edit

 
Capital yogh (left), lowercase yogh (right)

In Modern English yogh is pronounced /jɒɡ/, /jɒx/ using short o[2] or /joʊɡ/, /joʊk/, /joʊx/, using long o.[3]

It stood for /ɡ/ and its various allophones—including [ɡ] and the voiced velar fricative [ɣ]—as well as the phoneme /j/ (⟨y⟩ in modern English orthography). In Middle English, it also stood for the phoneme /x/ and its allophone [ç] as in ⟨niȝt⟩ ("night", in an early Middle English way still often pronounced as spelled so: [niçt]), and also represented the phonemes /j/ and /dʒ/. Sometimes, yogh stood for /j/ or /w/, as in the word ⟨ȝoȝelinge⟩ [ˈjowəlɪŋɡə], "yowling".

In Middle Scots, it represented the sound /j/ in the clusters /lj/, /ŋj/ and /nj/ written lȝ and nȝ.[4] Yogh was generally used for /j/ rather than y.

In medieval Cornish manuscripts, yogh was used to represent the voiced dental fricative [ð], as in its ⟨ȝoȝo⟩, now written ⟨dhodho⟩, pronounced [ðoðo].

History edit

 
Yogh used for /x/ in Middle English: God spede þe plouȝ: ⁊ sende us kǫrne inolk. ("God speed the plough: and send us corn enough.")

Old English edit

Further information: Insular G

The original Germanic g sound was expressed by the gyfu rune in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc (which is itself sometimes rendered as ȝ in modern transliteration). Following palatalization, both gyfu and Latin g in Old English expressed the /j/ sound before front vowels. For example, "year" was written as gear, even though the word had never had a g sound (deriving from Proto-Germanic *jērą).

With the re-introduced possibility of a /ɡ/ sound before front vowels, notably in the form of loanwords from the Old Norse (such as gere from Norse gervi, Modern English gear), this orthographical state of affairs became a source for confusion, and a distinction of "real g" (/ɡ/) from "palatalized g" (/j/) became desirable.

In the Old English period, ᵹ was simply the way Latin g was written in the Insular script introduced at the Christianisation of England by the Hiberno-Scottish mission. It only came to be used as a letter distinct from g in the Middle English period, where it evolved in appearance into ȝ, now considered a separate character.

Middle English edit

In the 14th century, the digraph gh arose as an alternative to yogh for /x/, and eventually overtook yogh in popularity; still, the variety of pronunciations persisted, as evidenced by cough, taught, and though.[clarification needed] The process of replacing the yogh with gh was slow, and was not completed until the arrival of printing presses (which lacked yogh) in England around the end of the fifteenth century. Not every English word that contains a gh was originally spelled with a yogh: for example, spaghetti is Italian, where the h makes the g hard (i.e., [ɡ] instead of [dʒ]); ghoul is Arabic, in which the gh was /ɣ/.

The medieval author Orm used this letter in three ways when writing Early Middle English. By itself, it represented /j/, so he used this letter for the y in "yet". Doubled, it represented /i/, so he ended his spelling of "may" with two yoghs. Finally, the digraph of ȝh represented /ɣ/.[5]

In the late Middle English period, yogh was no longer used: niȝt came to be spelled night. Middle English re-imported G in its French form for /ɡ/ (As a further side note, French also used ⟨y⟩ to represent /j/ in words like voyage and yeux).

Scots edit

In words of French and Gaelic origin, the Early Scots palatal consonant /ɲ/ had become /nj/ or in some cases /ŋj/, and the palatal consonant /ʎ/ had become /lj/ by the Middle Scots period.[4] Those were variously written nȝ(h)e, ngȝe, ny(h)e or ny(i)e, and lȝ(h)e, ly(i)e or lyhe (cf. gn and gli in Italian). By the Modern Scots period the yogh had been replaced by the character z, in particular for /ŋj/, /nj/ (nȝ) and /lj/ (lȝ), written nz and lz. The original /hj/ and /çj/ developed into /ʃ(j)/ in some words such as Ȝetland or Zetland for Shetland.[1] Yogh was also used to represent /j/ in words such as ȝe, ȝhistirday (yesterday) and ȝoung but by the Modern Scots period y had replaced yogh.[6] The pronunciation of MacKenzie (and its variant spellings) (from Scottish Gaelic MacCoinnich [maxˈkʰɤɲɪç]), originally pronounced [məˈkɛŋjiː] in Scots,[1] shows where yogh became z. Menzies Campbell is another example.

After the development of printing edit

In Middle Scots orthography, the use of yogh became confused with a cursive z and the early Scots printers often used z when yogh was not available in their fonts.

The yogh glyph can be found in surnames that start with a Y in Scotland and Ireland; for example the surname Yeoman, which would have been spelled Ȝeman. Sometimes, the yogh would be replaced by the letter z, because the shape of the yogh was identical to some forms of handwritten z.

In Unicode 1.0, the character yogh was mistakenly unified with the quite different character ezh (Ʒ ʒ), and yogh itself was not added to Unicode until version 3.0.

Examples of Middle English words containing a yogh edit

These are examples of Middle English words that contain the letter yogh in their spellings.[7]

Scots words with ⟨z⟩ for ⟨ȝ⟩ edit

Placenames edit

Surnames edit

See also:

  • Gilhaize – a seemingly invented surname used for the eponymous protagonist of John Galt's Ringan Gilhaize
  • Layamon – now written as pronounced although frequently rendered with a yogh as Laȝamon up to the early 1900s in literary referents;[18]

Miscellaneous nouns edit

  • Assoilzie – pronounced with a silent z – in Scots law: acquittal or ruling in favour of the defender in a civil matter;
  • Brulzie – with a variety of spellings including bruilzie and broolzie – a commotion or noisy quarrel – possibly related to Brulyie to broil;[19]
  • Capercailzie – the Scots spelling of capercaillie (IPA /ˌkæpərˈkeɪli/) from the Gaelic capall-coille ([kʰaʰpəl̪ˠˈkʰɤʎə]) meaning "forest horse";
  • Gaberlunzie – most correctly pronounced gaberlunyie (IPA /ɡæbərˈlʌnji/) but now often pronounced as written, a licensed beggar;
  • Spulzie — pronounced spooly with a variety of spellings including spuilzie and spulyie, both the taking of movable goods and the term for a process of restitution for such crimes;
  • Tailzie – pronounced [ˈteɪli] in Scots law: a defunct since 2000 term for an entailed estate/interest in one;
  • Tuilzie – now standardised to Tulyie a struggle or fight, from the Old French 'toeillier' meaning to strive, dispute or struggle;[20]
  • Ulzie – pronounced ooly, oil. Found in reference to 'The Ulzie Ball' held by Longforgan weavers once daylight had returned sufficiently to allow work without the use of oil lamps.[21]

In Egyptology edit

A Unicode-based transliteration system adopted by the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale[22] suggested the use of the yogh ȝ character as the transliteration of the Ancient Egyptian "aleph" glyph:

The symbol actually used in Egyptology is  , two half-rings opening to the left. Since Unicode 5.1, it has been assigned its own codepoints (uppercase U+A722 Ꜣ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF, lowercase U+A723 ꜣ LATIN SMALL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF); a fallback is the numeral 3.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Z", DSL: Dictionary of the Scots Language / Dictionar o the Scots Leid, UK.
  2. ^ "yogh". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  3. ^ Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th ed.).
  4. ^ a b DOST: A History of Scots to 1700, UK: DSL[permanent dead link].
  5. ^ Crystal, David (2004-09-09). The Stories of English. New York: Overlook Press. p. 197. ISBN 1-58567-601-2.
  6. ^ Kniezsa, V (1997), Jones, C (ed.), The Edinburgh history of the Scots language, Edinburgh University Press, p. 38.
  7. ^ OED online.
  8. ^ "English gilds: the original ordinances of more than one hundred early English gilds", Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse, University of Michigan, 1999, retrieved 2011-06-23
  9. ^ Piers Plowman, Wikisource.
  10. ^ "Dalmunzie Castle Hotel". Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  11. ^ "Culmalzie | Canmore". canmore.org.uk.
  12. ^ "Munzie Well | Canmore". canmore.org.uk.
  13. ^ "Pitcalzean | Canmore". canmore.org.uk.
  14. ^ "Corriemulzie Estate - Scottish Highlands Lodge & Cottage - Trout & Salmon Fishing, Red Deer Stalking". corriemulzieestate.com.
  15. ^ Morgan, James (17 October 2011). In Search of Alan Gilzean. BackPage Press. ISBN 9780956497116 – via Google Books.
  16. ^ Black, George (1946), The Surnames of Scotland, p. 525.
  17. ^ Hanks, P (2003), Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press.
  18. ^ Eaton, Lucy Allen (1960), Studies in the fairy mythology of Arthurian romance, Burt Franklin, p. vii.
  19. ^ . scottishreview.net. Archived from the original on 2021-06-25. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
  20. ^ "Dictionaries of the Scots Language". dsl.ac.uk.
  21. ^ "Dictionaries of the Scots Language". dsl.ac.uk.
  22. ^ "Polices de caractères". Institut français d'archéologie orientale – Le Caire (in French). Retrieved 13 September 2014.

External links edit

 
Look up yogh in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Everson, Michael, "On the derivation of Yogh and Ezh" (essay), Standards, Evertype
  • "Why is Menzies pronounced Mingis?", BBC News, UK: The BBC, 2006-01-10, retrieved 2018-09-12.

January 19, 2024
yogh, this, article, about, middle, english, letter, number, letter, anglo, saxon, rune, transcribed, gyfu, letter, yogh, ȝogh, scots, yoch, middle, english, ȝogh, used, middle, english, older, scots, representing, various, velar, phonemes, derived, from, insu. This article is about the Middle English letter ȝ For the number see 3 For the IPA letter ʒ see Ezh For the Anglo Saxon rune transcribed as ȝ see Gyfu The letter yogh ȝogh Ȝ ȝ Scots yoch Middle English ȝogh was used in Middle English and Older Scots representing y j and various velar phonemes It was derived from the Insular form of the letter g Ᵹᵹ ȜȜ ȝ See below Typographic UsageWriting systemLatin scriptTypeAlphabeticLanguage of originMiddle English languageLatin languagePhonetic usage g j ŋ ɣ x c i ʃ ʎ d dʒ HistoryDevelopment speculated origin G g𐌂CG gꝽ ᵹȜ ȝTime period 1150 to 1500DescendantsNoneSistersCGGגجܓࠂג𐡂ꝾԳ գTransliteration equivalentsch g gh j ng yVariations See below Typographic OtherOther letters commonly used withch gh g j ng y zWriting directionLeft to RightThis article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters In Middle English writing tailed z came to be indistinguishable from yogh In Middle Scots the character yogh became confused with a cursive z and the early Scots printers often used z when yogh was not available in their fonts 1 Consequently some Modern Scots words have a z in place of a yogh the common surname Menzies was originally written Menȝies pronounced mingis Yogh is shaped similarly to the Cyrillic letter Z and the Arabic numeral 3 which are sometimes substituted for the character in online reference works There is some confusion about the letter in the literature as the English language was far from standardised at the time Capital Ȝ is represented in Unicode by code point U 021C Ȝ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH and lower case ȝ by code point U 021D ȝ LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH Contents 1 Pronunciation 2 History 2 1 Old English 2 2 Middle English 2 3 Scots 2 4 After the development of printing 3 Examples of Middle English words containing a yogh 4 Scots words with z for ȝ 4 1 Placenames 4 2 Surnames 4 3 Miscellaneous nouns 5 In Egyptology 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksPronunciation edit nbsp Capital yogh left lowercase yogh right In Modern English yogh is pronounced j ɒ ɡ j ɒ x using short o 2 or j oʊ ɡ j oʊ k j oʊ x using long o 3 It stood for ɡ and its various allophones including ɡ and the voiced velar fricative ɣ as well as the phoneme j y in modern English orthography In Middle English it also stood for the phoneme x and its allophone c as in niȝt night in an early Middle English way still often pronounced as spelled so nict and also represented the phonemes j and dʒ Sometimes yogh stood for j or w as in the word ȝoȝelinge ˈjowelɪŋɡe yowling In Middle Scots it represented the sound j in the clusters lj ŋj and nj written lȝ and nȝ 4 Yogh was generally used for j rather than y In medieval Cornish manuscripts yogh was used to represent the voiced dental fricative d as in its ȝoȝo now written dhodho pronounced dodo History edit nbsp Yogh used for x in Middle English God spede the plouȝ sende us kǫrne inolk God speed the plough and send us corn enough Old English edit Further information Insular G The original Germanic g sound was expressed by the gyfu rune in the Anglo Saxon futhorc which is itself sometimes rendered as ȝ in modern transliteration Following palatalization both gyfu and Latin g in Old English expressed the j sound before front vowels For example year was written as gear even though the word had never had a g sound deriving from Proto Germanic jera With the re introduced possibility of a ɡ sound before front vowels notably in the form of loanwords from the Old Norse such as gere from Norse gervi Modern English gear this orthographical state of affairs became a source for confusion and a distinction of real g ɡ from palatalized g j became desirable In the Old English period ᵹ was simply the way Latin g was written in the Insular script introduced at the Christianisation of England by the Hiberno Scottish mission It only came to be used as a letter distinct from g in the Middle English period where it evolved in appearance into ȝ now considered a separate character Middle English edit In the 14th century the digraph gh arose as an alternative to yogh for x and eventually overtook yogh in popularity still the variety of pronunciations persisted as evidenced by cough taught and though clarification needed The process of replacing the yogh with gh was slow and was not completed until the arrival of printing presses which lacked yogh in England around the end of the fifteenth century Not every English word that contains a gh was originally spelled with a yogh for example spaghetti is Italian where the h makes the g hard i e ɡ instead of dʒ ghoul is Arabic in which the gh was ɣ The medieval author Orm used this letter in three ways when writing Early Middle English By itself it represented j so he used this letter for the y in yet Doubled it represented i so he ended his spelling of may with two yoghs Finally the digraph of ȝh represented ɣ 5 In the late Middle English period yogh was no longer used niȝt came to be spelled night Middle English re imported G in its French form for ɡ As a further side note French also used y to represent j in words like voyage and yeux Scots edit In words of French and Gaelic origin the Early Scots palatal consonant ɲ had become nj or in some cases ŋj and the palatal consonant ʎ had become lj by the Middle Scots period 4 Those were variously written nȝ h e ngȝe ny h e or ny i e and lȝ h e ly i e or lyhe cf gn and gli in Italian By the Modern Scots period the yogh had been replaced by the character z in particular for ŋj nj nȝ and lj lȝ written nz and lz The original hj and cj developed into ʃ j in some words such as Ȝetland or Zetland for Shetland 1 Yogh was also used to represent j in words such as ȝe ȝhistirday yesterday and ȝoung but by the Modern Scots period y had replaced yogh 6 The pronunciation of MacKenzie and its variant spellings from Scottish Gaelic MacCoinnich maxˈkʰɤɲɪc originally pronounced meˈkɛŋjiː in Scots 1 shows where yogh became z Menzies Campbell is another example After the development of printing edit In Middle Scots orthography the use of yogh became confused with a cursive z and the early Scots printers often used z when yogh was not available in their fonts The yogh glyph can be found in surnames that start with a Y in Scotland and Ireland for example the surname Yeoman which would have been spelled Ȝeman Sometimes the yogh would be replaced by the letter z because the shape of the yogh was identical to some forms of handwritten z In Unicode 1 0 the character yogh was mistakenly unified with the quite different character ezh Ʒ ʒ and yogh itself was not added to Unicode until version 3 0 Examples of Middle English words containing a yogh editThese are examples of Middle English words that contain the letter yogh in their spellings 7 niȝt night yȝe eye ȝha yea yhalȝed hallowed ȝhat gate ȝhe i d e past tense of go which in ME is often yede yȝ e i ld e yȝened past participles of yield and yean yherber e ȝed harboured ȝhere ear yhyȝed hied hastened ȝiefte gift ȝif if 8 ȝise yes ȝista i y yesterday ȝister yester ȝit e yet ȝive give or if wrouȝte wrought 9 Scots words with z for ȝ editPlacenames edit Adziel a farm steading near Strichen in Aberdeenshire that lends its name to nearby Adziel Wood and Adziel House Auchenbainzie a farm steading and hill near Penpont in Dumfries and Galloway Auchenzeoch a farm steading near Fordoun in Aberdeenshire Aucholzie a settlement in Glenmuick Aberdeenshire from the Scottish Gaelic achadh coille meaning the field of the wood also the adjacent stream Allt Cholzie and nearby ruined farmstead Mill of Aucholzie Barncailzie Wood a Wood in Galloway that lends its name to a former hunting lodge Ben Chonzie a mountain in Perthshire Branzet Moss a moor next to a ruined farm steading Branzet on Bute Branziert a suburb of Killearn in Stirlingshire The Branziet pronounced bringit IPA b r ɪ ŋ ɪ t a farm and settlement near Bardowie East Dunbartonshire that lends its name to the Branziet Burn and Branziet Bridge Bunzion pronounced bunion IPA b ʌ n j e n Lower and Upper Bunzion are farms in the Parish of Cults Fife Cadzow the former name of the town of Hamilton South Lanarkshire the word Cadzow continues in modern use in many street names and other names e g Cadzow Castle Kilncadzow Calzeat an obsolete place name from the Parish of Broughton Glenholm and Kilbucho in Peebleshire which since 1971 has leant its name to textile manufacturer Calzeat and Company Limited Calziebohalzie a former farmstead in Stirlingshire with a rare instance of a word containing two yoghs from the Scottish Gaelic Coille Buachaille Scottish Gaelic pronunciation kʰɤʎeˈpuexɪʎe Cockenzie pronounced cockennie IPA koˈkɪni from the Scottish Gaelic Cuil Choinnich meaning cove of Kenneth a town in East Lothian Colzium Estate now pronounced as written a historic estate and mansion house built on the banks of the Colzium Burn near Kilsyth Crailzie Hill a hill in the Scottish Borders Cultezeoun a farm in Carrick South Ayrshire from the Scottish Gaelic cul tighe Euain meaning the back of Euan s house the home of Margaret McMurray Culzean pronounced culain IPA k ʌ ˈ l eɪ n a historic castle in Ayrshire run by the National trust for Scotland Dalmunzie now pronounced as written a historic castle in Perthshire repurposed as a hotel 10 Dalzellowlie Dallzellowlie or Dalziellily a colliery located between Maybole and Girvan in South Ayrshire whose deposits were contested between the estates of Culzean and Kilhenzie and were set on fire more than once burning for many decades and becoming known as Burning Hills Drumelzier pronounced drumellier IPA d r ʌ ˈ m ɛ l j ɛ r a village in the Tweed Valley that shares its name with Drumelzier Castle Drumelzier Kirk the Drumelzier Burn and Drumelzier Law Drunzie and Drunzie Feus two adjacent settlements near Glenfarg in Perth and Kinross Easter Dalziel pronounced deeyel IPA d iː ˈ ɛ l from Gaelic Dail Gheal t alˈʝal ˠ meaning white field Edzell now pronounced as written a village in Angus and the nearby settlement Edzell Woods Falgunzeon a farm in Dumfries and Galloway that lends its name to the adjacent Falgunzeon Hill Finzean pronounced fingen IPA ˈ f ɪ ŋ e n an area in rural Aberdeenshire Hill of Foulzie near Macduff in Aberdeenshire and four surrounding farm steadings Foulzie Backhill of Foulzie Over Foulzie and Newton of Foulzie Funzie pronounced finnie IPA ˈ f ɪ n i a village on Fetlar that lends its name to nearby Funzie Ness Funzie Bay Haa of Funzie Loch of Funzie Muckle Funziegord Geo and the historic dividing wall Funzie Girt Gartwhinzean a historic settlement near Crook of Devon in Perth and Kinross Glazert Water a tributary of the River Kelvin which lends its name to a Country House Hotel and two streets in Lennoxtown Glazert Burn a tributary of the River Irvine in North Ayrshire Glenrazie a small settlement near Newton Stewart Dumfries amp Galloway which lends its name to Glenrazie Woods to the north Glenzier pronounced glinger IPA ˈ ɡ l ɪ ŋ er a village in Dumfries amp Galloway which lends its name to Glenzierfoot and the Glenzier Burn Henzie Burn a burn a tributary to the River Almond Perth and Kinross which originates in a high corrie Corry Henzie Inzie Head a headland on the Aberdeenshire coast south east of St Combs Kailzie Gardens a historic walled garden named after Kailzie Hill and Kailzie Hope near Kirkburn Scottish Borders Kilchenzie or Kilkenzie a small settlement on the Kintyre peninsula from Choinnich Scottish Gaelic pronunciation ˈxɤɲɪc the genitive of Coinneach Scottish Gaelic pronunciation ˈkʰɤɲex Kenneth Kilhenzie Castle pronounced kilhinny a late medieval baronial keep in Carrick South Ayrshire also from Choinnich and which takes its name from the surrounding features Kilhenzie Burn Kilhenzie Wood and the Back Hill of Kilhenzie Kilrenzie a remote settlement in the parish of Colmonell in South Ayrshire Kirkgunzeon pronounced kirkgunion IPA k ɜːr k ɡ ʌ n j e n a village and civil parish in Dumfries and Galloway that lends its name to the adjacent stream Kirkgunzeon Lane and the nearby Isles of Kirkgunzeon Farm and Cottage Lenzie now pronounced as written IPA ˈ l ɛ n z ɪ but previously lenyie IPA ˈ l ɛ n j ɪ a village near Glasgow Lochranza pronounced as written but found as Loch Ranga as recently as the late 19th century a village on the Isle of Arran Malzie or Culmalzie sometimes Culmazie a site in The Machars in Dumfries amp Galloway somewhat dubiously supposed to relate to Saint Mhaillidh 11 which lends its name to the Water of Malzie a tributary of the River Bladnoch and Corsemalzie a nearby country house hotel Menzie Cleugh a gully or ravine in the sea cliff near Coldingham in the Borders reputedly derived from the name of a person who resided there Menzion a village in the Borders Menzieshill an area of Dundee Monzie pronounced money IPA ˈ m ʌ n i from the Gaelic Moighidh a level tract a parish in Perthshire near Crieff which lends its name to Monzie Castle and the Falls of Monzie Monzievaird with competing etymologies but supposed to be from the Gaelic Maghbhard plain of the bards a place in Perthshire the site of the Massacre of Monzievaird and which lends its name to Loch Monzievaird Moonzie a parish in Fife generally supposed to be from Gaelic and meaning hill of the deer Munzie Well a holy well dedicated to St Mungo 12 in Whitelee Forest East Renfrewshire also Munzie Burn and Munzie Hill Portencalzie a small settlement near Kirkcolm on the Rhins of Galloway Pinzarie pronounced pingery a farm steading and ruined farm steading Old Pinzarie underneath Pinzarie Hill upstream from Tynron on the course of the Shinnel Water Pitcalzean an obscure archaeological enclosure near the village of Nigg Highland 13 that lends its name to nearby Pitcalzean House Queenzieburn pronounced queenieburn IPA k w iː n i b ɜːr n a village in Lanarkshire Ruchazie now pronounced as written IPA r ʌ x ˈ h eɪ z ɪ a district of Glasgow Strath Mulzie and Corriemulzie a broad glen and the river that runs through it in Sutherland that lends its name to the Corriemulzie Estate 14 Terringzean Castle pronounced tringan IPA ˈ t r ɪ ŋ e n but with a variety of recorded spellings a castle in East Ayrshire Ulzieside an estate and farm near Sanquhar in Dumfries and Galloway Velzie a small settlement on Fetlar Zell archaic spelling of the island of Yell Zetland the name for Shetland until the 1970s Shetland postcodes begin with the letters ZE Surnames edit Alzie a surname historically found in Renfrewshire Glasgow and Lanarkshire and possibly an alternate spelling of Algie The name fell into disuse in the early nineteenth century Cadzow see placename Dalziel pronounced deeyel IPA d iː ˈ ɛ l or dehyell from Gaelic Dail Gheal t alˈʝal ˠ also spelled Dalyell and Dalzell Gilzean pronounced gilain a variant of Maclean from Gaelic MacGilleEathain maxkʲɪˈʎe ɛɲ However many now pronounce the z including footballer Alan Gilzean 15 Malzie a now defunct surname possibly related to the Dumfries amp Galloway placename McFadzean pronounced macfadyen IPA m e k ˈ f ɑː d j ɪ n scotticised version of the Gaelic surname MacPhaidin also found primarily in Ireland anglicised as MacFadden MacKenzie now pronounced as written though as late as 1946 George Black recorded the original form pronounced makenyie IPA m e ˈ k ɛ ŋ j i from the Gaelic MacCoinnich maxˈkʰɤɲɪc as standard 16 Menzies most correctly for example by Sir Robert Menzies pronounced mingis IPA ˈ m ɪ ŋ ɪ s 17 now also pronounced with z Winzet pronounced winyet IPA ˈ w ɪ n j e t See also Gilhaize a seemingly invented surname used for the eponymous protagonist of John Galt s Ringan Gilhaize Layamon now written as pronounced although frequently rendered with a yogh as Laȝamon up to the early 1900s in literary referents 18 Miscellaneous nouns edit Assoilzie pronounced with a silent z in Scots law acquittal or ruling in favour of the defender in a civil matter Brulzie with a variety of spellings including bruilzie and broolzie a commotion or noisy quarrel possibly related to Brulyie to broil 19 Capercailzie the Scots spelling of capercaillie IPA ˌ k ae p er ˈ k eɪ l i from the Gaelic capall coille kʰaʰpel ˠˈkʰɤʎe meaning forest horse Gaberlunzie most correctly pronounced gaberlunyie IPA ɡ ae b er ˈ l ʌ n j i but now often pronounced as written a licensed beggar Spulzie pronounced spooly with a variety of spellings including spuilzie and spulyie both the taking of movable goods and the term for a process of restitution for such crimes Tailzie pronounced ˈteɪli in Scots law a defunct since 2000 term for an entailed estate interest in one Tuilzie now standardised to Tulyie a struggle or fight from the Old French toeillier meaning to strive dispute or struggle 20 Ulzie pronounced ooly oil Found in reference to The Ulzie Ball held by Longforgan weavers once daylight had returned sufficiently to allow work without the use of oil lamps 21 In Egyptology editA Unicode based transliteration system adopted by the Institut Francais d Archeologie Orientale 22 suggested the use of the yogh ȝ character as the transliteration of the Ancient Egyptian aleph glyph The symbol actually used in Egyptology is nbsp two half rings opening to the left Since Unicode 5 1 it has been assigned its own codepoints uppercase U A722 Ꜣ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF lowercase U A723 ꜣ LATIN SMALL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF a fallback is the numeral 3 See also editOld English Latin alphabetReferences edit a b c Z DSL Dictionary of the Scots Language Dictionar o the Scots Leid UK yogh Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Merriam Webster s Collegiate Dictionary 10th ed a b DOST A History of Scots to 1700 UK DSL permanent dead link Crystal David 2004 09 09 The Stories of English New York Overlook Press p 197 ISBN 1 58567 601 2 Kniezsa V 1997 Jones C ed The Edinburgh history of the Scots language Edinburgh University Press p 38 OED online English gilds the original ordinances of more than one hundred early English gilds Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse University of Michigan 1999 retrieved 2011 06 23 Piers Plowman Wikisource Dalmunzie Castle Hotel Retrieved 14 September 2017 Culmalzie Canmore canmore org uk Munzie Well Canmore canmore org uk Pitcalzean Canmore canmore org uk Corriemulzie Estate Scottish Highlands Lodge amp Cottage Trout amp Salmon Fishing Red Deer Stalking corriemulzieestate com Morgan James 17 October 2011 In Search of Alan Gilzean BackPage Press ISBN 9780956497116 via Google Books Black George 1946 The Surnames of Scotland p 525 Hanks P 2003 Dictionary of American Family Names Oxford University Press Eaton Lucy Allen 1960 Studies in the fairy mythology of Arthurian romance Burt Franklin p vii Scots word of the month scottishreview net Archived from the original on 2021 06 25 Retrieved 2021 06 25 Dictionaries of the Scots Language dsl ac uk Dictionaries of the Scots Language dsl ac uk Polices de caracteres Institut francais d archeologie orientale Le Caire in French Retrieved 13 September 2014 External links edit nbsp Language portal nbsp England portal nbsp Scotland portal nbsp Look up yogh in Wiktionary the free dictionary Everson Michael On the derivation of Yogh and Ezh essay Standards Evertype Why is Menzies pronounced Mingis BBC News UK The BBC 2006 01 10 retrieved 2018 09 12 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yogh amp oldid 1193416431, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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