Uusimaa
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Finnish. (February 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Uusimaa (Finnish: [ˈuːsimɑː]; Swedish: Nyland, Finland Swedish: [ˈnyːlɑnd]; both lit. 'new land') is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme), Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme), and Kymenlaakso. Finland's capital and largest city, Helsinki, along with the surrounding Greater Helsinki area, are both contained in the region, and Uusimaa is Finland's most populous region. The population of Uusimaa is 1,734,000.
Uusimaa Nyland | |
|---|---|
| Region of Uusimaa Uudenmaan maakunta (Finnish) Landskapet Nyland (Swedish) | |
Flag Coat of arms | |
| Anthem: Uusmaalaisten laulu | |
Uusimaa in red on a map of Finland | |
| Coordinates: 60°15′N 24°30′E / 60.250°N 24.500°ECoordinates: 60°15′N 24°30′E / 60.250°N 24.500°E | |
| Country | Finland |
| Historical province | Uusimaa |
| Capital | Helsinki |
| Government | |
| • Regional Mayor | Ossi Savolainen |
| • President of the Council | Eero Heinäluoma |
| Area | |
| • Total | 9,568 km2 (3,694 sq mi) |
| Population (December 31, 2022) | |
| • Total | 1,734,000[1] |
| • Density | 181/km2 (470/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | uusmaalainen (Finnish) nylänning (Swedish) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | FI-18 |
| NUTS | 181 |
| – HDI (2021) | 0.960[2] very high |
| Regional bird | Blackbird |
| Regional fish | Zander |
| Regional flower | Windflower |
| Regional animal | European hedgehog |
| Regional stone | Hornblende |
| Regional lake | Lake Tuusula |
| Website | uudenmaanliitto.fi |
While predominantly Finnish-speaking, Uusimaa has the highest total number of native speakers of Swedish in Finland even at a much lower share than two other regions.
History
The place name of Nuuksio derives from the Sami word njukča which means 'swan'.[3] Later Finns proper and Tavastians inhabited the area. Some place names have traces of Tavastian village names, like Konala, which likely derives from the older Tavastian village name Konhola.[4] Estonians inhabited the region to a smaller extent, specifically for seasonal fishing.[5]
Swedish colonisation of coastal Uusimaa started after the second crusade to Finland in the 13th century.[6][7] The colonisation was part of converting pagan areas to Catholicism. Eastern Uusimaa had its first Christian Swedish colonialists earlier than the western part, which got its colonialists in one mass transfer of people to Porvoo in the 14th century. The colonisation was supported by the Swedish kingdom and the immigrants were provided with grain seeds and cattle. They also got a four-year tax exemption from the crown.[5] All the Swedish place names of Uusimaa date back to this period.[8]
The names Uusimaa and Nyland, meaning 'new land' in English, derived from the Swedish colonisation era. The Swedish-language name Nyland appears in the documents from the 14th century. The Finnish-language name Uusimaa appears for the first time in 1548 as Wsimaa in the first translation of the New Testament to Finnish by Mikael Agricola.[9] Much of Uusimaa is literally new – it has risen off the Baltic sea due to post-glacial rebound.
The Finnish provinces were ceded to Imperial Russia in the War of Finland in 1809. After this, Uusimaa became the Province of Uusimaa in the old lääni system. From 1997 to 2010, Uusimaa was a part of the Province of Southern Finland. In 1994 it was divided into the regions of Uusimaa and Eastern Uusimaa, but in 2011 the two regions were merged as Uusimaa.[10]
Economy
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 91.2 billion € in 2018, accounting for 38.9% of Finnish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 43,500 € or 144% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 120% of the EU average.[11]
Languages
Uusimaa is a bilingual region, with municipalities both bilingual in Finnish and Swedish, and monolingual in Finnish. Uusimaa's coastal areas tend to be Swedish-speaking. The traditional regional dialects of Swedish (nyländska) are currently[when?] mostly spoken in Eastern Uusimaa, while in the rest of the Uusimaa Swedish dialect has become more standardised.
The Finnish-speaking population started to grow when the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved from Turku to Helsinki by the Emperor of Russia Alexander I in 1812, and the region attracted settlers from other parts of Finland. Helsinki's slang first evolved in the late 19th century. 7.6% of the population of the region speaks the Swedish language natively.
Due to immigration, many foreign languages[note 1] are spoken in Uusimaa. 15.5% speak a foreign language as their mother tongue, the highest proportion in Finland and 58% of all foreign-language speakers in Finland. The figure was 1.1% in 1990, 3.9% in 2000, 8.0% in 2010 and 11.3% in 2015. Meanwhile, the proportion of Finnish and Swedish speakers has decreased from 87.6% and 11.3% in 1990 to 76.9% and 7.6% in 2021 respectively. On a municipal level, the highest shares of foreign speakers are in Vantaa (23.0%), Espoo (20.1%), Helsinki (17.3%) and Kerava (13.5%). The lowest share is in Pukkila (3.0%).
The most spoken foreign languages are Russian (2.5%), Estonian (2.0%), Arabic (1.2%) and Somali (1.1%). Other languages include English, Chinese, Albanian, Persian, Kurdish, Vietnamese, Spanish, Turkish, Thai, Tagalog, German, Nepali, Bengali, French, Romanian, Urdu, Hindi, Portuguese, Ukrainian, Italian, Polish, Tamil, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Swahili, Amharic, Serbo-Croatian, Latvian, Japanese, Dutch, Uzbek and Greek, all with over 1,000 speakers.[13]
Health
In late March 2020, the region of Uusimaa went into lockdown to isolated from the rest of Finland due to the global COVID-19 pandemic (2020/21).[14]
Regional council
The regional council is the main governing body for the region and focuses primarily on urban planning. Like all regional councils, it is mandated by law.
Municipalities
The region of Uusimaa is made up of 26 municipalities, of which 13 have city status (marked in bold).[15]
| Helsinki Sub-region:
| Loviisa Sub-region:
Porvoo Sub-region:
Raseborg Sub-region:
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Politics
The results of the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election in the Uusimaa constituency) are:[16]
- National Coalition Party: 26.2%
- Social Democratic Party: 19.2%
- Finns Party: 18.2%
- Swedish People's Party: 8.7%
- Green League: 7.6%
- Centre Party: 4.8%
- Left Alliance: 4.6%
- Movement Now: 3.7%
- Christian Democrats: 3.5%
The results of the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election in the Helsinki constituency are:[17]
- National Coalition Party: 26.5%
- Social Democratic Party: 20.8%
- Green League: 15.3%
- Left Alliance: 11.8%
- Finns Party: 11.3%
- Swedish People's Party: 5.1%
- Movement Now: 2.3%
- Christian Democrats: 1.9%
- Centre Party: 1.6%
Heraldry
The coat of arms of the province is Azure, a boat Or between two fesses wavy Argent[citation needed] (a golden boat which is a symbol for the coastal areas, and two silver wavy fesses which are the symbol for rivers.)
Uusimaa received its coat of arms at the end of the 16th century. There is an image of the coat of arms made in 1599. In 1997, the traditional coat of arms became the official coat of arms of the region.
Media
Newspapers
The largest subscription newspapers published in the region are Helsingin Sanomat and Hufvudstadsbladet in Helsinki, Aamuposti in Hyvinkää, Länsi-Uusimaa in Lohja, Loviisan Sanomat and Östra Nyland in Loviisa, Uusimaa and Borgåbladet in Porvoo, Västra Nyland in Raseborg, and Keski-Uusimaa in Tuusula. Also two popular tabloid newspapers, Iltalehti and Ilta-Sanomat, are published there.
Radio stations
Yle's local radio stations in the western part of the region are the Finnish-language Ylen läntinen and Swedish-language Yle Vega Västnyland, in the Capital Region the Finnish-language Yle Radio Suomi Helsinki and Swedish-language Yle Vega Huvudstadsregionen, and in the eastern part the Finnish-language Yle Radio Itä-Uusimaa (discontinued) and Swedish-language Yle Vega Östnyland.
See also
Notes
- ^ A language other than Finnish, Swedish or one of the Sami languages.
References
- ^ "Preliminary population structure by Month, Area, Sex, Age and Information". StatFin. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
- ^ Tarkiainen, Kari (2010). Ruotsin itämaa (in Finnish). Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. p. 120.
- ^ Ainiala, Terhi; Saarelma, Minna; Sjöblom, Paula (2008). Nimistötutkimuksen perusteet (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. p. 66.
- ^ a b Tarkiainen, Kari (2010). Ruotsin itämaa (in Finnish). Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. pp. 119–136.
- ^ V.-P. Suhonen and Janne Heinonen (2011). "Helsingin keskiaikaiset ja uuden ajan alun kylänpaikat 2011, Inventointiraportti 2011. Museovirasto" (PDF).
- ^ Tarkiainen, Kari (2010). Ruotsin itämaa. Porvoo: Svenska litteratussällskapet i Finland. pp. 122–125. ISBN 9789515832122.
- ^ Ainiala, Terhi; Saarelma, Minna; Sjöblom, Paula (2008). Nimistötutkimuksen perusteet (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. p. 68.
- ^ Uusimaa Regional Council (May 12, 2010). (in Swedish). Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
- ^ (in Finnish). Finnish Ministry of Finance. October 22, 2009. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011.
- ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.
- ^ "Väestö". Stat.fi: Statistics – Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2017. Retrieved November 26, 2018.
- ^ "Language according to age and sex by region, 1990-2021". Statistics Finland. Statistics Finland. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
- ^ . News Now Finland. Archived from the original on April 9, 2020.
- ^ "Regional Council – Uudenmaan liitto". www.uudenmaanliitto.fi. March 5, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
- ^ "Electoral district of Uusimaa, results 2023". Ministry of Justice - Information and Result Service. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
- ^ "Electoral district of Helsinki, results 2023". Ministry of Justice - Information and Result Service. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
Further reading
- Åke Granlund (1979), Studier över östnyländska ortnamn / Åke Granlund., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113528530
- Greta Hausen (1920), Nylands ortnamn, deras former och förekomst till år 1600. 1 / Greta Hausen., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113518924
- Greta Hausen (1922), Nylands ortnamn, deras former och förekomst till år 1600. 2 / Greta Hausen., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113518944
- Greta Hausen (1924), Nylands ortnamn, deras former och förekomst till år 1600. 3 / Greta Hausen., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113518968
- Gunvor Kerkkonen (1945), Västnyländsk kustbebyggelse under medeltiden / Gunvor Kerkkonen., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113526340¨
- Arnold Nordling (1938), Iakttagelser över västnyländsk accent / Arnold Nordling., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113519092
- Rolf Pipping; Hugo Pipping (1928), Anteckningar om nyländska ortnamn / Rolf Pipping., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113518993
- Ebba Selenius (1972), Västnyländsk ordaccent / Ebba Selenius., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113528492
External links
- Uusimaa Regional Council