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Anemonoides nemorosa

January 01, 1970

Anemonoides nemorosa (syn. Anemone nemorosa), the wood anemone, is an early-spring flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe.[1] Other common names include windflower, European thimbleweed,[2] and smell fox, an allusion to the musky smell of the leaves.[3] It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing 5–15 cm (2–6 in) tall.

Anemonoides nemorosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Anemonoides
Species:
A. nemorosa
Binomial name
Anemonoides nemorosa
(L.) Holub
Synonyms[1]
  • Anemanthus nemorosus (L.) Fourr.
  • Anemonanthea nemorosa (L.) Gray
  • Anemone nemorosa L.
  • Anemone nemorosa f. vulgaris Ulbr.
  • Anemone nemorosa-alba Crantz
  • Anemone pentaphylla Hook. ex Pritz.
  • Pulsatilla nemorosa (L.) Schrank

Description edit

 
Typical flower

Anemonoides nemorosa is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant less than 30 centimetres (12 in) in height. The compound basal leaves are palmate or ternate (divided into three lobes).[4]: 106  They grow from underground root-like stems called rhizomes and die back down by mid summer (summer dormant).

The plants start blooming in spring, March to May in the British Isles[5]: 28  soon after the foliage emerges from the ground. The flowers are solitary, held above the foliage on short stems, with a whorl of three palmate or palmately-lobed leaflike bracts beneath. The flowers are 2 centimetres (0.8 in) diameter, with six or seven (and on rare occasions eight to ten) tepals (petal-like segments) with many stamens. In the wild the flowers are usually white but may be pinkish, lilac or blue, and often have a darker tint on the backs of the tepals.

Similar species edit

The yellow wood anemone (Anemonoides ranunculoides) is slightly smaller, with yellow flowers and usually without basal leaves.[4]

Wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, which grows in similar shaded places, can be readily distinguished by its 3-parted, clover-like leaves and smaller flowers with only white petals and 5 sepals.[5][6]

Distribution and habitat edit

 
Eight A. nemorosas in the coat of arms of Raseborg

The native range of Anemonoides nemorosa extends across Europe to western Asia, reaching as far south as the Caucasus Mountains in Turkey. It has been introduced into New Zealand and elsewhere.[1] In North America, there are naturalized populations at well-known sites in Newfoundland, Quebec, and Massachusetts.[7][8]

A. nemorosa is often found in shady woods.[6] The species is common in the British Isles[5] but it spreads very slowly there, by as little as six feet per century, so it is often used as an indicator for ancient woodland.[9]

Ecology edit

 
Pollination

The flowers are pollinated by insects, especially hoverflies.[10] The seeds are achenes.[4]

In cultivation edit

Many cultivars have been selected for garden use, The RHS Plant Finder 2008–2009 lists 70 cultivars sold by nurseries in the UK. Some of the most widely available are:

 
Anemonoides × lipsiensis, center, with its parents, A. nemorosa, left, and A.ranunculoides, right
  • 'Alba Plena' - double white
  • 'Allenii'agm[11] - large lavender-blue flowers, often with seven petals (named after James Allen, nurseryman)
  • 'Bowles' Purple' - purple flowers (named after E.A. Bowles, plantsman and garden writer)
  • 'Bracteata Pleniflora' - double, white flowers, with green streaks and a frilly ruff of bracts
  • 'Robinsoniana'agm[12] - pale lavender-blue flowers (named after William Robinson, plantsman and garden writer)
  • 'Royal Blue' - deep blue flowers with purple backs
  • 'Vestal'agm[13] - white, anemone-centred flowers
  • 'Virescens'agm[14] - flowers mutated into small conical clusters of leaves

Those marked agm are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Anemonoides × lipsiensis, a hybrid between A. nemorosa and A. ranunculoides,[15] has pale yellow flowers; A. × lipsiensis 'Pallida' is the best-known result of this cross. It has also been awarded the AGM.[16]

Gallery edit

  •  
    Anemonoides nemorosa in Flemingsbergsskogens naturreservat, Sweden
  •  
    Form in Chemnitz, Germany
  •  
    Colonial growth in forest, Radziejowice, Poland
  •  
    Double-flowered cultivar in Lincolnshire, England
  •  
    Pink-flowered plant in Hohenlohe, Germany
  •  
    Flowers with six, seven, eight and nine tepals
  •  
    A flowering wood anemone.
  •  
    Half-opened fragile flower bud of a Anemonoides nemorosa.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  2. ^ "Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone, European thimbleweed PFAF Plant Database". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  3. ^ "Wood anemone". UPM Forest Life. 2019-05-13. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  4. ^ a b c Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.
  5. ^ a b c Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Warburg EF (1981). Excursion Flora of the British Isles (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23290-2.
  6. ^ a b Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN 978-185918-4783
  7. ^ Dutton, Bryan E.; Keener, Carl S.; Ford, Bruce A. (1997). "Anemone". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2020-11-28 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. ^ " Anemone nemorosa". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  9. ^ . Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  10. ^ Blank, S. and M. Wulf. on seed production and pollinator biology of Anemone nemorosa (Buschwindröschen). Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF). 2008.
  11. ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Allenii'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Robinsoniana'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Vestal'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  14. ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Virescens'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  15. ^ Astuti, Giovanni; Marconi, Giancarlo; Pupillo, Paolo; Peruzzi, Lorenzo (17 May 2019). "Anemonoides × lipsiensis comb. nov. (Ranunculaceae), new for the Italian flora". Italian Botanist. 7: 101–105. doi:10.3897/italianbotanist.7.35004. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Anemone × lipsiensis 'Pallida'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

Further reading edit

  • Shirreffs, D. A. 1985. Anemone nemorosa L. Journal of Ecology 73: 1005-1020.
  • Philip, C. (2008). Plant Finder 2008-2009. ISBN 978-1-4053-3190-6.
  • Plantlife - Wood Anemone 2021-03-08 at the Wayback Machine

January 01, 1970
anemonoides, nemorosa, anemone, nemorosa, wood, anemone, early, spring, flowering, plant, buttercup, family, ranunculaceae, native, europe, other, common, names, include, windflower, european, thimbleweed, smell, allusion, musky, smell, leaves, perennial, herb. Anemonoides nemorosa syn Anemone nemorosa the wood anemone is an early spring flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae native to Europe 1 Other common names include windflower European thimbleweed 2 and smell fox an allusion to the musky smell of the leaves 3 It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing 5 15 cm 2 6 in tall Anemonoides nemorosa Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Order Ranunculales Family Ranunculaceae Genus Anemonoides Species A nemorosa Binomial name Anemonoides nemorosa L Holub Synonyms 1 Anemanthus nemorosus L Fourr Anemonanthea nemorosa L GrayAnemone nemorosa L Anemone nemorosa f vulgaris Ulbr Anemone nemorosa alba CrantzAnemone pentaphylla Hook ex Pritz Pulsatilla nemorosa L Schrank Contents 1 Description 1 1 Similar species 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Ecology 4 In cultivation 5 Gallery 6 References 7 Further readingDescription edit nbsp Typical flower Anemonoides nemorosa is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant less than 30 centimetres 12 in in height The compound basal leaves are palmate or ternate divided into three lobes 4 106 They grow from underground root like stems called rhizomes and die back down by mid summer summer dormant The plants start blooming in spring March to May in the British Isles 5 28 soon after the foliage emerges from the ground The flowers are solitary held above the foliage on short stems with a whorl of three palmate or palmately lobed leaflike bracts beneath The flowers are 2 centimetres 0 8 in diameter with six or seven and on rare occasions eight to ten tepals petal like segments with many stamens In the wild the flowers are usually white but may be pinkish lilac or blue and often have a darker tint on the backs of the tepals Similar species edit The yellow wood anemone Anemonoides ranunculoides is slightly smaller with yellow flowers and usually without basal leaves 4 Wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella which grows in similar shaded places can be readily distinguished by its 3 parted clover like leaves and smaller flowers with only white petals and 5 sepals 5 6 Distribution and habitat edit nbsp Eight A nemorosas in the coat of arms of Raseborg The native range of Anemonoides nemorosa extends across Europe to western Asia reaching as far south as the Caucasus Mountains in Turkey It has been introduced into New Zealand and elsewhere 1 In North America there are naturalized populations at well known sites in Newfoundland Quebec and Massachusetts 7 8 A nemorosa is often found in shady woods 6 The species is common in the British Isles 5 but it spreads very slowly there by as little as six feet per century so it is often used as an indicator for ancient woodland 9 Ecology edit nbsp Pollination The flowers are pollinated by insects especially hoverflies 10 The seeds are achenes 4 In cultivation editMany cultivars have been selected for garden use The RHS Plant Finder 2008 2009 lists 70 cultivars sold by nurseries in the UK Some of the most widely available are nbsp Anemonoides lipsiensis center with its parents A nemorosa left and A ranunculoides right Alba Plena double white Allenii agm 11 large lavender blue flowers often with seven petals named after James Allen nurseryman Bowles Purple purple flowers named after E A Bowles plantsman and garden writer Bracteata Pleniflora double white flowers with green streaks and a frilly ruff of bracts Robinsoniana agm 12 pale lavender blue flowers named after William Robinson plantsman and garden writer Royal Blue deep blue flowers with purple backs Vestal agm 13 white anemone centred flowers Virescens agm 14 flowers mutated into small conical clusters of leaves Those marked agm are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit Anemonoides lipsiensis a hybrid between A nemorosa and A ranunculoides 15 has pale yellow flowers A lipsiensis Pallida is the best known result of this cross It has also been awarded the AGM 16 Gallery edit nbsp Anemonoides nemorosa in Flemingsbergsskogens naturreservat Sweden nbsp Form in Chemnitz Germany nbsp Colonial growth in forest Radziejowice Poland nbsp Double flowered cultivar in Lincolnshire England nbsp Pink flowered plant in Hohenlohe Germany nbsp Flowers with six seven eight and nine tepals nbsp A flowering wood anemone nbsp Half opened fragile flower bud of a Anemonoides nemorosa References edit a b c Anemonoides nemorosa L Holub Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 21 July 2020 Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone European thimbleweed PFAF Plant Database Plants for a Future Retrieved 2022 02 01 Wood anemone UPM Forest Life 2019 05 13 Retrieved 2022 02 01 a b c Stace C A 2010 New Flora of the British Isles Third ed Cambridge U K Cambridge University Press p 88 ISBN 978 0 521 70772 5 a b c Clapham AR Tutin TG Warburg EF 1981 Excursion Flora of the British Isles 3 ed Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 23290 2 a b Parnell J and Curtis T 2012 Webb s An Irish Flora Cork University Press ISBN 978 185918 4783 Dutton Bryan E Keener Carl S Ford Bruce A 1997 Anemone In Flora of North America Editorial Committee ed Flora of North America North of Mexico FNA Vol 3 New York and Oxford Oxford University Press Retrieved 2020 11 28 via eFloras org Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis MO amp Harvard University Herbaria Cambridge MA Anemone nemorosa County level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas NAPA Biota of North America Program BONAP 2014 Retrieved 28 November 2020 Plantlife Wood Anemone Archived from the original on 2021 03 08 Retrieved 2018 10 17 Blank S and M Wulf on seed production and pollinator biology of Anemone nemorosa Buschwindroschen Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF 2008 Anemone nemorosa Allenii RHS Retrieved 12 April 2020 Anemone nemorosa Robinsoniana RHS Retrieved 12 April 2020 Anemone nemorosa Vestal RHS Retrieved 12 April 2020 Anemone nemorosa Virescens RHS Retrieved 12 April 2020 Astuti Giovanni Marconi Giancarlo Pupillo Paolo Peruzzi Lorenzo 17 May 2019 Anemonoides lipsiensis comb nov Ranunculaceae new for the Italian flora Italian Botanist 7 101 105 doi 10 3897 italianbotanist 7 35004 Retrieved 21 July 2020 Anemone lipsiensis Pallida RHS Retrieved 12 April 2020 Further reading editShirreffs D A 1985 Anemone nemorosa L Journal of Ecology 73 1005 1020 Philip C 2008 Plant Finder 2008 2009 ISBN 978 1 4053 3190 6 Plantlife Wood Anemone Archived 2021 03 08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anemonoides nemorosa amp oldid 1216385182, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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