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Joe Lieberman

January 01, 1970

Joseph Isadore Lieberman (/ˈliːbərmən/; February 24, 1942 – March 27, 2024) was an American politician and lawyer who served as a United States senator from Connecticut from 1989 to 2013. A former member of the Democratic Party, he was its nominee for vice president of the United States in the 2000 U.S. presidential election. During his final term in office, he was officially listed as an independent Democrat and caucused with and chaired committees for the Democratic Party.

Joe Lieberman
Official portrait, 2005
United States Senator
from Connecticut
In office
January 3, 1989 – January 3, 2013
Preceded byLowell Weicker
Succeeded byChris Murphy
Chair of the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee
In office
January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2013
Preceded bySusan Collins
Succeeded byTom Carper
In office
June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003
Preceded byFred Thompson
Succeeded bySusan Collins
In office
January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001
Preceded byFred Thompson
Succeeded byFred Thompson
21st Attorney General of Connecticut
In office
January 5, 1983 – January 3, 1989
GovernorWilliam O'Neill
Preceded byCarl R. Ajello
Succeeded byClarine Nardi Riddle
Member of the Connecticut State Senate
In office
January 1971 – January 1981
Preceded byEdward Marcus
Succeeded byJohn Daniels
Constituency
Personal details
Born
Joseph Isadore Lieberman

(1942-02-24)February 24, 1942
Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.
DiedMarch 27, 2024(2024-03-27) (aged 82)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeCongregation Agudath Sholom
Political party
Other political
affiliations
Spouses
  • Betty Haas
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1965; div. 1981)​
  • ​
    (m. 1982)​
Children3
EducationYale University (BA, LLB)
Signature
Joe Lieberman's voice
Lieberman questions Secretary of Defense Robert Gates on troop reductions in Afghanistan.
Recorded December 2, 2009

Lieberman was elected as a Reform Democrat in 1970 to the Connecticut Senate, where he served three terms as majority leader. After an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980, he served as the Connecticut attorney general from 1983 to 1989. He narrowly defeated Republican Party incumbent Lowell Weicker in 1988 to win election to the U.S. Senate and was re-elected in 1994, 2000, and 2006. He was the Democratic Party nominee for vice president in the 2000 presidential election, running with presidential nominee and then Vice President Al Gore, and becoming the first Jewish candidate on a U.S. major party presidential ticket.[2][3]

In the 2000 presidential election, Gore and Lieberman won the popular vote by a margin of more than 500,000 votes but lost the deciding Electoral College to the Republican George W. Bush / Dick Cheney ticket 271–266. He also unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination in the 2004 U.S. presidential election. During his Senate re-election bid in 2006, Lieberman lost the Democratic primary election but won re-election in the general election as a third party candidate under the Connecticut for Lieberman party label.

Lieberman was officially listed in Senate records for the 110th and 111th congresses as an Independent Democrat,[4] and sat as part of the Senate Democratic Caucus. After his speech at the 2008 Republican National Convention in which he endorsed John McCain for president, he no longer attended Democratic Caucus leadership strategy meetings or policy lunches.[5] The Senate Democratic Caucus voted to allow him to keep the chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Subsequently, he announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats.[6] Before the 2016 election, he endorsed Hillary Clinton for president and in 2020 endorsed Joe Biden for president.

As senator, Lieberman introduced and championed the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 and legislation that led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. During debate on the Affordable Care Act (ACA), as the crucial 60th vote needed to pass the legislation, his opposition to the public health insurance option was critical to its removal from the resulting bill signed by President Barack Obama.[7]

Early life

Lieberman was born on February 24, 1942, in Stamford, Connecticut, the son of Henry, who ran a liquor store, and Marcia (née Manger) Lieberman.[8] His family is Jewish; his paternal grandparents emigrated from Congress Poland and his maternal grandparents were from Austria-Hungary.[9]

In 1963, Lieberman traveled to Mississippi to work in support of the civil rights movement.[10] He received a Bachelor of Arts in both political science and economics from Yale University in 1964,[11] and was the first member of his family to attend college.[12] At Yale, he was editor of the Yale Daily News and a member of the Elihu Club.[13] While at Yale Lieberman was introduced to conservative thinker William F. Buckley Jr., who was also editor of the Yale Daily News; Buckley and Lieberman maintained a social relationship.[14] His roommate was Richard Sugarman, who later went on to become a Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the University of Vermont and advisor to 2016 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders.[15] Lieberman later attended Yale Law School, receiving his Bachelor of Laws in 1967.[16] After graduation from law school, Lieberman worked as a lawyer for the New Haven-based law firm Wiggin & Dana LLP.[17]

Lieberman received an educational deferment from the Vietnam War draft when he was an undergraduate and law student from 1960 to 1967. Upon graduating from law school at age 25, Lieberman qualified for a family deferment because he was already married and had a child.[18][19]

Early political career

 
Lieberman with President Ronald Reagan in 1984
 
Lieberman with President George H. W. Bush in 1991

Lieberman was elected as a "reform Democrat" to the Connecticut Senate in 1970, where he served for 10 years, including the last six as Majority Leader.[20] He suffered his first defeat in Connecticut elections in the Reagan landslide year of 1980, losing the race for the third district congressional seat to Republican Lawrence Joseph DeNardis,[21] a state senator from suburban Hamden[22] with whom he had worked closely on bipartisan legislative efforts.[23] In 1981 he wrote an admiring biography of long-time Connecticut and national Democratic leader John Moran Bailey, reviewing also in the book the previous 50 years of Connecticut political history.[24]

From 1983 to 1989, Lieberman served as Connecticut Attorney General.[25] He argued one case before the United States Supreme Court, Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc., a free exercise case involving Connecticut's repeal of its blue laws.[14] In the 1986 general election, Lieberman won more votes than any other Democrat on the statewide ticket, including Governor William O'Neill.[26] As Attorney General, Lieberman emphasized consumer protection and environmental enforcement.[27]

U.S. Senate

Tenure

Lieberman was first elected to the United States Senate as a Democrat in the 1988 election, defeating liberal Republican Lowell Weicker by a margin of 10,000 votes.[28] He scored the nation's biggest political upset that year,[29] after being backed by a coalition of Democrats and unaffiliated voters with support from conservative Republicans, most notably including National Review founder and Firing Line host William F. Buckley Jr. and his brother, former New York Senator James L. Buckley,[30] who were disappointed in three-term Republican incumbent Weicker's liberal voting record and personal style. During the campaign, he received support from Connecticut's Cuban American community, which was unhappy with Weicker. Thereafter, Lieberman remained firmly anti-Castro.[31]

Shortly after his first election to the Senate, Lieberman was approached by incoming Majority Leader George Mitchell who advised him, "Pick out two or three areas that you're really interested in and learn them so that your colleagues know what you're talking about ... You're going to have more influence even as a freshman than you think because you know there's hundreds of issues and inevitably we rely on each other."[32] Recalling the conversation, Lieberman said "that was true when I first came in, although you could see partisanship beginning to eat away at that. But at the end of my 24 years, it was really so partisan that it was hard to make the combinations to get to 60 votes to break a filibuster to get things done."[32]

Lieberman's initiatives against violence in video games are considered the chief impetus behind the establishment of an industry-wide video game rating system during the early 1990s.[33]

 
Lieberman (second from the left) and Senate colleagues with President Bill Clinton and his national security team on Air Force One to Bosnia in 1997

In 1994, Lieberman made history by winning by the largest landslide ever in a Connecticut Senate race, drawing 67 percent of the vote and beating his opponent by more than 350,000 votes.[20] Lieberman then served as chair of the Democratic Leadership Council from 1995 to 2001.[34] In 1998, Lieberman was the first prominent Democrat to publicly challenge Clinton for the judgment exercised in his affair with Monica Lewinsky;[35] however, he voted against removing Clinton from office by impeachment.[36] Of his criticism of Bill Clinton, Lieberman said in 2014:

It was a very hard thing for me to do because I liked him but I really felt what he did was awful and that unless I felt myself if I didn't say something, I'd be a hypocrite. I also felt that if somebody who was supportive of him didn't say something, it would not be good. And so it got a lot of attention. I got a call from Erskine Bowles who was Chief of Staff about three or four days later saying that he was going to express an opinion which wasn't universally held at the White House – he thought I helped the president by bursting the boil, that was the metaphor he used. The following Sunday morning, I'm at home and the phone rings, it's the White House. And it's now about a week and a couple of days since I made the speech. The president says, it was the president, "I just want you to know that there's nothing you said in that speech that I don't agree with. And I want you to know that I'm working on it." And we talked for about forty-five minutes. It was amazing.[32]

In 2000, Lieberman was elected to a third Senate term, defeating the Republican candidate, Philip Giordano.[37]

Vice presidential campaign

Lieberman's 2000 Senate campaign was concurrent with that year's presidential election. In August 2000, Vice President Al Gore announced that he had selected Lieberman as his vice presidential running mate. Lieberman became the first practicing Jew to run for the nation's second-highest office.[38] Lieberman was selected from a group of potential running mates that reportedly included Senators John Kerry and John Edwards, the team that would form the Democratic presidential ticket four years later.[39]

Lieberman had a reputation of being a more ideologically conservative Democrat than Gore.[40] Because of Lieberman's criticism of Clinton's personal behavior, some viewed Gore's choice of Lieberman as a way to distance himself from the scandals of the Clinton White House.[41] The Gore–Lieberman ticket was defeated in a hard-fought election that was contested for weeks after the vote. On December 12, a U.S. Supreme Court ruling brought the race to an official end, confirming the decision in the favor of the Bush-Cheney ticket.[20]

2006 Senate election

Primary

Main article: 2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut § Democratic primary
Democratic Primary Results
Candidate Votes[42] Percentage
Ned Lamont 146,587 52%
Joe Lieberman 136,468 48%

Lieberman sought the Democratic Party's renomination for U.S. Senate from Connecticut in 2006 but lost to the comparatively more liberal[43] Ned Lamont, a Greenwich businessman[44] and antiwar candidate.[45] Lamont received 33 percent of the delegates' votes at the Connecticut Democratic Convention in May, forcing an August primary.[46]

In July, Lieberman announced that he would file papers to appear on the November ballot should he lose the primary, saying, "I'm a loyal Democrat, but I have loyalties that are greater than those to my party, and that's my loyalty to my state and my country."[47] He said he would continue to sit as a Democrat in the Senate even if he was defeated in the primary and elected on an unaffiliated line, and expressed concern for a potentially low turnout.[48] On July 10, the Lieberman campaign officially filed paperwork allowing him to collect signatures for the newly formed Connecticut for Lieberman party ballot line.[49]

On August 8, 2006, Lieberman conceded the Democratic primary election to Ned Lamont, saying, "For the sake of our state, our country and my party, I cannot and will not let that result stand,"[50] and announced he would run in the 2006 November election as an independent candidate on the Connecticut for Lieberman ticket, against both Lamont and the Republican candidate, Alan Schlesinger.[51]

General election

Main article: 2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut
 
Lieberman during his re-election campaign on an independent ticket

Polls after the primary showed Lieberman leading by varying margins.[52] Alan Schlesinger barely registered support,[53] and his campaign had run into problems based on alleged gambling debts. According to columnist Steve Kornacki, Lieberman was therefore "able to run in the general election as the de facto Republican candidate – every major Republican office-holder in the state endorsed him – and to supplement that GOP base with strong support from independents."[54]

On August 9, 2006, Hillary Clinton, the junior U.S. senator from New York, affirmed her pledge to support the primary winner, saying "voters of Connecticut have made their decision and I think that decision should be respected",[55] and Howard Dean called for Lieberman to quit the race, saying he was being "disrespectful of Democrats and disrespectful of the Democratic Party".[56] On August 10, in his first campaign appearance since losing the Democratic primary, referencing the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot, Lieberman criticized Lamont, saying: "If we just pick up like Ned Lamont wants us to do, get out [of Iraq] by a date certain, it will be taken as a tremendous victory by the same people who wanted to blow up these planes in this plot hatched in England. It will strengthen them and they will strike again."[57] Lamont noted Lieberman's position was similar to George W. Bush and Dick Cheney's position. Lamont said, "That comment sounds an awful lot like Vice President Cheney's comment on Wednesday. Both of them believe our invasion of Iraq has a lot to do with 9/11. That's a false premise."[57] Lieberman's communications director replied that Lamont was politicizing national security by "portraying [Lieberman] as a soul mate of President Bush on Iraq".[57]

As a Democrat, Lieberman earned an inordinate amount of support from some prominent conservatives in American politics. On August 17, 2006, the National Republican Senatorial Committee stated that they would favor a Lieberman victory in the November election over Democratic nominee Ned Lamont; however, the NRSC stated that they were not going so far as to actually support Lieberman.[58] Former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani praised Lieberman at a South Carolina campaign stop on August 18, saying he was "a really exceptional senator".[59] Five Democratic senators maintained their support for Lieberman, and Lieberman also received the strong support of former senator and Democratic stalwart Bob Kerrey, who offered to stump for him.[60] Democratic minority leader Harry Reid, while endorsing Lamont, promised Lieberman that he would retain his committee positions and seniority if he prevailed in the general election. On August 28, Lieberman campaigned at the same motorcycle rally as Republican Congressman Christopher Shays.[61] Shays told a crowd of motorcycle enthusiasts, "We have a national treasure in Joe Lieberman." Mel Sembler, a former Republican National Committee finance chairman, helped organize a reception that raised a "couple hundred thousand dollars" for Lieberman, who was personally in attendance. Sembler is a prominent Republican who chaired I. Lewis 'Scooter' Libby's legal defense fund.[62] New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg held a fundraiser for Lieberman at his home in November, co-hosted by former mayor Ed Koch and former Senator Alfonse M. D'Amato.[63] Koch called Lieberman "one of the greatest Senators we've ever had in the Senate."[64]

Despite still considering himself a Democrat, Lieberman was endorsed by numerous Republicans who actively spoke out in favor of his candidacy. Lieberman was also the focus of websites such as ConservativesforLieberman06.com.[65] On November 7, Lieberman won re-election with 50% of the vote. Ned Lamont garnered 40% of ballots cast and Alan Schlesinger won 10%.[66] Lieberman received support from 33% of Democrats, 54% of independents and 70% of Republicans.[67]

Creation of Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

 
Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Chairman Lieberman and Ranking Member Susan Collins address bipartisan suggestion on countermeasures toward Islamist extremism and domestic terrorism in U.S.

When control of the Senate switched from Republicans to Democrats in June 2001, Lieberman became Chairman of the Governmental Affairs Committee, with oversight responsibilities for a broad range of government activities. He was also a member of the Environment and Public Works Committee and chair of its Subcommittee Clean Air, Wetlands and Private Property; the Armed Services Committee, where he chaired the Airland Subcommittee and sat on the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities; and the Small Business Committee. When Republicans gained control of the Senate in January 2003, Lieberman resumed his role as ranking minority member of the committees he had once chaired.[68]

Lieberman was an early supporter of the creation of the Department of Homeland Security as the chairman of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee,[69][70] proposing organizing FEMA, the U.S. Customs Service, the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Coast Guard, and other agencies under the new department.[71] This proposal was eventually implemented in the Homeland Security Act of 2002.[72][73]

In 2006, Senators Lieberman and Collins drafted legislation to reshape the Federal Emergency Management Agency into an agency that would more effectively prepare for and respond to catastrophes, including natural disasters and terrorist attacks. The legislation elevated FEMA to special status within the Department of Homeland Security, much like the Coast Guard and designated FEMA's head to be the president's point person during an emergency. The bill also called for the reunification of FEMA's preparedness and response functions, giving it responsibility for all phases of emergency management. In addition, the measure strengthened FEMA's regional offices, creating dedicated interagency "strike teams" to provide the initial federal response to a disaster in the region. The legislation passed Congress in September 2006.[74]

As the 2007 hurricane season approached, Lieberman held an oversight hearing on implementation of the FEMA reforms on May 22, 2007. He urged FEMA to implement the reforms at a quicker pace.[75]

Lieberman was involved in congressional oversight of the response to the H1N1 influenza (swine flu) pandemic and held four hearings on the subject in 2009, including one in Connecticut. At the hearings, he pressed the United States Department of Health and Human Services to distribute vaccines and antiviral medications at a quicker pace and to streamline the process.[76]

In the 110th Congress, Lieberman was Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, which is responsible for assuring the Federal Government's efficiency and effectiveness. He was also a member of the Environment and Public Works Committee; Senate Armed Services Committee, where he was Chairman of the Subcommittee on Air Land Forces and sat on the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities; and the Small Business Committee.[73]

Fundraising

From 1989 onwards, Lieberman received more than $31.4 million in campaign donations from specific industries and sectors. His largest donors represented the securities and investment ($3.7 million), legal ($3.6 million), real estate ($3.1 million), and health professional ($1.1 million) industries.[77]

Committee assignments

 
Senators Lieberman and John McCain talk with Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff before a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing, 2010.

Caucus memberships

Presidential election involvement

2000

Main article: 2000 United States presidential election
 
Supporters for the Gore–Lieberman ticket

In August 2000, Lieberman was selected as the nominee for Vice President of the United States by Al Gore, the Democratic Party nominee for president.[89] Among the last round candidates were U.S. senators Bob Graham, John Kerry and John Edwards. The nomination committee was headed by Warren Christopher.[90] Lieberman was the first Jewish candidate on a major political party ticket.[89] Of the vetting process, Lieberman related a conversation in which Christopher told him the background checks would be "like a medical procedure without an anesthesia."[32]

The Gore/Lieberman ticket won a plurality of the popular vote, with over half a million more votes than the Republican ticket of George W. Bush and Dick Cheney, but they were defeated in the Electoral College by a vote of 271 to 266 after an intense legal battle concerning the outcome in disputed counties (see Bush v. Gore).[91] The US Supreme Court ruled that the Florida Supreme Court's ordered recount was unconstitutional and said that it defers to what it believes is the Florida Supreme Court's judgment that December 12 is the deadline for all recounts—thus preventing a new recount from being ordered.[92]

He decided to run for re-election to maintain his Senate seat, as vice-presidential candidates Joe Biden and Paul Ryan did for their senatorial and congressional seats respectively in 2008 and 2012.[93] Lieberman would subsequently win his re-election and continued serving in the Senate until his retirement in 2012.[94]

2004

Main article: Joe Lieberman 2004 presidential campaign
 
Supporters for Joe Lieberman

On January 13, 2003, Lieberman announced his intention to seek the Democratic nomination as a candidate in the 2004 presidential election.[95] Lieberman campaigned on his experience in government as well as his centrist and hawkish positions.[96] Indeed, he initially led in polls of primaries, but due to his political positions he failed to win a support of liberal Democratic voters, who dominated the primaries.[97]

Prior to his defeat in New Hampshire, Lieberman declared that his campaign was picking up "Joementum";[98] however, he failed to provide such momentum during the New Hampshire primary debates, held at Saint Anselm College days before the primary.[99] On February 3, 2004, Lieberman withdrew his candidacy after failing to win any of the five primaries or two caucuses held that day. He acknowledged to the Hartford Courant that his support for the war in Iraq was a large part of his undoing with voters.[100]

Lieberman's former running candidate Al Gore did not support Lieberman's presidential run, and in December 2003 endorsed Howard Dean's candidacy, saying "This is about all of us and all of us need to get behind the strongest candidate [Dean]."[101] Finally, Lieberman withdrew from the race without winning a single contest. In total popular vote he placed 7th behind the eventual nominee, Massachusetts senator John Kerry; the eventual vice presidential nominee, North Carolina Senator John Edwards; former Governor of Vermont Howard Dean; Ohio Representative Dennis Kucinich; retired General Wesley Clark; and Reverend Al Sharpton.[102]

2008

Further information: 2008 United States presidential election
 
Lieberman with Presidential Candidate John McCain at an event in Derry, New Hampshire

On December 17, 2007, Lieberman endorsed Republican Senator John McCain for president in 2008,[103] going against his party and going back on his stance in July 2006 when he stated "I want Democrats to be back in the majority in Washington and elect a Democratic president in 2008."[104] Lieberman cited his agreement with McCain's stance on the War on Terrorism as the primary reason for the endorsement.[105]

On June 5, 2008, Lieberman launched "Citizens for McCain", hosted on the McCain campaign website, to recruit Democratic support for John McCain's candidacy. He emphasized the group's outreach to supporters of Hillary Clinton, who was at that time broadly expected to lose the Democratic presidential nomination to Barack Obama.[106] Citizens for McCain was prominently featured in McCain team efforts to attract disgruntled Hillary Clinton supporters such as Debra Bartoshevich.[107][108]

Lieberman spoke at the 2008 Republican National Convention on behalf of McCain and his running mate, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[109] Lieberman was alongside McCain and Senator Lindsey Graham during a visit to French president Nicolas Sarkozy on March 21, 2008.[110] Lieberman was mentioned as a possible vice presidential nominee on a McCain ticket.[111][112] ABC News reported that Lieberman was McCain's first choice for vice president until several days before the selection, when McCain had decided that picking Lieberman would alienate the conservative base of the Republican Party.[113][114] Lieberman had been mentioned as a possible Secretary of State under a McCain administration.[115]

Many Democrats wanted Lieberman to be stripped of his chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs due to his support for John McCain which went against the party's wishes.[116] Republican Minority Leader Mitch McConnell reached out to Lieberman, asking him to caucus with the Republicans.[117] Ultimately, the Senate Democratic Caucus voted 42 to 13 to allow Lieberman to keep chairmanship (although he did lose his membership for the Environment and Public Works Committee). Subsequently, Lieberman announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats.[6] Lieberman credited President-elect Barack Obama for helping him keep his chairmanship. Obama had privately urged Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid not to remove Lieberman from his position. Reid stated that Lieberman's criticism of Obama during the election angered him, but that "if you look at the problems we face as a nation, is this a time we walk out of here saying, 'Boy did we get even'?" Senator Tom Carper of Delaware also credited the Democrats' decision on Lieberman to Obama's support, stating that "If Barack can move on, so can we."[118][119]

Some members of the Democratic caucus were reportedly angry at the decision not to punish Lieberman more severely. The independent Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont stated that he voted to punish Lieberman "because while millions of people worked hard for Obama, Lieberman actively worked for four more years of President Bush's policies."[119] Lieberman's embrace of certain conservative policies and in particular his endorsement of John McCain have been cited as factors for his high approval rating among Republicans in Connecticut with 66% of Republicans approving of him along with 52% of independents also approving of his job performance; this is also cited for his mediocre approval rating among Democrats: 44% approving and 46% disapproving.[120] In September 2018, Lieberman gave a eulogy at the funeral of John McCain, in which he stated that he had turned down a request to serve as McCain's 2008 running mate.[121]

2012, 2016, and 2020

In April 2012, Lieberman announced that he would not make any public endorsements in the 2012 presidential election between President Obama and former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney.[122] On August 10, 2016, Lieberman endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.[123] On September 13, 2020, Lieberman endorsed Democratic candidate Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election.[124]

Criticism

 
Senator Lieberman speaking at a 2005 event to keep Alaska wild to save polar bears, among other arctic wildlife

Iraq War support

Lieberman was a supporter of the Iraq War and urged action against Iran. In July 2008, Lieberman spoke at the annual conference of Christians United for Israel (CUFI). In July 2009, he accepted CUFI's "Defender of Israel Award" from John Hagee.[125] Pastor Hagee, CUFI's founder and leader, made a number of controversial remarks, including a statement that the Catholic Church is "the great whore" and a suggestion that God allowed the Holocaust to happen to bring the Jews to Israel.[126]

Islamic extremism controversy

In April 2010, Lieberman blasted President Obama for stripping terms like "Islamic extremism" from a key national security document, calling the move dishonest, wrong-headed, and disrespectful to the majority of Muslims who are not terrorists.[127]

Filibuster

While favoring the filibuster and threatening to use it in 2009 to eliminate a public health option as part of the healthcare proposal, Lieberman once strongly opposed the filibuster. In 1995, he joined with Senator Tom Harkin to co-sponsor an amendment to kill the filibuster. Lieberman told the Hartford Courant: "The filibuster hurts the credibility of the entire Senate and impedes progress."[128]

Support for surveillance

Lieberman favored greater use of surveillance cameras by the federal government and referred to attempts by Congress to investigate illegal wiretapping as "partisan gridlock". On June 19, 2010, Lieberman introduced a bill called "Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010",[129] which he co-wrote with Senator Susan Collins (R-ME) and Senator Thomas Carper (D-DE). If signed into law, this controversial bill, which the American media dubbed the "Internet kill switch", would grant the President emergency powers over the Internet; however, all three co-authors of the bill issued a statement claiming that instead, the bill "[narrowed] existing broad Presidential authority to take over telecommunications networks".[130] American computer security specialist and author Bruce Schneier objected to the "kill switch" proposal on the basis that it rests on several faulty assumptions and that it's "too coarse a hammer". However, Schneier also wrote: "Defending his proposal, Sen. Lieberman pointed out that China has this capability. It's debatable whether or not it actually does, but it's actively pursuing the capability because the country cares less about its citizens. Here in the U.S., it is both wrong and dangerous to give the president the power and ability to commit Internet suicide and terrorize Americans in this way."[131]

Suppressing whistleblowing

Lieberman was a major opponent of the whistleblowing website WikiLeaks. His staff "made inquiries" of Amazon.com and other internet companies such as PayPal, Visa, and MasterCard which resulted in them suspending service to WikiLeaks. Journalist Glenn Greenwald called Lieberman's actions "one of the most pernicious acts by a U.S. Senator in quite some time," and accused Lieberman of "emulat[ing] Chinese dictators" by "abusing his position as Homeland Security Chairman to thuggishly dictate to private companies which websites they should and should not host – and, more important, what you can and cannot read on the Internet."[132] Lieberman also suggested that "The New York Times and other news organisations publishing the U.S. embassy cables being released by WikiLeaks could be investigated for breaking US espionage laws."[133]

Along with Senators John Ensign and Scott Brown, Lieberman "introduced a bill to amend the Espionage Act in order to facilitate the prosecution of folks like Wikileaks."[134] Critics have noted that "[l]eaking [classified] information in the first place is already a crime, so the measure is aimed squarely at publishers," and that "Lieberman's proposed solution to WikiLeaks could have implications for journalists reporting on some of the more unsavory practices of the intelligence community."[135] Legal analyst Benjamin Wittes called the proposed legislation "the worst of both worlds", saying:

It leaves intact the current World War I–era Espionage Act provision, 18 U.S.C. 793(e), a law [with] many problems ... and then takes a currently well-drawn law and expands its scope to the point that it covers a lot more than the most reckless of media excesses. A lot of good journalism would be a crime under this provision; after all, knowingly and willfully publishing material "concerning the human intelligence activities of the United States or any foreign government" is no small part of what a good newspaper does.[134]

As a result of these statements and actions, Lieberman was perceived as an opponent of Internet free speech and become the target of Anonymous attacks under Operation Payback.[136][137]

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Joe Lieberman
 
Senator Lieberman with German Chancellor Angela Merkel at the 2007 Munich Security Conference
 
Senator Lieberman with bipartisan delegation John McCain (R-AZ), Lindsey Graham (R-SC) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) visit International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan and Commander of NATO and ISAF David H. Petraeus in 2010

Lieberman was a strong advocate for the war in Iraq.[138] He was also a strong supporter of the U.S.-Israel relationship.[139] On domestic issues, he supported free trade economics[140] while also reliably voting for pro-trade union legislation.[141] As part of the Gang of 14, he opposed filibustering Republican judicial appointments.[142] Lieberman was a supporter of abortion rights[143] and of the rights of gays and lesbians to be protected with hate crime legislation, and to serve openly in the military.[144] Lieberman was one of the Senate's leading opponents of violence in video games and on television. Lieberman described himself as being "genuinely an Independent", saying "I agree more often than not with Democrats on domestic policy. I agree more often than not with Republicans on foreign and defense policy."[145] Lieberman was known for his leadership in the successful effort to repeal the Don't ask, don't tell policy regarding sexual orientation in the U.S. Armed Forces.[146][147][148]

During debate on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Lieberman opposed the public option. As the crucial 60th vote needed to pass the legislation, his opposition to the public option was critical for its removal from the resulting bill.[7] Lieberman was an integral part in attempting to stop WikiLeaks from publishing further material using U.S.-based corporations in the United States diplomatic cables leak of 2010.[149] That same year, he joined Republican Senator Scott Brown and bipartisan House members Jason Altmire and Charlie Dent in introducing the Terrorist Expatriation Act, which proposed stripping citizenship rights from Americans who took arms against the United States or provided material support to enemy combatants. The bill received mixed reviews and was heavily criticized by some senior Democrats.[150][151]

In June 2015, Lieberman was a signatory to a public letter written by a bipartisan group of 19 U.S. diplomats, experts, and others, on the then-pending negotiations for an agreement between Iran and world powers over Iran's nuclear program.[152][153] That letter outlined concerns about several provisions in the then-unfinished agreement and called for a number of improvements to strengthen the prospective agreement and win the letter-writers' support for it.[152] The final agreement, concluded in July 2015, shows the influence of the letter.[152]

In May 2021, Lieberman expressed support for Israel in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and praised "the quiet and effective diplomacy of President Biden, who was not drawn in by the left of the Democratic Party to essentially take a stand against Israel."[154]

Post-Senate career

A survey in October 2010 showed that Lieberman had an approval rating of 31% and that just 24% of Connecticut voters felt he deserved re-election.[155] Lieberman announced on January 19, 2011, that he would retire from the Senate at the end of his fourth term.[156][157] Lieberman gave his farewell address on December 12, 2012.[158] He was succeeded by Democratic representative Chris Murphy.[159]

Following his retirement from the Senate, Lieberman moved to Riverdale, Bronx, and registered to vote in New York as a Democrat.[1] He became senior counsel of the white collar criminal defense and investigations practice at Kasowitz, Benson, Torres & Friedman, a law firm in New York City whose notable clients include Donald Trump.[160] In March 2013, it was announced that Lieberman would be joining the conservative American Enterprise Institute think tank as co-chairman of their American Internationalism Project, alongside former Republican Senator Jon Kyl.[161] In February 2014, Lieberman was named as Counselor at the National Bureau of Asian Research.[162] Additionally, he served as the Lieberman Chair of Public Policy and Public Service at Yeshiva University, where he taught an undergraduate course in political science.[11]

 
Lieberman speaks with former Republican Party presidential candidate and Governor of Utah Jon Huntsman Jr. at a bipartisan event hosted by the No Labels Foundation in 2016.

In 2015, Lieberman served as co-chair of the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense, a commission that recommended changes to U.S. policy regarding biodefense.[163] In order to address biological threats facing the nation, the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense created a 33 step initiative for the U.S. Government to implement. Lieberman headed the organization with former Governor Tom Ridge, and the Study Panel assembled in Washington, D.C., for four meetings concerning current biodefense programs. The Study Panel concluded that the federal government had inadequate defense mechanisms in case of a biological event. The Study Panel's final report, The National Blueprint for Biodefense, proposes a string of solutions and recommendations for the U.S. Government to take, including items such as giving the vice president authority over biodefense responsibilities and merging the entire biodefense budget. These solutions represent the Panel's call to action in order to increase awareness and activity for pandemic related issues.[164] In 2022, the group released a report recommending a $10 billion, 10-year program to prevent the next pandemic, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.[165]

In August 2015, Lieberman became chairman of the advocacy group United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI).[166] In March 2016, Lieberman was hired by the Schaghticoke Tribal Nation to assist the group in challenging Connecticut laws giving exemptions to only the top two state gaming tribes to build casinos.[167][168] That same year, Lieberman joined the Muslim-Jewish Advisory Council, an organization founded to address anti-Muslim and anti-Jewish bigotry in the United States.[169] Lieberman was also on the advisory board of the Counter Extremism Project (CEP).[170]

In early 2017, Lieberman introduced President elect Donald Trump's nominee as Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos to the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pension committee. One report on Lieberman's involvement was critical of him for failing to disclose in his testimony the extensive legal work his Kasowitz, Benson, Torres & Friedman law firm had done for Donald Trump since at least as long ago as 2001. The work included bankrupt casino restructuring and, during the 2016 campaign, threatening The New York Times over publication of a few 1995 Trump tax documents.[171]

On May 17, 2017, Lieberman was interviewed by President Donald Trump for the position of FBI Director, to replace recently fired James Comey.[172] The interview took place against the background of the appointment of Special Counsel Robert Mueller to investigate issues connected to Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.[173] Speaking to reporters while meeting with Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, Trump said he was "very close" to choosing a new FBI director to replace James Comey, and when asked if Lieberman was his top pick, Trump said yes.[174] The President also stated that the odds were "better than 50-50" that his pick for FBI director would be made before he departed for his first trip abroad on Friday;[175] however, no announcement was made publicly on Friday.[175] On May 25, 2017, Lieberman officially withdrew his name from consideration.[176]

On July 17, 2018, Lieberman published an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal imploring people to vote for Joe Crowley, who was defeated in the Democratic primary by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. Crowley would run on the Working Families Party line, without support of a major party, similar to how Lieberman defeated Lamont in 2006. Lieberman continued to remain critical of Ocasio-Cortez, stating that "With all respect, I certainly hope she's not the future, and I don't believe she is."[177] In January 2019 Lieberman officially registered as a lobbyist working for ZTE but stated that his work for the corporation will be limited to assess national security concerns and will not include actual lobbying.[178] In July 2022, Lieberman became one of the founding members of a group of U.S. business and policy leaders which shares the goal of engaging constructively with China and improving U.S.-China relations.[179]

Personal life and death

Lieberman met his first wife, Betty Haas, at the congressional office of Senator Abraham Ribicoff (D-CT), where they worked as summer student interns. They married in 1965 while Joe Lieberman was in law school. They had two children – Matt and Rebecca. Betty, who is also Jewish, later worked as a psychiatric social worker. In 1981, the couple divorced. When asked about the divorce in an interview with New York Magazine, Lieberman said, "one of the differences we had was in levels of religious observance", adding, "I'm convinced if that was the only difference, we wouldn't have gotten divorced."[180]

 
Senator Lieberman and his wife Hadassah riding the United States Capitol subway system to the U.S. Capitol in 2011

In 1982, he met his second wife, Hadassah Freilich Tucker, while he was running for Attorney General of Connecticut. Hadassah Tucker's parents were Holocaust survivors.[14] According to Washington Jewish Week, Lieberman called her for a date because he thought it would be interesting to go out with someone named Hadassah. (Hadassah is the name of the Women's Zionist Organization of America).[181] From March 2005, Hadassah Lieberman worked for Hill & Knowlton, a lobbying firm based in New York City, as a senior counselor in its health and pharmaceuticals practice. She held senior positions at the Hospital of Saint Raphael in New Haven, the American Committee for Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem, Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International (APCO), Pfizer, National Research Council, Hoffmann-La Roche, and Lehman Brothers.[182]

Joe and Hadassah Lieberman had a daughter, Hana. In 2018 she made Aliyah to Israel with her family.[183] Lieberman also had a stepson from Hadassah's previous marriage with Gordon Tucker, Ethan Tucker. Lieberman's son, Matt, graduated from Yale University and from Yale Law School.[184] He is the former head of the school of Greenfield Hebrew Academy in Atlanta.[185] He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2020 United States Senate special election in Georgia.[186] Rebecca, Lieberman's daughter, graduated from Barnard College in 1991, and from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1997.[187] Lieberman's stepson Ethan graduated from Harvard College in 1997 and received his rabbinic ordination from the Chief Rabbinate of Israel.[188][189]

 
Lieberman with Marty Markowitz at the 2011 Brooklyn Book Festival to discuss the role spirituality played in his life

Lieberman described himself as an "observant" Jew.[2] His first wife, Betty Haas, is a Reform Jew. After the death of his grandmother, a deeply religious immigrant, in 1967, he found a renewed interest in religious observance. His second wife, Hadassah, is also an observant Modern Orthodox Jew. "Hadassah calls herself my right wing", said Lieberman.[180] In Lieberman's 1988 upset of Republican Party incumbent Senator Lowell Weicker, Lieberman's religious observance was mostly viewed in terms of refusal to campaign on the Jewish Sabbath. This changed when Al Gore chose Lieberman as the running mate; a Lieberman press officer who spoke on condition of anonymity said: "He refers to himself as observant, as opposed to Orthodox, because he doesn't follow the strict Orthodox code and doesn't want to offend the Orthodox, and his wife feels the same way."[190]

The Liebermans kept a kosher home and observed the Sabbath.[190] In one notable instance, then-Senator Lieberman walked to the Capitol after Sabbath services to block a Republican filibuster.[191] Lieberman said that there was currently "a constitutional place for faith in our public life", and that the Constitution does not provide for "freedom from religion".[192] He attended Kesher Israel Congregation in Georgetown, Washington, D.C., and Beth Hamedrosh Hagodol – B'nai Israel, The Westville Synagogue, New Haven, Connecticut.[193] He also attended Congregation Agudath Sholom in his hometown of Stamford. Lieberman was an admirer of the last Lubavitcher Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson. He said of Schneerson, "I was impressed by this man, by his obvious spirituality, by his soaring intellect, by the extent to which he was involved in the world."[194] He said he had studied the commentaries of Rabbis Joseph Ber Soloveitchik and Abraham Isaac Kook.[14]

Lieberman was the first person of Jewish background or faith to run on a major party presidential ticket.[195] Lieberman said that he liked to sing and was a fan of Frank Sinatra, whose song "My Way" was the theme of his first Senate campaign.[14] He chanted the classic section of Proverbs "Eshet Hayil" to his wife every Friday night.[14]

On March 27, 2024, Lieberman died at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, aged 82, from injuries that he sustained in a fall at his home in the Bronx.[196][197] He received tributes from many, including from Presidents Joe Biden, Barack Obama, George W. Bush and Bill Clinton, Vice Presidents Kamala Harris, Mike Pence and Al Gore, Senators Tom Cotton and Lindsey Graham, and Israeli politicians Isaac Herzog and Benjamin Netanyahu.[198][199][200][201][non-primary source needed][202][203][non-primary source needed] Lieberman is entombed in the cemetery at Congregation Agudath Sholom.[204]

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Joe Lieberman

Awards

 
Senator Lieberman visits Navy base in Groton, Connecticut.

In 2008, Lieberman received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[205]

In 2011, the National Defense University foundation honored Senators Lieberman and John McCain the American Patriot Award for their lifetimes of public service. They were recognized for their outstanding record of contributions to America's national security, armed forces and veterans throughout their impressive careers in government.[206]

In 2011, Lieberman was awarded St. George Order of Victory by President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili for his support of Georgia following their 2008 war with Russia.[207]

Published works

Lieberman authored at least ten books, including The Power Broker (1966), a biography of the late Democratic Party chairman John M. Bailey;[208][209] The Scorpion and the Tarantula (1970), a study of early efforts to control nuclear proliferation;[210][211] The Legacy (1981), a history of Connecticut politics from 1930 to 1980;[212][213] Child Support in America: Practical Advice on Negotiating and Collecting a Fair Settlement (1986), a guidebook on methods to increase the collection of child support from delinquent fathers;[214][215] In Praise of Public Life (2000);[216][217] An Amazing Adventure: Joe and Hadassah's Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign (2003), reflecting on his 2000 vice presidential run;[218][219] The Gift of Rest: Rediscovering the Beauty of the Sabbath (2011), written with David Klinghoffer,[220][221] With Liberty and Justice: The Fifty-Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai (2018), on a trip with Rabbi Ari D. Kahn,[222][223] and The Centrist Solution: How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again (2021).[224][225][226] In his book Ticking Time Bomb: Counter-Terrorism Lessons from the U.S. Government's Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack (2011), he described Australian Muslim preacher Feiz Mohammad, American-Yemeni imam Anwar al-Awlaki, Muslim cleric Abdullah el-Faisal, and Pakistani-American Samir Khan as "virtual spiritual sanctioners" who use the internet to offer religious justification for Islamist terrorism.[227]

See also

References

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  212. ^ Lieberman, Joseph I. (1981). The Legacy: Connecticut Politics, 1930–1980. Spoonwood Press. ISBN 978-0-939026-01-2. OL 8418053M.
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  214. ^ Lieberman, Joseph I. (July 1, 1988). Child Support in America: Practical Advice for Negotiating and Collecting a Fair Settlement. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-04210-8. OCLC 18627712. OL 10317960M.
  215. ^ Pearl, David (July 1987). "Child Support in America. By Joseph I. Lieberman. [New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1986, xiii, 114 and (Index) 8 pp. Hardback £14·95 net.]". Cambridge Law Journal. 46 (2): 346–347. doi:10.1017/S0008197300120069. ISSN 1469-2139.
  216. ^ Lieberman, Joseph I. (August 8, 2000). In Praise Of Public Life. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-1440-7. OL 36184079M.
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  218. ^ Lieberman, Joseph I.; Lieberman, Hadassah (January 17, 2003). An Amazing Adventure: Joe and Hadassah's Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-3877-9. OL 36184406M. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  219. ^ "A Jewish President? Kosher Food, Shabbat Walks: Campaigning Lieberman Style". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. March 20, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2024. In the new book, "An Amazing Adventure: Joe and Hadassah's Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign," Lieberman and his wife reflect on how faith played a role not just in the candidate's policy statements, but the logistics of the campaign.
  220. ^ Lieberman, Joseph I.; Klinghoffer, David (August 7, 2012). The Gift of Rest: Rediscovering the Beauty of the Sabbath. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-2731-2.
  221. ^ Klinghoffer, David (March 28, 2024). "Joe Lieberman: Edel". National Review.
  222. ^ Lieberman, Joseph I.; Kahn, Ari D. (2018). With Liberty and Justice: The Fifty-Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai. Toby Press LLC. ISBN 978-1-59264-501-5. OL 43710329M.
  223. ^ Halpern, Stu (June 26, 2018). "With Liberty and Justice: The Fifty Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai". www.jewishbookcouncil.org. Jewish Book Council. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  224. ^ Lieberman, Joseph I. (October 19, 2021). The Centrist Solution: How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again. Diversion Books. ISBN 978-1-63576-905-0. OL 48203524M.
  225. ^ "Joe Lieberman on His New Book, [The Centrist Solution]". C-SPAN.org. December 27, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  226. ^ "The Centrist Solution: How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again by Senator Joseph I Lieberman". www.publishersweekly.com. Publishers Weekly. July 23, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  227. ^ Joseph I. Lieberman (2011). Ticking Time Bomb: Counter-Terrorism Lessons from the U. S. Government's Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack. Diane Publishing. ISBN 9781437981223. Retrieved April 22, 2013.

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Joe Lieberman
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    Connecticut State Senate
    Preceded by
    Edward Marcus
    		 Member of the Connecticut State Senate
    from the 11th district
    1971–1973     		Succeeded by
    Anthony Ciarlone
    Preceded by
    Anthony Ciarlone
    		 Member of the Connecticut State Senate
    from the 10th district
    1973–1981     		Succeeded by
    John Daniels
    Legal offices
    Preceded by Attorney General of Connecticut
    1983–1989     		Succeeded by
    Party political offices
    Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Connecticut
    (Class 1)
    1988, 1994, 2000     		Succeeded by
    Preceded by Chair of the Democratic Leadership Council
    1995–2001     		Succeeded by
    Preceded by Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States
    2000     		Succeeded by
    U.S. Senate
    Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Connecticut
    1989–2013
    Served alongside: Chris Dodd, Richard Blumenthal     		Succeeded by
    Preceded by Chair of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee
    2001–2003     		Succeeded by
    Preceded by Chair of the Senate Homeland Security Committee
    2007–2013     		Succeeded by

    January 01, 1970
    lieberman, joseph, isadore, lieberman, february, 1942, march, 2024, american, politician, lawyer, served, united, states, senator, from, connecticut, from, 1989, 2013, former, member, democratic, party, nominee, vice, president, united, states, 2000, president. Joseph Isadore Lieberman ˈ l iː b er m en February 24 1942 March 27 2024 was an American politician and lawyer who served as a United States senator from Connecticut from 1989 to 2013 A former member of the Democratic Party he was its nominee for vice president of the United States in the 2000 U S presidential election During his final term in office he was officially listed as an independent Democrat and caucused with and chaired committees for the Democratic Party Joe LiebermanOfficial portrait 2005United States Senatorfrom ConnecticutIn office January 3 1989 January 3 2013Preceded byLowell WeickerSucceeded byChris MurphyChair of the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs CommitteeIn office January 3 2007 January 3 2013Preceded bySusan CollinsSucceeded byTom CarperIn office June 6 2001 January 3 2003Preceded byFred ThompsonSucceeded bySusan CollinsIn office January 3 2001 January 20 2001Preceded byFred ThompsonSucceeded byFred Thompson21st Attorney General of ConnecticutIn office January 5 1983 January 3 1989GovernorWilliam O NeillPreceded byCarl R AjelloSucceeded byClarine Nardi RiddleMember of the Connecticut State SenateIn office January 1971 January 1981Preceded byEdward MarcusSucceeded byJohn DanielsConstituency11th district 1971 1973 10th district 1973 1981 Personal detailsBornJoseph Isadore Lieberman 1942 02 24 February 24 1942Stamford Connecticut U S DiedMarch 27 2024 2024 03 27 aged 82 New York City U S Resting placeCongregation Agudath SholomPolitical partyDemocratic before 2006 from 2013 Independent 2006 2013 1 Other politicalaffiliationsConnecticut for Lieberman 2006 2013 Senate Democratic Caucus 2006 2013 SpousesBetty Haas m 1965 div 1981 wbr Hadassah Freilich m 1982 wbr Children3EducationYale University BA LLB SignatureJoe Lieberman s voice source source Lieberman questions Secretary of Defense Robert Gates on troop reductions in Afghanistan Recorded December 2 2009 Lieberman was elected as a Reform Democrat in 1970 to the Connecticut Senate where he served three terms as majority leader After an unsuccessful bid for the U S House of Representatives in 1980 he served as the Connecticut attorney general from 1983 to 1989 He narrowly defeated Republican Party incumbent Lowell Weicker in 1988 to win election to the U S Senate and was re elected in 1994 2000 and 2006 He was the Democratic Party nominee for vice president in the 2000 presidential election running with presidential nominee and then Vice President Al Gore and becoming the first Jewish candidate on a U S major party presidential ticket 2 3 In the 2000 presidential election Gore and Lieberman won the popular vote by a margin of more than 500 000 votes but lost the deciding Electoral College to the Republican George W Bush Dick Cheney ticket 271 266 He also unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination in the 2004 U S presidential election During his Senate re election bid in 2006 Lieberman lost the Democratic primary election but won re election in the general election as a third party candidate under the Connecticut for Lieberman party label Lieberman was officially listed in Senate records for the 110th and 111th congresses as an Independent Democrat 4 and sat as part of the Senate Democratic Caucus After his speech at the 2008 Republican National Convention in which he endorsed John McCain for president he no longer attended Democratic Caucus leadership strategy meetings or policy lunches 5 The Senate Democratic Caucus voted to allow him to keep the chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Subsequently he announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats 6 Before the 2016 election he endorsed Hillary Clinton for president and in 2020 endorsed Joe Biden for president As senator Lieberman introduced and championed the Don t Ask Don t Tell Repeal Act of 2010 and legislation that led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security During debate on the Affordable Care Act ACA as the crucial 60th vote needed to pass the legislation his opposition to the public health insurance option was critical to its removal from the resulting bill signed by President Barack Obama 7 Contents 1 Early life 2 Early political career 3 U S Senate 3 1 Tenure 3 2 Vice presidential campaign 3 3 2006 Senate election 3 3 1 Primary 3 3 2 General election 3 4 Creation of Department of Homeland Security DHS 3 5 Fundraising 3 6 Committee assignments 3 7 Caucus memberships 4 Presidential election involvement 4 1 2000 4 2 2004 4 3 2008 4 4 2012 2016 and 2020 5 Criticism 5 1 Iraq War support 5 2 Islamic extremism controversy 5 3 Filibuster 5 4 Support for surveillance 5 5 Suppressing whistleblowing 6 Political positions 7 Post Senate career 8 Personal life and death 9 Electoral history 10 Awards 11 Published works 12 See also 13 References 14 External linksEarly lifeLieberman was born on February 24 1942 in Stamford Connecticut the son of Henry who ran a liquor store and Marcia nee Manger Lieberman 8 His family is Jewish his paternal grandparents emigrated from Congress Poland and his maternal grandparents were from Austria Hungary 9 In 1963 Lieberman traveled to Mississippi to work in support of the civil rights movement 10 He received a Bachelor of Arts in both political science and economics from Yale University in 1964 11 and was the first member of his family to attend college 12 At Yale he was editor of the Yale Daily News and a member of the Elihu Club 13 While at Yale Lieberman was introduced to conservative thinker William F Buckley Jr who was also editor of the Yale Daily News Buckley and Lieberman maintained a social relationship 14 His roommate was Richard Sugarman who later went on to become a Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the University of Vermont and advisor to 2016 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders 15 Lieberman later attended Yale Law School receiving his Bachelor of Laws in 1967 16 After graduation from law school Lieberman worked as a lawyer for the New Haven based law firm Wiggin amp Dana LLP 17 Lieberman received an educational deferment from the Vietnam War draft when he was an undergraduate and law student from 1960 to 1967 Upon graduating from law school at age 25 Lieberman qualified for a family deferment because he was already married and had a child 18 19 Early political career nbsp Lieberman with President Ronald Reagan in 1984 nbsp Lieberman with President George H W Bush in 1991 Lieberman was elected as a reform Democrat to the Connecticut Senate in 1970 where he served for 10 years including the last six as Majority Leader 20 He suffered his first defeat in Connecticut elections in the Reagan landslide year of 1980 losing the race for the third district congressional seat to Republican Lawrence Joseph DeNardis 21 a state senator from suburban Hamden 22 with whom he had worked closely on bipartisan legislative efforts 23 In 1981 he wrote an admiring biography of long time Connecticut and national Democratic leader John Moran Bailey reviewing also in the book the previous 50 years of Connecticut political history 24 From 1983 to 1989 Lieberman served as Connecticut Attorney General 25 He argued one case before the United States Supreme Court Estate of Thornton v Caldor Inc a free exercise case involving Connecticut s repeal of its blue laws 14 In the 1986 general election Lieberman won more votes than any other Democrat on the statewide ticket including Governor William O Neill 26 As Attorney General Lieberman emphasized consumer protection and environmental enforcement 27 U S SenateTenure Lieberman was first elected to the United States Senate as a Democrat in the 1988 election defeating liberal Republican Lowell Weicker by a margin of 10 000 votes 28 He scored the nation s biggest political upset that year 29 after being backed by a coalition of Democrats and unaffiliated voters with support from conservative Republicans most notably including National Review founder and Firing Line host William F Buckley Jr and his brother former New York Senator James L Buckley 30 who were disappointed in three term Republican incumbent Weicker s liberal voting record and personal style During the campaign he received support from Connecticut s Cuban American community which was unhappy with Weicker Thereafter Lieberman remained firmly anti Castro 31 Shortly after his first election to the Senate Lieberman was approached by incoming Majority Leader George Mitchell who advised him Pick out two or three areas that you re really interested in and learn them so that your colleagues know what you re talking about You re going to have more influence even as a freshman than you think because you know there s hundreds of issues and inevitably we rely on each other 32 Recalling the conversation Lieberman said that was true when I first came in although you could see partisanship beginning to eat away at that But at the end of my 24 years it was really so partisan that it was hard to make the combinations to get to 60 votes to break a filibuster to get things done 32 Lieberman s initiatives against violence in video games are considered the chief impetus behind the establishment of an industry wide video game rating system during the early 1990s 33 nbsp Lieberman second from the left and Senate colleagues with President Bill Clinton and his national security team on Air Force One to Bosnia in 1997 In 1994 Lieberman made history by winning by the largest landslide ever in a Connecticut Senate race drawing 67 percent of the vote and beating his opponent by more than 350 000 votes 20 Lieberman then served as chair of the Democratic Leadership Council from 1995 to 2001 34 In 1998 Lieberman was the first prominent Democrat to publicly challenge Clinton for the judgment exercised in his affair with Monica Lewinsky 35 however he voted against removing Clinton from office by impeachment 36 Of his criticism of Bill Clinton Lieberman said in 2014 It was a very hard thing for me to do because I liked him but I really felt what he did was awful and that unless I felt myself if I didn t say something I d be a hypocrite I also felt that if somebody who was supportive of him didn t say something it would not be good And so it got a lot of attention I got a call from Erskine Bowles who was Chief of Staff about three or four days later saying that he was going to express an opinion which wasn t universally held at the White House he thought I helped the president by bursting the boil that was the metaphor he used The following Sunday morning I m at home and the phone rings it s the White House And it s now about a week and a couple of days since I made the speech The president says it was the president I just want you to know that there s nothing you said in that speech that I don t agree with And I want you to know that I m working on it And we talked for about forty five minutes It was amazing 32 In 2000 Lieberman was elected to a third Senate term defeating the Republican candidate Philip Giordano 37 Vice presidential campaign Lieberman s 2000 Senate campaign was concurrent with that year s presidential election In August 2000 Vice President Al Gore announced that he had selected Lieberman as his vice presidential running mate Lieberman became the first practicing Jew to run for the nation s second highest office 38 Lieberman was selected from a group of potential running mates that reportedly included Senators John Kerry and John Edwards the team that would form the Democratic presidential ticket four years later 39 Lieberman had a reputation of being a more ideologically conservative Democrat than Gore 40 Because of Lieberman s criticism of Clinton s personal behavior some viewed Gore s choice of Lieberman as a way to distance himself from the scandals of the Clinton White House 41 The Gore Lieberman ticket was defeated in a hard fought election that was contested for weeks after the vote On December 12 a U S Supreme Court ruling brought the race to an official end confirming the decision in the favor of the Bush Cheney ticket 20 2006 Senate election Primary Main article 2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut Democratic primary Democratic Primary Results Candidate Votes 42 Percentage Ned Lamont 146 587 52 Joe Lieberman 136 468 48 Lieberman sought the Democratic Party s renomination for U S Senate from Connecticut in 2006 but lost to the comparatively more liberal 43 Ned Lamont a Greenwich businessman 44 and antiwar candidate 45 Lamont received 33 percent of the delegates votes at the Connecticut Democratic Convention in May forcing an August primary 46 In July Lieberman announced that he would file papers to appear on the November ballot should he lose the primary saying I m a loyal Democrat but I have loyalties that are greater than those to my party and that s my loyalty to my state and my country 47 He said he would continue to sit as a Democrat in the Senate even if he was defeated in the primary and elected on an unaffiliated line and expressed concern for a potentially low turnout 48 On July 10 the Lieberman campaign officially filed paperwork allowing him to collect signatures for the newly formed Connecticut for Lieberman party ballot line 49 On August 8 2006 Lieberman conceded the Democratic primary election to Ned Lamont saying For the sake of our state our country and my party I cannot and will not let that result stand 50 and announced he would run in the 2006 November election as an independent candidate on the Connecticut for Lieberman ticket against both Lamont and the Republican candidate Alan Schlesinger 51 General election Main article 2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut nbsp Lieberman during his re election campaign on an independent ticket Polls after the primary showed Lieberman leading by varying margins 52 Alan Schlesinger barely registered support 53 and his campaign had run into problems based on alleged gambling debts According to columnist Steve Kornacki Lieberman was therefore able to run in the general election as the de facto Republican candidate every major Republican office holder in the state endorsed him and to supplement that GOP base with strong support from independents 54 On August 9 2006 Hillary Clinton the junior U S senator from New York affirmed her pledge to support the primary winner saying voters of Connecticut have made their decision and I think that decision should be respected 55 and Howard Dean called for Lieberman to quit the race saying he was being disrespectful of Democrats and disrespectful of the Democratic Party 56 On August 10 in his first campaign appearance since losing the Democratic primary referencing the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot Lieberman criticized Lamont saying If we just pick up like Ned Lamont wants us to do get out of Iraq by a date certain it will be taken as a tremendous victory by the same people who wanted to blow up these planes in this plot hatched in England It will strengthen them and they will strike again 57 Lamont noted Lieberman s position was similar to George W Bush and Dick Cheney s position Lamont said That comment sounds an awful lot like Vice President Cheney s comment on Wednesday Both of them believe our invasion of Iraq has a lot to do with 9 11 That s a false premise 57 Lieberman s communications director replied that Lamont was politicizing national security by portraying Lieberman as a soul mate of President Bush on Iraq 57 As a Democrat Lieberman earned an inordinate amount of support from some prominent conservatives in American politics On August 17 2006 the National Republican Senatorial Committee stated that they would favor a Lieberman victory in the November election over Democratic nominee Ned Lamont however the NRSC stated that they were not going so far as to actually support Lieberman 58 Former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani praised Lieberman at a South Carolina campaign stop on August 18 saying he was a really exceptional senator 59 Five Democratic senators maintained their support for Lieberman and Lieberman also received the strong support of former senator and Democratic stalwart Bob Kerrey who offered to stump for him 60 Democratic minority leader Harry Reid while endorsing Lamont promised Lieberman that he would retain his committee positions and seniority if he prevailed in the general election On August 28 Lieberman campaigned at the same motorcycle rally as Republican Congressman Christopher Shays 61 Shays told a crowd of motorcycle enthusiasts We have a national treasure in Joe Lieberman Mel Sembler a former Republican National Committee finance chairman helped organize a reception that raised a couple hundred thousand dollars for Lieberman who was personally in attendance Sembler is a prominent Republican who chaired I Lewis Scooter Libby s legal defense fund 62 New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg held a fundraiser for Lieberman at his home in November co hosted by former mayor Ed Koch and former Senator Alfonse M D Amato 63 Koch called Lieberman one of the greatest Senators we ve ever had in the Senate 64 Despite still considering himself a Democrat Lieberman was endorsed by numerous Republicans who actively spoke out in favor of his candidacy Lieberman was also the focus of websites such as ConservativesforLieberman06 com 65 On November 7 Lieberman won re election with 50 of the vote Ned Lamont garnered 40 of ballots cast and Alan Schlesinger won 10 66 Lieberman received support from 33 of Democrats 54 of independents and 70 of Republicans 67 Creation of Department of Homeland Security DHS nbsp Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Chairman Lieberman and Ranking Member Susan Collins address bipartisan suggestion on countermeasures toward Islamist extremism and domestic terrorism in U S When control of the Senate switched from Republicans to Democrats in June 2001 Lieberman became Chairman of the Governmental Affairs Committee with oversight responsibilities for a broad range of government activities He was also a member of the Environment and Public Works Committee and chair of its Subcommittee Clean Air Wetlands and Private Property the Armed Services Committee where he chaired the Airland Subcommittee and sat on the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities and the Small Business Committee When Republicans gained control of the Senate in January 2003 Lieberman resumed his role as ranking minority member of the committees he had once chaired 68 Lieberman was an early supporter of the creation of the Department of Homeland Security as the chairman of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee 69 70 proposing organizing FEMA the U S Customs Service the U S Border Patrol the U S Coast Guard and other agencies under the new department 71 This proposal was eventually implemented in the Homeland Security Act of 2002 72 73 In 2006 Senators Lieberman and Collins drafted legislation to reshape the Federal Emergency Management Agency into an agency that would more effectively prepare for and respond to catastrophes including natural disasters and terrorist attacks The legislation elevated FEMA to special status within the Department of Homeland Security much like the Coast Guard and designated FEMA s head to be the president s point person during an emergency The bill also called for the reunification of FEMA s preparedness and response functions giving it responsibility for all phases of emergency management In addition the measure strengthened FEMA s regional offices creating dedicated interagency strike teams to provide the initial federal response to a disaster in the region The legislation passed Congress in September 2006 74 As the 2007 hurricane season approached Lieberman held an oversight hearing on implementation of the FEMA reforms on May 22 2007 He urged FEMA to implement the reforms at a quicker pace 75 Lieberman was involved in congressional oversight of the response to the H1N1 influenza swine flu pandemic and held four hearings on the subject in 2009 including one in Connecticut At the hearings he pressed the United States Department of Health and Human Services to distribute vaccines and antiviral medications at a quicker pace and to streamline the process 76 In the 110th Congress Lieberman was Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee which is responsible for assuring the Federal Government s efficiency and effectiveness He was also a member of the Environment and Public Works Committee Senate Armed Services Committee where he was Chairman of the Subcommittee on Air Land Forces and sat on the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities and the Small Business Committee 73 Fundraising From 1989 onwards Lieberman received more than 31 4 million in campaign donations from specific industries and sectors His largest donors represented the securities and investment 3 7 million legal 3 6 million real estate 3 1 million and health professional 1 1 million industries 77 Committee assignments nbsp Senators Lieberman and John McCain talk with Navy Adm Mike Mullen chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff before a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing 2010 Committee on Armed Services 78 Subcommittee on Airland Chairman 79 Subcommittee on Personnel 80 Subcommittee on SeaPower 80 Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Chairman 81 82 Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship 83 Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming Chairman 84 Caucus memberships Senate Caucus on Global Internet Freedom 85 Congressional Fire Services Caucus Co Chair 86 Congressional Public Service Caucus Co Chair 87 International Conservation Caucus 88 Presidential election involvement2000 Main article 2000 United States presidential election nbsp Supporters for the Gore Lieberman ticket In August 2000 Lieberman was selected as the nominee for Vice President of the United States by Al Gore the Democratic Party nominee for president 89 Among the last round candidates were U S senators Bob Graham John Kerry and John Edwards The nomination committee was headed by Warren Christopher 90 Lieberman was the first Jewish candidate on a major political party ticket 89 Of the vetting process Lieberman related a conversation in which Christopher told him the background checks would be like a medical procedure without an anesthesia 32 The Gore Lieberman ticket won a plurality of the popular vote with over half a million more votes than the Republican ticket of George W Bush and Dick Cheney but they were defeated in the Electoral College by a vote of 271 to 266 after an intense legal battle concerning the outcome in disputed counties see Bush v Gore 91 The US Supreme Court ruled that the Florida Supreme Court s ordered recount was unconstitutional and said that it defers to what it believes is the Florida Supreme Court s judgment that December 12 is the deadline for all recounts thus preventing a new recount from being ordered 92 He decided to run for re election to maintain his Senate seat as vice presidential candidates Joe Biden and Paul Ryan did for their senatorial and congressional seats respectively in 2008 and 2012 93 Lieberman would subsequently win his re election and continued serving in the Senate until his retirement in 2012 94 2004 Main article Joe Lieberman 2004 presidential campaign nbsp Supporters for Joe Lieberman On January 13 2003 Lieberman announced his intention to seek the Democratic nomination as a candidate in the 2004 presidential election 95 Lieberman campaigned on his experience in government as well as his centrist and hawkish positions 96 Indeed he initially led in polls of primaries but due to his political positions he failed to win a support of liberal Democratic voters who dominated the primaries 97 Prior to his defeat in New Hampshire Lieberman declared that his campaign was picking up Joementum 98 however he failed to provide such momentum during the New Hampshire primary debates held at Saint Anselm College days before the primary 99 On February 3 2004 Lieberman withdrew his candidacy after failing to win any of the five primaries or two caucuses held that day He acknowledged to the Hartford Courant that his support for the war in Iraq was a large part of his undoing with voters 100 Lieberman s former running candidate Al Gore did not support Lieberman s presidential run and in December 2003 endorsed Howard Dean s candidacy saying This is about all of us and all of us need to get behind the strongest candidate Dean 101 Finally Lieberman withdrew from the race without winning a single contest In total popular vote he placed 7th behind the eventual nominee Massachusetts senator John Kerry the eventual vice presidential nominee North Carolina Senator John Edwards former Governor of Vermont Howard Dean Ohio Representative Dennis Kucinich retired General Wesley Clark and Reverend Al Sharpton 102 2008 Further information 2008 United States presidential election nbsp Lieberman with Presidential Candidate John McCain at an event in Derry New Hampshire On December 17 2007 Lieberman endorsed Republican Senator John McCain for president in 2008 103 going against his party and going back on his stance in July 2006 when he stated I want Democrats to be back in the majority in Washington and elect a Democratic president in 2008 104 Lieberman cited his agreement with McCain s stance on the War on Terrorism as the primary reason for the endorsement 105 On June 5 2008 Lieberman launched Citizens for McCain hosted on the McCain campaign website to recruit Democratic support for John McCain s candidacy He emphasized the group s outreach to supporters of Hillary Clinton who was at that time broadly expected to lose the Democratic presidential nomination to Barack Obama 106 Citizens for McCain was prominently featured in McCain team efforts to attract disgruntled Hillary Clinton supporters such as Debra Bartoshevich 107 108 Lieberman spoke at the 2008 Republican National Convention on behalf of McCain and his running mate Alaska Governor Sarah Palin 109 Lieberman was alongside McCain and Senator Lindsey Graham during a visit to French president Nicolas Sarkozy on March 21 2008 110 Lieberman was mentioned as a possible vice presidential nominee on a McCain ticket 111 112 ABC News reported that Lieberman was McCain s first choice for vice president until several days before the selection when McCain had decided that picking Lieberman would alienate the conservative base of the Republican Party 113 114 Lieberman had been mentioned as a possible Secretary of State under a McCain administration 115 Many Democrats wanted Lieberman to be stripped of his chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs due to his support for John McCain which went against the party s wishes 116 Republican Minority Leader Mitch McConnell reached out to Lieberman asking him to caucus with the Republicans 117 Ultimately the Senate Democratic Caucus voted 42 to 13 to allow Lieberman to keep chairmanship although he did lose his membership for the Environment and Public Works Committee Subsequently Lieberman announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats 6 Lieberman credited President elect Barack Obama for helping him keep his chairmanship Obama had privately urged Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid not to remove Lieberman from his position Reid stated that Lieberman s criticism of Obama during the election angered him but that if you look at the problems we face as a nation is this a time we walk out of here saying Boy did we get even Senator Tom Carper of Delaware also credited the Democrats decision on Lieberman to Obama s support stating that If Barack can move on so can we 118 119 Some members of the Democratic caucus were reportedly angry at the decision not to punish Lieberman more severely The independent Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont stated that he voted to punish Lieberman because while millions of people worked hard for Obama Lieberman actively worked for four more years of President Bush s policies 119 Lieberman s embrace of certain conservative policies and in particular his endorsement of John McCain have been cited as factors for his high approval rating among Republicans in Connecticut with 66 of Republicans approving of him along with 52 of independents also approving of his job performance this is also cited for his mediocre approval rating among Democrats 44 approving and 46 disapproving 120 In September 2018 Lieberman gave a eulogy at the funeral of John McCain in which he stated that he had turned down a request to serve as McCain s 2008 running mate 121 2012 2016 and 2020 In April 2012 Lieberman announced that he would not make any public endorsements in the 2012 presidential election between President Obama and former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney 122 On August 10 2016 Lieberman endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election 123 On September 13 2020 Lieberman endorsed Democratic candidate Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election 124 Criticism nbsp Senator Lieberman speaking at a 2005 event to keep Alaska wild to save polar bears among other arctic wildlife Iraq War support Lieberman was a supporter of the Iraq War and urged action against Iran In July 2008 Lieberman spoke at the annual conference of Christians United for Israel CUFI In July 2009 he accepted CUFI s Defender of Israel Award from John Hagee 125 Pastor Hagee CUFI s founder and leader made a number of controversial remarks including a statement that the Catholic Church is the great whore and a suggestion that God allowed the Holocaust to happen to bring the Jews to Israel 126 Islamic extremism controversy In April 2010 Lieberman blasted President Obama for stripping terms like Islamic extremism from a key national security document calling the move dishonest wrong headed and disrespectful to the majority of Muslims who are not terrorists 127 Filibuster While favoring the filibuster and threatening to use it in 2009 to eliminate a public health option as part of the healthcare proposal Lieberman once strongly opposed the filibuster In 1995 he joined with Senator Tom Harkin to co sponsor an amendment to kill the filibuster Lieberman told the Hartford Courant The filibuster hurts the credibility of the entire Senate and impedes progress 128 Support for surveillance Lieberman favored greater use of surveillance cameras by the federal government and referred to attempts by Congress to investigate illegal wiretapping as partisan gridlock On June 19 2010 Lieberman introduced a bill called Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010 129 which he co wrote with Senator Susan Collins R ME and Senator Thomas Carper D DE If signed into law this controversial bill which the American media dubbed the Internet kill switch would grant the President emergency powers over the Internet however all three co authors of the bill issued a statement claiming that instead the bill narrowed existing broad Presidential authority to take over telecommunications networks 130 American computer security specialist and author Bruce Schneier objected to the kill switch proposal on the basis that it rests on several faulty assumptions and that it s too coarse a hammer However Schneier also wrote Defending his proposal Sen Lieberman pointed out that China has this capability It s debatable whether or not it actually does but it s actively pursuing the capability because the country cares less about its citizens Here in the U S it is both wrong and dangerous to give the president the power and ability to commit Internet suicide and terrorize Americans in this way 131 Suppressing whistleblowing Lieberman was a major opponent of the whistleblowing website WikiLeaks His staff made inquiries of Amazon com and other internet companies such as PayPal Visa and MasterCard which resulted in them suspending service to WikiLeaks Journalist Glenn Greenwald called Lieberman s actions one of the most pernicious acts by a U S Senator in quite some time and accused Lieberman of emulat ing Chinese dictators by abusing his position as Homeland Security Chairman to thuggishly dictate to private companies which websites they should and should not host and more important what you can and cannot read on the Internet 132 Lieberman also suggested that The New York Times and other news organisations publishing the U S embassy cables being released by WikiLeaks could be investigated for breaking US espionage laws 133 Along with Senators John Ensign and Scott Brown Lieberman introduced a bill to amend the Espionage Act in order to facilitate the prosecution of folks like Wikileaks 134 Critics have noted that l eaking classified information in the first place is already a crime so the measure is aimed squarely at publishers and that Lieberman s proposed solution to WikiLeaks could have implications for journalists reporting on some of the more unsavory practices of the intelligence community 135 Legal analyst Benjamin Wittes called the proposed legislation the worst of both worlds saying It leaves intact the current World War I era Espionage Act provision 18 U S C 793 e a law with many problems and then takes a currently well drawn law and expands its scope to the point that it covers a lot more than the most reckless of media excesses A lot of good journalism would be a crime under this provision after all knowingly and willfully publishing material concerning the human intelligence activities of the United States or any foreign government is no small part of what a good newspaper does 134 As a result of these statements and actions Lieberman was perceived as an opponent of Internet free speech and become the target of Anonymous attacks under Operation Payback 136 137 Political positionsMain article Political positions of Joe Lieberman nbsp Senator Lieberman with German Chancellor Angela Merkel at the 2007 Munich Security Conference nbsp Senator Lieberman with bipartisan delegation John McCain R AZ Lindsey Graham R SC and Kirsten Gillibrand D NY visit International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan and Commander of NATO and ISAF David H Petraeus in 2010 Lieberman was a strong advocate for the war in Iraq 138 He was also a strong supporter of the U S Israel relationship 139 On domestic issues he supported free trade economics 140 while also reliably voting for pro trade union legislation 141 As part of the Gang of 14 he opposed filibustering Republican judicial appointments 142 Lieberman was a supporter of abortion rights 143 and of the rights of gays and lesbians to be protected with hate crime legislation and to serve openly in the military 144 Lieberman was one of the Senate s leading opponents of violence in video games and on television Lieberman described himself as being genuinely an Independent saying I agree more often than not with Democrats on domestic policy I agree more often than not with Republicans on foreign and defense policy 145 Lieberman was known for his leadership in the successful effort to repeal the Don t ask don t tell policy regarding sexual orientation in the U S Armed Forces 146 147 148 During debate on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Lieberman opposed the public option As the crucial 60th vote needed to pass the legislation his opposition to the public option was critical for its removal from the resulting bill 7 Lieberman was an integral part in attempting to stop WikiLeaks from publishing further material using U S based corporations in the United States diplomatic cables leak of 2010 149 That same year he joined Republican Senator Scott Brown and bipartisan House members Jason Altmire and Charlie Dent in introducing the Terrorist Expatriation Act which proposed stripping citizenship rights from Americans who took arms against the United States or provided material support to enemy combatants The bill received mixed reviews and was heavily criticized by some senior Democrats 150 151 In June 2015 Lieberman was a signatory to a public letter written by a bipartisan group of 19 U S diplomats experts and others on the then pending negotiations for an agreement between Iran and world powers over Iran s nuclear program 152 153 That letter outlined concerns about several provisions in the then unfinished agreement and called for a number of improvements to strengthen the prospective agreement and win the letter writers support for it 152 The final agreement concluded in July 2015 shows the influence of the letter 152 In May 2021 Lieberman expressed support for Israel in the Israeli Palestinian conflict and praised the quiet and effective diplomacy of President Biden who was not drawn in by the left of the Democratic Party to essentially take a stand against Israel 154 Post Senate careerA survey in October 2010 showed that Lieberman had an approval rating of 31 and that just 24 of Connecticut voters felt he deserved re election 155 Lieberman announced on January 19 2011 that he would retire from the Senate at the end of his fourth term 156 157 Lieberman gave his farewell address on December 12 2012 158 He was succeeded by Democratic representative Chris Murphy 159 Following his retirement from the Senate Lieberman moved to Riverdale Bronx and registered to vote in New York as a Democrat 1 He became senior counsel of the white collar criminal defense and investigations practice at Kasowitz Benson Torres amp Friedman a law firm in New York City whose notable clients include Donald Trump 160 In March 2013 it was announced that Lieberman would be joining the conservative American Enterprise Institute think tank as co chairman of their American Internationalism Project alongside former Republican Senator Jon Kyl 161 In February 2014 Lieberman was named as Counselor at the National Bureau of Asian Research 162 Additionally he served as the Lieberman Chair of Public Policy and Public Service at Yeshiva University where he taught an undergraduate course in political science 11 nbsp Lieberman speaks with former Republican Party presidential candidate and Governor of Utah Jon Huntsman Jr at a bipartisan event hosted by the No Labels Foundation in 2016 In 2015 Lieberman served as co chair of the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense a commission that recommended changes to U S policy regarding biodefense 163 In order to address biological threats facing the nation the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense created a 33 step initiative for the U S Government to implement Lieberman headed the organization with former Governor Tom Ridge and the Study Panel assembled in Washington D C for four meetings concerning current biodefense programs The Study Panel concluded that the federal government had inadequate defense mechanisms in case of a biological event The Study Panel s final report The National Blueprint for Biodefense proposes a string of solutions and recommendations for the U S Government to take including items such as giving the vice president authority over biodefense responsibilities and merging the entire biodefense budget These solutions represent the Panel s call to action in order to increase awareness and activity for pandemic related issues 164 In 2022 the group released a report recommending a 10 billion 10 year program to prevent the next pandemic in the wake of the COVID 19 pandemic 165 In August 2015 Lieberman became chairman of the advocacy group United Against Nuclear Iran UANI 166 In March 2016 Lieberman was hired by the Schaghticoke Tribal Nation to assist the group in challenging Connecticut laws giving exemptions to only the top two state gaming tribes to build casinos 167 168 That same year Lieberman joined the Muslim Jewish Advisory Council an organization founded to address anti Muslim and anti Jewish bigotry in the United States 169 Lieberman was also on the advisory board of the Counter Extremism Project CEP 170 In early 2017 Lieberman introduced President elect Donald Trump s nominee as Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos to the Senate Health Education Labor and Pension committee One report on Lieberman s involvement was critical of him for failing to disclose in his testimony the extensive legal work his Kasowitz Benson Torres amp Friedman law firm had done for Donald Trump since at least as long ago as 2001 The work included bankrupt casino restructuring and during the 2016 campaign threatening The New York Times over publication of a few 1995 Trump tax documents 171 On May 17 2017 Lieberman was interviewed by President Donald Trump for the position of FBI Director to replace recently fired James Comey 172 The interview took place against the background of the appointment of Special Counsel Robert Mueller to investigate issues connected to Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections 173 Speaking to reporters while meeting with Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos Trump said he was very close to choosing a new FBI director to replace James Comey and when asked if Lieberman was his top pick Trump said yes 174 The President also stated that the odds were better than 50 50 that his pick for FBI director would be made before he departed for his first trip abroad on Friday 175 however no announcement was made publicly on Friday 175 On May 25 2017 Lieberman officially withdrew his name from consideration 176 On July 17 2018 Lieberman published an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal imploring people to vote for Joe Crowley who was defeated in the Democratic primary by Alexandria Ocasio Cortez Crowley would run on the Working Families Party line without support of a major party similar to how Lieberman defeated Lamont in 2006 Lieberman continued to remain critical of Ocasio Cortez stating that With all respect I certainly hope she s not the future and I don t believe she is 177 In January 2019 Lieberman officially registered as a lobbyist working for ZTE but stated that his work for the corporation will be limited to assess national security concerns and will not include actual lobbying 178 In July 2022 Lieberman became one of the founding members of a group of U S business and policy leaders which shares the goal of engaging constructively with China and improving U S China relations 179 Personal life and deathLieberman met his first wife Betty Haas at the congressional office of Senator Abraham Ribicoff D CT where they worked as summer student interns They married in 1965 while Joe Lieberman was in law school They had two children Matt and Rebecca Betty who is also Jewish later worked as a psychiatric social worker In 1981 the couple divorced When asked about the divorce in an interview with New York Magazine Lieberman said one of the differences we had was in levels of religious observance adding I m convinced if that was the only difference we wouldn t have gotten divorced 180 nbsp Senator Lieberman and his wife Hadassah riding the United States Capitol subway system to the U S Capitol in 2011 In 1982 he met his second wife Hadassah Freilich Tucker while he was running for Attorney General of Connecticut Hadassah Tucker s parents were Holocaust survivors 14 According to Washington Jewish Week Lieberman called her for a date because he thought it would be interesting to go out with someone named Hadassah Hadassah is the name of the Women s Zionist Organization of America 181 From March 2005 Hadassah Lieberman worked for Hill amp Knowlton a lobbying firm based in New York City as a senior counselor in its health and pharmaceuticals practice She held senior positions at the Hospital of Saint Raphael in New Haven the American Committee for Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International APCO Pfizer National Research Council Hoffmann La Roche and Lehman Brothers 182 Joe and Hadassah Lieberman had a daughter Hana In 2018 she made Aliyah to Israel with her family 183 Lieberman also had a stepson from Hadassah s previous marriage with Gordon Tucker Ethan Tucker Lieberman s son Matt graduated from Yale University and from Yale Law School 184 He is the former head of the school of Greenfield Hebrew Academy in Atlanta 185 He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2020 United States Senate special election in Georgia 186 Rebecca Lieberman s daughter graduated from Barnard College in 1991 and from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1997 187 Lieberman s stepson Ethan graduated from Harvard College in 1997 and received his rabbinic ordination from the Chief Rabbinate of Israel 188 189 nbsp Lieberman with Marty Markowitz at the 2011 Brooklyn Book Festival to discuss the role spirituality played in his lifeLieberman described himself as an observant Jew 2 His first wife Betty Haas is a Reform Jew After the death of his grandmother a deeply religious immigrant in 1967 he found a renewed interest in religious observance His second wife Hadassah is also an observant Modern Orthodox Jew Hadassah calls herself my right wing said Lieberman 180 In Lieberman s 1988 upset of Republican Party incumbent Senator Lowell Weicker Lieberman s religious observance was mostly viewed in terms of refusal to campaign on the Jewish Sabbath This changed when Al Gore chose Lieberman as the running mate a Lieberman press officer who spoke on condition of anonymity said He refers to himself as observant as opposed to Orthodox because he doesn t follow the strict Orthodox code and doesn t want to offend the Orthodox and his wife feels the same way 190 The Liebermans kept a kosher home and observed the Sabbath 190 In one notable instance then Senator Lieberman walked to the Capitol after Sabbath services to block a Republican filibuster 191 Lieberman said that there was currently a constitutional place for faith in our public life and that the Constitution does not provide for freedom from religion 192 He attended Kesher Israel Congregation in Georgetown Washington D C and Beth Hamedrosh Hagodol B nai Israel The Westville Synagogue New Haven Connecticut 193 He also attended Congregation Agudath Sholom in his hometown of Stamford Lieberman was an admirer of the last Lubavitcher Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson He said of Schneerson I was impressed by this man by his obvious spirituality by his soaring intellect by the extent to which he was involved in the world 194 He said he had studied the commentaries of Rabbis Joseph Ber Soloveitchik and Abraham Isaac Kook 14 Lieberman was the first person of Jewish background or faith to run on a major party presidential ticket 195 Lieberman said that he liked to sing and was a fan of Frank Sinatra whose song My Way was the theme of his first Senate campaign 14 He chanted the classic section of Proverbs Eshet Hayil to his wife every Friday night 14 On March 27 2024 Lieberman died at NewYork Presbyterian Hospital aged 82 from injuries that he sustained in a fall at his home in the Bronx 196 197 He received tributes from many including from Presidents Joe Biden Barack Obama George W Bush and Bill Clinton Vice Presidents Kamala Harris Mike Pence and Al Gore Senators Tom Cotton and Lindsey Graham and Israeli politicians Isaac Herzog and Benjamin Netanyahu 198 199 200 201 non primary source needed 202 203 non primary source needed Lieberman is entombed in the cemetery at Congregation Agudath Sholom 204 Electoral historyMain article Electoral history of Joe LiebermanAwards nbsp Senator Lieberman visits Navy base in Groton Connecticut In 2008 Lieberman received the U S Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards 205 In 2011 the National Defense University foundation honored Senators Lieberman and John McCain the American Patriot Award for their lifetimes of public service They were recognized for their outstanding record of contributions to America s national security armed forces and veterans throughout their impressive careers in government 206 In 2011 Lieberman was awarded St George Order of Victory by President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili for his support of Georgia following their 2008 war with Russia 207 Published worksLieberman authored at least ten books including The Power Broker 1966 a biography of the late Democratic Party chairman John M Bailey 208 209 The Scorpion and the Tarantula 1970 a study of early efforts to control nuclear proliferation 210 211 The Legacy 1981 a history of Connecticut politics from 1930 to 1980 212 213 Child Support in America Practical Advice on Negotiating and Collecting a Fair Settlement 1986 a guidebook on methods to increase the collection of child support from delinquent fathers 214 215 In Praise of Public Life 2000 216 217 An Amazing Adventure Joe and Hadassah s Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign 2003 reflecting on his 2000 vice presidential run 218 219 The Gift of Rest Rediscovering the Beauty of the Sabbath 2011 written with David Klinghoffer 220 221 With Liberty and Justice The Fifty Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai 2018 on a trip with Rabbi Ari D Kahn 222 223 and The Centrist Solution How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again 2021 224 225 226 In his book Ticking Time Bomb Counter Terrorism Lessons from the U S Government s Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack 2011 he described Australian Muslim preacher Feiz Mohammad American Yemeni imam Anwar al Awlaki Muslim cleric Abdullah el Faisal and Pakistani American Samir Khan as virtual spiritual sanctioners who use the internet to offer religious justification for Islamist terrorism 227 See alsoConservative Democrat Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates List of Jewish American jurists List of Jewish members of the United States Congress List of United States senators who switched partiesReferences a b 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Lieberman Tweet Retrieved March 29 2024 via Twitter Harris Kamala March 28 2024 Statement from Vice President Kamala Harris on the Passing of Former U S Senator Joe Lieberman White House Archived from the original on March 28 2024 Retrieved March 29 2024 Pence Mike Mike Pence March 28 2024 Karen and I were saddened to learn of the passing of Senator Joe Lieberman and mourn his loss with all who admired this truly good man and dedicated public servant While we often differed on domestic policies Senator Lieberman was an unwavering advocate for a strong National Defense throughout his years in the US Senate and Israel had no greater American champion In his many years in public life Joe also carried himself with a gentleness and civility that earned him the respect of his peers across party lines We pray that his Memory be a Blessing for his beloved wife Hadassah and the entire the Lieberman family G d bless Joe Lieberman Tweet Retrieved March 29 2024 via Twitter Dixon Ken Joe Lieberman remembered by Gore Dodd others at funeral in Stamford Norwalk Hour Archived from the original on March 29 2024 Retrieved March 30 2024 National Jefferson Awards Foundation Archived from the original on November 24 2010 Retrieved August 5 2013 Senators John McCain and Joseph Lieberman National Defense University Foundation Rogin Josh January 14 2011 Saakashvili honors Lieberman for bringing Joe mentum to Georgia s cause Foreign Policy Retrieved April 1 2024 Lieberman Joseph I 1966 The Power Broker A Biography of John M Bailey Modern Political Boss Houghton Mifflin Archived from the original on April 1 2024 Retrieved March 31 2024 Lyford Joseph P March 1967 The Power Broker The Yale Law Journal 76 4 859 doi 10 2307 795042 JSTOR 795042 Lieberman Joseph I 1970 The Scorpion and the Tarantula The Struggle to Control Atomic Weapons 1945 1949 Houghton Mifflin Archived from the original on April 1 2024 Retrieved March 31 2024 Burns E L M December 1971 Review The Scorpion and the Tarantula the Struggle to Control Atomic Weapons 1945 1949 International Journal Canada s Journal of Global Policy Analysis 26 4 794 796 doi 10 1177 002070207102600414 ISSN 0020 7020 Archived from the original on April 1 2024 Retrieved March 31 2024 Lieberman Joseph I 1981 The Legacy Connecticut Politics 1930 1980 Spoonwood Press ISBN 978 0 939026 01 2 OL 8418053M BOOKS LIEBERMAN PROFILES JOHN BAILEY The New York Times December 20 1981 Retrieved April 1 2024 Lieberman Joseph I July 1 1988 Child Support in America Practical Advice for Negotiating and Collecting a Fair Settlement Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 04210 8 OCLC 18627712 OL 10317960M Pearl David July 1987 Child Support in America By Joseph I Lieberman New Haven and London Yale University Press 1986 xiii 114 and Index 8 pp Hardback 14 95 net Cambridge Law Journal 46 2 346 347 doi 10 1017 S0008197300120069 ISSN 1469 2139 Lieberman Joseph I August 8 2000 In Praise Of Public Life Simon and Schuster ISBN 978 0 7432 1440 7 OL 36184079M In Praise of Public Life by Joseph I Lieberman www publishersweekly com Publishers Weekly 2000 Retrieved April 1 2024 Lieberman Joseph I Lieberman Hadassah January 17 2003 An Amazing Adventure Joe and Hadassah s Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign Simon and Schuster ISBN 978 0 7432 3877 9 OL 36184406M Retrieved April 1 2024 A Jewish President Kosher Food Shabbat Walks Campaigning Lieberman Style Jewish Telegraphic Agency March 20 2015 Retrieved April 1 2024 In the new book An Amazing Adventure Joe and Hadassah s Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign Lieberman and his wife reflect on how faith played a role not just in the candidate s policy statements but the logistics of the campaign Lieberman Joseph I Klinghoffer David August 7 2012 The Gift of Rest Rediscovering the Beauty of the Sabbath Simon and Schuster ISBN 978 1 4516 2731 2 Klinghoffer David March 28 2024 Joe Lieberman Edel National Review Lieberman Joseph I Kahn Ari D 2018 With Liberty and Justice The Fifty Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai Toby Press LLC ISBN 978 1 59264 501 5 OL 43710329M Halpern Stu June 26 2018 With Liberty and Justice The Fifty Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai www jewishbookcouncil org Jewish Book Council Retrieved April 1 2024 Lieberman Joseph I October 19 2021 The Centrist Solution How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again Diversion Books ISBN 978 1 63576 905 0 OL 48203524M Joe Lieberman on His New Book The Centrist Solution C SPAN org December 27 2021 Retrieved April 1 2024 The Centrist Solution How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again by Senator Joseph I Lieberman www publishersweekly com Publishers Weekly July 23 2021 Retrieved April 1 2024 Joseph I Lieberman 2011 Ticking Time Bomb Counter Terrorism Lessons from the U S Government s Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack Diane Publishing ISBN 9781437981223 Retrieved April 22 2013 External links nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joseph Lieberman nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Joe Lieberman nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about Joe Lieberman Official site U S Senate website Directories and databases Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Financial information federal office at the Federal Election Commission Profile at Vote Smart Appearances on C SPAN Connecticut State Senate Preceded byEdward Marcus Member of the Connecticut State Senatefrom the 11th district1971 1973 Succeeded byAnthony Ciarlone Preceded byAnthony Ciarlone Member of the Connecticut State Senatefrom the 10th district1973 1981 Succeeded byJohn Daniels Legal offices Preceded byCarl R Ajello Attorney General of Connecticut1983 1989 Succeeded byClarine Nardi Riddle Party political offices Preceded byToby Moffett Democratic nominee for U S Senator from Connecticut Class 1 1988 1994 2000 Succeeded byNed Lamont Preceded byDave McCurdy Chair of the Democratic Leadership Council1995 2001 Succeeded byEvan Bayh Preceded byAl Gore Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States2000 Succeeded byJohn Edwards U S Senate Preceded byLowell Weicker U S Senator Class 1 from Connecticut1989 2013 Served alongside Chris Dodd Richard Blumenthal Succeeded byChris Murphy Preceded byFred Thompson Chair of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee2001 2003 Succeeded bySusan Collins Preceded bySusan Collins Chair of the Senate Homeland Security Committee2007 2013 Succeeded byTom Carper Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Joe Lieberman amp oldid 1222834877, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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