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Wikipedia

Robin Williams

October 24, 2023

Not to be confused with Robbie Williams. For other people named Robin Williams, see Robin Williams (disambiguation).

Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian. Known for his improvisational skills[1][2] and the wide variety of characters he created on the spur of the moment and portrayed on film, in dramas and comedies alike,[3][4] he is regarded as one of the greatest comedians of all time.[5][6][7] He received numerous accolades including an Academy Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards, six Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and five Grammy Awards.

Robin Williams
Williams in 2011
Born
Robin McLaurin Williams

(1951-07-21)July 21, 1951
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedAugust 11, 2014(2014-08-11) (aged 63)
Paradise Cay, California, U.S.
Education
Occupations
  • Actor
  • comedian
Years active1976–2014
WorksFull list
Spouses
Valerie Velardi
​
​
(m. 1978; div. 1988)​
​
​
(m. 1989; div. 2010)​
Susan Schneider
​
(m. 2011)​
Children3, including Zelda
Comedy career
Medium
  • Stand-up
  • film
  • television
Genres
Robin Williams's voice
On September 30, 1988, the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-26) crew started its day with a wakeup call from Williams imitating his character Adrian Cronauer in the 1987 film Good Morning, Vietnam.

Williams began performing stand-up comedy in San Francisco and Los Angeles during the mid-1970s, and released several comedy albums including Reality ... What a Concept in 1980.[8] He rose to fame playing the alien Mork in the ABC sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978–1982).[9] He received his first leading film role in Popeye (1980). Williams went on to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Good Will Hunting (1997). His other Oscar-nominated roles were for Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), Dead Poets Society (1989), and The Fisher King (1991).

Williams starred in the critically acclaimed dramas The World According to Garp (1982), Moscow on the Hudson (1984), Dead Poets Society (1989), Awakenings (1990), Patch Adams (1998), Insomnia (2002), One Hour Photo (2002), and World's Greatest Dad (2009). He also starred in family films such as Hook (1991), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Jumanji (1995), Jack (1996), Flubber (1997), RV (2006), and the Night at the Museum trilogy (2006–2014). He lent his voice to the animated films Aladdin (1992), Robots (2005), Happy Feet (2006), and its 2011 sequel.

Williams was found dead at his home in Paradise Cay, California, in August 2014, at the age of 63.[10] His death was ruled a suicide. According to Williams' widow, he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, and had been experiencing depression, anxiety, and increasing paranoia.[11] His autopsy found "diffuse Lewy body disease"[12][11] and Lewy body dementia professionals said his symptoms were consistent with dementia with Lewy bodies.[13][14][12]

Early life

Williams was born at St. Luke's Hospital in Chicago, Illinois,[15] on July 21, 1951.[16] His father, Robert Fitzgerald Williams (1906–1987), was a senior executive in Ford's Lincoln-Mercury Division.[17][18] His mother, Laurie McLaurin (1922–2001), was a former model from Jackson, Mississippi, whose great-grandfather was Mississippi senator and governor Anselm J. McLaurin.[19] Williams had two older half-brothers: a paternal half-brother, Robert (also known as Todd),[20] and a maternal half-brother, McLaurin.[21] While his mother was a practitioner of Christian Science, Williams was raised in his father's Episcopal faith.[22][23] During a television interview on Inside the Actors Studio in 2001, Williams credited his mother as an important early influence on his humor, and he tried to make her laugh to gain attention.[24]

Williams attended public elementary school in Lake Forest at Gorton Elementary School and middle school at Deer Path Junior High School.[25] He described himself as a quiet child who did not overcome his shyness until he became involved with his high school drama department.[26] His friends recall him as very funny.[25] In late 1963, when Williams was 12, his father was transferred to Detroit. The family lived in a 40-room farmhouse on 20 acres (8 ha)[17] in suburban Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where he was a student at the private Detroit Country Day School.[25][27] He excelled in school, where he was on the school's wrestling team and was elected class president.[28]

As both his parents worked, Williams was partially raised by the family's maid, who was his main companion. When he was 16, his father took early retirement and the family moved to Tiburon, California.[17][29][30] Following their move, Williams attended Redwood High School in nearby Larkspur. At the time of his graduation in 1969, he was voted "Most Likely Not to Succeed" and "Funniest" by his classmates.[31] After high school graduation, Williams enrolled at Claremont Men's College in Claremont, California, to study political science; he dropped out to pursue acting.[17][32] Williams studied theater for three years at the College of Marin, a community college in Kentfield, California. According to the College of Marin's drama professor, James Dunn, the depth of the young actor's talent became evident when he was cast in the musical Oliver! as Fagin. Williams often improvised during his time in the drama program, leaving cast members in hysterics.[33] Dunn called his wife after one late rehearsal to tell her Williams "was going to be something special".[33]

In 1973, Williams attained a full scholarship to the Juilliard School (Group 6, 1973–1976) in New York City. He was one of 20 students accepted into the freshman class, and he and Christopher Reeve were the only two accepted by John Houseman into the Advanced Program at the school that year. William Hurt and Mandy Patinkin were also classmates.[34][35] According to biographer Jean Dorsinville, Franklyn Seales and Williams were roommates at Juilliard.[36] Reeve remembered his first impression of Williams when they were new students at Juilliard: "He wore tie-dyed shirts with tracksuit bottoms and talked a mile a minute. I'd never seen so much energy contained in one person. He was like an untied balloon that had been inflated and immediately released. I watched in awe as he virtually caromed off the walls of the classrooms and hallways. To say that he was 'on' would be a major understatement."[35]

Williams and Reeve had a class in dialects taught by Edith Skinner, who Reeve said was one of the world's leading voice and speech teachers; according to Reeve, Skinner was bewildered by Williams and his ability to instantly perform in many different accents. Their primary acting teacher was Michael Kahn, who was "equally baffled by this human dynamo".[35] Williams already had a reputation for being funny, but Kahn criticized his antics as simple stand-up comedy. In a later production, Williams silenced his critics with his well-received performance as an old man in Tennessee Williams's Night of the Iguana. Reeve wrote, "He simply was the old man. I was astonished by his work and very grateful that fate had thrown us together."[35] The two remained close friends until Reeve's death in 2004. Their friendship was like "brothers from another mother", according to Williams's son Zak.[37]

During the summers of 1974, 1975, and 1976, Williams worked as a busboy at The Trident in Sausalito, California.[38] He left Juilliard[39][40] during his junior year in 1976 at the suggestion of Houseman, who said there was nothing more Juilliard could teach him.[34][41] Gerald Freedman, another of his teachers at Juilliard, said Williams was a "genius" and that the school's conservative and classical style of training did not suit him; no one was surprised that he left.[42]

Career

Stand-up comedy

 
Williams at a United Service Organization (USO) show on December 20, 2007

Williams began performing stand-up comedy in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1976.[43] He gave his first performance at the Holy City Zoo, a comedy club in San Francisco, where he worked his way up from tending bar.[44] In the 1960s, San Francisco was a center for a rock music renaissance, hippies, drugs, and a sexual revolution, and in the late 1970s, Williams helped lead its "comedy renaissance", writes critic Gerald Nachman.[8]: 6  Williams says he found out about "drugs and happiness" during that period, adding that he saw "the best brains of my time turned to mud".[34]

Williams moved to Los Angeles and continued performing stand-up at clubs, including The Comedy Store. There, in 1977, he was seen by TV producer George Schlatter, who asked him to appear on a revival of his show Laugh-In. The show aired in late 1977 and was his debut TV appearance.[34] That year, Williams also performed a show at the L.A. Improv for Home Box Office.[45] While the Laugh-In revival failed, it led Williams into his television career; he continued performing stand-up at comedy clubs such as the Roxy to help keep his improvisational skills sharp.[34][46] In England, Williams performed at The Fighting Cocks.[citation needed]

With his success on Mork & Mindy, Williams began to reach a wider audience with his stand-up comedy, starting in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, including three HBO comedy specials: Off The Wall (1978), An Evening with Robin Williams (1983), and A Night at the Met (1986).[47] Williams won a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album for the recording of his 1979 live show at the Copacabana in New York City, Reality ... What a Concept.[48]

David Letterman, who knew Williams for nearly 40 years, recalls seeing him first perform as a new comedian at The Comedy Store in Hollywood, where Letterman and other comedians had already been doing stand-up. "He came in like a hurricane", said Letterman, who said he then thought to himself, "Holy crap, there goes my chance in show business."[49]

 
Williams at Aviano Air Base (Italy) on December 22, 2007

Williams said that, partly due to the stress of performing stand-up, he started using drugs and alcohol early in his career. He further said that he neither drank nor took drugs while on stage, but occasionally performed when hung over from the previous day. During the period he was using cocaine, he said it made him paranoid when performing on stage.[50]

Williams once described the life of stand-up comedians as follows:

It's a brutal field, man. They burn out. It takes its toll. Plus, the lifestyle—partying, drinking, drugs. If you're on the road, it's even more brutal. You gotta come back down to mellow your ass out, and then performing takes you back up. They flame out because it comes and goes. Suddenly they're hot, and then somebody else is hot. Sometimes they get very bitter. Sometimes they just give up. Sometimes they have a revival thing and they come back again. Sometimes they snap. The pressure kicks in. You become obsessed and then you lose that focus that you need.[8]: 34–35 

Some, such as the critic Vincent Canby, were concerned that his monologues were so intense that it seemed as though at any minute his "creative process could reverse into a complete meltdown".[51] His biographer, Emily Herbert, described his "intense, utterly manic style of stand-up [which sometimes] defies analysis ... [going] beyond energetic, beyond frenetic ... [and sometimes] dangerous ... because of what it said about the creator's own mental state".[51]

Regarding the quick-fire delivery of his performance, he said: "Usually, you start off performing in bars, where you can't really take your time, because people go: [mimics a drunk person] 'Oi, what are you doing now?' So I developed a style that was very much synaptic: quick-firing, moving, so that they never really had a chance to lock on as a target."[52]

Williams felt secure that he would not run out of ideas, as the constant change in world events would keep him supplied.[50] He also explained that he often used free association of ideas while improvising to keep the audience interested.[53] The competitive nature of the show made things difficult. For example, some comedians said that Williams had stolen their jokes, which Williams strongly denied.[50][54][55] David Brenner claims that he confronted Williams's agent and threatened bodily harm if he heard Williams utter another one of his jokes.[56][57] Whoopi Goldberg defended him, asserting that it is difficult for comedians not to reuse another comedian's material, and that it is done "all the time".[58] He later avoided going to performances of other comedians to deter similar accusations.[58]

During a Playboy interview in 1992, Williams was asked whether he ever feared losing his balance between his work and his life. He replied, "There's that fear—if I felt like I was becoming not just dull but a rock, that I still couldn't speak, fire off or talk about things, if I'd start to worry or got too afraid to say something. ... If I stop trying, I get afraid." While he attributed the recent suicide of novelist Jerzy Kosiński to his fear of losing his creativity and sharpness, Williams felt he could overcome those risks. For that, he credited his father for strengthening his self-confidence, telling him to never be afraid of talking about subjects which were important to him.[50]

Williams's stand-up work was a consistent thread throughout his career, as seen by the success of his one-man show (and subsequent DVD) Robin Williams: Live on Broadway (2002). In 2004, he was voted 13th on Comedy Central's list of "100 Greatest Stand-ups of All Time".[59] After a six-year hiatus, in August 2008, Williams announced a new 26-city tour, Weapons of Self-Destruction. The tour began at the end of September 2009 and concluded in New York on December 3, and was the subject of an HBO Special on December 8, 2009.[60]

Television

Mork & Mindy

Main article: Mork & Mindy

After the Laugh-In revival and appearing in the cast of The Richard Pryor Show on NBC, Williams was cast by Garry Marshall as the alien Mork in a 1978 episode of the TV series Happy Days, "My Favorite Orkan".[34][61] Sought after as a last-minute cast replacement for a departing actor, Williams impressed the producer with his quirky sense of humor when he sat on his head when asked to take a seat for the audition.[62] As Mork, Williams improvised much of his dialogue and physical comedy, speaking in a high, nasal voice, and he made the most of the script. The cast and crew, as well as TV network executives, were deeply impressed with his performance. As such, the executives moved quickly to get the performer on contract just four days later before competitors could make their own offers.[63]

Mork's appearance proved so popular with viewers that it led to the spin-off television sitcom Mork & Mindy, which co-starred Pam Dawber, and ran from 1978 to 1982; the show was written to accommodate his extreme improvisations in dialogue and behavior. Although he portrayed the same character as in Happy Days, the series was set in the present in Boulder, Colorado, instead of the late 1950s in Milwaukee. Mork & Mindy at its peak had a weekly audience of sixty million and was credited with turning Williams into a "superstar".[34] Among young people, the show was very popular because Williams became "a man and a child, buoyant, rubber-faced, an endless gusher of ideas," according to critic James Poniewozik.[64]

 
Photo by Michael Dressler, used as cover photo for Time magazine, March 12, 1979

Mork became popular, featured on posters, coloring books, lunch-boxes, and other merchandise.[65] Mork & Mindy was such a success in its first season that Williams appeared on the March 12, 1979, cover of Time magazine.[66][67] The cover photo, taken by Michael Dressler in 1979, is said to have "[captured] his different sides: the funnyman mugging for the camera, and a sweet, more thoughtful pose that appears on a small TV he holds in his hands" according to Mary Forgione of the Los Angeles Times.[68] This photo was installed in the National Portrait Gallery in the Smithsonian Institution shortly after his death to allow visitors to pay their respects.[68] Williams also appeared on the cover of the August 23, 1979, issue of Rolling Stone, photographed by Richard Avedon.[69][70]

Later appearances

Starting in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, Williams began to reach a wider audience with his stand-up comedy, including three HBO comedy specials, Off the Wall (1978), An Evening with Robin Williams (1983), and A Night at the Met (1986). In 1986, Williams co-hosted the 58th Academy Awards.[71] Williams was also a regular guest on various talk shows, including The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson[72] and Late Night with David Letterman, on which he appeared 50 times.[49]

Williams appeared with fellow comedian Billy Crystal in an unscripted cameo at the beginning of an episode of the third season of Friends.[73] His many television appearances included an episode of Whose Line Is It Anyway?,[74] and he starred in an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. In 2006, Williams was the Surprise Guest at the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards,[75] and appeared on an episode of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition that aired on January 30.[76] In 2010, he appeared in a sketch with Robert De Niro on Saturday Night Live, and in 2012, he guest-starred as himself in two FX series, Louie and Wilfred.[77] In May 2013, CBS started a new series, The Crazy Ones, starring Williams,[78] but the show was canceled after one season.[79]

Film

See also: List of Robin Williams performances

The first film role credited to Robin Williams is a small part in the 1977 low-budget comedy Can I Do It... 'Til I Need Glasses?. His first starring performance, however, is as the title character in Popeye (1980), in which Williams showcased the acting skills previously demonstrated in his television work; accordingly, the film's commercial disappointment was not blamed on his performance.[80][81] He went on to star as the leading character in The World According to Garp (1982), which Williams considered "may have lacked a certain madness onscreen, but it had a great core".[44] He continued with other smaller roles in less successful films, such as The Survivors (1983) and Club Paradise (1986), though he said these roles did not help advance his film career.[44]

His first major break came from his starring role in director Barry Levinson's Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), which earned Williams a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor.[61] The film is set in 1965 during the Vietnam War, with Williams playing the role of Adrian Cronauer, a radio shock jock who keeps the troops entertained with comedy and sarcasm. Williams was allowed to play the role without a script, improvising most of his lines. Over the microphone, he created voice impressions of people, including Walter Cronkite, Gomer Pyle, Elvis Presley, Mr. Ed, and Richard Nixon.[44] "We just let the cameras roll", said producer Mark Johnson, and Williams "managed to create something new for every single take".[82]

Dramatic roles

 
Williams and Yola Czaderska-Hayek at the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990

Many of his subsequent roles were in comedies tinged with pathos, such as Mrs. Doubtfire and Patch Adams.[83] Looking over most of his filmography, one writer was "struck by the breadth" and radical diversity of most of the roles Williams portrayed.[84] In 1989, Williams played a private-school English teacher in Dead Poets Society, which included a final, emotional scene that some critics said "inspired a generation" and became a part of pop culture.[85] Similarly, his performance as a therapist in Good Will Hunting (1997) deeply affected even some real therapists.[86] In Awakenings (1990), Williams plays a doctor modeled after Oliver Sacks, who wrote the book on which the film is based. Sacks later said the way the actor's mind worked was a "form of genius". In 1991, he played an adult Peter Pan in the film Hook, although he had said he would have to lose 25 pounds for the role.[87] Terry Gilliam, who directed Williams in two of his films, The Fisher King (1991) and The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), said in 1992 that Williams had the ability to "go from manic to mad to tender and vulnerable ... [Williams had] the most unique mind on the planet. There's nobody like him out there."[50]

Other dramatic performances by Williams include Moscow on the Hudson (1984), What Dreams May Come (1998), and Bicentennial Man (1999).[88] During the early 2000s, Williams demonstrated a new rank of his versatility by playing darker roles than he had in the previous decades. In Insomnia (2002), Williams portrayed a murderer on the run from a sleep-deprived Los Angeles police detective (played by Al Pacino) in rural Alaska.[89] Also in 2002, in the psychological thriller One Hour Photo, Williams portrayed an emotionally disturbed photo development technician who becomes obsessed with a family for whom he has developed pictures for a long time.[90] In the 2004 science fiction psychological thriller The Final Cut, Williams played a professional who specializes in editing the memories of unsavory people into uncritical memorials that are played at funerals. The Angriest Man in Brooklyn was Williams' last movie to be released while he was alive. In the movie, Williams played Henry Altmann, an angry, bitter man who tries to change his life after being told he has a terminal illness.[91]

Williams' performances garnered him various accolades, including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Good Will Hunting;[61] as well as two previous Academy Award nominations, for Dead Poets Society, and as a troubled homeless man in The Fisher King, respectively.[61] Among the actors who helped him during his acting career, he credited Robert De Niro, from whom he learned the power of silence and economy of dialogue when acting. From Dustin Hoffman, with whom he co-starred in Hook, he learned to take on totally different character types, and to transform his characters by extreme preparation. Mike Medavoy, producer of Hook, told its director, Steven Spielberg, that he intentionally teamed up Hoffman and Williams for the film because he knew they wanted to work together, and that Williams welcomed the opportunity of working with Spielberg.[92] Having Woody Allen, who directed him and Billy Crystal in Deconstructing Harry (1997), helped Williams. Allen knew that Crystal and Williams had often worked together on stage.[93]

Voice roles

 
Williams in Washington, D.C., 1996

While Williams voiced characters in several animated films, his voice role as the Genie in the animated musical Aladdin (1992) was written for him. The film's directors said they had taken a risk by writing the role.[94] At first, Williams refused the role since it was a Disney movie, and he did not want the studio profiting by selling merchandise based on the movie. He accepted the role with certain conditions: "I'm doing it basically because I want to be part of this animation tradition. I want something for my children. One deal is, I just don't want to sell anything—as in Burger King, as in toys, as in stuff."[95] Williams improvised much of his dialogue, recording approximately 30 hours of tape,[17] and impersonated dozens of celebrities, including Ed Sullivan, Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Groucho Marx, Rodney Dangerfield, William F. Buckley Jr., Peter Lorre, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Arsenio Hall.[96] His role in Aladdin became one of his most recognized and best-loved, and the film was the highest-grossing of 1992; it won numerous awards, including a Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture for Williams.[97] His performance paved the way for other animated films to incorporate actors with more star power.[98] He was named a Disney Legend in 2009.[99]

Due to Disney breaking an agreement with Williams regarding the use of the Genie in the advertising for Aladdin, Williams refused to sign on for the direct-to-video sequel The Return of Jafar (1994), where the Genie was instead voiced by Dan Castellaneta. When Jeffrey Katzenberg was replaced by Joe Roth as Walt Disney Studios chairman, Roth organized a public apology to Williams.[100] Williams would, in turn, reprise the role in the second sequel, Aladdin and the King of Thieves (1996).[101]

Williams continued to provide voices in other animated films, including FernGully: The Last Rainforest (1992), Robots (2005), the Happy Feet film franchise (2006-2011), and an uncredited vocal performance in Everyone's Hero (2006). He also voiced the holographic character Dr. Know in the live-action film A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001). He was the voice of The Timekeeper, a former attraction at the Walt Disney World Resort about a time-traveling robot who encounters Jules Verne and brings him to the future.[102]

Later films

Years after the films, Janet Hirshenson revealed in an interview that Williams had expressed interest in portraying Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter film series, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus due to the "British-only edict".[103] In 2006, he starred in five movies, including Man of the Year, a political satire, and The Night Listener, a thriller about a radio show host who realizes that a child with whom he has developed a friendship may not exist.[88] Four films starring Williams were released after his death in 2014: Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb, A Merry Friggin' Christmas, Boulevard, and Absolutely Anything.[104]

Stage work

 
Williams at the USO World Gala in Washington, D.C., on October 1, 2008

Williams appeared opposite Steve Martin at Lincoln Center in an off-Broadway production of Waiting for Godot in 1988.[105][106] He headlined his own one-man show, Robin Williams: Live on Broadway, which played at the Broadway theater in July 2002.[107] He made his Broadway acting debut in Rajiv Joseph's Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo, which opened at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on March 31, 2011.[108]

Internet

Williams was the host of a talk show for Audible that aired in April 2000 and was only available on Audible's website.[109][110]

Additional works

Theatre

Year Title Role Notes
1988 Waiting for Godot Estragon Lincoln Center Theatre, New York
2011 Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo Tiger Richard Rodgers Theatre, Broadway

Discography

  • Reality ... What a Concept (Casablanca, 1979)
  • Throbbing Python of Love (Casablanca, 1983)
  • A Night at the Met (Columbia, 1986)
  • Live 2002 (Columbia, 2002)
  • Weapons of Self Destruction (Sony Music, 2009)

Personal life

Marriages and children

 
Williams with Marsha Garces at the 61st Academy Awards in 1989

Williams married his first wife, Valerie Velardi, in June 1978, following a live-in relationship with comedian Elayne Boosler.[111] Velardi and Williams met in 1976 while he was working as a bartender at a tavern in San Francisco. Their son, Zachary Pym "Zak" Williams, was born in 1983.[112] Velardi and Williams were divorced in 1988.[113]

While it was reported that Williams began an affair with Zachary's nanny, Marsha Garces in 1986,[114] Velardi stated in the 2018 documentary Robin Williams: Come Inside My Mind that the relationship with Garces began after the two had separated.[115] On April 30, 1989, Williams married Garces, who was six months pregnant with their first child. They had two children, Zelda Rae Williams (born 1989) and Cody Alan Williams (born 1991). In March 2008, Garces filed for divorce from Williams, citing irreconcilable differences.[116][117] Their divorce was finalized in 2010.

Williams married his third wife, graphic designer Susan Schneider, on October 22, 2011, in St. Helena, California.[118][119] The two lived at their house in Sea Cliff, San Francisco, California.[116]

Williams said, "My children give me a great sense of wonder. Just to see them develop into these extraordinary human beings."[120]

Other interests

 
Williams at the BBC World Debate on February 27, 2008

In New York City, Williams was part of the West Side YMCA runners club and showed promising results with 34:21 minutes at a 10K run in Central Park in 1975.[121]

His favorite books were the Foundation trilogy by Isaac Asimov,[122] and his favorite book as a child was The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, which he later shared with his children.[123]

Williams was an enthusiast of both pen-and-paper role-playing games and video games.[124][125][126] His daughter Zelda was named after the title character from The Legend of Zelda, a family favorite video game series, and he sometimes performed at consumer entertainment trade shows.[127][128][129]

Williams was a big fan of anime and collecting figures. His daughter described him as a "figurine hoarder"; one of his figures was the character Deunan Knute from the anime film Appleseed, which he was a fan of. He also liked the film Innocence Ghost in the Shell, and received a DVD copy of Paranoia Agent signed by its director, Satoshi Kon.[130][131][132]

He also became a devoted cycling enthusiast, having taken up the sport partly as a substitute for drugs. Eventually, he accumulated a large bicycle collection and became a fan of professional road cycling, often traveling to racing events such as the Tour de France.[133][134] In 2016, his children donated 87 of his bicycles in support of the Challenged Athletes Foundation and Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation.[135]

Religion

Williams was raised and sometimes identified himself as an Episcopalian. In a comedy routine, he described his denomination as "I have that idea of Chicago Protestant, Episcopal—Catholic light: half the religion, half the guilt."[136] He also described himself as an "honorary Jew",[137] and on Israel's 60th Independence Day in 2008, he appeared in Times Square, along with several other celebrities, to wish Israel a happy birthday.[138]

Philanthropy

In 1986, Williams teamed up with Whoopi Goldberg and Billy Crystal to found Comic Relief USA. This annual HBO television benefit devoted to the homeless raised $80 million as of  2014.[139] Bob Zmuda, creator of Comic Relief, explains that Williams felt blessed because he came from a wealthy home, but wanted to do something to help those less fortunate.[140] Williams made benefit appearances to support literacy and women's rights, along with appearing at benefits for veterans. He was a regular on the USO circuit, where he traveled to 13 countries and performed to approximately 90,000 troops.[141] After his death, the USO thanked him "for all he did for the men and women of our armed forces".[142]

Williams and his second wife, Marsha, founded a philanthropic organization called the Windfall Foundation to raise money for many charities. In December 1999, he sang in French on the BBC-inspired music video of international celebrities doing a cover of The Rolling Stones single "It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)" for the charity Children's Promise.[143]

 
Williams at Naval Support Activity Bahrain on December 19, 2003

In response to the 2010 Canterbury earthquake, he donated all proceeds of his Weapons of Self Destruction Christchurch performance to help rebuild the New Zealand city. Half the proceeds were donated to the Red Cross and half to the mayoral building fund.[144] Williams performed with the USO for U.S. troops stationed in Iraq and Afghanistan.[145]

For several years, Williams supported St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.[146]

Health

Addiction

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Williams had an addiction to cocaine.[61][147] He was a casual friend of John Belushi,[50] and the Saturday Night Live comic's death in 1982 from a drug overdose, which happened the morning after the two had partied together, along with the birth of his own son Zak, prompted him to quit drugs and alcohol: "Was it a wake-up call? Oh yeah, on a huge level. The grand jury helped, too."[61] Williams later said of Belushi's death, "It sobered the shit out of me."[148] Williams turned to exercise and cycling to help alleviate his depression shortly after Belushi's death; according to bicycle shop owner Tony Tom, Williams said, "cycling saved my life."[149][150][151]

In 2003, Williams started drinking again while working on the film The Big White (2005) in Alaska.[147] In 2006, he checked himself in to a substance-abuse rehabilitation center in Newberg, Oregon, saying he was an alcoholic.[152][153] Years afterward, Williams acknowledged his failure to maintain sobriety, but said he never returned to using cocaine, declaring in a 2010 interview:

No. Cocaine—paranoid and impotent, what fun. There was no bit of me thinking, ooh, let's go back to that. Useless conversations until midnight, waking up at dawn feeling like a vampire on a day pass. No.[147]

In mid-2014, Williams admitted himself into the Hazelden Foundation Addiction Treatment Center in Center City, Minnesota, for treatment for alcoholism.[154]

Later health problems

In March 2009, he was hospitalized due to heart problems. He postponed his one-man tour for surgery to replace his aortic valve,[155] repair his mitral valve, and correct his irregular heartbeat.[156] The surgery was completed on March 13, 2009, at the Cleveland Clinic.[157]

His publicist, Mara Buxbaum, commented that he had severe depression before his death.[158] His wife, Susan Schneider, said that in the period before his death, Williams had been sober, but was diagnosed with early-stage Parkinson's disease, which was information he was "not yet ready to share publicly".[159][160] An autopsy revealed that Williams had diffuse Lewy bodies (which had been misdiagnosed as Parkinson's) and this may have contributed to his depression.[161][162][163]

In an essay published in the journal Neurology two years after his death, Schneider revealed that the pathology of Lewy body disease in Williams was described by several doctors as among the worst pathologies they had seen. She described the early symptoms of his disease as beginning in October 2013. Williams's initial condition included a sudden and prolonged spike in fear and anxiety, stress and insomnia, which worsened in severity to include memory loss, paranoia, and delusions. According to Schneider, "Robin was losing his mind and he was aware of it ... He kept saying, 'I just want to reboot my brain.'"[164]

Death

Williams was found dead in his home in Paradise Cay, California, on August 11, 2014.[10][165] The final autopsy report, released in November 2014, concluded that Williams' death was a suicide resulting from "asphyxia due to hanging".[166] Neither alcohol nor illegal drugs were involved, and prescription drugs present in his body were at therapeutic levels. The report also noted that Williams had depression and anxiety.[167][168] An examination of his brain tissue suggested Williams had "diffuse Lewy body dementia".[162] Describing the disease as "the terrorist inside my husband's brain", his widow Susan Schneider Williams said that "however you look at it—the presence of Lewy bodies took his life", referring to his previous diagnosis of Parkinson's.[164] She noted "how we as a culture don't have the vocabulary to discuss brain disease in the way we do about depression. Depression is a symptom of LBD and it's not about psychology – it's rooted in neurology. His brain was falling apart."[169] Medical experts struggled to determine a cause, and eventually diagnosed him with Parkinson's disease.[164]

The Lewy Body Dementia Association (LBDA) clarified the distinction between the term used in the autopsy report, "diffuse Lewy body dementia"—which is more commonly called "diffuse Lewy body disease" and refers to the underlying disease process—and the umbrella term "Lewy body dementia"—which encompasses both Parkinson's disease dementia (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).[12] According to LBDA spokesperson Dennis Dickson, "The report confirms he experienced depression, anxiety, and paranoia, which may occur in either Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. ... In early PD, Lewy bodies are generally limited in distribution, but in DLB, the Lewy bodies are spread widely throughout the brain, as was the case with Robin Williams."[12] Ian G. McKeith, professor and researcher of Lewy body dementias, commented that Williams's symptoms and autopsy findings were explained by DLB.[13]

Williams' body was cremated at Monte's Chapel of the Hills in San Anselmo, and his ashes were scattered over San Francisco Bay on August 21, 2014.[170][171]

Aftermath and tributes

 
Floral tributes to Williams at the San Francisco Pacific Heights home used for the filming of Mrs. Doubtfire, August 2014

Williams' death instantly became global news. The entertainment world, friends, and fans responded to his death through social and other media outlets.[172] Schneider said: "I lost my husband and my best friend, while the world lost one of its most beloved artists and beautiful human beings. I am utterly heartbroken."[173] His daughter Zelda Williams responded to his death by saying the "world is forever a little darker, less colorful and less full of laughter in his absence".[174]

President Barack Obama released a statement upon Williams's death:

Robin Williams was an airman, a doctor, a genie, a nanny, a president, a professor, a bangarang Peter Pan, and everything in between ... He arrived in our lives as an alien—but he ended up touching every element of the human spirit. He made us laugh. He made us cry. He gave his immeasurable talent freely and generously to those who needed it most—from our troops stationed abroad to the marginalized on our own streets.[175]

Williams was scheduled to be the "Blackmail" special guest for the final night of Monty Python's ten-date stage shows in London one month before his death—with one of his friends, Monty Python's Eric Idle—but canceled, stating he was "suffering from severe depression" at the time.[176] When the show was released on video, it was dedicated to Williams.[176]

At the United Nations headquarters on August 12, 2014, Robin Williams was celebrated during the opening of the International Youth Day. In the presence of U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, Assistant Secretary General Thomas Gass paid tribute to Williams by standing on the pulpit of the ECOSOC Chamber and quoting Keating's lines from the 1989 film Dead Poets Society: "Dare to look at things in a different way!"[177] Several fans similarly paid tribute to Williams on social media with photo and video reenactments of Dead Poets Society's "O Captain! My Captain!" scene.[178]

Shortly after his death, Disney Channel, Disney XD, and Disney Junior all aired the original Aladdin commercial-free over the course of a week, with a dedicated drawing of the genie at the end of each airing before the credits.[179] In honor of his theater work, the lights of Broadway were darkened for the evening of August 14, 2014.[180] That night, the cast of the Aladdin musical honored Williams by having the audience join them in a sing-along of "Friend Like Me", an Oscar-nominated song originally sung by Williams in the 1992 film Aladdin.[181]

 
The Los Angeles Theatre honors Williams on its marquee, August 2014.

Fans of Williams created makeshift memorials at his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame[182] and at locations from his television and film career, such as the bench in Boston's Public Garden featured in Good Will Hunting;[183] the Pacific Heights, San Francisco home used in Mrs. Doubtfire;[184] the sign for Parrish Shoes in Keene, New Hampshire, where parts of Jumanji were filmed;[185] and the Boulder, Colorado home used for Mork & Mindy.[186]

During the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards on August 25, 2014, close friend and fellow comedian Billy Crystal presented a tribute to Williams, referring to him as "the brightest star in our comedy galaxy". Afterwards, some of Williams's best comedy moments were shown, including his first ever The Tonight Show appearance, indicating his great life in making people laugh.[187][188] Talk show hosts including David Letterman, Conan O'Brien, Seth Meyers, Jimmy Kimmel, and Jimmy Fallon paid tribute to Williams on their respective shows.[189]

On September 9, 2014, PBS aired a one-hour special devoted to his career,[190] and on September 27, 2014, dozens of leading stars and celebrities held a tribute in San Francisco to celebrate his life and career.[191]

British heavy metal band Iron Maiden dedicated a song to Williams, titled "Tears of a Clown", on their 2015 album The Book of Souls. The song looks into his depression and suicide and how he attempted to hide his condition from the public.[192]

A tunnel, painted with a rainbow, on Highway 101 north of the Golden Gate Bridge was officially named the "Robin Williams Tunnel" on February 29, 2016.[193]

In 2017, Sharon Meadow in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, the home of the annual Comedy Day, was renamed Robin Williams Meadow.[194]

In 2018, HBO produced a documentary about his life and career. Directed by Marina Zenovich, the film, Robin Williams: Come Inside My Mind, was also screened at the Sundance Film Festival.[195] That same year, a mural of Robin Williams was created on Market Street in San Francisco.[196][197] Work on a book biography was begun by New York Times writer David Itzkoff in 2014,[198] and was published in 2018, entitled simply Robin.[199]

In August 2020, Vertical Entertainment released a trailer for a new documentary, Robin's Wish, exploring Williams's battle with Lewy body dementia. The film, directed by Tylor Norwood, was digitally released on September 1, 2020.[200]

In a Netflix special released in May 2022, The Hall: Honoring the Greats of Stand-Up inducted Williams into the National Comedy Center in Jamestown, New York.[201]

Influences

Williams credited comedians including Jonathan Winters, Peter Sellers, Nichols and May, and Lenny Bruce as influences, admiring their ability to attract a more intellectual audience with a higher level of wit.[8]: 43  He also liked Jay Leno for his quickness in ad-libbing comedy routines, and Sid Caesar, whose acts he felt were "precious".[50]

Jonathan Winters was his "idol" early in life; Williams, aged eight, first saw him on television and paid him homage in interviews throughout his career.[8]: 259 [202] Williams was inspired by Winters' ingenuity, realizing, he said, "that anything is possible, that anything is funny ... He gave me the idea that it can be free-form, that you can go in and out of things pretty easily."[8]: 260 

During an interview in London in 2002, Williams told Michael Parkinson that Peter Sellers was an important influence, especially his multi-character roles in Dr. Strangelove, stating, "It doesn't get better than that." British comedy actors Dudley Moore and Peter Cook were also among his influences, he told Parkinson.[203]

Williams was also influenced by Richard Pryor's fearless ability to talk about his personal life on stage, with subjects including his use of drugs and alcohol, and Williams added those kinds of topics during his own performances. By bringing up such personal matters as a form of comedy, he told Parkinson, it was "cheaper than therapy" and gave him a way to release his pent-up energy and emotions.[8]: 121 

Legacy

You can't look at any modern comic and say, "That's the descendant of Robin Williams", because it's not possible to be a Robin Williams rip-off. ... He raised the bar for what it's possible to do, and made an enormous amount of us want to be comedians.

Judd Apatow[204]

Although Williams was first recognized as a stand-up comedian and television star, he later became known for acting in film roles of substance and serious drama. He was considered a "national treasure" by many in the entertainment industry and by the public.[50][205]

 
Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

His on-stage energy and improvisational skill became a model for a new generation of stand-up comedians. Many comedians valued the way he worked highly personal issues into his comedy routines, especially his honesty about drug and alcohol addiction, along with depression.[206] According to media scholar Derek A. Burrill, because of the openness with which Williams spoke about his own life, "probably the most important contribution he made to pop culture, across so many different media, was as Robin Williams the person."[206]

 
Williams's prints at Grauman's Chinese Theatre

Williams created a signature free-form comedy persona so widely and uniquely identified that new comedians like Jim Carrey impersonated him,[207] paving the way for the growing comedy scene which developed in San Francisco. Young comedians felt more liberated on stage by seeing his spontaneously diverse range: "one moment acting as a bright, mischievous child, then as a wise philosopher or alien from outer space".[208] According to Judd Apatow, the eclectic performer's rapid-fire improvisational style was an inspiration as well as an influence for other comedians, but his talent was so extremely unusual no one else could possibly attempt to copy it.[204]

His film performances often influenced other actors, both in and out of the film industry. Director Chris Columbus, who directed Williams in Mrs. Doubtfire, says watching him work "was a magical and special privilege. His performances were unlike anything any of us had ever seen, they came from some spiritual and otherworldly place."[209] Looking over most of his filmography, Alyssa Rosenberg at The Washington Post was "struck by the breadth" and radical diversity of most of his roles, writing that "Williams helped us grow up."[84]

Awards and nominations

Main articles: List of Robin Williams performances and List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams

Throughout the course of his career Williams won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Good Will Hunting (1997).[210] He also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor—Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), The Fisher King (1991) and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), along with the Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture[97] for his role Genie in Aladdin (1992), and the Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005.[211] He also received two Primetime Emmy Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and five Grammy Awards.[212][213]

References

Footnotes

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Sources

  • David, Jay (1999). The Life and Humor of Robin Williams: A Biography. New York: Quill. ISBN 978-0-688-15245-1.
  • Dougan, Andy (1999). Robin Williams: A Biography. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 978-1-56025-213-9.
  • Spignesi, Stephen J. (1997). The Robin Williams Scrapbook. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Pub. ISBN 978-0-8065-1891-6.

Further reading

  • . ABC News. 2020. August 12, 2014. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  • Travers, Peter. "Peter Travers on 9 of His Favorite Robin Williams Performances – Rolling Stone's film critic weighs in on the late actor and comedian's best work". Rolling Stone.
  • Weisman, Aly (August 13, 2014). "Robin Williams set up a 3-part trust fund for his kids amid money troubles before death". Business Insider.

External links

October 24, 2023
robin, williams, confused, with, robbie, williams, other, people, named, disambiguation, robin, mclaurin, williams, july, 1951, august, 2014, american, actor, comedian, known, improvisational, skills, wide, variety, characters, created, spur, moment, portrayed. Not to be confused with Robbie Williams For other people named Robin Williams see Robin Williams disambiguation Robin McLaurin Williams July 21 1951 August 11 2014 was an American actor and comedian Known for his improvisational skills 1 2 and the wide variety of characters he created on the spur of the moment and portrayed on film in dramas and comedies alike 3 4 he is regarded as one of the greatest comedians of all time 5 6 7 He received numerous accolades including an Academy Award two Primetime Emmy Awards six Golden Globe Awards two Screen Actors Guild Awards and five Grammy Awards Robin WilliamsWilliams in 2011BornRobin McLaurin Williams 1951 07 21 July 21 1951Chicago Illinois U S DiedAugust 11 2014 2014 08 11 aged 63 Paradise Cay California U S EducationClaremont McKenna College College of Marin Juilliard SchoolOccupationsActor comedianYears active1976 2014WorksFull listSpousesValerie Velardi m 1978 div 1988 wbr Marsha Garces m 1989 div 2010 wbr Susan Schneider m 2011 wbr Children3 including ZeldaComedy careerMediumStand up film televisionGenresObservational comedy improvisational comedy physical comedy impressions self deprecation surreal humor satireRobin Williams s voice source source On September 30 1988 the Space Shuttle Discovery STS 26 crew started its day with a wakeup call from Williams imitating his character Adrian Cronauer in the 1987 film Good Morning Vietnam Williams began performing stand up comedy in San Francisco and Los Angeles during the mid 1970s and released several comedy albums including Reality What a Concept in 1980 8 He rose to fame playing the alien Mork in the ABC sitcom Mork amp Mindy 1978 1982 9 He received his first leading film role in Popeye 1980 Williams went on to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Good Will Hunting 1997 His other Oscar nominated roles were for Good Morning Vietnam 1987 Dead Poets Society 1989 and The Fisher King 1991 Williams starred in the critically acclaimed dramas The World According to Garp 1982 Moscow on the Hudson 1984 Dead Poets Society 1989 Awakenings 1990 Patch Adams 1998 Insomnia 2002 One Hour Photo 2002 and World s Greatest Dad 2009 He also starred in family films such as Hook 1991 Mrs Doubtfire 1993 Jumanji 1995 Jack 1996 Flubber 1997 RV 2006 and the Night at the Museum trilogy 2006 2014 He lent his voice to the animated films Aladdin 1992 Robots 2005 Happy Feet 2006 and its 2011 sequel Williams was found dead at his home in Paradise Cay California in August 2014 at the age of 63 10 His death was ruled a suicide According to Williams widow he had been diagnosed with Parkinson s disease and had been experiencing depression anxiety and increasing paranoia 11 His autopsy found diffuse Lewy body disease 12 11 and Lewy body dementia professionals said his symptoms were consistent with dementia with Lewy bodies 13 14 12 Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 Stand up comedy 2 2 Television 2 2 1 Mork amp Mindy 2 2 2 Later appearances 2 3 Film 2 3 1 Dramatic roles 2 3 2 Voice roles 2 3 3 Later films 2 4 Stage work 2 5 Internet 3 Additional works 3 1 Theatre 3 2 Discography 4 Personal life 4 1 Marriages and children 4 2 Other interests 4 3 Religion 4 4 Philanthropy 4 5 Health 4 5 1 Addiction 4 5 2 Later health problems 5 Death 5 1 Aftermath and tributes 6 Influences 7 Legacy 8 Awards and nominations 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksEarly lifeWilliams was born at St Luke s Hospital in Chicago Illinois 15 on July 21 1951 16 His father Robert Fitzgerald Williams 1906 1987 was a senior executive in Ford s Lincoln Mercury Division 17 18 His mother Laurie McLaurin 1922 2001 was a former model from Jackson Mississippi whose great grandfather was Mississippi senator and governor Anselm J McLaurin 19 Williams had two older half brothers a paternal half brother Robert also known as Todd 20 and a maternal half brother McLaurin 21 While his mother was a practitioner of Christian Science Williams was raised in his father s Episcopal faith 22 23 During a television interview on Inside the Actors Studio in 2001 Williams credited his mother as an important early influence on his humor and he tried to make her laugh to gain attention 24 Williams attended public elementary school in Lake Forest at Gorton Elementary School and middle school at Deer Path Junior High School 25 He described himself as a quiet child who did not overcome his shyness until he became involved with his high school drama department 26 His friends recall him as very funny 25 In late 1963 when Williams was 12 his father was transferred to Detroit The family lived in a 40 room farmhouse on 20 acres 8 ha 17 in suburban Bloomfield Hills Michigan where he was a student at the private Detroit Country Day School 25 27 He excelled in school where he was on the school s wrestling team and was elected class president 28 As both his parents worked Williams was partially raised by the family s maid who was his main companion When he was 16 his father took early retirement and the family moved to Tiburon California 17 29 30 Following their move Williams attended Redwood High School in nearby Larkspur At the time of his graduation in 1969 he was voted Most Likely Not to Succeed and Funniest by his classmates 31 After high school graduation Williams enrolled at Claremont Men s College in Claremont California to study political science he dropped out to pursue acting 17 32 Williams studied theater for three years at the College of Marin a community college in Kentfield California According to the College of Marin s drama professor James Dunn the depth of the young actor s talent became evident when he was cast in the musical Oliver as Fagin Williams often improvised during his time in the drama program leaving cast members in hysterics 33 Dunn called his wife after one late rehearsal to tell her Williams was going to be something special 33 In 1973 Williams attained a full scholarship to the Juilliard School Group 6 1973 1976 in New York City He was one of 20 students accepted into the freshman class and he and Christopher Reeve were the only two accepted by John Houseman into the Advanced Program at the school that year William Hurt and Mandy Patinkin were also classmates 34 35 According to biographer Jean Dorsinville Franklyn Seales and Williams were roommates at Juilliard 36 Reeve remembered his first impression of Williams when they were new students at Juilliard He wore tie dyed shirts with tracksuit bottoms and talked a mile a minute I d never seen so much energy contained in one person He was like an untied balloon that had been inflated and immediately released I watched in awe as he virtually caromed off the walls of the classrooms and hallways To say that he was on would be a major understatement 35 Williams and Reeve had a class in dialects taught by Edith Skinner who Reeve said was one of the world s leading voice and speech teachers according to Reeve Skinner was bewildered by Williams and his ability to instantly perform in many different accents Their primary acting teacher was Michael Kahn who was equally baffled by this human dynamo 35 Williams already had a reputation for being funny but Kahn criticized his antics as simple stand up comedy In a later production Williams silenced his critics with his well received performance as an old man in Tennessee Williams s Night of the Iguana Reeve wrote He simply was the old man I was astonished by his work and very grateful that fate had thrown us together 35 The two remained close friends until Reeve s death in 2004 Their friendship was like brothers from another mother according to Williams s son Zak 37 During the summers of 1974 1975 and 1976 Williams worked as a busboy at The Trident in Sausalito California 38 He left Juilliard 39 40 during his junior year in 1976 at the suggestion of Houseman who said there was nothing more Juilliard could teach him 34 41 Gerald Freedman another of his teachers at Juilliard said Williams was a genius and that the school s conservative and classical style of training did not suit him no one was surprised that he left 42 CareerStand up comedy nbsp Williams at a United Service Organization USO show on December 20 2007Williams began performing stand up comedy in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1976 43 He gave his first performance at the Holy City Zoo a comedy club in San Francisco where he worked his way up from tending bar 44 In the 1960s San Francisco was a center for a rock music renaissance hippies drugs and a sexual revolution and in the late 1970s Williams helped lead its comedy renaissance writes critic Gerald Nachman 8 6 Williams says he found out about drugs and happiness during that period adding that he saw the best brains of my time turned to mud 34 Williams moved to Los Angeles and continued performing stand up at clubs including The Comedy Store There in 1977 he was seen by TV producer George Schlatter who asked him to appear on a revival of his show Laugh In The show aired in late 1977 and was his debut TV appearance 34 That year Williams also performed a show at the L A Improv for Home Box Office 45 While the Laugh In revival failed it led Williams into his television career he continued performing stand up at comedy clubs such as the Roxy to help keep his improvisational skills sharp 34 46 In England Williams performed at The Fighting Cocks citation needed With his success on Mork amp Mindy Williams began to reach a wider audience with his stand up comedy starting in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s including three HBO comedy specials Off The Wall 1978 An Evening with Robin Williams 1983 and A Night at the Met 1986 47 Williams won a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album for the recording of his 1979 live show at the Copacabana in New York City Reality What a Concept 48 David Letterman who knew Williams for nearly 40 years recalls seeing him first perform as a new comedian at The Comedy Store in Hollywood where Letterman and other comedians had already been doing stand up He came in like a hurricane said Letterman who said he then thought to himself Holy crap there goes my chance in show business 49 nbsp Williams at Aviano Air Base Italy on December 22 2007Williams said that partly due to the stress of performing stand up he started using drugs and alcohol early in his career He further said that he neither drank nor took drugs while on stage but occasionally performed when hung over from the previous day During the period he was using cocaine he said it made him paranoid when performing on stage 50 Williams once described the life of stand up comedians as follows It s a brutal field man They burn out It takes its toll Plus the lifestyle partying drinking drugs If you re on the road it s even more brutal You gotta come back down to mellow your ass out and then performing takes you back up They flame out because it comes and goes Suddenly they re hot and then somebody else is hot Sometimes they get very bitter Sometimes they just give up Sometimes they have a revival thing and they come back again Sometimes they snap The pressure kicks in You become obsessed and then you lose that focus that you need 8 34 35 Some such as the critic Vincent Canby were concerned that his monologues were so intense that it seemed as though at any minute his creative process could reverse into a complete meltdown 51 His biographer Emily Herbert described his intense utterly manic style of stand up which sometimes defies analysis going beyond energetic beyond frenetic and sometimes dangerous because of what it said about the creator s own mental state 51 Regarding the quick fire delivery of his performance he said Usually you start off performing in bars where you can t really take your time because people go mimics a drunk person Oi what are you doing now So I developed a style that was very much synaptic quick firing moving so that they never really had a chance to lock on as a target 52 Williams felt secure that he would not run out of ideas as the constant change in world events would keep him supplied 50 He also explained that he often used free association of ideas while improvising to keep the audience interested 53 The competitive nature of the show made things difficult For example some comedians said that Williams had stolen their jokes which Williams strongly denied 50 54 55 David Brenner claims that he confronted Williams s agent and threatened bodily harm if he heard Williams utter another one of his jokes 56 57 Whoopi Goldberg defended him asserting that it is difficult for comedians not to reuse another comedian s material and that it is done all the time 58 He later avoided going to performances of other comedians to deter similar accusations 58 During a Playboy interview in 1992 Williams was asked whether he ever feared losing his balance between his work and his life He replied There s that fear if I felt like I was becoming not just dull but a rock that I still couldn t speak fire off or talk about things if I d start to worry or got too afraid to say something If I stop trying I get afraid While he attributed the recent suicide of novelist Jerzy Kosinski to his fear of losing his creativity and sharpness Williams felt he could overcome those risks For that he credited his father for strengthening his self confidence telling him to never be afraid of talking about subjects which were important to him 50 Williams s stand up work was a consistent thread throughout his career as seen by the success of his one man show and subsequent DVD Robin Williams Live on Broadway 2002 In 2004 he was voted 13th on Comedy Central s list of 100 Greatest Stand ups of All Time 59 After a six year hiatus in August 2008 Williams announced a new 26 city tour Weapons of Self Destruction The tour began at the end of September 2009 and concluded in New York on December 3 and was the subject of an HBO Special on December 8 2009 60 Television Mork amp Mindy Main article Mork amp Mindy After the Laugh In revival and appearing in the cast of The Richard Pryor Show on NBC Williams was cast by Garry Marshall as the alien Mork in a 1978 episode of the TV series Happy Days My Favorite Orkan 34 61 Sought after as a last minute cast replacement for a departing actor Williams impressed the producer with his quirky sense of humor when he sat on his head when asked to take a seat for the audition 62 As Mork Williams improvised much of his dialogue and physical comedy speaking in a high nasal voice and he made the most of the script The cast and crew as well as TV network executives were deeply impressed with his performance As such the executives moved quickly to get the performer on contract just four days later before competitors could make their own offers 63 Mork s appearance proved so popular with viewers that it led to the spin off television sitcom Mork amp Mindy which co starred Pam Dawber and ran from 1978 to 1982 the show was written to accommodate his extreme improvisations in dialogue and behavior Although he portrayed the same character as in Happy Days the series was set in the present in Boulder Colorado instead of the late 1950s in Milwaukee Mork amp Mindy at its peak had a weekly audience of sixty million and was credited with turning Williams into a superstar 34 Among young people the show was very popular because Williams became a man and a child buoyant rubber faced an endless gusher of ideas according to critic James Poniewozik 64 nbsp Photo by Michael Dressler used as cover photo for Time magazine March 12 1979Mork became popular featured on posters coloring books lunch boxes and other merchandise 65 Mork amp Mindy was such a success in its first season that Williams appeared on the March 12 1979 cover of Time magazine 66 67 The cover photo taken by Michael Dressler in 1979 is said to have captured his different sides the funnyman mugging for the camera and a sweet more thoughtful pose that appears on a small TV he holds in his hands according to Mary Forgione of the Los Angeles Times 68 This photo was installed in the National Portrait Gallery in the Smithsonian Institution shortly after his death to allow visitors to pay their respects 68 Williams also appeared on the cover of the August 23 1979 issue of Rolling Stone photographed by Richard Avedon 69 70 Later appearances Starting in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s Williams began to reach a wider audience with his stand up comedy including three HBO comedy specials Off the Wall 1978 An Evening with Robin Williams 1983 and A Night at the Met 1986 In 1986 Williams co hosted the 58th Academy Awards 71 Williams was also a regular guest on various talk shows including The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 72 and Late Night with David Letterman on which he appeared 50 times 49 Williams appeared with fellow comedian Billy Crystal in an unscripted cameo at the beginning of an episode of the third season of Friends 73 His many television appearances included an episode of Whose Line Is It Anyway 74 and he starred in an episode of Law amp Order Special Victims Unit In 2006 Williams was the Surprise Guest at the Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards 75 and appeared on an episode of Extreme Makeover Home Edition that aired on January 30 76 In 2010 he appeared in a sketch with Robert De Niro on Saturday Night Live and in 2012 he guest starred as himself in two FX series Louie and Wilfred 77 In May 2013 CBS started a new series The Crazy Ones starring Williams 78 but the show was canceled after one season 79 Film See also List of Robin Williams performances The first film role credited to Robin Williams is a small part in the 1977 low budget comedy Can I Do It Til I Need Glasses His first starring performance however is as the title character in Popeye 1980 in which Williams showcased the acting skills previously demonstrated in his television work accordingly the film s commercial disappointment was not blamed on his performance 80 81 He went on to star as the leading character in The World According to Garp 1982 which Williams considered may have lacked a certain madness onscreen but it had a great core 44 He continued with other smaller roles in less successful films such as The Survivors 1983 and Club Paradise 1986 though he said these roles did not help advance his film career 44 His first major break came from his starring role in director Barry Levinson s Good Morning Vietnam 1987 which earned Williams a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor 61 The film is set in 1965 during the Vietnam War with Williams playing the role of Adrian Cronauer a radio shock jock who keeps the troops entertained with comedy and sarcasm Williams was allowed to play the role without a script improvising most of his lines Over the microphone he created voice impressions of people including Walter Cronkite Gomer Pyle Elvis Presley Mr Ed and Richard Nixon 44 We just let the cameras roll said producer Mark Johnson and Williams managed to create something new for every single take 82 Dramatic roles nbsp Williams and Yola Czaderska Hayek at the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990Many of his subsequent roles were in comedies tinged with pathos such as Mrs Doubtfire and Patch Adams 83 Looking over most of his filmography one writer was struck by the breadth and radical diversity of most of the roles Williams portrayed 84 In 1989 Williams played a private school English teacher in Dead Poets Society which included a final emotional scene that some critics said inspired a generation and became a part of pop culture 85 Similarly his performance as a therapist in Good Will Hunting 1997 deeply affected even some real therapists 86 In Awakenings 1990 Williams plays a doctor modeled after Oliver Sacks who wrote the book on which the film is based Sacks later said the way the actor s mind worked was a form of genius In 1991 he played an adult Peter Pan in the film Hook although he had said he would have to lose 25 pounds for the role 87 Terry Gilliam who directed Williams in two of his films The Fisher King 1991 and The Adventures of Baron Munchausen 1988 said in 1992 that Williams had the ability to go from manic to mad to tender and vulnerable Williams had the most unique mind on the planet There s nobody like him out there 50 Other dramatic performances by Williams include Moscow on the Hudson 1984 What Dreams May Come 1998 and Bicentennial Man 1999 88 During the early 2000s Williams demonstrated a new rank of his versatility by playing darker roles than he had in the previous decades In Insomnia 2002 Williams portrayed a murderer on the run from a sleep deprived Los Angeles police detective played by Al Pacino in rural Alaska 89 Also in 2002 in the psychological thriller One Hour Photo Williams portrayed an emotionally disturbed photo development technician who becomes obsessed with a family for whom he has developed pictures for a long time 90 In the 2004 science fiction psychological thriller The Final Cut Williams played a professional who specializes in editing the memories of unsavory people into uncritical memorials that are played at funerals The Angriest Man in Brooklyn was Williams last movie to be released while he was alive In the movie Williams played Henry Altmann an angry bitter man who tries to change his life after being told he has a terminal illness 91 Williams performances garnered him various accolades including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Good Will Hunting 61 as well as two previous Academy Award nominations for Dead Poets Society and as a troubled homeless man in The Fisher King respectively 61 Among the actors who helped him during his acting career he credited Robert De Niro from whom he learned the power of silence and economy of dialogue when acting From Dustin Hoffman with whom he co starred in Hook he learned to take on totally different character types and to transform his characters by extreme preparation Mike Medavoy producer of Hook told its director Steven Spielberg that he intentionally teamed up Hoffman and Williams for the film because he knew they wanted to work together and that Williams welcomed the opportunity of working with Spielberg 92 Having Woody Allen who directed him and Billy Crystal in Deconstructing Harry 1997 helped Williams Allen knew that Crystal and Williams had often worked together on stage 93 Voice roles nbsp Williams in Washington D C 1996While Williams voiced characters in several animated films his voice role as the Genie in the animated musical Aladdin 1992 was written for him The film s directors said they had taken a risk by writing the role 94 At first Williams refused the role since it was a Disney movie and he did not want the studio profiting by selling merchandise based on the movie He accepted the role with certain conditions I m doing it basically because I want to be part of this animation tradition I want something for my children One deal is I just don t want to sell anything as in Burger King as in toys as in stuff 95 Williams improvised much of his dialogue recording approximately 30 hours of tape 17 and impersonated dozens of celebrities including Ed Sullivan Jack Nicholson Robert De Niro Groucho Marx Rodney Dangerfield William F Buckley Jr Peter Lorre Arnold Schwarzenegger and Arsenio Hall 96 His role in Aladdin became one of his most recognized and best loved and the film was the highest grossing of 1992 it won numerous awards including a Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture for Williams 97 His performance paved the way for other animated films to incorporate actors with more star power 98 He was named a Disney Legend in 2009 99 Due to Disney breaking an agreement with Williams regarding the use of the Genie in the advertising for Aladdin Williams refused to sign on for the direct to video sequel The Return of Jafar 1994 where the Genie was instead voiced by Dan Castellaneta When Jeffrey Katzenberg was replaced by Joe Roth as Walt Disney Studios chairman Roth organized a public apology to Williams 100 Williams would in turn reprise the role in the second sequel Aladdin and the King of Thieves 1996 101 Williams continued to provide voices in other animated films including FernGully The Last Rainforest 1992 Robots 2005 the Happy Feet film franchise 2006 2011 and an uncredited vocal performance in Everyone s Hero 2006 He also voiced the holographic character Dr Know in the live action film A I Artificial Intelligence 2001 He was the voice of The Timekeeper a former attraction at the Walt Disney World Resort about a time traveling robot who encounters Jules Verne and brings him to the future 102 Later films Years after the films Janet Hirshenson revealed in an interview that Williams had expressed interest in portraying Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter film series but was rejected by director Chris Columbus due to the British only edict 103 In 2006 he starred in five movies including Man of the Year a political satire and The Night Listener a thriller about a radio show host who realizes that a child with whom he has developed a friendship may not exist 88 Four films starring Williams were released after his death in 2014 Night at the Museum Secret of the Tomb A Merry Friggin Christmas Boulevard and Absolutely Anything 104 Stage work nbsp Williams at the USO World Gala in Washington D C on October 1 2008Williams appeared opposite Steve Martin at Lincoln Center in an off Broadway production of Waiting for Godot in 1988 105 106 He headlined his own one man show Robin Williams Live on Broadway which played at the Broadway theater in July 2002 107 He made his Broadway acting debut in Rajiv Joseph s Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo which opened at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on March 31 2011 108 Internet Williams was the host of a talk show for Audible that aired in April 2000 and was only available on Audible s website 109 110 Additional worksTheatre Year Title Role Notes1988 Waiting for Godot Estragon Lincoln Center Theatre New York2011 Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo Tiger Richard Rodgers Theatre BroadwayDiscography Reality What a Concept Casablanca 1979 Throbbing Python of Love Casablanca 1983 A Night at the Met Columbia 1986 Live 2002 Columbia 2002 Weapons of Self Destruction Sony Music 2009 Personal lifeMarriages and children nbsp Williams with Marsha Garces at the 61st Academy Awards in 1989Williams married his first wife Valerie Velardi in June 1978 following a live in relationship with comedian Elayne Boosler 111 Velardi and Williams met in 1976 while he was working as a bartender at a tavern in San Francisco Their son Zachary Pym Zak Williams was born in 1983 112 Velardi and Williams were divorced in 1988 113 While it was reported that Williams began an affair with Zachary s nanny Marsha Garces in 1986 114 Velardi stated in the 2018 documentary Robin Williams Come Inside My Mind that the relationship with Garces began after the two had separated 115 On April 30 1989 Williams married Garces who was six months pregnant with their first child They had two children Zelda Rae Williams born 1989 and Cody Alan Williams born 1991 In March 2008 Garces filed for divorce from Williams citing irreconcilable differences 116 117 Their divorce was finalized in 2010 Williams married his third wife graphic designer Susan Schneider on October 22 2011 in St Helena California 118 119 The two lived at their house in Sea Cliff San Francisco California 116 Williams said My children give me a great sense of wonder Just to see them develop into these extraordinary human beings 120 Other interests nbsp Williams at the BBC World Debate on February 27 2008In New York City Williams was part of the West Side YMCA runners club and showed promising results with 34 21 minutes at a 10K run in Central Park in 1975 121 His favorite books were the Foundation trilogy by Isaac Asimov 122 and his favorite book as a child was The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe which he later shared with his children 123 Williams was an enthusiast of both pen and paper role playing games and video games 124 125 126 His daughter Zelda was named after the title character from The Legend of Zelda a family favorite video game series and he sometimes performed at consumer entertainment trade shows 127 128 129 Williams was a big fan of anime and collecting figures His daughter described him as a figurine hoarder one of his figures was the character Deunan Knute from the anime film Appleseed which he was a fan of He also liked the film Innocence Ghost in the Shell and received a DVD copy of Paranoia Agent signed by its director Satoshi Kon 130 131 132 He also became a devoted cycling enthusiast having taken up the sport partly as a substitute for drugs Eventually he accumulated a large bicycle collection and became a fan of professional road cycling often traveling to racing events such as the Tour de France 133 134 In 2016 his children donated 87 of his bicycles in support of the Challenged Athletes Foundation and Christopher amp Dana Reeve Foundation 135 Religion Williams was raised and sometimes identified himself as an Episcopalian In a comedy routine he described his denomination as I have that idea of Chicago Protestant Episcopal Catholic light half the religion half the guilt 136 He also described himself as an honorary Jew 137 and on Israel s 60th Independence Day in 2008 he appeared in Times Square along with several other celebrities to wish Israel a happy birthday 138 Philanthropy In 1986 Williams teamed up with Whoopi Goldberg and Billy Crystal to found Comic Relief USA This annual HBO television benefit devoted to the homeless raised 80 million as of 2014 update 139 Bob Zmuda creator of Comic Relief explains that Williams felt blessed because he came from a wealthy home but wanted to do something to help those less fortunate 140 Williams made benefit appearances to support literacy and women s rights along with appearing at benefits for veterans He was a regular on the USO circuit where he traveled to 13 countries and performed to approximately 90 000 troops 141 After his death the USO thanked him for all he did for the men and women of our armed forces 142 Williams and his second wife Marsha founded a philanthropic organization called the Windfall Foundation to raise money for many charities In December 1999 he sang in French on the BBC inspired music video of international celebrities doing a cover of The Rolling Stones single It s Only Rock n Roll But I Like It for the charity Children s Promise 143 nbsp Williams at Naval Support Activity Bahrain on December 19 2003In response to the 2010 Canterbury earthquake he donated all proceeds of his Weapons of Self Destruction Christchurch performance to help rebuild the New Zealand city Half the proceeds were donated to the Red Cross and half to the mayoral building fund 144 Williams performed with the USO for U S troops stationed in Iraq and Afghanistan 145 For several years Williams supported St Jude Children s Research Hospital 146 Health Addiction During the late 1970s and early 1980s Williams had an addiction to cocaine 61 147 He was a casual friend of John Belushi 50 and the Saturday Night Live comic s death in 1982 from a drug overdose which happened the morning after the two had partied together along with the birth of his own son Zak prompted him to quit drugs and alcohol Was it a wake up call Oh yeah on a huge level The grand jury helped too 61 Williams later said of Belushi s death It sobered the shit out of me 148 Williams turned to exercise and cycling to help alleviate his depression shortly after Belushi s death according to bicycle shop owner Tony Tom Williams said cycling saved my life 149 150 151 In 2003 Williams started drinking again while working on the film The Big White 2005 in Alaska 147 In 2006 he checked himself in to a substance abuse rehabilitation center in Newberg Oregon saying he was an alcoholic 152 153 Years afterward Williams acknowledged his failure to maintain sobriety but said he never returned to using cocaine declaring in a 2010 interview No Cocaine paranoid and impotent what fun There was no bit of me thinking ooh let s go back to that Useless conversations until midnight waking up at dawn feeling like a vampire on a day pass No 147 In mid 2014 Williams admitted himself into the Hazelden Foundation Addiction Treatment Center in Center City Minnesota for treatment for alcoholism 154 Later health problems In March 2009 he was hospitalized due to heart problems He postponed his one man tour for surgery to replace his aortic valve 155 repair his mitral valve and correct his irregular heartbeat 156 The surgery was completed on March 13 2009 at the Cleveland Clinic 157 His publicist Mara Buxbaum commented that he had severe depression before his death 158 His wife Susan Schneider said that in the period before his death Williams had been sober but was diagnosed with early stage Parkinson s disease which was information he was not yet ready to share publicly 159 160 An autopsy revealed that Williams had diffuse Lewy bodies which had been misdiagnosed as Parkinson s and this may have contributed to his depression 161 162 163 In an essay published in the journal Neurology two years after his death Schneider revealed that the pathology of Lewy body disease in Williams was described by several doctors as among the worst pathologies they had seen She described the early symptoms of his disease as beginning in October 2013 Williams s initial condition included a sudden and prolonged spike in fear and anxiety stress and insomnia which worsened in severity to include memory loss paranoia and delusions According to Schneider Robin was losing his mind and he was aware of it He kept saying I just want to reboot my brain 164 DeathWilliams was found dead in his home in Paradise Cay California on August 11 2014 10 165 The final autopsy report released in November 2014 concluded that Williams death was a suicide resulting from asphyxia due to hanging 166 Neither alcohol nor illegal drugs were involved and prescription drugs present in his body were at therapeutic levels The report also noted that Williams had depression and anxiety 167 168 An examination of his brain tissue suggested Williams had diffuse Lewy body dementia 162 Describing the disease as the terrorist inside my husband s brain his widow Susan Schneider Williams said that however you look at it the presence of Lewy bodies took his life referring to his previous diagnosis of Parkinson s 164 She noted how we as a culture don t have the vocabulary to discuss brain disease in the way we do about depression Depression is a symptom of LBD and it s not about psychology it s rooted in neurology His brain was falling apart 169 Medical experts struggled to determine a cause and eventually diagnosed him with Parkinson s disease 164 The Lewy Body Dementia Association LBDA clarified the distinction between the term used in the autopsy report diffuse Lewy body dementia which is more commonly called diffuse Lewy body disease and refers to the underlying disease process and the umbrella term Lewy body dementia which encompasses both Parkinson s disease dementia PD and dementia with Lewy bodies DLB 12 According to LBDA spokesperson Dennis Dickson The report confirms he experienced depression anxiety and paranoia which may occur in either Parkinson s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies In early PD Lewy bodies are generally limited in distribution but in DLB the Lewy bodies are spread widely throughout the brain as was the case with Robin Williams 12 Ian G McKeith professor and researcher of Lewy body dementias commented that Williams s symptoms and autopsy findings were explained by DLB 13 Williams body was cremated at Monte s Chapel of the Hills in San Anselmo and his ashes were scattered over San Francisco Bay on August 21 2014 170 171 Aftermath and tributes nbsp Floral tributes to Williams at the San Francisco Pacific Heights home used for the filming of Mrs Doubtfire August 2014Williams death instantly became global news The entertainment world friends and fans responded to his death through social and other media outlets 172 Schneider said I lost my husband and my best friend while the world lost one of its most beloved artists and beautiful human beings I am utterly heartbroken 173 His daughter Zelda Williams responded to his death by saying the world is forever a little darker less colorful and less full of laughter in his absence 174 President Barack Obama released a statement upon Williams s death Robin Williams was an airman a doctor a genie a nanny a president a professor a bangarang Peter Pan and everything in between He arrived in our lives as an alien but he ended up touching every element of the human spirit He made us laugh He made us cry He gave his immeasurable talent freely and generously to those who needed it most from our troops stationed abroad to the marginalized on our own streets 175 Williams was scheduled to be the Blackmail special guest for the final night of Monty Python s ten date stage shows in London one month before his death with one of his friends Monty Python s Eric Idle but canceled stating he was suffering from severe depression at the time 176 When the show was released on video it was dedicated to Williams 176 At the United Nations headquarters on August 12 2014 Robin Williams was celebrated during the opening of the International Youth Day In the presence of U N Secretary General Ban Ki Moon Assistant Secretary General Thomas Gass paid tribute to Williams by standing on the pulpit of the ECOSOC Chamber and quoting Keating s lines from the 1989 film Dead Poets Society Dare to look at things in a different way 177 Several fans similarly paid tribute to Williams on social media with photo and video reenactments of Dead Poets Society s O Captain My Captain scene 178 Shortly after his death Disney Channel Disney XD and Disney Junior all aired the original Aladdin commercial free over the course of a week with a dedicated drawing of the genie at the end of each airing before the credits 179 In honor of his theater work the lights of Broadway were darkened for the evening of August 14 2014 180 That night the cast of the Aladdin musical honored Williams by having the audience join them in a sing along of Friend Like Me an Oscar nominated song originally sung by Williams in the 1992 film Aladdin 181 nbsp The Los Angeles Theatre honors Williams on its marquee August 2014 Fans of Williams created makeshift memorials at his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 182 and at locations from his television and film career such as the bench in Boston s Public Garden featured in Good Will Hunting 183 the Pacific Heights San Francisco home used in Mrs Doubtfire 184 the sign for Parrish Shoes in Keene New Hampshire where parts of Jumanji were filmed 185 and the Boulder Colorado home used for Mork amp Mindy 186 During the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards on August 25 2014 close friend and fellow comedian Billy Crystal presented a tribute to Williams referring to him as the brightest star in our comedy galaxy Afterwards some of Williams s best comedy moments were shown including his first ever The Tonight Show appearance indicating his great life in making people laugh 187 188 Talk show hosts including David Letterman Conan O Brien Seth Meyers Jimmy Kimmel and Jimmy Fallon paid tribute to Williams on their respective shows 189 On September 9 2014 PBS aired a one hour special devoted to his career 190 and on September 27 2014 dozens of leading stars and celebrities held a tribute in San Francisco to celebrate his life and career 191 British heavy metal band Iron Maiden dedicated a song to Williams titled Tears of a Clown on their 2015 album The Book of Souls The song looks into his depression and suicide and how he attempted to hide his condition from the public 192 A tunnel painted with a rainbow on Highway 101 north of the Golden Gate Bridge was officially named the Robin Williams Tunnel on February 29 2016 193 In 2017 Sharon Meadow in San Francisco s Golden Gate Park the home of the annual Comedy Day was renamed Robin Williams Meadow 194 In 2018 HBO produced a documentary about his life and career Directed by Marina Zenovich the film Robin Williams Come Inside My Mind was also screened at the Sundance Film Festival 195 That same year a mural of Robin Williams was created on Market Street in San Francisco 196 197 Work on a book biography was begun by New York Times writer David Itzkoff in 2014 198 and was published in 2018 entitled simply Robin 199 In August 2020 Vertical Entertainment released a trailer for a new documentary Robin s Wish exploring Williams s battle with Lewy body dementia The film directed by Tylor Norwood was digitally released on September 1 2020 200 In a Netflix special released in May 2022 The Hall Honoring the Greats of Stand Up inducted Williams into the National Comedy Center in Jamestown New York 201 InfluencesWilliams credited comedians including Jonathan Winters Peter Sellers Nichols and May and Lenny Bruce as influences admiring their ability to attract a more intellectual audience with a higher level of wit 8 43 He also liked Jay Leno for his quickness in ad libbing comedy routines and Sid Caesar whose acts he felt were precious 50 Jonathan Winters was his idol early in life Williams aged eight first saw him on television and paid him homage in interviews throughout his career 8 259 202 Williams was inspired by Winters ingenuity realizing he said that anything is possible that anything is funny He gave me the idea that it can be free form that you can go in and out of things pretty easily 8 260 During an interview in London in 2002 Williams told Michael Parkinson that Peter Sellers was an important influence especially his multi character roles in Dr Strangelove stating It doesn t get better than that British comedy actors Dudley Moore and Peter Cook were also among his influences he told Parkinson 203 Williams was also influenced by Richard Pryor s fearless ability to talk about his personal life on stage with subjects including his use of drugs and alcohol and Williams added those kinds of topics during his own performances By bringing up such personal matters as a form of comedy he told Parkinson it was cheaper than therapy and gave him a way to release his pent up energy and emotions 8 121 LegacyYou can t look at any modern comic and say That s the descendant of Robin Williams because it s not possible to be a Robin Williams rip off He raised the bar for what it s possible to do and made an enormous amount of us want to be comedians Judd Apatow 204 Although Williams was first recognized as a stand up comedian and television star he later became known for acting in film roles of substance and serious drama He was considered a national treasure by many in the entertainment industry and by the public 50 205 nbsp Star on the Hollywood Walk of FameHis on stage energy and improvisational skill became a model for a new generation of stand up comedians Many comedians valued the way he worked highly personal issues into his comedy routines especially his honesty about drug and alcohol addiction along with depression 206 According to media scholar Derek A Burrill because of the openness with which Williams spoke about his own life probably the most important contribution he made to pop culture across so many different media was as Robin Williams the person 206 nbsp Williams s prints at Grauman s Chinese TheatreWilliams created a signature free form comedy persona so widely and uniquely identified that new comedians like Jim Carrey impersonated him 207 paving the way for the growing comedy scene which developed in San Francisco Young comedians felt more liberated on stage by seeing his spontaneously diverse range one moment acting as a bright mischievous child then as a wise philosopher or alien from outer space 208 According to Judd Apatow the eclectic performer s rapid fire improvisational style was an inspiration as well as an influence for other comedians but his talent was so extremely unusual no one else could possibly attempt to copy it 204 His film performances often influenced other actors both in and out of the film industry Director Chris Columbus who directed Williams in Mrs Doubtfire says watching him work was a magical and special privilege His performances were unlike anything any of us had ever seen they came from some spiritual and otherworldly place 209 Looking over most of his filmography Alyssa Rosenberg at The Washington Post was struck by the breadth and radical diversity of most of his roles writing that Williams helped us grow up 84 Awards and nominationsMain articles List of Robin Williams performances and List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams Throughout the course of his career Williams won numerous awards including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Good Will Hunting 1997 210 He also won six Golden Globe Awards including Best Actor Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in Good Morning Vietnam 1987 The Fisher King 1991 and Mrs Doubtfire 1993 along with the Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture 97 for his role Genie in Aladdin 1992 and the Cecil B DeMille award in 2005 211 He also received two Primetime Emmy Awards two Screen Actors Guild Awards and five Grammy Awards 212 213 ReferencesFootnotes Kahn Mattie August 12 2014 When Norm Macdonald Met Robin Williams The Funniest Man in The World ABC News Archived from the original on August 13 2014 Retrieved October 19 2014 Raab Lauren Parker Ryan Loomis Nicky August 11 2014 Robin Williams funniest man alive dead at 63 The Bradenton Herald Archived from the original on October 20 2014 Retrieved October 19 2014 Say What Robin Williams Most Iconic Character Voices VH1 News August 12 2014 Archived from the original on November 5 2018 Retrieved November 4 2018 Remembering Robin Williams the man with 1000 voices GQ Magazine UK August 10 2017 Archived from the original on November 5 2018 Retrieved November 4 2018 The 25 Funniest People Of All Time Business Insider Archived from the original on November 26 2018 Retrieved November 26 2018 50 Best Stand Up Comics of All Time Rolling Stone Archived from the original on July 15 2020 Retrieved July 15 2020 The 50 Best Stand up Comics of All Time Paste Magazine Archived from the original on July 19 2021 Retrieved July 15 2020 a b c d e f g Nachman Gerald 2003 Seriously Funny The Rebel Comedians of the 1950s and 1960s New York City Pantheon Books ISBN 978 0 375 41030 7 Robin Williams Has Been Voted Funniest Person Ever Grintage Ireland Archived from the original on November 26 2018 Retrieved November 26 2018 a b Martin Nick August 13 2014 San Francisco Neighbours Mourn Robin Williams Sky News Archived from the original on August 13 2014 Retrieved August 13 2014 a b Gallman S November 4 2015 Robin Williams widow speaks Depression didn t kill my husband CNN Archived from the original on November 4 2015 Retrieved April 6 2018 a b c d LBDA Clarifies Autopsy Report on Comedian Robin Williams Lewy Body Dementia Association November 10 2014 Archived from the original on August 12 2020 Retrieved April 19 2018 a b McKeith IG Robin Williams had dementia with Lewy bodies so what is it and why has it been eclipsed by Alzheimer s The Conversation Archived from the original on November 4 2016 Retrieved April 6 2018 Robbins R September 30 2016 How Lewy body dementia gripped Robin Williams Scientific American Archived from the original on April 10 2018 Retrieved April 9 2018 Chicago Native Robin Williams Recalled Good Times Growing Up Here CBS Local August 11 2014 Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 18 2014 Sources conflict The Robin Williams Scrapbook and Encyclopaedia Britannica as well as two print biographies The Life and Humor of Robin Williams A Biography and Robin Williams A Biography give his birth year as 1952 However in an interview published July 4 2007 Williams refers to himself as being 55 Monk Katherine July 4 2007 Marriage 101 with Robin Williams Canada com Archived from the original on November 7 2012 Retrieved February 8 2008 He also verifies his date of birth as July 21 1951 for a fansite interview in 2008 Stuurman Linda May 25 2008 July 12 2008 RWF talks with Robin Williams Proost Archived July 24 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Robin Williams Fansite a b c d e Kornbluth Jesse November 22 1993 Robin Williams Change Of Life Fighting For His Family In His New Film Mrs Doubtfire And In Real Life New York K III Magazine Corporation pp 34 41 Archived from the original on April 7 2015 Retrieved August 20 2014 Shipman Robert August 13 2014 Genealogy buffs find Williams roots in Evansville The Washington Times Archived from the original on August 14 2014 Retrieved August 15 2014 Rubenstein Steve September 8 2001 Laurie Williams comedian s mother San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on October 9 2014 Retrieved November 25 2011 McLellan Dennis August 18 2007 R Todd Williams 69 winery founder comic s brother Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved February 10 2008 Donahue Michael December 25 1991 Robin Williams Half brother Is An All out Fan Chicago Tribune Scripps Howard News Service Archived from the original on August 14 2014 Retrieved October 20 2014 Gristwood Sarah June 18 1998 Bobbin Robin Mail amp Guardian Archived from the original on October 4 2006 Retrieved December 26 2007 Topel Fred July 3 2007 Robin Williams on License to Wed CanMag Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved December 26 2007 video Robin Williams Inside The Actors Studio Archived June 22 2015 at the Wayback Machine June 10 2001 a b c Cullotta Karen Ann August 13 2014 Robin Williams childhood in Lake Forest remembered Chicago Tribune p 7 Archived from the original on August 13 2014 Retrieved August 15 2014 Terry Gross host August 3 2006 Robin Williams The Night Listener Fresh Air from WHYY Radio National Public Radio Archived from the original on December 16 2017 Retrieved April 4 2018 Moore Mary Ellen 1979 Robin Williams Grosset amp Dunlap ISBN 978 0 448 17128 9 Retrieved August 12 2014 Strauss Valerie August 11 2014 How high school changed Robin Williams life The Washington Post Archived from the original on October 28 2014 Retrieved August 13 2014 Weber Bruce May 28 1989 Robin Williams the Comic Confronts Robin Williams the Actor The New York Times p A1 Archived from the original on August 26 2014 Retrieved August 24 2014 Klemesrud Judy April 15 1984 Robin Williams Dons an Emigre s Guise The New York Times p A21 Archived from the original on August 26 2014 Retrieved August 24 2014 Landrum Gene N 2007 Paranoia amp Power Fear amp Fame of Entertainment Icons Morgan James Publishing pp 30 31 ISBN 978 1 60037 274 2 Golum Rob August 12 2014 Robin Williams Oscar Winner Dies After Hanging Himself Bloomberg News Archived from the original on October 11 2014 a b Hansen Megan August 11 2014 We knew him as a neighbor Marin remembers Robin Williams Marin Independent Journal Archived from the original on August 13 2014 Retrieved August 13 2014 a b c d e f g Maslon Laurence Kantor Michael 2008 Make Em Laugh The Funny Business of America New York City Twelve pp 241 244 ISBN 978 0 446 50531 4 a b c d Reeve Christopher 1998 Still Me New York City Random House pp 167 172 ISBN 978 0 679 45235 5 Dorsinville Jean M 2011 Franklyn V E Seales Life of an Artist iUniverse p 164 ISBN 978 1 4620 3331 7 Archived from the original on November 12 2020 Retrieved October 28 2020 Robin Williams son remembers his dad and Christopher Reeve s friendship Fox News November 23 2014 Archived from the original on November 23 2014 We ll Always Love You Robin Thetridentrestaurant com August 13 2015 Archived from the original on September 16 2018 Retrieved September 16 2018 Feeney Nolan August 12 2014 Listen to Robin Williams Talk About His Struggles on an April 26 2010 Podcast Time Archived from the original on September 22 2014 Retrieved August 22 2014 WTF with Marc Maron Remembering Robin Williams WTF with Marc Maron August 11 2014 Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved October 21 2014 For Juilliard Ex Student Hams It Up The New York Times Associated Press May 18 1991 Archived from the original on November 5 2012 Retrieved August 12 2014 Blair Caroline August 12 2014 NC Comedian Robin Williams Was My Hero My Influence Time Warner Cable News Archived from the original on August 19 2014 Hartlaub Peter Garchik Leah August 12 2014 Robin Williams heart never strayed far from San Francisco San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on June 28 2020 Retrieved June 27 2020 a b c d Zehme Bill February 25 1988 Robin Williams The Rolling Stone Interview Rolling Stone pp 29 32 Archived from the original on March 3 2018 Retrieved August 18 2014 video Young Robin Williams at the Los Angeles Improv 1977 Archived February 1 2020 at the Wayback Machine Robin Williams Live at the Roxy 1978 on YouTube Archived copy Archived from the original on May 18 2015 Retrieved August 31 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Benedictus Leo December 6 2012 Comedy gold Robin Williams A Night at the Met The Guardian London England Archived from the original on June 26 2019 Retrieved December 3 2014 Grammy Award Nominees 1980 Grammy Award Winners 1980 Awardsandshows com Archived from the original on June 13 2017 Retrieved August 9 2019 a b Lockett Dee August 19 2014 Letterman Remembers the First Time He Met Robin Williams Slate Archived from the original on October 23 2014 Retrieved October 23 2014 a b c d e f g h Grobel Lawrence January 1992 Playboy Interview Robin Williams Playboy Beverly Hills California Playboy Enterprises Archived from the original on January 19 2016 a b Herbert Emily November 15 2014 Robin Williams When the Laughter Stops 1951 2014 London England John Blake Publishing Ltd ISBN 978 1 78418 300 4 OCLC 889523094 Archived from the original on December 26 2016 Retrieved August 26 2016 Robin Williams Stephen Fry UK Interview RE EDITED retrieved September 6 2023 Robin Williams Parkinson interview 2002 on YouTube Retrieved July 22 2020 Gardner Chris October 4 2017 Robin Williams Accused of Stealing Jokes in Comedy Tell All Book The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on July 21 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 Robin Williams Prince of Thieves Kempa com Archived from the original on July 21 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 Zoglin Richard 2008 Comedy at the Edge Bloomsbury USA ISBN 978 1 58234 624 3 Sims David July 28 2015 In Conan O Brien Versus Twitter Comedians Whose Joke Is It Anyway The Atlantic Archived from the original on July 21 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 a b Giles Jeff February 21 1991 Robin Williams Fears of a Clown Rolling Stone Archived from the original on August 15 2014 Retrieved August 17 2014 Comedy Central Presents 100 Greatest Stand Ups of All Time IMDb Archived from the original on March 11 2008 Retrieved December 26 2007 Gans Andrew July 8 2009 HBO to Air Robin Williams Weapons of Self Destruction Playbill Archived from the original on March 6 2016 Retrieved June 27 2020 a b c d e f James Lipton host June 10 2001 Robin Williams Inside the Actors Studio Season 7 Episode 710 Bravo Archived from the original on February 4 2007 Robin Williams Biography Biography Channel Archived from the original on July 16 2012 Retrieved September 27 2012 Happy Days Cast Reveals How Robin Williams Got Cast as a Martian in Show s Worst Script The Hollywood Reporter November 20 2014 Archived from the original on August 10 2018 Retrieved August 10 2018 Corliss Richard August 25 2014 Robin Williams The Heart of Comedy Time Archived from the original on August 19 2014 Retrieved August 20 2014 Mork amp Mindy retrojunk com Archived from the original on October 24 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Robin Williams March 12 1979 Time 2014 Archived from the original on August 14 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 How Robin Williams Went From Unknown To Star in 5 Months Time March 12 1979 Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 13 2014 a b Forgione Mary August 12 2014 The lighter side of Robin Williams now at National Portrait Gallery Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on August 14 2014 Retrieved August 14 2014 Williams Robin Rolling Stone May 18 2006 A History of Comedy Stars on the Cover of Rolling Stone Rolling Stone June 1 2011 Archived from the original on August 20 2014 Retrieved August 19 2014 O Connor John J March 26 1986 The Academy Awards Ceremony The New York Times Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Robin Williams on Johnny Carson s Tonight Show 1991 on YouTube Cook Jon April 4 1997 Comedians Crystal and Williams in Friends episode canoe ca Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Whose Line Is It Anyway Season 3 Episode 9 November 16 2000 Kids Choice Awards CBS News April 1 2006 Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Quick Takes An Extreme Makeover salute to military families Los Angeles Times Associated Press November 3 2011 Archived from the original on December 7 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Stanhope Kate August 11 2014 Robin Williams Dies of Suspected Suicide at 63 TV Guide Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved October 23 2014 Rose Lacey Goldberg Lesley May 10 2013 CBS Orders Chuck Lorre s Mom Robin Williams Crazy Ones Will Arnett Comedy More The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on October 31 2013 Retrieved July 25 2013 Littleton Cynthia May 10 2014 CBS Renews Mentalist Cancels Crazy Ones Hostages Intelligence amp 2 More Variety Archived from the original on May 11 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Rea Steven August 13 2014 Robin Williams 63 comic genius The Philadelphia Inquirer Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved August 18 2014 Spitznagel Eric August 12 2014 Popeye Is the Best Movie Robin Williams Ever Made Vanity Fair Archived from the original on August 13 2014 Retrieved August 13 2014 Anderegg Michael ed 1991 Inventing Vietnam The War in Film and Television Culture And The Moving Image Vol 6 Philadelphia Temple University Press p 238 ISBN 978 0 87722 862 2 Monk Katherine August 12 2014 A clown and his demons Robin Williams mixed zany comedy sharp satire and pathos with video The Vancouver Sun Archived from the original on August 14 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 a b Rosenberg Alyssa August 11 2014 How Robin Williams helped us grow up The Washington Post Archived from the original on October 29 2014 Goodman Jessica August 11 2014 Robin Williams and the O Captain Scene That Inspired a Generation HuffPost Archived from the original on October 13 2014 Retrieved October 23 2014 Neale Ryan Thomas August 12 2014 Requiem for a Therapist A Tribute to Robin Williams HuffPost Archived from the original on August 19 2014 Retrieved October 23 2014 Rolling Stone February 21 1991 p 26 a b Brennan Sandra Robin Williams AllMovie Archived from the original on February 20 2015 Retrieved August 12 2014 Williams Karl Insomnia 2002 AllMovie Archived from the original on February 14 2015 Retrieved August 12 2014 Deming Mark One Hour Photo 2002 AllMovie Archived from the original on March 14 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Hachard Tomas May 22 2014 The Angriest Robin Williams Sadly Becomes The Inspirational One NPR Archived from the original on September 13 2018 Retrieved September 13 2018 Medavoy Mike 2002 You re Only as Good as Your Next One 100 Great Films 100 Good Films and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot Young Josh contributor New York Simon amp Schuster Altria p 228 ISBN 978 0 7434 0054 1 Lax Eric 2007 Conversations with Woody Allen His Films the Movies and Moviemaking New York City Knopf Doubleday p 52 ISBN 978 0375415333 Turning Robin Williams into Aladdin s Genie ABC News August 15 2014 Archived from the original on December 11 2021 via YouTube McDonald Soraya Nadia August 15 2014 Robin Williams almost didn t make Aladdin and a generation of children is grateful that he did The Washington Post Archived from the original on December 16 2017 Retrieved September 10 2017 Labrecque Jeff August 12 2014 Robin Williams in Aladdin Animator Eric Goldberg remembers drawing Genie Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on August 18 2014 Retrieved August 18 2014 a b Golden Globes USA 1993 IMDb Retrieved January 7 2021 Meslow Scott October 28 2011 How Celebrities Took Over Cartoon Voice Acting The Atlantic Archived from the original on July 31 2018 Retrieved August 17 2014 2009 Disney Legends Award Recipients to Be Honored During D23 Expo in Anaheim Reuters September 1 2009 Archived from the original on December 14 2013 Retrieved January 26 2017 Welkos Robert October 24 1994 Abracadabra Disney Robin Williams Quit Feud Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on June 14 2017 Retrieved July 12 2017 Cerone Daniel Howard September 27 1995 Genie Grants Disney s Video Wish Marketing Robin Williams will reprise his Aladdin role in King of Thieves continuing the emergence of direct to video projects as an industry gold mine Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on May 12 2021 Retrieved August 15 2014 Veness Susan 2009 The Hidden Magic of Walt Disney World Over 600 Secrets of the Magic Kingdom Epcot Disney s Hollywood Studios and Animal Kingdom Vero Beach Florida Adams Media p 74 ISBN 978 1 4405 0432 7 Archived from the original on September 30 2015 Retrieved July 17 2015 He really wanted to be in the movie News com au January 2 2017 Archived from the original on January 16 2017 Retrieved January 15 2017 Elavsky Cindy August 24 2014 Celebrity Extra Downriver Sunday Times King Features Archived from the original on April 3 2019 Retrieved September 5 2014 Kuchwara Michael November 26 1988 Still Waiting for Godot Robin Williams Steve Martin play it for laughs The Free Lance Star Associated Press Archived from the original on November 12 2020 Retrieved October 23 2014 Rich Frank November 7 1988 Review Theater Godot The Timeless Relationship of 2 Interdependent Souls The New York Times Archived from the original on May 25 2015 Retrieved January 22 2023 The Broadway League Robin Williams Live on Broadway Archived February 12 2010 at the Wayback Machine IBDB com Retrieved January 19 2019 Isherwood Charles March 31 2011 Ghostly Beast Burning Bright in Iraq The New York Times Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Robin Williams and Audible Announce New Weekly Internet Program Business Wire The Free Library January 6 2000 Archived from the original on November 21 2018 Retrieved November 21 2018 Frauenfelder Mark December 1 2002 Living online Playboy Vol 49 no 12 p 41 Browne David September 11 2014 Robin Williams 1951 2014 Rolling Stone pp 38 47 Darrach Brad February 22 1988 A Comic s Crisis of the Heart People Archived from the original on October 16 2018 Retrieved August 13 2014 Holahan David Robin Williams bio revelations Infidelity substance abuse insecurity over Jim Carrey USA Today Retrieved July 28 2021 Mikelbank Peter Clehane Diane Dagostino Mark April 14 2008 Robin Williams Surprise Split People Retrieved February 6 2023 LaSalle Mick July 11 2018 Robin Williams gets his just due in documentary Come Inside My Mind San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on October 26 2018 Retrieved October 25 2018 a b Hochman David September 9 2013 Still Crazy Years after Mork and Buffy Robin Williams and Sarah Michelle Gellar hope to rope us in with a new sitcom TV Guide pp 16 19 ISSN 0039 8543 Garchik Leah March 27 2008 Robin Williams wife files for divorce after nearly 19 years San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on March 29 2008 Chaney Jen October 24 2011 Robin Williams and Susan Schneider reportedly wed The Washington Post Archived from the original on October 16 2018 Retrieved August 18 2014 Ravitz Justin October 24 2011 Robin Williams Weds Us Weekly Archived from the original on October 26 2011 Retrieved October 24 2014 Robin Williams It s time for a convoluted stream of consciousness Ask Me Anything Reddit com September 25 2013 Archived from the original on August 19 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Glover Bob 2014 Robin Williams My Teammate Runner s World Archived from the original on July 11 2020 Retrieved July 11 2020 Williams Robin September 25 2013 Robin Williams It s time for a convoluted stream of consciousness Ask Me Anything Interview Interviewed by The Reddit Community Archived from the original on November 9 2017 Retrieved September 10 2017 Robin Williams It s time for a convoluted stream of consciousness Ask Me Anything Reddit com September 25 2013 Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Szymanski Mike August 21 2002 Robin Williams Confesses to Another Addiction the Internet Zap2it Chicago Illinois Tribune Media Services Archived from the original on October 10 2002 Retrieved August 22 2014 DeMaria Rusel Wilson Johnny L 2003 High Score The Illustrated History of Electronic Games 2nd ed New York McGraw Hill p 154 ISBN 978 0 07 223172 4 Archived from the original on February 15 2017 Retrieved January 23 2017 Graser Marc August 13 2014 Robin Williams to Be Memorialized in World of Warcraft Variety Los Angeles California Archived from the original on August 16 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 Boutin Paul January 6 2006 Live coverage of Google Keynote with Robin Williams Engadget Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved February 6 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Terdiman Daniel May 11 2006 Robin Williams yucks it up for Spore CNET Archived from the original on August 20 2014 Retrieved August 19 2014 Dungeons and Dragons Game Day at London Dungeon Viewlondon co uk Archived from the original on July 22 2007 Retrieved August 29 2010 Peters Megan May 17 2018 Robin Williams Daughter Asks Fans To Help Identify His Massive Anime Collection Comic Book Archived from the original on August 7 2018 Retrieved February 9 2020 Robin Williams loved Anime I did not know that from user babysaidmaybe Imgur March 5 2017 Archived from the original on November 12 2020 Retrieved February 9 2020 Macdonald Christopher May 5 2005 More Robin Williams on Anime Anime News Network Archived from the original on August 7 2020 Retrieved February 9 2020 Murphy Brian Tour de Lance 100 percent pure ESPN Archived from the original on February 9 2007 Retrieved June 29 2007 Koeppel Dan 2003 Robin Williams Profile Robin Williams I m Lucky to Have Bikes in My Life Bicycling Magazine Archived from the original on September 3 2014 Retrieved September 2 2014 Cycle of Life Paddle8 Paddle8 Archived from the original on November 9 2016 Retrieved November 9 2016 Johnson Caitlin A July 3 2007 A License to Laugh CBS News Archived from the original on February 2 2012 Retrieved March 27 2009 Borschel Amanda August 12 2014 Honorary Jew Robin Williams 63 found dead The Times of Israel Associated Press Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Celebrity Salute to Israel Times Square May 13 2008 Archived from the original on August 13 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 via YouTube Brown Carolyn M August 12 2014 Robin Williams Whoopi Goldberg and Billy Crystal Raised 80 Million For Homeless blackenterprise com Archived from the original on October 25 2014 Retrieved October 24 2014 Finn Natalie August 12 2014 Billy Crystal and Whoopi Goldberg React in Kind to Robin Williams Death No Words E Archived from the original on October 23 2014 Retrieved October 25 2014 Thompson Mark August 12 2014 The Military Absolutely Loved Robin Williams Time Archived from the original on August 9 2019 On Patrol USO Fall 2014 p 8 Stones cover enters festive race BBC News December 10 1999 Archived from the original on November 16 2005 Retrieved July 14 2007 Greenhill Marc November 16 2010 Robin Williams quake donation Stuff Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 11 2014 Bronstein Phil February 9 2005 Good Morning Iraq San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on March 11 2007 Retrieved September 4 2009 Celebrity Involvement at St Jude St Jude Archived from the original on June 14 2012 Retrieved July 7 2012 a b c Aitkenhead Decca September 20 2010 Robin Williams I was shameful did stuff that caused disgust that s hard to recover from The Guardian London England Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Reinstein Mara January 21 2018 Sundance 2018 Five Revelations From New Robin Williams Documentary US Weekly New York City American Media Inc Archived from the original on August 17 2018 Retrieved December 28 2018 video Robin Williams Told Friend Cycling Saved My Life Post Cocaine Days ABC News New York City ABC August 13 2014 Archived from the original on August 15 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 Duke Alan August 14 2014 Robin Williams was in early stages of Parkinson s disease wife reveals Atlanta Georgia CNN Archived from the original on August 16 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 Gay Jason August 14 2014 Robin Williams and Dario Pegoretti The Comedian and the Bike Builder The Wall Street Journal New York City Archived from the original on August 18 2014 Retrieved August 18 2014 Subscription required Robin Williams Comes Clean on GMA ABC News New York City ABC October 2 2006 Archived from the original on September 26 2010 Retrieved August 29 2010 Duke Alan March 4 2009 Robin Williams short of breath takes a break Atlanta Georgia CNN Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Errico Marcus August 11 2014 Robin Williams Dead of Apparent Suicide at 63 Yahoo Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 Robin Williams to undergo heart surgery Today Associated Press March 5 2009 Archived from the original on October 24 2014 Retrieved October 29 2014 Doheny Kathleen Robin Williams Heart Surgery Road to Recovery WebMD Archived from the original on December 19 2019 Retrieved December 19 2019 Robin Williams heart surgery goes extremely well Atlanta Georgia CNN March 23 2009 Archived from the original on October 24 2014 Retrieved May 22 2010 Duke Alan August 12 2014 Robin Williams dead family friends and fans are totally devastated CNN Archived from the original on August 11 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 Robin Williams had Parkinson s BBC News August 14 2014 Archived from the original on August 14 2014 Retrieved August 14 2014 Ryder Taryn August 15 2014 Wife Robin Williams Had Parkinson s Disease His Sobriety Intact Before Death Yahoo Archived from the original on August 16 2014 Retrieved August 15 2014 Tsai Kevin Wen Kai Matsuda Hiroshi Orimo Satoshi Wei Cheng Yu September 1 2019 Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Application International Journal of Gerontology 13 3 doi 10 6890 IJGE 201909 13 3 0001 a b Robin Williams coroner s report finds no illegal drugs or alcohol in system Daily News New York Archived from the original on November 9 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 Cooper Marta October 2 2016 Robin Williams suffered from a common form of dementia that many people don t know about Quartz Archived from the original on October 5 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 a b c Schneider Williams Susan September 27 2016 The terrorist inside my husband s brain PDF Neurology 87 13 1308 1311 doi 10 1212 WNL 0000000000003162 PMID 27672165 Archived PDF from the original on July 22 2020 Retrieved July 23 2020 Itzkoff Dave Fitzsimmons Emma G Weber Bruce August 11 2014 Robin Williams Oscar Winning Comedian Dies at 63 The New York Times Archived from the original on January 7 2020 Retrieved August 11 2014 California Robin Williams s Autopsy Shows No Illicit Drugs The New York Times Associated Press November 7 2014 Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Retrieved November 9 2021 No Alcohol Or Drugs Involved in Death of Robin Williams NBC News November 7 2014 Archived from the original on January 2 2019 Retrieved December 20 2018 Stucker Matthew November 7 2014 Robin Williams death ruled suicide CNN Archived from the original on November 8 2014 Retrieved November 7 2014 Freeman Hadley January 1 2021 Robin Williams s widow There were so many misunderstandings about what had happened to him The Guardian Archived from the original on November 1 2022 Retrieved March 23 2022 Ford Dana August 21 2014 Robin Williams ashes scattered in San Francisco Bay CNN Archived from the original on May 14 2016 Retrieved August 21 2014 Death Certificate Indicates Robin Williams Cremated Ashes Scattered In San Francisco Bay CBS Local August 21 2014 Archived from the original on August 26 2014 Retrieved September 16 2014 Derschowitz Jessica August 12 2014 Robin Williams tributes pour in from Hollywood CBS News Archived from the original on October 24 2014 Retrieved October 29 2014 Beloved Comic Actor Robin Williams Dead at 63 NBC August 12 2014 Archived from the original on August 12 2014 Retrieved October 29 2014 Robin Williams Family The World is Forever a Little Darker Variety August 12 2014 Archived from the original on December 22 2014 Retrieved August 12 2014 President Obama on the Passing of Robin Williams He Was One of a Kind White House August 11 2014 Archived from the original on December 21 2018 Retrieved March 5 2019 a b Collis Clark November 11 2014 Monty Python reunion Eric Idle on his late friend Robin Williams Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on August 22 2019 Retrieved August 22 2019 International Youth Day Event Mental Health Matters United Nations Photo Archived from the original on June 14 2020 Retrieved June 27 2020 Idato Michael August 14 2014 Robin Williams death Jimmy Fallon fights tears pays tribute with Oh Captain My Captain The Sydney Morning Herald Archived from the original on September 1 2014 Retrieved November 15 2014 Lewis Hilary August 14 2014 Disney Networks to Air Aladdin in Honor of Robin Williams The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on March 29 2020 Robin Williams honored on Broadway with dimmed lights Aladdin tribute NBC News August 14 2014 Archived from the original on January 28 2018 Retrieved January 28 2018 Simakis Andrea August 14 2014 Broadway s Aladdin cast honors Robin Williams with song The Plain Dealer Archived from the original on October 26 2014 Retrieved October 29 2014 Fans mourn Robin Williams at Hollywood Walk of Fame star autopsy pending Los Angeles Daily News City News Service August 12 2014 Archived from the original on August 19 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 MacQuarrie Brian Crimaldi Laura August 12 2014 Boston fans remember Robin Williams The Boston Globe Archived from the original on August 14 2014 Retrieved August 15 2014 Rocha Veronica August 13 2014 Robin Williams memorial grows outside Mrs Doubtfire house Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on August 16 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 Keene theater to host free Jumanji screening after star s death August 15 2014 Archived from the original on June 14 2020 Retrieved March 19 2018 Bacle Ariana August 12 2014 Fans remember Robin Williams at Mork and Mindy house Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on August 15 2014 Retrieved August 15 2014 Therrell Lane August 22 2014 Billy Crystal Emmys Tribute to Robin Williams Expected to Honor Humor Guardian Liberty Voice Archived from the original on May 26 2023 Retrieved May 25 2023 Sacks Ethan August 25 2014 Emmys 2014 Robin Williams given emotional tribute by good friend Billy Crystal Daily News New York Archived from the original on August 26 2014 Retrieved August 26 2014 Robin Williams late night tributes Jimmy Fallon Seth Meyers and Conan O Brien share memories The Washington Post August 13 2014 Archived from the original on March 6 2019 Retrieved March 4 2019 Weinstein Shelli September 2 2014 Robin Williams Tribute Special to Air on PBS Variety Archived from the original on April 17 2023 Retrieved May 25 2023 Barnes Mike September 27 2014 Robin Williams Life Celebrated at San Francisco Tribute Attended by Family Industry Friends The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on May 25 2023 Retrieved May 25 2023 Morgan Britton Luke August 24 2015 Iron Maiden dedicate new song Tears Of A Clown to Robin Williams NME Archived from the original on September 6 2015 Retrieved December 15 2022 Robin Williams tunnel officially gets new signs San Francisco Chronicle March 2016 Archived from the original on October 17 2016 Retrieved January 2 2017 Golden Gate Park meadow renamed for Robin Williams San Francisco Chronicle December 22 2017 Archived from the original on March 14 2020 Retrieved January 9 2020 Gleiberman Owen January 20 2018 Sundance Film Review Robin Williams Come Inside My Mind Variety Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 10 2018 San Francisco mural honors Robin Williams Los Angeles Times August 30 2018 Archived from the original on September 10 2018 Retrieved September 9 2018 Rodriguez Joe Fitzgerald August 29 2018 Artist paints Robin Williams mural for free on SF s Market Street San Francisco Examiner Archived from the original on August 30 2018 Retrieved May 22 2023 Lewis Andy August 27 2014 Robin Williams Bio in the Works The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on May 25 2023 Retrieved May 25 2023 Itzkoff Dave May 15 2018 Robin New York Henry Holt and Company ISBN 9781627794244 OCLC 1035944986 Preview Archived June 26 2020 at the Wayback Machine at Google Books Huff Lauren August 6 2020 Robin Williams final days detailed in touching trailer for new documentary Robin s Wish Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Retrieved August 7 2020 The Hall National Comedy Center Jamestown NY National Comedy Center Jamestown NY Retrieved May 25 2023 Jonathan Winters Dead Mork and Mindy Star Dies At Age 87 HuffPost April 12 2013 Archived from the original on November 10 2014 Retrieved October 23 2014 video Williams Robin Robin Williams Parkinson interview 2002 Interview Interviewed by Michael Parkinson Archived from the original on September 17 2014 Retrieved September 18 2014 a b Browne David September 11 2014 Robin Williams 1951 2014 Rolling Stone pp 38 47 Archived from the original on August 29 2016 Retrieved August 26 2016 Friedman Roger August 13 2014 Glenn Close on Friend and Colleague Robin Williams Was a World Treasure Showbiz411 com Archived from the original on May 17 2022 Retrieved May 25 2023 a b Goodale Gloria August 12 2014 Robin Williams His unscripted riffs were not merely funny but observant The Christian Science Monitor Los Angeles ISSN 0882 7729 Archived from the original on June 2 2022 Retrieved May 25 2023 Jim Carrey Impersonates Robin Williams on YouTube Rappoport Leon Punchlines The Case for Racial Ethnic and Gender Humor Greenwood Publishing 2005 p 136 Valley native Chris Columbus speaks about life with Robin Williams vindy com August 13 2014 Archived from the original on August 19 2014 Retrieved October 24 2014 Robin Williams Television Academy Archived from the original on August 7 2020 Retrieved January 28 2020 Robin Williams goldenglobes com Archived from the original on July 31 2020 Retrieved January 28 2020 Robin Williams Artist National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Archived from the original on September 22 2020 Retrieved August 2 2020 Artist Robin Williams Wins 5 Nominations 9 Robin Williams Biography Movies Awards Death amp Facts Encyclopaedia Britannica Archived from the original on June 27 2019 Retrieved January 28 2020 Sources David Jay 1999 The Life and Humor of Robin Williams A Biography New York Quill ISBN 978 0 688 15245 1 Dougan Andy 1999 Robin Williams A Biography Thunder s Mouth Press ISBN 978 1 56025 213 9 Spignesi Stephen J 1997 The Robin Williams Scrapbook Secaucus NJ Carol Pub ISBN 978 0 8065 1891 6 Further reading The Life and Death of Robin Williams ABC News 2020 August 12 2014 Archived from the original on August 13 2014 Retrieved August 13 2014 Travers Peter Peter Travers on 9 of His Favorite Robin Williams Performances Rolling Stone s film critic weighs in on the late actor and comedian s best work Rolling Stone Weisman Aly August 13 2014 Robin Williams set up a 3 part trust fund for his kids amid money troubles before death Business Insider External linksRobin Williams at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote Robin Williams at the Internet Broadway Database nbsp Robin Williams at IMDb nbsp Robin Williams at the TCM Movie Database nbsp Appearances on C SPAN Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Film nbsp Comedy nbsp Chicago Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Robin Williams amp oldid 1181466186, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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