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Wikipedia

Saturday Night Live

March 13, 2023

For the current season, see Saturday Night Live (season 48). For other uses, see Saturday Night Live (disambiguation).
"SNL" redirects here. For other uses, see SNL (disambiguation).

Saturday Night Live (often abbreviated to SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy, political satire, and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol that airs on NBC and Peacock. Michaels currently serves as the program's showrunner. The show premiere was hosted by George Carlin on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast, with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", properly beginning the show.

Saturday Night Live
Logo used since October 1, 2022
Also known asNBC's Saturday Night
(1975–1977)
Saturday Night Live '80
(1980)
Genre
Created byLorne Michaels
Written byList of Saturday Night Live writers
Directed by
StarringList of Saturday Night Live cast members
Narrated byDon Pardo
Mel Brandt
Bill Hanrahan
Darrell Hammond
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons48
No. of episodes945 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producersLorne Michaels
(1975–1980; 1985–present)
Jean Doumanian (1980–1981)
Dick Ebersol (1981–1985)
Production locationsStudio 8H, NBC Studios, New York City
Running time93 minutes (with commercials)
Production company
Other studios:
DistributorNBCUniversal Television and Streaming
Release
Original networkNBC
Peacock
Picture format
Audio format
Original releaseOctober 11, 1975 (1975-10-11) –
present (present)
Chronology
Related

In 1980 Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was then replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned. Since then, Michaels has held the job of showrunner. Many SNL cast members have found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, and starring in television and film.

Broadcast from Studio 8H at NBC's headquarters in the Comcast Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, SNL has aired 945 episodes since its debut, and began its 48th season on October 1, 2022, making it one of the longest-running network television programs in the United States. The show format has been developed and recreated in several countries, meeting with different levels of success. Successful sketches have seen life outside the show as feature films, including The Blues Brothers (1980) and Wayne's World (1992). The show has been marketed in other ways, including home media releases of "best of" and whole seasons, and books and documentaries about behind-the-scenes activities of running and developing the show.

Throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a vast number of awards, including 93 Primetime Emmy Awards, six Writers Guild of America Awards, and three Peabody Awards. In 2000 it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame. It was ranked tenth in TV Guide's "50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time" list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time's "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME." As of 2022 the show had received over 305 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, the most received by any television program.[2] The live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests.

Development

From 1965 until 1975 NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, airing them on either Saturday or Sunday night at local affiliates' discretion (originally known as The Saturday/Sunday Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson). In 1974 Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off.[3]

In 1974 NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late-night programming, Dick Ebersol, and asked him to create a show to fill the Saturday night time slot.[4] At the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels.[5] Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the latter's idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire, and music performances that would attract 18- to 34-year-old viewers.[6][7] By 1975, Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael O'Donoghue, Gilda Radner,[6] and George Coe.[8] The show was originally called NBC's Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC.[9] After the cancellation of the Cosell show, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title as of the 17th episode of the second season – the episode hosted by Jack Burns on March 26, 1977.[10] However, the name change was not finalized until the premiere episode of the show's third season. The show was originally conceived with three rotating permanent hosts: Lily Tomlin, Richard Pryor, and George Carlin. According to Ebersol, consideration was given to Steve Martin and singer Linda Ronstadt also being included as a duo.[11] When Pryor dropped out because his brand of comedy was not censor-friendly, the concept was dropped. [12]

History of Saturday Night Live series:

1975–1980
(seasons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
1980–1985
(seasons 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
1985–1990
(seasons 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
1990–1995
(seasons 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
1995–2000
(seasons 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
2000–2005
(seasons 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
2005–2010
(seasons 31, 32, 33, 34, 35)
2010–2015
(seasons 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
2015–2020
(seasons 41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
2020–present
(seasons 46, 47, 48)

Weekend Update

Debuting on October 11, 1975,[7] the show quickly developed a cult following,[13] eventually becoming a mainstream hit and spawning (in 1978) "Best of Saturday Night Live" compilations that reached viewers who could not stay awake for the live broadcasts. But during the first season in 1975 and 1976, some NBC executives were not satisfied with the show's Nielsen ratings and shares.[14] Lorne Michaels pointed out to them that Nielsen's measurement of demographics indicated that baby boomers constituted a large majority of the viewers who did commit to watching the show, and many of them watched little else on television.[15] In 1975 and 1976 they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, even though Generation X was the right age for commercials for toys and other children's products. Baby boomers far outnumbered Generation X in reality but not in television viewership with the exception of Michaels's new show and major league sports, and advertisers had long been concerned about baby boomers' distaste for the powerful medium. NBC executives eventually understood Michaels's explanation of the desirable demographics and they decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches.[16]

They included a Weekend Update segment on April 24, 1976, the 18th episode, that ridiculed Aspen, Colorado murder suspect Claudine Longet and warranted an on-air apology by announcer Don Pardo during the following episode.[17] Herminio Traviesas, a censor who was vice president of the network's Standards and Practices department, objected to cast member Laraine Newman's use of the term "pissed off" in the March 13, 1976, episode with host Anthony Perkins; he was in the process of placing the show on a permanent delay of several seconds, instead of live, but he changed his mind after Newman personally apologized to him.[18] In December 1977 British singer-songwriter Elvis Costello appeared last minute on the show after The Sex Pistols cancelled, within seconds of starting to play the agreed song Less than Zero, Costello stopped his band and launched into Radio Radio which is about what's wrong with corporate-controlled broadcasting.[19][20] Off camera an enraged Lorne Michaels reportedly gave Costello the middle finger through the entire duration of the song.[20] The stunt got Costello banned from SNL for twelve years.[20]

Chevy Chase left the show in November of the second season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four. In May 1980 (after season five) Michaels – emotionally and physically exhausted – requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects.[21] Concerned the show would be canceled without him, Michaels suggested writers Al Franken, Tom Davis, and Jim Downey as his replacements. NBC president Fred Silverman disliked Franken and was infuriated by Franken's Weekend Update routine on May 10, 1980 called "A Limo for a Lame-O", a scathing critique of Silverman's job performance at the network and his insistence on traveling by limousine at the network's expense. Silverman blamed Michaels for approving this Weekend Update segment.[22] Unable to get the deal he wanted, Michaels chose to leave NBC for Paramount Pictures, intending to take his associate producer, Jean Doumanian, with him. Michaels later learned that Doumanian had been given his position at SNL after being recommended by her friend, NBC vice president Barbara Gallagher.[23] Michaels's departure led to most of the cast and writing staff leaving the show.[24]

The reputation of the show as a springboard to fame meant that many aspiring stars were eager to join the new series. Jean Doumanian was tasked with hiring a full cast and writing staff in less than three months, and NBC immediately cut the show's budget from the previous $1 million per episode down to just $350,000. Doumanian faced resentment and sabotage from the remaining Michaels staff.[25] The 1980 season was a disaster; ratings plummeted, and audiences failed to connect to the original cast's replacements, such as Charles Rocket and Ann Risley.[24] Doumanian's fate was sealed when, during a sketch, Rocket said "fuck" on live television.[26] After only ten months, Doumanian was dismissed.[27][28] Although executives suggested SNL be left to die, Brandon Tartikoff, who succeeded Silverman as network chief in mid-1981, wanted to keep the show on the air, believing the concept was more important to the network than money. Tartikoff turned to Ebersol as his choice for the new producer. Ebersol previously had been fired by Silverman. Ebersol gained Michaels's approval in an attempt to avoid the same staff sabotage that had blighted Doumanian's tenure.[29]

Ebersol's tenure saw commercial success, but was considered lackluster compared to the Michaels era, except for the breakout of new cast member Eddie Murphy during the 1980–81 sixth season.[30] Murphy, the main draw of the cast, left in 1984 to pursue his already-successful film career, and Ebersol decided to again rebuild the cast. He broke with history by hiring established comedians such as Billy Crystal and Martin Short who could bring their already successful material to the show.[29] Ebersol's final year with this new cast is considered one of the series' funniest, but had strayed far from the precedent-shattering show Michaels had created.[31] After that season, Ebersol wanted a more significant revamp, including departing from the show's established "live" format.[citation needed] Following unsuccessful forays into film and television, in need of money, and eager not to see Tartikoff cancel the show,[32] Michaels finally returned in 1985 after Ebersol opted out. The show was again recast, with Michaels borrowing Ebersol's idea to seek out established actors such as Joan Cusack and Robert Downey Jr.[33] The cast and writers struggled creatively and, in April 1986, Tartikoff made the decision to cancel the show, until he was convinced by producer Bernie Brillstein to give it one more year.[34] The show was renewed, but, for the first time in its history, for only thirteen episodes instead of the usual twenty-two.[35] Michaels again fired most of the cast and, learning his lesson from the previous seasons, sought out unknown talent such as Dana Carvey and Phil Hartman instead of known names.[35]

The show ran successfully again until it lost Carvey and Hartman, two of its biggest stars, between 1992 and 1994. Wanting to increase SNL's ratings and profitability, then-NBC West Coast president Don Ohlmeyer and other executives began to actively interfere in the show, recommending that new stars such as Chris Farley and Adam Sandler be fired (because Ohlmeyer did not "get" them) and critiquing the costly nature of performing the show live. The show faced increasing criticism from the press and cast, in part encouraged by the NBC executives hoping to weaken Michaels's position.[36] Michaels received a lucrative offer to develop a Saturday night project for CBS during this time, but remained loyal to SNL.[37] 1995 saw the biggest upheaval in the cast in nearly a decade. Popular cast member Mike Myers left after five years, and Farley and Sandler, among others, were fired. A mostly new cast featuring Will Ferrell, Cheri Oteri and Darrell Hammond was hired for the new season.[38] The show focused on performers, and writers were forced to supply material for the cast's existing characters before they could write original sketches.[39] By 1997, Ohlmeyer renewed his focus on limiting Michaels's independence, forcing the removal of writer Jim Downey and cast member Norm Macdonald.[40]

In December 2021 Lorne Michaels speculated that season 50 of SNL may be his last, while Kenan Thompson speculated in August 2022 that Saturday Night Live may come to an end altogether after its 50th season in 2025. Michaels said in an interview on CBS Mornings that he is "committed to doing the show until its 50th anniversary ... I'd like to see that through, and I have a feeling that would be a really good time to leave." Thompson has stated that it would "make sense financially" for NBC to end the show after Michaels' retirement. In an interview with Charlamagne tha God Thompson said: "[NBC] might slash the budget and then at that point, you can't really do the same kind of show. So that's unfair to watch it just really go down kind of in flames for real because of those restrictions ... Capping it at 50 might not be a bad idea." Despite these speculations, no official announcement has been made regarding the future of SNL.[41][42]

Cast and crew

Cast

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live cast members
 
The original 1975 cast, from left to right: Laraine Newman, John Belushi, Jane Curtin, Gilda Radner, Dan Aykroyd, Garrett Morris, and Chevy Chase

The original 1975 cast of SNL, titled "The Not Ready For Prime-Time Players",[43][44] a term coined by writer Herb Sargent,[45] included Laraine Newman, John Belushi, Jane Curtin, Gilda Radner, Dan Aykroyd, Garrett Morris, and Chevy Chase. Radner was the first person hired after Michaels himself. Although Chase became a performer, he was hired on a one-year writer contract and refused to sign the performer contract that was repeatedly given to him, allowing him to leave the show after the first season in 1976.[46] Newman was brought aboard after having a prior working relationship with Michaels.[47] Morris was initially brought in as a writer, but attempts to have him fired by another writer led Michaels to have Morris audition for the cast, where he turned in a successful performance.[48] Curtin and Belushi were the last two cast members hired.[47] Belushi had a disdain for television and had repeatedly turned down offers to appear on other shows, but decided to work with the show because of the involvement of Radner and writers Anne Beatts and Michael O'Donoghue.[49] Michaels was still reluctant to hire Belushi, believing he would be a source of trouble for the show, but Beatts, O'Donoghue, and Ebersol successfully argued for his inclusion.[49]

After Chase left the show, he was replaced by Bill Murray, whom Michaels had intended to hire for the first-season cast but was unable to because of budget restrictions.[50] When Chase returned to host in 1978, he found the remaining cast resentful at his departure and his success, particularly Belushi. Murray, goaded by the rest of the cast, and Chase came to blows shortly before the show.[51] Chase's departure for film made Michaels possessive of his talent; he threatened to fire Aykroyd if he took the role of D-Day in the 1978 comedy Animal House and later refused to allow SNL musician Paul Shaffer to participate in The Blues Brothers (1980) with Aykroyd and Belushi after they left in 1979 to pursue film careers.[52][53] Michaels began to struggle to hold the remaining cast together in the wake of Chase, Aykroyd, and Belushi's independent successes. Radner had a one-woman Broadway show and Murray starred in the 1979 comedy Meatballs.[54] In 1980 Michaels chose to leave the series to pursue other interests and was replaced by Doumanian, who wanted to give the show a fresh start with a new cast and writing staff.[55] Michaels was followed out the door by the remaining original cast, Curtin, Newman, Radner, Morris, Murray, and additional cast members.[53]

The Doumanian-era cast faced immediate comparison to the beloved former cast and was not received favorably.[27] Ebersol fired the majority of her hires, except for two unknown comedians: Eddie Murphy and Joe Piscopo.[56] Talent coordinator Neil Levy claimed Murphy contacted and pleaded with him for a role on the show and, after seeing him audition, Levy fought with Doumanian to cast him instead of Robert Townsend. Doumanian wanted only one black cast member and favored Townsend, but Levy convinced her to choose Murphy. Doumanian also claimed credit for discovering Murphy and fighting with NBC executives to bring him onto the show.[57] Even so, Murphy would languish as a background character until Ebersol took charge,[58] after which Murphy was credited with much of that era's success.[59][60] Murphy's star exploded, and he quickly appeared in films such as 48 Hrs. and Trading Places, before leaving for his film career in early 1984. Much of the Ebersol cast departed after the 1983–84 season and were replaced with established comedians who could supply their own material, but at an inflated cost; Billy Crystal and Martin Short were paid $25,000 and $20,000 per episode, respectively, far more than earlier salaries.[29] Michaels's return in 1985 saw a cast reset that featured talent such as Robert Downey Jr., Jon Lovitz, and Dennis Miller.[61] The season was poorly received, and another reset followed in 1986. Michaels kept Lovitz, Miller, and Nora Dunn, and brought in new, untested talent such as Conan O'Brien, Robert Smigel, Greg Daniels, Bob Odenkirk, Kevin Nealon, Dana Carvey, Phil Hartman, and Jan Hooks, who together would define a new era on the show into the early 1990s.[62]

In 1989–90 new talent such as Mike Myers, Adam Sandler, and Chris Farley was added. Afraid of cast members leaving for film careers, Michaels had overcrowded the cast, causing a divide between the veteran members and the new, younger talent, increasing competition for limited screen time.[63] By 1995, Carvey and Hartman had left, taking with them a virtual army of characters; Myers quit for his movie career, and increasing network pressure forced Michaels to fire Sandler and Farley. The show saw its next major overhaul, bringing in a largely new cast including Will Ferrell, Molly Shannon, Cheri Oteri and Darrell Hammond. Within a few years Jimmy Fallon and Tina Fey also joined the cast.[64] While cast members would leave over the following two decades, the show saw its next biggest transition in 2013, with the addition of six cast members to compensate for the departure of several longtime cast members like Bill Hader, Jason Sudeikis, and Fred Armisen.[65]

As of Season 48, SNL has featured 163 cast members including, besides the above-mentioned players, Rachel Dratch, Amy Poehler, Chris Rock, David Spade, Will Forte, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Tracy Morgan, Chris Parnell, Maya Rudolph, Andy Samberg, Molly Shannon, Kristen Wiig, and many others. Kenan Thompson is the show's longest-serving cast member. Thompson first joined the series in 2003 and has been on the show for twenty seasons.[66] Those selected to join the cast of SNL are normally already accomplished performers, recruited from improvisational comedy groups such as The Groundlings (Newman, Ferrell, Hartman,[67] Lovitz, Wiig[68]) and The Second City (Aykroyd, Farley, Fey,[69] Tim Meadows), or established stand-up comedians (Carvey, Sandler, Rock, Norm Macdonald), who already possess the training or experience necessary for SNL.[70]

Of the many roles available in the show, one of the longest-running and most coveted is being the host of Weekend Update, a segment featuring one or two hosts, who get substantial screen time performing as themselves.[citation needed] Many of the Weekend Update hosts have gone on to find greater success outside the show, including Chase, Curtin, Murray,[citation needed] Miller, Macdonald,[71] Fey,[citation needed] Fallon,[72] and Poehler. From 2008, Seth Meyers was the solo host of Weekend Update,[73] before being partnered with Cecily Strong in 2013. After Meyers left for Late Night with Seth Meyers in February 2014, Strong was paired with head writer Colin Jost. However, later that year, she was replaced by writer Michael Che.[74][75]

The cast is divided into two tiers: the more established group of repertory players; and newer, unproven cast members known as featured players, who may eventually be promoted to the repertory stable.

2022–23 season cast[76]
Repertory players Featured players
ⱡ denotes Weekend Update anchor

The cast were often contracted from anywhere between five and six years to the show,[77][78] but starting with the 1999–2000 season, new hires were tied to a rewritten contract that allowed NBC to take a cast member in at least their second year and put them in an NBC sitcom. Cast members are given the option of rejecting the first two sitcom offers but must accept the third offer, with the sitcom contract length dictated by NBC and potentially lasting up to six years.[78] The move drew criticism from talent agents and managers who believed a cast member could be locked into a contract with NBC for twelve years; six on SNL and then six on a sitcom. The contract also optioned the cast member for three feature films produced by SNL Films, a company owned by NBC, Paramount Pictures, and Michaels. The new contracts were reportedly developed after many previously unknown cast, such as Mike Myers and Adam Sandler, gained fame on SNL only to leave and make money for other studios.[78] In a 2010 interview, Wiig was reported to be contracted to SNL for a total of seven years.[79] The contracts also contain a network option that allows NBC to remove a cast member at any time.[80] In the first season of the show the cast was paid $750 per episode, rising to $2,000 by season two, and $4,000 by season four.[81] By the late 1990s, new cast members received a salary between $5,000[78] and $5,500 per episode, increasing to $6,000 in the second year and up to $12,500 for a cast member in their fifth year. Performers could earn an additional $1,500 per episode for writing a sketch that made it to air.[80] In 2001, Ferrell became the highest-paid cast member, being paid $350,000 per season (approximately $17,500 per episode).[82] In 2014 Sasheer Zamata was added as a cast member in mid-season after criticism of the show's lack of an African-American woman.[83][84][85]

Number of cast members by season

Writers

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live writers
 
Showrunner Lorne Michaels

As of the 2022–23 season, Kent Sublette, Alison Gates, and Streeter Seidell are the show's co-head writers.[86]

Seth Meyers became a co-head writer in 2005, became the single head writer from 2008 to 2012, and then left in 2014. The Weekend Update segment has its own dedicated team of writers led by head writer and producer Alex Baze as of the 2011–12 season.[87][88][89] Scenes on Weekend Update that involve members of the cast acting in-character alongside the host are often written by staff writers outside the dedicated Weekend Update team, who know those characters better.[89]

Colin Jost has been a writer since 2005 and was one of the head writers from 2012 to 2015 before being renamed head writer, from 2017 until 2022. Michael Che has been a writer since 2013. He temporarily left the show in the summer of 2014, but came back that fall to anchor Update and reclaimed his status as a writer, then serving as co-head writer alongside Jost for five years.[90][91]

SNL writers are often also performers or experienced in writing and improvisational comedy. Many are hired from similar backgrounds such as The Groundlings, Second City, Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre, and ImprovOlympic.[53] Comedian Jim Downey was head writer for nine years beginning in 1985.[92] Experienced writers with backgrounds in television shows are also sometimes brought into the SNL writing room. Like the SNL cast who appear on camera, many of the writers have been able to find their own success outside the show, such as Conan O'Brien, who was brought into SNL from The Groundlings in 1988, went on to write for The Simpsons, and eventually began hosting his own show.[93] Former head writer Adam McKay, along with performer Ferrell, founded the successful comedy website Funny or Die.[94] In 2000 Tina Fey became the first woman SNL head writer[95][96] and successfully made the transition to starring on the show,[97] as well as writing and starring in feature films,[98][99][100] ultimately creating and starring in her own show 30 Rock, which was partly based on her SNL experiences.[101] In 2005 Fey was paid $1.5 million per season for her dual role as head writer and performer.[102] Writer John Mulaney has also found success outside of SNL through well-received stand-up specials, his Broadway act The Oh, Hello Show, and the special John Mulaney & the Sack Lunch Bunch.

Announcers

Don Pardo served as the announcer for the series when it began and continued in the role for all but season seven, between 1981 and 1982, when Michaels had left and Mel Brandt and Bill Hanrahan filled the announcing role. In 2004 Pardo announced that he would step down from his position, but then continued in the role until 2009 where he again announced his retirement, but then continued into the 2009–10 season.[103]

In 2010 the 92-year-old Pardo was reported to be again considering his retirement, but continued to serve as announcer until his death at age 96 on August 18, 2014, following the 39th season. Apart from a brief period in 2006 in which Pardo pre-recorded his announcements at his home in Arizona, he flew to New York City to perform his announcing duties live, until 2010 when he began recording permanently from Arizona.[103][104][105] Cast members Joe Piscopo[106] and Darrell Hammond also periodically impersonated Pardo and fulfilled his announcing duties when Pardo was unavailable.[107] Hammond took over as full-time announcer starting with season 40.[108]

Hosts and musical guests

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live guests

A typical episode of SNL will feature a single host chosen for their popularity or novelty, or because they have a film, album, or other work being released near the time of their appearance on the show.[109] The host delivers the opening monologue and goodnights, introduces the musical guest, and performs in sketches with the cast. Traditionally, the host of the show ends the opening monologue by introducing the musical guest for the night, "We got a great show for you tonight, (musical guest) is/are here. So stick around, we'll be right back." Comedian George Carlin was the first to host SNL in the debut October 1975 episode;[110] three episodes later, Candice Bergen became the first woman to host[111] and subsequently the first host to return.[112] Guests who have hosted five or more times are sometimes referred to as belonging to the Five-Timers Club, a term that originated on a sketch performed on Tom Hanks's fifth episode.[113] As of February 11, 2017, actor Alec Baldwin holds the record for most times hosting, having performed the duty on seventeen different occasions since 1990; Baldwin took the record from actor Steve Martin who has hosted fifteen times since 1976.[114] Occasionally, former SNL cast members also host.

Each episode also features a musical guest, a solo act or a band, who perform two or three musical numbers. Occasionally, the musical guest simultaneously serves as the host, and may also appear in comedy sketches. As of October 11, 2020, Dave Grohl is the most frequent musical guest, performing on fourteen shows since 1992.[115] Michaels strongly opposes the use of pre-recorded vocals during musical performances.

Michaels does not allow musical guests to perform using lip-synching tracks,[116] believing it diminishes the live aspect of the show. Exceptions are made only when the musical act is focused on intense dance routines instead of vocals, where it is difficult to be both heavily physically active and sing.[117] A 1975 performance by pop group ABBA was the first and only act to feature lip-synching,[116] until the controversial 2004 performance of Ashlee Simpson.

The December 18, 2021, episode (hosted by Paul Rudd) became the first episode to not feature any musical performances since the first episode of season 12, as well as the third episode in the show's duration to not have a musical guest, due to the rise of the Omicron variant in New York City during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.[118] Charli XCX was planned as the musical guest, but her performance was cancelled due to the new restrictions as the show had a "limited cast and crew" and no audience.[119] She was due to perform "Good Ones" and "New Shapes" on this episode, with Christine and the Queens and Caroline Polachek scheduled to guest on the latter performance. XCX's only appearance in the episode, however, was in the pre-recorded music video spoof called "The Christmas Socks", where she played a parrot named T.J. Rocks. To make up for time and the lack of cast members, classic Christmas sketches are shown, with some sketches introduced by Tina Fey, Tom Hanks, and Kenan Thompson.

The Band

Main article: Saturday Night Live Band

The Saturday Night Live Band (also known as "The Live Band") is the house band for SNL. Academy Award-winning composer Howard Shore served as the first musical director, from 1975 to 1980, appearing in many musical sketches, including Howard Shore and His All-Nurse Band and (backing a U.S. Coast Guard chorus) Howard Shore and the Shore Patrol. Over the years, the band has featured several New York studio musicians including Paul Shaffer (1975–1980), Lou Marini (1975–1983), David Sanborn (1975), Michael Brecker (early 1980s), Ray Chew (1980–1983), Alan Rubin (1975–1983), Georg Wadenius (1979–1985), Steve Ferrone (1985), David Johansen (performing as Buster Poindexter), Tom Malone (who took over as musical director from 1981 to 1985), and G. E. Smith (musical director from 1985 to 1995). As of 2017, the band is under the leadership of Tower of Power alumnus Lenny Pickett, keyboardist Leon Pendarvis, and Eli Brueggemann, who does not play in the band on the live show. The band plays instrumentals leading in and out of station breaks; affiliates who run no advertising during these interludes hear the band play complete songs behind a Saturday Night Live bumper graphic until the program resumes.[120] The band plays "Closing Theme (Waltz in A)", written by Shore, at the end of the show.[121]

Production

Main articles: List of recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches and Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches (listed alphabetically)
 
Comcast Building (30 Rockefeller Plaza, or "30 Rock") from which the show is broadcast

The studio

Main article: Studio 8H

Since the show's inception, SNL has aired from Studio 8H, located on floors eight and nine of the Comcast Building (formerly the RCA Building and GE Building, now 30 Rockefeller Plaza or "30 Rock"). The studio had originally been used as a radio soundstage for Arturo Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra.[122] Michaels was dumbfounded when he originally inspected Studio 8H in 1975, and found it technically limited, outdated, in need of repair,[123] and lacking the capacity to host a live show. Michaels demanded that NBC executives rebuild the studio and improve the acoustics to accommodate the intended musical acts,[122] at a cost of approximately $300,000.[122] Three of the shows of the 1976–77 season were shot at the former NBC Studios in Brooklyn, due to NBC News using Studio 8H for presidential election coverage.[124]

During the summer 2005 shooting hiatus, crews began renovations on Studio 8H. With its thirty-first season premiere in October 2005, the show began broadcasting in high-definition television, appearing letterboxed on conventional television screens. The offices of SNL writers, producers, and other staff can be found on the 17th floor of "30 Rock".[125]

Creating an episode

Production on an SNL episode will normally start on a Monday with a free-form pitch meeting[126][127][128] between the cast, writers, producers, including Michaels and the guest host in Michaels's office over two hours. The host is invited to pitch ideas during this meeting. Although some sketch writing may occur on the day, the bulk of the work revolves around pitching ideas. Tuesday is the only day dedicated purely to writing the scripts,[127] a process that usually extends through the night into the following morning. Writing may not begin until 8:00 p.m. on Tuesday.[126] At 5:00 p.m. on Wednesday, the sketches are read by the cast during a round-table meeting in the writers room,[128] attended by the writers and producers present during the pitch meeting, technical experts such as make-up artists, who may be required to realize certain sketch ideas such as those using prosthetics, and other producers, resulting in an attendance of approximately fifty people. At this point, there may be at least forty sketch ideas that are read-through in turn, lasting upwards of three hours.[129]

After completion of the read-through, Michaels, the head writer, the guest host, and some of the show producers will move to Michaels' office to decide the layout of the show and decide which of the sketches will be developed for air. Once complete, the writers and cast are allowed into Michaels's office to view the show breakdown and learn whether or not their sketch has survived.[130] Sketches may be rewritten starting the same day,[127] but will certainly commence on Thursday. Work focuses on developing and rewriting the remaining sketches[126] and possibly rehearsals.[128] If a sketch is still scheduled beyond Thursday, it is rehearsed on Friday or Saturday[127] before moving to a rehearsal before a live audience at 8:00 p.m., again on Saturday, before the live show.[126][128] After the rehearsal, Michaels will review the show lineup to ensure it meets a 90-minute length, and sketches that have made it as far as the live rehearsal may be removed.[131] This often results in less than two days of rehearsal for the eight to twelve sketches that have made it to the stage that then may appear on the live broadcast.[126] The opening monologue, spoken by the guest host, is given low priority and can be written as late as Saturday afternoon.[132]

According to an interview with Tina Fey in 2004, the three- to four-member dedicated Weekend Update writing team will write jokes throughout the week. The host(s) of Weekend Update will normally not work with or read the scripts from the team until Thursday evening, after the main show sketches have been finalized. The host(s) will then work on contributing to the script where necessary.[133][134] As of late 2017, Weekend Update now has its own separate writing staff dedicated to writing news jokes.[citation needed]

Post-production

With onsite facilities housed on floors eight and seventeen of Rockefeller Plaza, post-production duties on live broadcasts of Saturday Night Live include the mixing of audio and video elements by the Senior Audio Mixer, coupled with additional audio feeds consisting of music, sound effects, music scoring, and pre-recorded voiceovers. All sources are stored digitally, with shows captured and segregated into individual elements to reorganize for future repeats and syndication. The production tracking system was migrated from primarily analog to digital in 1998, with live shows typically requiring 1.5 terabytes of storage, consisting of audio elements and five cameras' worth of visual elements.[135] Elements of Saturday Night Live that are pre-recorded, such as certain commercial parodies, SNL Digital Shorts, and show graphics are processed off-site in the post-production facilities of Broadway Video.[136][137]

Filming and photography

Studio 8H production facilities are maintained by NBC Production Services. As of 2018, the show uses five Sony HDC-1500 cameras, primarily mounted on Vinten pedestals, although one is mounted on a Chapman-Leonard Electra crane.[138][139][140]

As of 2014, a Grass Valley GVG 4000-3 digital component production switcher and GVG 7000 digital component routing switcher are used to route visual feeds to the control room, with multiple digital and analog video recorders used to store footage. Graphics are provided by a Chyron Lyric Pro character generator and an Avid Deko character generator. Audio facilities consist of a Calrec T Series digitally controlled analog mixing console, and a Yamaha digital mixing console used for tape playback support and utility audio work.[141] While exact budgets for other seasons are not known, the 39th season (2013–14) had a budget of over $70 million, for which it received a subsidy from New York State in the amount of $12.3 million.[142]

As of 2009, the opening title sequence and opening montage is shot using the Canon EOS 5D Mark II and Canon EOS 7D digital SLR cameras. Typical elements are recorded at thirty frames per second (fps), with slow-motion sequences shot at sixty fps, both in full 1080p high definition.[143]

Edie Baskin was the original SNL photographer. She was hired after Michaels saw her photographs of Las Vegas and other work. Baskin helped create the opening title sequence for the show by taking photos of New York City at night.[144] The first episode used publicity photos of host George Carlin as transitional bumpers between the show and commercial breaks, the second episode used photos Baskin had already taken of host Paul Simon. It was then that Michaels suggested that Baskin photograph the hosts for the bumpers instead of using publicity photos, beginning a tradition that continues today.[145]

Since 1999 Mary Ellen Matthews has been the official photographer of SNL, responsible for devising distinctive photo layouts and aesthetics for still imagery used on the show. Matthews creates photo portraits of the hosts and musical guests of each episode which are used as commercial bumpers. The limited time frame between the host's involvement in the production process and the Live show requires Matthews to create makeshift photo studios on-site at 30 Rock, with Matthews attempting to shoot the host on Tuesday and the musical guest on Thursday, although the availability of either can mean the photoshoot for both occurs as late as Thursday.[146] Matthews employs flattering portrait lighting with hard lights to achieve a Hollywood style. On the lighting, Matthews commented: "I think it just helps the image pop off the screen ... If you use soft or flat lighting, it becomes not as dimensional ... The [classic Hollywood lighting] gives a little more contrast, and if I use edge lights and then light the background, it goes farther and farther back. I try to achieve that depth as much as I can."[147] Matthews is also responsible for taking cast photos, behind-the-scenes images, documenting rehearsals, and promotional photos. As of 2010, she has also been involved in directing videos, including the show title sequence.[147]

Broadcast

See also: List of Saturday Night Live episodes
 
SNL's main stage, during rehearsal, 2008

The show begins at 11:29:30 p.m. Eastern Time, and is scheduled for a 93-minute timeslot ending at 1:02 a.m.[148]

For most of SNL's history, it aired live only to NBC stations in the Eastern and Central Time Zones, with all others receiving a recorded broadcast at the normal start time of late-night network programming (11:30 p.m. Pacific and 10:30 p.m. in other time zones). Since 2017, the show is broadcast live across the contiguous United States. Because the show airs outside of the safe harbor outside of Eastern and Central Time, a brief broadcast delay is installed to meet Federal Communications Commission regulations of primetime programming.[149]

Outside of the contiguous United States, the show also airs live on the three NBC stations in Alaska at 7:30 p.m. local. Two NBC stations still broadcast SNL on tape-delay: KHNL in Honolulu delays it one hour to 7:30 p.m.; and KUAM-TV in Guam, where the live broadcast occurs at 1:30 p.m. Sunday, delays it to 11:00 p.m.

Since the first opening in 1975 with Michael O'Donoghue, Chevy Chase, and John Belushi, the show has normally begun with a cold open sketch which ends with one or more cast members breaking character and proclaiming "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", followed by the opening credits.[8] From May 1985 to April 1991, SNL was occasionally preempted for Saturday Night's Main Event.

In February 2013 NBC began airing shortened hour-long repeats on select Saturday evenings at 10:00 p.m. Eastern Time during the regular season (these may be preempted due to the live airing happening in primetime on the west coast); the episodes scheduled were sometimes rebroadcasts of the previous week's episode if it was a first-run broadcast.[150] Since the 2014–15 season, the show's 40th anniversary, the prime time rebroadcasts have been a selection of episodes from throughout the show's run under the title SNL Vintage.

NBC and Broadway Video both hold the underlying rights to the show, while the copyright to every episode lies either with NBC or Universal Television. From 1990 until 2004, and again since 2015, Comedy Central and its predecessor Ha! aired reruns of the series, after which E! signed a deal to carry reruns.[151] Abbreviated thirty- and sixty-minute versions of the first five seasons aired as The Best of Saturday Night Live in syndication (from Orion Television; at the time, the FCC's fin-syn rules prevented NBC from directly distributing reruns of the show) beginning in the 1980s, and later on Nick at Nite in 1988. In September 2010, reruns of most episodes made from 1998 onward began airing on VH1.[152] Starting in February 2016, VH1 and Comedy Central's sister channel Logo began airing reruns of 2006-onward episodes on Sunday nights, launching its broadcast as counterprogramming for Super Bowl 50 and branding it the "Live From New York, It's Satur-Gay Night!" marathon.

On March 16, 2017, NBC announced it would air the final four episodes of the 42nd season live in all mainland U.S. time zones for the first time, creating a communal experience across the states. NBC executive Robert Greenblatt explained the show's significant viewership had made it part of the "national conversation", and thus they felt it would be appropriate for the entire country to be "in on the joke at the same time".[153] NBC announced on September 19, 2017, that all subsequent episodes would air live coast-to-coast in the U.S.[154], NBC announced that the May 8, 2021, episode hosted by Elon Musk would be livestreamed on YouTube worldwide for the first time.[155]

Delays

The episode scheduled for October 25, 1986, hosted by Rosanna Arquette, was not aired until November 8 due to NBC broadcasting game 6 of the 1986 World Series between the New York Mets and Boston Red Sox; the four-hour game entered extra innings (with the Mets overcoming a two-run deficit to win), causing that night's broadcast of SNL to be canceled. The show was recorded for the studio audience starting at 1:30 a.m. Eastern Time and broadcast two weeks later with a jocular "apology" by Mets pitcher Ron Darling.[156]

The episode scheduled for February 10, 2001, hosted by Jennifer Lopez, aired 45 minutes late due to an XFL game. Lopez and the cast were not told they were airing on a delay. Michaels was so upset by the delay the episode was rerun a mere three weeks later. The fledgling football league ended up changing their rules in order to speed up play, and a deal was reached where the feed to future games would be cut off (if the episode is airing Live) – whether the game had been decided or not – when SNL started, so that no such incident would happen again.[157]

The November 7, 2020, episode, hosted by Dave Chappelle (the first episode after 2020 presidential elections), began at 12:10 a.m. Eastern after a Clemson-Notre Dame college football game went into double overtime.[158]

International versions

Because SNL has been a huge success in the United States, channels in other countries have created their own versions of the show, including Germany, Egypt, Spain, South Korea, Japan, Russia, Canada, Finland, France, Italy, and Poland.[159][160]

In the mid-late 1980s Channel Four, in association with London Weekend Television, created a show for British audiences called Saturday Live and Friday Night Live, the repeat version was entitled "Saturday Almost Live". It was based on the SNL format but had no direct connection to the US program.

A German version of SNL named RTL Samstag Nacht aired between 1993 and 1998 on RTL Television. Most episodes were hosted by German celebrities, however, some shows were hosted by American personalities who never hosted the American version, including Mel Brooks and Michael Winslow. Due to language barriers, they appeared only in opening monologues and in a limited number of sketches.[161]

SNL in its original American version has aired in Israel since the early 2000s and is broadcast by satellite provider yes. There was a local SNL-based show named Am Israel Hai (People of Israel Live) back in 2002 but it was canceled after one season. Another SNL-esque Israeli show, Eretz Nehederet (A Wonderful Country), debuted in 2003 and continues to garner high ratings.

SNL also airs in the Middle East and North Africa, OSN First HD every Saturday night, one week after it airs in the U.S.[162]

In India and Sri Lanka, Saturday Night Live! airs an hour-long version on Comedy Central one week after the U.S. broadcast.[163]

Spain's version of the show was short-lived, lasting a few episodes which aired on Thursdays and not Saturdays as the title suggested. This version copied heavily from the American version, as they did their own versions of sketches already done on the original series.[159] Italy's Saturday Night Live From Milan aired for four seasons and used original material.[159][164]

On December 3, 2011, South Korea's SNL Korea premiered on cable channel tvN.[165][166][167][168] As of 11 November 2017, has completed nine seasons with 205 episodes. On September 4, 2021, it was rebooted and broadcast through Coupang Play, a South Korean OTT service. Only the broadcasting stations are different, but the members are similar or reinforced.

The Japanese version Saturday Night Live JPN, which ran for six months in 2011, was created in part with sponsor Coca-Cola and Lorne Michaels's production company, Broadway Video, and broadcast on Fuji TV networks. The show followed the same format with a few minor differences, being only 45 minutes long and hosted by a permanent host. The cast was made up of seasoned comedians who take center stage and newcomers who play the background roles. It was broadcast once a month, and ended after six episodes, as planned from the start.[169][170][171]

In 2013 the Russian channel NTV aired the SNL adaptation entitled Суббота. Вечер. Шоу (Saturday. Evening. Show) and produced by Endemol's Weit Media. Unlike other international versions, it was not broadcast live.[172] Due to low ratings and negative reviews, the third episode was pulled from the schedule.[173][174] The remaining six episodes eventually aired in January 2014, but without any announcements and under a different title: Сегодня. Вечер. Шоу (Today. Evening. Show). Reruns of the adaptation were aired at night on NTV throughout the first half of 2015.

In 2014 two ninety-minute specials were broadcast in French on Télé-Québec in the Canadian province of Quebec under the title SNL Québec; the specials were broadcast on February 8 and March 22, 2014. Hosted by Louis-José Houde and Stéphane Rousseau, it is the same format and length as the original SNL series.[175] Certain sketches from the original program, such as Debbie Downer and Schweddy Balls, were adapted into French, while other sketches were original material written directly for the Quebec series. On May 13, 2014, SNL Quebec was renewed for another eight episodes to be broadcast monthly over the 2014–15 season ending with a "Best of" compilation.[176] Télé-Québec announced in May 2015 the series would not be renewed due to funding cutbacks,[177] and Ici Radio-Canada Télé subsequently signed the show's production team and cast to produce a new series, Le nouveau show, for that network.[178]

The French channel M6 launched the pilot episode of its SNL adaptation, Le Saturday Night Live, in January 2017.

The Polish division of Showmax video-on-demand streaming service launched the first season of its SNL adaptation, SNL Polska on December 2, 2017. The show received mixed reviews[179][180][181], however improving by the end of the series[182]. Following the first series, a stand-alone "Weekend Update" was introduced in autumn 2018[183]. In December 2018 Showmax announced the closure of its Polish branch, effectively cancelling the show[184].

On December 10, 2021, Deadline reported that Sky One is currently working on the UK version of Saturday Night Live.[185]

Country Name Station Broadcast Language
  Brazil Saturday Night Live RedeTV! May 27, 2012 – October 20, 2012 Portuguese
  Canada SNL Québec Télé-Québec February 8, 2014 – March 21, 2015 French
  China 周六夜现场 Youku June 23, 2018 – September 8, 2018 Mandarin Chinese
  France Le Saturday Night Live M6 January 5, 2017 (single episode) French
  Germany RTL Samstag Nacht RTL Television November 6, 1993 – May 23, 1998 German
  Italy Saturday Night Live from Milano
Saturday Night Live 		Italia 1
TV8 		2006 – 2011
April 7, 2018 – May 12, 2018 		Italian
  Japan サタデーナイトライブ JPN
Saturday Night Live JPN 		Fuji TV October 27, 2012 – November 17, 2012 Japanese
  Poland SNL Polska Showmax December 2, 2017 – March 17, 2018 Polish
  Russia Суббота. Вечер. Шоу
Сегодня. Вечер. Шоу 		NTV September 13, 2013 – January 11, 2014 Russian
  South Korea SNL 코리아
Saturday Night Live Korea 		TVN December 3, 2011 – November 18, 2017 Korean
  South Korea SNL 코리아(리부트)
Saturday Night Live Korea(Reboot) 		Coupang Play September 4, 2021 - Present Korean
  Spain Saturday Night Live Cuatro February 5, 2009 – May 13, 2009 Spanish
  Finland Saturday Night Live Suomi MTV3 February 6, 2016 – April 23, 2016 Finnish
  Egypt ساترداي نايت لايف بالعربي
Saturday Night Live Arabic 		OSN February 20, 2016 – January 6, 2018 Arabic

U.S. television ratings

The show's ratings increased steadily for several years after its debut, reaching their highest point in the fifth season. Ratings entered into a period of decline after that, never again reaching those heights, but had rebounded enough by the early 1990s to make the 1992–93 season the fifth-highest rated in the show's history. Since then, ratings have trended steadily lower. As of 2018, thirteen of the show's lowest-rated seasons occurred in the 2000s. The show's ratings have often experienced temporary spikes during U.S. presidential election years.[186]

Season Episodes Start Date End Date Viewers (Mil.) Overall Rating[187] 18–49 Rating
1975–76 24 October 11, 1975 July 31, 1976 N/A 6.4 N/A
1976–77 22 September 18, 1976 May 21, 1977 7.9
1977–78 20 September 24, 1977 May 20, 1978 9.8
1978–79 October 7, 1978 May 26, 1979 13.1
1979–80 October 13, 1979 May 24, 1980 13.5
1980–81 13 November 15, 1980 April 11, 1981 9.5
1981–82 20 October 3, 1981 May 22, 1982 8.0
1982–83 September 25, 1982 May 14, 1983 7.4
1983–84 19 October 8, 1983 May 12, 1984
1984–85 17 October 6, 1984 April 13, 1985 7.5
1985–86 18 November 9, 1985 May 24, 1986 7.1
1986–87 20 October 11, 1986 May 23, 1987 7.6
1987–88 13 October 17, 1987 February 27, 1988 11.77 8.4 6.4
1988–89 20 October 8, 1988 May 20, 1989 10.73 7.9 5.5
1989–90 September 30, 1989 May 19, 1990 11.09 8.1 5.8
1990–91 September 29, 1990 May 18, 1991 10.55 7.5 5.7
1991–92 September 28, 1991 May 16, 1992 12.37 8.8 6.8
1992–93 September 26, 1992 May 15, 1993 12.67 9.2 7.1
1993–94 September 25, 1993 May 14, 1994 11.32 8.2 6.3
1994–95 September 24, 1994 May 13, 1995 9.87 7.2 5.4
1995–96 September 30, 1995 May 18, 1996 7.40 5.6 3.8
1996–97 September 28, 1996 May 17, 1997 9.08 6.7 4.8
1997–98 September 27, 1997 May 9, 1998 9.18 6.6 5.0
1998–99 19 September 26, 1998 May 15, 1999 8.44 6.1 4.5
1999–00 20 October 2, 1999 May 20, 2000 8.32 6.0 4.4
2000–01 October 7, 2000 May 19, 2001 8.88 6.2 4.6
2001–02 September 29, 2001 May 18, 2002 8.78 5.8 4.4
2002–03 October 5, 2002 May 17, 2003 8.34 5.5 4.1
2003–04 October 4, 2003 May 15, 2004 8.09 3.8
2004–05 October 2, 2004 May 21, 2005 7.47 5.1 3.6
2005–06 19 October 1, 2005 May 20, 2006 6.96 4.7 3.2
2006–07 20 September 30, 2006 May 19, 2007 6.90 4.6 3.0
2007–08 12 September 29, 2007 May 17, 2008 6.87 4.5
2008–09 22 September 13, 2008 May 16, 2009 9.17 5.8 3.9
2009–10 September 26, 2009 May 15, 2010 8.41 5.2 3.5
2010–11 September 25, 2010 May 21, 2011 8.46 3.4
2011–12 September 24, 2011 May 19, 2012 8.38 5.4 3.3
2012–13 21 September 15, 2012 May 18, 2013 8.31 3.4
2013–14 September 28, 2013 May 17, 2014 8.37 5.2 3.3
2014–15 September 27, 2014 May 16, 2015 7.42 4.6 2.7
2015–16 October 3, 2015 May 21, 2016 8.70 4.9 2.9
2016–17 October 1, 2016 May 20, 2017 11.00 5.6 3.5
2017–18 September 29, 2017 May 19, 2018 7.55 N/A N/A
2018–19 September 29, 2018 May 18, 2019 N/A N/A N/A
2019–20 18 September 28, 2019 May 9, 2020 N/A N/A 1.5
2020–21 20 October 3, 2020 May 22, 2021 9.00 N/A 2.1

Reception

In 2002 SNL was ranked tenth on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time,[188] while in 2007 it was honored with inclusion on Time magazine's list of "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME".[189][190]

In June 2013 the show was placed at number 25 on the list of the 101 best written shows of all time by the Writers Guild of America, assessing series from the previous seventy years.[191] In December 2013, TV Guide ranked it #18 on their list of the 60 Greatest Shows of All Time.[192] A 2015 The Hollywood Reporter survey of 2,800 actors, producers, directors, and other industry people named SNL as their #7 favorite show.[193] It is currently[as of?] the 40th longest running television show in the U.S.[citation needed]

In 2016 a New York Times study of the fifty television shows with the most Facebook likes found that SNL "is very much an urban show. It is most popular in cities throughout the country, and college towns. Amherst, Mass.; Madison, Wis.; and Ithaca, N.Y. are all among the top 10."[194]

Some critics have cautioning that the show is too dependent upon visiting guest actors and former SNL cast members – particularly for its impersonations of prominent politicians in the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election races – and is beginning to have difficulty producing relevant, truly funny content.[195][196][197][198][199]

Accolades

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Saturday Night Live
 
Lorne Michaels and the cast of Saturday Night Live at the 68th Annual Peabody Awards for Political Satire 2008

Saturday Night Live has won numerous awards since its debut, including 87 Primetime Emmy Awards,[200] six Writers Guild of America Awards,[201] and three Peabody Awards.[202] In 2009 it received a total of thirteen Emmy nominations for a lifetime total of 126, breaking the record for the most award-nominated show in Primetime Emmy Award history, previously set with 124 by hospital drama ER.[203][204] As of September 2022, it has received a record total of 305 Primetime Emmy Award nominations.[205]

Twenty-five cast members have received individual Primetime Emmy Award nominations in the show's history. These nominations were mostly in the category of Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program before that award was discontinued; since then, nominations have been in the Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress categories for comedy series. Of the 54 total nominations for these twenty-five performers, four have won: Chevy Chase (1976), Gilda Radner (1978), Dana Carvey (1993), and Kate McKinnon (2016, 2017). In addition, Alec Baldwin received two Emmy nominations, winning once in 2017, for his recurring guest role as Donald Trump.[206]

Electoral effect

SNL has also affected American elections, most commonly presidential elections. Voters have reported that political sketches shown on the program influenced them in the voting booth. The so-called SNL Effect was observed during the 2008 presidential campaign, according to Mike Dabadie. Two-thirds of voters who responded to a poll said they had seen a broadcast of politically charged content on SNL, with ten percent saying it had made a difference in their decision. Barack Obama was the beneficiary of the political content, with 59 percent saying they did in fact cast a vote for the Democratic then-nominee.[207] Chevy Chase's bumbling impression of then-president Gerald Ford during the 1976 presidential election was cited as an influence on the election, and a quote commonly attributed to 2008 vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin stating "I can see Russia from my house" was actually spoken by SNL cast member Tina Fey while portraying Palin.[208] The political content was abandoned briefly following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack in New York, with Amy Poehler saying the writers did not want to produce politicized material.[209]

Several politicians have appeared on SNL, including President Gerald Ford (in 1976, during the show's first season), then-Senator Barack Obama (2007), Senator John McCain (2002 and 2008), Secretary Hillary Clinton (2008 and 2015), and Governor Sarah Palin (2008), who appeared alongside Fey's Palin impression, resulting in the show's largest audience in fourteen years with fourteen million viewers.[210][209] Senator Obama's appearance occurred in part because Hillary Clinton abandoned her scheduled appearance.[209] Donald Trump hosted the show in 2015,[211] which was met with controversy from a Latino PAC.[212]

Controversies

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live incidents
 
Sinéad O'Connor tears apart a picture of Pope John Paul II during a live SNL performance

Due to the show's live broadcast, a vast number of technical problems, performer mishaps, intentional acts of sabotage by performers, protests, and cuts to dead air have occurred throughout the show's run. One incident that garnered widespread media coverage was the October 3, 1992, appearance by singer Sinéad O'Connor, in which she ripped up a photo of Pope John Paul II during her performance.[213][214] On April 13, 1996, the alternative metal band Rage Against the Machine made a statement about the host, billionaire and presidential candidate Steve Forbes, by hanging two upside-down American flags from their amplifiers. On October 23, 2004, Ashlee Simpson appeared as a musical guest, during which a mishap occurred as a result of her lip synching her second song to a backup vocal track. Her first performance, "Pieces of Me", was performed without incident, but when she began her second song, "Autobiography", the vocals for "Pieces of Me" were heard again through the speakers, even before she had raised the microphone to her mouth. Simpson began to do an impromptu jig and then became the only musical act in the show's history to leave the stage. At the goodnights at the close of the show, Simpson explained that her band played the wrong song.[215]

Representations of minorities

Over the years, SNL has been criticized for its perceived stereotypical and sparse representation of racial and gender groups. A 2016 study of SNL episodes from 1975 to 2016 (826 total) revealed over 90% of episodes had white hosts, while 6.8% were black, 1.2% were Hispanic, and 1.1% were of another racial minority.[216] Chris Rock indicated he grew frustrated with being limited to sketches where he played stereotypical roles such as a rapper or Black political activist, and left the show to perform on In Living Color, which featured a mostly Black cast and would offer Rock more creative freedom.[217] When longtime cast member Kenan Thompson suggested in 2013 that female African-American representation was low because producers were not finding such comediennes who were "ready", media outlets countered it was SNL that was not ready, and the racial disparity "is symptomatic of problems deeply rooted in comedy and the entertainment industry at large".[218][219][220]

The same year, Thompson refused to play any more black women on the show and demanded SNL hire black women instead.[221][222]

SNL has had "little representation from Asian actors, as cast members or hosts", in its run.[223][224] Until Bowen Yang's promotion from writer to on-air performer, there had been only three people of Asian descent in the cast: Fred Armisen (2002–2013) had a Korean grandfather; Rob Schneider (1988–1994) had a Filipina grandmother; and Nasim Pedrad (2009–2014) was born in Tehran, Iran.[224][225] In the first forty-seven seasons, the show had seven hosts who were of Asian descent: Jackie Chan and Lucy Liu in 2000; Aziz Ansari and Kumail Nanjiani in 2017; Awkwafina in 2018; Sandra Oh in 2019; and Simu Liu in 2021.[216][223][224][226]

Denny Dillon was the first gay cast member in the 1980–81 season, but was in the closet at the time. Terry Sweeney was SNL's first openly gay male cast member, appearing in the 1985–1986 season, although he was not hired by Lorne Michaels. Sweeney was also the first openly gay series regular on network television.[227][228] John Milhiser was second, in the 2013–2014 cast.[229] Danitra Vance was also in the 1985–1986 cast but was in the closet throughout her life. All four cast members left after one season. Before she was cast in 2012, Kate McKinnon had been openly gay, and was a cast member for the full run of Logo's The Big Gay Sketch Show.[230] and remained an SNL cast member until 2022. Molly Kearney became the first openly non-binary cast member in 2022.[231]

Melissa Villaseñor joined as a featured player on the October 1, 2016, episode of SNL, alongside Mikey Day and Alex Moffat.[232] Villaseñor is the second Latina cast member after Noël Wells, who is a quarter Mexican,[233] and the first Latina to be promoted to repertory status.[234]

Bowen Yang is the sixth LGBTQ cast member in SNL history. Numerous news outlets noted the disconnect of Michaels hiring Yang, an out gay Chinese-American cast member, at the same time as Shane Gillis, who was found to have aired what was perceived as homophobic and anti-Asian jokes and slurs on his podcast.[235][236] Gillis issued what Vox and HuffPost characterized as a non-apology apology.[237][238] Within days, a spokesperson for Michaels announced Gillis was fired due to the controversy.[236]

Jake Weisman, co-star of Comedy Central's Corporate, says the absence of gay men in the cast is rooted in homophobia and bigotry. In March 2018 NewNowNext noted: "Even if the audience and writers have changed with the times – and even that's debatable – Lorne Michaels hasn't."[239]

In other media

Home media

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live home video releases

Universal Studios Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Entertainment hold video rights to the series. Universal has issued complete season DVD sets of the first few seasons, while Lionsgate's share of the rights is a result of prior contracts with NBC struck before the NBC Universal merger. A majority of Lionsgate's SNL DVDs are "Best Of ..." compilations.[citation needed]

Books

Saturday Night Live, the first authorized book about the series, was published by Avon Books in 1977 and edited by Anne Beatts and John Head, with photography by Edie Baskin;[240] all three worked for SNL at the time the book was published. The oversized illustrated paperback included the scripts for several sketches by the 1975–80 cast.[241] In 1986 Doug Hill and Jeff Weingrad authored Saturday Night: A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live, a behind-the-scenes look at the first ten seasons.[242] Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years, by Michael Cader, was released in 1994 and presented information about the cast, characters, and other memorable moments seen on the show from 1975 to 1994.[243][244]

Live From New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live, as Told By Its Stars, Writers and Guests was released in 2002.[245] The book, written by Tom Shales and James Andrew Miller, consists of interviews with people who have worked on the show. The interviews reveal personal experiences from what happened backstage and the difficulty of getting the show on air each week.[246] In 2004 former cast member Jay Mohr released his memoir Gasping for Airtime: Two Years in the Trenches of Saturday Night Live[247] about his struggles during his two seasons on the show between 1993 and 1995, dealing with getting sketches on-air and the intense work schedule. Former cast member Bobby Moynihan described the book as "a handbook on what NOT to do at SNL".[248]

Films

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live feature films

SNL has made several efforts to develop some of the more popular sketches into feature-length films, with varying degrees of commercial and critical success. The first foray into film came with the successful Aykroyd and Belushi vehicle, The Blues Brothers (1980), which earned over $115 million on a $27 million budget.[249]

In 1990 Michaels oversaw the writing of a sketch anthology feature film titled The Saturday Night Live Movie with many of the show's then-current writing staff, including Al Franken, Tom Davis, Greg Daniels, Jim Downey, Conan O'Brien, Robert Smigel, and George Meyer, contributing. The screenplay only got as far as a Revised First Draft dated July 26, 1990, before being abandoned.[250]

The success of Wayne's World (1992) encouraged Michaels to produce more film spin-offs, based on several popular sketch characters. Michaels revived 1970s characters for Coneheads (1993), followed by It's Pat (1994); Stuart Saves His Family (1995); A Night at the Roxbury (1998), Superstar (1999), and The Ladies Man (2000). Some did moderately well, though others did not – notably, It's Pat, which did so badly at the box office the studio that made the film, Touchstone Pictures (owned by The Walt Disney Company, which also owns NBC's rival ABC), pulled it only one week after releasing it,[251] and Stuart Saves His Family, which lost $14 million. Many of these films were produced by Paramount Pictures. The films based on The Blues Brothers were produced by Universal Studios, which merged with NBC in 2004 to form NBC Universal (Universal also has a joint venture with Paramount for international distribution of the two studios' films).

Film Release date
(United States) 		Budget
(estimated) 		Box office revenue
United States Elsewhere Worldwide
The Blues Brothers June 20, 1980 $27 million $57,229,890 $58,000,000 $115,229,890
Wayne's World February 14, 1992 $20 million $121,697,323 $61,400,000 $183,097,323
Coneheads July 23, 1993 $33 million $21,274,717 — $21,274,717
Wayne's World 2 December 10, 1993 $40 million $48,197,805 — $48,197,805
It's Pat August 26, 1994 $8 million[252] $60,822 — $60,822
Stuart Saves His Family April 14, 1995 $15 million $912,082 $912,082
Blues Brothers 2000 February 6, 1998 $28 million $14,051,384 — $14,051,384
A Night at the Roxbury October 2, 1998 $17 million $30,331,165 — $30,331,165
Superstar October 8, 1999 $14 million $30,636,478 — $30,636,478
The Ladies Man October 13, 2000 $24 million $13,616,610 $126,602 $13,743,212
MacGruber May 21, 2010 $10 million $8,525,600 $797,295 $9,259,314

The character Bob Roberts from the Tim Robbins film of the same name (1992) first appeared on SNL in a short film about the conservative folk singer.

In addition, the 1999 comedy film Office Space originated from a series of animated short films by Mike Judge that aired on SNL in 1993.[253]

The fictitious American folk music trio The Folksmen first appeared on SNL, performing the song "Old Joe's Place" before later appearing in the film A Mighty Wind (2002). The three members of the Folksmen were the same three comedians: Harry Shearer, Michael McKean, and Christopher Guest, who also appeared on the same episode as the rock group Spinal Tap. At the time of the appearance (the 1984–85 season), Shearer and Guest were cast members.

Mr. Bill's Real Life Adventures is based on the Mr. Bill sketches from early seasons of SNL.[254][255]

Commercials

Over the years popular characters from the show have appeared in ad campaigns for an assortment of products.

Sketch Referenced Product Returning Actors Release Date Additional Notes
Bill Swerski's Superfans State Farm Robert Smigel, George Wendt 09/2013[256]
Coneheads State Farm Dan Aykroyd, Jane Curtin 05/2015[257] Two separate Coneheads commercials in this campaign
Coneheads Subway N/A 1993
I Wish It Was Christmas Today Acura N/A 11/2014[258] Cover by Julian Casablancas
Land Shark BMW N/A 2003
MacGruber Pepsi Will Forte, Kristen Wiig 02/1/2009[259] Premiered during Super Bowl XLIII, three commercials total
Mango T by Alexander Wang Chris Kattan 06/2014[260]
Mr. Bill Subway Walter Williams
Mr. Bill MasterCard Walter Williams 06/2008[261]
Mr. Bill Ramada Inn Walter Williams 2001[262]
Mr. Bill Anti-Drug PSA Walter Williams 1980's
Mr. Bill Burger King Walter Williams 1985
Mr. Bill America's Wetland campaign Walter Williams 2004-2005[263] Ads pulled over Mr. Williams' concern Shell Oil Co. exploited them for positive PR[264]
Pumping Up with Hans & Franz State Farm Dana Carvey, Kevin Nealon 09/04/2014[265]
The Richmeister State Farm Rob Schneider 09/2014[266] Commercial pulled in response to Mr. Schneider's statements on vaccines[267]
The Roxbury Guys Diet Pepsi Max Chris Kattan 02/3/2008 Premiered during Super Bowl XLII
Wayne's World Uber Eats Dana Carvey, Mike Myers 02/2021[268] Campaign debuted in lead-up to Super Bowl LV and ran again during the big game

Music

In 2005 the comedy troupe The Lonely Island, consisting of SNL members Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer, and Jorma Taccone, gained national exposure after joining the show and debuting their comedic music video "Lazy Sunday", written with fellow cast member Chris Parnell. The song became a surprise hit,[269] and convinced Michaels to encourage the troupe to develop more comedy songs. Further successes with songs including "Like a Boss", "Jizz in My Pants", "I'm on a Boat", "We Like Sportz", "Boombox", and "Dick in a Box" – which won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics in 2007[270] – saw The Lonely Island go on to release two albums, Incredibad (2009)[271] and Turtleneck & Chain (2011), containing SNL-developed songs and original works. The albums were released by Universal Republic Records who were provided with a license to the SNL songs by NBC and Broadway Video.

A cast album was released in 1976 on the Arista label including the song "Chevy's Girls" and comedy bits from the show (Weekend Update, "Emily Litella", "Gun Control");[272] it was later re-issued on CD and MP3 download.

Other

Several programs have documented the behind-the-scenes events of the show. A 60 Minutes report taped in October 2004 depicted the intense writing frenzy that goes on during the week leading up to a show, with crowded meetings and long hours. The report particularly noted the involvement of the guest host(s) in developing and selecting the sketches in which they will appear. Similarly, there has been an A&E episode of Biography which covered the production process, as well as an episode of TV Tales in 2002 on E!. In 2010, Saturday Night, a 94-minute documentary by actor James Franco in his directorial debut, was released; it follows the production process of the December 6, 2008, episode hosted by John Malkovich, from the concept stage to the episode actually airing live. Although it originated as a five-minute short film for Franco's New York University film class, Michaels granted Franco access to the process, allowing the project to be expanded.[128] On February 15, 2015, NBC aired a 3+1⁄2-hour special on Saturday Night Live's 40th anniversary. The program included a mix of clips, new performances of classic characters from previous cast members, and special guest appearances from previous hosts.[273]

In September 2011 ice cream company Ben & Jerry's released a limited-edition ice cream called "Schweddy Balls", inspired by a 1998 sketch of the same name starring Alec Baldwin, Ana Gasteyer, and Molly Shannon.[274][275] According to the company, the ice cream became their fastest-selling limited-edition flavor.[276][failed verification] The ice cream was also subject to criticism and boycotts by One Million Moms, a project of the American Family Association, over the "vulgar" name.[274][277] Some retail chains chose not to sell the flavor, but declined to say if the decision was at their own discretion or based on the One Million Moms boycotts.[277][278] In June 2014 two new flavors inspired by SNL sketches were introduced: Lazy Sunday, based on a sketch of the same name featuring Andy Samberg and Chris Parnell, and Gilly's Catastrophic Crunch based on the recurring Gilly sketches featuring Kristen Wiig.[279] Two Wild and Crazy Pies, based on the catchphrase of the recurring Festrunk Brothers, was introduced in September 2014,[280] followed by Wayne'Swirled, which was inspired by the eponymous Wayne's World in February 2015.[281]

See also

References

Notes

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Further reading

  • Davis, Tom (2009). Thirty-Nine Years of Short-Term Memory Loss: The Early Days of SNL from Someone Who Was There. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-1880-6.
  • Streeter, Michael (2005). Nothing Lost Forever: The Films of Tom Schiller. New York: BearManor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-032-5.
  • Whalley, Jim (2010). Saturday Night Live, Hollywood Comedy, and American Culture: From Chevy Chase to Tina Fey. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230107946. ISBN 978-0-230-10794-6.
  • "Ex-SNL Star Darrell Hammond on His Shocking Drug Past: "I Had the Brilliant Idea I Should Try Crack". E! News. October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
  • Goldberg, Lesley; Abramovitch, Seth (January 7, 2014). "'Saturday Night Live' Adds First African-American Female in Five Years". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  • Andreeva, Nellie (January 6, 2013). "Sasheer Zamata Joins Saturday Night Live As New Cast Member". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
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External links

March 13, 2023
saturday, night, live, current, season, season, other, uses, disambiguation, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, often, abbreviated, american, late, night, live, television, sketch, comedy, political, satire, variety, show, created, lorne, michaels, . For the current season see Saturday Night Live season 48 For other uses see Saturday Night Live disambiguation SNL redirects here For other uses see SNL disambiguation Saturday Night Live often abbreviated to SNL is an American late night live television sketch comedy political satire and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol that airs on NBC and Peacock Michaels currently serves as the program s showrunner The show premiere was hosted by George Carlin on NBC on October 11 1975 under the original title NBC s Saturday Night The show s comedy sketches which often parody contemporary culture and politics are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast with featured performances by a musical guest An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming Live from New York it s Saturday Night properly beginning the show Saturday Night LiveLogo used since October 1 2022Also known asNBC s Saturday Night 1975 1977 Saturday Night Live 80 1980 GenreStand up comedy Satire Political satire Variety show Sketch comedyCreated byLorne MichaelsWritten byList of Saturday Night Live writersDirected byDave Wilson 1975 1986 1989 1995 1 Paul Miller 1986 1989 1 Beth McCarthy Miller 1995 2006 1 Don Roy King 2006 2021 1 Liz Patrick 2021 present 1 StarringList of Saturday Night Live cast membersNarrated byDon PardoMel BrandtBill HanrahanDarrell HammondCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo of seasons48No of episodes945 list of episodes ProductionExecutive producersLorne Michaels 1975 1980 1985 present Jean Doumanian 1980 1981 Dick Ebersol 1981 1985 Production locationsStudio 8H NBC Studios New York CityRunning time93 minutes with commercials Production companyBroadway Video 1981 present Other studios NBC 1975 1982 NBC Productions 1982 1996 NBC Studios 1996 1999 SNL Studios 1999 present DistributorNBCUniversal Television and StreamingReleaseOriginal networkNBCPeacockPicture formatNTSC 1975 2005 HDTV 1080i 2005 present Audio formatMono 1975 1985 Stereo 1985 1989 Stereo Surround 1989 1994 Dolby Surround 1994 1997 Dolby Digital 1997 present Original releaseOctober 11 1975 1975 10 11 present present ChronologyRelatedTV Funhouse Saturday Night Live Weekend Update ThursdayIn 1980 Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities He was replaced by Jean Doumanian who was then replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews Ebersol ran the show until 1985 when Michaels returned Since then Michaels has held the job of showrunner Many SNL cast members have found national stardom while appearing on the show and achieved success in film and television both in front of and behind the camera Others associated with the show such as writers have gone on to successful careers creating writing and starring in television and film Broadcast from Studio 8H at NBC s headquarters in the Comcast Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza SNL has aired 945 episodes since its debut and began its 48th season on October 1 2022 making it one of the longest running network television programs in the United States The show format has been developed and recreated in several countries meeting with different levels of success Successful sketches have seen life outside the show as feature films including The Blues Brothers 1980 and Wayne s World 1992 The show has been marketed in other ways including home media releases of best of and whole seasons and books and documentaries about behind the scenes activities of running and developing the show Throughout four decades on air Saturday Night Live has received a vast number of awards including 93 Primetime Emmy Awards six Writers Guild of America Awards and three Peabody Awards In 2000 it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame It was ranked tenth in TV Guide s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time s 100 Best TV Shows of All TIME As of 2022 the show had received over 305 Primetime Emmy Award nominations the most received by any television program 2 The live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests Contents 1 Development 2 Cast and crew 2 1 Cast 2 2 Writers 2 3 Announcers 2 4 Hosts and musical guests 2 5 The Band 3 Production 3 1 The studio 3 2 Creating an episode 3 3 Post production 3 4 Filming and photography 4 Broadcast 4 1 Delays 5 International versions 6 U S television ratings 7 Reception 7 1 Accolades 7 2 Electoral effect 8 Controversies 8 1 Representations of minorities 9 In other media 9 1 Home media 9 2 Books 9 3 Films 9 4 Commercials 9 5 Music 9 6 Other 10 See also 11 References 11 1 Notes 11 2 Bibliography 12 Further reading 13 External linksDevelopment EditFrom 1965 until 1975 NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show airing them on either Saturday or Sunday night at local affiliates discretion originally known as The Saturday Sunday Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson In 1974 Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so they could be aired during weeknights allowing him to take time off 3 In 1974 NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming Dick Ebersol and asked him to create a show to fill the Saturday night time slot 4 At the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels 5 Over the next three weeks Ebersol and Michaels developed the latter s idea for a variety show featuring high concept comedy sketches political satire and music performances that would attract 18 to 34 year old viewers 6 7 By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast including Dan Aykroyd John Belushi Chevy Chase Jane Curtin Garrett Morris Laraine Newman Michael O Donoghue Gilda Radner 6 and George Coe 8 The show was originally called NBC s Saturday Night because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC 9 After the cancellation of the Cosell show NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title as of the 17th episode of the second season the episode hosted by Jack Burns on March 26 1977 10 However the name change was not finalized until the premiere episode of the show s third season The show was originally conceived with three rotating permanent hosts Lily Tomlin Richard Pryor and George Carlin According to Ebersol consideration was given to Steve Martin and singer Linda Ronstadt also being included as a duo 11 When Pryor dropped out because his brand of comedy was not censor friendly the concept was dropped 12 History of Saturday Night Live series 1975 1980 seasons 1 2 3 4 5 1980 1985 seasons 6 7 8 9 10 1985 1990 seasons 11 12 13 14 15 1990 1995 seasons 16 17 18 19 20 1995 2000 seasons 21 22 23 24 25 2000 2005 seasons 26 27 28 29 30 2005 2010 seasons 31 32 33 34 35 2010 2015 seasons 36 37 38 39 40 2015 2020 seasons 41 42 43 44 45 2020 present seasons 46 47 48 Weekend UpdateDebuting on October 11 1975 7 the show quickly developed a cult following 13 eventually becoming a mainstream hit and spawning in 1978 Best of Saturday Night Live compilations that reached viewers who could not stay awake for the live broadcasts But during the first season in 1975 and 1976 some NBC executives were not satisfied with the show s Nielsen ratings and shares 14 Lorne Michaels pointed out to them that Nielsen s measurement of demographics indicated that baby boomers constituted a large majority of the viewers who did commit to watching the show and many of them watched little else on television 15 In 1975 and 1976 they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers even though Generation X was the right age for commercials for toys and other children s products Baby boomers far outnumbered Generation X in reality but not in television viewership with the exception of Michaels s new show and major league sports and advertisers had long been concerned about baby boomers distaste for the powerful medium NBC executives eventually understood Michaels s explanation of the desirable demographics and they decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches 16 They included a Weekend Update segment on April 24 1976 the 18th episode that ridiculed Aspen Colorado murder suspect Claudine Longet and warranted an on air apology by announcer Don Pardo during the following episode 17 Herminio Traviesas a censor who was vice president of the network s Standards and Practices department objected to cast member Laraine Newman s use of the term pissed off in the March 13 1976 episode with host Anthony Perkins he was in the process of placing the show on a permanent delay of several seconds instead of live but he changed his mind after Newman personally apologized to him 18 In December 1977 British singer songwriter Elvis Costello appeared last minute on the show after The Sex Pistols cancelled within seconds of starting to play the agreed song Less than Zero Costello stopped his band and launched into Radio Radio which is about what s wrong with corporate controlled broadcasting 19 20 Off camera an enraged Lorne Michaels reportedly gave Costello the middle finger through the entire duration of the song 20 The stunt got Costello banned from SNL for twelve years 20 Chevy Chase left the show in November of the second season and was replaced a few months later by the then unknown comic actor Bill Murray Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four In May 1980 after season five Michaels emotionally and physically exhausted requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects 21 Concerned the show would be canceled without him Michaels suggested writers Al Franken Tom Davis and Jim Downey as his replacements NBC president Fred Silverman disliked Franken and was infuriated by Franken s Weekend Update routine on May 10 1980 called A Limo for a Lame O a scathing critique of Silverman s job performance at the network and his insistence on traveling by limousine at the network s expense Silverman blamed Michaels for approving this Weekend Update segment 22 Unable to get the deal he wanted Michaels chose to leave NBC for Paramount Pictures intending to take his associate producer Jean Doumanian with him Michaels later learned that Doumanian had been given his position at SNL after being recommended by her friend NBC vice president Barbara Gallagher 23 Michaels s departure led to most of the cast and writing staff leaving the show 24 The reputation of the show as a springboard to fame meant that many aspiring stars were eager to join the new series Jean Doumanian was tasked with hiring a full cast and writing staff in less than three months and NBC immediately cut the show s budget from the previous 1 million per episode down to just 350 000 Doumanian faced resentment and sabotage from the remaining Michaels staff 25 The 1980 season was a disaster ratings plummeted and audiences failed to connect to the original cast s replacements such as Charles Rocket and Ann Risley 24 Doumanian s fate was sealed when during a sketch Rocket said fuck on live television 26 After only ten months Doumanian was dismissed 27 28 Although executives suggested SNL be left to die Brandon Tartikoff who succeeded Silverman as network chief in mid 1981 wanted to keep the show on the air believing the concept was more important to the network than money Tartikoff turned to Ebersol as his choice for the new producer Ebersol previously had been fired by Silverman Ebersol gained Michaels s approval in an attempt to avoid the same staff sabotage that had blighted Doumanian s tenure 29 Ebersol s tenure saw commercial success but was considered lackluster compared to the Michaels era except for the breakout of new cast member Eddie Murphy during the 1980 81 sixth season 30 Murphy the main draw of the cast left in 1984 to pursue his already successful film career and Ebersol decided to again rebuild the cast He broke with history by hiring established comedians such as Billy Crystal and Martin Short who could bring their already successful material to the show 29 Ebersol s final year with this new cast is considered one of the series funniest but had strayed far from the precedent shattering show Michaels had created 31 After that season Ebersol wanted a more significant revamp including departing from the show s established live format citation needed Following unsuccessful forays into film and television in need of money and eager not to see Tartikoff cancel the show 32 Michaels finally returned in 1985 after Ebersol opted out The show was again recast with Michaels borrowing Ebersol s idea to seek out established actors such as Joan Cusack and Robert Downey Jr 33 The cast and writers struggled creatively and in April 1986 Tartikoff made the decision to cancel the show until he was convinced by producer Bernie Brillstein to give it one more year 34 The show was renewed but for the first time in its history for only thirteen episodes instead of the usual twenty two 35 Michaels again fired most of the cast and learning his lesson from the previous seasons sought out unknown talent such as Dana Carvey and Phil Hartman instead of known names 35 The show ran successfully again until it lost Carvey and Hartman two of its biggest stars between 1992 and 1994 Wanting to increase SNL s ratings and profitability then NBC West Coast president Don Ohlmeyer and other executives began to actively interfere in the show recommending that new stars such as Chris Farley and Adam Sandler be fired because Ohlmeyer did not get them and critiquing the costly nature of performing the show live The show faced increasing criticism from the press and cast in part encouraged by the NBC executives hoping to weaken Michaels s position 36 Michaels received a lucrative offer to develop a Saturday night project for CBS during this time but remained loyal to SNL 37 1995 saw the biggest upheaval in the cast in nearly a decade Popular cast member Mike Myers left after five years and Farley and Sandler among others were fired A mostly new cast featuring Will Ferrell Cheri Oteri and Darrell Hammond was hired for the new season 38 The show focused on performers and writers were forced to supply material for the cast s existing characters before they could write original sketches 39 By 1997 Ohlmeyer renewed his focus on limiting Michaels s independence forcing the removal of writer Jim Downey and cast member Norm Macdonald 40 In December 2021 Lorne Michaels speculated that season 50 of SNL may be his last while Kenan Thompson speculated in August 2022 that Saturday Night Live may come to an end altogether after its 50th season in 2025 Michaels said in an interview on CBS Mornings that he is committed to doing the show until its 50th anniversary I d like to see that through and I have a feeling that would be a really good time to leave Thompson has stated that it would make sense financially for NBC to end the show after Michaels retirement In an interview with Charlamagne tha God Thompson said NBC might slash the budget and then at that point you can t really do the same kind of show So that s unfair to watch it just really go down kind of in flames for real because of those restrictions Capping it at 50 might not be a bad idea Despite these speculations no official announcement has been made regarding the future of SNL 41 42 Cast and crew EditCast Edit Main article List of Saturday Night Live cast members The original 1975 cast from left to right Laraine Newman John Belushi Jane Curtin Gilda Radner Dan Aykroyd Garrett Morris and Chevy Chase The original 1975 cast of SNL titled The Not Ready For Prime Time Players 43 44 a term coined by writer Herb Sargent 45 included Laraine Newman John Belushi Jane Curtin Gilda Radner Dan Aykroyd Garrett Morris and Chevy Chase Radner was the first person hired after Michaels himself Although Chase became a performer he was hired on a one year writer contract and refused to sign the performer contract that was repeatedly given to him allowing him to leave the show after the first season in 1976 46 Newman was brought aboard after having a prior working relationship with Michaels 47 Morris was initially brought in as a writer but attempts to have him fired by another writer led Michaels to have Morris audition for the cast where he turned in a successful performance 48 Curtin and Belushi were the last two cast members hired 47 Belushi had a disdain for television and had repeatedly turned down offers to appear on other shows but decided to work with the show because of the involvement of Radner and writers Anne Beatts and Michael O Donoghue 49 Michaels was still reluctant to hire Belushi believing he would be a source of trouble for the show but Beatts O Donoghue and Ebersol successfully argued for his inclusion 49 After Chase left the show he was replaced by Bill Murray whom Michaels had intended to hire for the first season cast but was unable to because of budget restrictions 50 When Chase returned to host in 1978 he found the remaining cast resentful at his departure and his success particularly Belushi Murray goaded by the rest of the cast and Chase came to blows shortly before the show 51 Chase s departure for film made Michaels possessive of his talent he threatened to fire Aykroyd if he took the role of D Day in the 1978 comedy Animal House and later refused to allow SNL musician Paul Shaffer to participate in The Blues Brothers 1980 with Aykroyd and Belushi after they left in 1979 to pursue film careers 52 53 Michaels began to struggle to hold the remaining cast together in the wake of Chase Aykroyd and Belushi s independent successes Radner had a one woman Broadway show and Murray starred in the 1979 comedy Meatballs 54 In 1980 Michaels chose to leave the series to pursue other interests and was replaced by Doumanian who wanted to give the show a fresh start with a new cast and writing staff 55 Michaels was followed out the door by the remaining original cast Curtin Newman Radner Morris Murray and additional cast members 53 The Doumanian era cast faced immediate comparison to the beloved former cast and was not received favorably 27 Ebersol fired the majority of her hires except for two unknown comedians Eddie Murphy and Joe Piscopo 56 Talent coordinator Neil Levy claimed Murphy contacted and pleaded with him for a role on the show and after seeing him audition Levy fought with Doumanian to cast him instead of Robert Townsend Doumanian wanted only one black cast member and favored Townsend but Levy convinced her to choose Murphy Doumanian also claimed credit for discovering Murphy and fighting with NBC executives to bring him onto the show 57 Even so Murphy would languish as a background character until Ebersol took charge 58 after which Murphy was credited with much of that era s success 59 60 Murphy s star exploded and he quickly appeared in films such as 48 Hrs and Trading Places before leaving for his film career in early 1984 Much of the Ebersol cast departed after the 1983 84 season and were replaced with established comedians who could supply their own material but at an inflated cost Billy Crystal and Martin Short were paid 25 000 and 20 000 per episode respectively far more than earlier salaries 29 Michaels s return in 1985 saw a cast reset that featured talent such as Robert Downey Jr Jon Lovitz and Dennis Miller 61 The season was poorly received and another reset followed in 1986 Michaels kept Lovitz Miller and Nora Dunn and brought in new untested talent such as Conan O Brien Robert Smigel Greg Daniels Bob Odenkirk Kevin Nealon Dana Carvey Phil Hartman and Jan Hooks who together would define a new era on the show into the early 1990s 62 In 1989 90 new talent such as Mike Myers Adam Sandler and Chris Farley was added Afraid of cast members leaving for film careers Michaels had overcrowded the cast causing a divide between the veteran members and the new younger talent increasing competition for limited screen time 63 By 1995 Carvey and Hartman had left taking with them a virtual army of characters Myers quit for his movie career and increasing network pressure forced Michaels to fire Sandler and Farley The show saw its next major overhaul bringing in a largely new cast including Will Ferrell Molly Shannon Cheri Oteri and Darrell Hammond Within a few years Jimmy Fallon and Tina Fey also joined the cast 64 While cast members would leave over the following two decades the show saw its next biggest transition in 2013 with the addition of six cast members to compensate for the departure of several longtime cast members like Bill Hader Jason Sudeikis and Fred Armisen 65 As of Season 48 SNL has featured 163 cast members including besides the above mentioned players Rachel Dratch Amy Poehler Chris Rock David Spade Will Forte Julia Louis Dreyfus Tracy Morgan Chris Parnell Maya Rudolph Andy Samberg Molly Shannon Kristen Wiig and many others Kenan Thompson is the show s longest serving cast member Thompson first joined the series in 2003 and has been on the show for twenty seasons 66 Those selected to join the cast of SNL are normally already accomplished performers recruited from improvisational comedy groups such as The Groundlings Newman Ferrell Hartman 67 Lovitz Wiig 68 and The Second City Aykroyd Farley Fey 69 Tim Meadows or established stand up comedians Carvey Sandler Rock Norm Macdonald who already possess the training or experience necessary for SNL 70 Of the many roles available in the show one of the longest running and most coveted is being the host of Weekend Update a segment featuring one or two hosts who get substantial screen time performing as themselves citation needed Many of the Weekend Update hosts have gone on to find greater success outside the show including Chase Curtin Murray citation needed Miller Macdonald 71 Fey citation needed Fallon 72 and Poehler From 2008 Seth Meyers was the solo host of Weekend Update 73 before being partnered with Cecily Strong in 2013 After Meyers left for Late Night with Seth Meyers in February 2014 Strong was paired with head writer Colin Jost However later that year she was replaced by writer Michael Che 74 75 The cast is divided into two tiers the more established group of repertory players and newer unproven cast members known as featured players who may eventually be promoted to the repertory stable 2022 23 season cast 76 Repertory players Featured playersMichael Che joined 2014 ⱡ Mikey Day joined 2016 Andrew Dismukes joined 2020 Chloe Fineman joined 2019 Heidi Gardner joined 2017 Punkie Johnson joined 2020 Colin Jost joined 2014 ⱡ Ego Nwodim joined 2018 Kenan Thompson joined 2003 Bowen Yang joined 2019 Marcello Hernandez joined 2022 James Austin Johnson joined 2021 Molly Kearney joined 2022 Michael Longfellow joined 2022 Sarah Sherman joined 2021 Devon Walker joined 2022 ⱡ denotes Weekend Update anchorThe cast were often contracted from anywhere between five and six years to the show 77 78 but starting with the 1999 2000 season new hires were tied to a rewritten contract that allowed NBC to take a cast member in at least their second year and put them in an NBC sitcom Cast members are given the option of rejecting the first two sitcom offers but must accept the third offer with the sitcom contract length dictated by NBC and potentially lasting up to six years 78 The move drew criticism from talent agents and managers who believed a cast member could be locked into a contract with NBC for twelve years six on SNL and then six on a sitcom The contract also optioned the cast member for three feature films produced by SNL Films a company owned by NBC Paramount Pictures and Michaels The new contracts were reportedly developed after many previously unknown cast such as Mike Myers and Adam Sandler gained fame on SNL only to leave and make money for other studios 78 In a 2010 interview Wiig was reported to be contracted to SNL for a total of seven years 79 The contracts also contain a network option that allows NBC to remove a cast member at any time 80 In the first season of the show the cast was paid 750 per episode rising to 2 000 by season two and 4 000 by season four 81 By the late 1990s new cast members received a salary between 5 000 78 and 5 500 per episode increasing to 6 000 in the second year and up to 12 500 for a cast member in their fifth year Performers could earn an additional 1 500 per episode for writing a sketch that made it to air 80 In 2001 Ferrell became the highest paid cast member being paid 350 000 per season approximately 17 500 per episode 82 In 2014 Sasheer Zamata was added as a cast member in mid season after criticism of the show s lack of an African American woman 83 84 85 Number of cast members by season Writers Edit Main article List of Saturday Night Live writers Showrunner Lorne Michaels As of the 2022 23 season Kent Sublette Alison Gates and Streeter Seidell are the show s co head writers 86 Seth Meyers became a co head writer in 2005 became the single head writer from 2008 to 2012 and then left in 2014 The Weekend Update segment has its own dedicated team of writers led by head writer and producer Alex Baze as of the 2011 12 season 87 88 89 Scenes on Weekend Update that involve members of the cast acting in character alongside the host are often written by staff writers outside the dedicated Weekend Update team who know those characters better 89 Colin Jost has been a writer since 2005 and was one of the head writers from 2012 to 2015 before being renamed head writer from 2017 until 2022 Michael Che has been a writer since 2013 He temporarily left the show in the summer of 2014 but came back that fall to anchor Update and reclaimed his status as a writer then serving as co head writer alongside Jost for five years 90 91 SNL writers are often also performers or experienced in writing and improvisational comedy Many are hired from similar backgrounds such as The Groundlings Second City Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre and ImprovOlympic 53 Comedian Jim Downey was head writer for nine years beginning in 1985 92 Experienced writers with backgrounds in television shows are also sometimes brought into the SNL writing room Like the SNL cast who appear on camera many of the writers have been able to find their own success outside the show such as Conan O Brien who was brought into SNL from The Groundlings in 1988 went on to write for The Simpsons and eventually began hosting his own show 93 Former head writer Adam McKay along with performer Ferrell founded the successful comedy website Funny or Die 94 In 2000 Tina Fey became the first woman SNL head writer 95 96 and successfully made the transition to starring on the show 97 as well as writing and starring in feature films 98 99 100 ultimately creating and starring in her own show 30 Rock which was partly based on her SNL experiences 101 In 2005 Fey was paid 1 5 million per season for her dual role as head writer and performer 102 Writer John Mulaney has also found success outside of SNL through well received stand up specials his Broadway act The Oh Hello Show and the special John Mulaney amp the Sack Lunch Bunch Announcers Edit Don Pardo served as the announcer for the series when it began and continued in the role for all but season seven between 1981 and 1982 when Michaels had left and Mel Brandt and Bill Hanrahan filled the announcing role In 2004 Pardo announced that he would step down from his position but then continued in the role until 2009 where he again announced his retirement but then continued into the 2009 10 season 103 In 2010 the 92 year old Pardo was reported to be again considering his retirement but continued to serve as announcer until his death at age 96 on August 18 2014 following the 39th season Apart from a brief period in 2006 in which Pardo pre recorded his announcements at his home in Arizona he flew to New York City to perform his announcing duties live until 2010 when he began recording permanently from Arizona 103 104 105 Cast members Joe Piscopo 106 and Darrell Hammond also periodically impersonated Pardo and fulfilled his announcing duties when Pardo was unavailable 107 Hammond took over as full time announcer starting with season 40 108 Hosts and musical guests Edit Main article List of Saturday Night Live guests A typical episode of SNL will feature a single host chosen for their popularity or novelty or because they have a film album or other work being released near the time of their appearance on the show 109 The host delivers the opening monologue and goodnights introduces the musical guest and performs in sketches with the cast Traditionally the host of the show ends the opening monologue by introducing the musical guest for the night We got a great show for you tonight musical guest is are here So stick around we ll be right back Comedian George Carlin was the first to host SNL in the debut October 1975 episode 110 three episodes later Candice Bergen became the first woman to host 111 and subsequently the first host to return 112 Guests who have hosted five or more times are sometimes referred to as belonging to the Five Timers Club a term that originated on a sketch performed on Tom Hanks s fifth episode 113 As of February 11 2017 actor Alec Baldwin holds the record for most times hosting having performed the duty on seventeen different occasions since 1990 Baldwin took the record from actor Steve Martin who has hosted fifteen times since 1976 114 Occasionally former SNL cast members also host Each episode also features a musical guest a solo act or a band who perform two or three musical numbers Occasionally the musical guest simultaneously serves as the host and may also appear in comedy sketches As of October 11 2020 Dave Grohl is the most frequent musical guest performing on fourteen shows since 1992 115 Michaels strongly opposes the use of pre recorded vocals during musical performances Michaels does not allow musical guests to perform using lip synching tracks 116 believing it diminishes the live aspect of the show Exceptions are made only when the musical act is focused on intense dance routines instead of vocals where it is difficult to be both heavily physically active and sing 117 A 1975 performance by pop group ABBA was the first and only act to feature lip synching 116 until the controversial 2004 performance of Ashlee Simpson The December 18 2021 episode hosted by Paul Rudd became the first episode to not feature any musical performances since the first episode of season 12 as well as the third episode in the show s duration to not have a musical guest due to the rise of the Omicron variant in New York City during the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic 118 Charli XCX was planned as the musical guest but her performance was cancelled due to the new restrictions as the show had a limited cast and crew and no audience 119 She was due to perform Good Ones and New Shapes on this episode with Christine and the Queens and Caroline Polachek scheduled to guest on the latter performance XCX s only appearance in the episode however was in the pre recorded music video spoof called The Christmas Socks where she played a parrot named T J Rocks To make up for time and the lack of cast members classic Christmas sketches are shown with some sketches introduced by Tina Fey Tom Hanks and Kenan Thompson The Band Edit Main article Saturday Night Live Band The Saturday Night Live Band also known as The Live Band is the house band for SNL Academy Award winning composer Howard Shore served as the first musical director from 1975 to 1980 appearing in many musical sketches including Howard Shore and His All Nurse Band and backing a U S Coast Guard chorus Howard Shore and the Shore Patrol Over the years the band has featured several New York studio musicians including Paul Shaffer 1975 1980 Lou Marini 1975 1983 David Sanborn 1975 Michael Brecker early 1980s Ray Chew 1980 1983 Alan Rubin 1975 1983 Georg Wadenius 1979 1985 Steve Ferrone 1985 David Johansen performing as Buster Poindexter Tom Malone who took over as musical director from 1981 to 1985 and G E Smith musical director from 1985 to 1995 As of 2017 the band is under the leadership of Tower of Power alumnus Lenny Pickett keyboardist Leon Pendarvis and Eli Brueggemann who does not play in the band on the live show The band plays instrumentals leading in and out of station breaks affiliates who run no advertising during these interludes hear the band play complete songs behind a Saturday Night Live bumper graphic until the program resumes 120 The band plays Closing Theme Waltz in A written by Shore at the end of the show 121 Production EditMain articles List of recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches and Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches listed alphabetically Comcast Building 30 Rockefeller Plaza or 30 Rock from which the show is broadcast The studio Edit Main article Studio 8H Since the show s inception SNL has aired from Studio 8H located on floors eight and nine of the Comcast Building formerly the RCA Building and GE Building now 30 Rockefeller Plaza or 30 Rock The studio had originally been used as a radio soundstage for Arturo Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra 122 Michaels was dumbfounded when he originally inspected Studio 8H in 1975 and found it technically limited outdated in need of repair 123 and lacking the capacity to host a live show Michaels demanded that NBC executives rebuild the studio and improve the acoustics to accommodate the intended musical acts 122 at a cost of approximately 300 000 122 Three of the shows of the 1976 77 season were shot at the former NBC Studios in Brooklyn due to NBC News using Studio 8H for presidential election coverage 124 During the summer 2005 shooting hiatus crews began renovations on Studio 8H With its thirty first season premiere in October 2005 the show began broadcasting in high definition television appearing letterboxed on conventional television screens The offices of SNL writers producers and other staff can be found on the 17th floor of 30 Rock 125 Creating an episode Edit Production on an SNL episode will normally start on a Monday with a free form pitch meeting 126 127 128 between the cast writers producers including Michaels and the guest host in Michaels s office over two hours The host is invited to pitch ideas during this meeting Although some sketch writing may occur on the day the bulk of the work revolves around pitching ideas Tuesday is the only day dedicated purely to writing the scripts 127 a process that usually extends through the night into the following morning Writing may not begin until 8 00 p m on Tuesday 126 At 5 00 p m on Wednesday the sketches are read by the cast during a round table meeting in the writers room 128 attended by the writers and producers present during the pitch meeting technical experts such as make up artists who may be required to realize certain sketch ideas such as those using prosthetics and other producers resulting in an attendance of approximately fifty people At this point there may be at least forty sketch ideas that are read through in turn lasting upwards of three hours 129 After completion of the read through Michaels the head writer the guest host and some of the show producers will move to Michaels office to decide the layout of the show and decide which of the sketches will be developed for air Once complete the writers and cast are allowed into Michaels s office to view the show breakdown and learn whether or not their sketch has survived 130 Sketches may be rewritten starting the same day 127 but will certainly commence on Thursday Work focuses on developing and rewriting the remaining sketches 126 and possibly rehearsals 128 If a sketch is still scheduled beyond Thursday it is rehearsed on Friday or Saturday 127 before moving to a rehearsal before a live audience at 8 00 p m again on Saturday before the live show 126 128 After the rehearsal Michaels will review the show lineup to ensure it meets a 90 minute length and sketches that have made it as far as the live rehearsal may be removed 131 This often results in less than two days of rehearsal for the eight to twelve sketches that have made it to the stage that then may appear on the live broadcast 126 The opening monologue spoken by the guest host is given low priority and can be written as late as Saturday afternoon 132 According to an interview with Tina Fey in 2004 the three to four member dedicated Weekend Update writing team will write jokes throughout the week The host s of Weekend Update will normally not work with or read the scripts from the team until Thursday evening after the main show sketches have been finalized The host s will then work on contributing to the script where necessary 133 134 As of late 2017 Weekend Update now has its own separate writing staff dedicated to writing news jokes citation needed Post production Edit With onsite facilities housed on floors eight and seventeen of Rockefeller Plaza post production duties on live broadcasts of Saturday Night Live include the mixing of audio and video elements by the Senior Audio Mixer coupled with additional audio feeds consisting of music sound effects music scoring and pre recorded voiceovers All sources are stored digitally with shows captured and segregated into individual elements to reorganize for future repeats and syndication The production tracking system was migrated from primarily analog to digital in 1998 with live shows typically requiring 1 5 terabytes of storage consisting of audio elements and five cameras worth of visual elements 135 Elements of Saturday Night Live that are pre recorded such as certain commercial parodies SNL Digital Shorts and show graphics are processed off site in the post production facilities of Broadway Video 136 137 Filming and photography Edit Studio 8H production facilities are maintained by NBC Production Services As of 2018 the show uses five Sony HDC 1500 cameras primarily mounted on Vinten pedestals although one is mounted on a Chapman Leonard Electra crane 138 139 140 As of 2014 a Grass Valley GVG 4000 3 digital component production switcher and GVG 7000 digital component routing switcher are used to route visual feeds to the control room with multiple digital and analog video recorders used to store footage Graphics are provided by a Chyron Lyric Pro character generator and an Avid Deko character generator Audio facilities consist of a Calrec T Series digitally controlled analog mixing console and a Yamaha digital mixing console used for tape playback support and utility audio work 141 While exact budgets for other seasons are not known the 39th season 2013 14 had a budget of over 70 million for which it received a subsidy from New York State in the amount of 12 3 million 142 As of 2009 the opening title sequence and opening montage is shot using the Canon EOS 5D Mark II and Canon EOS 7D digital SLR cameras Typical elements are recorded at thirty frames per second fps with slow motion sequences shot at sixty fps both in full 1080p high definition 143 Edie Baskin was the original SNL photographer She was hired after Michaels saw her photographs of Las Vegas and other work Baskin helped create the opening title sequence for the show by taking photos of New York City at night 144 The first episode used publicity photos of host George Carlin as transitional bumpers between the show and commercial breaks the second episode used photos Baskin had already taken of host Paul Simon It was then that Michaels suggested that Baskin photograph the hosts for the bumpers instead of using publicity photos beginning a tradition that continues today 145 Since 1999 Mary Ellen Matthews has been the official photographer of SNL responsible for devising distinctive photo layouts and aesthetics for still imagery used on the show Matthews creates photo portraits of the hosts and musical guests of each episode which are used as commercial bumpers The limited time frame between the host s involvement in the production process and the Live show requires Matthews to create makeshift photo studios on site at 30 Rock with Matthews attempting to shoot the host on Tuesday and the musical guest on Thursday although the availability of either can mean the photoshoot for both occurs as late as Thursday 146 Matthews employs flattering portrait lighting with hard lights to achieve a Hollywood style On the lighting Matthews commented I think it just helps the image pop off the screen If you use soft or flat lighting it becomes not as dimensional The classic Hollywood lighting gives a little more contrast and if I use edge lights and then light the background it goes farther and farther back I try to achieve that depth as much as I can 147 Matthews is also responsible for taking cast photos behind the scenes images documenting rehearsals and promotional photos As of 2010 she has also been involved in directing videos including the show title sequence 147 Broadcast EditSee also List of Saturday Night Live episodes SNL s main stage during rehearsal 2008 The show begins at 11 29 30 p m Eastern Time and is scheduled for a 93 minute timeslot ending at 1 02 a m 148 For most of SNL s history it aired live only to NBC stations in the Eastern and Central Time Zones with all others receiving a recorded broadcast at the normal start time of late night network programming 11 30 p m Pacific and 10 30 p m in other time zones Since 2017 the show is broadcast live across the contiguous United States Because the show airs outside of the safe harbor outside of Eastern and Central Time a brief broadcast delay is installed to meet Federal Communications Commission regulations of primetime programming 149 Outside of the contiguous United States the show also airs live on the three NBC stations in Alaska at 7 30 p m local Two NBC stations still broadcast SNL on tape delay KHNL in Honolulu delays it one hour to 7 30 p m and KUAM TV in Guam where the live broadcast occurs at 1 30 p m Sunday delays it to 11 00 p m Since the first opening in 1975 with Michael O Donoghue Chevy Chase and John Belushi the show has normally begun with a cold open sketch which ends with one or more cast members breaking character and proclaiming Live from New York it s Saturday Night followed by the opening credits 8 From May 1985 to April 1991 SNL was occasionally preempted for Saturday Night s Main Event In February 2013 NBC began airing shortened hour long repeats on select Saturday evenings at 10 00 p m Eastern Time during the regular season these may be preempted due to the live airing happening in primetime on the west coast the episodes scheduled were sometimes rebroadcasts of the previous week s episode if it was a first run broadcast 150 Since the 2014 15 season the show s 40th anniversary the prime time rebroadcasts have been a selection of episodes from throughout the show s run under the title SNL Vintage NBC and Broadway Video both hold the underlying rights to the show while the copyright to every episode lies either with NBC or Universal Television From 1990 until 2004 and again since 2015 Comedy Central and its predecessor Ha aired reruns of the series after which E signed a deal to carry reruns 151 Abbreviated thirty and sixty minute versions of the first five seasons aired as The Best of Saturday Night Live in syndication from Orion Television at the time the FCC s fin syn rules prevented NBC from directly distributing reruns of the show beginning in the 1980s and later on Nick at Nite in 1988 In September 2010 reruns of most episodes made from 1998 onward began airing on VH1 152 Starting in February 2016 VH1 and Comedy Central s sister channel Logo began airing reruns of 2006 onward episodes on Sunday nights launching its broadcast as counterprogramming for Super Bowl 50 and branding it the Live From New York It s Satur Gay Night marathon On March 16 2017 NBC announced it would air the final four episodes of the 42nd season live in all mainland U S time zones for the first time creating a communal experience across the states NBC executive Robert Greenblatt explained the show s significant viewership had made it part of the national conversation and thus they felt it would be appropriate for the entire country to be in on the joke at the same time 153 NBC announced on September 19 2017 that all subsequent episodes would air live coast to coast in the U S 154 NBC announced that the May 8 2021 episode hosted by Elon Musk would be livestreamed on YouTube worldwide for the first time 155 Delays Edit The episode scheduled for October 25 1986 hosted by Rosanna Arquette was not aired until November 8 due to NBC broadcasting game 6 of the 1986 World Series between the New York Mets and Boston Red Sox the four hour game entered extra innings with the Mets overcoming a two run deficit to win causing that night s broadcast of SNL to be canceled The show was recorded for the studio audience starting at 1 30 a m Eastern Time and broadcast two weeks later with a jocular apology by Mets pitcher Ron Darling 156 The episode scheduled for February 10 2001 hosted by Jennifer Lopez aired 45 minutes late due to an XFL game Lopez and the cast were not told they were airing on a delay Michaels was so upset by the delay the episode was rerun a mere three weeks later The fledgling football league ended up changing their rules in order to speed up play and a deal was reached where the feed to future games would be cut off if the episode is airing Live whether the game had been decided or not when SNL started so that no such incident would happen again 157 The November 7 2020 episode hosted by Dave Chappelle the first episode after 2020 presidential elections began at 12 10 a m Eastern after a Clemson Notre Dame college football game went into double overtime 158 International versions EditBecause SNL has been a huge success in the United States channels in other countries have created their own versions of the show including Germany Egypt Spain South Korea Japan Russia Canada Finland France Italy and Poland 159 160 In the mid late 1980s Channel Four in association with London Weekend Television created a show for British audiences called Saturday Live and Friday Night Live the repeat version was entitled Saturday Almost Live It was based on the SNL format but had no direct connection to the US program A German version of SNL named RTL Samstag Nacht aired between 1993 and 1998 on RTL Television Most episodes were hosted by German celebrities however some shows were hosted by American personalities who never hosted the American version including Mel Brooks and Michael Winslow Due to language barriers they appeared only in opening monologues and in a limited number of sketches 161 SNL in its original American version has aired in Israel since the early 2000s and is broadcast by satellite provider yes There was a local SNL based show named Am Israel Hai People of Israel Live back in 2002 but it was canceled after one season Another SNL esque Israeli show Eretz Nehederet A Wonderful Country debuted in 2003 and continues to garner high ratings SNL also airs in the Middle East and North Africa OSN First HD every Saturday night one week after it airs in the U S 162 In India and Sri Lanka Saturday Night Live airs an hour long version on Comedy Central one week after the U S broadcast 163 Spain s version of the show was short lived lasting a few episodes which aired on Thursdays and not Saturdays as the title suggested This version copied heavily from the American version as they did their own versions of sketches already done on the original series 159 Italy s Saturday Night Live From Milan aired for four seasons and used original material 159 164 On December 3 2011 South Korea s SNL Korea premiered on cable channel tvN 165 166 167 168 As of 11 November 2017 has completed nine seasons with 205 episodes On September 4 2021 it was rebooted and broadcast through Coupang Play a South Korean OTT service Only the broadcasting stations are different but the members are similar or reinforced The Japanese version Saturday Night Live JPN which ran for six months in 2011 was created in part with sponsor Coca Cola and Lorne Michaels s production company Broadway Video and broadcast on Fuji TV networks The show followed the same format with a few minor differences being only 45 minutes long and hosted by a permanent host The cast was made up of seasoned comedians who take center stage and newcomers who play the background roles It was broadcast once a month and ended after six episodes as planned from the start 169 170 171 In 2013 the Russian channel NTV aired the SNL adaptation entitled Subbota Vecher Shou Saturday Evening Show and produced by Endemol s Weit Media Unlike other international versions it was not broadcast live 172 Due to low ratings and negative reviews the third episode was pulled from the schedule 173 174 The remaining six episodes eventually aired in January 2014 but without any announcements and under a different title Segodnya Vecher Shou Today Evening Show Reruns of the adaptation were aired at night on NTV throughout the first half of 2015 In 2014 two ninety minute specials were broadcast in French on Tele Quebec in the Canadian province of Quebec under the title SNL Quebec the specials were broadcast on February 8 and March 22 2014 Hosted by Louis Jose Houde and Stephane Rousseau it is the same format and length as the original SNL series 175 Certain sketches from the original program such as Debbie Downer and Schweddy Balls were adapted into French while other sketches were original material written directly for the Quebec series On May 13 2014 SNL Quebec was renewed for another eight episodes to be broadcast monthly over the 2014 15 season ending with a Best of compilation 176 Tele Quebec announced in May 2015 the series would not be renewed due to funding cutbacks 177 and Ici Radio Canada Tele subsequently signed the show s production team and cast to produce a new series Le nouveau show for that network 178 The French channel M6 launched the pilot episode of its SNL adaptation Le Saturday Night Live in January 2017 The Polish division of Showmax video on demand streaming service launched the first season of its SNL adaptation SNL Polska on December 2 2017 The show received mixed reviews 179 180 181 however improving by the end of the series 182 Following the first series a stand alone Weekend Update was introduced in autumn 2018 183 In December 2018 Showmax announced the closure of its Polish branch effectively cancelling the show 184 On December 10 2021 Deadline reported that Sky One is currently working on the UK version of Saturday Night Live 185 Country Name Station Broadcast Language Brazil Saturday Night Live RedeTV May 27 2012 October 20 2012 Portuguese Canada SNL Quebec Tele Quebec February 8 2014 March 21 2015 French China 周六夜现场 Youku June 23 2018 September 8 2018 Mandarin Chinese France Le Saturday Night Live M6 January 5 2017 single episode French Germany RTL Samstag Nacht RTL Television November 6 1993 May 23 1998 German Italy Saturday Night Live from MilanoSaturday Night Live Italia 1TV8 2006 2011April 7 2018 May 12 2018 Italian Japan サタデーナイトライブ JPNSaturday Night Live JPN Fuji TV October 27 2012 November 17 2012 Japanese Poland SNL Polska Showmax December 2 2017 March 17 2018 Polish Russia Subbota Vecher ShouSegodnya Vecher Shou NTV September 13 2013 January 11 2014 Russian South Korea SNL 코리아Saturday Night Live Korea TVN December 3 2011 November 18 2017 Korean South Korea SNL 코리아 리부트 Saturday Night Live Korea Reboot Coupang Play September 4 2021 Present Korean Spain Saturday Night Live Cuatro February 5 2009 May 13 2009 Spanish Finland Saturday Night Live Suomi MTV3 February 6 2016 April 23 2016 Finnish Egypt ساترداي نايت لايف بالعربيSaturday Night Live Arabic OSN February 20 2016 January 6 2018 ArabicU S television ratings EditThe show s ratings increased steadily for several years after its debut reaching their highest point in the fifth season Ratings entered into a period of decline after that never again reaching those heights but had rebounded enough by the early 1990s to make the 1992 93 season the fifth highest rated in the show s history Since then ratings have trended steadily lower As of 2018 thirteen of the show s lowest rated seasons occurred in the 2000s The show s ratings have often experienced temporary spikes during U S presidential election years 186 Season Episodes Start Date End Date Viewers Mil Overall Rating 187 18 49 Rating1975 76 24 October 11 1975 July 31 1976 N A 6 4 N A1976 77 22 September 18 1976 May 21 1977 7 91977 78 20 September 24 1977 May 20 1978 9 81978 79 October 7 1978 May 26 1979 13 11979 80 October 13 1979 May 24 1980 13 51980 81 13 November 15 1980 April 11 1981 9 51981 82 20 October 3 1981 May 22 1982 8 01982 83 September 25 1982 May 14 1983 7 41983 84 19 October 8 1983 May 12 19841984 85 17 October 6 1984 April 13 1985 7 51985 86 18 November 9 1985 May 24 1986 7 11986 87 20 October 11 1986 May 23 1987 7 61987 88 13 October 17 1987 February 27 1988 11 77 8 4 6 41988 89 20 October 8 1988 May 20 1989 10 73 7 9 5 51989 90 September 30 1989 May 19 1990 11 09 8 1 5 81990 91 September 29 1990 May 18 1991 10 55 7 5 5 71991 92 September 28 1991 May 16 1992 12 37 8 8 6 81992 93 September 26 1992 May 15 1993 12 67 9 2 7 11993 94 September 25 1993 May 14 1994 11 32 8 2 6 31994 95 September 24 1994 May 13 1995 9 87 7 2 5 41995 96 September 30 1995 May 18 1996 7 40 5 6 3 81996 97 September 28 1996 May 17 1997 9 08 6 7 4 81997 98 September 27 1997 May 9 1998 9 18 6 6 5 01998 99 19 September 26 1998 May 15 1999 8 44 6 1 4 51999 00 20 October 2 1999 May 20 2000 8 32 6 0 4 42000 01 October 7 2000 May 19 2001 8 88 6 2 4 62001 02 September 29 2001 May 18 2002 8 78 5 8 4 42002 03 October 5 2002 May 17 2003 8 34 5 5 4 12003 04 October 4 2003 May 15 2004 8 09 3 82004 05 October 2 2004 May 21 2005 7 47 5 1 3 62005 06 19 October 1 2005 May 20 2006 6 96 4 7 3 22006 07 20 September 30 2006 May 19 2007 6 90 4 6 3 02007 08 12 September 29 2007 May 17 2008 6 87 4 52008 09 22 September 13 2008 May 16 2009 9 17 5 8 3 92009 10 September 26 2009 May 15 2010 8 41 5 2 3 52010 11 September 25 2010 May 21 2011 8 46 3 42011 12 September 24 2011 May 19 2012 8 38 5 4 3 32012 13 21 September 15 2012 May 18 2013 8 31 3 42013 14 September 28 2013 May 17 2014 8 37 5 2 3 32014 15 September 27 2014 May 16 2015 7 42 4 6 2 72015 16 October 3 2015 May 21 2016 8 70 4 9 2 92016 17 October 1 2016 May 20 2017 11 00 5 6 3 52017 18 September 29 2017 May 19 2018 7 55 N A N A2018 19 September 29 2018 May 18 2019 N A N A N A2019 20 18 September 28 2019 May 9 2020 N A N A 1 52020 21 20 October 3 2020 May 22 2021 9 00 N A 2 1Reception EditIn 2002 SNL was ranked tenth on TV Guide s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time 188 while in 2007 it was honored with inclusion on Time magazine s list of 100 Best TV Shows of All TIME 189 190 In June 2013 the show was placed at number 25 on the list of the 101 best written shows of all time by the Writers Guild of America assessing series from the previous seventy years 191 In December 2013 TV Guide ranked it 18 on their list of the 60 Greatest Shows of All Time 192 A 2015 The Hollywood Reporter survey of 2 800 actors producers directors and other industry people named SNL as their 7 favorite show 193 It is currently as of the 40th longest running television show in the U S citation needed In 2016 a New York Times study of the fifty television shows with the most Facebook likes found that SNL is very much an urban show It is most popular in cities throughout the country and college towns Amherst Mass Madison Wis and Ithaca N Y are all among the top 10 194 Some critics have cautioning that the show is too dependent upon visiting guest actors and former SNL cast members particularly for its impersonations of prominent politicians in the 2020 U S Presidential Election races and is beginning to have difficulty producing relevant truly funny content 195 196 197 198 199 Accolades Edit Main article List of awards and nominations received by Saturday Night Live Lorne Michaels and the cast of Saturday Night Live at the 68th Annual Peabody Awards for Political Satire 2008 Saturday Night Live has won numerous awards since its debut including 87 Primetime Emmy Awards 200 six Writers Guild of America Awards 201 and three Peabody Awards 202 In 2009 it received a total of thirteen Emmy nominations for a lifetime total of 126 breaking the record for the most award nominated show in Primetime Emmy Award history previously set with 124 by hospital drama ER 203 204 As of September 2022 it has received a record total of 305 Primetime Emmy Award nominations 205 Twenty five cast members have received individual Primetime Emmy Award nominations in the show s history These nominations were mostly in the category of Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program before that award was discontinued since then nominations have been in the Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress categories for comedy series Of the 54 total nominations for these twenty five performers four have won Chevy Chase 1976 Gilda Radner 1978 Dana Carvey 1993 and Kate McKinnon 2016 2017 In addition Alec Baldwin received two Emmy nominations winning once in 2017 for his recurring guest role as Donald Trump 206 Electoral effect Edit SNL has also affected American elections most commonly presidential elections Voters have reported that political sketches shown on the program influenced them in the voting booth The so called SNL Effect was observed during the 2008 presidential campaign according to Mike Dabadie Two thirds of voters who responded to a poll said they had seen a broadcast of politically charged content on SNL with ten percent saying it had made a difference in their decision Barack Obama was the beneficiary of the political content with 59 percent saying they did in fact cast a vote for the Democratic then nominee 207 Chevy Chase s bumbling impression of then president Gerald Ford during the 1976 presidential election was cited as an influence on the election and a quote commonly attributed to 2008 vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin stating I can see Russia from my house was actually spoken by SNL cast member Tina Fey while portraying Palin 208 The political content was abandoned briefly following the September 11 2001 terrorist attack in New York with Amy Poehler saying the writers did not want to produce politicized material 209 Several politicians have appeared on SNL including President Gerald Ford in 1976 during the show s first season then Senator Barack Obama 2007 Senator John McCain 2002 and 2008 Secretary Hillary Clinton 2008 and 2015 and Governor Sarah Palin 2008 who appeared alongside Fey s Palin impression resulting in the show s largest audience in fourteen years with fourteen million viewers 210 209 Senator Obama s appearance occurred in part because Hillary Clinton abandoned her scheduled appearance 209 Donald Trump hosted the show in 2015 211 which was met with controversy from a Latino PAC 212 Controversies EditMain article List of Saturday Night Live incidents Sinead O Connor tears apart a picture of Pope John Paul II during a live SNL performance Due to the show s live broadcast a vast number of technical problems performer mishaps intentional acts of sabotage by performers protests and cuts to dead air have occurred throughout the show s run One incident that garnered widespread media coverage was the October 3 1992 appearance by singer Sinead O Connor in which she ripped up a photo of Pope John Paul II during her performance 213 214 On April 13 1996 the alternative metal band Rage Against the Machine made a statement about the host billionaire and presidential candidate Steve Forbes by hanging two upside down American flags from their amplifiers On October 23 2004 Ashlee Simpson appeared as a musical guest during which a mishap occurred as a result of her lip synching her second song to a backup vocal track Her first performance Pieces of Me was performed without incident but when she began her second song Autobiography the vocals for Pieces of Me were heard again through the speakers even before she had raised the microphone to her mouth Simpson began to do an impromptu jig and then became the only musical act in the show s history to leave the stage At the goodnights at the close of the show Simpson explained that her band played the wrong song 215 Representations of minorities Edit Over the years SNL has been criticized for its perceived stereotypical and sparse representation of racial and gender groups A 2016 study of SNL episodes from 1975 to 2016 826 total revealed over 90 of episodes had white hosts while 6 8 were black 1 2 were Hispanic and 1 1 were of another racial minority 216 Chris Rock indicated he grew frustrated with being limited to sketches where he played stereotypical roles such as a rapper or Black political activist and left the show to perform on In Living Color which featured a mostly Black cast and would offer Rock more creative freedom 217 When longtime cast member Kenan Thompson suggested in 2013 that female African American representation was low because producers were not finding such comediennes who were ready media outlets countered it was SNL that was not ready and the racial disparity is symptomatic of problems deeply rooted in comedy and the entertainment industry at large 218 219 220 The same year Thompson refused to play any more black women on the show and demanded SNL hire black women instead 221 222 SNL has had little representation from Asian actors as cast members or hosts in its run 223 224 Until Bowen Yang s promotion from writer to on air performer there had been only three people of Asian descent in the cast Fred Armisen 2002 2013 had a Korean grandfather Rob Schneider 1988 1994 had a Filipina grandmother and Nasim Pedrad 2009 2014 was born in Tehran Iran 224 225 In the first forty seven seasons the show had seven hosts who were of Asian descent Jackie Chan and Lucy Liu in 2000 Aziz Ansari and Kumail Nanjiani in 2017 Awkwafina in 2018 Sandra Oh in 2019 and Simu Liu in 2021 216 223 224 226 Denny Dillon was the first gay cast member in the 1980 81 season but was in the closet at the time Terry Sweeney was SNL s first openly gay male cast member appearing in the 1985 1986 season although he was not hired by Lorne Michaels Sweeney was also the first openly gay series regular on network television 227 228 John Milhiser was second in the 2013 2014 cast 229 Danitra Vance was also in the 1985 1986 cast but was in the closet throughout her life All four cast members left after one season Before she was cast in 2012 Kate McKinnon had been openly gay and was a cast member for the full run of Logo s The Big Gay Sketch Show 230 and remained an SNL cast member until 2022 Molly Kearney became the first openly non binary cast member in 2022 231 Melissa Villasenor joined as a featured player on the October 1 2016 episode of SNL alongside Mikey Day and Alex Moffat 232 Villasenor is the second Latina cast member after Noel Wells who is a quarter Mexican 233 and the first Latina to be promoted to repertory status 234 Bowen Yang is the sixth LGBTQ cast member in SNL history Numerous news outlets noted the disconnect of Michaels hiring Yang an out gay Chinese American cast member at the same time as Shane Gillis who was found to have aired what was perceived as homophobic and anti Asian jokes and slurs on his podcast 235 236 Gillis issued what Vox and HuffPost characterized as a non apology apology 237 238 Within days a spokesperson for Michaels announced Gillis was fired due to the controversy 236 Jake Weisman co star of Comedy Central s Corporate says the absence of gay men in the cast is rooted in homophobia and bigotry In March 2018 NewNowNext noted Even if the audience and writers have changed with the times and even that s debatable Lorne Michaels hasn t 239 In other media EditHome media Edit Main article List of Saturday Night Live home video releases Universal Studios Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Entertainment hold video rights to the series Universal has issued complete season DVD sets of the first few seasons while Lionsgate s share of the rights is a result of prior contracts with NBC struck before the NBC Universal merger A majority of Lionsgate s SNL DVDs are Best Of compilations citation needed Books Edit Saturday Night Live the first authorized book about the series was published by Avon Books in 1977 and edited by Anne Beatts and John Head with photography by Edie Baskin 240 all three worked for SNL at the time the book was published The oversized illustrated paperback included the scripts for several sketches by the 1975 80 cast 241 In 1986 Doug Hill and Jeff Weingrad authored Saturday Night A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live a behind the scenes look at the first ten seasons 242 Saturday Night Live The First Twenty Years by Michael Cader was released in 1994 and presented information about the cast characters and other memorable moments seen on the show from 1975 to 1994 243 244 Live From New York An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live as Told By Its Stars Writers and Guests was released in 2002 245 The book written by Tom Shales and James Andrew Miller consists of interviews with people who have worked on the show The interviews reveal personal experiences from what happened backstage and the difficulty of getting the show on air each week 246 In 2004 former cast member Jay Mohr released his memoir Gasping for Airtime Two Years in the Trenches of Saturday Night Live 247 about his struggles during his two seasons on the show between 1993 and 1995 dealing with getting sketches on air and the intense work schedule Former cast member Bobby Moynihan described the book as a handbook on what NOT to do at SNL 248 Films Edit Main article List of Saturday Night Live feature films SNL has made several efforts to develop some of the more popular sketches into feature length films with varying degrees of commercial and critical success The first foray into film came with the successful Aykroyd and Belushi vehicle The Blues Brothers 1980 which earned over 115 million on a 27 million budget 249 In 1990 Michaels oversaw the writing of a sketch anthology feature film titled The Saturday Night Live Movie with many of the show s then current writing staff including Al Franken Tom Davis Greg Daniels Jim Downey Conan O Brien Robert Smigel and George Meyer contributing The screenplay only got as far as a Revised First Draft dated July 26 1990 before being abandoned 250 The success of Wayne s World 1992 encouraged Michaels to produce more film spin offs based on several popular sketch characters Michaels revived 1970s characters for Coneheads 1993 followed by It s Pat 1994 Stuart Saves His Family 1995 A Night at the Roxbury 1998 Superstar 1999 and The Ladies Man 2000 Some did moderately well though others did not notably It s Pat which did so badly at the box office the studio that made the film Touchstone Pictures owned by The Walt Disney Company which also owns NBC s rival ABC pulled it only one week after releasing it 251 and Stuart Saves His Family which lost 14 million Many of these films were produced by Paramount Pictures The films based on The Blues Brothers were produced by Universal Studios which merged with NBC in 2004 to form NBC Universal Universal also has a joint venture with Paramount for international distribution of the two studios films Film Release date United States Budget estimated Box office revenueUnited States Elsewhere WorldwideThe Blues Brothers June 20 1980 27 million 57 229 890 58 000 000 115 229 890Wayne s World February 14 1992 20 million 121 697 323 61 400 000 183 097 323Coneheads July 23 1993 33 million 21 274 717 21 274 717Wayne s World 2 December 10 1993 40 million 48 197 805 48 197 805It s Pat August 26 1994 8 million 252 60 822 60 822Stuart Saves His Family April 14 1995 15 million 912 082 912 082Blues Brothers 2000 February 6 1998 28 million 14 051 384 14 051 384A Night at the Roxbury October 2 1998 17 million 30 331 165 30 331 165Superstar October 8 1999 14 million 30 636 478 30 636 478The Ladies Man October 13 2000 24 million 13 616 610 126 602 13 743 212MacGruber May 21 2010 10 million 8 525 600 797 295 9 259 314The character Bob Roberts from the Tim Robbins film of the same name 1992 first appeared on SNL in a short film about the conservative folk singer In addition the 1999 comedy film Office Space originated from a series of animated short films by Mike Judge that aired on SNL in 1993 253 The fictitious American folk music trio The Folksmen first appeared on SNL performing the song Old Joe s Place before later appearing in the film A Mighty Wind 2002 The three members of the Folksmen were the same three comedians Harry Shearer Michael McKean and Christopher Guest who also appeared on the same episode as the rock group Spinal Tap At the time of the appearance the 1984 85 season Shearer and Guest were cast members Mr Bill s Real Life Adventures is based on the Mr Bill sketches from early seasons of SNL 254 255 Commercials Edit Over the years popular characters from the show have appeared in ad campaigns for an assortment of products Sketch Referenced Product Returning Actors Release Date Additional NotesBill Swerski s Superfans State Farm Robert Smigel George Wendt 09 2013 256 Coneheads State Farm Dan Aykroyd Jane Curtin 05 2015 257 Two separate Coneheads commercials in this campaignConeheads Subway N A 1993I Wish It Was Christmas Today Acura N A 11 2014 258 Cover by Julian CasablancasLand Shark BMW N A 2003MacGruber Pepsi Will Forte Kristen Wiig 02 1 2009 259 Premiered during Super Bowl XLIII three commercials totalMango T by Alexander Wang Chris Kattan 06 2014 260 Mr Bill Subway Walter WilliamsMr Bill MasterCard Walter Williams 06 2008 261 Mr Bill Ramada Inn Walter Williams 2001 262 Mr Bill Anti Drug PSA Walter Williams 1980 sMr Bill Burger King Walter Williams 1985Mr Bill America s Wetland campaign Walter Williams 2004 2005 263 Ads pulled over Mr Williams concern Shell Oil Co exploited them for positive PR 264 Pumping Up with Hans amp Franz State Farm Dana Carvey Kevin Nealon 09 04 2014 265 The Richmeister State Farm Rob Schneider 09 2014 266 Commercial pulled in response to Mr Schneider s statements on vaccines 267 The Roxbury Guys Diet Pepsi Max Chris Kattan 02 3 2008 Premiered during Super Bowl XLIIWayne s World Uber Eats Dana Carvey Mike Myers 02 2021 268 Campaign debuted in lead up to Super Bowl LV and ran again during the big gameMusic Edit In 2005 the comedy troupe The Lonely Island consisting of SNL members Andy Samberg Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone gained national exposure after joining the show and debuting their comedic music video Lazy Sunday written with fellow cast member Chris Parnell The song became a surprise hit 269 and convinced Michaels to encourage the troupe to develop more comedy songs Further successes with songs including Like a Boss Jizz in My Pants I m on a Boat We Like Sportz Boombox and Dick in a Box which won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics in 2007 270 saw The Lonely Island go on to release two albums Incredibad 2009 271 and Turtleneck amp Chain 2011 containing SNL developed songs and original works The albums were released by Universal Republic Records who were provided with a license to the SNL songs by NBC and Broadway Video A cast album was released in 1976 on the Arista label including the song Chevy s Girls and comedy bits from the show Weekend Update Emily Litella Gun Control 272 it was later re issued on CD and MP3 download Other Edit Several programs have documented the behind the scenes events of the show A 60 Minutes report taped in October 2004 depicted the intense writing frenzy that goes on during the week leading up to a show with crowded meetings and long hours The report particularly noted the involvement of the guest host s in developing and selecting the sketches in which they will appear Similarly there has been an A amp E episode of Biography which covered the production process as well as an episode of TV Tales in 2002 on E In 2010 Saturday Night a 94 minute documentary by actor James Franco in his directorial debut was released it follows the production process of the December 6 2008 episode hosted by John Malkovich from the concept stage to the episode actually airing live Although it originated as a five minute short film for Franco s New York University film class Michaels granted Franco access to the process allowing the project to be expanded 128 On February 15 2015 NBC aired a 3 1 2 hour special on Saturday Night Live s 40th anniversary The program included a mix of clips new performances of classic characters from previous cast members and special guest appearances from previous hosts 273 In September 2011 ice cream company Ben amp Jerry s released a limited edition ice cream called Schweddy Balls inspired by a 1998 sketch of the same name starring Alec Baldwin Ana Gasteyer and Molly Shannon 274 275 According to the company the ice cream became their fastest selling limited edition flavor 276 failed verification The ice cream was also subject to criticism and boycotts by One Million Moms a project of the American Family Association over the vulgar name 274 277 Some retail chains chose not to sell the flavor but declined to say if the decision was at their own discretion or based on the One Million Moms boycotts 277 278 In June 2014 two new flavors inspired by SNL sketches were introduced Lazy Sunday based on a sketch of the same name featuring Andy Samberg and Chris Parnell and Gilly s Catastrophic Crunch based on the recurring Gilly sketches featuring Kristen Wiig 279 Two Wild and Crazy Pies based on the catchphrase of the recurring Festrunk Brothers was introduced in September 2014 280 followed by Wayne Swirled which was inspired by the eponymous Wayne s World in February 2015 281 See also EditSaturday Live Friday Night Live a British television comedy show with a similar format References EditNotes Edit a b c d e Porter Rick September 28 2021 Saturday Night Live Director Don Roy King Retiring The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on October 9 2021 Retrieved June 14 2021 70th Emmy Facts amp Figures PDF Emmy Awards Academy of Television Arts amp Sciences July 12 2018 p 5 Archived PDF from the original on January 24 2022 Retrieved June 16 2022 Henry David Henry Joe November 5 2013 Furious Cool Richard Pryor and the World That Made Him New York City Algonquin Books ISBN 9781616200787 Shales Tom Andrew Miller James June 4 2009 It s Saturday Night Vanity Fair Archived from the original on November 8 2020 Retrieved June 16 2022 Wilson Hunt Stacy April 22 2011 A Rare Glimpse Inside the Empire of SNL s Lorne Michaels The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on January 24 2022 Retrieved June 20 2022 a b Wilson Stacey April 22 2011 A Rare Glimpse Inside the Empire of SNL s Lorne Michaels The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on May 1 2012 Retrieved January 8 2022 a b Hammill 2004 p 2008 a b Shales Tom November 10 2002 Live From New York The New York Times Archived from the original on April 26 2013 Retrieved November 13 2012 Saturday Night Live History NBC com Retrieved February 14 2010 Rothman Lily September 26 2014 The Surprising Story Behind Saturday Night Live s Most Famous Line Time Retrieved June 18 2016 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 21 Tropiano 2013 p 2 Hill amp Weingrad 1986 p 105 Hill amp Weingrad 1986 p 179 Hill amp Weingrad 1986 p 180 Hill amp Weingrad 1986 p 187 Hill amp Weingrad 1986 p 207 Hill amp Weingrad 1986 p 239 Elvis Costello Radio Radio SNL original footage 1977 first portion only on YouTube a b c The Stunt That Got Elvis Costello Banned From Saturday Night Live 1977 www openculture com September 27 2013 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 121 122 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 157 159 161 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 160 161 a b Shales amp Miller 2002 p 167 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 166 176 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 175 a b Shales amp Miller 2002 p 130 Cityfile Jean Doumanian Cityfile Archived from the original on February 13 2010 Retrieved February 14 2010 a b c Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 177 179 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 155 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 197 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 200 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 199 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 211 a b Shales amp Miller 2002 p 212 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 352 353 358 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 350 351 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 359 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 361 362 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 363 Kenan Thompson Thinks Ending SNL at 50 Might Not Be a Bad Idea Vanity Fair August 2022 Retrieved August 4 2022 Donaldson Laura May 21 2022 Is SNL Ending at Season 50 Kenan Thompson and Lorne Michaels Speak Out Newsweek com Retrieved August 4 2022 Marx Sienkiewicz amp Becker 2013 p 6 Purdum Todd S April 4 2011 Saturday Night Live mocks politics with bipartisan gusto Politico Archived from the original on January 5 2012 Retrieved January 2 2022 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 38 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 23 a b Shales amp Miller 2002 p 27 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 28 a b Shales amp Miller 2002 p 26 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 34 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 82 83 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 81 a b c Keller Richard April 17 2008 The Not Ready for Prime Time Players who made it to the big time 1975 1985 AOL Archived from the original on August 3 2012 Retrieved January 7 2012 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 118 Gates 2013 pp 157 158 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 140 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 136 137 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 153 Meaney Jake October 14 2010 Saturday Night Live The Best of Eddie Murphy Brings on Bursts of Genius PopMatters Archived from the original on November 5 2013 Retrieved January 8 2022 Shales amp Miller 2002 pp 161 163 165 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 198 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 209 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 308 309 346 347 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 352 353 359 Graham Mark September 28 2013 Meet The Six New Faces on Saturday Night Live VH1 Viacom Media Networks Archived from the original on October 3 2013 Retrieved May 8 2016 Kenan Thompson biography NBC Shales amp Miller 2002 p 219 Sneider Jeff February 28 2012 Descendants scribes sell pitch to Indian Paintbrush Variety Retrieved January 2 2022 Dunn Jancee April 2008 Tina Fey Funny Girl Reader s Digest The Reader s Digest Association Archived from the original on May 18 2012 Retrieved January 7 2012 SNL FAQ Broadway Video Archived from the original on May 16 2012 Retrieved January 1 2012 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 286 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 293 Gross Doug September 15 2009 Seth Meyers says he ll man SNL Update desk alone CNN Retrieved January 8 2022 Cooper January 23 2014 SNL head writer to join Cecily Strong as Weekend Update co anchor shingbauer The Today Show Retrieved January 23 2014 Ge Linda September 11 2014 Saturday Night Live Replaces Cecily Strong With Michael Che as Weekend Update Anchor Yahoo TV Retrieved September 11 2014 Saturday Night Live Cast NBC com NBC Ng Philiana March 12 2010 Jimmy Fallon Reveals Secrets Behind the Best Late Night Sketches The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved January 24 2012 a b c d Bogdanovich Peter August 16 1999 SNL s Killer Contract New York Observer Archived from the original on January 19 2012 Retrieved January 24 2012 Barker Olivia May 21 2010 Kristen Wiig of SNL helps save the day in MacGruber USA Today Retrieved January 24 2012 a b Mohr 2004 p 81 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 78 War of the Funnymen Netscape Archived from the original on October 3 2010 Retrieved September 11 2010 Grow Kory January 6 2014 Meet the New SNL Cast Member Rolling Stone Goldberg Lesley January 6 2014 Upright Citizens Brigade alum Sasheer Zamata will join the late night sketch series Jan 18 The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved January 7 2014 S N L Hires Black Female Cast Member The New York Times January 6 2014 Retrieved January 6 2014 Miles Teller Kendrick Lamar Saturday Night Live Season 48 Episode 1 October 1 2022 Event occurs at Closing credits NBC Abramovitch Seth September 16 2013 SNL Announces Hire of 6 New Castmembers The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on September 19 2013 Retrieved May 8 2016 SNL Backstage Saturday Night Live NBC December 17 2011 Archived from the original on December 11 2011 Retrieved December 18 2011 a b Wright Megh September 8 2010 Behind SNL s Weekend Update Interview with Writer Producer Doug Abeles Gawker Archived from the original on April 26 2013 Retrieved January 8 2021 Otterson Joe December 12 2017 SNL Names Michael Che Colin Jost Co Head Writers Wright Megh February 27 2022 SNL Adds 3 New Writers for Season 47 Vulture Retrieved February 27 2022 Comedy Isn t Funny New York Magazine March 13 1995 Retrieved June 20 2015 Host of Late Night with Conan O Brien Greater Talent Network Archived from the original on April 18 2008 Retrieved May 11 2008 Top 10 Post SNL Careers Time June 5 2009 Archived from the original on April 16 2010 Retrieved January 8 2022 Levin Gary February 8 2001 Fey makes way in funnyman s world USA Today 04 D Gay Jason March 4 2001 Meet Four Eyed New Sex Symbol Weekend Update Anchor Tina Fey New York Observer Retrieved July 1 2009 Witchel Alex November 25 2001 Counterintelligence Update Anchor The Brains Behind Herself The New York Times Retrieved July 1 2009 Otto Jeff April 23 2004 IGN Interviews Tina Fey IGN p 1 Retrieved August 10 2010 Ebert Roger November 3 2010 Megamind RogerEbert com Retrieved January 2 2022 Grosz Christy June 10 2009 Face it Tina Fey rocks Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 2 2022 Poniewozik James September 18 2006 Do Not Adjust Your Set Time Archived from the original on November 25 2006 Retrieved January 8 2022 Banay Sophia September 26 2008 Fey Day Portfolio Archived from the original on April 10 2012 Retrieved August 13 2018 a b Schneider Michael September 17 2010 SNL retirement for announcing legend Don Pardo Variety Reed Business Information Retrieved January 2 2022 R I P Saturday Night Live Announcer Don Pardo Deadline Hollywood August 18 2014 Archived from the original on August 20 2014 Retrieved August 19 2014 Ward Coley September 9 2010 Pardo to voice SNL from Tucson Retrieved January 8 2022 Jamie Lee Curtis The Fixx Saturday Night Live February 18 1984 NBC Shales amp Miller 2002 p 295 Ausiello Michael September 18 2014 SNL Taps Darrell Hammond to Succeed Don Pardo as Announcer TVLine Retrieved September 18 2014 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 229 Sklar Rachel February 7 2008 George Carlin s SNL Monologue HuffPost Archived from the original on November 8 2013 Retrieved January 2 2022 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 44 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 48 Hartsell Carol March 10 2013 Justin Timberlake Joins The Five Timers Club During SNL Monologue HuffPost Archived from the original on March 13 2013 Retrieved January 2 2022 Semigran Aly September 25 2011 Saturday Night Live recap The return of the king a k a Alec Baldwin Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on January 5 2012 Retrieved January 2 2022 Darus Alex April 26 2022 The Musical Guest With The Most SNL Appearances Looper com Retrieved August 14 2022 a b Shales amp Miller 2002 p 45 Leung Rebecca February 11 2009 Michaels Lip Sync An SNL No No 60 Minutes CBS Retrieved January 2 2022 New York sets record for positive COVID cases in one day New York Post December 18 2021 Retrieved December 20 2021 SNL Drops Live Audience and Musical Guest Charli XCX Due to COVID Spike NBC Boston Retrieved December 20 2021 SNL Band from NBC Darr Deanna May 16 2013 On the Record Tapestry SNL songs close but not the same Rapid City Journal Retrieved May 4 2017 a b c Shales amp Miller 2002 p 31 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 30 SNL s Studio from NBC Shales amp Miller 2002 p 35 a b c d e Mohr 2004 p 27 a b c d Shales amp Miller 2002 p 79 a b c d e Carlson Daniel October 14 2010 Saturday Night Film Review The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on November 4 2013 Retrieved January 8 2022 Mohr 2004 p 28 Mohr 2004 pp 28 29 Mohr 2004 p 30 Mohr 2004 p 23 Writer and Actress Tina Fey Time 15 30 Audio Fresh Air NPR April 28 2004 Retrieved March 3 2008 Hill Julianne August 2000 SNL s Tina Fey Writer s Digest 40 Case study Saturday Night Live Live from New York through a fibre channel SAN PDF QLogic 2005 Archived from the original PDF on February 17 2010 Retrieved November 16 2009 Broadway Video s reinvention by design Post May 1 2009 Retrieved February 16 2015 Welcome to Broadway Video Broadwayvideo com Retrieved April 12 2010 Studio 8H and the Chapman crane Eyes Of A Generation Television s Living History Retrieved January 19 2019 Creating Saturday Night Live Crane Camera SNL SNL YouTube Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Retrieved January 19 2019 Electra II Nike www chapman leonard com Retrieved January 19 2019 NBC Production Services NBC Production Services Archived from the original on March 2 2014 Retrieved April 12 2010 1FILM TAX CREDIT QUARTERLY REPORTCALENDAR YEAR 2015 FOURTH QUARTER DECEMBER 31 2015 Empire State Development NBC s Saturday Night Live shoots opening title sequence in full 1080p HD video with Canon s EOS digital SLR cameras Shoot November 11 2009 Retrieved November 16 2009 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 39 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 41 Sawalich William February 23 2010 Mary Ellen Matthews It s Saturday Night Digital Photo Pro Archived from the original on January 11 2014 Retrieved April 19 2011 a b Sawalich William February 23 2010 Mary Ellen Matthews It s Saturday Night Digital Photo Pro Retrieved April 19 2011 WNBC TV Schedule Steinberg Brian January 13 2018 Sam Rockwell Drops Surprise F Bomb on SNL Variety Retrieved February 23 2019 Schneider Michael NBC Brings Saturday Night Live to Saturday Primetime TV Guide Retrieved January 2 2022 Romano Allison October 25 2002 Comedy Central Goes Mad Broadcasting amp Cable Retrieved January 2 2022 Classic Saturday Night Live Episodes Now Airing on VH1 VH1 September 27 2010 Archived from the original on November 20 2011 Retrieved April 30 2011 SNL to Air Live in All Time Zones for First Time Ever The Daily Beast March 16 2017 Retrieved March 16 2017 Petski Denise Saturday Night Live To Continue Airing Live Coast To Coast Deadline com Hollywood September 19 2017 Retrieved September 23 2017 Steinberg Brian May 8 2021 Elon Musk s SNL Debut Will Get Global YouTube Live Stream Variety Retrieved May 8 2021 Saturday Night Live TV Series Rosanna Arquette Ric Ocasek 1986 Trivia IMDb Retrieved January 23 2017 Scorecard Fight Club Sports Illustrated Vault February 26 2001 Archived from the original on September 9 2010 Retrieved January 2 2022 SNL fans ticked off after show is delayed by college football game New York Post November 8 2020 a b c Saturday Night Live s International Siblings jezebel June 11 2011 Retrieved January 8 2022 Saturday Night Live Ohjelmat MTV fi mtv Retrieved January 6 2015 RTL Samstag Nacht TV Series 1993 1998 IMDb November 6 1993 Retrieved April 21 2018 OSN OSN October 15 2011 Retrieved October 23 2011 Schedule for Comedy Central Comedy Central Schedule playing on Tue Dec 08 Tuesday 08 December burrp TV Guide Archived from the original on December 8 2015 Retrieved November 28 2015 SNL Italy Tv mediaset it July 6 2011 Archived from the original on August 16 2011 Retrieved August 6 2011 Choi EunHwa November 22 2011 Saturday Night Live Korea to Start Airing on December 3 enewsWorld CJ E amp M Archived from the original on January 28 2013 Retrieved March 9 2013 Noh Hyun gi November 27 2011 Live from Seoul It s Saturday Night Korea Times Retrieved March 9 2013 김주혁 lt SNL KOREA gt 코믹 화보 폭소 작렬 이런 모습 처음이야 JK Star News in Korean November 28 2011 Retrieved November 23 2012 tvN 장진 감독 한국판 새터데이 나이트 라이브 제작 합심 Boom Seoul in Korean November 9 2011 Archived from the original on April 26 2012 Retrieved November 23 2012 SNL Japan Axiommagazine jp June 5 2011 Retrieved August 6 2011 Angelo Megan June 4 2011 Saturday Night Live JPN Businessinsider com Retrieved August 6 2011 Live from Tokyo it s Saturday Night japantimes co jp July 8 2011 Retrieved February 5 2015 TV Vecher Shou Otkuda teleprodyusery znayut chto nuzhno zritelyu RBC Daily September 20 2013 Borodina Arina September 25 2013 Vanga snova vernulas v televizor RIA Novosti Petrovskaya Irina September 27 2013 Iskusstvo delat bolshoe delo Novaya Gazeta Sobolewski Samantha May 8 2013 Saturday Night Live gets Canadian treatment The Loop Kelly Brendan May 13 2014 SNL Quebec is returning for a second season Montreal Gazette Retrieved December 12 2014 SNL Quebec victime des compressions a Tele Quebec Radio Canada March 3 2015 Radio Canada repeche les comediens de SNL Quebec La Presse April 9 2015 Pierwszy odcinek polskiego Saturday Night Live nie zachwycil opinie www wirtualnemedia pl Polskie Saturday Night Live jednak mocno rozczarowuje December 12 2017 Obejrzalem 2 odcinek SNL Polska ale sie nie usmialem mobiRANK pl December 9 2017 Karolak zafundowal widzom jazde bez trzymanki SNL Polska sie rozkreca December 9 2017 SNL Polska Weekend Update od 27 pazdziernika w Showmax dzien pozniej w Telewizji WP October 23 2018 Showmax wycofuje sie z Polski Naspers sprzeda serwis December 12 2018 White Peter December 10 2021 Saturday 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Maps of the U S Cultural Divide The New York Times Berman Judy October 5 2020 Can We Joke About the President Having COVID 19 Late Night Comedy Can t Decide Time Retrieved November 28 2020 Valby Karen October 18 2020 Saturday Night Live Has a Jim Carrey Problem Vanity Fair Retrieved November 28 2020 Cavna Michael October 30 2020 Why Jim Carrey s Biden impersonation on SNL isn t quite catching on Washington Post Retrieved November 28 2020 Ali Lorraine November 12 2020 Commentary Joe Biden won the election but Jim Carrey s impression of him is SNL fans loss Los Angeles Times Retrieved November 28 2020 Harris Aisha with Tobin Low The Meaning Of SNL in 2020 National Public Radio Retrieved November 28 2020 Saturday Night Live Emmy Awards Nominations and Wins emmys com Retrieved October 11 2022 Writers Guild Awards Writers Guild of America Awards Writers Guild of America West Archived from the original on May 3 2012 Retrieved June 15 2022 George Foster Peabody award winners PDF National Association of Broadcasters Archived from the original PDF on July 26 2011 Retrieved November 23 2009 With 13 Additional Emmy Nominations Saturday Night Live Breaks Record as Most Nominated Show in Awards Program s History TVWeek Archived from the original on March 4 2014 Retrieved November 6 2010 Itzkoff Dave July 8 2010 Saturday Night Live Breaks an Emmy Record and Lorne Michaels Is Cool With That The New York Times url https www emmys com shows saturday night live access date October 11 2022 work emmys com Beachum Chris September 17 2017 Saturday Night Live wins 4 more Emmys Sunday extends mind blowing Emmy series record for wins to 64 Gold Derby Retrieved September 17 2017 Fitzpatrick John November 5 2008 The SNL Effect Saturday Night Live Political Skits Make Real Impact on Voters Reuters Thomson Reuters Archived from the original on February 28 2014 Retrieved August 29 2013 Kingkade Tyler September 25 2012 Saturday Night Live Political Skits May Sway The Presidential Election Academics Argue HuffPost Archived from the original on March 2 2014 Retrieved August 29 2013 a b c Miller James Andrew Shales Tom August 20 2014 SNL Political Secrets Revealed Hillary s Entitlement the Sketch Obama Killed and the Show s Karl Rove The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on October 20 2014 Retrieved January 8 2022 Patten Dominic May 2 2012 No SNL For Mitt Romney This Season Says Lorne Michaels Deadline Hollywood Retrieved January 2 2022 2 41 November 7 2015 NBC Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Retrieved October 4 2020 de Moraes Lisa November 5 2015 Donald Trump On SNL Latino PAC Offers Reward To Disrupt Broadcast Deadline Retrieved October 6 2020 Tapper Jake October 13 2002 Sin Salon Retrieved June 19 2015 Murray Noel March 7 2006 Inventory Ten Memorable Saturday Night Live Musical Moments A V Club The Onion Retrieved January 22 2015 Ashlee Simpson takes SNL lip sync blame Today NBC News October 28 2004 Retrieved June 19 2015 a b Kilkenny Katie October 5 2018 SNL Awkwafina to Become First Asian Woman to Host in 18 Years The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved September 15 2019 Alexander Brenda June 6 2020 Chris Rock Left SNL For In Living Color Over Frustrations With Stereotypical Material Showbiz CheatSheet Retrieved July 20 2021 Gennis Sadie October 14 2013 Kenan Thompson Blames SNL s Diversity Issue on Lack of Talented Black Comediennes TV Guide Retrieved January 3 2020 Kerry Coddett November 8 2013 The Real Problem With SNL and Casting Black Women The Atlantic Retrieved January 3 2020 Jeffries Michael P September 7 2017 The Remarkable Rise of Tiffany Haddish The Atlantic Retrieved December 9 2019 Weisman Aly SNL s Kenan Thompson Refuses To Dress In Drag Until The Show Hires A Black Woman Business Insider Retrieved March 5 2019 16 Times Women Changed the Game on Saturday Night Live Glamour June 27 2018 Retrieved March 5 2019 a b Liu Jennifer September 17 2019 Before his historic promotion to the SNL stage Bowen Yang was voted most likely to be a cast member on Saturday Night Live in high school CNBC Retrieved September 19 2019 a b c Coleman Nancy September 12 2019 S N L Has Long Lacked Asian Players One Just Joined the Cast The New York Times Retrieved September 15 2019 Pfefferman Naomi January 12 2009 InterfaithFamily com InterfaithFamily Retrieved October 4 2012 Chan Tim September 16 2019 SNL Hired Bowen Yang But It Still Has a Diversity Problem Rolling Stone Retrieved September 17 2019 Shales amp Miller 2002 p 316 Miller Liz Shannon March 19 2018 Saturday Night Live Alec Baldwin Says There Have Been Many Gay Male Cast Members They Just Weren t Out Indiewire Retrieved September 16 2019 Sherman Phillip 1994 Bernstein Samuel ed Uncommon Heroes A Celebration of Heroes and Role Models for Gay and Lesbian Americans Fletcher Press Milhiser John JohnMilhiser March 16 2018 Hey thedailybeast I m pretty sure that I was out and proud as a gay man when I was an SNL cast member for a hot sec 2nd after Terry There should be more though Go see lovesimonmovie Tweet Retrieved March 23 2018 via Twitter Pierce Robbie X August 22 2016 A Brief LGBT History of Saturday Night Live The Advocate Here Media Retrieved March 23 2018 Yurcaba Jo September 15 2022 Saturday Night Live announces its first nonbinary cast member NBC News Retrieved September 15 2022 Evans Greg October 2 2016 SNL Surprise Newcomers Mikey Day Alex Moffat amp Melissa Villasenor Actually Make Good Strong Impressions Deadline Retrieved August 6 2021 Romero Dennis September 12 2016 SNL Hires its First Latina Cast Member and She s From L A LA Weekly Retrieved August 6 2021 Villafane Veronica September 30 2016 SNL Starts New Season With Debut Of First Latina Cast Member Latino Writer And Lin Manuel Miranda Forbes Retrieved August 6 2021 Sims David September 13 2019 Saturday Night Live Made a Mistake Hiring Shane Gillis The Atlantic Retrieved September 13 2019 Ho Vivian September 13 2019 SNL adds first Asian cast member while another is under fire over anti Asian slur The Guardian Retrieved September 13 2019 New SNL cast member Shane Gillis responds after video of racist slur resurfaces Los Angeles Times September 12 2019 Retrieved September 13 2019 Wright Megh September 13 2019 New SNL Hire Shane Gillis Has a History of Racist and Homophobic Remarks Vulture Retrieved September 13 2014 Thorne Will Low Elaine September 13 2019 New SNL Cast Member Shane Gillis Uses Racist Sexist Homophobic Remarks in Resurfaced Material Variety Retrieved September 13 2019 a b Lewis Sophie September 13 2019 New SNL cast member Shane Gillis exposed in videos using racist and homophobic slurs CBS News Retrieved September 13 2019 Abad Santos Alex September 13 2019 Racist jokes by new SNL cast member Shane Gillis prompt backlash and a non apology about risks Vox Retrieved September 13 2019 Herreria Carla September 13 2019 New SNL Cast Member Spews Racist Asian Jokes Slur In Resurfaced Video HuffPost Retrieved September 13 2019 Avery Dan March 16 2018 Why Does Saturday Night Live Have A Problem Casting Gay Men NewNowNext Retrieved September 15 2019 Beatts amp Head 1977 Eric Idle Books from dailyllama com Hill amp Weingrad 1986 Cader 1994 Fretts Bruce October 7 1994 Book Review Saturday Night Live The First Twenty Years Entertainment Weekly Retrieved April 30 2011 Shales amp Miller 2002 O Sullivan William January 4 2003 Live From New York An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live Definitive record of an enduring creative work Washingtonian Archived from the original on May 21 2011 Retrieved April 30 2011 Mohr 2004 Ryan Mike February 26 2009 SNL s Bobby Moynihan Discusses Working with Beyonce Justin Timberlake James Franco And More Starpulse Archived from the original on March 1 2014 Retrieved January 26 2012 The Blues Brothers Box Office Mojo Internet Movie Database Retrieved December 16 2008 Script Review THE SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE MOVIE from filmbuffonline com Live From New York It s the Worst Movies From the Cast of SNL 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Super Bowl Ad Reunion Watch Billboard February 3 2021 Retrieved February 9 2021 Stein Joel April 17 2006 Straight Outta Narnia Time Archived from the original on June 14 2006 Retrieved January 2 2022 2007 Emmy Winners the Complete List Daily News New York September 17 2007 Retrieved January 8 2022 Kaufman Gil December 10 2008 SNL Star Andy Samberg Recruits T Pain Justin Timberlake Norah Jones for New Album MTV News Retrieved January 8 2022 NBC s Saturday Night Live www discogs com Retrieved December 23 2018 Lowry Brian February 16 2015 TV Review Saturday Night Live s 40th Exhibits Middle Aged Bloat Variety a b Veroni 2014 Steinmetz Katy September 7 2011 Schweddy Balls Ben amp Jerry s Newest Vermont Export Time Retrieved February 21 2012 O Connell Michael October 20 2011 Ben and Jerry s Saturday Night Live Flavor Schweddy Balls Not Welcome in Some Stores The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved January 8 2021 a b Netburn Deborah September 23 2011 Is Ben amp Jerry s Schweddy Balls R rated ice cream Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 21 2012 Semigran Aly October 21 2011 Ben amp Jerry s Schweddy Balls not being sold in some stores Have you had a taste yet Entertainment Weekly Retrieved January 8 2022 Kludt Amanda June 19 2014 Ben amp Jerry s Introduces SNL Themed Ice Cream Eater Retrieved December 12 2014 Aiken Kristen September 24 2014 Ben amp Jerry s New SNL Inspired Flavor Is Their Best Yet But You Won t Find It in a Pint HuffPost Retrieved December 1 2021 Introducing Wayne Swirled The Newest SNL Batch Ben amp Jerry February 10 2015 Retrieved February 16 2015 Bibliography Edit Beatts Anne Head John eds 1977 Saturday Night Live New York Avon Books ISBN 978 0 380 01801 7 Cader Michael 1994 Saturday Night Live The First Twenty Years Boston Houghton Mifflin ISBN 978 0 395 70895 8 Gates Racquel 2013 Bringing the Black Eddie Murphy and African American Humor on Saturday Night Live In Marx Nick Sienkiewicz Matt Becker Ron eds Saturday Night Live and American TV Bloomington Indiana Indiana University Press pp 151 172 ISBN 978 0 253 01090 2 JSTOR j ctt16gznsz 12 Hammill Geoffrey 2004 Saturday Night Live In Newcomb Horace ed Encyclopedia of Television Vol 1 2nd ed New York Fitzroy Dearborn published 2014 pp 2008 2014 ISBN 978 1 135 19479 6 Hill Doug Weingrad Jeff 1986 Saturday Night A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live New York Beech Tree Books ISBN 978 0 688 05099 3 Marx Nick Sienkiewicz Matt Becker Ron 2013 Introduction Situating Saturday Night Live in American Television Culture In Marx Nick Sienkiewicz Matt Becker Ron eds Saturday Night Live and American TV Bloomington Indiana Indiana University Press pp 1 21 ISBN 978 0 253 01090 2 JSTOR j ctt16gznsz 4 Mohr Jay 2004 Gasping for Airtime Two Years in the Trenches of Saturday Night Live New York Hyperion Books ISBN 978 1 4013 0006 7 Shales Tom Miller James Andrew 2002 Live from New York An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live New York Hachette Book Group ISBN 978 0 316 73565 0 Tropiano Stephen 2013 Saturday Night Live FAQ New York Applause Books Veroni Clive 2014 Spin How Politics Has the Power to Turn Marketing on Its Head Toronto House of Anansi Press ISBN 978 1 77089 318 4 Further reading EditDavis Tom 2009 Thirty Nine Years of Short Term Memory Loss The Early Days of SNL from Someone Who Was There New York Grove Press ISBN 978 0 8021 1880 6 Streeter Michael 2005 Nothing Lost Forever The Films of Tom Schiller New York BearManor Media ISBN 978 1 59393 032 5 Whalley Jim 2010 Saturday Night Live Hollywood Comedy and American Culture From Chevy Chase to Tina Fey New York Palgrave Macmillan doi 10 1057 9780230107946 ISBN 978 0 230 10794 6 Ex SNL Star Darrell Hammond on His Shocking Drug Past I Had the Brilliant Idea I Should Try Crack E News October 24 2011 Retrieved October 24 2011 Goldberg Lesley Abramovitch Seth January 7 2014 Saturday Night Live Adds First African American Female in Five Years The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on January 7 2014 Retrieved January 7 2013 Andreeva Nellie January 6 2013 Sasheer Zamata Joins Saturday Night Live As New Cast Member Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on January 7 2014 Retrieved January 7 2013 SNL undergoing another generational shift The Arizona Republic February 4 2006 Archived from the original on January 9 2012 Retrieved January 9 2012 External links EditSaturday Night Live at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata Official website Saturday Night Live at Curlie Saturday Night Live at IMDb Official Broadway Video webpage Saturday Night Live video archive at Yahoo Screen Saturday Night Live at The Interviews An Oral History of Television Portals Comedy Television United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Saturday Night Live amp oldid 1144203171, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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