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Wikipedia

Broadway theatre

March 06, 2023

This article is about the type of theatre. For the individual theatre, see Broadway Theatre (53rd Street). For other uses, see Broadway Theatre (disambiguation).

Broadway theatre,[nb 1] or Broadway, are the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres, each with 500 or more seats, located in the Theater District and the Lincoln Center along Broadway, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.[1][2] Broadway and London's West End together represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world.[3]

While the thoroughfare is eponymous with the district and its collection of 41 theaters, and it is also closely identified with Times Square, only three of the theaters are located on Broadway itself (namely the Broadway Theatre, the Palace Theatre, and the Winter Garden Theatre). The rest are located on the numbered cross streets extending from the Nederlander Theatre one block south of Times Square on West 41st Street, north along either side of Broadway to 53rd Street, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, at Lincoln Center on West 65th street. While exceptions exist, the term "Broadway theatre" is generally reserved for venues with a seating capacity of at least 500 people. Smaller theaters in New York are referred to as off-Broadway (regardless of location), while very small venues (with fewer than 100 seats) are called off-off-Broadway, a term that can also apply to non-commercial or avant-garde theater, or productions held outside of traditional theater venues.[4]

The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City. According to The Broadway League, for the 2018–2019 season (which ended May 26, 2019) total attendance was 14,768,254 and Broadway shows had US$1,829,312,140 in grosses, with attendance up 9.5%, grosses up 10.3%, and playing weeks up 9.3%.[5] The Museum of Broadway on West 45th Street, opened to the public on November 15, 2022, became the first museum to document the history and experience of Broadway theatre and its profound influence upon shaping Midtown Manhattan and Times Square.

Most Broadway shows are musicals. Historian Martin Shefter argues that "'Broadway musicals', culminating in the productions of Rodgers and Hammerstein, became enormously influential forms of American popular culture" and contributed to making New York City the cultural capital of the world."[6]

History

Early theatre in New York

 
Interior of the Park Theatre, built in 1798

New York's first significant theatre presence arose about 1750, when actor-managers Walter Murray and Thomas Kean established a resident theatre company at the Theatre on Nassau Street, which held about 280 people. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggar's Opera.[7] In 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia, and opened with The Merchant of Venice and The Anatomist. The company moved to New York in 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the year the 2,000-seat Park Theatre was built on Chatham Street (now called Park Row).[7] The Bowery Theatre opened in 1826,[8] followed by others.

By the 1840s, P.T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in Lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblo's Garden opened and soon became one of New York's premier nightspots. The 3,000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmo's Opera House opened and presented opera for only four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burton's Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847. A riot broke out in 1849 when the lower-class patrons of the Bowery Theatre objected to what they perceived as snobbery by the upper-class audiences at Astor Place: "After the Astor Place Riot of 1849, entertainment in New York City was divided along class lines: opera was chiefly for the upper-middle and upper classes, minstrel shows and melodramas for the middle-class, variety shows in concert saloons for men of the working class and the slumming middle-class."[9]

The plays of William Shakespeare were frequently performed on the Broadway stage during the period, most notably by American actor Edwin Booth who was internationally known for his performance as Hamlet. Booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865 (with the run ending just a few months before Booth's brother John Wilkes Booth assassinated Abraham Lincoln), and would later revive the role at his own Booth's Theatre (which was managed for a time by his brother Junius Brutus Booth, Jr.). Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, and Charles Fechter.

Birth of the musical and post-Civil War

Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown Manhattan, beginning around 1850, seeking less expensive real estate. At the beginning of the 19th century, the area that now comprises the Theater District was owned by a handful of families and comprised a few farms. In 1836, Mayor Cornelius Lawrence opened 42nd Street and invited Manhattanites to "enjoy the pure clean air."[10] Close to 60 years later, theatrical entrepreneur Oscar Hammerstein I built the iconic Victoria Theater on West 42nd Street.[10]

Broadway's first "long-run" musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857. In 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Theatres arrived in the Times Square area in the early 1900s, and the Broadway theatres consolidated there after a large number were built around the square in the 1920s and 1930s. New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London,[11] but Laura Keene's "musical burletta" The Seven Sisters (1860) shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keene's troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, D.C. that Abraham Lincoln was shot.

 
The Black Crook (1866), considered by some historians to be the first musical.[12] Poster for the 1873 revival by The Kiralfy Brothers.

The first theatre piece that conforms to the modern conception of a musical, adding dance and original music that helped to tell the story, is considered to be The Black Crook, which premiered in New York on September 12, 1866. The production was five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a "musical comedy".[12]

Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 (The Mulligan Guard Picnic) and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. These musical comedies featured characters and situations taken from the everyday life of New York's lower classes and represented a significant step forward from vaudeville and burlesque, towards a more literate form. They starred high-quality professional singers (Lillian Russell, Vivienne Segal, and Fay Templeton), instead of the amateurs, often sex workers, who had starred in earlier musical forms.

As transportation improved, poverty in New York diminished, and street lighting made for safer travel at night, the number of potential patrons for the growing number of theatres increased enormously. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits and improved production values. As in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women. Gilbert and Sullivan's family-friendly comic opera hits, beginning with H.M.S. Pinafore in 1878, were imported to New York (by the authors and also in numerous unlicensed productions). They were imitated in New York by American productions such as Reginald Dekoven's Robin Hood (1891) and John Philip Sousa's El Capitan (1896), along with operas, ballets, and other British and European hits.

 
Sheet music to "Give My Regards to Broadway"

Charles H. Hoyt's A Trip to Chinatown (1891) became Broadway's long-run champion when it surpassed Adonis and its 603 total performances in 1893, holding the stage for 657 performances. Chinatown itself was surpassed by the musical Irene (1919) in 1921 as the longest-running Broadway musical, and even earlier, in March 1920, by Lightnin' (1918) as the longest-running Broadway show. In 1896, theatre owners Marc Klaw and A. L. Erlanger formed the Theatrical Syndicate, which controlled almost every legitimate theatre in the U.S. for the next sixteen years.[13] However, smaller vaudeville and variety houses proliferated, and Off-Broadway was well established by the end of the 19th century.

A Trip to Coontown (1898) was the first musical comedy entirely produced and performed by African Americans in a Broadway theatre (largely inspired by the routines of the minstrel shows), followed by the ragtime-tinged Clorindy: The Origin of the Cakewalk (1898), and the highly successful In Dahomey (1902). Hundreds of musical comedies were staged on Broadway in the 1890s and early 1900s made up of songs written in New York's Tin Pan Alley involving composers such as Gus Edwards, John Walter Bratton, and George M. Cohan (Little Johnny Jones (1904), 45 Minutes From Broadway (1906), and George Washington Jr. (1906)). Still, New York runs continued to be relatively short, with a few exceptions, compared with London runs, until World War I.[11] A few very successful British musicals continued to achieve great success in New York, including Florodora in 1900–01.

Early 20th century

 
Victor Herbert

In the early years of 20th century, translations of popular late-19th century continental operettas were joined by the "Princess Theatre" shows of the 1910s, by writers such as P. G. Wodehouse, Guy Bolton, and Harry B. Smith. Victor Herbert, whose work included some intimate musical plays with modern settings as well as his string of famous operettas (The Fortune Teller (1898), Babes in Toyland (1903), Mlle. Modiste (1905), The Red Mill (1906), and Naughty Marietta (1910)).[14]

Beginning with The Red Mill, Broadway shows installed electric signs outside the theatres. Since colored bulbs burned out too quickly, white lights were used, and Broadway was nicknamed "The Great White Way". In August 1919, the Actors' Equity Association demanded a standard contract for all professional productions. After a strike shut down all the theatres, the producers were forced to agree. By the 1920s, the Shubert Brothers had risen to take over the majority of the theatres from the Erlanger syndicate.[15]

During this time, the play Lightnin' by Winchell Smith and Frank Bacon became the first Broadway show to reach 700 performances. From then, it would go on to become the first show to reach 1,000 performances. Lightnin' was the longest-running Broadway show until being overtaken in performance totals by Abie's Irish Rose in 1925.

Competing with motion pictures

 
Broadway north from 38th St., New York City, showing the Casino and Knickerbocker Theatres ("Listen, Lester", visible at lower right, played the Knickerbocker from December 23, 1918, to August 16, 1919), a sign pointing to Maxine Elliott's Theatre, which is out of view on 39th Street, and a sign advertising the Winter Garden Theatre, which is out of view at 50th Street. All but the Winter Garden are demolished. The old Metropolitan Opera House and the old Times Tower are visible on the left.

The motion picture mounted a challenge to the stage. At first, films were silent and presented only limited competition. By the end of the 1920s, films like The Jazz Singer were presented with synchronized sound, and critics wondered if the cinema would replace live theatre altogether. While live vaudeville could not compete with these inexpensive films that featured vaudeville stars and major comedians of the day, other theatres survived. The musicals of the Roaring Twenties, borrowing from vaudeville, music hall, and other light entertainment, tended to ignore plot in favor of emphasizing star actors and actresses, big dance routines, and popular songs. Florenz Ziegfeld produced annual spectacular song-and-dance revues on Broadway featuring extravagant sets and elaborate costumes, but there was little to tie the various numbers together. Typical of the 1920s were lighthearted productions such as Sally; Lady Be Good; Sunny; No, No, Nanette; Harlem; Oh, Kay!; and Funny Face. Their books may have been forgettable, but they produced enduring standards from George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, and Rodgers and Hart, among others, and Noël Coward, Sigmund Romberg, and Rudolf Friml continued in the vein of Victor Herbert. Live theatre has survived the invention of cinema.

Between the wars

Leaving these comparatively frivolous entertainments behind and taking the drama a step forward, Show Boat premiered on December 27, 1927, at the Ziegfeld Theatre. It represented a complete integration of book and score, with dramatic themes, as told through the music, dialogue, setting, and movement, woven together more seamlessly than in previous musicals. It ran for 572 performances.[16]

Ina ClairePaul McCulloughBobby ClarkGeorge M. CohanAnn PenningtonHassard ShortRichard BennettMarilyn MillerW. C. FieldsMadge KennedyFanny BriceRaymond HitchcockBillie BurkeFlorenz Ziegfeld Jr.Groucho MarxHarpo MarxLenore UlricEd WynnEddie CantorAl JolsonRalph Barton 
This February 21, 1925 Judge magazine cover by Ralph Barton features caricatures of various movie and theater personalities from the 1920s; click on a caricature to be taken to the corresponding person's Wikipedia article.

The 1920s also spawned a new age of American playwright with the emergence of Eugene O'Neill, whose plays Beyond the Horizon, Anna Christie, The Hairy Ape, Strange Interlude, and Mourning Becomes Electra proved that there was an audience for serious drama on Broadway, and O'Neill's success paved the way for major dramatists like Elmer Rice, Maxwell Anderson, Robert E. Sherwood, Clifford Odets, Tennessee Williams, and Arthur Miller, as well as writers of comedy like George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart. Classical revivals also proved popular with Broadway theatre-goers, notably John Barrymore in Hamlet and Richard III, John Gielgud in Hamlet, The Importance of Being Earnest and Much Ado About Nothing, Walter Hampden and José Ferrer in Cyrano de Bergerac, Paul Robeson and Ferrer in Othello, Maurice Evans in Richard II and the plays of George Bernard Shaw, and Katharine Cornell in such plays as Romeo and Juliet, Antony and Cleopatra, and Candida.

As World War II approached, a dozen Broadway dramas addressed the rise of Nazism in Europe and the issue of American non-intervention. The most successful was Lillian Hellman's Watch on the Rhine, which opened in April 1941.[17]

Post-War era

After the lean years of the Great Depression, Broadway theatre had entered a golden age with the blockbuster hit Oklahoma!, in 1943, which ran for 2,212 performances. According to John Kenrick's writings on Broadway musicals, "Every season saw new stage musicals send songs to the top of the charts. Public demand, a booming economy and abundant creative talent kept Broadway hopping. To this day, the shows of the 1950s form the core of the musical theatre repertory."[18]

Decline in late 1960s

Kenrick notes that "the late 1960s marked a time of cultural upheaval. All those changes would prove painful for many, including those behind the scenes, as well as those in the audience."[19] Of the 1970s, Kenrick writes: "Just when it seemed that traditional book musicals were back in style, the decade ended with critics and audiences giving mixed signals."[20]

Ken Bloom observed that "The 1960s and 1970s saw a worsening of the area [Times Square] and a drop in the number of legitimate shows produced on Broadway."[21] By way of comparison, in the 1950 to 1951 season (May to May) 94 productions opened on Broadway; in the 1969 to 1970 season (June to May) there were 59 productions (fifteen were revivals).[22][23] In the twenties, there were 70–80 theaters, but by 1969, there were 36 left.[24]

Resurgence in early 1980s

In early 1982, Joe Papp, the theatrical producer and director who established The Public Theater, led the "Save the Theatres" campaign.[25] It was a not-for-profit group supported by the Actors Equity union to save the theater buildings in the neighborhood from demolition by monied Manhattan development interests.[26][27][28][29] Papp provided resources, recruited a publicist and celebrated actors, and provided audio, lighting, and technical crews for the effort.[27]

At Papp's behest, in July 1982, a bill was introduced in the 97th Congress, entitled "H.R.6885, A bill to designate the Broadway/Times Square Theatre District in the City of New York as a national historic site".[30] The legislation would have provided certain U.S. government resources and assistance to help the city preserve the district.[30] Faced with strong opposition and lobbying by Mayor Ed Koch's Administration and corporate Manhattan development interests, the bill was not passed. The Save the Theatres campaign then turned their efforts to supporting the establishment of the Theater District as a registered historic district.[31][32] In December 1983, Save the Theatres prepared "The Broadway Theater District, a Preservation Development and Management Plan", and demanded that each theater in the district receive landmark designation.[32] Mayor Ed Koch ultimately reacted by creating a Theater Advisory Council, which included Papp.[27]

COVID-19 impacts

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Broadway theaters closed on March 12, 2020, shuttering 16 shows that were playing or were in the process of opening. The Broadway League shutdown was extended first to April, then to May, then June, then September 2020 and January 2021,[33] and later to June 1, 2021.[34] Then-governor Andrew Cuomo announced that most sectors of New York would have their restrictions lifted on May 19, 2021, but he stated that Broadway theatres would not be able to immediately resume performances on this date due to logistical reasons. In May 2021, Cuomo announced that Broadway theaters would be allowed to reopen on September 14, and the League confirmed that performances would begin to resume in the fall season.[35]

Springsteen on Broadway became the first full-length show to resume performances, opening on June 26, 2021, to 1,721 vaccinated patrons at the St. James Theatre.[36] Pass Over then had its first preview on August 4, and opened on August 22, 2021, becoming the first new play to open.[37][38] Hadestown and Waitress were the first musicals to resume performances on September 2, 2021.[39] The 74th Tony Awards were also postponed; the Tony nominations were announced on October 15, 2020,[40] and took place on September 26, 2021.[41] On July 30, 2021, it was announced that all Broadway theaters required attendees to provide proof of full COVID-19 vaccination. The rule applied to guests ages 12+. Those under age 12 were required to provide a negative COVID-19 test (PCR within 72 hours or antigen within six hours of the performance start time). Beginning November 8, those ages 5-11 also had the option to provide proof of at least one vaccination shot. Effective December 14, in accordance with NYC's vaccination mandate, guests ages 5-11 were required to have at least one vaccination shot until January 29, 2022, where they had to be fully vaccinated.[42] The vaccine mandate lasted until April 30,[43][44] and attendees were also required to wear face masks until July 1.[45]

During the COVID-19 shutdown, the Shubert Organization, the Nederlander Organization, and Jujamcyn had pledged to increase racial and cultural diversity in their theaters, including naming at least one theater for a Black theatrical personality.[46] The August Wilson Theatre, owned by Jujamcyn, had been renamed after Black playwright August Wilson in 2005.[47] The Shuberts announced in March 2022 that the Cort Theatre, which was under renovation at the time, would be renamed after actor James Earl Jones.[48][49] In June 2022, the Nederlanders announced that the Brooks Atkinson Theatre would be renamed after Lena Horne,[50][51][47] The James Earl Jones Theatre was rededicated in September 2022,[52] while the Lena Horne Theatre was rededicated that November.[53]

Description

Schedule

Although there are some exceptions, shows with open-ended runs generally have evening performances Tuesday through Saturday, with a 7:00 p.m. or 8:00 p.m. "curtain". The afternoon "matinée" performances are at 2:00 p.m. on Wednesdays and Saturdays and at 3:00 p.m. on Sundays. This makes for an eight-performance week. On this schedule, most shows do not play on Monday and the shows and theatres are said to be "dark" on that day.[54][55] The actors and the crew in these shows tend to regard Sunday evening through Monday evening as their weekend. The Tony award presentation ceremony is usually held on a Sunday evening in June to fit this schedule.

In recent years, some shows have moved their Tuesday show time an hour earlier to 7:00 pm.[54] The rationale for this move was that since fewer tourists take in shows midweek, Tuesday attendance depends more on local patrons. The earlier curtain makes it possible for suburban patrons to get home by a reasonable hour after the show. Some shows, especially those produced by Disney, change their performance schedules fairly frequently depending on the season. This is done in order to maximize access to their target audience.

Producers and theatre owners

Most Broadway producers and theatre owners are members of The Broadway League (formerly "The League of American Theatres and Producers"), a trade organization that promotes Broadway theatre as a whole, negotiates contracts with the various theatrical unions and agreements with the guilds, and co-administers the Tony Awards with the American Theatre Wing, a service organization. While the League and the theatrical unions are sometimes at loggerheads during those periods when new contracts are being negotiated, they also cooperate on many projects and events designed to promote professional theatre in New York.

Of the four non-profit theatre companies with Broadway theatres, all four (Lincoln Center Theater, Manhattan Theatre Club, Roundabout Theatre Company, and Second Stage Theatre) belong to the League of Resident Theatres and have contracts with the theatrical unions which are negotiated separately from the other Broadway theatre and producers. (Disney also negotiates apart from the League, as did Livent before it closed down its operations.)

The majority of Broadway theatres are owned or managed by three organizations: the Shubert Organization, a for-profit arm of the non-profit Shubert Foundation, which owns seventeen theatres; the Nederlander Organization, which controls nine theatres; and Jujamcyn, which owns five Broadway houses.

Personnel

Both musicals and stage-plays on Broadway often rely on casting well-known performers in leading roles to draw larger audiences or bring in new audience members to the theatre. Actors from movies and television are frequently cast for the revivals of Broadway shows or are used to replace actors leaving a cast. There are still, however, performers who are primarily stage actors, spending most of their time "on the boards", and appearing in television and screen roles only secondarily. As Patrick Healy of The New York Times noted:

Broadway once had many homegrown stars who committed to working on a show for a year, as Nathan Lane has for The Addams Family. In 2010, some theater heavyweights like Mr. Lane were not even nominated; instead, several Tony Awards were given for productions that were always intended to be short-timers on Broadway, given that many of their film-star performers had to move on to other commitments.[56]

According to Mark Shenton, "One of the biggest changes to the commercial theatrical landscape—on both sides of the Atlantic—over the past decade or so is that sightings of big star names turning out to do plays has [sic] gone up; but the runs they are prepared to commit to has gone down. Time was that a producer would require a minimum commitment from his star of six months, and perhaps a year; now, the 13-week run is the norm."[57]

The minimum size of the Broadway orchestra is governed by an agreement with the musicians' union (Local 802, American Federation of Musicians) and The Broadway League. For example, the agreement specifies the minimum size of the orchestra at the Minskoff Theatre to be 18, while at the Music Box Theatre it is 9.[58]

Runs

See also: List of the longest-running Broadway shows

Most Broadway shows are commercial productions intended to make a profit for the producers and investors ("backers" or "angels"), and therefore have open-ended runs (duration that the production plays), meaning that the length of their presentation is not set beforehand, but depends on critical response, word of mouth, and the effectiveness of the show's advertising, all of which determine ticket sales. Investing in a commercial production carries a varied degree of financial risk. Shows need not make a profit immediately; should they make their "nut" (weekly operating expenses), or lose money at a rate acceptable to the producers, they may continue to run in the expectation that, eventually, they will pay back their initial costs and become profitable. In some borderline situations, producers may ask that royalties be temporarily reduced or waived, or even that performers—with the permission of their unions—take reduced salaries, to prevent a show from closing. Theatre owners, who are not generally profit participants in most productions, may waive or reduce rents, or even lend money to a show to keep it running.

Some Broadway shows are produced by non-commercial organizations as part of a regular subscription season—Lincoln Center Theatre, Roundabout Theatre Company, Manhattan Theatre Club, and Second Stage Theater are the four non-profit theatre companies that currently have permanent Broadway venues. Some other productions are produced on Broadway with "limited engagement runs" for several reasons, including financial issues, prior engagements of the performers, or temporary availability of a theatre between the end of one production and the beginning of another. However, some shows with planned limited engagement runs may, after critical acclaim or box office success, extend their engagements or convert to open-ended runs. This was the case with 2007's August: Osage County, 2009's God of Carnage, 2012's Newsies, and 2022's Take Me Out.[59]

Historically, musicals on Broadway tend to have longer runs than "straight" (i.e., non-musical) plays. On January 9, 2006, The Phantom of the Opera at the Majestic Theatre became the longest-running Broadway musical, with 7,486 performances, overtaking Cats.[60] The Phantom of the Opera is scheduled to close on April 16, 2023, soon after celebrating its 35th anniversary.[61]

Audience

Attending a Broadway show is a common tourist activity in New York. The TKTS booths sell same-day tickets (and in certain cases, next-day matinee tickets) for many Broadway and Off-Broadway shows at a discount of 20 to 50%.[62] The TKTS booths are located in Times Square, in Lower Manhattan, and at Lincoln Center. This service is run by Theatre Development Fund. Many Broadway theatres also offer special student rates, same-day "rush" or "lottery" tickets, or standing-room tickets to help ensure that their theatres are as full—and their grosses as high—as possible.[63] According to The Broadway League, total Broadway attendance was 14.77 million in 2018–2019, compared to 13.79 million in 2017–2018.[5] The Broadway League also reports that approximately 66% of all Broadway tickets were purchased by tourists in the 2012–2013 season, an increase of three percent from the 2011–2012 season.[64] By way of comparison, London's West End theatre reported a total attendance of 15.5 million for major commercial and grant-aided theatres in central London for 2018.[65] The average age of the Broadway audience in the 2017–18 theater season was 40, the lowest it had been in nearly two decades.[66]

Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway

Main articles: Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway

The classification of theatres is governed by language in Actors' Equity Association contracts. To be eligible for a Tony, a production must be in a house with 500 seats or more and in the Theater District, which are the criteria that define Broadway theatre. Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway shows often provide a more experimental, challenging, and intimate performance than is possible in the larger Broadway theatres. Some Broadway shows, however, such as the musicals Hair, Little Shop of Horrors, Spring Awakening, Next to Normal, Rent, Avenue Q, In the Heights, Fun Home, Dear Evan Hansen, and Hamilton, began their runs Off-Broadway and later transferred to Broadway, seeking to replicate their intimate experience in a larger theatre. Other productions are first developed through workshops and then out-of-town tryouts before transferring to Broadway. Merrily We Roll Along famously skipped an out-of-town tryout and attempted to do an in-town tryout—actually preview performances—on Broadway before its official opening, with disastrous results.[67][68]

Broadway national tours

After, or even during, successful runs in Broadway theatres, producers often remount their productions with new casts and crew for the Broadway national tour, which travels to theatres in major cities across the country. Sometimes when a show closes on Broadway, the entire production, with most if not all of the original cast intact, is relaunched as a touring company, hence the name "Broadway national tour". Some shows may even have several touring companies out at a time, whether the show is still running in New York or not, with many companies "sitting down" in other major cities for their own extended runs. For Broadway national tours of top-tier cities, the entire Broadway production is transplanted almost entirely intact and may run for many months (or years) at each stop. For example, the first U.S. tour of The Phantom of the Opera required 26 53-foot-long (16.1 m) semi-trailers to transport all its sets, equipment, and costumes, and it took almost 10 days to properly unload all those trucks and install everything into a theater.[69]

Second-tier and smaller cities can also attract national tours, but these are more likely to be "bus and truck" tours.[69] These are scaled-down versions of the larger, national touring productions, historically acquiring their name because the casts generally traveled by bus instead of by air, while the sets and equipment traveled by truck. Tours of this type often run for weeks rather than months, and frequently feature a reduced physical production to accommodate smaller venues and tighter schedules, and to fit into less trucks.[69] A typical second-tier city can usually sell only up to about eight weeks of tickets.[69] For cities smaller than that, a touring production might move twice a week ("split weeks") or every day ("one-nighters").[69] For "bus and truck" tours, the production values are usually less lavish than the typical Broadway national tour or national touring production, and the actors, while still members of the actors' union, are compensated under a different, less lucrative union contract. The Touring Broadway Awards, presented by The Broadway League, honored excellence in touring Broadway.

Awards

Broadway productions and artists are honored by the annual Antoinette Perry Awards (commonly called the "Tony Awards", or "Tonys"), given by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League, and that were first presented in 1947.[70] The Tony is Broadway's most prestigious award, comparable to the Academy Awards for Hollywood film productions. Their importance has increased since 1967 when the awards presentation show began to be broadcast on national television. In a strategy to improve the television ratings, celebrities are often chosen to host the show, some with scant connection to the theatre.[71] The most recent Tony Awards ceremony was held on June 12, 2022. Other awards given to Broadway productions include the Drama Desk Award, presented since 1955, the New York Drama Critics' Circle Awards, first given in 1936, and the Outer Critics Circle Award, initially presented in 1950.

Broadway theatres and current productions

Main article: List of Broadway theaters
  • An * after the opening date indicates that the listed show has not yet opened, but is scheduled to open on the given date at that theatre.
  • An * after the closing date indicates that there is another production scheduled for that theatre.
  • If the next show planned is not announced, the applicable columns are left blank.
  • Capacity is based on the capacity given for the respective theatre at the Internet Broadway Database.[72]
Theatre Address Capacity Owner/Operator Current production Type Opening Closing
Al Hirschfeld Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 302) 1424 Jujamcyn Theaters Moulin Rouge! Musical 2019-07-25July 25, 2019 Open-ended
Ambassador Theatre W. 49th St. (No. 219) 1125 Shubert Organization Chicago Musical 1996-11-14November 14, 1996 Open-ended
American Airlines Theatre W. 42nd St. (No. 227) 740 Roundabout Theatre Company Fat Ham[73] Play 2023-04-12April 12, 2023* 2023-08-06August 6, 2023
August Wilson Theatre W. 52nd St. (No. 245) 1228 Jujamcyn Theaters Funny Girl[74] Musical 2022-04-24April 24, 2022 2023-09-03September 3, 2023
Belasco Theatre W. 44th St. (No. 111) 1018 Shubert Organization Good Night, Oscar[75] Play 2023-04-24April 24, 2023* 2023-08-27August 27, 2023
Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 242) 1078 Shubert Organization Parade[76] Musical 2023-03-16March 16, 2023* 2023-08-06August 6, 2023
Booth Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 222) 766 Shubert Organization Kimberly Akimbo[77] Musical 2022-11-10November 10, 2022 Open-ended
Broadhurst Theatre W. 44th St. (No. 235) 1186 Shubert Organization A Beautiful Noise[78] Musical 2022-12-04December 4, 2022 Open-ended
Broadway Theatre W. 53rd St & Broadway (No. 1681) 1761 Shubert Organization Here Lies Love[79] Musical 2023-07-20July 20, 2023* Open-ended
Circle in the Square Theatre W. 50th St. (No. 235) 840 Independent
Ethel Barrymore Theatre W. 47th St. (No. 243) 1096 Shubert Organization Peter Pan Goes Wrong[80] Play 2023-04-19April 19, 2023* 2023-07-09July 9, 2023
Eugene O'Neill Theatre W. 49th St. (No. 230) 1066 Jujamcyn Theaters The Book of Mormon Musical 2011-03-24March 24, 2011 Open-ended
Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 236) 1079 Shubert Organization Life of Pi[81] Play 2023-03-30March 30, 2023* Open-ended
Gershwin Theatre W. 51st St. (No. 222) 1933 Nederlander Organization Wicked Musical 2003-10-30October 30, 2003 Open-ended
Hayes Theater W. 44th St. (No. 240) 597 Second Stage Theater The Thanksgiving Play[82] Play 2023-04-20April 20, 2023* 2023-06-04June 4, 2023*
Hudson Theatre W. 44th St. (No. 141) 970 Ambassador Theatre Group A Doll's House[83] Play 2023-03-09March 9, 2023* 2023-06-04June 4, 2023
Imperial Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 249) 1443 Shubert Organization Bad Cinderella[84] Musical 2023-03-23March 23, 2023* Open-ended
James Earl Jones Theatre W. 48th St. (No. 138) 1084 Shubert Organization Room[85] Play with Music 2023-04-17April 17, 2023* 2023-09-17September 17, 2023
John Golden Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 252) 805 Shubert Organization Prima Facie[86] Play 2023-04-23April 23, 2023* 2023-06-18June 18, 2023
Lena Horne Theatre W. 47th St. (No. 256) 1094 Nederlander Organization Six Musical 2021-10-03October 3, 2021 Open-ended
Longacre Theatre W. 48th St. (No. 220) 1091 Shubert Organization Leopoldstadt[87] Play 2022-10-02October 2, 2022 2023-07-02July 2, 2023
Lunt-Fontanne Theatre W. 46th St. (No. 205) 1519 Nederlander Organization Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street[88] Musical 2023-03-26March 26, 2023* Open-ended
Lyceum Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 149) 922 Shubert Organization Grey House[89] Play 2023-05-30May 30, 2023* Open-ended
Lyric Theatre W. 43rd St. (No. 214) 1622 Ambassador Theatre Group Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Play 2018-04-22April 22, 2018 Open-ended
Majestic Theatre W. 44th St. (No. 245) 1645 Shubert Organization The Phantom of the Opera Musical 1988-01-26January 26, 1988 2023-04-16April 16, 2023
Marquis Theatre W. 46th St. (No. 210) 1612 Nederlander Organization Jonas Brothers on Broadway[90] Concert 2023-03-14March 14, 2023* 2023-03-18March 18, 2023*
Minskoff Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 200) 1710 Nederlander Organization The Lion King Musical 1997-11-13November 13, 1997 Open-ended
Music Box Theatre W. 45th St. (No. 239) 1009 Shubert Organization Dancin'[91] Revue 2023-03-19March 19, 2023* Open-ended
Nederlander Theatre W. 41st St. (No. 208) 1235 Nederlander Organization Shucked[92] Musical 2023-04-04April 4, 2023* Open-ended
Neil Simon Theatre W. 52nd St. (No. 250) 1467 Nederlander Organization MJ the Musical Musical 2022-02-01February 1, 2022 Open-ended
New Amsterdam Theatre W. 42nd St. (No. 214) 1747 Disney Theatrical Group Aladdin Musical 2014-03-20March 20, 2014 Open-ended
Palace Theatre W. 47th St. & Broadway (No. 1564) 1743 Nederlander Organization ZzThe Palace Theatre closed for renovation in September 2018. It is scheduled to reopen in or around 2023.[93]
Richard Rodgers Theatre W. 46th St. (No. 226) 1400 Nederlander Organization Hamilton Musical 2015-08-06August 6, 2015 Open-ended
St. James Theatre W. 44th St. (No. 246) 1709 Jujamcyn Theaters New York, New York[94] Musical 2023-04-26April 26, 2023* Open-ended
Samuel J. Friedman Theatre W. 47th St. (No. 261) 650 Manhattan Theatre Club Summer, 1976[95] Play 2023-04-25April 25, 2023* 2023-05-28May 28, 2023*
Shubert Theatre W. 44th St. (No. 225) 1460 Shubert Organization Some Like It Hot[96] Musical 2022-12-11December 11, 2022 Open-ended
Stephen Sondheim Theatre W. 43rd St. (No. 124) 1055 Roundabout Theatre Company & Juliet[97] Musical 2022-11-17November 17, 2022 Open-ended
Studio 54 W. 54th St. (No. 254) 1006 Roundabout Theatre Company Pictures from Home[98] Play 2023-02-09February 9, 2023 2023-04-30April 30, 2023
Vivian Beaumont Theater W. 65th St. (No. 150) 1080 Lincoln Center Theatre Camelot[99] Musical 2023-04-13April 13, 2023* Open-ended
Walter Kerr Theatre W. 48th St. (No. 219) 945 Jujamcyn Theaters Hadestown Musical 2019-04-17April 17, 2019 Open-ended
Winter Garden Theatre W. 50th St. & Broadway (No. 1634) 1526 Shubert Organization Back to the Future: The Musical[100] Musical 2023-08-03August 3, 2023* Open-ended

Upcoming productions

The following have been announced as future Broadway productions. The theatre in which they will run may not yet be known, or, if known, may be currently occupied by another show.

Production Type Theatre Opening Ref
The Cottage Play Hayes Theatre 2023-07-24July 24, 2023 [101]
Jaja's African Hair Braiding Play Samuel J. Friedman Theatre Fall 2023 [102]
Merrily We Roll Along Musical Theatre to be announced Fall 2023 [103]
The Mousetrap Play Theatre to be announced 2023 [104]
Once Upon a One More Time Musical Marquis Theatre 2023-06-22June 22, 2023 [105]
Purlie Victorious Play Theatre to be announced Late Summer 2023 [106]
The Wiz Musical Theatre to be announced Spring 2024 [107]

Notes

  1. ^ Although theater is generally the spelling for this common noun in the United States (see American and British English spelling differences), 130 of the 144 extant and extinct Broadway venues use (used) the spelling Theatre as the proper noun in their names (12 others used neither), with many performers and trade groups for live dramatic presentations also using the spelling theatre.

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Ackerman, Alan. "Liberalism, Democracy, and the Twentieth-Century American Theater," American Literary History (2005) 17#4 pp. 765–780.
  • Bordman, Gerald. American Musical Comedy (Oxford University Press, 1982)
  • Bordman, Gerald. American Operetta (Oxford University Press, 1981)
  • Knapp, Raymond. The American Musical and the Formation of National Identity (Princeton University Press, 2005)
  • Middeke, Martin, et al. The Methuen Drama Guide to Contemporary American Playwrights (2013)
  • Mordden, Ethan. Anything Goes: A History of American Musical Theatre (2013)
  • Roudane, Matthew Charles. American Drama Since 1960: A Critical History (1996)
  • Shiach, Don. American Drama 1900–1990 (2000)
  • Stempel, Larry. Showtime: A History of the Broadway Musical Theater (WW Norton, 2010) 826 pp.
  • Weales, Gerald Clifford. American drama since World War II (1962)
  • White, Timothy R. Blue-Collar Broadway: The Craft and Industry of American Theater (2014)
  • Wolf, Stacy. Changed for Good: A Feminist History of the Broadway Musical (2010)

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Broadway theatre.
  • The Internet Broadway Database
  • The Houses of Broadway, The New York Times, April 30, 2010

March 06, 2023
broadway, theatre, this, article, about, type, theatre, individual, theatre, broadway, theatre, 53rd, street, other, uses, broadway, theatre, disambiguation, broadway, theatrical, performances, presented, professional, theatres, each, with, more, seats, locate. This article is about the type of theatre For the individual theatre see Broadway Theatre 53rd Street For other uses see Broadway Theatre disambiguation Broadway theatre nb 1 or Broadway are the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres each with 500 or more seats located in the Theater District and the Lincoln Center along Broadway in Midtown Manhattan New York City 1 2 Broadway and London s West End together represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English speaking world 3 The John Golden Theatre Bernard B Jacobs Theatre Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre and Booth Theatre on West 45th Street in Manhattan s Theater District While the thoroughfare is eponymous with the district and its collection of 41 theaters and it is also closely identified with Times Square only three of the theaters are located on Broadway itself namely the Broadway Theatre the Palace Theatre and the Winter Garden Theatre The rest are located on the numbered cross streets extending from the Nederlander Theatre one block south of Times Square on West 41st Street north along either side of Broadway to 53rd Street as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater at Lincoln Center on West 65th street While exceptions exist the term Broadway theatre is generally reserved for venues with a seating capacity of at least 500 people Smaller theaters in New York are referred to as off Broadway regardless of location while very small venues with fewer than 100 seats are called off off Broadway a term that can also apply to non commercial or avant garde theater or productions held outside of traditional theater venues 4 The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City According to The Broadway League for the 2018 2019 season which ended May 26 2019 total attendance was 14 768 254 and Broadway shows had US 1 829 312 140 in grosses with attendance up 9 5 grosses up 10 3 and playing weeks up 9 3 5 The Museum of Broadway on West 45th Street opened to the public on November 15 2022 became the first museum to document the history and experience of Broadway theatre and its profound influence upon shaping Midtown Manhattan and Times Square Most Broadway shows are musicals Historian Martin Shefter argues that Broadway musicals culminating in the productions of Rodgers and Hammerstein became enormously influential forms of American popular culture and contributed to making New York City the cultural capital of the world 6 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early theatre in New York 1 2 Birth of the musical and post Civil War 1 3 Early 20th century 1 4 Competing with motion pictures 1 5 Between the wars 1 6 Post War era 1 7 Decline in late 1960s 1 8 Resurgence in early 1980s 1 9 COVID 19 impacts 2 Description 2 1 Schedule 2 2 Producers and theatre owners 2 3 Personnel 2 4 Runs 2 5 Audience 2 6 Off Broadway and Off Off Broadway 2 7 Broadway national tours 2 8 Awards 3 Broadway theatres and current productions 3 1 Upcoming productions 4 Notes 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory EditEarly theatre in New York Edit Interior of the Park Theatre built in 1798 New York s first significant theatre presence arose about 1750 when actor managers Walter Murray and Thomas Kean established a resident theatre company at the Theatre on Nassau Street which held about 280 people They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggar s Opera 7 In 1752 William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager They established a theatre in Williamsburg Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice and The Anatomist The company moved to New York in 1753 performing ballad operas and ballad farces like Damon and Phillida The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798 the year the 2 000 seat Park Theatre was built on Chatham Street now called Park Row 7 The Bowery Theatre opened in 1826 8 followed by others By the 1840s P T Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in Lower Manhattan In 1829 at Broadway and Prince Street Niblo s Garden opened and soon became one of New York s premier nightspots The 3 000 seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non musical entertainments In 1844 Palmo s Opera House opened and presented opera for only four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burton s Theatre The Astor Opera House opened in 1847 A riot broke out in 1849 when the lower class patrons of the Bowery Theatre objected to what they perceived as snobbery by the upper class audiences at Astor Place After the Astor Place Riot of 1849 entertainment in New York City was divided along class lines opera was chiefly for the upper middle and upper classes minstrel shows and melodramas for the middle class variety shows in concert saloons for men of the working class and the slumming middle class 9 The plays of William Shakespeare were frequently performed on the Broadway stage during the period most notably by American actor Edwin Booth who was internationally known for his performance as Hamlet Booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865 with the run ending just a few months before Booth s brother John Wilkes Booth assassinated Abraham Lincoln and would later revive the role at his own Booth s Theatre which was managed for a time by his brother Junius Brutus Booth Jr Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving Tommaso Salvini Fanny Davenport and Charles Fechter Birth of the musical and post Civil War Edit Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown Manhattan beginning around 1850 seeking less expensive real estate At the beginning of the 19th century the area that now comprises the Theater District was owned by a handful of families and comprised a few farms In 1836 Mayor Cornelius Lawrence opened 42nd Street and invited Manhattanites to enjoy the pure clean air 10 Close to 60 years later theatrical entrepreneur Oscar Hammerstein I built the iconic Victoria Theater on West 42nd Street 10 Broadway s first long run musical was a 50 performance hit called The Elves in 1857 In 1870 the heart of Broadway was in Union Square and by the end of the century many theatres were near Madison Square Theatres arrived in the Times Square area in the early 1900s and the Broadway theatres consolidated there after a large number were built around the square in the 1920s and 1930s New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London 11 but Laura Keene s musical burletta The Seven Sisters 1860 shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances It was at a performance by Keene s troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington D C that Abraham Lincoln was shot The Black Crook 1866 considered by some historians to be the first musical 12 Poster for the 1873 revival by The Kiralfy Brothers The first theatre piece that conforms to the modern conception of a musical adding dance and original music that helped to tell the story is considered to be The Black Crook which premiered in New York on September 12 1866 The production was five and a half hours long but despite its length it ran for a record breaking 474 performances The same year The Black Domino Between You Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy 12 Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881 where Lillian Russell performed Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 The Mulligan Guard Picnic and 1890 with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father in law David Braham These musical comedies featured characters and situations taken from the everyday life of New York s lower classes and represented a significant step forward from vaudeville and burlesque towards a more literate form They starred high quality professional singers Lillian Russell Vivienne Segal and Fay Templeton instead of the amateurs often sex workers who had starred in earlier musical forms As transportation improved poverty in New York diminished and street lighting made for safer travel at night the number of potential patrons for the growing number of theatres increased enormously Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences leading to better profits and improved production values As in England during the latter half of the century the theatre began to be cleaned up with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women Gilbert and Sullivan s family friendly comic opera hits beginning with H M S Pinafore in 1878 were imported to New York by the authors and also in numerous unlicensed productions They were imitated in New York by American productions such as Reginald Dekoven s Robin Hood 1891 and John Philip Sousa s El Capitan 1896 along with operas ballets and other British and European hits Sheet music to Give My Regards to Broadway Charles H Hoyt s A Trip to Chinatown 1891 became Broadway s long run champion when it surpassed Adonis and its 603 total performances in 1893 holding the stage for 657 performances Chinatown itself was surpassed by the musical Irene 1919 in 1921 as the longest running Broadway musical and even earlier in March 1920 by Lightnin 1918 as the longest running Broadway show In 1896 theatre owners Marc Klaw and A L Erlanger formed the Theatrical Syndicate which controlled almost every legitimate theatre in the U S for the next sixteen years 13 However smaller vaudeville and variety houses proliferated and Off Broadway was well established by the end of the 19th century A Trip to Coontown 1898 was the first musical comedy entirely produced and performed by African Americans in a Broadway theatre largely inspired by the routines of the minstrel shows followed by the ragtime tinged Clorindy The Origin of the Cakewalk 1898 and the highly successful In Dahomey 1902 Hundreds of musical comedies were staged on Broadway in the 1890s and early 1900s made up of songs written in New York s Tin Pan Alley involving composers such as Gus Edwards John Walter Bratton and George M Cohan Little Johnny Jones 1904 45 Minutes From Broadway 1906 and George Washington Jr 1906 Still New York runs continued to be relatively short with a few exceptions compared with London runs until World War I 11 A few very successful British musicals continued to achieve great success in New York including Florodora in 1900 01 Early 20th century Edit Victor Herbert In the early years of 20th century translations of popular late 19th century continental operettas were joined by the Princess Theatre shows of the 1910s by writers such as P G Wodehouse Guy Bolton and Harry B Smith Victor Herbert whose work included some intimate musical plays with modern settings as well as his string of famous operettas The Fortune Teller 1898 Babes in Toyland 1903 Mlle Modiste 1905 The Red Mill 1906 and Naughty Marietta 1910 14 Beginning with The Red Mill Broadway shows installed electric signs outside the theatres Since colored bulbs burned out too quickly white lights were used and Broadway was nicknamed The Great White Way In August 1919 the Actors Equity Association demanded a standard contract for all professional productions After a strike shut down all the theatres the producers were forced to agree By the 1920s the Shubert Brothers had risen to take over the majority of the theatres from the Erlanger syndicate 15 During this time the play Lightnin by Winchell Smith and Frank Bacon became the first Broadway show to reach 700 performances From then it would go on to become the first show to reach 1 000 performances Lightnin was the longest running Broadway show until being overtaken in performance totals by Abie s Irish Rose in 1925 Competing with motion pictures Edit Broadway north from 38th St New York City showing the Casino and Knickerbocker Theatres Listen Lester visible at lower right played the Knickerbocker from December 23 1918 to August 16 1919 a sign pointing to Maxine Elliott s Theatre which is out of view on 39th Street and a sign advertising the Winter Garden Theatre which is out of view at 50th Street All but the Winter Garden are demolished The old Metropolitan Opera House and the old Times Tower are visible on the left The motion picture mounted a challenge to the stage At first films were silent and presented only limited competition By the end of the 1920s films like The Jazz Singer were presented with synchronized sound and critics wondered if the cinema would replace live theatre altogether While live vaudeville could not compete with these inexpensive films that featured vaudeville stars and major comedians of the day other theatres survived The musicals of the Roaring Twenties borrowing from vaudeville music hall and other light entertainment tended to ignore plot in favor of emphasizing star actors and actresses big dance routines and popular songs Florenz Ziegfeld produced annual spectacular song and dance revues on Broadway featuring extravagant sets and elaborate costumes but there was little to tie the various numbers together Typical of the 1920s were lighthearted productions such as Sally Lady Be Good Sunny No No Nanette Harlem Oh Kay and Funny Face Their books may have been forgettable but they produced enduring standards from George Gershwin Cole Porter Jerome Kern Vincent Youmans and Rodgers and Hart among others and Noel Coward Sigmund Romberg and Rudolf Friml continued in the vein of Victor Herbert Live theatre has survived the invention of cinema Between the wars EditLeaving these comparatively frivolous entertainments behind and taking the drama a step forward Show Boat premiered on December 27 1927 at the Ziegfeld Theatre It represented a complete integration of book and score with dramatic themes as told through the music dialogue setting and movement woven together more seamlessly than in previous musicals It ran for 572 performances 16 This February 21 1925 Judge magazine cover by Ralph Barton features caricatures of various movie and theater personalities from the 1920s click on a caricature to be taken to the corresponding person s Wikipedia article The 1920s also spawned a new age of American playwright with the emergence of Eugene O Neill whose plays Beyond the Horizon Anna Christie The Hairy Ape Strange Interlude and Mourning Becomes Electra proved that there was an audience for serious drama on Broadway and O Neill s success paved the way for major dramatists like Elmer Rice Maxwell Anderson Robert E Sherwood Clifford Odets Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller as well as writers of comedy like George S Kaufman and Moss Hart Classical revivals also proved popular with Broadway theatre goers notably John Barrymore in Hamlet and Richard III John Gielgud in Hamlet The Importance of Being Earnest and Much Ado About Nothing Walter Hampden and Jose Ferrer in Cyrano de Bergerac Paul Robeson and Ferrer in Othello Maurice Evans in Richard II and the plays of George Bernard Shaw and Katharine Cornell in such plays as Romeo and Juliet Antony and Cleopatra and Candida As World War II approached a dozen Broadway dramas addressed the rise of Nazism in Europe and the issue of American non intervention The most successful was Lillian Hellman s Watch on the Rhine which opened in April 1941 17 Post War era Edit After the lean years of the Great Depression Broadway theatre had entered a golden age with the blockbuster hit Oklahoma in 1943 which ran for 2 212 performances According to John Kenrick s writings on Broadway musicals Every season saw new stage musicals send songs to the top of the charts Public demand a booming economy and abundant creative talent kept Broadway hopping To this day the shows of the 1950s form the core of the musical theatre repertory 18 Decline in late 1960s Edit Kenrick notes that the late 1960s marked a time of cultural upheaval All those changes would prove painful for many including those behind the scenes as well as those in the audience 19 Of the 1970s Kenrick writes Just when it seemed that traditional book musicals were back in style the decade ended with critics and audiences giving mixed signals 20 Ken Bloom observed that The 1960s and 1970s saw a worsening of the area Times Square and a drop in the number of legitimate shows produced on Broadway 21 By way of comparison in the 1950 to 1951 season May to May 94 productions opened on Broadway in the 1969 to 1970 season June to May there were 59 productions fifteen were revivals 22 23 In the twenties there were 70 80 theaters but by 1969 there were 36 left 24 Resurgence in early 1980s Edit In early 1982 Joe Papp the theatrical producer and director who established The Public Theater led the Save the Theatres campaign 25 It was a not for profit group supported by the Actors Equity union to save the theater buildings in the neighborhood from demolition by monied Manhattan development interests 26 27 28 29 Papp provided resources recruited a publicist and celebrated actors and provided audio lighting and technical crews for the effort 27 At Papp s behest in July 1982 a bill was introduced in the 97th Congress entitled H R 6885 A bill to designate the Broadway Times Square Theatre District in the City of New York as a national historic site 30 The legislation would have provided certain U S government resources and assistance to help the city preserve the district 30 Faced with strong opposition and lobbying by Mayor Ed Koch s Administration and corporate Manhattan development interests the bill was not passed The Save the Theatres campaign then turned their efforts to supporting the establishment of the Theater District as a registered historic district 31 32 In December 1983 Save the Theatres prepared The Broadway Theater District a Preservation Development and Management Plan and demanded that each theater in the district receive landmark designation 32 Mayor Ed Koch ultimately reacted by creating a Theater Advisory Council which included Papp 27 COVID 19 impacts Edit Due to the COVID 19 pandemic in the United States Broadway theaters closed on March 12 2020 shuttering 16 shows that were playing or were in the process of opening The Broadway League shutdown was extended first to April then to May then June then September 2020 and January 2021 33 and later to June 1 2021 34 Then governor Andrew Cuomo announced that most sectors of New York would have their restrictions lifted on May 19 2021 but he stated that Broadway theatres would not be able to immediately resume performances on this date due to logistical reasons In May 2021 Cuomo announced that Broadway theaters would be allowed to reopen on September 14 and the League confirmed that performances would begin to resume in the fall season 35 Springsteen on Broadway became the first full length show to resume performances opening on June 26 2021 to 1 721 vaccinated patrons at the St James Theatre 36 Pass Over then had its first preview on August 4 and opened on August 22 2021 becoming the first new play to open 37 38 Hadestown and Waitress were the first musicals to resume performances on September 2 2021 39 The 74th Tony Awards were also postponed the Tony nominations were announced on October 15 2020 40 and took place on September 26 2021 41 On July 30 2021 it was announced that all Broadway theaters required attendees to provide proof of full COVID 19 vaccination The rule applied to guests ages 12 Those under age 12 were required to provide a negative COVID 19 test PCR within 72 hours or antigen within six hours of the performance start time Beginning November 8 those ages 5 11 also had the option to provide proof of at least one vaccination shot Effective December 14 in accordance with NYC s vaccination mandate guests ages 5 11 were required to have at least one vaccination shot until January 29 2022 where they had to be fully vaccinated 42 The vaccine mandate lasted until April 30 43 44 and attendees were also required to wear face masks until July 1 45 During the COVID 19 shutdown the Shubert Organization the Nederlander Organization and Jujamcyn had pledged to increase racial and cultural diversity in their theaters including naming at least one theater for a Black theatrical personality 46 The August Wilson Theatre owned by Jujamcyn had been renamed after Black playwright August Wilson in 2005 47 The Shuberts announced in March 2022 that the Cort Theatre which was under renovation at the time would be renamed after actor James Earl Jones 48 49 In June 2022 the Nederlanders announced that the Brooks Atkinson Theatre would be renamed after Lena Horne 50 51 47 The James Earl Jones Theatre was rededicated in September 2022 52 while the Lena Horne Theatre was rededicated that November 53 Description EditSchedule Edit Although there are some exceptions shows with open ended runs generally have evening performances Tuesday through Saturday with a 7 00 p m or 8 00 p m curtain The afternoon matinee performances are at 2 00 p m on Wednesdays and Saturdays and at 3 00 p m on Sundays This makes for an eight performance week On this schedule most shows do not play on Monday and the shows and theatres are said to be dark on that day 54 55 The actors and the crew in these shows tend to regard Sunday evening through Monday evening as their weekend The Tony award presentation ceremony is usually held on a Sunday evening in June to fit this schedule In recent years some shows have moved their Tuesday show time an hour earlier to 7 00 pm 54 The rationale for this move was that since fewer tourists take in shows midweek Tuesday attendance depends more on local patrons The earlier curtain makes it possible for suburban patrons to get home by a reasonable hour after the show Some shows especially those produced by Disney change their performance schedules fairly frequently depending on the season This is done in order to maximize access to their target audience Producers and theatre owners Edit Most Broadway producers and theatre owners are members of The Broadway League formerly The League of American Theatres and Producers a trade organization that promotes Broadway theatre as a whole negotiates contracts with the various theatrical unions and agreements with the guilds and co administers the Tony Awards with the American Theatre Wing a service organization While the League and the theatrical unions are sometimes at loggerheads during those periods when new contracts are being negotiated they also cooperate on many projects and events designed to promote professional theatre in New York Of the four non profit theatre companies with Broadway theatres all four Lincoln Center Theater Manhattan Theatre Club Roundabout Theatre Company and Second Stage Theatre belong to the League of Resident Theatres and have contracts with the theatrical unions which are negotiated separately from the other Broadway theatre and producers Disney also negotiates apart from the League as did Livent before it closed down its operations The majority of Broadway theatres are owned or managed by three organizations the Shubert Organization a for profit arm of the non profit Shubert Foundation which owns seventeen theatres the Nederlander Organization which controls nine theatres and Jujamcyn which owns five Broadway houses Personnel Edit Both musicals and stage plays on Broadway often rely on casting well known performers in leading roles to draw larger audiences or bring in new audience members to the theatre Actors from movies and television are frequently cast for the revivals of Broadway shows or are used to replace actors leaving a cast There are still however performers who are primarily stage actors spending most of their time on the boards and appearing in television and screen roles only secondarily As Patrick Healy of The New York Times noted Broadway once had many homegrown stars who committed to working on a show for a year as Nathan Lane has for The Addams Family In 2010 some theater heavyweights like Mr Lane were not even nominated instead several Tony Awards were given for productions that were always intended to be short timers on Broadway given that many of their film star performers had to move on to other commitments 56 According to Mark Shenton One of the biggest changes to the commercial theatrical landscape on both sides of the Atlantic over the past decade or so is that sightings of big star names turning out to do plays has sic gone up but the runs they are prepared to commit to has gone down Time was that a producer would require a minimum commitment from his star of six months and perhaps a year now the 13 week run is the norm 57 The minimum size of the Broadway orchestra is governed by an agreement with the musicians union Local 802 American Federation of Musicians and The Broadway League For example the agreement specifies the minimum size of the orchestra at the Minskoff Theatre to be 18 while at the Music Box Theatre it is 9 58 Runs Edit See also List of the longest running Broadway shows Most Broadway shows are commercial productions intended to make a profit for the producers and investors backers or angels and therefore have open ended runs duration that the production plays meaning that the length of their presentation is not set beforehand but depends on critical response word of mouth and the effectiveness of the show s advertising all of which determine ticket sales Investing in a commercial production carries a varied degree of financial risk Shows need not make a profit immediately should they make their nut weekly operating expenses or lose money at a rate acceptable to the producers they may continue to run in the expectation that eventually they will pay back their initial costs and become profitable In some borderline situations producers may ask that royalties be temporarily reduced or waived or even that performers with the permission of their unions take reduced salaries to prevent a show from closing Theatre owners who are not generally profit participants in most productions may waive or reduce rents or even lend money to a show to keep it running Some Broadway shows are produced by non commercial organizations as part of a regular subscription season Lincoln Center Theatre Roundabout Theatre Company Manhattan Theatre Club and Second Stage Theater are the four non profit theatre companies that currently have permanent Broadway venues Some other productions are produced on Broadway with limited engagement runs for several reasons including financial issues prior engagements of the performers or temporary availability of a theatre between the end of one production and the beginning of another However some shows with planned limited engagement runs may after critical acclaim or box office success extend their engagements or convert to open ended runs This was the case with 2007 s August Osage County 2009 s God of Carnage 2012 s Newsies and 2022 s Take Me Out 59 Historically musicals on Broadway tend to have longer runs than straight i e non musical plays On January 9 2006 The Phantom of the Opera at the Majestic Theatre became the longest running Broadway musical with 7 486 performances overtaking Cats 60 The Phantom of the Opera is scheduled to close on April 16 2023 soon after celebrating its 35th anniversary 61 Audience Edit Attending a Broadway show is a common tourist activity in New York The TKTS booths sell same day tickets and in certain cases next day matinee tickets for many Broadway and Off Broadway shows at a discount of 20 to 50 62 The TKTS booths are located in Times Square in Lower Manhattan and at Lincoln Center This service is run by Theatre Development Fund Many Broadway theatres also offer special student rates same day rush or lottery tickets or standing room tickets to help ensure that their theatres are as full and their grosses as high as possible 63 According to The Broadway League total Broadway attendance was 14 77 million in 2018 2019 compared to 13 79 million in 2017 2018 5 The Broadway League also reports that approximately 66 of all Broadway tickets were purchased by tourists in the 2012 2013 season an increase of three percent from the 2011 2012 season 64 By way of comparison London s West End theatre reported a total attendance of 15 5 million for major commercial and grant aided theatres in central London for 2018 65 The average age of the Broadway audience in the 2017 18 theater season was 40 the lowest it had been in nearly two decades 66 Off Broadway and Off Off Broadway Edit Main articles Off Broadway and Off Off Broadway The classification of theatres is governed by language in Actors Equity Association contracts To be eligible for a Tony a production must be in a house with 500 seats or more and in the Theater District which are the criteria that define Broadway theatre Off Broadway and Off Off Broadway shows often provide a more experimental challenging and intimate performance than is possible in the larger Broadway theatres Some Broadway shows however such as the musicals Hair Little Shop of Horrors Spring Awakening Next to Normal Rent Avenue Q In the Heights Fun Home Dear Evan Hansen and Hamilton began their runs Off Broadway and later transferred to Broadway seeking to replicate their intimate experience in a larger theatre Other productions are first developed through workshops and then out of town tryouts before transferring to Broadway Merrily We Roll Along famously skipped an out of town tryout and attempted to do an in town tryout actually preview performances on Broadway before its official opening with disastrous results 67 68 Broadway national tours Edit After or even during successful runs in Broadway theatres producers often remount their productions with new casts and crew for the Broadway national tour which travels to theatres in major cities across the country Sometimes when a show closes on Broadway the entire production with most if not all of the original cast intact is relaunched as a touring company hence the name Broadway national tour Some shows may even have several touring companies out at a time whether the show is still running in New York or not with many companies sitting down in other major cities for their own extended runs For Broadway national tours of top tier cities the entire Broadway production is transplanted almost entirely intact and may run for many months or years at each stop For example the first U S tour of The Phantom of the Opera required 26 53 foot long 16 1 m semi trailers to transport all its sets equipment and costumes and it took almost 10 days to properly unload all those trucks and install everything into a theater 69 Second tier and smaller cities can also attract national tours but these are more likely to be bus and truck tours 69 These are scaled down versions of the larger national touring productions historically acquiring their name because the casts generally traveled by bus instead of by air while the sets and equipment traveled by truck Tours of this type often run for weeks rather than months and frequently feature a reduced physical production to accommodate smaller venues and tighter schedules and to fit into less trucks 69 A typical second tier city can usually sell only up to about eight weeks of tickets 69 For cities smaller than that a touring production might move twice a week split weeks or every day one nighters 69 For bus and truck tours the production values are usually less lavish than the typical Broadway national tour or national touring production and the actors while still members of the actors union are compensated under a different less lucrative union contract The Touring Broadway Awards presented by The Broadway League honored excellence in touring Broadway Awards Edit Broadway productions and artists are honored by the annual Antoinette Perry Awards commonly called the Tony Awards or Tonys given by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League and that were first presented in 1947 70 The Tony is Broadway s most prestigious award comparable to the Academy Awards for Hollywood film productions Their importance has increased since 1967 when the awards presentation show began to be broadcast on national television In a strategy to improve the television ratings celebrities are often chosen to host the show some with scant connection to the theatre 71 The most recent Tony Awards ceremony was held on June 12 2022 Other awards given to Broadway productions include the Drama Desk Award presented since 1955 the New York Drama Critics Circle Awards first given in 1936 and the Outer Critics Circle Award initially presented in 1950 Broadway theatres and current productions EditMain article List of Broadway theaters An after the opening date indicates that the listed show has not yet opened but is scheduled to open on the given date at that theatre An after the closing date indicates that there is another production scheduled for that theatre If the next show planned is not announced the applicable columns are left blank Capacity is based on the capacity given for the respective theatre at the Internet Broadway Database 72 Theatre Address Capacity Owner Operator Current production Type Opening ClosingAl Hirschfeld Theatre W 45th St No 302 1424 Jujamcyn Theaters Moulin Rouge Musical 2019 07 25 July 25 2019 Open endedAmbassador Theatre W 49th St No 219 1125 Shubert Organization Chicago Musical 1996 11 14 November 14 1996 Open endedAmerican Airlines Theatre W 42nd St No 227 740 Roundabout Theatre Company Fat Ham 73 Play 2023 04 12 April 12 2023 2023 08 06 August 6 2023August Wilson Theatre W 52nd St No 245 1228 Jujamcyn Theaters Funny Girl 74 Musical 2022 04 24 April 24 2022 2023 09 03 September 3 2023Belasco Theatre W 44th St No 111 1018 Shubert Organization Good Night Oscar 75 Play 2023 04 24 April 24 2023 2023 08 27 August 27 2023Bernard B Jacobs Theatre W 45th St No 242 1078 Shubert Organization Parade 76 Musical 2023 03 16 March 16 2023 2023 08 06 August 6 2023Booth Theatre W 45th St No 222 766 Shubert Organization Kimberly Akimbo 77 Musical 2022 11 10 November 10 2022 Open endedBroadhurst Theatre W 44th St No 235 1186 Shubert Organization A Beautiful Noise 78 Musical 2022 12 04 December 4 2022 Open endedBroadway Theatre W 53rd St amp Broadway No 1681 1761 Shubert Organization Here Lies Love 79 Musical 2023 07 20 July 20 2023 Open endedCircle in the Square Theatre W 50th St No 235 840 IndependentEthel Barrymore Theatre W 47th St No 243 1096 Shubert Organization Peter Pan Goes Wrong 80 Play 2023 04 19 April 19 2023 2023 07 09 July 9 2023Eugene O Neill Theatre W 49th St No 230 1066 Jujamcyn Theaters The Book of Mormon Musical 2011 03 24 March 24 2011 Open endedGerald Schoenfeld Theatre W 45th St No 236 1079 Shubert Organization Life of Pi 81 Play 2023 03 30 March 30 2023 Open endedGershwin Theatre W 51st St No 222 1933 Nederlander Organization Wicked Musical 2003 10 30 October 30 2003 Open endedHayes Theater W 44th St No 240 597 Second Stage Theater The Thanksgiving Play 82 Play 2023 04 20 April 20 2023 2023 06 04 June 4 2023 Hudson Theatre W 44th St No 141 970 Ambassador Theatre Group A Doll s House 83 Play 2023 03 09 March 9 2023 2023 06 04 June 4 2023Imperial Theatre W 45th St No 249 1443 Shubert Organization Bad Cinderella 84 Musical 2023 03 23 March 23 2023 Open endedJames Earl Jones Theatre W 48th St No 138 1084 Shubert Organization Room 85 Play with Music 2023 04 17 April 17 2023 2023 09 17 September 17 2023John Golden Theatre W 45th St No 252 805 Shubert Organization Prima Facie 86 Play 2023 04 23 April 23 2023 2023 06 18 June 18 2023Lena Horne Theatre W 47th St No 256 1094 Nederlander Organization Six Musical 2021 10 03 October 3 2021 Open endedLongacre Theatre W 48th St No 220 1091 Shubert Organization Leopoldstadt 87 Play 2022 10 02 October 2 2022 2023 07 02 July 2 2023Lunt Fontanne Theatre W 46th St No 205 1519 Nederlander Organization Sweeney Todd The Demon Barber of Fleet Street 88 Musical 2023 03 26 March 26 2023 Open endedLyceum Theatre W 45th St No 149 922 Shubert Organization Grey House 89 Play 2023 05 30 May 30 2023 Open endedLyric Theatre W 43rd St No 214 1622 Ambassador Theatre Group Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Play 2018 04 22 April 22 2018 Open endedMajestic Theatre W 44th St No 245 1645 Shubert Organization The Phantom of the Opera Musical 1988 01 26 January 26 1988 2023 04 16 April 16 2023Marquis Theatre W 46th St No 210 1612 Nederlander Organization Jonas Brothers on Broadway 90 Concert 2023 03 14 March 14 2023 2023 03 18 March 18 2023 Minskoff Theatre W 45th St No 200 1710 Nederlander Organization The Lion King Musical 1997 11 13 November 13 1997 Open endedMusic Box Theatre W 45th St No 239 1009 Shubert Organization Dancin 91 Revue 2023 03 19 March 19 2023 Open endedNederlander Theatre W 41st St No 208 1235 Nederlander Organization Shucked 92 Musical 2023 04 04 April 4 2023 Open endedNeil Simon Theatre W 52nd St No 250 1467 Nederlander Organization MJ the Musical Musical 2022 02 01 February 1 2022 Open endedNew Amsterdam Theatre W 42nd St No 214 1747 Disney Theatrical Group Aladdin Musical 2014 03 20 March 20 2014 Open endedPalace Theatre W 47th St amp Broadway No 1564 1743 Nederlander Organization Zz The Palace Theatre closed for renovation in September 2018 It is scheduled to reopen in or around 2023 93 Richard Rodgers Theatre W 46th St No 226 1400 Nederlander Organization Hamilton Musical 2015 08 06 August 6 2015 Open endedSt James Theatre W 44th St No 246 1709 Jujamcyn Theaters New York New York 94 Musical 2023 04 26 April 26 2023 Open endedSamuel J Friedman Theatre W 47th St No 261 650 Manhattan Theatre Club Summer 1976 95 Play 2023 04 25 April 25 2023 2023 05 28 May 28 2023 Shubert Theatre W 44th St No 225 1460 Shubert Organization Some Like It Hot 96 Musical 2022 12 11 December 11 2022 Open endedStephen Sondheim Theatre W 43rd St No 124 1055 Roundabout Theatre Company amp Juliet 97 Musical 2022 11 17 November 17 2022 Open endedStudio 54 W 54th St No 254 1006 Roundabout Theatre Company Pictures from Home 98 Play 2023 02 09 February 9 2023 2023 04 30 April 30 2023Vivian Beaumont Theater W 65th St No 150 1080 Lincoln Center Theatre Camelot 99 Musical 2023 04 13 April 13 2023 Open endedWalter Kerr Theatre W 48th St No 219 945 Jujamcyn Theaters Hadestown Musical 2019 04 17 April 17 2019 Open endedWinter Garden Theatre W 50th St amp Broadway No 1634 1526 Shubert Organization Back to the Future The Musical 100 Musical 2023 08 03 August 3 2023 Open endedUpcoming productions Edit The following have been announced as future Broadway productions The theatre in which they will run may not yet be known or if known may be currently occupied by another show Production Type Theatre Opening RefThe Cottage Play Hayes Theatre 2023 07 24 July 24 2023 101 Jaja s African Hair Braiding Play Samuel J Friedman Theatre Fall 2023 102 Merrily We Roll Along Musical Theatre to be announced Fall 2023 103 The Mousetrap Play Theatre to be announced 2023 104 Once Upon a One More Time Musical Marquis Theatre 2023 06 22 June 22 2023 105 Purlie Victorious Play Theatre to be announced Late Summer 2023 106 The Wiz Musical Theatre to be announced Spring 2024 107 Notes Edit Although theater is generally the spelling for this common noun in the United States see American and British English spelling differences 130 of the 144 extant and extinct Broadway venues use used the spelling Theatre as the proper noun in their names 12 others used neither with many performers and trade groups for live dramatic presentations also using the spelling theatre See also Edit LGBT portal New York City portal New York state portal United States portalOff Broadway Off Off BroadwayReferences Edit Pincus Roth Zachary February 8 2008 Ask Playbill com Broadway or Off Broadway Part I Playbill Retrieved August 14 2022 Viagas Robert December 16 2015 Hudson Theatre Will Be Reopened as Broadway House Playbill Retrieved August 14 2022 Naden Corinne J 2011 The Golden Age of American Musical Theatre 1943 1965 Scarecrow Press p 1 ISBN 9780810877344 How To Tell Broadway From Off Broadway From Playbill Playbill Inc January 13 2019 Retrieved February 28 2020 a b 2018 2019 Broadway End of Season Statistics Broadway League May 28 2019 Martin Shefter 1993 Capital of the American Century The National and International Influence of New York City Russell Sage Foundation p 10 ISBN 9781610444972 a b Kenrick John 2003 2005 Theatre in NYC A Brief History I Musicals101 com Bowery Theatre history Internet Broadway Database listing Internet Broadway Database accessed August 26 2011 Snyder Robert W 1995 Jackson Kenneth T ed The Encyclopedia of New York City New Haven Yale University Press p 1226 a b Urban Development spotlightonbroadway com Retrieved November 3 2017 a b Longest Running Plays in London and New York Archived March 3 2016 at the Wayback Machine dgillan screaming net stagebeauty net copyright 2007 accessed August 26 2011 a b Sheridan Morley Spread A Little Happiness the First Hundred Years of the British Musical New York Thames and Hudson 1987 ISBN 0 500 01398 5 p 15 Kenrick John Kenrick s summary of New York theatre from 1865 1900 Musicals101 com accessed August 26 2011 Midkoff Neil Discovering Dorothy home earthlink net Archived from the original on April 25 2009 Kenrick John 2003 Theatre in NYC History Part IV Musicals101 com Lubbock Mark 1962 The Complete Book of Light Opera New York Appleton Century Crofts pp 807 8 Atkinson Brooks April 2 1941 Lillian Hellman s Watch on the Rhine Acted With Paul Lukas in the Leading Part PDF The New York Times Retrieved October 18 2012 Kenrick John History of The Musical Stage 1950s I When Broadway Ruled musicals101 com accessed December 2 2012 Kenrick John History of The Musical Stage 1960s II Long Running Hits musicals101 com accessed December 2 2012 Kenrick John History of The Musical Stage 1970s Part V Change musicals101 com accessed December 2 2012 Bloom Ken Introduction Broadway Its History People and Places 2004 books google com Taylor amp Francis ISBN 0 415 93704 3 p xvi Productions Opening During the Season 1950 1951 InternetBroadwayDatabase Productions Opening During the Season 1969 1970 InternetBroadwayDatabase Archived from the original on October 29 2013 Broadway 1950 1970 Archived October 29 2013 at the Wayback Machine mapsites net December 2 2012 The name of the organization was Save the Theatres Inc as noted in court papers See Shubert Organization Inc v Landmarks Preservation Commission of the City of New York and Save the Theatres Inc Archived May 21 2013 at the Wayback Machine Supreme Court of New York Appellate Division First Department May 16 1991 accessed March 10 2013 Proposal to Save Morosco and Helen Hayes Theaters LHP Architects Archived from the original on May 20 2015 a b c Helen Epstein March 1 1996 Joe Papp An American Life ISBN 0 306 80676 2 Retrieved February 22 2013 City Panel Near Vote on Save The Theaters Proposals The New York Times New York City April 15 1984 Retrieved February 22 2013 Corwin Betty Theatre on film and tape archive Archived September 21 2013 at the Wayback Machine International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts accessed May 10 2013 a b Bill Summary amp Status 97th Congress 1981 1982 H R 6885 Thomas loc gov Retrieved February 22 2013 permanent dead link Lynne B Sagalyn 2003 Times Square Roulette Remaking the City Icon MIT Press ISBN 978 0 262 69295 3 Retrieved February 26 2013 a b Peter Bosselmann August 28 1985 Representation of Places Imprime Reality and Realism in City Design ISBN 978 0 520 91826 9 Retrieved February 26 2013 Paulson Michael October 9 2020 Broadway Will Remain Closed at Least Through May The New York Times Archived from the original on October 9 2020 Retrieved October 9 2020 Broadway League Extends Shutdown Until June 2021 Spectrum News October 9 2020 Retrieved October 9 2020 Evans Greg May 5 2021 Broadway To Reopen Sept 14 Says Gov Andrew Cuomo Broadway League Cautiously Optimistic Deadline Archived from the original on May 5 2021 Retrieved May 27 2021 Corasaniti Nick June 27 2021 Bruce Springsteen Reopens Broadway Ushering In Theater s Return The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 29 2021 Dilella Frank August 5 2021 Pass Over becomes first new play on Broadway since COVID shutdown NY1 Retrieved August 23 2021 Meyer Dan August 22 2021 Antoinette Chinonye Nwandu s Pass Over Opens on Broadway August 22 Playbill Retrieved August 23 2021 Paulson Michael September 3 2021 Musicals Return to Broadway With Waitress and Hadestown The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 28 2021 Retrieved October 13 2021 Moynihan Caitlin October 8 2020 2020 Tony Awards Nominations Will Be Announced on October 15 Broadway com Retrieved October 9 2020 McPhee Ryan May 26 2021 Tony Awards Sidelined by the Pandemic Sets September Date for 4 Hour Celebration Playbill Archived from the original on May 26 2021 Retrieved May 27 2021 Broadway Toughens Vaccine Rule for Kids Under 12 Extends Mask Policy Through April NBC News New York January 10 2022 Retrieved January 12 2023 Broadway Adjusts COVID Vaccine Requirements Extends Mask Policy NBC News New York April 15 2022 Retrieved January 12 2023 Paulson Michael April 15 2022 Most Broadway Theaters Will Drop Vaccine Checks but Not Mask Mandate The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 9 2023 Paulson Michael June 21 2022 Broadway Will Drop Mask Mandate Beginning July 1 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 9 2023 Paulson Michael August 23 2021 Broadway Power Brokers Pledge Diversity Changes as Theaters Reopen The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 a b Paulson Michael June 9 2022 In a First for Broadway a Theater Will Be Renamed for Lena Horne The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 10 2022 Paulson Michael March 2 2022 Broadway s Cort Theater Will Have a New Name James Earl Jones The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 2 2022 James Earl Jones honored in renaming of historic N Y Broadway theater NBC News March 2 2022 Retrieved March 3 2022 Evans Greg June 9 2022 Broadway Theater To Be Renamed For Icon Lena Horne In Historic First Deadline Retrieved June 10 2022 Broadway s Brooks Atkinson Theatre will be renamed in honor of stage and screen star Lena Horne CBS News June 9 2022 Retrieved June 10 2022 Broadway s Cort Theatre renamed to honor actor James Earl Jones CBS News September 12 2022 Retrieved September 12 2022 Carlin Dave November 1 2022 Lena Horne becomes first Black woman to have Broadway theater named after her CBS News Retrieved November 1 2022 a b Blank Matthew August 21 2011 Weekly Schedule of Current Broadway Shows Playbill Archived from the original on September 5 2011 Simonson Robert April 4 2011 Ask Playbill com When Did Broadway Shows Start Offering Sunday Performances Playbill Retrieved August 14 2022 Healy Patrick Time Is Short to See Tony Winners The New York Times June 14 2010 Shenton Mark Rewarded today gone tomorrow Archived June 26 2010 at the Wayback Machine The Stage June 17 2010 Local 802 Agreement local802afm org p 10 Retrieved August 10 2013 Take Me Out Extends Run Through June 11th BroadwayWorld com April 8 2022 Retrieved April 28 2022 Playbill Staff Long Runs on Broadway Archived October 6 2014 at the Wayback Machine Playbill com November 20 2011 Gans Andrew More Music of the Night The Phantom of the Opera Sets New Closing Date on Broadway PlayBill com Retrieved December 3 2022 TKTS Discount Booths in NYC Theatre Development Fund www tdf org Blank Matthew Broadway Rush and Standing Room Only Policies Archived May 10 2008 at the Wayback Machine Playbill com March 1 2011 Hetrick Adam January 9 2014 Broadway League Announces 2012 13 Demographics Young Theatregoers and International Tourists on the Rise Playbill Retrieved August 14 2022 Society of London Theatre Box Office Figures 2018 solt co uk Date Published March 1 2019 Ginia Bellafante December 27 2019 9 Ways New York Changed That We Didn t See Coming The New York Times Archived from the original on December 27 2019 Retrieved December 27 2019 Sondheim Stephen 2010 Finishing the Hat Collected Lyrics 1954 1981 with Attendant Comments Principles Heresies Grudges Whines and Anecdotes New York Alfred A Knopf p 382 ISBN 978 0679439073 Retrieved December 5 2021 Harrison Thomas 2011 Music in the 1980s Santa Barbara ABC CLIO p 136 ISBN 9780313366000 Retrieved December 5 2021 a b c d e Slaton Shannon 2012 Mixing a Musical Broadway Theatrical Sound Mixing Techniques Waltham Focal Press p 51 ISBN 9781136111815 Tony Awards History Archived May 7 2010 at the Wayback Machine tonyawards com accessed February 25 2011 McKinley Jesse Tony Awards Finish Up With a Fuzzy Surprise Puppet Musical Wins Big as Does My Own Wife The New York Times June 7 2004 Venues at the Internet Broadway Database InternetBroadwayDatabase com accessed August 26 2011 Culwell Block Logan Pulitzer Winning Fat Ham Sets 2023 Broadway Bow Playbill com December 5 2022 McPhee Ryan Ramin Karimloo Jane Lynch Jared Grimes Join Beanie Feldstein in Funny Girl Broadway Revival Playbill com October 6 2021 Gans Andrew Sean Hayes to Return to Broadway in Doug Wright s Good Night Oscar Playbill com September 19 2022 Culwell Block Logan Ben Platt Micaela Diamond Bringing Parade Back to Broadway Playbill com January 10 2023 Culwell Block Logan Kimberly Akimbo to Play Broadway s Booth Theatre Reveals Full Creative Team Playbill com May 20 2022 Putnam Leah Neil Diamond Musical A Beautiful Noise Sets Broadway Dates Playbill com May 18 2022 Hall Margaret David Byrne Fatboy Slim Musical Here Lies Love Sets Broadway Dates Playbill com January 12 2023 Culwell Block Logan Peter Pan Goes Wrong Will Fly on Broadway This Season Playbill com January 5 2023 Putnam Leah Olivier Winning Life of Pi Will Cross the Ocean to Broadway in 2023 Playbill com October 24 2022 Culwell Block Logan June 2 2022 Larissa FastHorse s The Thanksgiving Play Sets Broadway Run With Second Stage Bess Woh s Camp Siegfried Joins Off Broadway Season Playbill Retrieved June 3 2022 Gans Andrew A Doll s House Revival Starring Jessica Chastain Finds Broadway Home Dates Set Playbill com November 29 2022 Gans Andrew amp Culwell Block Logan Linedy Genao Will Star in Andrew Lloyd Webber s Bad Cinderella on Broadway Playbill com October 3 2022 Masseron Meg Adrienne Warren Sets Broadway Return in Room Playbill com January 23 2023 Culwell Block Logan Prima Facie Starring Killing Eve s Jodie Comer Sets Broadway Theatre Dates Playbill com November 15 2022 Putnam Leah Tom Stoppard s Leopoldstadt Sets Dates and Theatre for Broadway Transfer Playbill com June 7 2022 Culwell Block Logan Josh Groban and Annaleigh Ashford to Lead Broadway Revival of Sweeney Todd Playbill com September 6 2022 Gans Andrew Laurie Metcalf Tatiana Maslany Sophia Anne Caruso Will Star in Broadway Thriller Grey House Playbill com February 21 2023 Hall Margaret The Jonas Brothers Are Broadway Bound Playbiil com February 24 2023 Culwell Block Logan Bob Fosse s Dancin Will Return to Broadway Playbill com November 10 2022 Culwell Block Logan Alex Newell John Behlmann Andrew Durand More to Bring New Musical Shucked to Broadway This Season Playbill com November 14 2022 TSX Broadway s New Superstructure Begins Assembly at 1568 Broadway in Times Square Manhattan New York YIMBY April 17 2021 Retrieved October 16 2021 Culwell Block Logan John Kander Fred Ebb and Lin Manuel Miranda s New York New York Sets Broadway Dates Theatre Playbill com October 26 2022 Brunner Raven Laura Linney to Star in World Premiere of Summer 1976 on Broadway at Manhattan Theatre Club Playbill com August 30 2022 Culwell Black Logan Christian Borle J Harrison Ghee Adrianna Hicks to Star in Some Like It Hot on Broadway Playbill com April 20 2022 Culwell Block Logan West End s amp Juliet Musical Sets Fall Broadway Bow With Betsy Wolfe Paulo Szot More Playbill com July 7 2022 Culwell Block Logan Nathan Lane Danny Burstein Zoe Wanamaker to Star in Pictures From Home on Broadway Playbill com October 25 2022 Wild Stephi New Broadway Dates Announced For Camelot at Lincoln Center Theater BroadwayWorld com June 29 2022 Culwell Block Logan Back to the Future The Musical Sets Broadway Bow Roger Bart and Hugh Coles to Lead the Cast Playbill com October 21 2022 Paulson Michael February 16 2023 Jason Alexander Will Direct a Comedy on Broadway This Summer The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 16 2023 Brunner Raven Jocelyn Bioh s Jaja s African Hair Braiding to Launch Manhattan Theatre Club s 2023 24 Broadway Season Playbill com September 7 2022 Culwell Block Logan December 16 2022 Merrily We Roll Along Revival Will Hit Broadway in 2023 Playbill Archived from the original on December 16 2022 Retrieved December 16 2022 Wiegand Chris The Mousetrap Agatha Christie s West End hit to make Broadway debut after 70 years TheGuardian com November 25 2022 Paulson Michael December 2 2022 Doing It Again Spears Songs and Fairy Tale Characters Now for Broadway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 24 2023 Paulson Michael February 1 2023 Leslie Odom Jr Plans Return to Broadway in Purlie Victorious The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 16 2023 Culwell Block Logan The Wiz Will Ease on Back to Broadway in 2024 Playbill com December 1 2022Further reading EditAckerman Alan Liberalism Democracy and the Twentieth Century American Theater American Literary History 2005 17 4 pp 765 780 Bordman Gerald American Musical Comedy Oxford University Press 1982 Bordman Gerald American Operetta Oxford University Press 1981 Knapp Raymond The American Musical and the Formation of National Identity Princeton University Press 2005 Middeke Martin et al The Methuen Drama Guide to Contemporary American Playwrights 2013 Mordden Ethan Anything Goes A History of American Musical Theatre 2013 Roudane Matthew Charles American Drama Since 1960 A Critical History 1996 Shiach Don American Drama 1900 1990 2000 Stempel Larry Showtime A History of the Broadway Musical Theater WW Norton 2010 826 pp Weales Gerald Clifford American drama since World War II 1962 White Timothy R Blue Collar Broadway The Craft and Industry of American Theater 2014 Wolf Stacy Changed for Good A Feminist History of the Broadway Musical 2010 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Broadway theatre The Internet Broadway Database The Houses of Broadway The New York Times April 30 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Broadway theatre amp oldid 1142556647, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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