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Wikipedia

Cleveland Clinic

January 26, 2023

Cleveland Clinic is a nonprofit American academic medical center based in Cleveland, Ohio. Owned and operated by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, an Ohio nonprofit corporation established in 1921, it runs a 170-acre (69 ha) campus in Cleveland, as well as 11 affiliated hospitals, 19 family health centers in Northeast Ohio,[1][2] and hospitals in Florida and Nevada.[4] International operations include the Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi hospital in the United Arab Emirates and Cleveland Clinic Canada, which has two executive health and sports medicine clinics in Toronto.[4] Another hospital campus in the United Kingdom, Cleveland Clinic London, opened to outpatients in 2021 and fully opened in 2022.[5][6] Tomislav Mihaljevic is the president and CEO.[7]

Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland Clinic (Miller Family Pavilion)
Geography
Location9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Coordinates41°30′09″N 81°37′16″W / 41.502595°N 81.621066°W / 41.502595; -81.621066Coordinates: 41°30′09″N 81°37′16″W / 41.502595°N 81.621066°W / 41.502595; -81.621066
Organization
Care systemPrivate
FundingNon-profit hospital
TypeTeaching
Affiliated university
Services
Emergency departmentYes
Beds1,400 (Main Campus)
2,588 (11 affiliated hospitals in Northeast Ohio)
1,289 (1 hospital & medical center and 5 affiliated hospitals in Florida)
564 (1 hospital in Dhabi, United Arab Emirates)
185 (1 hospital in London, United Kingdom)
2 outpatient clinics in Toronto, Canada
19 family health and ambulatory surgical centers in Northeast Ohio,[1][2]
Total beds in Cleveland Clinic Foundation: 6,026
Helipads
HelipadFAA LID: 6OI8[3]
Number Length Surface
ft m
H11,289 55 17 Concrete
History
Opened1921
Links
Websiteclevelandclinic.org
ListsHospitals in Ohio

Cleveland Clinic is consistently ranked as one of the best hospitals in the United States. In 2018–2019, the U.S. News & World Report ranked Cleveland Clinic as the number 2 hospital in the Best Hospitals Honor Roll, as it was nationally ranked in 14 adult and 10 pediatric specialties.[8] Cleveland Clinic conducts its pediatric operations through the Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital. Cleveland Clinic's cardiology program has ranked No. 1 in the nation since 1995.[9]

Cleveland Clinic's operating revenue in 2017 was $8.4 billion and its operating income $330 million.[10] That year it recorded 7.6 million patient visits and 229,132 admissions. As of 2019, it has over 67,500 employees, a figure that includes over 17,000 registered nurses and advanced practice providers and over 4,520 physicians and scientists in 140 specialties.[4] It is affiliated with Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, with which it started a physician-investigator medical training program: the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine.[11] Cleveland Clinic is also the teaching hospital for Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine. In addition, Cleveland Clinic has 1,974 residents and fellows in 104 training programs approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).[12] The Cleveland Clinic publishes the peer-reviewed journal Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine.[13]

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation is the third largest doctors group in the United States with 15,330 medical professionals as of September 1, 2022.[14]

History

Beginnings

Main article: History of Cleveland Clinic

The organization grew out of the surgical practice of Frank J. Weed (died 1891) at 16 Church Street on the near-west side of Cleveland.[15][16] The practice was purchased by his two assistants, Frank E. Bunts and George Washington Crile.[17][18] In 1892 they were joined by Crile's cousin, William E. Lower,[19] and in 1897 the practice moved to the Osborn Building on Prospect Avenue, downtown Cleveland.[15][20]

 
Frank Emory Bunts

A four-story outpatient building was constructed, and Cleveland Clinic was dedicated at a private ceremony on February 26, 1921.[21][22] It opened its doors two days later to the public and registered 42 patients.[23] By April 1921, it had 60 employees, including 14 physicians and four nurses.[24] In 1922 the founders purchased four private homes nearby for hospitalization, radiation treatment, and administration.[24] A fifth house was acquired as a residence for patients with diabetes receiving insulin treatments.[24][25] To meet rising patient volume, a 184-bed hospital was built in 1924, located at East 90th Street and Carnegie Avenue.[26] A power plant, laundry, and ice plant were also built.[24][27] A research laboratory was constructed in 1928.[24][28]

Cleveland Clinic fire

Further information: Cleveland Clinic fire of 1929
 
Cleveland Clinic's original building, built in 1921

On May 15, 1929, nitrocellulose x-ray films stored in the basement of the outpatient building ignited.[29][30][31] An explosion sent a cloud of toxic oxides of nitrogen and carbon though the building. One hundred and twenty-three people, including John Phillips, one of the founders, lost their lives.[32][33] A dozen investigating agencies were not able to determine what had caused the fire. Cleveland Clinic's own inquiry narrowed the possible causes down to spontaneous combustion caused by heat; a discarded cigarette or match; and contact with an extension cord light hung over a stack of films.[30]

Philanthropist Samuel Mather formed a committee of 36 community leaders to help Cleveland Clinic reestablish itself in temporary quarters across the street.[30][34][35] Patient care services resumed five days later.[34] The 1921 building was completely renovated, and a new three-story clinic building, with a new main entrance, was added in 1931.[30] All debts were repaid by 1941.[36]

Growth of specialization

 
George Washington Crile, one of the founders

Cleveland Clinic built new operating rooms in the early 1970s to accommodate the growth of cardiac surgery.[27] The Martha Holden Jennings Education Building opened in 1964, with an auditorium named for Dr. Bunts. A new hospital building (currently home to Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital) opened in 1966, and a research building opened in 1974 (demolished in 2007).[27] A pathology and laboratory medicine building was constructed on Carnegie Avenue in 1980.[37]

Willian S. Kiser, chairman of the board 1977–1989,[38] led the development of a strategic plan to accommodate growing patient volumes in the late 1970s. This resulted in a group of buildings known as the Century Project. Completed in 1985, the Century Project includes a 14-story outpatient building (now known as the Crile Building) designed by architect Cesar Pelli.[39]

In September 2014, the Cleveland Clinic opened the center for Functional Medicine, directed by Mark Hyman.[40]

Research and education

Main article: Health Education Campus

The Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute (LRI) conducts biomedical research in a 480,000-square-foot building that opened in 1999,[41] following a $16 million donation from Al and Norma Lerner in 1997, the largest single charitable donation made to the Cleveland Clinic up until that point.[42] LRI hosts graduate student research through joint PhD programs in conjunction with nearby universities, including Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland State University (including an NIH-funded PhD program for minority and underrepresented students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), Kent State University and the University of Akron.[43][44]

In 2002, the Lerners eclipsed their previous gift and made a $100 million donation to establish the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine (CCLCM) within Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, opening in 2004.[45] Physician researcher Eric Topol played an important role in securing the donation from the Lerner family.[46] Topol served as Provost and Chief Academic Officer at CCLCM until 2006, when his position was eliminated amid controversy regarding his criticism of Vioxx and disagreements with other Cleveland Clinic leaders, including then-CEO Toby Cosgrove.[47] CCLCM is a five-year medical school program affiliated with the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine with 32 students per class, each receiving a scholarship for full tuition and fees.[48][49] While traditional MD-granting medical schools in the U.S. are four-year programs, the extra year in the program is dedicated to a year of research.[26] The curriculum is notable for its lack of class rank, pre-clinical or clinical grading, or end-of-course examinations.[50]

In 2019, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western opened the Samson Pavilion Health Education Campus on the campus of the Cleveland Clinic, a $515 million building project, amid a multi-million dollar joint fundraising campaign between CWRU and the Cleveland Clinic.[51] The campus houses students Case Western Reserve School of Medicine (CCLCM and traditional MD programs), Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing and Case School of Dental Medicine, all of which—with the exception of CCLCM—had previously held classes on the campus of CWRU and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center.[52] The move, announced in 2013, was a major contributing factor for University Hospitals to shift its name from University Hospitals Case Medical Center to University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center in 2016, as well as renegotiate its affiliation agreement with CWRU that same year.[53]

Cleveland Clinic publishes the peer-reviewed Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine monthly, focusing on internal medicine, endocrinology, and diabetes.[54]

Reputation

Cleveland Clinic is consistently regarded as one of the top hospital systems in the United States and in the world, and it is well regarded particularly in technological management systems.[55]

Rankings

In 2020–2021, Cleveland Clinic was ranked as the #2 overall hospital in the United States by the U.S. News & World Report, behind the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.[56] A total of 4,656 hospitals were considered in 12 main data-driven medical and surgical specialty areas and four additional specialty areas, collating data on patient safety, performance measures, and complication rates.[57] Cleveland Clinic was found to be nationally ranked in 14 adult specialties and 10 children's specialties and was recognized as the #1 hospital in Ohio and in the Cleveland Metropolitan Area. It also achieved the highest rating possible in 9 specified procedures or conditions: abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, aortic valve surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, colon cancer surgery, heart bypass surgery, heart failure, hip replacement, knee replacement, and lung cancer surgery.[58] In addition, for the 14th year in a row, Cleveland Clinic was ranked as the #1 hospital in the United States for cardiology and heart surgery as a specialty. Similarly, in 2021, Newsweek named Cleveland Clinic the number 2 hospital in the world, behind Mayo Clinic.[59]

In 2021, Gartner ranked Cleveland Clinic as the #1 healthcare supply chain.[60]

In 2022, The American Hospital Association (AHA) partnered with the Society for Healthcare Strategy and Market Development to engage the branding agency, Monigle to conduct consumer research with 28,000 Americans to rank hospital brands °… on their performance in delivering a humanized experience". The Cleveland Clinic was ranked first, followed by two other Ohio systems. Other systems, including Johns Hopkins ranked 6th; Mass General, 11th; and the Mayo Clinic ranked 15h.[61]

Safety

 
Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center

In a Kaiser Family Foundation review of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data for hospital acquired conditions in 2014, Cleveland Clinic received an 8.7 score (1–10 possible, with 10 being the worst), in the bottom 7% of hospitals.[62]

Between 2010 and 2013, CMS undertook an extensive series of investigations into the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, with at least a dozen inspections and follow-up visits triggered by patient complaints.[63][64] An analysis of Medicare inspection data between 2011 and 2014 found that the Cleveland Clinic Foundation was one of at least 230 instances in which validated serious incidents—dubbed "immediate jeopardy" complaints—led CMS to threaten loss of ability to serve Medicare patients unless the problems were fixed immediately. Due to numerous serious ongoing safety violations, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation was on payment termination track for 19 months, placing at stake $1B in annual Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement.[63] The citations were reported and analyzed in detail by Modern Healthcare, which posted some of the safety documents.[63][64]

In its 2020 Overall Hospital Quality Star Ratings, CMS gave a five-star rating to the Cleveland Clinic, as well as several community hospitals in the Cleveland Clinic system, including Fairview Hospital, Hillcrest Hospital, and Lutheran Hospital.[65] In these ratings, Cleveland Clinic Martin North Hospital received a one-star rating.[66]

During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, administration at the Cleveland Clinic initially instructed employees that they were not allowed to wear face masks outside of patient care areas.[67] The Cleveland Clinic stated they made this decision as they felt the current body of evidence at the time did not support their use.[67] Other hospitals however require such masks.[67] Later, with growing evidence of mask efficacy, this policy were revised and all staff members were required to wear cloth or protective masks.[68] Masks were obtained from a variety of sources, including Amish and sports apparel manufacturers, among other suppliers.[69][70]

In 2021, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the Cleveland Clinic permitted its staff to be unvaccinated against COVID.[71]

Locations

Cleveland Clinic operates 19[1][2] family health and ambulatory surgery centers in surrounding communities, a 1,000 bed multispecialty hospital and family health center in Weston, Florida, and two Cleveland Clinic Canada locations in Toronto, Canada.[72] The system operates 11 affiliated hospitals in northeast Ohio, numbering 2,588 total beds.[73] Additionally Cleveland Clinic operates five affiliated hospitals in Florida with 289 total beds, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi with 564 total beds, and London, United Kingdom with 185 total beds; for a grand total of 6,026 beds.[74][6]

Ohio locations

 
Cleveland Clinic original building located on the main campus along Euclid Ave., built in 1921.

Cleveland Clinic's main campus consists of 60 buildings on 170 acres (69 ha) near University Circle, in Fairfax, Cleveland.[75]

In 1996, the Cleveland Clinic took over Fairview Health System centered on Fairview Hospital and serving the West Side of Cleveland and the western suburbs.[76] In the same year, the Cleveland Clinic also took over the four-hospital Meridia Health System, absorbing Euclid Hospital in Euclid, Hillcrest Hospital in Mayfield Heights, Huron Hospital in East Cleveland, and South Pointe Hospital in Warrensville Heights.[76] In October 2010, the Cleveland Clinic announced plans to close the Level II Trauma Center at Huron Hospital, prompting a joint lawsuit from the cities of Cleveland and East Cleveland, which was later dropped after the Clinic delayed closure plans.[77] In 2011, amid criticism from residents and leaders in East Cleveland, the Clinic closed Huron Hospital,[77] replacing it with a community health center and leaving the east side of Cleveland without a trauma center until University Hospitals opened a Level I trauma center in 2015.[78] In May 2017 Cleveland Clinic reached an agreement to acquire 150-bed Union Hospital in Dover, Ohio.[79] In February 2021, Mercy Medical Center in Canton, Ohio became a full member of the Cleveland Clinic health system, while retaining its Catholic affiliation through sponsorship with the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine.[80]

Cleveland Clinic Akron General

Main article: Cleveland Clinic Akron General

Cleveland Clinic Akron General formerly known as Akron General Medical Center, and commonly known as Akron Gen, is a nationally ranked, 511-bed non-profit, teaching hospital located in Akron, Ohio.[81] In August 2015, the Akron General Health System joined the Cleveland Clinic Health System. Akron General includes Akron General Hospital, Visiting Nurse Service and Affiliates, Hospice of VNS, Lodi Community Hospital, Edwin Shaw Rehabilitation Institute, and three health and wellness centers.[82] As the hospital is a teaching hospital, it is affiliated with the Northeast Ohio Medical University and the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine.[83] Cleveland Clinic Akron General’s Paramedic Education Program was initiated in 1976 as a commitment to the community in providing pre-hospital care to citizen within Summit County and adjoining areas.[84] The hospital is also an American College of Surgeons verified Level 1 Trauma Center, the one of three in the region and one of 11 in Ohio, the other two in Cleveland.[85] Additionally, the hospital has a rooftop helipad to handle the emergent transport of critical patients to and from the hospital.[86]

Cleveland Clinic Children's

Main article: Cleveland Clinic Children's

Cleveland Clinic Children's (CCC) is a pediatric acute care children's teaching hospital located in Cleveland, Ohio on the main campus of Cleveland Clinic. The hospital has 389 pediatric beds[87] and is affiliated with Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine,[11] Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout Cleveland and the wider northern Ohio region.[88][89] Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. The hospital is a few blocks away from the Ronald McDonald House of Cleveland.[90]

U.S. locations

 
Frank Gehry-designed Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada
Main article: Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health

In May 2010, Cleveland Clinic's Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health opened in a unique structure designed by architect Frank Gehry in Las Vegas, Nevada.[91] In 2018, the Indian River Medical Center in Vero Beach, Florida, and Martin Health, consisting of a hospital in Port St. Lucie and two hospitals in Stuart, Florida, joined the Cleveland Clinic system.[92]

International locations

Main article: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi

In 2006, the Cleveland Clinic opened Cleveland Clinic Canada, a 26,000-square-foot outpatient clinic in downtown Toronto, offering both Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) and non-OHIP services.[93] In 2017, Cleveland Clinic Canada acquired the Sports Medicine Specialists located in midtown Toronto.

An overseas location, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, opened in 2015.[94]

The organization began work renovating an historic building at 33 Grosvenor Place in central London, England, in 2018. Demolition of the interior of the six-story, 198,000-square-foot building has begun, with an estimated opening date in early 2022.[95][6]

Finances

In 2011 Cleveland Clinic was second on the Becker's Hospital Review list of top-grossing hospitals in the United States, with total patient revenue of $9.14 billion.[96] The hospital posted $243 million operating income on $8 billion revenue in 2016. Operating income fell about 50% from 2015, which it said was due to shrinking reimbursements and rising drug costs.[97][98] In 2017 its operating income was $330M on $8.4B in revenue.[10]

In 2015, the Clinic's endowment stood at more than $12 billion.[99] During the coronavirus pandemic, the Cleveland Clinic received a $199 million grant from the United States Department of Health and Human Services under the CARES Act, funding that was intended to prevent health care providers from going under. In 2019, the Cleveland Clinic reported having $7 billion in cash reserves, with investment profits of $1.2 billion.[100]

In addition, Cleveland Clinic plays a significant role in the regional economy of Cleveland and the statewide economy. As of 2019, it is Ohio's largest employer, and generates $17.8 billion for the state.[101][102]

See also

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  96. ^ Oh J. (August 29, 2011). "100 Top Grossing Hospitals in America". Becker's Hospital Review.
  97. ^ Coutre, Lydia (February 15, 2017). "2016 was a tough year for Cleveland Clinic finances". Crain's Cleveland Business. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  98. ^ Zeltner, Brie (February 15, 2017). "Cleveland Clinic CEO Toby Cosgrove reports rough financial year for hospital in 2016". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  99. ^ "Cleveland Clinic Creates Internal CIO Role - Chief Investment Officer". www.ai-cio.com.
  100. ^ Drucker, Jesse; Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Kliff, Sarah (May 25, 2020). "Wealthiest Hospitals Got Billions in Bailout for Struggling Health Providers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  101. ^ Mihaljevic, Tom (September 27, 2018). "Cleveland Clinic Injects $17.8 Billion into Ohio's Economy". Clevelandclinic.org. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  102. ^ Exner, Rich (June 17, 2019). "Ohio's 100 largest employers - 2019 rankings led by Cleveland Clinic, Walmart, others". Cleveland.com. The Plain Dealer. Retrieved June 17, 2019.

Further reading

  • Ewart Grabowski, Diane (1996). Without Whose Aid: Nursing and the Cleveland Clinic. Cleveland: The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. ISBN 9780961542429.
  • Cosgrove, Toby (2014). The Cleveland Clinic Way: Lessons in Excellence From One of the World's Leading Healthcare Organizations. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 9780071827249. OCLC 862041447.

January 26, 2023
cleveland, clinic, nonprofit, american, academic, medical, center, based, cleveland, ohio, owned, operated, foundation, ohio, nonprofit, corporation, established, 1921, runs, acre, campus, cleveland, well, affiliated, hospitals, family, health, centers, northe. Cleveland Clinic is a nonprofit American academic medical center based in Cleveland Ohio Owned and operated by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation an Ohio nonprofit corporation established in 1921 it runs a 170 acre 69 ha campus in Cleveland as well as 11 affiliated hospitals 19 family health centers in Northeast Ohio 1 2 and hospitals in Florida and Nevada 4 International operations include the Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi hospital in the United Arab Emirates and Cleveland Clinic Canada which has two executive health and sports medicine clinics in Toronto 4 Another hospital campus in the United Kingdom Cleveland Clinic London opened to outpatients in 2021 and fully opened in 2022 5 6 Tomislav Mihaljevic is the president and CEO 7 Cleveland ClinicCleveland Clinic Miller Family Pavilion GeographyLocation9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Ohio United StatesCoordinates41 30 09 N 81 37 16 W 41 502595 N 81 621066 W 41 502595 81 621066 Coordinates 41 30 09 N 81 37 16 W 41 502595 N 81 621066 W 41 502595 81 621066OrganizationCare systemPrivateFundingNon profit hospitalTypeTeachingAffiliated universityCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Kent State University College of Podiatric MedicineServicesEmergency departmentYesBeds1 400 Main Campus 2 588 11 affiliated hospitals in Northeast Ohio 1 289 1 hospital amp medical center and 5 affiliated hospitals in Florida 564 1 hospital in Dhabi United Arab Emirates 185 1 hospital in London United Kingdom 2 outpatient clinics in Toronto Canada19 family health and ambulatory surgical centers in Northeast Ohio 1 2 Total beds in Cleveland Clinic Foundation 6 026HelipadsHelipadFAA LID 6OI8 3 Number Length Surfaceft mH11 289 55 17 ConcreteHistoryOpened1921LinksWebsiteclevelandclinic wbr orgListsHospitals in OhioCleveland Clinic is consistently ranked as one of the best hospitals in the United States In 2018 2019 the U S News amp World Report ranked Cleveland Clinic as the number 2 hospital in the Best Hospitals Honor Roll as it was nationally ranked in 14 adult and 10 pediatric specialties 8 Cleveland Clinic conducts its pediatric operations through the Cleveland Clinic Children s Hospital Cleveland Clinic s cardiology program has ranked No 1 in the nation since 1995 9 Cleveland Clinic s operating revenue in 2017 was 8 4 billion and its operating income 330 million 10 That year it recorded 7 6 million patient visits and 229 132 admissions As of 2019 it has over 67 500 employees a figure that includes over 17 000 registered nurses and advanced practice providers and over 4 520 physicians and scientists in 140 specialties 4 It is affiliated with Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine with which it started a physician investigator medical training program the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine 11 Cleveland Clinic is also the teaching hospital for Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine In addition Cleveland Clinic has 1 974 residents and fellows in 104 training programs approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education ACGME 12 The Cleveland Clinic publishes the peer reviewed journal Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 13 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation is the third largest doctors group in the United States with 15 330 medical professionals as of September 1 2022 14 Contents 1 History 1 1 Beginnings 1 2 Cleveland Clinic fire 1 3 Growth of specialization 2 Research and education 3 Reputation 3 1 Rankings 3 2 Safety 4 Locations 4 1 Ohio locations 4 1 1 Cleveland Clinic Akron General 4 1 2 Cleveland Clinic Children s 4 2 U S locations 4 3 International locations 5 Finances 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingHistory EditBeginnings Edit Main article History of Cleveland Clinic The organization grew out of the surgical practice of Frank J Weed died 1891 at 16 Church Street on the near west side of Cleveland 15 16 The practice was purchased by his two assistants Frank E Bunts and George Washington Crile 17 18 In 1892 they were joined by Crile s cousin William E Lower 19 and in 1897 the practice moved to the Osborn Building on Prospect Avenue downtown Cleveland 15 20 Frank Emory Bunts A four story outpatient building was constructed and Cleveland Clinic was dedicated at a private ceremony on February 26 1921 21 22 It opened its doors two days later to the public and registered 42 patients 23 By April 1921 it had 60 employees including 14 physicians and four nurses 24 In 1922 the founders purchased four private homes nearby for hospitalization radiation treatment and administration 24 A fifth house was acquired as a residence for patients with diabetes receiving insulin treatments 24 25 To meet rising patient volume a 184 bed hospital was built in 1924 located at East 90th Street and Carnegie Avenue 26 A power plant laundry and ice plant were also built 24 27 A research laboratory was constructed in 1928 24 28 Cleveland Clinic fire Edit Further information Cleveland Clinic fire of 1929 Cleveland Clinic s original building built in 1921 On May 15 1929 nitrocellulose x ray films stored in the basement of the outpatient building ignited 29 30 31 An explosion sent a cloud of toxic oxides of nitrogen and carbon though the building One hundred and twenty three people including John Phillips one of the founders lost their lives 32 33 A dozen investigating agencies were not able to determine what had caused the fire Cleveland Clinic s own inquiry narrowed the possible causes down to spontaneous combustion caused by heat a discarded cigarette or match and contact with an extension cord light hung over a stack of films 30 Philanthropist Samuel Mather formed a committee of 36 community leaders to help Cleveland Clinic reestablish itself in temporary quarters across the street 30 34 35 Patient care services resumed five days later 34 The 1921 building was completely renovated and a new three story clinic building with a new main entrance was added in 1931 30 All debts were repaid by 1941 36 Growth of specialization Edit George Washington Crile one of the founders Cleveland Clinic built new operating rooms in the early 1970s to accommodate the growth of cardiac surgery 27 The Martha Holden Jennings Education Building opened in 1964 with an auditorium named for Dr Bunts A new hospital building currently home to Cleveland Clinic Children s Hospital opened in 1966 and a research building opened in 1974 demolished in 2007 27 A pathology and laboratory medicine building was constructed on Carnegie Avenue in 1980 37 Willian S Kiser chairman of the board 1977 1989 38 led the development of a strategic plan to accommodate growing patient volumes in the late 1970s This resulted in a group of buildings known as the Century Project Completed in 1985 the Century Project includes a 14 story outpatient building now known as the Crile Building designed by architect Cesar Pelli 39 In September 2014 the Cleveland Clinic opened the center for Functional Medicine directed by Mark Hyman 40 Research and education EditMain article Health Education Campus The Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute LRI conducts biomedical research in a 480 000 square foot building that opened in 1999 41 following a 16 million donation from Al and Norma Lerner in 1997 the largest single charitable donation made to the Cleveland Clinic up until that point 42 LRI hosts graduate student research through joint PhD programs in conjunction with nearby universities including Case Western Reserve University Cleveland State University including an NIH funded PhD program for minority and underrepresented students in science technology engineering and mathematics Kent State University and the University of Akron 43 44 In 2002 the Lerners eclipsed their previous gift and made a 100 million donation to establish the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine CCLCM within Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine opening in 2004 45 Physician researcher Eric Topol played an important role in securing the donation from the Lerner family 46 Topol served as Provost and Chief Academic Officer at CCLCM until 2006 when his position was eliminated amid controversy regarding his criticism of Vioxx and disagreements with other Cleveland Clinic leaders including then CEO Toby Cosgrove 47 CCLCM is a five year medical school program affiliated with the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine with 32 students per class each receiving a scholarship for full tuition and fees 48 49 While traditional MD granting medical schools in the U S are four year programs the extra year in the program is dedicated to a year of research 26 The curriculum is notable for its lack of class rank pre clinical or clinical grading or end of course examinations 50 In 2019 Cleveland Clinic and Case Western opened the Samson Pavilion Health Education Campus on the campus of the Cleveland Clinic a 515 million building project amid a multi million dollar joint fundraising campaign between CWRU and the Cleveland Clinic 51 The campus houses students Case Western Reserve School of Medicine CCLCM and traditional MD programs Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing and Case School of Dental Medicine all of which with the exception of CCLCM had previously held classes on the campus of CWRU and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center 52 The move announced in 2013 was a major contributing factor for University Hospitals to shift its name from University Hospitals Case Medical Center to University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center in 2016 as well as renegotiate its affiliation agreement with CWRU that same year 53 Cleveland Clinic publishes the peer reviewed Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine monthly focusing on internal medicine endocrinology and diabetes 54 Reputation EditCleveland Clinic is consistently regarded as one of the top hospital systems in the United States and in the world and it is well regarded particularly in technological management systems 55 Rankings Edit In 2020 2021 Cleveland Clinic was ranked as the 2 overall hospital in the United States by the U S News amp World Report behind the Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota 56 A total of 4 656 hospitals were considered in 12 main data driven medical and surgical specialty areas and four additional specialty areas collating data on patient safety performance measures and complication rates 57 Cleveland Clinic was found to be nationally ranked in 14 adult specialties and 10 children s specialties and was recognized as the 1 hospital in Ohio and in the Cleveland Metropolitan Area It also achieved the highest rating possible in 9 specified procedures or conditions abdominal aortic aneurysm repair aortic valve surgery chronic obstructive pulmonary disease colon cancer surgery heart bypass surgery heart failure hip replacement knee replacement and lung cancer surgery 58 In addition for the 14th year in a row Cleveland Clinic was ranked as the 1 hospital in the United States for cardiology and heart surgery as a specialty Similarly in 2021 Newsweek named Cleveland Clinic the number 2 hospital in the world behind Mayo Clinic 59 In 2021 Gartner ranked Cleveland Clinic as the 1 healthcare supply chain 60 In 2022 The American Hospital Association AHA partnered with the Society for Healthcare Strategy and Market Development to engage the branding agency Monigle to conduct consumer research with 28 000 Americans to rank hospital brands on their performance in delivering a humanized experience The Cleveland Clinic was ranked first followed by two other Ohio systems Other systems including Johns Hopkins ranked 6th Mass General 11th and the Mayo Clinic ranked 15h 61 Safety Edit Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center In a Kaiser Family Foundation review of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS data for hospital acquired conditions in 2014 Cleveland Clinic received an 8 7 score 1 10 possible with 10 being the worst in the bottom 7 of hospitals 62 Between 2010 and 2013 CMS undertook an extensive series of investigations into the Cleveland Clinic Foundation with at least a dozen inspections and follow up visits triggered by patient complaints 63 64 An analysis of Medicare inspection data between 2011 and 2014 found that the Cleveland Clinic Foundation was one of at least 230 instances in which validated serious incidents dubbed immediate jeopardy complaints led CMS to threaten loss of ability to serve Medicare patients unless the problems were fixed immediately Due to numerous serious ongoing safety violations the Cleveland Clinic Foundation was on payment termination track for 19 months placing at stake 1B in annual Medicare Medicaid reimbursement 63 The citations were reported and analyzed in detail by Modern Healthcare which posted some of the safety documents 63 64 In its 2020 Overall Hospital Quality Star Ratings CMS gave a five star rating to the Cleveland Clinic as well as several community hospitals in the Cleveland Clinic system including Fairview Hospital Hillcrest Hospital and Lutheran Hospital 65 In these ratings Cleveland Clinic Martin North Hospital received a one star rating 66 During the early phase of the COVID 19 pandemic administration at the Cleveland Clinic initially instructed employees that they were not allowed to wear face masks outside of patient care areas 67 The Cleveland Clinic stated they made this decision as they felt the current body of evidence at the time did not support their use 67 Other hospitals however require such masks 67 Later with growing evidence of mask efficacy this policy were revised and all staff members were required to wear cloth or protective masks 68 Masks were obtained from a variety of sources including Amish and sports apparel manufacturers among other suppliers 69 70 In 2021 amid the COVID 19 pandemic the Cleveland Clinic permitted its staff to be unvaccinated against COVID 71 Locations EditCleveland Clinic operates 19 1 2 family health and ambulatory surgery centers in surrounding communities a 1 000 bed multispecialty hospital and family health center in Weston Florida and two Cleveland Clinic Canada locations in Toronto Canada 72 The system operates 11 affiliated hospitals in northeast Ohio numbering 2 588 total beds 73 Additionally Cleveland Clinic operates five affiliated hospitals in Florida with 289 total beds Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi with 564 total beds and London United Kingdom with 185 total beds for a grand total of 6 026 beds 74 6 Ohio locations Edit Cleveland Clinic original building located on the main campus along Euclid Ave built in 1921 Cleveland Clinic s main campus consists of 60 buildings on 170 acres 69 ha near University Circle in Fairfax Cleveland 75 In 1996 the Cleveland Clinic took over Fairview Health System centered on Fairview Hospital and serving the West Side of Cleveland and the western suburbs 76 In the same year the Cleveland Clinic also took over the four hospital Meridia Health System absorbing Euclid Hospital in Euclid Hillcrest Hospital in Mayfield Heights Huron Hospital in East Cleveland and South Pointe Hospital in Warrensville Heights 76 In October 2010 the Cleveland Clinic announced plans to close the Level II Trauma Center at Huron Hospital prompting a joint lawsuit from the cities of Cleveland and East Cleveland which was later dropped after the Clinic delayed closure plans 77 In 2011 amid criticism from residents and leaders in East Cleveland the Clinic closed Huron Hospital 77 replacing it with a community health center and leaving the east side of Cleveland without a trauma center until University Hospitals opened a Level I trauma center in 2015 78 In May 2017 Cleveland Clinic reached an agreement to acquire 150 bed Union Hospital in Dover Ohio 79 In February 2021 Mercy Medical Center in Canton Ohio became a full member of the Cleveland Clinic health system while retaining its Catholic affiliation through sponsorship with the Sisters of Charity of St Augustine 80 Cleveland Clinic Akron General Edit Main article Cleveland Clinic Akron General Cleveland Clinic Akron General formerly known as Akron General Medical Center and commonly known as Akron Gen is a nationally ranked 511 bed non profit teaching hospital located in Akron Ohio 81 In August 2015 the Akron General Health System joined the Cleveland Clinic Health System Akron General includes Akron General Hospital Visiting Nurse Service and Affiliates Hospice of VNS Lodi Community Hospital Edwin Shaw Rehabilitation Institute and three health and wellness centers 82 As the hospital is a teaching hospital it is affiliated with the Northeast Ohio Medical University and the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine 83 Cleveland Clinic Akron General s Paramedic Education Program was initiated in 1976 as a commitment to the community in providing pre hospital care to citizen within Summit County and adjoining areas 84 The hospital is also an American College of Surgeons verified Level 1 Trauma Center the one of three in the region and one of 11 in Ohio the other two in Cleveland 85 Additionally the hospital has a rooftop helipad to handle the emergent transport of critical patients to and from the hospital 86 Cleveland Clinic Children s Edit Main article Cleveland Clinic Children s Cleveland Clinic Children s CCC is a pediatric acute care children s teaching hospital located in Cleveland Ohio on the main campus of Cleveland Clinic The hospital has 389 pediatric beds 87 and is affiliated with Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine 11 Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants children teens and young adults aged 0 21 throughout Cleveland and the wider northern Ohio region 88 89 Cleveland Clinic Children s Hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care The hospital is a few blocks away from the Ronald McDonald House of Cleveland 90 U S locations Edit Frank Gehry designed Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health Las Vegas Nevada Main article Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health In May 2010 Cleveland Clinic s Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health opened in a unique structure designed by architect Frank Gehry in Las Vegas Nevada 91 In 2018 the Indian River Medical Center in Vero Beach Florida and Martin Health consisting of a hospital in Port St Lucie and two hospitals in Stuart Florida joined the Cleveland Clinic system 92 International locations Edit Main article Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi In 2006 the Cleveland Clinic opened Cleveland Clinic Canada a 26 000 square foot outpatient clinic in downtown Toronto offering both Ontario Health Insurance Plan OHIP and non OHIP services 93 In 2017 Cleveland Clinic Canada acquired the Sports Medicine Specialists located in midtown Toronto An overseas location Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi opened in 2015 94 The organization began work renovating an historic building at 33 Grosvenor Place in central London England in 2018 Demolition of the interior of the six story 198 000 square foot building has begun with an estimated opening date in early 2022 95 6 Finances EditIn 2011 Cleveland Clinic was second on the Becker s Hospital Review list of top grossing hospitals in the United States with total patient revenue of 9 14 billion 96 The hospital posted 243 million operating income on 8 billion revenue in 2016 Operating income fell about 50 from 2015 which it said was due to shrinking reimbursements and rising drug costs 97 98 In 2017 its operating income was 330M on 8 4B in revenue 10 In 2015 the Clinic s endowment stood at more than 12 billion 99 During the coronavirus pandemic the Cleveland Clinic received a 199 million grant from the United States Department of Health and Human Services under the CARES Act funding that was intended to prevent health care providers from going under In 2019 the Cleveland Clinic reported having 7 billion in cash reserves with investment profits of 1 2 billion 100 In addition Cleveland Clinic plays a significant role in the regional economy of Cleveland and the statewide economy As of 2019 it is Ohio s largest employer and generates 17 8 billion for the state 101 102 See also EditList of hospitals in the United States Medical centers in the United States List of hospitals by capacity List of hospitals by staffReferences Edit a b c Dr Tarek Elsawy named new president of Reliant Medical telegram com a b c Kelly Gooch Cleveland Clinic to hire 500 RNs at 3 job fairs 6 things to know AirNav 6OI8 Cleveland Clinic Foundation Heliport Retrieved July 8 2017 a b c Facts amp Figures Cleveland Clinic Christ Ginger August 15 2018 Cleveland Clinic London opening will coincide with system s centennial cleveland com a b c Washington Julie September 23 2021 Cleveland Clinic London s outpatient center opens followed by London hospital in 2022 cleveland com Tomislav Mihaljevic Cleveland Clinic U S News amp World Report April 9 2019 U S News Rankings Cleveland Clinic Retrieved April 10 2019 a b Ellison Ayla March 1 2018 Cleveland Clinic s operating income rebounds to 330M Beckers Hospital Review a b Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine portals clevelandclinic org Retrieved April 10 2019 Graduate Medical Education About Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Largest Doctors Groups in the United States Retrieved October 21 2022 a b Kazi R A 2003 The life and times of George Washington Crile Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 49 3 289 290 PMID 14597804 English Peter C 1980 Shock Physiological Surgery and George Crile Greenwood Press p 62 Clough John D 2004 To Act as a Unit The Story of the Cleveland Clinic PDF Cleveland Ohio The Cleveland Clinic Foundation pp 21 23 ISBN 9781596240001 Smith Dale C 1986 Modern Surgery and the Development of Group Practice in the Midwest Caduceus 2 3 27 PMID 3297262 Sajadi Kamran P Goldman Howard B 2010 The History of Urology in Cleveland Ohio Urology 76 6 1293 7 doi 10 1016 j urology 2010 05 039 PMID 20810152 George Crile Whonamedit A dictionary of medical eponyms Retrieved August 25 2015 Mission Vision and Values Cleveland Clinic Accessed May 17 2015 Retrieved from http blog cleveland com medical 2008 09 07CGCLINICTIME pdf August 26 2015 Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine full citation needed Clifton Brad and Carmosino Jessica April 10 2013 Creating Cleveland Clinic Center for Public History and Digital Humanities Cleveland State University a b c d e Rowland Amy Feather 1938 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Ohio Memory a product of the Ohio Historical Society and the State Library of Ohio View Image server16007 contentdm oclc org a b Cleveland Clinic Foundation Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Case Western Reserve University May 11 2005 a b c Sheldon William C 2008 Pathfinders of the Heart the History of Cardiology at Cleveland Clinic Xlibris p 60 Rose William Ganson 1950 Cleveland The Making of a City Kent State University Press p 1011 Brown Gary The Monday After X ray films burn noxious fumes at Cleveland Clinic CantonRep com July 14 2014 a b c d Bellamy John Stark II 1995 They Died Crawling And other Tales of Cleveland Woe Cleveland Gray amp Company 218 232 National Affairs Cleveland Clinic Time May 27 1929 pp 15 16 Bellamy John Stark 2009 Cleveland s Greatest Disasters 16 Tragic True Tales of Death and Destruction An Anthology Gray amp Co pp 87 104 ISBN 9781598510584 OCLC 472202926 Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Cleveland Clinic Disaster Retrieved May 7 2011 a b Plain Dealer123 Die in Clinic Disaster Poison Gas Seeps into System Explosion Rocks Building August 23 1998 Reading Times May 17 1929 p2 Profiles in Performance Business Intelligence Journeys and the Roadmap for Change Howard Dresner Wiley amp Sons 2010 p 57 Porter Michael Teisberg Elizabeth 2014 Cleveland Clinic Growth Strategy 2014 Harvard Business School pp 4 5 Kastor John A 2005 Specialty care in the Era of managed care Cleveland clinic versus University hospitals of Cleveland J Jopkins University Press p 236 ISBN 0801881749 OCLC 875711188 retrieved from http pcparch com project crile clinic on August 26 2015 Archived August 22 2018 at the Wayback Machine Townsend Angela September 22 2014 Cleveland Clinic to open Center for Functional Medicine Dr Mark Hyman to be director Cleveland com Archived from the original on December 22 2020 Retrieved December 22 2020 Parker pope Tara October 26 2009 Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute Barber amp Hoffman Inc Archived from the original on October 20 2020 Retrieved July 27 2017 Lerner Donates 100 Million To Clinic Cleveland 19 News June 20 2002 Retrieved June 13 2020 Graduate Programs Research Education and Training Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Retrieved July 9 2020 Drees Jackie July 2 2020 Cleveland Clinic receives 1 2M to recruit minority underrepresented students in biomedical research program Becker s Hospital Review Retrieved July 9 2020 Boulian Tracy December 26 2010 The biggest gift they ever got Plain Dealer Retrieved June 13 2020 Robbins Gary September 15 2012 Eric Topol s tough prescription for improving medicine San Diego Union Tribune Retrieved June 14 2020 Mortland Shannon February 9 2006 Topol leaving for Case Crain s Business Cleveland Retrieved June 14 2020 Wang Shirley May 15 2008 Cleveland Clinic s Medical School To Offer Tuition Free Education Wall Street Journal Bednar Laura August 26 2016 Paths to a Ph D JCU Alumni Magazine Archived from the original on August 17 2019 Retrieved July 27 2017 Fishleder AJ Henson LC Hull AL April 2007 Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine An Innovative Approach to Medical Education and the Training of Physician Investigators Academic Medicine 82 4 390 6 doi 10 1097 ACM 0b013e318033364e PMID 17414197 Litt Steven July 21 2020 Is CWRU Cleveland Clinic Health Education Campus end of big box era as Clinic shifts focus Plain Dealer Retrieved June 13 2020 Litt Steven October 1 2015 Cleveland Clinic CWRU break ground on 515M Health Education Campus including dental clinic in Hough Plain Dealer Retrieved June 13 2020 Coutre Lydia September 8 2016 UH dropping Case from flagship medical center name Crain s Cleveland Business Retrieved June 13 2020 About Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Cleveland Clinic 2017 Retrieved April 9 2017 Adler Jerry November 26 2009 What Health Reform Can Learn From Cleveland Clinic Newsweek Harder Ben July 27 2021 America s Best Hospitals the 2021 22 Honor Roll and Overview U S News amp World Report FAQ How and Why We Rank and Rate Hospitals U S News amp World Report April 9 2019 U S News amp World Report Cleveland Clinic Procedures amp Conditions April 9 2019 World s Best Hospitals 2021 Newsweek February 22 2021 Retrieved March 6 2021 Gartner Announces Rankings of the Gartner Healthcare Supply Chain Top 25 for 2021 Gartner Retrieved November 17 2021 Diaz Naomi May 18 2022 The top 20 hospital brands in the US www beckershospitalreview com staff December 18 2014 Penalties For Hospital Acquired Conditions PDF Kaiser Health News Kaiser Family Foundation a b c Carlson Joe Cleveland Clinic cases highlight flaws in safety oversight Modern Healthcare June 7 2014 a b Carlson Joe Selected Cleveland Clinic hospital inspection reports Modern Healthcare June 7 2014 Vaidya Anuja January 29 2020 The 407 hospitals with 5 stars from CMS Becker s Hospital Review Retrieved February 21 2020 Masson Gabrielle January 30 2020 228 hospitals with a 1 star rating from CMS Becker s Hospital Review Retrieved February 21 2020 a b c Richtel Matt March 31 2020 Frightened Doctors Face Off With Hospitals Over Rules on Protective Gear The New York Times Retrieved March 31 2020 Yes You Can and Should Still Go to the ER for Emergencies During the COVID 19 Pandemic Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials May 1 2020 Retrieved May 15 2020 At Cleveland Clinic for example the following protocols are in place Caregivers wear masks All patients and visitors are also given cloth masks to wear to help prevent spread of the virus from anyone who has symptoms as well as those who might be infected but don t have symptoms In the emergency department workers wear protective masks and goggles Williamson Elizabeth April 9 2020 In Ohio the Amish Take on the Coronavirus The New York Times Retrieved May 15 2020 Bona Marc April 22 2020 Cleveland Clinic receives 15 000 masks from sports apparel manufacturer Fanatics Plain Dealer Retrieved May 15 2020 Washington Julie clevel com December 2 2021 University Hospitals Cleveland Clinic reverse orders will allow unvaccinated caregivers to stay on the job cleveland Retrieved December 12 2021 Cleveland Clinic Canada Exner Rich March 23 2020 How many hospital beds are near you Details by Ohio county Cleveland com Cleveland OH AdvanceOhio Kimmell Jackie September 16 2019 Cleveland Clinic wants to double its patient population in 5 years Can it do it Advisory Board com Washington DC The Advisory Board Steven Litt for The Plain Dealer January 22 2012 Cleveland Clinic s new master plan envisions bigger greener campus with ample room to grow for decades a b Solov Diane October 5 1996 Clinic is winner in competition for merger with Meridia System The Plain Dealer Retrieved October 10 2019 a b Tribble Sarah Jane June 6 2011 Cleveland Clinic closing Huron Hospital The Plain Dealer Retrieved October 10 2019 Magaw Timothy May 8 2015 University Hospitals plans to launch regional trauma network Crain s Business Cleveland Retrieved May 15 2020 Coutre Lydia June 11 2017 Cleveland Clinic continues its march south Crain s Cleveland Business Crain Publishing Retrieved June 13 2017 Vanac Mary December 8 2020 Mercy Medical Center in Canton joins Cleveland Clinic family of hospitals Cleveland Business Journal Retrieved April 6 2021 10 Things to Know About Akron General Medical Center www beckershospitalreview com Archived from the original on March 15 2016 Retrieved December 8 2020 Cleveland Clinic Exercises Option to take full Ownership of Akron General Akron Beacon Journal August 28 2015 Archived from the original on June 20 2017 Retrieved December 31 2015 Department of Medical Education Akron General Cleveland Clinic Akron General Archived from the original on December 14 2019 Retrieved December 8 2020 Education and Training Opportunities EMT amp Paramedic Education Akron General Cleveland Clinic Retrieved November 16 2021 Ohio Trauma Centers American College of Surgeons Archived from the original on October 7 2020 Retrieved December 8 2020 AirNav OH05 Cleveland Clinic Akron General Hospital Heliport www airnav com Archived from the original on December 8 2020 Retrieved December 8 2020 Cleveland Clinic Children s www childrenshospitals org Retrieved May 13 2020 Pediatric Rehabilitation amp Therapy Cleveland Clinic Children s Cleveland Clinic Retrieved May 13 2020 Specialties Amherst Family Health Center Cleveland Clinic Retrieved May 13 2020 House Guest FAQs Ronald McDonald House Cleveland Archived from the original on July 28 2020 Retrieved May 13 2020 Strain Eric April 4 2010 Lou Ruvo Center design defines purpose of facility Las Vegas Sun Las Vegas Sun Las Vegas NC Greenspan Media Group Retrieved March 20 2018 Vogel Mike December 18 2018 Expansion spree Cleveland Clinic is opening new facilities and buying others Florida Trend Retrieved February 21 2020 Svensson Lars Donley Brian Falcone Tomosso September 7 2018 Cleveland Clinic comes to London European Heart Journal 39 34 3161 3163 doi 10 1093 eurheartj ehy450 PMID 30202967 Sheikh Mohammed and Moroccan king inaugurate Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi The National December 4 2015 Retrieved December 4 2015 Christ Ginger January 30 2019 Cleveland Clinic London opening will coincide with system s centennial The Plain Dealer Cleveland OH AdvanceOhio Retrieved March 21 2021 Oh J August 29 2011 100 Top Grossing Hospitals in America Becker s Hospital Review Coutre Lydia February 15 2017 2016 was a tough year for Cleveland Clinic finances Crain s Cleveland Business Retrieved August 25 2017 Zeltner Brie February 15 2017 Cleveland Clinic CEO Toby Cosgrove reports rough financial year for hospital in 2016 The Plain Dealer Retrieved August 25 2017 Cleveland Clinic Creates Internal CIO Role Chief Investment Officer www ai cio com Drucker Jesse Silver Greenberg Jessica Kliff Sarah May 25 2020 Wealthiest Hospitals Got Billions in Bailout for Struggling Health Providers The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved May 25 2020 Mihaljevic Tom September 27 2018 Cleveland Clinic Injects 17 8 Billion into Ohio s Economy Clevelandclinic org Cleveland Clinic Retrieved September 27 2018 Exner Rich June 17 2019 Ohio s 100 largest employers 2019 rankings led by Cleveland Clinic Walmart others Cleveland com The Plain Dealer Retrieved June 17 2019 Further reading EditEwart Grabowski Diane 1996 Without Whose Aid Nursing and the Cleveland Clinic Cleveland The Cleveland Clinic Foundation ISBN 9780961542429 Cosgrove Toby 2014 The Cleveland Clinic Way Lessons in Excellence From One of the World s Leading Healthcare Organizations New York McGraw Hill Education ISBN 9780071827249 OCLC 862041447 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cleveland Clinic amp oldid 1131857093, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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