See culture hero for legendary founders of doubtful historicity. For figures that fall into that category, please add them to the Legendary section, not here.
^The religion of the Israelites of Iron Age I was based on a cult of ancestors and worship of family gods, the "gods of the fathers". With the emergence of the monarchy at the beginning of Iron Age II the kings promoted their family god, YHWH (Yahweh), as the god of the kingdom, but beyond the royal court, religion continued to be both polytheistic and family-centered. As such, this founding group is referred to as "Yahwists".
^Israel emerges into the historical record in the last decades of the 13th century BCE, at the very end of the Late Bronze Age, as the Canaanite city-state system was ending. In the words of archaeologist William Dever, "most of those who came to call themselves Israelites … were or had been indigenous Canaanites". The worship of YHWH (Yahweh) alone began at the earliest with Elijah in the 9th century BCE, but more likely with the prophet Hosea in the 8th; even then it remained the concern of a small party before gaining ascendancy in the exilic and early post-exilic period.
^historicity disputed but widely considered plausible. Gosta W. Ahlstrom argues the inconsistencies of the biblical tradition are insufficient to say that Ezra, with his central position as the 'father of Judaism' in the Jewish tradition, has been a later literary invention. (The History of Ancient Palestine, Fortress Press, p.888)
^ abcThe teaching of the traditional "founding father" of a "heresy" is may well have differed greatly from the contents of the heresy as generally understood. For references see following notes.
^Acc. to Rowan Williams, 'Arianism' was essentially a polemical creation of Athanasius in an attempt to show that the different alternatives to the Nicene Creed collapsed back into some form of Arius' teaching. (Arius, SCM (2001) p.247)
^Pelagius' thought was one sided and an inadequate interpretation of Christianity, but his disciples, Celestius and, to a greater extent, Julian of Eclanum pushed his ideas to extremes.(Kelly, J.N.D. Early Christian Doctrines A & C. Black (1965) p.361) Pelagius himself was declared orthodox by the synod of Diospolis in 415, after repudiating some of Celestius' opinions. (Frend, W.H.C. Saints and Sinners in the Early Church DLT (1985) p.133)
^Nestorius specifically endorsed the repudiation of "Nestorianism" reached at Chalcedon in 451 (Prestige, G.L. Fathers and Heretics SPCK (1963) p.130)
^Monophysitism represents an advanced type of Alexandrian Theology; it emerged in a distinctive form in 433 as a result of the agreement between John of Antioch and Cyril of Alexandria. The exaggerated form held by Eutyches was condemned in 451 by the Council of Chalcedon. In its moderate forms the divergence from orthodoxy may be simply terminological. Alexandrian Theology stressed both divine transcendence and a marked dualism between the material and the spiritual and so tended to nullify the humanity of Christ.(Cross & Livingstone. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (1974) arts. Monophysitism, Alexandrian Theology)
^Killebrew, Ann E. (2005). Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300–1100 B.C.E. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN978-1-58983-097-4.
^Hornung, Erik (1999). Akhenaten and the Religion of Light. Cornell University Press. ISBN978-0-8014-8725-5.
^Fisher, Mary Pat (1997). Living Religions: An Encyclopedia of the World's Faiths. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN978-1-86064-148-0. p. 115
^"Parshvanatha". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
^Bowker, John (2000). "Parsva". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. ISBN9780192800947. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
^Charpentier, Jarl (1922). "The History of the Jains". The Cambridge History of India. Vol. 1. Cambridge. p. 153.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Hendrix, Scott; Okeja, Uchenna, eds. (2018). The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 11. ISBN978-1440841385.
^Atheist, Friendly. "Thanks to a Technicality, Pastafarianism is Now an Official Religion in Poland!". patheos.com. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
Bibliographyedit
Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1998). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Active New Religions, Sects, and Cults (Revised ed.). Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN978-0-8239-2586-5.
Brueggemann, Walter (2002). Reverberations of Faith: A Theological Handbook of Old Testament Themes. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN978-0-664-22231-4.
Chryssides, George D. (2001). Historical dictionary of new religious movements. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN978-0-8108-4095-9.
Cousins, LS (1996), "The dating of the historical Buddha: a review article", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3, 6 (1): 57–63, doi:10.1017/s1356186300014760, S2CID 162929573
Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004). Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia (Volume 3). ABC-CLIO, Inc. ISBN978-1-57607-355-1.
Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli; Moore, Charles (1957). A Source Book in Indian Philosophy. Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0-691-01958-1.
Riegel, J (3 July 2002). "Confucius". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (2003), The Historical Buddha: The Times, Life, and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN978-8120818170
Smith, Christian; Joshua Prokopy (1999). Latin American Religion in Motion. New York: Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-92106-0.
list, founders, religious, traditions, legendary, figures, which, historicity, cannot, established, culture, hero, these, historical, figures, credited, with, founding, religions, religious, philosophies, codified, older, known, religious, traditions, list, in. For legendary figures for which historicity cannot be established see Culture hero These are historical figures credited with founding religions or religious philosophies or who codified older known religious traditions The list includes those who have founded a specific major denomination within a larger religion Contents 1 Legendary semi historical 2 Ancient before AD 500 3 Medieval to Early Modern 500 1800 AD 4 New religious movements post 1800 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 BibliographyLegendary semi historical editTraditional founder Religious tradition founded Historical founder s Life of historical founderNo single Founder Hinduism Indra Vedic Hinduism Hinduism The Saptarishi c 15th century BC to 10th century BCAbraham covenant with God Moses religious law Judaism Yahwists n 1 c 13th 1 2 3 to 8th century BC n 2 Laozi Taoism Zhuang Zhou 369 BC 286 BCAncient before AD 500 editSee culture hero for legendary founders of doubtful historicity For figures that fall into that category please add them to the Legendary section not here Founder Name Religious tradition founded Life of founderAkhenaten Atenism c 1353 BC 1336 BC 4 Zoroaster Zoroastrianism c 1000 BC 5 Parshvanatha The penultimate 23rd Tirthankara in Jainism 877 BC 777 BC 6 7 8 9 10 Numa Pompilius Roman Religion c 753 BC 672 BCNebuchadnezzar II built the Etemenanki established Marduk as the patron deity of Babylon c 634 BC 562 BC citation needed Ajita Kesakambali Charvaka 6th century BC 11 12 13 Mahavira The final 24th tirthankara in Jainism 599 BC 527 BC 14 15 16 Gautama Buddha Buddhism 563 BC 483 BC 17 18 Confucius Confucianism 551 BC 479 BC 19 20 Pythagoras Pythagoreanism fl 520 BCMozi Mohism 470 BC 390 BCMakkhali Gosala Ajivika 5th century BC 21 Ezra Second Temple Judaism 22 fl 459 BC n 3 Epicurus Epicureanism fl 307 BCZeno of Citium Stoicism 333 BC 264 BCPharnavaz I of Iberia Armazi 326 BC 234 BCValmiki Valmikism c 3rd century BC 23 Patanjali Raja yoga sect of Hinduism 2nd century BCJesus and the Twelve Apostles Christianity c 4 BC c 30 33 ADPaul the Apostle Pauline Christianity c 33 ADJames the Just Jewish Christianity c 33 ADLakulisha Pashupata Shaivism sect of Hinduism 1st century ADJudah the Prince Rabbinic Judaism 2nd century ADMontanus Montanism 2nd century ADMarcion of Sinope Marcionism 110 160Nagarjuna Madhyamaka 150 250Plotinus Neoplatonism 205 270Mani Manichaeism 216 274Arius n 4 Arianism n 5 250 336Pelagius n 4 Pelagianism n 6 354 430Nestorius n 4 Nestorianism n 7 386 451Eutyches Monophysitism n 8 380 456Medieval to Early Modern 500 1800 AD editName Religious tradition founded Life of founderMazdak Mazdakism died c 526Bodhidharma Zen more specifically Ch an 5th or 6th centuryMuhammad Islam c 570 632Songtsen Gampo Tibetan Buddhism 7th centuryEn no Gyōja Shugendō late 7th centuryHuineng East Asian Zen Buddhism 638 713Padmasambhava Nyingma 8th centuryHan Yu Neo Confucianism 8th or 9th centurySaichō Tendai descended from Tiantai 767 822Kukai Shingon Buddhism 774 835Adi Shankara Advaita Vedanta 788 820Ibn Nusayr Nusayrism late 9th centuryMatsyendranath Nath 10th centuryRamanuja Vishishtadvaita 1017 1137Great Peacemaker Great Law of Peace Between the 10th and 15th centuriesHamza ibn Ali ibn Aḥmad 24 Druze 11th centurySheikh Adi ibn Musafir Yazidism 12th centuryBasava Lingayatism 12th centuryHōnen Jōdo shu descended from Pure Land Buddhism 1131 1212Eisai Rinzai Zen descended from the Linji school 1141 1215Shinran Jōdo Shinshu descended from Jōdo shu 1173 1263Dōgen Sōtō Zen descended from the Caodong school 1200 1253Haji Bektash Veli Bektashi Order of Sufism 1209 1271Nichiren Nichiren Buddhism 1222 1282Abraham Abulafia Prophetic Kabbalah a k a ecstatic Kabbalah 1240 1290sDyaneshwar Varkari 1275 1296Madhvacharya Dvaita 1238 1317John Wycliffe Lollardy 1320s 1384Fazlu l Lah Astar Abadi Hurufism 14th centuryMahmoud Pasikhani Nuqṭawism late 14th centuryJan Hus Hussitism 1372 1415Tlacaelel Cult of Huitzilopochtli 1397 1487Ramananda Ramanandi Vaishnavism 15th centuryKabir Kabir Panth 1398 1448Pachacuti Cult of Inti 1418 1472Sankardev Ekasarana Dharma 1449 1568Ravidas Ravidassia c 1450 1520Guru Nanak Sikhism Nanak Panth 1469 1539Sri Chand Udasi 1494 1629Vallabha Acharya Shuddhadvaita 1479 1531Martin Luther Lutheranism and Protestantism in general 1483 1546Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Gaudiya Vaishnavism Achintya Bheda Abheda 1486 1534Thomas Cranmer Anglicanism Church of England 1489 1556Menno Simons Mennonite 1496 1561Conrad Grebel Swiss Brethren Anabaptists 1498 1526Jacob Hutter Hutterite 1500 1536Isaac Luria Lurianic Kabbalah 1534 1572Guru Angad Sikhism 1539 1552Sultan Sahak Yarsanism early 15th centuryGuru Amar Das Sikhism 1552 1572John Calvin Calvinism 25 1509 1564Michael Servetus 26 Unitarianism 1511 1553John Knox 27 Presbyterianism 1510 1572Guru Ram Das Sikhism 1574 1581Akbar Din i Ilahi 1542 1605Jacobus Arminius Arminianism 1560 1609John Smyth 28 Baptists 1570 1612Guru Arjan Sikhism 1571 1606Guru HarGobind Sahib Ji Sikhism 1606 1644Avvakum citation needed Old Believers of Russian Orthodox Church 1620 1682Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji Sikhism 1621 1675George Fox 29 Quakers 1624 1691Philipp Spener 30 Pietism 1635 1705Guru Har Rai Ji Sikhism 1644 1661Jakob Ammann Amish 1656 1730Guru Har Krishan Ji Sikhism 1661 1664Guru Gobind Singh Sikhism Khalsa Panth 1666 1708Emanuel Swedenborg The New Church 1688 1772Yisroel ben Eliezer Baal Shem Tov 31 Hasidic Judaism 1698 1760John Wesley 32 Charles Wesley George Whitefield Methodism 1703 1791Muhammad Ibn Abd al Wahhab Wahhabism 1703 1792Ann Lee 33 Shakers 1736 1784New religious movements post 1800 editFurther information List of new religious movements Name Religious tradition founded Life of founderShaykh Ahmad al Ahsa i 34 35 Shaykhism precursor of Babism 36 37 1753 1826Ram Mohan Roy Brahmo Samaj 1772 1833Swaminarayan Swaminarayan Sampraday 1781 1830Auguste Comte Religion of Humanity 1798 1857Nakayama Miki Tenrikyo 1798 1887Ignaz von Dollinger Old Catholic Church 1799 1890Phineas Quimby New Thought 1802 1866Allan Kardec Spiritism 1804 1869Joseph Smith Mormonism also known as the Latter Day Saint movement 1805 1844John Thomas Christadelphians 1805 1871Abraham Geiger Reform Judaism 1810 1874Jamgon Kongtrul Rime movement 1813 1899Hong Xiuquan Taiping Christianity 1814 1864Baha u llah 38 Bahaʼi Faith 1817 1892Bab Babism precursor of the Bahaʼi Faith 1819 1850James Springer White Seventh day Adventist Church 1821 1881Wang Jueyi Yiguandao 1821 1884Mary Baker Eddy 39 Christian Science 1821 1910Ramalinga Swamigal Samarasa Sutha Sanmarga Sangam 1823 1874Dayananda Saraswati Arya Samaj 1824 1883Ellen G White 40 Seventh day Adventist Church 1827 1915John Ballou Newbrough Faithism 1828 1891Helena Blavatsky Theosophy 1831 1891Ayya Vaikundar Ayyavazhi 1833 1851Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Ahmadiyya 1835 1908Guido von List Armanism Germanic mysticism 1848 1919Charles Taze Russell 41 Bible Student movement 1852 1916Wovoka Ghost Dance 1856 1932Rudolf Steiner Anthroposophy 1861 1925Swami Vivekananda Ramakrishna Mission 1863 1902William Irvine 42 Two by Twos and Cooneyites 1863 1947Max Heindel The Rosicrucian Fellowship 1865 1919Tsunesaburo Makiguchi Soka Gakkai 1871 1944Sri Aurobindo Integral yoga 1872 1950Mason Remey Orthodox Bahaʼi Faith 1874 1974Aleister Crowley Thelema 1875 1947Charles Fox Parham Pentecostalism 1873 1929 Father Divine International Peace Mission movement c 1876 1965Edgar Cayce Association for Research and Enlightenment 1877 1945Ngo Văn Chieu Caodaism 1878 1926Guy Ballard I AM Activity 1878 1939Frank Buchman Oxford Group Moral Re Armament 1878 1961Alfred G Moses Jewish Science 1878 1956John Slocum Indian Shaker Church 1881Mordecai Kaplan Reconstructionist Judaism 1881 1983Gerald Gardner Wicca 1884 1964Felix Manalo Iglesia ni Cristo Church of Christ 1886 1963Frank B Robinson Psychiana 1886 1948Noble Drew Ali Moorish Science Temple of America 1886 1929Marcus Garvey Rastafari 1887 1940Ernest Holmes Religious Science 1887 1960Sadafaldeo Vihangamyoga 1888 1954Aimee Semple McPherson 43 Foursquare Church 1890 1944Zelio Fernandino de Moraes 44 Umbanda 1891 1975Ida B Robinson Mount Sinai Holy Church of America 1891 1946B R Ambedkar Navayana Buddhism 1891 1956Wallace Fard Muhammad Nation of Islam 1891 1934 absentia Paramahansa Yogananda Yogoda Satsanga Society of India Self Realization Fellowship 1893 1952A C Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada International Society for Krishna Consciousness 1896 1977Ruth Norman Unarius 1900 1993Swami Muktananda Siddha Yoga 1908 1982Paul Twitchell Eckankar 1908 1971Ikurō Teshima Makuya 1910 1973L Ron Hubbard Dianetics and Scientology 1911 1986Chinmayananda Saraswati Chinmaya Mission 1916 1993Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Transcendental Meditation 1918 2008Samael Aun Weor Universal Christian Gnostic Movement 1917 1977Mark L Prophet The Summit Lighthouse 1918 1973Ben Klassen Creativity 1918 1993Ahn Sahng hong World Mission Society Church of God 1918 1985Huỳnh Phu Sổ Hoa Hảo 1919 1947Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Mujibism 1920 1975Yong Sun Myung Moon 45 Unification Church 1920 2012Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar Ananda Marga 1921 1990Clarence 13X Five Percent Nation 1922 1969Mestre Gabriel Uniao do Vegetal 1922 1971Nirmala Srivastava Sahaja Yoga 1923 2011Sveinbjorn Beinteinsson Asatru 1924 1993Sathya Sai Baba Sathya Sai Organization 1926 2011Anton LaVey Church of Satan LaVeyan Satanism 1930 1997Rajneesh 46 Rajneesh movement 1931 1990Mark L Prophet Elizabeth Clare Prophet 47 Church Universal and Triumphant 1918 1973 1939 2009Adi Da Adidam 1939 2008Claude Vorilhon Raelism 1946 Marshall Vian Summers New Message from God 1949 Li Hongzhi Falun Gong born 1951 or 1952Ryuho Okawa Happy Science 1956 2023Vissarion Church of the Last Testament 1961 Chris Korda Church of Euthanasia 1962 Tamara Siuda Kemetic Orthodoxy 1969 Olumba Olumba Obu Brotherhood of the Cross and Star 1918 Isak Gerson Missionary Church of Kopimism 1993 Bobby Henderson Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster 48 or Pastafarianism 1980 Erdogan Cinar Ishikism 21st centurySee also editBurial places of founders of world religions List of Buddha claimants List of messiah claimants List of people who have been considered deities List of religions and spiritual traditions Lists of religious leaders by century Timeline of religionNotes edit The religion of the Israelites of Iron Age I was based on a cult of ancestors and worship of family gods the gods of the fathers With the emergence of the monarchy at the beginning of Iron Age II the kings promoted their family god YHWH Yahweh as the god of the kingdom but beyond the royal court religion continued to be both polytheistic and family centered As such this founding group is referred to as Yahwists Israel emerges into the historical record in the last decades of the 13th century BCE at the very end of the Late Bronze Age as the Canaanite city state system was ending In the words of archaeologist William Dever most of those who came to call themselves Israelites were or had been indigenous Canaanites The worship of YHWH Yahweh alone began at the earliest with Elijah in the 9th century BCE but more likely with the prophet Hosea in the 8th even then it remained the concern of a small party before gaining ascendancy in the exilic and early post exilic period historicity disputed but widely considered plausible Gosta W Ahlstrom argues the inconsistencies of the biblical tradition are insufficient to say that Ezra with his central position as the father of Judaism in the Jewish tradition has been a later literary invention The History of Ancient Palestine Fortress Press p 888 a b c The teaching of the traditional founding father of a heresy is may well have differed greatly from the contents of the heresy as generally understood For references see following notes Acc to Rowan Williams Arianism was essentially a polemical creation of Athanasius in an attempt to show that the different alternatives to the Nicene Creed collapsed back into some form of Arius teaching Arius SCM 2001 p 247 Pelagius thought was one sided and an inadequate interpretation of Christianity but his disciples Celestius and to a greater extent Julian of Eclanum pushed his ideas to extremes Kelly J N D Early Christian Doctrines A amp C Black 1965 p 361 Pelagius himself was declared orthodox by the synod of Diospolis in 415 after repudiating some of Celestius opinions Frend W H C Saints and Sinners in the Early Church DLT 1985 p 133 Nestorius specifically endorsed the repudiation of Nestorianism reached at Chalcedon in 451 Prestige G L Fathers and Heretics SPCK 1963 p 130 Monophysitism represents an advanced type of Alexandrian Theology it emerged in a distinctive form in 433 as a result of the agreement between John of Antioch and Cyril of Alexandria The exaggerated form held by Eutyches was condemned in 451 by the Council of Chalcedon In its moderate forms the divergence from orthodoxy may be simply terminological Alexandrian Theology stressed both divine transcendence and a marked dualism between the material and the spiritual and so tended to nullify the humanity of Christ Cross amp Livingstone The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 1974 arts Monophysitism Alexandrian Theology References edit Albertz 1994 p 61 Grabbe 2008 pp 225 6 Killebrew Ann E 2005 Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity An Archaeological Study of Egyptians Canaanites Philistines and Early Israel 1300 1100 B C E Society of Biblical Literature ISBN 978 1 58983 097 4 Hornung Erik 1999 Akhenaten and the Religion of Light Cornell University Press ISBN 978 0 8014 8725 5 Melton 2003 p 191 Zimmer 1953 p 183 Fisher Mary Pat 1997 Living Religions An Encyclopedia of the World s Faiths London I B Tauris ISBN 978 1 86064 148 0 p 115 Parshvanatha Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol Encyclopaedia Britannica Online 2007 Retrieved 2007 10 22 Bowker John 2000 Parsva The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions Oxford Reference Online Oxford University Press ISBN 9780192800947 Retrieved 2007 10 22 Charpentier Jarl 1922 The History of the Jains The Cambridge History of India Vol 1 Cambridge p 153 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Radhakrishnan amp Moore 1957 pp 227 249 John M Koller 1977 Skepticism in Early Indian Thought Philosophy East and West 27 2 155 164 Dale Riepe 1996 Naturalistic Tradition in Indian Thought Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 8120812932 pages 53 58 Upinder Singh 2016 p 313 Zimmer 1953 p 222 Mahavira Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc 2006 Answers com 28 Nov 2009 http www answers com topic mahavira Cousins 1996 pp 57 63 Schumann 2003 pp 10 13 Hugan Yong 2013 Confucius A Guide for the Perplexed A amp C Black p 3 ISBN 9781441196538 Archived from the original on 2017 04 16 Riegel 2002 James Lochtefeld Ajivika The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism Vol 1 A M Rosen Publishing ISBN 978 0823931798 page 22 Brueggemann 2002 pp 75 144 Ramayana Summary Characters amp Facts Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 2020 08 12 Hendrix Scott Okeja Uchenna eds 2018 The World s Greatest Religious Leaders How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History 2 volumes ABC CLIO p 11 ISBN 978 1440841385 Melton 2003 p 67 Melton 2003 p 128 Melton 2003 p 69 Melton 2003 p 102 Melton 2003 p 95 Melton 2003 p 73 Melton 2003 p 183 Melton 2003 p 75 Melton 2003 p 724 AḤSAʾi SHAIKH AḤMAD Encyclopaedia Iranica Retrieved 2020 10 16 Individualism and the Mystical Path in Shaykh Ahmad al Ahsa i h net org Retrieved 2020 10 16 Shaykhism Oxford Bibliographies Retrieved 2020 10 16 SHAYKHISM Encyclopaedia Iranica Retrieved 2020 10 16 Melton 2003 p 992 Melton 2003 p 741 Melton 2003 p 621 Melton 2003 p 637 Chryssides 2001 p 330 Melton 2003 p 451 Smith and Prokopy 2003 p 279 280 Beit Hallahmi 1998 p 365 Melton 2003 p 1051 Beit Hallahmi 1998 p 97 Atheist Friendly Thanks to a Technicality Pastafarianism is Now an Official Religion in Poland patheos com Retrieved 7 February 2018 Bibliography editBeit Hallahmi Benjamin 1998 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Active New Religions Sects and Cults Revised ed Rosen Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 8239 2586 5 Brueggemann Walter 2002 Reverberations of Faith A Theological Handbook of Old Testament Themes Westminster John Knox Press ISBN 978 0 664 22231 4 Chryssides George D 2001 Historical dictionary of new religious movements The Scarecrow Press Inc ISBN 978 0 8108 4095 9 Cousins LS 1996 The dating of the historical Buddha a review article Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 3 6 1 57 63 doi 10 1017 s1356186300014760 S2CID 162929573 Jestice Phyllis G 2004 Holy People of the World A Cross cultural Encyclopedia Volume 3 ABC CLIO Inc ISBN 978 1 57607 355 1 Melton J Gordon 2003 Encyclopedia of American Religions Seventh ed Farmington Hills Michigan The Gale Group Inc ISBN 978 0 7876 6384 1 Radhakrishnan Sarvepalli Moore Charles 1957 A Source Book in Indian Philosophy Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 01958 1 Riegel J 3 July 2002 Confucius Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved 27 October 2018 Schumann Hans Wolfgang 2003 The Historical Buddha The Times Life and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 8120818170 Smith Christian Joshua Prokopy 1999 Latin American Religion in Motion New York Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 92106 0 Singh Upinder 2016 A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century Pearson Education ISBN 978 93 325 6996 6 Zimmer Heinrich 1953 April 1952 Campbell Joseph ed Philosophies Of India London Routledge amp Kegan Paul Ltd ISBN 978 81 208 0739 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of founders of religious traditions amp oldid 1213536995, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
