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Five-Percent Nation

July 17, 2023

The Five-Percent Nation, sometimes referred to as the Nation of Gods and Earths (NGE/NOGE) or the Five Percenters, is a Black nationalist movement influenced by Islam that was founded in 1964 in the Harlem section of the borough of Manhattan, New York City, by Allah the Father, who was previously known as Clarence 13X and, before that, Clarence Edward Smith.

The Five-Percent emblem, also known as the Universal Flag of Islam (I-Self Lord and Master).[1]
Allah the Father (formerly Clarence 13X), the founder of the Nation of Gods and Earths

Members of the group call themselves Allah's Five Percenters, which reflects the concept that ten percent of the people in the world are elites and their agents, who know the truth of existence and opt to keep eighty-five percent of the world in ignorance and under their controlling thumb; the remaining five percent are those who know the truth and are determined to enlighten the eighty-five percent.[2][3]

The Nation of Gods and Earths teaches the belief that Black people are the original people of the planet Earth and are therefore the fathers ("Gods") and mothers ("Earths") of civilization.[2] The Nation teaches that Supreme Mathematics and Supreme Alphabet, a set of principles created by Allah the Father, is the key to understanding humankind's relationship to the universe. The Nation teaches that the black man (insofar as the Nation defines this race) is himself God, with the black race thus being a race of actual gods.[2]

History

Founding

The Nation of Gods and Earths was founded by Clarence 13X after he left the Nation of Islam's Temple Number Seven in Harlem, New York, the same temple where Malcolm X was a minister from 1960 to 1963. Multiple stories exist as to why Clarence and the NOI parted ways: Some state he refused to give up gambling; others state he questioned the unique divinity of Wallace Fard Muhammad, whom the NOI deified as the true and living God in person; or that he questioned Fard's godhood due to the fact that Fard was born of a Caucasian mother.[4][5][6] One story states that he was disciplined by the NOI and excommunicated in 1963, but another version of events says that he left of his own free will.[7]

After leaving the NOI, he renamed himself "Allah the Father". He was joined by Abu Shahid (formerly John 37X), who agreed with Allah's questioning of Wallace Fard Muhammad. Allah the Father and Shahid were nicknamed "High Scientists" due to their intense study of lessons.[5] Allah was also joined by Justice (formerly James 109X, and before that, James Howell) who would become one of Allah's closest associates until his death.[8][9]

Allah proselytized the streets of Harlem to teach others his views based on his interpretation of NOI teachings. After failing to reach elder adults whom he saw as already set in their ways, he found success with street youth.[10][11][12][13][14] On October 10, 1964, this young group formed the First Nine Born of what became known as the Five-Percent Nation, or later the Nation of Gods and Earths.[15]

Allah taught his Black male students that they were Gods, just as he was. He taught them that the astral twin of the Black man is the Sun.[16] In Supreme Mathematics, the Black man is symbolized as "Knowledge."[16] The Black women who came into Father Allah's growing movement to study along with the males were taught they were symbolic of the planet Earth because women produce and sustain human existence as does the Earth.[16] Female Five Percenters are also referred to as "Wisdom."[16] The Nation of Gods and Earths' Supreme Wisdom states: "Wisdom is the Original Woman because life is continued through her cipher (womb)."[17] The NGE does not consider itself a religion; its position is that it makes no sense to be religious or to worship or deify anyone or anything outside of oneself because adherents, themselves, are the highest power in the known universe, both collectively and individually.[18] Allah the Father developed a curriculum of eight lessons that included the Supreme Alphabets and Mathematics, which he devised, as well as lessons developed by the Nation of Islam's Elijah Muhammad and Wallace Fard Muhammad.[19] The eight lessons were taught in this order, which follows below:

  1. Supreme Mathematics (1-10)
  2. Supreme Alphabets (1-26)
  3. Student Enrollment (1-10)
  4. English Lesson C-1 (1-36)
  5. Lost-Found Muslim Lesson No. 1 (1-14)
  6. Lost-Found Muslim Lesson No. 2 (1-40)
  7. Actual Facts (13)
  8. Solar Facts (9)[20]

Each Five Percenter was required to fully "master" each lesson and was expected to be able to "think and reason by forming profound relationships between the lessons and significant experiences within life."[20] Five Percenters were also required to share what they had learned with others, and thereby recruit new members.[21]

Social and political influence

The FBI opened a file on the Five Percenters in 1965, the height of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements in the United States. In "Disturbance by Group Called 'Five Percenters,'" the FBI refers to the organization as a "loosely knit group of Negro youth gangs. ... These particular gangs emanate from New York City Public School Number 120 which is a junior high school."[22] The FBI file stated that the organization's name meant "The five percent of the Muslims who smoke and drink."[22] 1965 New York newspaper articles referred to the Five Percenters as a "gang," "hoodlums," and "terror group."[22] Allah the Father and the Five Percenters "had a reputation for being unreachable, anti-white criminals."[23] With the goal of preventing New York from having a race riot or uprising, New York Mayor John V. Lindsay sent Barry Gottehrer, the head of the mayor's Urban Task Force, to meet with the organization the FBI had called a "gang" and "terror group."[23] Gottehrer stated Allah the Father was non-violent, "but was dedicated to his community's well-being."[23] Gottehrer and Allah began organizing picnics and airplane rides for the Five Percenters that were funded by New York City through the Urban Task Force.[24][23] Wakeel Allah's book In the Name of Allah includes a photo captioned: "Allah (in background) along with Mayor Lindsay (holding baby) on airplane ride with Five Percenters."[24] In 1967, Father Allah, with Gottehrer's assistance, opened the Urban League Street Academy, which would become known as the Allah School in Mecca.[23]

In 1967, shortly after Allah and Justice started holding classes at the Street Academy, Civil Rights leader Bayard Rustin and Massachusetts Senator Edward Brooke visited Father Allah at the Academy.[25] In an article titled "The Five Percenters," published in The New Amsterdam News, Rustin wrote

We might all applaud the Street Academy as one of the most constructive contributions to the maintenance of stability in the Harlem Community, as well as creating an effective instrument for the rehabilitation of young men who might otherwise have no choice but the streets. ... Besides their academic and social activities, the Five Percenters told me that they pursue a spiritual ideal of "helping others discover a true knowledge of themselves." They said they are "neither anti-white nor pro-black."[26]

Allah the Father stated that he was "neither pro-black nor anti-white."[27] In his "National Statement" given at Brookdale College in Monmouth County, New Jersey, in 1998, Dumar Wa'de Allah, National Spokesman for the NGE,[28] stated "we are not anti-white, nor pro-black. In fact, we have white Five Percenters."[29] NGE websites and articles state, "We as a collective are not anti-white nor pro-black. We are pro-righteous and anti-devilishment."[30][31][32]

There have been from the organization's inception Five Percenters of various ethnicities. The most well-known Caucasian Five Percenter is John Michael Kennedy, who met Allah in 1965. Allah proclaimed Kennedy a "righteous man" and renamed him Azreal.[33] Michael M. Knight's The Five Percenters includes a photo of a gathering of Five Percenters that includes Barkim, who Knight describes as "one of the earliest white Five Percenters" and his siblings.[34] Knight's book also includes two photos of Allah with Gottehrer, who Allah called "Moses."[35]

In 2018 members of the Five Percent Nation and Harlem community members applied to the Transportation/Historic Preservation & Landmarks Committee of Manhattan Community Board 10 to have the northwest corner of 126th Street & Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Blvd in Harlem, New York co-named “Allah, Justice & The Five Percenters Square.”[36][37] The application and subsequent proposal were approved by Manhattan Community Board 10 and the New York City Council.[37] In March 2019 the intersection of 126th Street & Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Blvd in New York was officially co-named "Allah, Justice & The Five Percenters Square."[37][38]

Conflicts

After the founding of the Allah School, the Gods and Earths became more influential – upon the April 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., it quelled a potential rebellion inside Harlem.[39][40] Allah was assassinated 13 June 1969 at 21 West 112th Street in Harlem, the residence of his wife and children.[41][42] There have been rumors and theories about assailants and motives,[43][44] but the murder remains unsolved. The murder was a blow to the movement, but according to the direct orders of Allah before his death, some of his earliest disciples, a group of nine men who were called the First Nine Born carried on the teachings, and his friend Justice assumed an acting leadership role.[45]

The FBI's labeling the Five Percenters as a "gang" in 1965 has caused much trouble for Gods and Earths in the United States. The "gang" label has caused individuals with even remote NGE affiliation to be designated as security threats in jails and prisons in Michigan, New Jersey, New York, and South Carolina.[46] NGE literature has been banned from penal institutions in these and other states, and inmates have been denied privileges enjoyed by those of other persuasions. Such rules were relaxed in 2004 in New York to allow registered "sincere adherent(s)" to study teachings personally but not share with unregistered inmates during their incarceration.[47]

Its newspaper The Five Percenter condemns the states who impose restrictions on their practice as those who "attempt to define us in ways that seek to criminalize us."[48] In Michigan, the Nation challenged a ban on the group's literature among prison inmates after an inmate was designated a security threat until he renounced his membership. Judge Steven Whalen found no evidence that the group advocated violence and recommended that it be recognized as a legitimate belief system.[49]

Beliefs

Basis

The men of the Five Percent Nation view themselves as Gods (both individually and collectively as the Original Man).[10] According to the Five Percenter Newspaper, "God first means that it is no longer a judicial argument; centered means everything we do is about God. Culture is the practices and principles of a people at any given time."[50] Gods and Earths sometimes refer to themselves as scientists, implying their search for knowledge and proof.[51][52]

The teachings of the Nation of Gods and Earths are passed on through a modern oral tradition. The advancement of a God or Earth is based on his or her memorization, recitation, comprehension, and practical application of the Supreme Mathematics and the Supreme Alphabet and also the 120 Lessons, sometimes referred to as degrees, a revised version of the Supreme Wisdom lessons of the NOI, originally written by Wallace Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad.[12][53][54] The anthology Knowledge of Self: A Collection of Wisdom on the Science of Everything in Life by Supreme Understanding details the teachings of the Nation of Gods and Earths.[55][56] Wakeel Allah has written In the Name of Allah: A History of Clarence 13X and the 5 Percenters and The Naked Truth: From the Goal Mind of Abu Shahid, the Elder of the Nation of Gods and Earths.[57]

"Five Percent"

The term "Five Percenter" is taken directly from the "Five Percent" who are described in "Lost-Found Muslim Lesson No. 2" of the Nation of Islam. The lesson groups the people of the world into three categories. Eighty-five percent of the world's population are described as "uncivilized people; poison animal eaters; slaves from mental death and power, people who do not know the Living God or their origin in this world, and they worship that which they do not know. ... [They] are easily led in the wrong direction, but hard to lead into the right direction." Ten percent of the world's population are described as "The rich; the slave-makers of the poor; who teach the poor lies—to believe that the Almighty, True and Living God is a spook and cannot be seen by the physical eye. Otherwise known as: The Blood-Suckers of the Poor." Five Percent of the world's population are described as "the poor, righteous Teachers, who do not believe in the teachings of the 10%, and are all-wise; and know who the Living God is; and Teach that the Living God is the Sun of man, the supreme being, the (Black man) of Asia; and Teach Freedom, Justice and Equality to all the human family of the planet Earth."[58][18]

The Universal Language

The Supreme Mathematics and Supreme Alphabet are key concepts in the Five Percent Nation. The Supreme mathematics is a system of understanding numerals alongside concepts and qualitative representations that are used along with the Supreme Alphabet.[12][54] The Supreme Mathematics is thought to be the highest system of numerology in the NGE, used to give qualitative value to numbers in addition to quantity. How the values associated with each number were derived are currently unknown. The numerals are as follows:[59][60][61]

  • 1. Knowledge
  • 2. Wisdom
  • 3. Understanding
  • 4. Culture or Freedom
  • 5. Power or Refinement
  • 6. Equality
  • 7. God
  • 8. Build or Destroy
  • 9. Born (Birth)
  • 0. Cipher

The Supreme Alphabet is a system of interpreting text and finding deeper meaning from the NOI Lessons by assigning actual meanings to the letters of the Latin script. For example, the first letter, A, stands for Allah; the 12th letter, L, stands for Love, Hell, or Right; and the 13th letter, M, stands for Master. The Supreme Alphabet was developed by Allah the Father and Justice.[62] The method by which letters were associated with certain values is unknown.

Customs

The Five-Percent Nation holds events known as Universal Parliaments in various cities—usually once a month—to build on their interpretation of the Supreme Mathematics, lessons, and to discuss business concerning the NGE.[63] These meetings usually take place in public areas and can be held anywhere.

Because the NGE defines itself as a way of life and not a religion,[64] the Nation generally does not observe religious holidays, including those associated with Christianity or Islam.[65] Many Five Percenters honor Allah the Father's birthday (February 22) and/or the official founding of the Nation (October 10) with special events and parliaments.[66] The Show and Prove is an annual event that takes place in Harlem every second weekend in June.[67]

Similar to adherents of denominations of traditional Islam, Five Percenters abstain from eating pork or any pork-based by-products.[21] According to Five Percenter Universal Shaamguadd, Allah the Father stated Five Percenters should avoid eating "small scavengers, such as shrimp," and also avoid "lobsters, crabs, clams, and oysters."[68] Some Five Percenters take further steps and eschew meat altogether, often opting for "strict" vegetarianism.[69] Allah the Father advocated "eating one meal a day, every other day or every third days, as prescribed in the Nation of Islam."[68] Allah was also a proponent of fasting and many new adherents fast as part of "an induction process."[70]

Teachings on race

The teachings of Five-Percent Nation have been accused of promoting Black supremacy. As in the Nation of Islam, Five Percenters believe that the original inhabitants of the world were Black (which they refer to as the "Asiatic Blackman" and believe had inhabited the earth for "66 trillion years") who ultimately descended from the Tribe of Shabazz, while the white race are evil "devils" who were created 6,000 years ago on what is today the Greek island of Patmos by a “rogue bigheaded scientist” named Yakub (the Biblical and Qur'anic Jacob) who was of the Meccan branch of the tribe. After the whites attempted to rise up against their creators, they were exiled to the caves of "West Asia" - what would later be known as Europe. The Yakub origin story is the basis for all Five Percenter racial understanding.[71]

Gender perceptions

Some Five Percenters have been accused of promoting male chauvinism and misogyny.[72][73][74] According to Prince Allah Cuba, since the death of Allah the Father, some Gods have grown preoccupied with male supremacy, and this preoccupation has resulted in the minimization of all things female: from the crescent moon on the nation's flag being made smaller and eventually placed under the number seven, to the lack of parity in the God-Earth dyad.[75] According to the Five Percent Nation, each member constitutes a divine being in his or her own right.[69][76] Some males promote the minimization of women, as with Lord Jamar's lyric that woman is "secondary but most necessary."[77] Others describe the Black woman as the Black man's equal: In X Clan's song "Wiz Degrees," Five Percenter Brother J describes his partner as "Wisdom and the Goddess manifest."[78] Ladybug Mecca, a Five Percenter and the female member of the hip hop group Digable Planets, offers her view of gender and divinity:

We need to know that there is a feminine and masculine principal or consciousness that is considered the God or the Creator. It's not a male, like religion will tell you. It's a mother/father principle, a masculine/feminine principle. /. . . ./ The feminine principle is what gives birth to the universe. It's what brings creation forth, so there has to be an acknowledgement and respect for her in order to bring back the balance. In religion, in Christianity and in Islam, in all religions ... it's a perverted piece of the truth, when it doesn't hold the woman on a pedestal.[79]

Five Percenter Just I C Equality Allah asserts that gender equality is an inherent aspect of ALLAH: "How can woman not be God as well as man? First of all, we are the Arm Leg Leg Arm Head (Allah). There is no gender type, we all have the components that make the physical. Allah is the all in all. How can we be the all in all if "all" isn't included?"[80] When Allah the Father was alive, some female Five Percenters referred to themselves as Goddesses.[81] A Five Percent female named Tawanna referred to herself as God. When challenged by some male Five Percenters, Tawanna defended her position and was declared by Justice to be "more God than some of the men!"[81]

Hip hop

The majority of allusions to Islam in American hip-hop, either conscious or otherwise, spawn from adherents of the Five Percenters.[82] In its article on Five Percenter Jay Electronica, Vice Magazine stated in regard to the Five Percent Nation: "It's a movement that's been affiliated with hip-hop from the very beginning, coining terms like 'ciphers' and 'dropping science' and influencing everyone, World's Famous Supreme Team, Big Daddy Kane, J. Cole, Jay-Z, Method Man, Rakim, Wu-Tang Clan, Brand Nubian, Nas, Common, Poor Righteous Teachers, Erykah Badu, and AZ. With these artists, and any others associated with the Five Percenters, music was more than just a message."[83]

The Nation of Gods and Earth has propagated its teachings throughout the United States and abroad. In the early 1980s, this spread was in part due to early adherents teaching when away at college or in the military and, more famously, because of the rise of hip hop music. The main theme of the NGE doctrine spoken on hip hop records were the teachings that black people were the original or first human life to walk the planet, that the Blackman is God, the Blackwoman is Earth, and through the inner esoteric powers of the Gods and Earths, the youth can transform and possess its true potential, which aspires to overthrow the overbearing oligarchy by becoming just rulers of themselves. This especially meshed well with conscious themes found in other golden-age hip hop recordings.

Early hip-hop acts affiliated with the Five Percenters, and who spread its teachings through hip hop, include two MCs of the late 1980s–early '90s conscious-rap era—Rakim of Eric B. & Rakim[84] and Big Daddy Kane. These two acts, as well as some of their other contemporaries, infused Five-Percent teachings and symbolism throughout their music and videos. This reputation brought fans of Rakim in particular to refer to him as the God MC. After Rakim and Kane's heyday rose acts that were even more explicit with allegiance to the NGE, most notably Brand Nubian, Poor Righteous Teachers, Wu-Tang Clan, Killarmy, Sunz of Man, Gravediggaz and Busta Rhymes.[85][86][87][88] The popularity of these acts sparked a boom of new NGE students. The hip hop group 3rd Bass, whose MC's Prime Minister Pete Nice and MC Serch were white and Jewish, respectively, cited NGE lessons in the song "Triple Stage Darkness" and other songs.[89]

Five Percenters were the innovators behind early hip-hop slang, including "word is bond," "break it down," "peace," "droppin' science," and "represent."[3][90] Many MCs employ the technique and terminology of the Supreme Alphabet to create acrostics, acronyms and backronyms in their rhymes. For example, in the song "Wildflower," Ghostface Killah rhymes, "I'm God Cipher Divine," spelling G-O-D in the Supreme Alphabet.[91][92] Furthermore, RZA directly rhymes the Twelve Jewels of life's objectives on his later work with Gravediggaz, rhyming in succession: knowledge, wisdom, understanding, freedom, justice, equality, food, clothing, shelter, love, peace, happiness.[93] He regularly wears an eight-pointed star pendant with a number seven and a crescent, which can be seen on the cover of his album The World According to RZA.

Five Percenters in New York City were a visible presence at parties during hip hop's formative years of the 1970s. Scene pioneer DJ Kool Herc recalled that while there was a heavy gang presence in attendance, the Five Percenters were also there as a de facto peace-keeping element.[94]

Other examples of hip hop and R&B acts who are (or have been) associated with Five Percent teachings include Killah Priest, Digable Planets, J-Live, Nas, Erykah Badu, Queen Latifah, SZA, Planet Asia, and Guru.[95]

Notable current and former members and associates

References

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Sources

  • Allah, Wakeel (2007). In the Name of Allah: A History of Clarence 13X and the Five Percenters, Vol. 1. Atlanta, GA: A-Team Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59916-200-3. OCLC 137272467. Retrieved April 23, 2019.

External links

  • FBI files on the Five Percenters
  • The Five Percent Solution – By Spin
  • The Daily Show with Trevor Noah Interviews Talib Kweli and Five Percenters – The Daily Show with Trevor Noah Interviews Talib Kweli
  • Official YouTube Channel

July 17, 2023
five, percent, nation, sometimes, referred, nation, gods, earths, noge, five, percenters, black, nationalist, movement, influenced, islam, that, founded, 1964, harlem, section, borough, manhattan, york, city, allah, father, previously, known, clarence, before,. The Five Percent Nation sometimes referred to as the Nation of Gods and Earths NGE NOGE or the Five Percenters is a Black nationalist movement influenced by Islam that was founded in 1964 in the Harlem section of the borough of Manhattan New York City by Allah the Father who was previously known as Clarence 13X and before that Clarence Edward Smith The Five Percent emblem also known as the Universal Flag of Islam I Self Lord and Master 1 Allah the Father formerly Clarence 13X the founder of the Nation of Gods and EarthsMembers of the group call themselves Allah s Five Percenters which reflects the concept that ten percent of the people in the world are elites and their agents who know the truth of existence and opt to keep eighty five percent of the world in ignorance and under their controlling thumb the remaining five percent are those who know the truth and are determined to enlighten the eighty five percent 2 3 The Nation of Gods and Earths teaches the belief that Black people are the original people of the planet Earth and are therefore the fathers Gods and mothers Earths of civilization 2 The Nation teaches that Supreme Mathematics and Supreme Alphabet a set of principles created by Allah the Father is the key to understanding humankind s relationship to the universe The Nation teaches that the black man insofar as the Nation defines this race is himself God with the black race thus being a race of actual gods 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding 1 2 Social and political influence 1 3 Conflicts 2 Beliefs 2 1 Basis 2 2 Five Percent 2 3 The Universal Language 2 4 Customs 2 5 Teachings on race 2 6 Gender perceptions 3 Hip hop 4 Notable current and former members and associates 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksHistory EditFounding Edit The Nation of Gods and Earths was founded by Clarence 13X after he left the Nation of Islam s Temple Number Seven in Harlem New York the same temple where Malcolm X was a minister from 1960 to 1963 Multiple stories exist as to why Clarence and the NOI parted ways Some state he refused to give up gambling others state he questioned the unique divinity of Wallace Fard Muhammad whom the NOI deified as the true and living God in person or that he questioned Fard s godhood due to the fact that Fard was born of a Caucasian mother 4 5 6 One story states that he was disciplined by the NOI and excommunicated in 1963 but another version of events says that he left of his own free will 7 After leaving the NOI he renamed himself Allah the Father He was joined by Abu Shahid formerly John 37X who agreed with Allah s questioning of Wallace Fard Muhammad Allah the Father and Shahid were nicknamed High Scientists due to their intense study of lessons 5 Allah was also joined by Justice formerly James 109X and before that James Howell who would become one of Allah s closest associates until his death 8 9 Allah proselytized the streets of Harlem to teach others his views based on his interpretation of NOI teachings After failing to reach elder adults whom he saw as already set in their ways he found success with street youth 10 11 12 13 14 On October 10 1964 this young group formed the First Nine Born of what became known as the Five Percent Nation or later the Nation of Gods and Earths 15 Allah taught his Black male students that they were Gods just as he was He taught them that the astral twin of the Black man is the Sun 16 In Supreme Mathematics the Black man is symbolized as Knowledge 16 The Black women who came into Father Allah s growing movement to study along with the males were taught they were symbolic of the planet Earth because women produce and sustain human existence as does the Earth 16 Female Five Percenters are also referred to as Wisdom 16 The Nation of Gods and Earths Supreme Wisdom states Wisdom is the Original Woman because life is continued through her cipher womb 17 The NGE does not consider itself a religion its position is that it makes no sense to be religious or to worship or deify anyone or anything outside of oneself because adherents themselves are the highest power in the known universe both collectively and individually 18 Allah the Father developed a curriculum of eight lessons that included the Supreme Alphabets and Mathematics which he devised as well as lessons developed by the Nation of Islam s Elijah Muhammad and Wallace Fard Muhammad 19 The eight lessons were taught in this order which follows below Supreme Mathematics 1 10 Supreme Alphabets 1 26 Student Enrollment 1 10 English Lesson C 1 1 36 Lost Found Muslim Lesson No 1 1 14 Lost Found Muslim Lesson No 2 1 40 Actual Facts 13 Solar Facts 9 20 Each Five Percenter was required to fully master each lesson and was expected to be able to think and reason by forming profound relationships between the lessons and significant experiences within life 20 Five Percenters were also required to share what they had learned with others and thereby recruit new members 21 Social and political influence Edit The FBI opened a file on the Five Percenters in 1965 the height of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements in the United States In Disturbance by Group Called Five Percenters the FBI refers to the organization as a loosely knit group of Negro youth gangs These particular gangs emanate from New York City Public School Number 120 which is a junior high school 22 The FBI file stated that the organization s name meant The five percent of the Muslims who smoke and drink 22 1965 New York newspaper articles referred to the Five Percenters as a gang hoodlums and terror group 22 Allah the Father and the Five Percenters had a reputation for being unreachable anti white criminals 23 With the goal of preventing New York from having a race riot or uprising New York Mayor John V Lindsay sent Barry Gottehrer the head of the mayor s Urban Task Force to meet with the organization the FBI had called a gang and terror group 23 Gottehrer stated Allah the Father was non violent but was dedicated to his community s well being 23 Gottehrer and Allah began organizing picnics and airplane rides for the Five Percenters that were funded by New York City through the Urban Task Force 24 23 Wakeel Allah s book In the Name of Allah includes a photo captioned Allah in background along with Mayor Lindsay holding baby on airplane ride with Five Percenters 24 In 1967 Father Allah with Gottehrer s assistance opened the Urban League Street Academy which would become known as the Allah School in Mecca 23 In 1967 shortly after Allah and Justice started holding classes at the Street Academy Civil Rights leader Bayard Rustin and Massachusetts Senator Edward Brooke visited Father Allah at the Academy 25 In an article titled The Five Percenters published in The New Amsterdam News Rustin wroteWe might all applaud the Street Academy as one of the most constructive contributions to the maintenance of stability in the Harlem Community as well as creating an effective instrument for the rehabilitation of young men who might otherwise have no choice but the streets Besides their academic and social activities the Five Percenters told me that they pursue a spiritual ideal of helping others discover a true knowledge of themselves They said they are neither anti white nor pro black 26 Allah the Father stated that he was neither pro black nor anti white 27 In his National Statement given at Brookdale College in Monmouth County New Jersey in 1998 Dumar Wa de Allah National Spokesman for the NGE 28 stated we are not anti white nor pro black In fact we have white Five Percenters 29 NGE websites and articles state We as a collective are not anti white nor pro black We are pro righteous and anti devilishment 30 31 32 There have been from the organization s inception Five Percenters of various ethnicities The most well known Caucasian Five Percenter is John Michael Kennedy who met Allah in 1965 Allah proclaimed Kennedy a righteous man and renamed him Azreal 33 Michael M Knight s The Five Percenters includes a photo of a gathering of Five Percenters that includes Barkim who Knight describes as one of the earliest white Five Percenters and his siblings 34 Knight s book also includes two photos of Allah with Gottehrer who Allah called Moses 35 In 2018 members of the Five Percent Nation and Harlem community members applied to the Transportation Historic Preservation amp Landmarks Committee of Manhattan Community Board 10 to have the northwest corner of 126th Street amp Adam Clayton Powell Jr Blvd in Harlem New York co named Allah Justice amp The Five Percenters Square 36 37 The application and subsequent proposal were approved by Manhattan Community Board 10 and the New York City Council 37 In March 2019 the intersection of 126th Street amp Adam Clayton Powell Jr Blvd in New York was officially co named Allah Justice amp The Five Percenters Square 37 38 Conflicts Edit After the founding of the Allah School the Gods and Earths became more influential upon the April 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr it quelled a potential rebellion inside Harlem 39 40 Allah was assassinated 13 June 1969 at 21 West 112th Street in Harlem the residence of his wife and children 41 42 There have been rumors and theories about assailants and motives 43 44 but the murder remains unsolved The murder was a blow to the movement but according to the direct orders of Allah before his death some of his earliest disciples a group of nine men who were called the First Nine Born carried on the teachings and his friend Justice assumed an acting leadership role 45 The FBI s labeling the Five Percenters as a gang in 1965 has caused much trouble for Gods and Earths in the United States The gang label has caused individuals with even remote NGE affiliation to be designated as security threats in jails and prisons in Michigan New Jersey New York and South Carolina 46 NGE literature has been banned from penal institutions in these and other states and inmates have been denied privileges enjoyed by those of other persuasions Such rules were relaxed in 2004 in New York to allow registered sincere adherent s to study teachings personally but not share with unregistered inmates during their incarceration 47 Its newspaper The Five Percenter condemns the states who impose restrictions on their practice as those who attempt to define us in ways that seek to criminalize us 48 In Michigan the Nation challenged a ban on the group s literature among prison inmates after an inmate was designated a security threat until he renounced his membership Judge Steven Whalen found no evidence that the group advocated violence and recommended that it be recognized as a legitimate belief system 49 Beliefs EditBasis Edit The men of the Five Percent Nation view themselves as Gods both individually and collectively as the Original Man 10 According to the Five Percenter Newspaper God first means that it is no longer a judicial argument centered means everything we do is about God Culture is the practices and principles of a people at any given time 50 Gods and Earths sometimes refer to themselves as scientists implying their search for knowledge and proof 51 52 The teachings of the Nation of Gods and Earths are passed on through a modern oral tradition The advancement of a God or Earth is based on his or her memorization recitation comprehension and practical application of the Supreme Mathematics and the Supreme Alphabet and also the 120 Lessons sometimes referred to as degrees a revised version of the Supreme Wisdom lessons of the NOI originally written by Wallace Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad 12 53 54 The anthology Knowledge of Self A Collection of Wisdom on the Science of Everything in Life by Supreme Understanding details the teachings of the Nation of Gods and Earths 55 56 Wakeel Allah has written In the Name of Allah A History of Clarence 13X and the 5 Percenters and The Naked Truth From the Goal Mind of Abu Shahid the Elder of the Nation of Gods and Earths 57 Five Percent Edit The term Five Percenter is taken directly from the Five Percent who are described in Lost Found Muslim Lesson No 2 of the Nation of Islam The lesson groups the people of the world into three categories Eighty five percent of the world s population are described as uncivilized people poison animal eaters slaves from mental death and power people who do not know the Living God or their origin in this world and they worship that which they do not know They are easily led in the wrong direction but hard to lead into the right direction Ten percent of the world s population are described as The rich the slave makers of the poor who teach the poor lies to believe that the Almighty True and Living God is a spook and cannot be seen by the physical eye Otherwise known as The Blood Suckers of the Poor Five Percent of the world s population are described as the poor righteous Teachers who do not believe in the teachings of the 10 and are all wise and know who the Living God is and Teach that the Living God is the Sun of man the supreme being the Black man of Asia and Teach Freedom Justice and Equality to all the human family of the planet Earth 58 18 The Universal Language Edit The Supreme Mathematics and Supreme Alphabet are key concepts in the Five Percent Nation The Supreme mathematics is a system of understanding numerals alongside concepts and qualitative representations that are used along with the Supreme Alphabet 12 54 The Supreme Mathematics is thought to be the highest system of numerology in the NGE used to give qualitative value to numbers in addition to quantity How the values associated with each number were derived are currently unknown The numerals are as follows 59 60 61 1 Knowledge 2 Wisdom 3 Understanding 4 Culture or Freedom 5 Power or Refinement 6 Equality 7 God 8 Build or Destroy 9 Born Birth 0 CipherThe Supreme Alphabet is a system of interpreting text and finding deeper meaning from the NOI Lessons by assigning actual meanings to the letters of the Latin script For example the first letter A stands for Allah the 12th letter L stands for Love Hell or Right and the 13th letter M stands for Master The Supreme Alphabet was developed by Allah the Father and Justice 62 The method by which letters were associated with certain values is unknown Customs Edit The Five Percent Nation holds events known as Universal Parliaments in various cities usually once a month to build on their interpretation of the Supreme Mathematics lessons and to discuss business concerning the NGE 63 These meetings usually take place in public areas and can be held anywhere Because the NGE defines itself as a way of life and not a religion 64 the Nation generally does not observe religious holidays including those associated with Christianity or Islam 65 Many Five Percenters honor Allah the Father s birthday February 22 and or the official founding of the Nation October 10 with special events and parliaments 66 The Show and Prove is an annual event that takes place in Harlem every second weekend in June 67 Similar to adherents of denominations of traditional Islam Five Percenters abstain from eating pork or any pork based by products 21 According to Five Percenter Universal Shaamguadd Allah the Father stated Five Percenters should avoid eating small scavengers such as shrimp and also avoid lobsters crabs clams and oysters 68 Some Five Percenters take further steps and eschew meat altogether often opting for strict vegetarianism 69 Allah the Father advocated eating one meal a day every other day or every third days as prescribed in the Nation of Islam 68 Allah was also a proponent of fasting and many new adherents fast as part of an induction process 70 Teachings on race Edit The teachings of Five Percent Nation have been accused of promoting Black supremacy As in the Nation of Islam Five Percenters believe that the original inhabitants of the world were Black which they refer to as the Asiatic Blackman and believe had inhabited the earth for 66 trillion years who ultimately descended from the Tribe of Shabazz while the white race are evil devils who were created 6 000 years ago on what is today the Greek island of Patmos by a rogue bigheaded scientist named Yakub the Biblical and Qur anic Jacob who was of the Meccan branch of the tribe After the whites attempted to rise up against their creators they were exiled to the caves of West Asia what would later be known as Europe The Yakub origin story is the basis for all Five Percenter racial understanding 71 Gender perceptions EditSome Five Percenters have been accused of promoting male chauvinism and misogyny 72 73 74 According to Prince Allah Cuba since the death of Allah the Father some Gods have grown preoccupied with male supremacy and this preoccupation has resulted in the minimization of all things female from the crescent moon on the nation s flag being made smaller and eventually placed under the number seven to the lack of parity in the God Earth dyad 75 According to the Five Percent Nation each member constitutes a divine being in his or her own right 69 76 Some males promote the minimization of women as with Lord Jamar s lyric that woman is secondary but most necessary 77 Others describe the Black woman as the Black man s equal In X Clan s song Wiz Degrees Five Percenter Brother J describes his partner as Wisdom and the Goddess manifest 78 Ladybug Mecca a Five Percenter and the female member of the hip hop group Digable Planets offers her view of gender and divinity We need to know that there is a feminine and masculine principal or consciousness that is considered the God or the Creator It s not a male like religion will tell you It s a mother father principle a masculine feminine principle The feminine principle is what gives birth to the universe It s what brings creation forth so there has to be an acknowledgement and respect for her in order to bring back the balance In religion in Christianity and in Islam in all religions it s a perverted piece of the truth when it doesn t hold the woman on a pedestal 79 Five Percenter Just I C Equality Allah asserts that gender equality is an inherent aspect of ALLAH How can woman not be God as well as man First of all we are the Arm Leg Leg Arm Head Allah There is no gender type we all have the components that make the physical Allah is the all in all How can we be the all in all if all isn t included 80 When Allah the Father was alive some female Five Percenters referred to themselves as Goddesses 81 A Five Percent female named Tawanna referred to herself as God When challenged by some male Five Percenters Tawanna defended her position and was declared by Justice to be more God than some of the men 81 Hip hop EditThe majority of allusions to Islam in American hip hop either conscious or otherwise spawn from adherents of the Five Percenters 82 In its article on Five Percenter Jay Electronica Vice Magazine stated in regard to the Five Percent Nation It s a movement that s been affiliated with hip hop from the very beginning coining terms like ciphers and dropping science and influencing everyone World s Famous Supreme Team Big Daddy Kane J Cole Jay Z Method Man Rakim Wu Tang Clan Brand Nubian Nas Common Poor Righteous Teachers Erykah Badu and AZ With these artists and any others associated with the Five Percenters music was more than just a message 83 The Nation of Gods and Earth has propagated its teachings throughout the United States and abroad In the early 1980s this spread was in part due to early adherents teaching when away at college or in the military and more famously because of the rise of hip hop music The main theme of the NGE doctrine spoken on hip hop records were the teachings that black people were the original or first human life to walk the planet that the Blackman is God the Blackwoman is Earth and through the inner esoteric powers of the Gods and Earths the youth can transform and possess its true potential which aspires to overthrow the overbearing oligarchy by becoming just rulers of themselves This especially meshed well with conscious themes found in other golden age hip hop recordings Early hip hop acts affiliated with the Five Percenters and who spread its teachings through hip hop include two MCs of the late 1980s early 90s conscious rap era Rakim of Eric B amp Rakim 84 and Big Daddy Kane These two acts as well as some of their other contemporaries infused Five Percent teachings and symbolism throughout their music and videos This reputation brought fans of Rakim in particular to refer to him as the God MC After Rakim and Kane s heyday rose acts that were even more explicit with allegiance to the NGE most notably Brand Nubian Poor Righteous Teachers Wu Tang Clan Killarmy Sunz of Man Gravediggaz and Busta Rhymes 85 86 87 88 The popularity of these acts sparked a boom of new NGE students The hip hop group 3rd Bass whose MC s Prime Minister Pete Nice and MC Serch were white and Jewish respectively cited NGE lessons in the song Triple Stage Darkness and other songs 89 Five Percenters were the innovators behind early hip hop slang including word is bond break it down peace droppin science and represent 3 90 Many MCs employ the technique and terminology of the Supreme Alphabet to create acrostics acronyms and backronyms in their rhymes For example in the song Wildflower Ghostface Killah rhymes I m God Cipher Divine spelling G O D in the Supreme Alphabet 91 92 Furthermore RZA directly rhymes the Twelve Jewels of life s objectives on his later work with Gravediggaz rhyming in succession knowledge wisdom understanding freedom justice equality food clothing shelter love peace happiness 93 He regularly wears an eight pointed star pendant with a number seven and a crescent which can be seen on the cover of his album The World According to RZA Five Percenters in New York City were a visible presence at parties during hip hop s formative years of the 1970s Scene pioneer DJ Kool Herc recalled that while there was a heavy gang presence in attendance the Five Percenters were also there as a de facto peace keeping element 94 Other examples of hip hop and R amp B acts who are or have been associated with Five Percent teachings include Killah Priest Digable Planets J Live Nas Erykah Badu Queen Latifah SZA Planet Asia and Guru 95 Notable current and former members and associates EditAllah Mathematics Hip hop producer and DJ of Wu Tang Clan 96 AZ 97 Big Daddy Kane 98 99 Brother J frontman and lyricist of X Clan 78 100 101 Busta Rhymes 102 Black Sheep 103 Brand Nubian 98 99 Cipha Sounds DJ and radio personality DJ Kay Slay 98 99 Digable Planets Grammy Award winning jazz rap group 104 Erykah Badu her Grammy Award winning song On amp On features teachings of the Five Percent Nation 105 God Shammgod former NBA player Gravediggaz 106 Rakim 98 99 Jay Z has teachings but not confirmed member citation needed Just Ice 98 99 107 Nas 97 was influenced by the Five Percent Nation but does not claim to represent the culture 108 Wu Tang Clan Ghostface Killah 109 and Raekwon 110 have since converted to traditional Islam Lakim Shabazz 97 Freedom Williams Lead vocalist of the group C C Music Factory 111 Jus Allah Former member of the rap duo Jedi Mind Tricks 112 The World s Famous Supreme Team 113 MC Shan Planet Asia 98 99 Poor Righteous Teachers 114 Large Professor 115 Positive K 98 99 St Lunatics 98 99 J Live 98 99 John Forte Fugees affiliated emcee 98 99 GQ an R amp B and disco group best known for its 1979 hit Disco Nights Rock Freak 116 117 Tragedy Khadafi 118 LL Cool J Stated in his autobiography that he joined the Five Percent Nation in school and took the name Lord Supreme Shalik but he also said At the Five Percent Nation s core there is a strict religious doctrine but we weren t following that We were just using the Five Percenter label as a shield to do our dirty work fighting and eventually robbing 119 Carmelo Anthony NBA player for the Los Angeles Lakers PHASE 2 Graffiti writer originator of the bubble letter style 120 Kase2 Graffiti writer and innovator featured in the documentary Style Wars Rammellzee Graffiti writer Hip Hop musician and emcee featured in the film Wild Style 121 Raz Fresco Canadian emcee and music producer 122 Jay Electronica 123 References Edit Muhammad Knight Michael January 8 2013 What I Learned from the Five Percenters VICE Archived from the original on May 28 2017 Retrieved August 30 2017 a b c God the Black Man and the Five Percenters NPR org NPR Archived from the original on January 19 2012 Retrieved February 13 2012 a b Chandler D L June 28 2012 The Meaning of the 5 A Look at the Nation Of Gods And Earths Hip Hop Wired Archived from the original on October 12 2013 Retrieved October 11 2013 Allah 2007 p 48 a b Knight Michael M 2007 The Five Percenters Oneworld pp 35 36 ISBN 9781851686155 Miyakawa Felecia 2007 Five Percenter Rap Indiana University Press pp 15 16 ISBN 978 0253217639 Allah 2007 p 99 Beloved Allah The Founding of the Nation Of Gods And Earths Thetalkingdrum com Archived from the original on January 26 2012 Retrieved February 13 2012 Allah 2007 p 125 126 a b Jane I Smith 1999 Islam in America Columbia University Press pp 101 103 206 Mattias Gardell 1996 In the Name of Elijah Muhammad Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam Duke University Press p 225 a b c Juan Williams 2003 This Far by Faith Stories from the African American Religious Experience Amistad HarperCollins Publishers pp 286 288 McCloud Aminah 2014 African American Islam Hoboken Taylor and Francis pp 59 60 ISBN 978 1 136 64930 1 OCLC 884017193 Archived from the original on August 19 2020 Retrieved April 23 2019 Knight Michael Muhamad The Five Percenters Islam Hip Hop and the Gods of New York Oxford England UK Oneworld Publications 2007 Chapter 16 Allah 2007 p 136 141 a b c d Allah 2007 p 141 Nation of Gods and Earth Supreme Mathematics Supreme Wisdom page 8 https www scribd com doc 302750576 NGE Supreme Wisdom Archived April 7 2019 at the Wayback Machine a b Allah 2007 p 137 138 Allah 2007 p 152 a b Allah 2007 p 153 a b Allah 2007 p 138 139 a b c Five Percenters Part 01 of 01 FBI Records The Vault Archived from the original on May 14 2019 Retrieved April 4 2019 a b c d e Miyakawa Felicia 2005 Five Percenter Rap Indiana University Press pp 19 ISBN 0 253 21763 6 a b Allah 2007 p 238 Allah 2007 p 240 Allah 2007 p 241 Knight Michael 2009 The Five Percenters One World pp xiii 142 227 R I P God Dumar Wa de Allah Amsterdamnews com June 27 2013 Archived from the original on August 9 2020 Retrieved April 4 2019 Allah Dumar Wa de 1998 A National Statement by Dumar Wa de Allah Archived from the original on May 30 2018 Retrieved May 29 2018 Allah Jerule Welcome to the Love Allah website of the Gods and Earths Archived from the original on May 29 2018 Retrieved May 29 2018 See also Allah Immortality Exegetical 120 Randal Best November 28 2013 State and federal prisons persecute Nation of Gods and Earth Five 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Prominence Complex Networks Archived from the original on April 2 2019 Retrieved April 2 2019 An Examination of the Islamic References in Jay Electronica s A Written Testimony April 8 2020 Archived from the original on April 20 2020 Retrieved April 16 2022 Sources EditAllah Wakeel 2007 In the Name of Allah A History of Clarence 13X and the Five Percenters Vol 1 Atlanta GA A Team Publishing ISBN 978 1 59916 200 3 OCLC 137272467 Retrieved April 23 2019 External links EditThe official Web site of the Nation of Gods and Earths archived A paper presented at the American Anthropological Association s Annual Meeting Nov 1996 about Five Percenters and its influence on hip hop music as well as its divergence from traditional Islam FBI files on the Five Percenters The Five Percent Solution By Spin The Daily Show with Trevor Noah Interviews Talib Kweli and Five Percenters The Daily Show with Trevor Noah Interviews Talib Kweli Official YouTube Channel Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Five Percent Nation amp oldid 1165136666, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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