fbpx
Wikipedia

Military parade

July 14, 2023

A military parade is a formation of soldiers whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drilling or marching. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country.

Parade at the Victory Day in Istanbul
United States Presidential Inaugural Parade held in Washington D.C.
A marching contingent during the Republic Day Parade from India Gate, in New Delhi
Saint-Cyr cadets at the Bastille Day military parade on the Champs-Élysées
4th Carabinieri Mounted Regiment at the military parade of Festa della Repubblica 2007

History

 
A military parade in Cairo, 1955
 
A military parade in Morocco, 1960

A military parade is a formation of soldiers whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drilling or marching. The terminology comes from the tradition of close order formation combat, in which soldiers were held in very strict formations as to maximise their combat effectiveness. Formation combat was used as an alternative to mêlée combat, and required strict discipline in the ranks and competent officers. Close order formation combat has been phased out by advances in military equipment and tactic, and modern infantry now use skirmish formation and order. However, foot drill is an important part of military education and training to instill pride and discipline among personnel.

In ancient times, drilling increased in importance when men stopped fighting as individuals and began to fight together as units. Drilling as a vital component of a war machine further increased with the increases in the size of armies, for example, when Philip II of Macedon disciplined his army so they could swiftly form the phalanxes that were so critical to his successes as a general. Military drilling later was used by the Roman Army to maximise efficiency and deadliness throughout their long history.

Modern armies use parades for ceremonial purposes, encouragement and show of discipline and to instill confidence in the country's military forces.[1]

The U.S. drill is based on the contributions of Baron von Steuben, a Prussian Army officer who served in the Continental Army.[2] During the winter quarters in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, von Steuben taught a model company of 100 soldiers musket drill. These soldiers, in turn, taught the remainder of the Continental Army.

 
Parade during Defender of the Fatherland Day in Astana (then Nur-Sultan).

The oldest, largest and most famous regular military parade in Europe is the Bastille Day Military Parade which is held each 14 July, on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, during France's national day celebrations.[3][4]

Rationale

 
Queen's Birthday Parade, Hamilton, Bermuda, 2000.

A military drill is memorizing certain actions through repetition until the action is instinctive to the soldiers being drilled. Complex actions are broken down into simpler ones which can be practiced in isolation so when the whole is put together the desired results are achieved. Such is necessary for a fighting force to perform at maximum efficiency in all manner of situations. However, depending on the army and the drills it adopts, drilling may destroy flexibility and initiative in exchange for predictability and cohesion.

Recruits in most modern militaries are taught drill to teach them how to work and move as a team. In addition, formations are still used in riot control, where mêlée combat is still the norm.

Types of military parades

Current era

 
Cadets parade in Donetsk, Ukraine.

Drill is today used to demonstrate discipline and cohesion in a modern military force. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. It usually held on occasions of national importance such as a country's independence day, and therefore is presided over by the head of state who, in most cases, is the commander in chief of the combined national military forces of that country. Today, military parades include all aspects of military drill, from an exhibition drill of precision drill teams and military bands (in addition to the occasional corps of drums, fanfare band, pipe band and/or drum and bugle corps), as well as an exhibition of military weapons such as a mobile column, the occasional mounted cavalry column (led by a mounted band), a naval parade, and a fly past by the country's air force. When on parade, most of the participating soldiers wear their ceremonial uniforms and carry the standards/colours of their respective battalions/regiments/corps/academies. In many countries, the military contingent is joined by contingents from youth cadet organizations, personnel from the police and fire services, civil defense and emergency services and by occasion jail and border services, youth police and fire cadets, veterans and personnel of the civil service with occasional participation by civilian organizations, educational institutions, cultural groups and athletes.

By country

Albania

Albania has long been influenced by Greek and Italian influences and even Soviet/Russian tradition. During the era of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Liberation Day, which then the main national holiday, was celebrated with a military parade of the Albanian People's Army on Tirana's Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard. These parades have been held in 1954,[5] 1959,[6] 1964, 1974,[7] 1984[8] and 1989. They usually consist of veterans, schoolchildren, militiamen alongside regular force personnel.[9][10]

Today, military parades of the Albanian Armed Forces are held on Albanian Flag Day and Constitution Day on 28 November. One of the more notable modern military parades was held on the 100th Anniversary of the Independence of Albania, in which a special unit of 65 soldiers from the Kosovo Security Force, as well as other foreign contingents, participated. The other took place on 4 December 2007 in honor of the 95th anniversary of the Albanian Armed Forces.[11]

Argentina

Argentina's long history of military parades are a heritage inherited from the times of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata, with influences from Germany, France, Britain, and Italy. Today the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the paramilitary Argentine National Gendarmerie and Argentine Naval Prefecture hosts massive military parades featuring armed companies, cadets, and military bands on the following days (national events unless otherwise noted):

Australia and New Zealand

As both Commonwealth realms, Australia and New Zealand share the customs and traditions of parades of the British Armed Forces. The friendship and cooperation of the defence services of both countries can be seen in the annual Anzac Day parades every 25 April, in memory of the namesake Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, which was heavily involved in the long Battle of Gallipoli and were the first Allied forces to land there on that day in 1915. On this day, in many major cities in these two countries, parades are held involving personnel of both the Australian Defence Force and the New Zealand Defence Force, veterans' organizations, cadet organizations, and other youth uniformed groups and personnel of the police and fire services, as well as students of schools and universities honoring many of their fallen alumni of the long campaign.

Parades are also held jointly in these two countries on 11 November, Remembrance Day.

Aside from these two days, the schedule of annual military and civil parades held in these two countries is as follows:

  • For parades in Australia:
    • National level parades are held on:
      • 26 January, Australia Day
      • The second Monday of June, the King's Birthday, marked in most of Eastern Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory
        • typically the last Monday of September or the first Monday of October, King's Birthday Holiday for Western Australia
        • 1st Monday in October, King's Birthday Holiday for Queensland
    • Local parades involving armed forces, police and fire personnel are held on:
      • 2nd Monday in March in the ACT, Canberra Day
      • 6 June in Queensland, Queensland Day
      • first Monday in June in Western Australia, Western Australia Day
      • first working day after Christmas Day, Proclamation Day in South Australia
    • Parades are also held in the following cases:
      • during change of command, retirement and recruit and cadet passing out parades and regimental anniversaries within the service branches of the ADF and all military academies
      • During holiday parades held in major cities as can be permitted by the commander of the unit taking part, including:
        • the AFL Grand Final Parade in Melbourne
  • For parades in New Zealand:
    • National level parades are held on:
      • 6 February, Waitangi Day
      • on the 1st Monday in June, the King's Birthday
    • Local parades involving armed forces, police, and fire personnel are held within the anniversary days of the former Provinces of New Zealand, which were abolished in 1876, the days of which are as set by their respective district and city governments.
    • Change of command, retirement, and recruit and cadet graduation parades, together with regimental anniversary parades, are also held occasionally within the service branches of the NZDF and its training institutions.

Bangladesh

The Bangladesh Armed Forces parade tradition was inherited from both the Pakistan and British Armed Forces as its first infantry unit, the East Bengal Regiment, was raised in then East Pakistan 1948 from Bengali servicemen who served in the former British Indian Army, whose drills were similar to those in the rest of the Commonwealth. Today the Armed Forces, together with Border Guards Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Police, Bangladesh Jail, Bangladesh Ansar, Bangladesh Fire Service & Civil Defence and the youth cadets under the Bangladesh National Cadet Corps, marches on ceremonial parades held on the following occasions:

  • 26 March, Independence Day
  • 21 November, Armed Forces Day
  • 16 December, Victory Day
  • On the occasion of change of command and passing out parades in all academies, cadet colleges and training institutions of the uniformed organizations

Bolivia

Uniquely, the parade tradition of the Bolivian Armed Forces is similar to those of Prussia and the German Empire but with the difference that the current march step is at slow time, to enable a knee-high goose step when on the march for most units (others, including recruit battalions and civilian students of the Military Engineering School, march in quick time without the goosestep and following the Bundeswehr practice). The Prussian tradition was introduced to the country in the early 1900s thanks to German and Chilean instructors and officers. Today, alongside the Bolivian National Police Corps, the Armed Forces marches in public parades in the following holidays:

  • January 22, Plurinational State of Bolivia Anniversary
  • January 29, La Paz Liberation Day
  • March 23, Day of the Sea
  • May 25, anniversary of the Chuquisaca Revolution
  • July 17, anniversary of the La Paz revolution
  • August 6, Independence Day
  • August 7, Armed Forces Day
  • September 14, anniversary of the Cochabamba Revolution of 1810
  • September 24, anniversary of the Santa Cruz revolution of 1810
  • October 12, Air Force Day
  • November 6, Navy Day
  • November 10, Army Day
  • On the occasion of the inaugurations of the President of Bolivia

Brazil

As a former Portuguese colonial possession till independence in 1822, Brazil has almost identical traditions of military parades with the Portuguese Armed Forces with added Spanish and Dutch elements due to the long history of the lands that would become the present day country, with additional influences from France, Germany and Italy. For many years from the Imperial era till today Brazil has witnessed parade after parade held on major national and regional holidays, a tradition maintained till today by the Brazilian Armed Forces. Since the 1960s high-stepping has been a prominent part of parades hosted by the armed forces, a tradition carried over from Portugal, Turkey and Uruguay.

Today major parades by the Armed Forces and its veterans are held on the following occasions:

  • Federal holidays and service holidays marked by the Armed Forces as well as anniversaries of service arms
    • April 10, Corps of Engineers Day
    • April 12, Army Logistics Support Day
    • April 19, Army Day
    • April 21, Tiradentes Day (also Brasilia Foundation Day and Minas Gerais Day)
    • May 5, Signal Corps Day
    • May 10, Cavalry Day
    • May 24, Infantry Day
    • June 10, Artillery Day
    • June 11, Navy Day
    • August 23, Air Force Logistics Day
    • August 25, Day of the Brazilian Soldier
    • August 28, Naval Aviation Day
    • September 7, Independence Day[12]
    • October 23, Aviators' Day
    • November 15, Day of the Proclamation of the Republic
    • November 19, Flag Day
    • December 13, Day of the Brazilian Sailor
  • State and territorial holidays
    • January 4, Rondônia Day
    • March 6, anniversary of the beginning of the Pernambucan revolt
    • March 25, Ceara Slavery Abolition Day
    • April 23, Saint George's Day (in Rio de Janeiro state only)
    • June 15, Acre State Anniversary Day
    • July 2, Bahia Independence Day
    • July 8, Sergipe Political Emancipation Day
    • July 9, anniversary of the outbreak of the 1932 São Paulo Constitutionalist Revolution
    • July 28, Maranhão Admission Day
    • August 5, Paraíba Day
    • August 7, Rio Grande de Norte Day
    • August 11, Santa Catarina Day
    • September 5, Amazonas State Anniversary Day
    • September 13, Amapá Day
    • September 16, Alagoas Day
    • September 20, Day of the Gauchos of Rio Grande do Sul
    • October 5, Roraima Day and Tocantis Day (within the aforementioned states)
    • October 11, anniversary of the establishment of Mato Grosso do Sul
    • October 19, Piauí State Anniversary
    • October 23, Goias State Anniversary
    • December 19, Paraná State Anniversary
  • During unitwide anniversaries and remembrance days of important battles of the Armed Forces
  • During change of command, retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces and all military academies and high schools
  • During anniversaries and holidays marked by the cities and towns of Brazil
  • On January 1, day of the presidential inauguration ceremony
  • During inauguration ceremonies of state governors, city and municipal chief executives

Alongside the armed forces the following uniformed organizations, together with representatives from educational institutions and athletes, also participate in every parade:

Brunei

The Bruneian parade tradition shares in the general traditions of the Commonwealth, and it is without any doubt that the British Armed Forces helped develop the parade and ceremonial traditions of the nation, which are today held in high esteem by the country's uniformed organizations combined with later Malaysian influence. Today, the Royal Brunei Armed Forces and the Royal Brunei Police Force host public parades on the following dates:

  • 18 January, Police Day
  • 23 February, National Day[13]
  • 31 May, Armed Forces Day
  • 15 July, Birthday of HM the Sultan

Extraordinary parades are held on Accession Day, 27 October.

Parades held on February 23 and July 15 also feature service personnel of British Forces Brunei including elements of the Brigade of Gurkhas and the following:

Canada

Within Canada, the now tri-service Ceremonial Guard performs the marchpast for senior dignitaries of the Canadian Armed Forces during change of command ceremonies and state arrival ceremonies, typically held in Ottawa, the national capital. The two Primary Reserve Canadian Army regiments that typically provide personnel for the guard, the Governor General's Foot Guards and The Canadian Grenadier Guards, together with the Governor General's Horse Guards and guard of honour detachments from both the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force take part in these events. In addition, the CG and optionally both the GGHG and the CGG take part in military parades such as the more common Trooping the Colour, also in Ottawa and special parades during the jubilee years of the monarch or of a national foundation. The CAF personnel, as well as the Canadian Cadet Organizations and military veterans also parade during national holidays such as Remembrance Day, Victoria Day, Canada Day or Canadian Forces Day, as well as during parades celebrating anniversaries of regiments, brigade groups or wings, and divisional level formations and passing out parades of the Royal Military College of Canada, Royal Military College Saint-Jean and recruit training bases, as well as in local holidays in the provinces and major cities. Across the country, the annual Warriors Day military parade has since 1921, been a traditional event of the Canadian National Exhibition. It is specifically devoted to formally recognizing veterans of the CF.[14] Like in the UK, the regimental march of the unit being honored is played by the band and/or pipe band if present.

Chile

The tradition of military parades in Chile has origins not just in Spanish tradition, but also a mix between those of France, the United Kingdom, and particularly Germany, given the fact that Imperial German Army officers trained the army and navy in the mid-1890s in the Prussian-German traditions of military parades that are continued until today.

Currently, the Chilean Armed Forces and the Carabineros de Chile hold public parades in front of state leaders and the public on

  • 21 May - Navy Day - honoring the fallen of the 1879 Battle of Iquique, also marked as a day to celebrate the service personnel, veterans, heroes and martyrs of the Chilean Navy
  • 19 September - Army Day - while honoring the 1810 anniversary of the formal inauguration of the First Government Junta, is also marked as a day to celebrate the service personnel, veterans, heroes and martyrs of the Chilean Army

Local level parades are marked on the following days aside from 21 May:

China

The first military parade on the Chinese mainland can be dated to over 4,000 years ago, when Yu the Great, a legendary ruler in ancient China, hosted a gathering of tribal forces from northern and southern China.[15]

People's Republic of China
See also: Military parades in Hong Kong
External video
  Parts 1 2 3 and 4 of a documentary on the history of Chinese military parades
  1981 新疆 大阅兵 Chinese Uighur Military Parade in Xinjiang (Eng narration)

The People's Republic of China holds extraordinary military parades in Beijing to celebrate National Day. The first parade of this nature took place right after the Proclamation of the People's Republic of China by Chairman Mao Zedong on 1 October 1949. Originally celebrated annually, the parade was suspended in 1960, before returning in 1984 to mark the 35th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is now held to mark every tenth anniversary, starting in 1999. Parades were also held in 1964, 1966, 1969 and 1970.[16]

In 2015, China held a military parade to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Victory over Japan. This was the first time China held a military parade for an event other than its National Day. It is currently unknown if China will continue to celebrate the end of World War II, through.

In 2017, the 90th anniversary since the Nanchang Uprising and the beginning of the People's Liberation Army was marked by a military parade, the first time ever that a military parade had been held in its honor and the first time it was held outside of the capital, having been held at Zhurihe Training Base in Inner Mongolia under the direction of General Han Weiguo of the Central Theater Command.[17] This was also the first field parade to take place since September 1981 when a parade consisting of troops participated in an exercise in Zhangjiakou in the presence of Deng Xiaoping to commemorate Deng's assumption to the post of Chairman of the Central Military Commission. During that parade, Deng reportedly said "Let's hold a large-scale one if we are to hold a military exercise, so that it can be of use" in reference to the size of the parade.[18] Naval parades have also been reintroduced in recent years with a parade (which was the biggest naval review since 1949 and according to the Chinese government, the biggest in 600 years.[19]) being held in the South China Sea in 2018 and a parade for the platinum jubilee of the People's Liberation Army Navy being held in early 2019.

Smaller scale parades are also periodically held in Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet and Xinjiang. Every year on 10 March (Tibetan Uprising Day), a military parade in Lhasa to mark the anniversary of the 1959 Tibetan rebellion.[20] The first military parades in the HKSAR and the MSAR took place on their first and fifth anniversaries in 1998[21] and 2004 respectively.

Republic of China

However, in the Republic of China (Taiwan), the Republic of China Armed Forces held its national parades in Taipei from 1949 until 1991 during the Double Ten Day celebrations. This practice was abandoned in 1991 though parades were recently held every five years beginning in 2011 during the Xinhai Revolution centenary and again in 2016. Special parades were held outside Taipei in 1995 and 2015 marking the 50th and 70th anniversaries, respectively, of both the Allied victory in the Second World War and the conclusion of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Here is the List of Republic of China military parade

Colombia

Both the Military Forces of Colombia and the National Police of Colombia hold important national parades to celebrate the anniversary of national independence as well as of the Armed Forces. Such parades are a mix of the Spanish, German, French, American and British influences owing to the long history of the country's military and police forces. National level parades are held on:

  • February 15 - Air Force Day
  • July 20 - Independence Day
  • July 24 - Navy Day
  • August 7 - Army Day and Battle of Boyaca Victory Day
  • November 15 - National Police Day

Local level parades by the personnel and veterans of the armed forces and police are held on the following:

  • April 7 - Barranquilla Day
  • July 3 - Cali Independence Day
  • November 11 - Cartagena Independence Day

Cuba

The Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces generally holds military parades in honor of the Day of the Cuban Armed Forces and the Triumph of the Revolution on Havana's Plaza de la Revolución. The first parade took place in 1960 for the latter event and over time, importance was transferred to Armed Forces Day in relation to military parades. In 2011, a special honor parade was held on April 16 to commemorate the golden jubilee since the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion.[22] The largest parade to be held took place in December 1986 in honor of the 30th anniversary of the revolution, in which General Humberto Ortega from Nicaragua, as well as officials from the Soviet Union, attended.[23] The diamond jubilee parade planned for 2016 was postponed for 1 month due to the death and state funeral of Fidel Castro, and took place during the Victory Day celebrations on 2 January 2017.[24][25]

Czech Republic

 
A parade of tanks of the ČSLA in Prague on Victory Day, 9 May 1985.
External video
  Czechoslovak Military Parade "Shield-84" - Vojenská přehlídka ČSLA "Štít-84

Large military parades in the Czech Republic are today held every 10 years in the capital of Prague, encompassing personnel from the Czech Army and the Police of the Czech Republic. The first of these parades occurred in 2008 in honor of the founding of Czechoslovakia on 28 October 1918.[26] Another one took place in 2018 and included foreign troops.[27]

Prior to 1918, military parades followed the tradition of their larger sovereign entity, including the military tradition of Austria-Hungary. Regular military parades were held during the period of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, with the first parades being organized in the 1950s. The first parade of the Czechoslovak People's Army (ČSLA) took place in 1951 in Letná. Since then, parades were held every five years on 9 May to mark the end of World War II and the Liberation of Czechoslovakia. To honor the latter's celebrations, the State Anthem of the Soviet Union would be performed by the massed bands on parade preceded by the Czechoslovakian national anthem. The last of these parades took place in 1985.[28][29]

Ecuador

Both the Armed Forces of Ecuador and the National Police of Ecuador hold important national parades to celebrate the anniversaries of national independence as well as of the Armed Forces and Police. National level parades are held on the following days:

  • February 27 - Army Day
  • May 24 - Armed Forces Day, the anniversary of the victory in the 1822 Battle of Pichincha
  • July 26 - Navy Day
  • August 10 - the anniversary of the Luz de America
  • October 9 - Guayaquil Independence Day
  • October 27 - Air Force Day
  • November 3 - Cueca Independence Day
  • November 18 - Loja Independence Day

Local military and police parades are held on a major city and provincial anniversaries.

Finland

 
The Nyland Brigade (Finnish: Uudenmaan prikaati) at the 2014 Festival Parade of the Finnish Defense Forces on the Valtakatu street in Lappeenranta, Finland

The parade traditions of Finland can be traced to the Swedish period, and later on during Russian administration, wherein the local formations adopted a few of the Russian parade traditions in tandem with the Swedish tradition and local practices. Today both the Finnish Defence Forces, together with its reserves the Territorial Forces companies of Finnish regions, the National Defence Training Association of Finland, the Finnish Border Guard and some of the Police of Finland all host parades held every year on the following dates:

The national parades are held in a host city selected for the year, and may include local military and police formations. Helsinki hosts the June 4 flag day parade every fifth year; 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017, 2022, 2027, and so on.

On the day of swearing their military oath, Finnish conscripts typically march in a small parade within their garrison or other parade ground.

France

The annual military parade in the French capital of Paris is held on July 14 during the Bastille Day holiday. It is currently the oldest and largest military parade on the European continent. It is held on the Champs-Élysées and passes from l'Arc de Triomphe to Place de la Concorde. Bastille Day parades are also held in smaller garrison towns such as Toulon and Belfort. The 1st Infantry Regiment of the French Republican Guard regularly performs ceremonial marchpasts in is role as the guard of honour for the President of the French Republic. Like the British, many French units have the ability to march in quick time, while only one - the French Foreign Legion - marches uniquely in slow time, while another unit of the armed forces marches in very quick time and that is of the Army's Chasseurs, especially its Chasseurs alpins.

In addition to the Armed Forces (including the National Guard) and the occasional participation of its veterans, the following take part in the national parade:

Local parades are held on the following days:

  • May 8 - Victory in Europe Day
  • November 11 - Armistice Day
  • Anniversaries of important battles fought by the French Armed Forces

Germany

Germany has had a long tradition of military parades dating back to the days of Kingdom of Prussia and its army and navy. It was the Prussians who invented the goose step, a style of marching that was used in many German armies as well as in the militaries of various countries, which were instructed by Prussian military training officers and instructors from the 19th century to the early 20th. Its traditions were also carried on in a number of former crown dominions in Prussian lands, including Hanover and the Rhineland, as well as in the allied Kingdom of Württemberg and the Kingdom of Saxony, the grand duchies, duchies and principalities, and the city-state military forces of Bremen and Hamburg. In Bavaria, a mix of the Prussian and Austrian practice in tandem with its local traditions was kept.

During the Nazi era, military parades were commonplace as they were held as a sort of victory parade for the German Wehrmacht as they invaded countries before and during the Second World War, as well as an expression of national pride in the armed forces, who together with the SS and the SA, as well as the other Nazi party uniformed organizations, formed part of the parades in the mid 1930s. The first major parades took place in Nuremberg in September 1938 and Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday in April 1939. In the months Immediately after the German invasion of Poland, a joint German–Soviet military parade took place in Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus). In Allied-occupied Germany, the major powers held parades through the center of Berlin to honor their victory. These include the Berlin Victory Parade of 1945, 1945 British Berlin Victory Parade and Berlin Victory Parade of 1946.

In the communist German Democratic Republic (GDR), parades were held according to the Russian standard, although the Soviet Army allowed the East Germans, thru the National People's Army and the Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic, to use the Prussian tradition, something that had been dropped by their West German counterparts in the 50s. In the GDR, parades were held on the following occasions:

The first parade took place on 1 May 1956 in the presence of President Wilhelm Pieck.[30] In the 60s and early 70s, parades took place on the western half of the Palace of the Republic, which was intended as a military parade ground, even though tremors from the heavy vehicles proved dangerous due to the glass facade. By 1979, the western half was used mainly as a parking lot and military parades were moved to Karl-Marx-Allee in central Berlin. A special parade was held on 13 August 1986 to mark the silver jubilee since construction on the Berlin Wall began, and the parade involved not just the NVA and the Grenztruppen but also the Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment and battalions of the Combat Groups of the Working Class.

 
Bundeswehr personnel on the Nürburgring.

In 1969, the first military parade of West Germany and later the entire Federal Republic of Germany was held on the Nürburgring in the town of Nürburg, Rhineland-Palatinate.[31] It took place on 6 June 1969 and was held to commemorate the 20th anniversary of both the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and creation of the Federal Republic in the West.[32] It was attended by Kurt Georg Kiesinger in his position as Federal Chancellor of Germany. Participating foreign and national units included those from the Bundeswehr, Canadian Forces Europe, United States Army Europe, as well as army contingents from France and the United Kingdom. Allied parades were also held later in the country's 40-year existence.

Today, military parades are held on the following holidays on a smaller scale:

  • Remembrance Day of July 20
  • German Unity Day (October 3)
  • Passing out parades of NCO training schools and officer training institutions

Greece

 
25th March military parade in Greece

The long history of the Hellenic Armed Forces and the role played in the defense and progress of the country are recalled in splendid and grand military parades that are held in major cities in the country following a hybrid of the British, French, Danish and German traditions on the following dates:

India

 
A spectacular overview of the 55th Republic Day Parade from India Gate in New Delhi

The tradition of military parades in India dates back to the medieval times as celebrations to honor Hindu gods in gratitude to victories against enemies. By the time of the Mughal Empire, with the introduction of gunpower weapons came the first European settlers, the Portuguese, in what is now Daman and Diu and Goa states, and the Portuguese Army, who introduced the modern form of parades to this country. These followed by servicemen from what is now The Netherlands, Ancien Régime France and the United Kingdom thru the East India Company (from the 17th century) and beginning from the 19th century the British Army, Royal Marines and the Royal Navy. Between these four countries, it was the UK that influenced the Indian military ceremonial tradition the most, as Hindu, Sikh, Tamil and Gurkha regiments, as well as a number of regiments from other races, whether be infantry, cavalry, artillery or engineers, alongside locally recruited seamen, were instructed in the British parade drill with adaptations to Indian conditions. They maintain the very same traditions today in the current Indian Armed Forces, and the current drills are a modernized form of those used beginning in 1895, the year of the foundation of the modern Indian Army, with parades having been held during the Delhi Durbars of 1903 and 1911 as well as during the King's Official Birthday in June.

Since 1951 the Republic Day Parade has held annually in Delhi to mark India's Republic Day, celebrating the enactment in that day in 1950 of the Constitution of India. It is the country's principal military parade honoring the Armed Forces for its long record of service to the country and is also a showcase of the achievements of India's defence industry, with a number of vehicles and aircraft featured being locally produced by factories under the Ministry of Defence and by local defense production firms. Parades are also held on the service holidays of the Armed Forces:

  • 15 January, Army Day
  • 8 October, Air Force Day
  • 4 December, Navy Day

In 2020, Captain Tania Shergill became the first female Parade Adjutant to lead a contingent at an Army Day parade.[33][34]

Alongside the Armed Forces and its veterans the national Republic Day Parade in Delhi, as well as regional parades held on this day and on 15 August, Independence Day, features the participation of the following uniformed organizations:

Special parades are held on:

  • The passing out and graduation ceremonies of all military and police training and educational institutions
  • Passing out and graduation parades of regimental centres
  • Presentation of military and police colours
  • Unit anniversaries

Korea

North Korea
Main article: Military parades in North Korea

All military parades of the Korean People's Army (KPA) and the Worker-Peasant Red Guards (WPRG) are centered in the national capital of Pyongyang and have a long tradition that goes back to the DPRK's establishment in 1948. Between 1993 and 2011, the DPRK held over a dozen military parades, which was frequent compared to the 1960s–80s, during which only three parades were held.[35] Known for its elaborate military drill, the country holds military parades annually on different dates (especially on jubilee years[36]), which feature a combination of Chinese and Russian techniques.[37] North Korean military parades are held on the following dates:

Drill rehearsals for female soldiers participating in the 2011 Republic Day Parade.

Rehearsals for these parades usually take place 3–6 weeks prior to the actual parade at the Mirim Parade Training Facility in the capital.[38][39] The actual parades are held in the capital's Kim Il-sung Square.

In addition, non-jubilee holiday parades have been mounted on the grounds of the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun on these days plus on:

Alongside the KPA and WPRG, also taking part are the policemen and women of the Ministry of Social Security's Korean People's Internal Security Forces (which also includes border police). In 2015 the Korean Children's Union made an inaugural appearance in the parade celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Workers' Party of Korea, forming the rear contingent of the military parade ground column made up of middle and junior high school students who are part of the KCU's Young Pioneer Corps. The first ever modern KCU parade, including cadets from the Mangyongdae and Kang Pang Sok Revolutionary Schools, was held in Kim Il-sung Stadium in 2012.

South Korea

The tradition of parades in South Korea began in 1946, with the first ever parades of what is now the Republic of Korea Armed Forces, alongside personnel of the United States Forces Korea, whose traditions would shape the young armed forces' parade and ceremonial practices till this day mixed with the Japanese practice (due to the long period of Japanese rule over the peninsula). Today, that tradition is mixed with those of the other armed services under United Nations Command that fought with them against the KPA, the People's Volunteer Army and the Soviet Air Forces during the Korean War. The parade tradition is also coupled as a showcase for the national defense industry as well, with many of the military equipment being featured being of national manufacture, and locally composed military marches being featured in the repertoire of the military bands that are a staple of these events.

As of the present the ROKAF marches in public parades in the following occasions:

The October 1 parade and related celebrations, while being not a public holiday but a National Flag Raising Day mandated by law, serve as the principal day of gratitude to the ROKAF and its veterans for service to the nation at large and to all Koreans abroad, and thus the ROKAF only marches in public parades on this day with Seoul, the national capital, hosting the national parades (large major parades on this day are held every 5th year since the 1948 foundation of the republic, a tradition that began in 1998). On other holidays, the following organizations march with the armed forces, all cadet formations under the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (South Korea) and the Republic of Korea Reserve Forces:

Mongolia

Military parades in Mongolia have a long tradition that dates back to the era of the Mongol Empire. Today they closely follow the Russian model with some modifications such as trooping of the Flag of Mongolia in a car rather than by foot. A Dangjiren is based on a cavalry military parade of the Mongols that were held in the 17th century.[40]

The first official military parade in Communist Mongolia took place in 1921 in honor of the victories of Damdin Sükhbaatar in the People's Revolution. The anniversary parades that followed have been held on jubilee years (specifically in 1946, 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986 and 1991).[41] After 1991, the practice was abandoned with the exception of 1996 when a parade in the National Sports Stadium commemorated the 790th anniversary of the founding of Mongolia and the 75th anniversary of the People's Revolution. After a 9-year break, the 2005 inauguration ceremony of Nambaryn Enkhbayar served as an event to hold a military parade on the central square. This took place again in 2009 for the inauguration of Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj. That same year, State Flag Day was introduced as a national holiday, which would also be celebrated with a parade.[42]

Military parades of the Mongolian Armed Forces on Sükhbaatar Square or in Choibalsan take place on the following occasions:[43]

External video
  The 70th anniversary parade of the People's Revolution of 1921
  Mongolian Military Parade 2011

During Mongolia's socialist period, annual civil/military parades of the Mongolian People's Army took place until 1991,[44] celebrating the following occasions:[45]

During these events, party and government leaders were viewed ascending to the top of Sükhbaatar's Mausoleum to take the salute.

Alongside the Armed Forces today's parades also involve personnel of the National Police Agency, the Internal Troops of Mongolia, the General Authority for Border Protection and the National Emergency Management Agency.

Paraguay

It was the armed services of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay that helped develop the traditions of military parades in Paraguay following the devastating Paraguayan War, resulting in the introduction of certain traditions beginning in the early 20th century, which would later be infused with German, Italian and French influence. Before that war, however, they were quite few parades with primarily Spanish influences. The first major parade ever to be held in the 20th century in this country was on August 22, 1935, celebrating the victory won in the Chaco War against the Bolivian Armed Forces. In the 1940s and 50s, German goose-stepping had been adopted in a limited scale thanks to Chilean instructors in the Francisco López Military Academy, the Acosta Ñu Military High School and the National Police Academy.

Today the Armed Forces of Paraguay stages massive military parades in Asunción, the national capital, together with the police on the following days:

  • May 14, Independence Day
  • June 12, Chaco War Victory Day
  • July 24, Army Day
  • September 12, Navy Day
  • September 22, Victory Day in the Battle of Curupayty
  • September 29, Victory Day in the Battle of Boqueron
  • November 6, Air Force Day

In addition, a local parade is held every August 15 in honor of the anniversary of the foundation of the city of Asunción and the Catholic Feast of the Assumption of Mary. Almost all parades are televised nationally.

Peru

The Peruvian Armed Forces and the National Police of Peru holds the yearly Great Military Parade of Peru every July 29 in Lima as the armed services' way of honoring the anniversary of national independence and the role they have played in shaping the history of the country. Together with these two services the Peruvian Volunteer Firefighters Corps and Peruvian National Penitentiary Institute also take part as well. Local level Independence Day parades are held on pre-determined days before July 28 and 29 as set by their respective local governments.

Parades held by service personnel and veterans of the armed forces are also marked on:

  • June 7 - Flag Day and Battle of Arica Memorial Day
  • June 26 - Air Force Day
  • September 24 - Armed Forces Day
  • October 8 - Navy Day
  • December 9 - Army Day and the anniversary of the Battle of Ayacucho

Philippines

The tradition of military parades in the Philippines traces its origins to the military parades held since the late 1700s in honor of the inaugurations of the Governors General of the Philippines, with troops provided by formations of the Spanish Army, Spanish Navy and the Spanish Marine Infantry, manned by personnel from Spain and her other colonies and locally recruited personnel. Parades were also held on the anniversaries of members of the Spanish royal family and important anniversaries. It was these parades that would model the revolutionary armed forces of the young country, made up of the young Philippine Revolutionary Army and local pro-independence militias, as it performed the first ever military parade on January 23, 1899, the day of the formal establishment of the First Philippine Republic in what is now the city of Malolos in Bulacan.

Today's military parade tradition are also combined with the latter influences of the United States Armed Forces, the Philippine Constabulary and the locally raised Philippine Scouts, which held parades together with the collegiate formations of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (raised 1912), and later on with Japanese influences during the brief Japanese occupation during the Second World War, where parades were held by servicemen of both the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy, which high stepped before dignitaries. During the inauguration of the Second Republic on October 14, 1943, Japanese-sponsored military formations marched past in what is now Manila's National Museum Building. On July 4, 1946, the day national independence was restored as a result of the promulgation of the Treaty of Manila, the first modern military parade was held involving both US and Philippine units in historic Rizal Park in Manila, and from then on military parades of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (composed of active and reserve servicemen and women and its veterans), the Philippine National Police, successor to the traditions and history of both the Constabulary and the Integrated National Police (established 1975) and the paramilitary Philippine Coast Guard under the Department of Transportation (established in its modern form in 1967 with roots dating back to 1901 and has been a separate organization since 1998), alongside the college and university ROTC units and other components of the National Service Training Program and the secondary school cadets in Citizen's Army Training (CAT) units from both public and private institutions, are a part of national life and a big staple during major national holidays. These events are expressions of national pride and gratitude for services for the country by servicemen and women of these organizations and a demonstration of their importance to national defense and security. On July 7, 1974, the Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas opened its doors with a grand civil-military parade entitled "Kasaysayan ng Lahi" (History of the Race) in time for Miss Universe 1974, which also featured formations in historical uniforms from the pre-Spanish era up to the Second World War as well as living veterans of the latter conflict. Until 1962, parades were held on July 4, the former date of Independence Day, and the last Rizal Day parade in honor of the presidential inauguration was held in 1969. Today military parades in the Philippines, which are sometimes also televised events, are held on a number of days (local commemorations indicated in parenthesis):

  • January 23, First Republic Day (local commemoration)
  • January 29, National Police Day
  • March 23, Army Day
  • April 9, Day of Valor
  • May 20, Navy Day
  • May 28, Flag Day
  • June 12, Independence Day
  • July 1, Air Force Day
  • August 18, Police Service Day
  • October 17, Coast Guard Day
  • December 21, Armed Forces Day
  • On anniversaries of important battles fought by the Armed Forces of the Philippines, including the following days:
    • February 9, Mandaluyong Liberation and Cityhood Day (local commemoration)
    • March 3, Victory Day in the Battle of Manila (local commemoration)
    • March 18, Panay Liberation Day (local commemoration)
    • March 26, Talisay Landing Day (local commemoration)
    • August 30, Battle of Pinaglabanan Day (local commemoration)
    • September 2, Victory over Japan Day (local commemoration)
    • September 12, Battle of Pulang Lupa Day (local commemoration)
    • October 20, Leyte Landing Day (local commemoration)
    • November 5, Al Cinco de Noviembre (local commemoration)
  • During a change of command, retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces, the Philippine Military Academy and all officer candidate schools
  • During holidays and festivals marked by each of the provinces, cities and towns
  • On June 30, the date of the Philippine presidential inauguration
  • During inauguration ceremonies of provincial governors and city and municipal chief executives

Parades in Metro Manila are held principally in the parade grounds of Camp Aguinaldo in Quezon City and Quirino Grandstand in Manila with the Philippine Army headquarters in Taguig and Villamor Air Base in Pasay as secondary venues. Parades are also held in the grounds of Clark Air Base in Pampanga. Regionally, the Bicol Region Military Parade held every second Friday of September in Naga, Camarines Sur, with over 19,000 youth cadets and athletes from high schools and universities, together with the Armed Forces, National Police and the Bureau of Fire Protection, all taking part, is the country's biggest parade held in honor of the festivities of Our Lady of Peñafrancia, and is also the longest and with such big numbers of people marching this civil-military parade is one of the largest ever to be annually held in Southeast Asia. Parades are also held in major cities in the regions during national and regional holidays.

Alongside the AFP, PNP and PCG, all ROTC units and CAT units in secondary schools (with occasional participation of athletes), also taking part in these parade are:

  • Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
  • Bureau of Fire Protection
  • Boy Scouts of the Philippines
  • Girl Scouts of the Philippines
  • Military veterans
  • Law enforcement and emergency veterans

Poland

 
A Polish Air Force ceremonial guard during the Armed Forces Day parade.

The Polish Armed Forces and the Police of Poland holds two yearly military parades (Polish: Defilada wojskowa) in the capital of Warsaw: The Armed Forces Day parade through Ujazdów Avenue and the National Independence Day parade near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on Piłsudski Square. Both of these parades include NATO personnel stationed near or inside the country. The Armed Forces Day Parade was introduced in 2007 and 2008 as first grand military parades since the holiday was reinstated and have been held yearly since 2013. The first Polish military parade took place on 17 January 1945. Prior to 1989, parades were held in front of the Palace of Culture and Science on Parade Square on 22 July commemorate the National Day of the Rebirth of Poland celebrations, honoring the anniversary of the signing of the Stalin-sponsored PKWN Manifesto. Back then, the People's Republic of Poland used many Russian traditions in regard to military parades, especially the inspection by the Minister of Defence. In 1966, during the millennium celebrations of the Christianization of Poland, a parade was held on 22 July which included cadets of military academies and personnel of Polish ceremonial units dressed in historical military uniforms dating back to the Piast dynasty.[46][47] A special parade was held on 9 May 1985 to honor the 40th anniversary of the Victory in Europe and the servicemen of the Polish Armed Forces in the West and the East. In 2019, a 3rd was added when the yearly 3 May Constitution Day parades, last held in 1939 and were held off and on since 1990, were officially reinstated.

Parades are held by these two organizations in major cities and provincial capitals.

Alongside these two organizations and their veterans the following also take part:

Romania

The Romanian tradition of military parades (Parada militara/Defilada militara) dates back to the days as a kingdom, based on the traditions of Russia, Germany and Greece (and later on Hungary beginning in 1918, following the accession into the country of Transylvania). The traditions took a new form during the days as a socialist republic from 1947 to 1989, with additional Soviet influences, with August 23, Liberation from Fascist Occupation Day and also currently Black Ribbon Day, being the day of the principal parade held in Bucharest involving the Romanian People's Army celebrating the 1944 King Michael's Coup which ended years of fascist administration in Romania, one of the direct consequences of the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in 1940. While the first parade was held in 1945 the first anniversary of the coup and as a celebration of the Allied victory in the Second World War in Europe, the final parade was held in 1989, the coup's sapphire jubillee year anniversary.[48] Most often the parades were held on Bucharest's Charles de Gaulle Square, and today's military parades, with occasional participation of armed forces from NATO countries, are held in either Constitution Square in the capital or at the Șoseaua Kiseleff near the Arch of Triumph.[49]

Today the Romanian Armed Forces holds military parades on the following holidays:

  • 1st Sunday of April, NATO Day (movable date)
  • April 23, Land Forces Day
  • May 9, Independence and Victory Day and Europe Day
  • May 10, King's Day
  • July 20, Air Force Day
  • August 15, Navy Day
  • October 25, Armed Forces Day and King Michael I's Birthday
  • November 3, Day of the Vânători de munte
  • December 1, Great Union Day
  • On the occasion of passing out parades of military academies and NCO schools

Parades are also held by the Armed Forces in a number of major cities.[50]

Together with the Armed Forces marching on these parades are the following:

Russia and ex-Soviet countries

 
The N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy, led by Captain Anatoliy Karpenko, during a parade on Leningrad's Palace Square in 1983.

The Western tradition of military parades in the Russian Empire was part of the many reforms made by Peter the Great as part of his many efforts to transform the army and the navy from traditional militias to a full-blown professional armed service that is a model for the people in discipline and obedience, courage, bravery, loyalty to the country and in bringing pride and glory to her people. During the Imperial period, national parades were alternated between Moscow and Saint Petersburg on major national civil and military holidays, anniversaries of the Romanov Dynasty and as part of the imperial coronation celebrations, celebrations and parades were also held in many major cities and provincial capitals.

So important was the value of these parades that even the Soviet Armed Forces made these parades a common tradition beginning in August 1918 when the first modern parade was held in Moscow's Red Square when Moscow area Vsevobuch detachments march past, earlier than May, a military parade, the first by the nascent Red Army, was held outside the capital. Since that year, many innovations have been seen in the practice of annual parades held not just there but in the capital cities of the former Soviet Union, as well as in major cities in the wide country, which were held on 1 May (1918-1941 and 1945-1968), 7 November (1920-1941 and 1945-1990) and 9 May (1945, 1965, 1985 and 1990). The following areas in the union republics were where common parades were held in 1990:

Today, the Russian Armed Forces - and by extension countries of the former Soviet Union - host a variety of military parades held on important national holidays, honoring the men and women of their armed forces and military veterans. The celebrations in each of these countries carry on years of tradition, honor, discipline, and prestige by the millions of men and women who serve and have served in the ranks of the armed forces of their respective home countries. These parades have extensive government funding and aside from the iconic wide march past columns and occasional historical formations, typically include a mobile column, and occasionally a naval fleet review and/or air force fly past segment, a legacy of the Soviet era. Alongside the armed forces and occasionally youth cadets of military high schools, law enforcement and emergency services also take part in the parades in their countries.

 
A Russian Armed Forces Honour Parade on Red Square in November 2018.
Armenia

While the country was a Soviet Republic from 1920 to 1991, Armenia was formerly independent from 1918 to 1920 and thus had armed forces composed of both veterans of the Imperial Army and guerillas fighting the Ottoman armed forces who had been enforcing the anti-Armenian massacres of 1914. Armenians fought bravery in the Eastern Front of the Second World War as part of the Soviet Armed Forces, retaining some of its traditions today. The last of the Soviet-era parades took place in 1988.[51] Today, the Armed Forces of Armenia hosts massive parades held in Yerevan, the capital city, on the following days:

In recent years, national military parades have included drill units and military bands performing exhibition drill for the guests before the parade concludes.

Armenian military parades have garnered notable controversy. The 1996 parade coincided with the presidential election, which would take place the day after, which resulted in many opposition figures charging President Levon Ter-Petrosyan, who was in attendance, with putting on a show of force to his opposition and particularly supporters of his opponent Vazgen Manukyan.[52] Another controversial aspect was censorship, an example of this being in 1994, when Ruben Satyan (editor-in-chief of the Russian language newspaper Vremya) reported that one Armenian general was wearing non-regulation trousers with sewn red stripes on pants intended for a private, a report which resulted in Satyan being summoned to the local military prosecutor's office, who warned him to never do a report like this again, particularly saying that "It's good you're not 45, otherwise, I'd have you sent to fight in Karabakh".[53]

Azerbaijan
Main article: Military parades in Azerbaijan

The semi-annual parade on the Day of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan, 26 June, is one of the biggest in the Commonwealth of Independent States, held every 3 to 5 years at the Azadliq Square, Baku, honoring the many Azerbaijanis who served faithful under the colours as part of her armed forces. The forces on parade are assembled based on a mix of the Turkish and Russian parade formation.

A special victory parade was held on that square on 10 December 2020 to mark the Azeri victory in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

Alongside the semi annual parades celebration marches and occasional parades are held on the following:

  • 9 May, Victory in Europe Day
  • 28 May, Republic Day
  • 15 September, anniversary of the Azerbaijani-Turkish victory in the 1918 Battle of Baku
  • 18 October, Independence Day
  • 8–9 November, Victory Day in the Nagorno-Karabakh Patriotic War and Flag Day
  • Passing out parades and ceremonies of military educational institutions
Belarus
See also: List of Victory Day Parades in Minsk

The first venue for the parades in the capital was Cathedral Square. Military parades and solemn processions took place here even before the October Revolution.[54] Upon the Liberation of Minsk in 1944, a parade now known as the Partisans Parade was held. Military parades in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic took place on October Square from 1946 to 1984.

The Armed Forces of Belarus holds an annual military parade on 3 July along the Victors Avenue in the national capital Minsk, marking the anniversary of the liberation of the country during the 1944 Minsk Offensive, which coincides with the country's Independence Day. On special years of the victory in Europe, commemorative extraordinary parades are held there on 9 May to honor the millions of Belarusian military dead of the Second World War. Military parades in the country are based on the Russian/Polish model and tradition. Formerly, parades in the Republic of Belarus and the BSSR took place on Independence Square (known in the Soviet era as Lenin Square). This changed in the early 2000s when the square was renovated and became incompatible with the parade format. Since 2004, military parades in the capital have taken place on Victors Avenue.[55]

The first military parade in the Western city of Grodno was held 2015 on Lenin Square.[56] In connection with the centennial of the Belarusian Armed Forces in 2018, a military parade was also held in Grodno.

Estonia

While being formerly independent from 1918 to 1940 and as a component republic of the Soviet Union from that year to 1941 and yet again from 1944 to 1991, the current Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Defence League, successor to both the military and reserve forces of the First Republic and republican formations under the Baltic Military District and Baltic Fleet of the Soviet Armed Forces, marches during a combination of Russian, Finnish and Western drill in parades held in the following days:

During the 2006 Victory Day Parade in Saaremaa, the first-ever Fleet Review of the Estonian Navy in Estonian history was conducted by the Estonian Defence League. The Soviet era Estonian language term for the annual parade on what was formerly Victory Square during the 7 November holiday was the Oktoobriparaad ("October Parade").[57]

Georgia

The Defense Forces of Georgia, successor to the armed services of the Democratic Republic and Soviet formations stationed in the Georgian SSR, hosts military parades on May 26, Independence Day, the anniversary of the formation of the republic in 1918, together with elements from the National Police, the Border Police and the Georgian Coast Guard. The first parade was held on Independence Day in 1991, with 10,000 soldiers of the National Guard of Georgia taking their oath of service in front of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia at Boris Paichadze Stadium. The parade was held without heavy equipment (by order of parade commander, Colonel Avtandil Tskitishvili), with only a small detachment of cavalry being brought to the stadium.[58] Another parade was organized in 1993. From 1997 to 2004, no military parades had been organized by the government, citing financial difficulties.[59] In 2004, President Mikheil Saakashvili restored the tradition of holding military parades.[60] National independence parades have also been held in the cities of Batumi[61] and Kutaisi.

Modern parades are a mix of the former Soviet and modern Western (British, US, Turkish and Israeli) traditions and drill owing to the modernization of the defense and public security forces to NATO and EU standards.

Kazakhstan

The Armed Forces of Kazakhstan holds military parades (Kazakh: Әскери парад) that resemble the parades of the Russian military in Moscow, with one of the only exceptions being the inspection of the troops by the Supreme Commander of the Kazakh Armed Forces, instead of the defense minister. It has never held yearly parades celebrating one occasion, with parades currently being held in honor of the Defender of the Fatherland Day holiday, the first of which being 2014 and the largest parade in existence being held on this date in 2015.[62] In the past, large scale military parades in the former capital of Almaty and the current capital of Astana were held on the following holidays:

In recent years, the Defender of the Fatherland Day parade was expanded to function as a so-called "Battle Parade" (Боевой парад). So far, only two of these kinds of parades have been held; in 2013 and 2018.[65] In contrast to usual military parades, the battle parade includes tactical exercises and military demonstrations after the parade itself. These parades usually are held at the 40th Otar Military Base in the Korday District and take place with the troops in full combat gear rather than a ceremonial full dress uniform. Like former Soviet republics, Kazakh military parades are led by a cadet drum corps, specifically from the Astana Zhas Ulan Republican School.

As of 2020, the MC for parade ceremonies is Azamat Kanapiya, who announces the parade live and not pre-recorded like his Russian counterparts.[citation needed]

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz military parades are based on Russian traditions, having been held on many occasions in the history of the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan. Currently, the only consistent military parade is held on Ala-Too Square in Bishkek every 5 years in honor of the country's Independence Day. Other military parades have been held celebrating different occasions. On 24 March 2006, a parade was held on the same square celebrating the 1 year anniversary since the Tulip Revolution which overthrew President Askar Akayev.[66][67][68] In May of that same year, a Day of the Armed Forces parade on the same square, later being deemed as "irresponsible" by opposition lawmaker Omurbek Tekebaev due to the fact that it coincided with opposition protests against President Kurmanbek Bakiyev, which itself was described by Defence Minister Ismail Isakov as purely "coincidental".[69] In 2015, a Victory Day Parade was held in the Kyrgyz capital, being presided by Prime Minister Temir Sariyev and Chief of General Staff Asanbek Alymkozhoev in place of President Almazbek Atambayev, who was attending the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade that same day.[70] The parade saw the appearance of veterans of the war in the mobile column as well as Russian troops from the local Kant Air Base taking part in the parade.

Latvia

Latvia, like its neighbors to the north and south, was also formerly independent from 1918 to 1940 and as a component republic of the Soviet Union from that year to 1941 and yet again from 1944 to 1991, and its armed forces, then as in the 90s, were formed up of Latvian born personnel who served in the Russian military and thus share some of the Russian drill and parade ceremonial in combination with Western practices. After the restoration of Latvia's independence, parades at the Freedom Monument began on 23 August 1992.[71] Today, the Latvian National Armed Forces hosts massive parades (with occasional participation by service personnel of NATO armed forces) on the following dates:

Lithuania

The first official military parade in Lithuania took place on 11 May 1919 in Kaunas.[72] In the latter years of Soviet rule, military parades were met with much hostility. In 1989, protesters in Vilnius blocked tanks rolling on the central avenue[73] and a year later, Chairman of the Supreme Council Vytautas Landsbergis and Prime Minister Kazimira Prunskienė both condemned the holding of a Soviet parade as "psychological warfare" and an attempt by the Soviet authorities to "intimidate" then breakaway republic.[74]

An annual parade is held on Lithuanian Armed Forces Day (celebrated on 23 November). The holiday is traditionally celebrated with a noon parade reviewed by the President of Lithuania on Cathedral Square in Vilnius, which runs through Gediminas Avenue to Independence Square. NATO, alongside Lithuanian troops take part in the parade.[75] In recent years large parades were held on the 95th anniversary and centennial (in 2013 and 2018) of the restoration of the Lithuanian military.[76] Another large parade was held in 2004 on the occasion of the nation joining NATO.[77][78]

Russia

Military parades in Russia were first held in 1702 as a troop review, but later grew into a ceremonial event held by order of the President of the Russian Federation in his constitutional duty as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. Alongside personnel and veterans of the Armed Forces, marching past in these parades are cadets of military high schools and middle schools and the Young Army Cadets National Movement, cadets of military faculties of civil universities and battalions of Cossacks, honoring their forebears who fought for their homeland in times past. Also, the following uniformed organizations take part in these parades:

Today, the Moscow Victory Day Parade is the main national parade in the country, which follows the traditional format of the now defunct October Revolution Day Parades and the International Workers Day Parade. In Russia, military parades are annually held in many parts of the country on the following days:

Two of the most significant military parades on Moscow's Red Square were 1941 October Revolution Parade and the Victory Parade in 1945. Individual parades on the square were held on 7 March 1919 and 27 July 1920 in honor of World Congresses of the Communist International, on 7 February 1934 in honor of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), on the very first Day of Tankmen in 1946[79] and one following the state funeral of Joseph Stalin in March 1953. Today, the square serves as the foremost parade venue in the nation. Rehearsals for these parades took place at Khodynka Aerodrome and Vnukovo Airfield in the Soviet era and the Alabino in the modern era.[80]

The following Days of Military Honour often see parades held in individual cities:

Tajikistan
See also: Tajikistan Independence Day Military Parade
 
A Victory Day Parade in Victory Park, Dushanbe.

Tajik military parades are held every 2 to 3 years on Dushanbe's Dousti Square. They are either held on the occasion of Independence Day or Armed Forces Day. They usually feature the entire Dushanbe Garrison and its military equipment. The first parade in Dushanbe, which was at the time known as Stalinabad, took place on an area known as Red Square on 7 November 1945. Since then, Soviet military parades of the 201st Motor Rifle Division in the Tajikistan SSR have been held on 9 May and 7 November in Lenin Square annually until 1990. The first military parade in the Republic of Tajikistan was held on armed forces day in 1993.[83][84][85]

Parades are also occasionally held in honor of the inaugurations of the President of Tajikistan, the last was in 2020 in honor of President Emomali Rahmon's 5th inauguration.[86]

Turkmenistan

The principal parade hosted by the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan is held during the annual Independence Day Parade in Independence Square in Ashgabat every September 27, Independence Day, marking the day of the declaration of Turkmen independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. (From 1992 to 2017 the parade was held on October 27, the day of the independence plebiscite.) Parades have also been held on Day of Neutrality. In 2020, the 75th anniversary of the victory in World War II was celebrated with a military parade for the first time at the square in front of the Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex.[87][88]

Ukraine

Ukrainian parades involve the active and reserve men and women and veterans of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It holds parades on the following:

Something that distinguishes Ukrainian military parades from its other post-Soviet counterparts is, during the Kyiv parade, the marchpast of the tri-service Kyiv Presidential Honor Guard Battalion with the Flag of Ukraine to raise at the flagpole while honors are rendered, which includes the playing of Shche ne vmerla Ukraina. Since 2014, military bands have also played an integral part in these parades by marching with their units as part of the parade. Unlike their other counterparts, who use Hello Comrades as the official greeting during parades, Ukraine uses Glory to Ukraine as the official holiday greeting, with the troops responding by saying Glory to the Heroes.[89]

The first major parade was held on 9 May 1995, with the participation of over 75 veterans from Ukraine and the CIS.[90] The voice of military parades in Ukraine is Dmitry Khorkin, who since 2011 has been the official master of ceremonies for the national parades held in Kyiv's Independence Square.[91][92][93] Khorkin's voice became remarkable for official events with the participation of the country's top officials and for supporting the Ukrainian army, that's why he had received threats from pro-Russian separatists before the 2016 military parade.[94]

Other cities hold parades on the following days:

In addition to the Armed Forces and the Territorial Defense Forces, the following organizations also take part:

Serbia/Former Yugoslavia

Military parades in Serbia and the former Yugoslavia follow a close tradition that is significantly unique to the Balkan states. Their usage of the high step instead of the more European goose step is a notable display of heritage and tradition in their parades. The Yugoslav People's Army held its first military parade on Bulevar revolucije just days before the conclusion of the Second World War on International Workers Day. Another parade on 20 October of that same year was held in honor of the one year anniversary of the end of the Belgrade Offensive.[96]

Since then military parades in the SFRY were held on the following dates and occasions:

  • 1 May 1946
  • 19 October 1946
  • 1 May 1947
  • 1 May 1948
  • 1 May 1949
  • 1 May 1950
  • 1 May 1951
  • 1 May 1952
  • 1 May 1953
  • 1 May 1954
  • 1 May 1955
  • 1 May 1956
  • 1 May 1957
  • 1 May 1960
  • 1 May 1961
  • 1 May 1962
  • 1 May 1963
  • 1 May 1964
  • 9 May 1965
  • 9 May 1970
  • 9 May 1975 – It was the first parade to feature the high-stepping march style, which was instituted by Marshal Josip Broz Tito to assert his independence from Soviet influence.
  • 9 May 1985 – The parade (branded as Parade 85) was the last victory parade before the break up of Yugoslavia in the early 90s. It was also significant as it was the first parade that was not presided by Marshal Tito as leader of Yugoslavia.

Outside of the Serbian Armed Forces, the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia, the Armed Forces of Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina still use the Serbian/Yugoslav parade format, as shown below.

Croatia
 
Victory Day parade in Zagreb 2015, on 20 anniversary of its victorious Operation Storm .

The first Croatian military parade took place in the neighborhood of Jarun on 30 May 1995, marking Croatian Statehood Day.[97][98] Another parade was held on the same date in 1997.

A special military parade of the Armed Forces of Croatia in honor of Victory Day was held on 4 August 2015 in Zagreb, celebrating the twentieth anniversary of Operation Storm.[99] Lijepa naša domovino (the national anthem) was notably performed by 12-year old Mia Negovetić, accompanied by the Croatian Armed Forces Band and the Croatian Navy's vocal ensemble.[100] The editorial board of the Zagreb-based Jutarnji list gave a positive review of the event and called for the introduction of regular parades on 4 August,[101] whereas military analyst Igor Tabak criticized the inauthenticity of many "historical units".[102]

North Macedonia

On Army Day in 2012, a parade at Ilinden Barracks in Skopje was held on the jubilee of the 20th anniversary of the Army of North Macedonia led by the Chief of the General Staff, Major General Gorancho Koteski.[103]

Serbia
 
The Serbian Guards Unit during the Belgrade Military Parade.

The first massive parade in the Republic of Serbia took place on Liberation Day on 16 October 2014. Known commonly as the March of the Victor, the parade took place on Nikola Tesla Boulevard and included 4,500 Serbian Army troops, the Russian Swifts aerobatic team and even an appearance by Russian President Vladimir Putin as the guest of honour.[104] Similar parades are still held annually.[105] On 10 May 2019, the first Victory Day Parade in close to 35 years was held in the city of Niš. Branded as the "Defence of Freedom" show, the parade also included personnel of the Police of Serbia, which also marked the 20th anniversary of the Yugoslav resistance to the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.[106][107][108][109]

Singapore

The tiny city-state of Singapore has had a tradition of parades since the late 19th century thanks to the British presence as a colony of the Strait Settlements. The traditions of British Armed Forces formations in the island, which remained for more than a century till the last units left in the 1970s, have inspired the parade and ceremonial traditions and drill of the paramount uniformed organizations of the nation, the Singapore Armed Forces (established 1958) and the Singapore Police Force (established 1820). Until the 1960s, the King's/Queen's Birthday was marked by parades by the British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, as well as parades by the Australian and New Zealand Defence Forces. A special victory parade was held in late September 1945 to mark the victory over Japan and the conclusion of the Second World War. In those years, the Singapore Volunteer Corps, raised 1854, served as the local force representing the island in such events, a role it played for more than a century until the mid-1960s.

The first ever modern parade was held on 3 December 1959 to mark the inauguration of Singapore's second Governor and first President Yusof Ishak,[110] with the 1st battalion of the young Singapore Infantry Regiment in attendance at the historic city Padang in front of historic National Gallery Singapore complex, then City Hall, alongside the SPF, the then Singapore Fire Brigade (now the Singapore Civil Defence Force), representatives of the British Armed Forces and the cadet organizations, as well as students from secondary and primary schools. The 1959 Inauguration Parade would set a precedent that would be seen in future parades held in the country, later inflused with elements from within Southeast Asia and abroad, as well as the already dominant Commonwealth tradition and the Padang would be seen as the place of big parades in the nation. Beginning 1960, parades were held on a set date nearest 3 June to mark National Day, at first in honor of the country's grant of self-governance as an independent Commonwealth realm in 1958-59.[111] It all ended in 1963 with the merger with Malaysia and the first Malaysia Day Parades were held at the Padang on 15–16 September 1963 to mark accession as a Malaysian state, and parades were held until 1964 on that day, 31 August and on 12 August, the Governor's birthday. Late in 1963 an extraordinary Padang parade was held to mark the visit to the state of the then Yang di-Pertuan Agong, HM Putra of Perlis, which saw the participation of the 6th Battalion, Royal Malay Regiment.

On 9 August 1966 the inaugural Singapore National Day Parade was held at the Padang with President Ishak as guest of honor and principal guest, with the parade now using Malay language drill, a tradition inherited from the Malaysian Armed Forces, which replaced the English drill commands in 1963. 9 August was chosen to mark the date of the historic 1965 Proclamation of Singapore. Since then the civil-military parade and the post-parade cultural, musical and gymnastic presentations following it have been synonymous with National Day commemorations, serving thus as the nation's principal national parade, at times one of the largest in all of Southeast Asia with occasional military mobile, sea and air columns. Today the Padang hosts the NDP every 5 years as a show of gratitude to that National Monument's place in the country's history, at other years the National Stadium and The Float @ Marina Bay (soon NS Square) have at times alternated as the venues of the parade. In 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981 and 1983 the parade was a localized event held in several sports stadiums. In 2019 the NDP was held at the Padang in a break from tradition to honor the Singapore Biccentenial.[112] A televised event produced by Mediacorp, it is also live streamed globally to millions online and features, together with the SAF, SPF and SCDF, the following organizations:

  • Immigration and Checkpoints Authority
  • Singapore Customs
  • National Cadet Corps
  • National Police Cadet Corps
  • National Civil Defence Corps
  • Singapore Scout Association
  • Girl Guides
  • Red Cross Youth
  • St. John's Ambulance Brigade
  • Boys Brigade Singapore
  • Girls Brigade Singapore
  • SAFRA National Service Association
  • Singaporean higher educational institutions
  • Singaporean secondary schools
  • People's Action Party and PAP Community Foundation
  • National Trades Union Congress
  • Contingents of government ministries
  • Contingents of national statuory boards and state owned corporations
  • Contingents of public and private NGOs
  • Contingents of private local and foreign corporations
  • Singapore National Olympic Council and Sport Singapore

Parades are also held in the following occasions:

  • 15 February, Total Defence Day
  • 8 May, NPCC Day
  • 24 May, Police Day
  • 1 July, SAF Day
  • 11 November, Remembrance Day
  • On the occasion of the inaugurations of the President of Singapore
  • On the occasion of passing out parades of the Basic Military Training Centre, Specialist Cadet School and Officer Cadet School
  • Service and branch anniversaries

South Africa

The tradition of military parades in South Africa traces its origin to the Netherlands, thru the Dutch East India Company, and later on the United Kingdom. The combination of traditions from these two countries created a unique South African tradition that would be manifested in the public parades of today's South African National Defence Force, created 1912 on the basis of the former separate regional armed forces of the country and has been in its current form since 1994, infusing traditions from the armed forces of the former Bantustans and the guerrilla forces of some of the political parties involved in South Africa until the 1990s.

Today, the parade held on Armed Forces Day held every 21 February serves as the principal military parade of the SANDF. It is a double anniversary of both the 1917 sinking of SS Mendi during the First World War, which became the country's biggest military tragedy in history, and the 1994 reformation of the South Africa Defence Force into the current day SANDF. The national parade is held yearly in a set host city, with the service branches organizing celebrations yearly with a specific branch being tasked for the organization of the national celebrations, with responsibilities being changed year after year. Taking the salute is the President of South Africa, who is commander in chief of the Forces.

Turkey

The Turkish tradition of military parades was introduced in the 19th century as part of the Westernization and modernization of the army and navy of the then Ottoman Empire to modern standards of warfare and military ceremonial, a tradition carried on by the modern Turkish Armed Forces, whose parade drill includes high stepping, a tradition introduced in the 1900s.

Today parades held by the Turkish Armed Forces and its veterans are held in the following days:

  • April 23 - National Sovereignty and Children's Day
  • May 19 - Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day
  • August 30 - Victory Day, also principal holiday of the Armed Forces
  • October 29 - Republic Day

The August 30 parade is the country's principal parade, and features vehicle and aviation elements, many of them nationally produced, in addition to the usual marchpast.

United Kingdom

 
The troops of the Household Division during the 2017 Trooping the Colour

In the United Kingdom, a guard of honour traditionally performs the march past for whoever received the salute. In the capital of London, traditional ceremonial units that perform public duties (the King's Guard for example) take part in military parades such as the more common Trooping the Colour on Horse Guards Parade and special parades during the jubilee years of the monarch in his or her capacity as commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces. The Household Cavalry (Blues and Royals and Life Guards) traditionally perform trot pasts in mounted formation, together with the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery. These units have been known to parade in slow and quick time. Personnel of the armed forces, cadet organizations, The Royal British Legion and veterans' organizations also parade during national holidays such as Remembrance Day or Armed Forces Day, and in local Freedom of the City parades. Also common are passing out parades, which are held within training establishments of the armed services. During a regimental military parade, the regimental march of the unit is played.

United States

 
President George H. W. Bush greeting Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. on the parade route.

Military parades in the American capital are held quadrennially by servicemen of the United States Armed Forces during the Presidential inaugural parade. These are not considered to be regular military parades however, as the parading formations are actually not entirely composed of armed servicemen.

The first known organized military procession in the United States was the Grand Review of the Armies, on May 23 and May 24, 1865, following the end of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The New York City Victory Parade of 1946 was held in mid-January in 1946 to commemorate the conclusion of World War II and the Allied victory over the Axis Powers in all theaters of the war, helped by the service of millions of Americans who served under the armed forces and the National Guard, in addition to the state defense forces. In the late 40s and the early 50s, massive parades in honor of Army Day and later Armed Forces Day were held in the capital.[113] The most recently held military parade was the National Victory Celebration on June 8, 1991, to celebrate the conclusion of Gulf War in Iraq.

In 2018, a national debate was sparked when President Donald Trump proposed to hold a military parade on 10 November 2018 in honor of the Veterans Day holiday the next day, commonly known as the "Trump Military Parade". This was seen by most as expensive and authoritarian-like and by August of that year, the Department of Defense announced that the military parade would be postponed until 2019.[114] The 2019 Fourth of July parade was the first attended by the President of the United States in his capacity as the constitutional commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces and the National Guard Bureau, with the parade route changed to include the Lincoln Memorial complex within the greater area around the National Mall.[115][116][117] It was also the first time since the 1950s where units aside from the guards of honor, also included cadets from the military academies, units of the Armed Forces and the National Guard and the nationally produced military equipment of the services marching past in the national capital city in front of the members of government, Congress, veterans and the people of the capital.

Annual military parades, as well as armed forces and veterans' participation in civil parades are held in the following days in major cities in the country, in areas with military installations and in state capitals:

  • March 29: Vietnam Veterans Day
  • 3rd Saturday of May: Armed Forces Day
  • Last Monday of May: Memorial Day
  • 14 June: Flag Day and Army Birthday
  • 4 July - United States Independence Day
  • 11 November - Veterans Day
  • 4th Thursday of November - Thanksgiving Day

Parades are also held within the military academies, high schools, bases and installations of the Armed Forces, as well as by JROTC and ROTC units, the National Guard's Youth Challenge Program and youth uniformed cadet organizations (Young Marines, American Cadet Alliance, National Defense Cadet Corps and the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps (including the Navy League Cadet Corps)) on the following days aside from the aforementioned Army Birthday:

  • 4 August: Coast Guard Day (United States Coast Guard)
  • 17 September: Air Force Day (United States Air Force)
  • 13 October: US Navy Birthday (United States Navy)
  • 27 October: Navy Day (United States Navy)
  • 10 November: Marine Corps Day (United States Marine Corps)
  • 13 December: National Guard Day (National Guard of the United States)
  • During a change of command, retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces and all military academies and high schools
  • During unitwide anniversaries and remembrance days of important battles of the Armed Forces
  • During holidays marked by each of the states and federal territories and major cities as well as in Puerto Rico as can be permitted by the commander of the unit taking part
  • During inauguration ceremonies of state governors and country, city and municipal chief executives

The typical presidential inaugural or holiday parade hosted in Washington, D.C., is hosted by the National Capital Region of the Department of Defense, while local and state level parades are hosted by the local military installations and local area governments.

Alongside personnel and veterans of the Armed Forces and the National Guard Bureau and all others mentioned above, all active, reserve and retired state defense forces and naval militia personnel also take part in these parades in addition with, in local areas, personnel from the following organizations:

Venezuela

 
Cadets of the Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela in their unique slow march in a military parade

Full blown military parades by the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela together with the Venezuelan National Police are held on the following days:

  • 13 April, National Militia Day
  • 19 April, 19 April National Day
  • 24 June, Army Day
  • 5 July, Independence Day
  • 24 July, Navy Day (including the occasional fleet review)
  • 7 August, National Guard Day
  • 27 November, Air Force Day
  • During change of command, retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces and all military academies and high schools
  • Following the presidential inauguration ceremony every 6 years in Caracas

Taking part on these parades are active duty and reserve personnel of the NBAF and its service branches, and these are a mix of the German, British and later on Chinese and Russian traditions.

In August 2018, during a military parade and ceremony on the Venezuelan National Guard's 81st anniversary, President Nicolás Maduro was targeted in a drone attack, which left him unharmed, and left 8–9 people injured.

Vietnam

As a former French territorial possession, Vietnam hosts a number of military parades with a combination of French, Russian and Chinese drill featuring the People's Army of Vietnam and Vietnam People's Public Security on the following dates:

  • April 30, Reunification Day and Conclusion of the Vietnam War Anniversary
  • May 1, International Workers' Day and Air Force Day
  • May 7, Victory Day in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and Navy Day
  • August 19, August Revolution Day and People's Public Security Day
  • September 2, Independence Day and Victory Over Japan Day
  • October 10, Capital Liberation Day
  • December 22, People's Army Day

See also

References

  1. ^ Military.com (2021-03-31). "The Importance of Drill". Military.com. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
  2. ^ Paul Lockhart, The Drillmaster of Valley Forge: The Baron de Steuben and the Making of the American Army (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2008)
  3. ^ . Paris.com. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
  4. ^ . Paris Attractions. 2011-05-03. Archived from the original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
  5. ^ The Current Digest of the Soviet Press. Vol. 6. American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. 1954.
  6. ^ United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1959). Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts.
  7. ^ Daily Report: People's Republic of China. U.S. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1974.
  8. ^ Soviet Analyst. Vol. 13–14. 1984.
  9. ^ Veizi, Leonard (2019-01-13). "Photo: Here's how the military parades unfolded before 1990". Gazeta Dita (in Albanian). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  10. ^ Veizi, Leonard (2012-11-10). "70s-80s parades, tanks and rockets on the boulevard". Shekulli (in Albanian). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  11. ^ https://aaf.mil.al/index.php/arkivi/dhjetor-2007/1403-parade-ushtarake-madheshtore-me-rastin-e-95-vjetorit-te-krijimit-te-forcave-te-armatosura-shqiptare
  12. ^ "Desfile de 7 de Setembro é cancelado por causa de pandemia". Agência Brasil. August 7, 2020.
  13. ^ "Persiapan sambutan HK ke-38 dibincangkan » Media Permata Online". 21 February 2022.
  14. ^ "The Warriors' Day Parade - History Guide". Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  15. ^ Fuller (2004). National Days/National Ways: Historical, Political, and Religious Celebrations Around the World. ISBN 978-0-275-97270-7.
  16. ^ "The military parade for the 70th anniversary of the PRC: A revealing example of Chinese strategic power".
  17. ^ Martina, Michael; Blanchard, Ben (July 29, 2017). Coghill, Kim; Holmes, Sam (eds.). "China's Xi calls for building elite forces during massive military parade". Reuters.
  18. ^ "Massive parade tipped for PLA's 90th birthday". 15 March 2017.
  19. ^ "Superpower: China Claims This is Biggest Naval Parade in 600 Years". 16 April 2018.
  20. ^ "China Marks Tibetan Anniversary with Military Parade". 20 March 2019.
  21. ^ "习近平检阅驻港部队，受阅官兵为何喊"主席好"?|政解 - 国内 - 新京报网". www.bjnews.com.cn.
  22. ^ "Cuba marks the "victory of socialism"".
  23. ^ Cuba Annual Report: 1986. January 1988. ISBN 978-0-88738-191-1.
  24. ^ http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/minfar/granma.htm
  25. ^ "NOTICIAS - Prensa Latina". 19 April 2021.
  26. ^ "Hundreds of Soldiers Marched Through Prague, for the First Time Since 1985". Aktuálně (in Czech). 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  27. ^ "100th Anniversary of Czechoslovakia – Parade 2018 (28th October)". Czech Defence Journal.
  28. ^ "Prague Experienced a Military Parade After 23 Years". Lidovky.cz (in Czech). 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  29. ^ Adamičková, Naďa; Königová, Marie (2016-09-21). "A Spectacular Military Parade Should Roar Through Prague". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  30. ^ "Zwischen Politparade und Volksfest | MDR.DE". www.mdr.de. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  31. ^ "Die Reservisten und Ehemaligen der FlaRakGrp 38 & 14 - Hawkies". www.hawkies.de. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  32. ^ "NATO-Parade auf dem Nürburgring - Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek". www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  33. ^ "Republic Day 2020: Captain Tania Shergill To Become 1st Woman Parade Adjutant". Ndtv.com. 2019-02-22. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
  34. ^ "Who is Captain Tania Shergill". The Times of India. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
  35. ^ "North Korean military parades: 70 years of propaganda, intimidation and unity". Los Angeles Times. September 8, 2018. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  36. ^ "North Korean Military Parades". October 25, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  37. ^ "North Korea military parades through Pyongyang". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  38. ^ "Is North Korea Preparing for a Military Parade?". Beyond Parallel. April 10, 2019.
  39. ^ "Past goose-steppers proud of place in North Korean parades". Associated Press. Sep 6, 2018. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  40. ^ . Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  41. ^ "Rare Images of the People's Revolution". tolgoilogch.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  42. ^ Баярмаа, A (1908-10-04). "The History of the Military Ceremony". Zindaa.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  43. ^ Rossabi, Morris (2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi. Brill. p. 503. ISBN 978-90-04-28529-3. OCLC 915581801.
  44. ^ Sanders, Alan J K (2010). Historical Dictionary of Mongolia (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8108-7452-7. OCLC 939933261.
  45. ^ "Г.Махбариад: Цол өгөөд л байсан, би ч аваад л байсан. Цэргийнхний 16 жилд авдаг цолыг би таван жилд зүүсэн". www.n24.mn. 16 March 2020. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
  46. ^ "Polish Chronicle". KronikaRP (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  47. ^ "Knights (in Film Props) Participate in a Parade in Honor of the 1000th Anniversary of the Polish State". phistory.info (in Russian). 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  48. ^ "Unde a fost organizată ultima defilare de 23 august la care a participat Nicolae Ceaușescu. Chiar el proiectase clădirea". August 23, 2020.
  49. ^ "Parada de 1 Decembrie: Ce pregăteşte ministerul Apărării". ZF.ro.
  50. ^ "Ce facem de 1 Decembrie la Timisoara: mergem la parada militara, la Targul de Craciun si la concerte. Atentie, s-au schimbat orele evenimentelor fata de alti ani! Iata intreg programul de Ziua Nationala | OpiniaTimisoarei.ro". www.opiniatimisoarei.ro. 22 November 2019.
  51. ^ . 1tv.am (in Armenian). 2015-10-07. Archived from the original on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  52. ^ https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/092296ArmenianElections.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  53. ^ "Armenian Officials Tout Press Freedom But Bully the Press". Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  54. ^ "История парадов в Минске: даты и места проведения, необычные участники и введение минуты молчания". Столичное телевидение - СТВ (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-18.
  55. ^ Anna Shirokanova. (PDF). S2CID 145142567. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-08.
  56. ^ "Интернет портал СНГ. В странах Содружества Независимых Государств масштабно отметили 70-летие Великой Победы". old.e-cis.info. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  57. ^ "Oktoobriparaad Tallinnas (1954) - Eesti filmi andmebaas". www.efis.ee. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
  58. ^ "ქართული ჯარის დიდი დღე". On.ge. May 1, 2017. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  59. ^ "Georgia Celebrates Independence Day". Civil Georgia. 26 May 2002. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  60. ^ "Military Parade Marks Independence Day". Civil Georgia. 26 May 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  61. ^ "Saakashvili Attended Military Parade in Adjara". May 26, 2004. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  62. ^ "Парад впечатлил экспертов лишь российской техникой". rus.azattyq.org. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  63. ^ "Информационно-правовая система нормативных правовых актов Республики Казахстан". zakon.uchet.kz. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  64. ^ "НГ: Военные парады в Казахстане за 15 лет "подорожали" в одиннадцать раз". www.ng.kz. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  65. ^ Bedenko, Grigory (2018-05-07). "How was the Battle Parade 2018. Photoreport". Informburo.kz (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  66. ^ "Первая годовщина "тюльпановой революции" в Киргизии". amp.dw.com. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  67. ^ "Тюльпановая революция в Кыргызстане: год спустя". www.golos-ameriki.ru. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  68. ^ Kyrgyzstan: A-Bazarkorgon (in Kyrgyz). Mamlekettik til zhana entsiklopediia borboru. 2006. ISBN 978-9967-14-046-2.
  69. ^ "Kyrgyz Opposition, Military Vie For Venue". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  70. ^ "В столице Киргизии состоялся парад Победы".
  71. ^ "Foto: Militārās parādes Latvijā cauri laikiem". LA.LV. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  72. ^ Салджюнас, Вайдас. "В субботу в Вильнюсе состоится военный парад". DELFI. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  73. ^ LordBenas (2008-05-24), 1989 sovietinis paradas Gedimino prospektu., retrieved 2017-03-20[dead YouTube link]
  74. ^ "Revolution Day Parade turns violent in Vilnius" (PDF). The Ukrainian Weekly.
  75. ^ "Lithuania celebrating Armed Forces Day". DELFI. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  76. ^ https://kam.lt/lt/atkurtai_lietuvos_kariuomenei-100/karinis_paradas.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=3fc07dedb196d64d0fc22e75410b7549413e6ed8-1596131019-0-AapH6jTxMqgtGpdVrZ0nw4NU-WMa-1A-mfWMU4qQip4BNJ9rGwNYqOD6qcmoTWwsxQq8hqsVZWVHAfDjCfNV3ASSma_AzHMu4RL8K3v4xyh5Q9UOauLLHqKmyMZ3vmKl-zXSfwnF7MS5BIhKsI6gQrCAmOkKqA6iYLRMpFMZZdXI0jf0HiM8pG00UJxF-YcGGJmK8pv4SSXFKhIb6v712Ids_7oNVWeD70sf22MWc-jLPVqnGnsuTpgvbPl6mLfcJ7lpup4ldmZM3FD1F46VLNt9F2LXo8lPRna2jzV3x7wQzUfzNVM5Ev5_Kw4alTyncbNxLjRg6K1HGXmKCbSVQoIIHbPXblKrbmhspEu8_G-NE8EejE8UnFwf73-uj0OUkxFvhR-yEBnjozQVc_yKkYDXO5VyeTDZfwEHTliiJMqH
  77. ^ "Tokio parado dar nematėte: beveik 2 tūkst. karių, dešimtys karinės technikos vienetų". lrt.lt. Nov 23, 2018. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  78. ^ "Karinis paradas Vilniuje | Karštas Komentaras". Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  79. ^ Soviet Military Parade | Day of Tankmen, 8 September 1946, retrieved 2020-06-13
  80. ^ "Военный парад на Красной площади – особый символ России". tramuk.ru. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  81. ^ 7 November was a major holiday in the Soviet Union commemorating the October Revolution. In 1941, the troops that took part in the annual parade were sent from the Red Square directly to the front line which was situated less than a hundred kilometers from Moscow.
  82. ^ . calendr.net. 2018-01-25. Archived from the original on 2018-01-25. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  83. ^ Shermatov, Gafur (2016-10-18). "'We were greeted as relatives.' From the Red Army to the military base". Tajikistan News (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  84. ^ "70 лет вместе: 201-я РВБ празднует юбилей | Новости Таджикистана ASIA-Plus". asiaplustj.info. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  85. ^ "От Красной армии до российской военной базы в Таджикистане". stanradar.com. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  86. ^ "Everyone should watch presidential inauguration ceremony". www.asiaplustj.info. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  87. ^ "Turkmenistan to hold mass celebrations of Victory Day amid coronavirus". akipress.com. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  88. ^ "Turkmenistan to hold WWII military parade despite pandemic". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  89. ^ "President: The words "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the Heroes!" will be the official greetings of the Armed Forces of our state". President of Ukraine. Presidential Administration of Ukraine. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  90. ^ "Ющенко хочет ввести в Киев танки. Как Путин". www.zhitomir.info. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  91. ^ "Дмитро Хоркін | Українське радіо". ukr.radio. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  92. ^ "Кто озвучивал парад в Киеве?". kp.ua (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  93. ^ "Факты ICTV День независимости: Дмитрий Хоркин о многочисленных репетициях парадов и сценариях на все случаи | Факты". ФАКТИ. 2019-08-24. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  94. ^ "Диктор парада в Киеве: Из Крыма мне написали, что я приговорен". gordonua.com. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  95. ^ "Военный Парад В Честь 60-Летия Освобождения Харькова От Немецко-Фашистских Захватчиков Пройдет 23 Августа На Пл. Свободы". 7 July 2023.
  96. ^ Radulovic, Mladen (2014-10-10). "Force of the Yugoslav National Army: Belgrade Thundered in the Last Military Parade in 1985! (Video)". kurir.rs (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  97. ^ "Hrvatska parada i konfuzna poruka susjedima". Al Jazeera Balkans. Jul 16, 2015. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  98. ^ "Vojna parada pobunjenih Srba u Slunju lipnja 1995. godine". vojnapovijest.vecernji.hr. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  99. ^ "Spektakularna vojna parada: Zadnji u koloni prošli tenkovi" (in Croatian). 24sata. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  100. ^ Dnevnik - Mia Negovetić pjeva himnu, archived from the original on 2021-12-21, retrieved 2020-08-10
  101. ^ Gordanka Jureško: Komentar Jutarnjeg. Mimohod treba postati obveza za sve buduće generacije. Možda bi zakonom trebalo obvezati vlast da postane tradicija, Jutarnji list, objavljeno: 5. kolovoza 2015.
  102. ^ Igor Tabak: "Što zapamtiti od mimohoda u Zagrebu?", obris.org, 18. kolovoza 2015.
  103. ^ "Парада по повод Денот на АРМ и јубилејот "20 години АРМ"" (in Macedonian). 2012-08-18. Retrieved 2020-08-10.
  104. ^ "Putin guest of honour at Serbia military parade". BBC.
  105. ^ "75th Anniversary of the Liberation of Belgrade in World War II marked". Ministry of defence Republic of Serbia. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  106. ^ "Serbia's army and police prepare for Victory Day parade". N1 Srbija.
  107. ^ "Serbia Marks Victory Day with Grand Military Parade". May 10, 2019.
  108. ^ "Serbia marches between the East and the West". amp.dw.com.
  109. ^ . www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019.
  110. ^ "The Making of a Nation - Forging a Singapore Identity".
  111. ^ "1963 National Day Celebrations (Berita Singapura) - YouTube". YouTube.
  112. ^ "NDP 2019: 27,000 turn up at the Padang for Singapore's bicentennial birthday bash | the Straits Times". The Straits Times. 9 August 2019.
  113. ^ "Washington Loves a Parade | H-DC | H-Net". networks.h-net.org. Retrieved Aug 25, 2020.
  114. ^ "Trump's military parade is postponed until 2019". ABC News. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  115. ^ Sisk, Richard (June 20, 2019). "President Trump to Finally Get His Military Parade on July 4". Military.com.
  116. ^ "Analysts blast Trump's desired military parade as 'North Korea-style' event". NBC News. 7 February 2018.
  117. ^ Baker, Peter (June 5, 2019). "Trump Sets Off Fireworks of a Different Sort With Fourth of July Speech Plan". The New York Times.

July 14, 2023
military, parade, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting,. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Military parade news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message A military parade is a formation of soldiers whose movement is restricted by close order manoeuvering known as drilling or marching Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country Parade at the Victory Day in IstanbulUnited States Presidential Inaugural Parade held in Washington D C A marching contingent during the Republic Day Parade from India Gate in New DelhiSaint Cyr cadets at the Bastille Day military parade on the Champs Elysees4th Carabinieri Mounted Regiment at the military parade of Festa della Repubblica 2007 Contents 1 History 2 Rationale 3 Types of military parades 4 Current era 4 1 By country 4 1 1 Albania 4 1 2 Argentina 4 1 3 Australia and New Zealand 4 1 4 Bangladesh 4 1 5 Bolivia 4 1 6 Brazil 4 1 7 Brunei 4 1 8 Canada 4 1 9 Chile 4 1 10 China 4 1 10 1 People s Republic of China 4 1 10 2 Republic of China 4 1 11 Colombia 4 1 12 Cuba 4 1 13 Czech Republic 4 1 14 Ecuador 4 1 15 Finland 4 1 16 France 4 1 17 Germany 4 1 18 Greece 4 1 19 India 4 1 20 Korea 4 1 20 1 North Korea 4 1 20 2 South Korea 4 1 21 Mongolia 4 1 22 Paraguay 4 1 23 Peru 4 1 24 Philippines 4 1 25 Poland 4 1 26 Romania 4 1 27 Russia and ex Soviet countries 4 1 27 1 Armenia 4 1 27 2 Azerbaijan 4 1 27 3 Belarus 4 1 27 4 Estonia 4 1 27 5 Georgia 4 1 27 6 Kazakhstan 4 1 27 7 Kyrgyzstan 4 1 27 8 Latvia 4 1 27 9 Lithuania 4 1 27 10 Russia 4 1 27 11 Tajikistan 4 1 27 12 Turkmenistan 4 1 27 13 Ukraine 4 1 28 Serbia Former Yugoslavia 4 1 28 1 Croatia 4 1 28 2 North Macedonia 4 1 28 3 Serbia 4 1 29 Singapore 4 1 30 South Africa 4 1 31 Turkey 4 1 32 United Kingdom 4 1 33 United States 4 1 34 Venezuela 4 1 35 Vietnam 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory Edit A military parade in Cairo 1955 A military parade in Morocco 1960A military parade is a formation of soldiers whose movement is restricted by close order manoeuvering known as drilling or marching The terminology comes from the tradition of close order formation combat in which soldiers were held in very strict formations as to maximise their combat effectiveness Formation combat was used as an alternative to melee combat and required strict discipline in the ranks and competent officers Close order formation combat has been phased out by advances in military equipment and tactic and modern infantry now use skirmish formation and order However foot drill is an important part of military education and training to instill pride and discipline among personnel In ancient times drilling increased in importance when men stopped fighting as individuals and began to fight together as units Drilling as a vital component of a war machine further increased with the increases in the size of armies for example when Philip II of Macedon disciplined his army so they could swiftly form the phalanxes that were so critical to his successes as a general Military drilling later was used by the Roman Army to maximise efficiency and deadliness throughout their long history Modern armies use parades for ceremonial purposes encouragement and show of discipline and to instill confidence in the country s military forces 1 The U S drill is based on the contributions of Baron von Steuben a Prussian Army officer who served in the Continental Army 2 During the winter quarters in Valley Forge Pennsylvania von Steuben taught a model company of 100 soldiers musket drill These soldiers in turn taught the remainder of the Continental Army Parade during Defender of the Fatherland Day in Astana then Nur Sultan The oldest largest and most famous regular military parade in Europe is the Bastille Day Military Parade which is held each 14 July on the Champs Elysees in Paris during France s national day celebrations 3 4 Rationale Edit Queen s Birthday Parade Hamilton Bermuda 2000 A military drill is memorizing certain actions through repetition until the action is instinctive to the soldiers being drilled Complex actions are broken down into simpler ones which can be practiced in isolation so when the whole is put together the desired results are achieved Such is necessary for a fighting force to perform at maximum efficiency in all manner of situations However depending on the army and the drills it adopts drilling may destroy flexibility and initiative in exchange for predictability and cohesion Recruits in most modern militaries are taught drill to teach them how to work and move as a team In addition formations are still used in riot control where melee combat is still the norm Types of military parades EditFlypast Victory parade Naval parade Pass in reviewCurrent era Edit Cadets parade in Donetsk Ukraine Drill is today used to demonstrate discipline and cohesion in a modern military force Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world It usually held on occasions of national importance such as a country s independence day and therefore is presided over by the head of state who in most cases is the commander in chief of the combined national military forces of that country Today military parades include all aspects of military drill from an exhibition drill of precision drill teams and military bands in addition to the occasional corps of drums fanfare band pipe band and or drum and bugle corps as well as an exhibition of military weapons such as a mobile column the occasional mounted cavalry column led by a mounted band a naval parade and a fly past by the country s air force When on parade most of the participating soldiers wear their ceremonial uniforms and carry the standards colours of their respective battalions regiments corps academies In many countries the military contingent is joined by contingents from youth cadet organizations personnel from the police and fire services civil defense and emergency services and by occasion jail and border services youth police and fire cadets veterans and personnel of the civil service with occasional participation by civilian organizations educational institutions cultural groups and athletes By country Edit Albania Edit Albania has long been influenced by Greek and Italian influences and even Soviet Russian tradition During the era of the People s Socialist Republic of Albania Liberation Day which then the main national holiday was celebrated with a military parade of the Albanian People s Army on Tirana s Deshmoret e Kombit Boulevard These parades have been held in 1954 5 1959 6 1964 1974 7 1984 8 and 1989 They usually consist of veterans schoolchildren militiamen alongside regular force personnel 9 10 Today military parades of the Albanian Armed Forces are held on Albanian Flag Day and Constitution Day on 28 November One of the more notable modern military parades was held on the 100th Anniversary of the Independence of Albania in which a special unit of 65 soldiers from the Kosovo Security Force as well as other foreign contingents participated The other took place on 4 December 2007 in honor of the 95th anniversary of the Albanian Armed Forces 11 Argentina Edit Argentina s long history of military parades are a heritage inherited from the times of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata with influences from Germany France Britain and Italy Today the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic together with the paramilitary Argentine National Gendarmerie and Argentine Naval Prefecture hosts massive military parades featuring armed companies cadets and military bands on the following days national events unless otherwise noted January 24 anniversary of the beginning of the Crossing of the Andes local commemoration February 3 anniversary of the Battle of San Lorenzo local commemoration April 2 Malvinas War Veterans Day May 10 anniversary of Air Force baptism of fire in the Falklands War May 17 Navy Day anniversary of the victory at the Battle of Buceo May 25 First National Government Anniversary Day May 29 Army Day June 17 General Martin Miguel de Guemes Memorial Day local commemoration June 20 Flag Day June 30 Naval Prefecture Day July 9 Independence Day July 28 National Gendarmerie Day August 10 Air Force Day September 24 Battle of Tucuman Day local commemoration November 20 National Sovereignty DayAustralia and New Zealand Edit As both Commonwealth realms Australia and New Zealand share the customs and traditions of parades of the British Armed Forces The friendship and cooperation of the defence services of both countries can be seen in the annual Anzac Day parades every 25 April in memory of the namesake Australian and New Zealand Army Corps which was heavily involved in the long Battle of Gallipoli and were the first Allied forces to land there on that day in 1915 On this day in many major cities in these two countries parades are held involving personnel of both the Australian Defence Force and the New Zealand Defence Force veterans organizations cadet organizations and other youth uniformed groups and personnel of the police and fire services as well as students of schools and universities honoring many of their fallen alumni of the long campaign Parades are also held jointly in these two countries on 11 November Remembrance Day Aside from these two days the schedule of annual military and civil parades held in these two countries is as follows For parades in Australia National level parades are held on 26 January Australia Day The second Monday of June the King s Birthday marked in most of Eastern Australia South Australia and the Northern Territory typically the last Monday of September or the first Monday of October King s Birthday Holiday for Western Australia 1st Monday in October King s Birthday Holiday for Queensland Local parades involving armed forces police and fire personnel are held on 2nd Monday in March in the ACT Canberra Day 6 June in Queensland Queensland Day first Monday in June in Western Australia Western Australia Day first working day after Christmas Day Proclamation Day in South Australia Parades are also held in the following cases during change of command retirement and recruit and cadet passing out parades and regimental anniversaries within the service branches of the ADF and all military academies During holiday parades held in major cities as can be permitted by the commander of the unit taking part including the AFL Grand Final Parade in Melbourne For parades in New Zealand National level parades are held on 6 February Waitangi Day on the 1st Monday in June the King s Birthday Local parades involving armed forces police and fire personnel are held within the anniversary days of the former Provinces of New Zealand which were abolished in 1876 the days of which are as set by their respective district and city governments Change of command retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades together with regimental anniversary parades are also held occasionally within the service branches of the NZDF and its training institutions Bangladesh Edit The Bangladesh Armed Forces parade tradition was inherited from both the Pakistan and British Armed Forces as its first infantry unit the East Bengal Regiment was raised in then East Pakistan 1948 from Bengali servicemen who served in the former British Indian Army whose drills were similar to those in the rest of the Commonwealth Today the Armed Forces together with Border Guards Bangladesh the Bangladesh Police Bangladesh Jail Bangladesh Ansar Bangladesh Fire Service amp Civil Defence and the youth cadets under the Bangladesh National Cadet Corps marches on ceremonial parades held on the following occasions 26 March Independence Day 21 November Armed Forces Day 16 December Victory Day On the occasion of change of command and passing out parades in all academies cadet colleges and training institutions of the uniformed organizationsBolivia Edit Uniquely the parade tradition of the Bolivian Armed Forces is similar to those of Prussia and the German Empire but with the difference that the current march step is at slow time to enable a knee high goose step when on the march for most units others including recruit battalions and civilian students of the Military Engineering School march in quick time without the goosestep and following the Bundeswehr practice The Prussian tradition was introduced to the country in the early 1900s thanks to German and Chilean instructors and officers Today alongside the Bolivian National Police Corps the Armed Forces marches in public parades in the following holidays January 22 Plurinational State of Bolivia Anniversary January 29 La Paz Liberation Day March 23 Day of the Sea May 25 anniversary of the Chuquisaca Revolution July 17 anniversary of the La Paz revolution August 6 Independence Day August 7 Armed Forces Day September 14 anniversary of the Cochabamba Revolution of 1810 September 24 anniversary of the Santa Cruz revolution of 1810 October 12 Air Force Day November 6 Navy Day November 10 Army Day On the occasion of the inaugurations of the President of BoliviaBrazil Edit As a former Portuguese colonial possession till independence in 1822 Brazil has almost identical traditions of military parades with the Portuguese Armed Forces with added Spanish and Dutch elements due to the long history of the lands that would become the present day country with additional influences from France Germany and Italy For many years from the Imperial era till today Brazil has witnessed parade after parade held on major national and regional holidays a tradition maintained till today by the Brazilian Armed Forces Since the 1960s high stepping has been a prominent part of parades hosted by the armed forces a tradition carried over from Portugal Turkey and Uruguay Today major parades by the Armed Forces and its veterans are held on the following occasions Federal holidays and service holidays marked by the Armed Forces as well as anniversaries of service arms April 10 Corps of Engineers Day April 12 Army Logistics Support Day April 19 Army Day April 21 Tiradentes Day also Brasilia Foundation Day and Minas Gerais Day May 5 Signal Corps Day May 10 Cavalry Day May 24 Infantry Day June 10 Artillery Day June 11 Navy Day August 23 Air Force Logistics Day August 25 Day of the Brazilian Soldier August 28 Naval Aviation Day September 7 Independence Day 12 October 23 Aviators Day November 15 Day of the Proclamation of the Republic November 19 Flag Day December 13 Day of the Brazilian Sailor State and territorial holidays January 4 Rondonia Day March 6 anniversary of the beginning of the Pernambucan revolt March 25 Ceara Slavery Abolition Day April 23 Saint George s Day in Rio de Janeiro state only June 15 Acre State Anniversary Day July 2 Bahia Independence Day July 8 Sergipe Political Emancipation Day July 9 anniversary of the outbreak of the 1932 Sao Paulo Constitutionalist Revolution July 28 Maranhao Admission Day August 5 Paraiba Day August 7 Rio Grande de Norte Day August 11 Santa Catarina Day September 5 Amazonas State Anniversary Day September 13 Amapa Day September 16 Alagoas Day September 20 Day of the Gauchos of Rio Grande do Sul October 5 Roraima Day and Tocantis Day within the aforementioned states October 11 anniversary of the establishment of Mato Grosso do Sul October 19 Piaui State Anniversary October 23 Goias State Anniversary December 19 Parana State Anniversary During unitwide anniversaries and remembrance days of important battles of the Armed Forces During change of command retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces and all military academies and high schools During anniversaries and holidays marked by the cities and towns of Brazil On January 1 day of the presidential inauguration ceremony During inauguration ceremonies of state governors city and municipal chief executivesAlongside the armed forces the following uniformed organizations together with representatives from educational institutions and athletes also participate in every parade National Public Security Force Federal Police of Brazil Federal Highway Police Federal Railroad Police National Prison Department all state Military Police formations all state Military Firefighters Corps All state Civil Police formations All Municipal Guards formations of cities and towns State city and municipal civilian fire services and volunteer fire unitsBrunei Edit The Bruneian parade tradition shares in the general traditions of the Commonwealth and it is without any doubt that the British Armed Forces helped develop the parade and ceremonial traditions of the nation which are today held in high esteem by the country s uniformed organizations combined with later Malaysian influence Today the Royal Brunei Armed Forces and the Royal Brunei Police Force host public parades on the following dates 18 January Police Day 23 February National Day 13 31 May Armed Forces Day 15 July Birthday of HM the SultanExtraordinary parades are held on Accession Day 27 October Parades held on February 23 and July 15 also feature service personnel of British Forces Brunei including elements of the Brigade of Gurkhas and the following Brunei Fire and Rescue Department Brunei Prisons Department Brunei Immigration and Registration Department Royal Department of Customs and Excise Armed Forces Military Cadet Corps Police Force Cadet Corps Fire and Rescue Cadets Brunei Scout Association Girl Guides Association of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam Red Crescent Society National Service Programme cadetsCanada Edit Within Canada the now tri service Ceremonial Guard performs the marchpast for senior dignitaries of the Canadian Armed Forces during change of command ceremonies and state arrival ceremonies typically held in Ottawa the national capital The two Primary Reserve Canadian Army regiments that typically provide personnel for the guard the Governor General s Foot Guards and The Canadian Grenadier Guards together with the Governor General s Horse Guards and guard of honour detachments from both the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force take part in these events In addition the CG and optionally both the GGHG and the CGG take part in military parades such as the more common Trooping the Colour also in Ottawa and special parades during the jubilee years of the monarch or of a national foundation The CAF personnel as well as the Canadian Cadet Organizations and military veterans also parade during national holidays such as Remembrance Day Victoria Day Canada Day or Canadian Forces Day as well as during parades celebrating anniversaries of regiments brigade groups or wings and divisional level formations and passing out parades of the Royal Military College of Canada Royal Military College Saint Jean and recruit training bases as well as in local holidays in the provinces and major cities Across the country the annual Warriors Day military parade has since 1921 been a traditional event of the Canadian National Exhibition It is specifically devoted to formally recognizing veterans of the CF 14 Like in the UK the regimental march of the unit being honored is played by the band and or pipe band if present Chile Edit The tradition of military parades in Chile has origins not just in Spanish tradition but also a mix between those of France the United Kingdom and particularly Germany given the fact that Imperial German Army officers trained the army and navy in the mid 1890s in the Prussian German traditions of military parades that are continued until today Currently the Chilean Armed Forces and the Carabineros de Chile hold public parades in front of state leaders and the public on 21 May Navy Day honoring the fallen of the 1879 Battle of Iquique also marked as a day to celebrate the service personnel veterans heroes and martyrs of the Chilean Navy 19 September Army Day while honoring the 1810 anniversary of the formal inauguration of the First Government Junta is also marked as a day to celebrate the service personnel veterans heroes and martyrs of the Chilean ArmyLocal level parades are marked on the following days aside from 21 May 4 February anniversary of the victorious Capture of Valdivia 17 February anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Chacabuco 21 March Air Force Day 2 April anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Maipu 27 April Carabineros Day 7 June anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Arica 16 June Chilean Marine Corps Day 9 July Flag Day 20 August birthday of Bernardo O Higgins 18 September Independence Day 2 October anniversary of the Battle of Rancagua 2 November anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Pisagua 30 November Chilean Gendarmerie DayChina Edit The first military parade on the Chinese mainland can be dated to over 4 000 years ago when Yu the Great a legendary ruler in ancient China hosted a gathering of tribal forces from northern and southern China 15 People s Republic of China Edit See also Military parades in Hong Kong External video Parts 1 2 3 and 4 of a documentary on the history of Chinese military parades 1981 新疆 大阅兵 Chinese Uighur Military Parade in Xinjiang Eng narration The People s Republic of China holds extraordinary military parades in Beijing to celebrate National Day The first parade of this nature took place right after the Proclamation of the People s Republic of China by Chairman Mao Zedong on 1 October 1949 Originally celebrated annually the parade was suspended in 1960 before returning in 1984 to mark the 35th anniversary of the founding of the People s Republic of China It is now held to mark every tenth anniversary starting in 1999 Parades were also held in 1964 1966 1969 and 1970 16 In 2015 China held a military parade to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Victory over Japan This was the first time China held a military parade for an event other than its National Day It is currently unknown if China will continue to celebrate the end of World War II through In 2017 the 90th anniversary since the Nanchang Uprising and the beginning of the People s Liberation Army was marked by a military parade the first time ever that a military parade had been held in its honor and the first time it was held outside of the capital having been held at Zhurihe Training Base in Inner Mongolia under the direction of General Han Weiguo of the Central Theater Command 17 This was also the first field parade to take place since September 1981 when a parade consisting of troops participated in an exercise in Zhangjiakou in the presence of Deng Xiaoping to commemorate Deng s assumption to the post of Chairman of the Central Military Commission During that parade Deng reportedly said Let s hold a large scale one if we are to hold a military exercise so that it can be of use in reference to the size of the parade 18 Naval parades have also been reintroduced in recent years with a parade which was the biggest naval review since 1949 and according to the Chinese government the biggest in 600 years 19 being held in the South China Sea in 2018 and a parade for the platinum jubilee of the People s Liberation Army Navy being held in early 2019 Smaller scale parades are also periodically held in Hong Kong Macau Tibet and Xinjiang Every year on 10 March Tibetan Uprising Day a military parade in Lhasa to mark the anniversary of the 1959 Tibetan rebellion 20 The first military parades in the HKSAR and the MSAR took place on their first and fifth anniversaries in 1998 21 and 2004 respectively Republic of China Edit However in the Republic of China Taiwan the Republic of China Armed Forces held its national parades in Taipei from 1949 until 1991 during the Double Ten Day celebrations This practice was abandoned in 1991 though parades were recently held every five years beginning in 2011 during the Xinhai Revolution centenary and again in 2016 Special parades were held outside Taipei in 1995 and 2015 marking the 50th and 70th anniversaries respectively of both the Allied victory in the Second World War and the conclusion of the Second Sino Japanese War Here is the List of Republic of China military parade Colombia Edit Both the Military Forces of Colombia and the National Police of Colombia hold important national parades to celebrate the anniversary of national independence as well as of the Armed Forces Such parades are a mix of the Spanish German French American and British influences owing to the long history of the country s military and police forces National level parades are held on February 15 Air Force Day July 20 Independence Day July 24 Navy Day August 7 Army Day and Battle of Boyaca Victory Day November 15 National Police DayLocal level parades by the personnel and veterans of the armed forces and police are held on the following April 7 Barranquilla Day July 3 Cali Independence Day November 11 Cartagena Independence DayCuba Edit The Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces generally holds military parades in honor of the Day of the Cuban Armed Forces and the Triumph of the Revolution on Havana s Plaza de la Revolucion The first parade took place in 1960 for the latter event and over time importance was transferred to Armed Forces Day in relation to military parades In 2011 a special honor parade was held on April 16 to commemorate the golden jubilee since the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion 22 The largest parade to be held took place in December 1986 in honor of the 30th anniversary of the revolution in which General Humberto Ortega from Nicaragua as well as officials from the Soviet Union attended 23 The diamond jubilee parade planned for 2016 was postponed for 1 month due to the death and state funeral of Fidel Castro and took place during the Victory Day celebrations on 2 January 2017 24 25 Czech Republic Edit A parade of tanks of the CSLA in Prague on Victory Day 9 May 1985 External video Czechoslovak Military Parade Shield 84 Vojenska prehlidka CSLA Stit 84Large military parades in the Czech Republic are today held every 10 years in the capital of Prague encompassing personnel from the Czech Army and the Police of the Czech Republic The first of these parades occurred in 2008 in honor of the founding of Czechoslovakia on 28 October 1918 26 Another one took place in 2018 and included foreign troops 27 Prior to 1918 military parades followed the tradition of their larger sovereign entity including the military tradition of Austria Hungary Regular military parades were held during the period of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic with the first parades being organized in the 1950s The first parade of the Czechoslovak People s Army CSLA took place in 1951 in Letna Since then parades were held every five years on 9 May to mark the end of World War II and the Liberation of Czechoslovakia To honor the latter s celebrations the State Anthem of the Soviet Union would be performed by the massed bands on parade preceded by the Czechoslovakian national anthem The last of these parades took place in 1985 28 29 Ecuador Edit Both the Armed Forces of Ecuador and the National Police of Ecuador hold important national parades to celebrate the anniversaries of national independence as well as of the Armed Forces and Police National level parades are held on the following days February 27 Army Day May 24 Armed Forces Day the anniversary of the victory in the 1822 Battle of Pichincha July 26 Navy Day August 10 the anniversary of the Luz de America October 9 Guayaquil Independence Day October 27 Air Force Day November 3 Cueca Independence Day November 18 Loja Independence DayLocal military and police parades are held on a major city and provincial anniversaries Finland Edit The Nyland Brigade Finnish Uudenmaan prikaati at the 2014 Festival Parade of the Finnish Defense Forces on the Valtakatu street in Lappeenranta FinlandThe parade traditions of Finland can be traced to the Swedish period and later on during Russian administration wherein the local formations adopted a few of the Russian parade traditions in tandem with the Swedish tradition and local practices Today both the Finnish Defence Forces together with its reserves the Territorial Forces companies of Finnish regions the National Defence Training Association of Finland the Finnish Border Guard and some of the Police of Finland all host parades held every year on the following dates June 4 Defence Forces Flag Day and birthday of Marshal of Finland Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim December 6 Independence DayThe national parades are held in a host city selected for the year and may include local military and police formations Helsinki hosts the June 4 flag day parade every fifth year 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 2022 2027 and so on On the day of swearing their military oath Finnish conscripts typically march in a small parade within their garrison or other parade ground France Edit The annual military parade in the French capital of Paris is held on July 14 during the Bastille Day holiday It is currently the oldest and largest military parade on the European continent It is held on the Champs Elysees and passes from l Arc de Triomphe to Place de la Concorde Bastille Day parades are also held in smaller garrison towns such as Toulon and Belfort The 1st Infantry Regiment of the French Republican Guard regularly performs ceremonial marchpasts in is role as the guard of honour for the President of the French Republic Like the British many French units have the ability to march in quick time while only one the French Foreign Legion marches uniquely in slow time while another unit of the armed forces marches in very quick time and that is of the Army s Chasseurs especially its Chasseurs alpins In addition to the Armed Forces including the National Guard and the occasional participation of its veterans the following take part in the national parade National Police Fire services of the Ministry of the Interior Security Service of the Ministry of the Interior French Prisons Service Directorate General of Customs and Indirect TaxesLocal parades are held on the following days May 8 Victory in Europe Day November 11 Armistice Day Anniversaries of important battles fought by the French Armed ForcesGermany Edit Germany has had a long tradition of military parades dating back to the days of Kingdom of Prussia and its army and navy It was the Prussians who invented the goose step a style of marching that was used in many German armies as well as in the militaries of various countries which were instructed by Prussian military training officers and instructors from the 19th century to the early 20th Its traditions were also carried on in a number of former crown dominions in Prussian lands including Hanover and the Rhineland as well as in the allied Kingdom of Wurttemberg and the Kingdom of Saxony the grand duchies duchies and principalities and the city state military forces of Bremen and Hamburg In Bavaria a mix of the Prussian and Austrian practice in tandem with its local traditions was kept During the Nazi era military parades were commonplace as they were held as a sort of victory parade for the German Wehrmacht as they invaded countries before and during the Second World War as well as an expression of national pride in the armed forces who together with the SS and the SA as well as the other Nazi party uniformed organizations formed part of the parades in the mid 1930s The first major parades took place in Nuremberg in September 1938 and Adolf Hitler s 50th birthday in April 1939 In the months Immediately after the German invasion of Poland a joint German Soviet military parade took place in Brest Litovsk now Brest Belarus In Allied occupied Germany the major powers held parades through the center of Berlin to honor their victory These include the Berlin Victory Parade of 1945 1945 British Berlin Victory Parade and Berlin Victory Parade of 1946 In the communist German Democratic Republic GDR parades were held according to the Russian standard although the Soviet Army allowed the East Germans thru the National People s Army and the Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic to use the Prussian tradition something that had been dropped by their West German counterparts in the 50s In the GDR parades were held on the following occasions NVA Day 3 March International Workers Day 1 May Tag der Befreiung 8 May Tag der Republik 7 October The first parade took place on 1 May 1956 in the presence of President Wilhelm Pieck 30 In the 60s and early 70s parades took place on the western half of the Palace of the Republic which was intended as a military parade ground even though tremors from the heavy vehicles proved dangerous due to the glass facade By 1979 the western half was used mainly as a parking lot and military parades were moved to Karl Marx Allee in central Berlin A special parade was held on 13 August 1986 to mark the silver jubilee since construction on the Berlin Wall began and the parade involved not just the NVA and the Grenztruppen but also the Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment and battalions of the Combat Groups of the Working Class Bundeswehr personnel on the Nurburgring In 1969 the first military parade of West Germany and later the entire Federal Republic of Germany was held on the Nurburgring in the town of Nurburg Rhineland Palatinate 31 It took place on 6 June 1969 and was held to commemorate the 20th anniversary of both the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO and creation of the Federal Republic in the West 32 It was attended by Kurt Georg Kiesinger in his position as Federal Chancellor of Germany Participating foreign and national units included those from the Bundeswehr Canadian Forces Europe United States Army Europe as well as army contingents from France and the United Kingdom Allied parades were also held later in the country s 40 year existence Today military parades are held on the following holidays on a smaller scale Remembrance Day of July 20 German Unity Day October 3 Passing out parades of NCO training schools and officer training institutionsGreece Edit 25th March military parade in GreeceThe long history of the Hellenic Armed Forces and the role played in the defense and progress of the country are recalled in splendid and grand military parades that are held in major cities in the country following a hybrid of the British French Danish and German traditions on the following dates 25 March Independence Day 28 October Ohi Day On Liberation Days of major cities and towns honoring the Greek fallen of the Second World War and the later Greek Civil WarIndia Edit A spectacular overview of the 55th Republic Day Parade from India Gate in New DelhiThe tradition of military parades in India dates back to the medieval times as celebrations to honor Hindu gods in gratitude to victories against enemies By the time of the Mughal Empire with the introduction of gunpower weapons came the first European settlers the Portuguese in what is now Daman and Diu and Goa states and the Portuguese Army who introduced the modern form of parades to this country These followed by servicemen from what is now The Netherlands Ancien Regime France and the United Kingdom thru the East India Company from the 17th century and beginning from the 19th century the British Army Royal Marines and the Royal Navy Between these four countries it was the UK that influenced the Indian military ceremonial tradition the most as Hindu Sikh Tamil and Gurkha regiments as well as a number of regiments from other races whether be infantry cavalry artillery or engineers alongside locally recruited seamen were instructed in the British parade drill with adaptations to Indian conditions They maintain the very same traditions today in the current Indian Armed Forces and the current drills are a modernized form of those used beginning in 1895 the year of the foundation of the modern Indian Army with parades having been held during the Delhi Durbars of 1903 and 1911 as well as during the King s Official Birthday in June Since 1951 the Republic Day Parade has held annually in Delhi to mark India s Republic Day celebrating the enactment in that day in 1950 of the Constitution of India It is the country s principal military parade honoring the Armed Forces for its long record of service to the country and is also a showcase of the achievements of India s defence industry with a number of vehicles and aircraft featured being locally produced by factories under the Ministry of Defence and by local defense production firms Parades are also held on the service holidays of the Armed Forces 15 January Army Day 8 October Air Force Day 4 December Navy DayIn 2020 Captain Tania Shergill became the first female Parade Adjutant to lead a contingent at an Army Day parade 33 34 Alongside the Armed Forces and its veterans the national Republic Day Parade in Delhi as well as regional parades held on this day and on 15 August Independence Day features the participation of the following uniformed organizations National Cadet Corps Youth representatives of the National Service Scheme Indian Coast Guard Assam Rifles all state and territorial police forces including State Armed Police Border Security Force Indo Tibetan Border Police Sashastra Seema Bal National Security Guard Central Industrial Security Force Central Reserve Police Force Railway Protection Force all municipal city state and territorial fire servicesSpecial parades are held on The passing out and graduation ceremonies of all military and police training and educational institutions Passing out and graduation parades of regimental centres Presentation of military and police colours Unit anniversariesKorea Edit North Korea Edit Main article Military parades in North Korea All military parades of the Korean People s Army KPA and the Worker Peasant Red Guards WPRG are centered in the national capital of Pyongyang and have a long tradition that goes back to the DPRK s establishment in 1948 Between 1993 and 2011 the DPRK held over a dozen military parades which was frequent compared to the 1960s 80s during which only three parades were held 35 Known for its elaborate military drill the country holds military parades annually on different dates especially on jubilee years 36 which feature a combination of Chinese and Russian techniques 37 North Korean military parades are held on the following dates 8 February Military Foundation Day 15 April Day of the Sun 25 April Revolutionary Army Day 27 July Day of Victory in the Great Fatherland Liberation War 15 August Liberation Day 9 September Day of the Foundation of the Republic 10 October Party Foundation Day source source source source source source source source source source Drill rehearsals for female soldiers participating in the 2011 Republic Day Parade Rehearsals for these parades usually take place 3 6 weeks prior to the actual parade at the Mirim Parade Training Facility in the capital 38 39 The actual parades are held in the capital s Kim Il sung Square In addition non jubilee holiday parades have been mounted on the grounds of the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun on these days plus on 16 February Day of the Shining Star 25 August Day of Songun 21 December Death Anniversary of Kim Jong ilAlongside the KPA and WPRG also taking part are the policemen and women of the Ministry of Social Security s Korean People s Internal Security Forces which also includes border police In 2015 the Korean Children s Union made an inaugural appearance in the parade celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Workers Party of Korea forming the rear contingent of the military parade ground column made up of middle and junior high school students who are part of the KCU s Young Pioneer Corps The first ever modern KCU parade including cadets from the Mangyongdae and Kang Pang Sok Revolutionary Schools was held in Kim Il sung Stadium in 2012 South Korea Edit The tradition of parades in South Korea began in 1946 with the first ever parades of what is now the Republic of Korea Armed Forces alongside personnel of the United States Forces Korea whose traditions would shape the young armed forces parade and ceremonial practices till this day mixed with the Japanese practice due to the long period of Japanese rule over the peninsula Today that tradition is mixed with those of the other armed services under United Nations Command that fought with them against the KPA the People s Volunteer Army and the Soviet Air Forces during the Korean War The parade tradition is also coupled as a showcase for the national defense industry as well with many of the military equipment being featured being of national manufacture and locally composed military marches being featured in the repertoire of the military bands that are a staple of these events As of the present the ROKAF marches in public parades in the following occasions March 1 Day of the Independence Movement April 13 Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea Foundation Day April 15 Republic of Korea Marine Corps Birthday June 6 Memorial Day June 25 anniversary of the beginning of the Korean War July 27 anniversary of the Korean War Armstice of 1953 August 15 National Liberation Day of Korea September 5 Republic of Korea Army Day October 1 Armed Forces Day principal holiday of the Armed Forces and Air Force Day October 3 Gaecheonjeol November 11 Republic of Korea Navy Day On the occasion of change of command retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces military academies all officer candidate schools and recruit training institutions On the occasion of the inaugurations of the President of South KoreaThe October 1 parade and related celebrations while being not a public holiday but a National Flag Raising Day mandated by law serve as the principal day of gratitude to the ROKAF and its veterans for service to the nation at large and to all Koreans abroad and thus the ROKAF only marches in public parades on this day with Seoul the national capital hosting the national parades large major parades on this day are held every 5th year since the 1948 foundation of the republic a tradition that began in 1998 On other holidays the following organizations march with the armed forces all cadet formations under the Reserve Officers Training Corps South Korea and the Republic of Korea Reserve Forces National Police Agency Korea Coast Guard National Fire Agency of the Republic of Korea All local and regional firefighting services Korea Forest Service Korea Customs Service Railway Police of the Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport Korea Immigration Service Korea Scout Association Girl Scouts Korea Foreign armed forces veterans organizations stationed within the republicMongolia Edit Military parades in Mongolia have a long tradition that dates back to the era of the Mongol Empire Today they closely follow the Russian model with some modifications such as trooping of the Flag of Mongolia in a car rather than by foot A Dangjiren is based on a cavalry military parade of the Mongols that were held in the 17th century 40 The first official military parade in Communist Mongolia took place in 1921 in honor of the victories of Damdin Sukhbaatar in the People s Revolution The anniversary parades that followed have been held on jubilee years specifically in 1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 and 1991 41 After 1991 the practice was abandoned with the exception of 1996 when a parade in the National Sports Stadium commemorated the 790th anniversary of the founding of Mongolia and the 75th anniversary of the People s Revolution After a 9 year break the 2005 inauguration ceremony of Nambaryn Enkhbayar served as an event to hold a military parade on the central square This took place again in 2009 for the inauguration of Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj That same year State Flag Day was introduced as a national holiday which would also be celebrated with a parade 42 Military parades of the Mongolian Armed Forces on Sukhbaatar Square or in Choibalsan take place on the following occasions 43 18 March Soldiers Day 10 July Mongolian State Flag Day 1 September Anniversary of the Battle of Khalkin Gol Inauguration of the President of Mongolia Graduations of the National Defense UniversityExternal video The 70th anniversary parade of the People s Revolution of 1921 Mongolian Military Parade 2011During Mongolia s socialist period annual civil military parades of the Mongolian People s Army took place until 1991 44 celebrating the following occasions 45 1 May International Workers Day 11 July Day of the People s Revolution of 1921 7 November October Revolution DayDuring these events party and government leaders were viewed ascending to the top of Sukhbaatar s Mausoleum to take the salute Alongside the Armed Forces today s parades also involve personnel of the National Police Agency the Internal Troops of Mongolia the General Authority for Border Protection and the National Emergency Management Agency Paraguay Edit It was the armed services of Brazil Argentina and Uruguay that helped develop the traditions of military parades in Paraguay following the devastating Paraguayan War resulting in the introduction of certain traditions beginning in the early 20th century which would later be infused with German Italian and French influence Before that war however they were quite few parades with primarily Spanish influences The first major parade ever to be held in the 20th century in this country was on August 22 1935 celebrating the victory won in the Chaco War against the Bolivian Armed Forces In the 1940s and 50s German goose stepping had been adopted in a limited scale thanks to Chilean instructors in the Francisco Lopez Military Academy the Acosta Nu Military High School and the National Police Academy Today the Armed Forces of Paraguay stages massive military parades in Asuncion the national capital together with the police on the following days May 14 Independence Day June 12 Chaco War Victory Day July 24 Army Day September 12 Navy Day September 22 Victory Day in the Battle of Curupayty September 29 Victory Day in the Battle of Boqueron November 6 Air Force DayIn addition a local parade is held every August 15 in honor of the anniversary of the foundation of the city of Asuncion and the Catholic Feast of the Assumption of Mary Almost all parades are televised nationally Peru Edit The Peruvian Armed Forces and the National Police of Peru holds the yearly Great Military Parade of Peru every July 29 in Lima as the armed services way of honoring the anniversary of national independence and the role they have played in shaping the history of the country Together with these two services the Peruvian Volunteer Firefighters Corps and Peruvian National Penitentiary Institute also take part as well Local level Independence Day parades are held on pre determined days before July 28 and 29 as set by their respective local governments Parades held by service personnel and veterans of the armed forces are also marked on June 7 Flag Day and Battle of Arica Memorial Day June 26 Air Force Day September 24 Armed Forces Day October 8 Navy Day December 9 Army Day and the anniversary of the Battle of AyacuchoPhilippines Edit The tradition of military parades in the Philippines traces its origins to the military parades held since the late 1700s in honor of the inaugurations of the Governors General of the Philippines with troops provided by formations of the Spanish Army Spanish Navy and the Spanish Marine Infantry manned by personnel from Spain and her other colonies and locally recruited personnel Parades were also held on the anniversaries of members of the Spanish royal family and important anniversaries It was these parades that would model the revolutionary armed forces of the young country made up of the young Philippine Revolutionary Army and local pro independence militias as it performed the first ever military parade on January 23 1899 the day of the formal establishment of the First Philippine Republic in what is now the city of Malolos in Bulacan Today s military parade tradition are also combined with the latter influences of the United States Armed Forces the Philippine Constabulary and the locally raised Philippine Scouts which held parades together with the collegiate formations of the Reserve Officers Training Corps raised 1912 and later on with Japanese influences during the brief Japanese occupation during the Second World War where parades were held by servicemen of both the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy which high stepped before dignitaries During the inauguration of the Second Republic on October 14 1943 Japanese sponsored military formations marched past in what is now Manila s National Museum Building On July 4 1946 the day national independence was restored as a result of the promulgation of the Treaty of Manila the first modern military parade was held involving both US and Philippine units in historic Rizal Park in Manila and from then on military parades of the Armed Forces of the Philippines composed of active and reserve servicemen and women and its veterans the Philippine National Police successor to the traditions and history of both the Constabulary and the Integrated National Police established 1975 and the paramilitary Philippine Coast Guard under the Department of Transportation established in its modern form in 1967 with roots dating back to 1901 and has been a separate organization since 1998 alongside the college and university ROTC units and other components of the National Service Training Program and the secondary school cadets in Citizen s Army Training CAT units from both public and private institutions are a part of national life and a big staple during major national holidays These events are expressions of national pride and gratitude for services for the country by servicemen and women of these organizations and a demonstration of their importance to national defense and security On July 7 1974 the Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas opened its doors with a grand civil military parade entitled Kasaysayan ng Lahi History of the Race in time for Miss Universe 1974 which also featured formations in historical uniforms from the pre Spanish era up to the Second World War as well as living veterans of the latter conflict Until 1962 parades were held on July 4 the former date of Independence Day and the last Rizal Day parade in honor of the presidential inauguration was held in 1969 Today military parades in the Philippines which are sometimes also televised events are held on a number of days local commemorations indicated in parenthesis January 23 First Republic Day local commemoration January 29 National Police Day March 23 Army Day April 9 Day of Valor May 20 Navy Day May 28 Flag Day June 12 Independence Day July 1 Air Force Day August 18 Police Service Day October 17 Coast Guard Day December 21 Armed Forces Day On anniversaries of important battles fought by the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the following days February 9 Mandaluyong Liberation and Cityhood Day local commemoration March 3 Victory Day in the Battle of Manila local commemoration March 18 Panay Liberation Day local commemoration March 26 Talisay Landing Day local commemoration August 30 Battle of Pinaglabanan Day local commemoration September 2 Victory over Japan Day local commemoration September 12 Battle of Pulang Lupa Day local commemoration October 20 Leyte Landing Day local commemoration November 5 Al Cinco de Noviembre local commemoration During a change of command retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces the Philippine Military Academy and all officer candidate schools During holidays and festivals marked by each of the provinces cities and towns On June 30 the date of the Philippine presidential inauguration During inauguration ceremonies of provincial governors and city and municipal chief executivesParades in Metro Manila are held principally in the parade grounds of Camp Aguinaldo in Quezon City and Quirino Grandstand in Manila with the Philippine Army headquarters in Taguig and Villamor Air Base in Pasay as secondary venues Parades are also held in the grounds of Clark Air Base in Pampanga Regionally the Bicol Region Military Parade held every second Friday of September in Naga Camarines Sur with over 19 000 youth cadets and athletes from high schools and universities together with the Armed Forces National Police and the Bureau of Fire Protection all taking part is the country s biggest parade held in honor of the festivities of Our Lady of Penafrancia and is also the longest and with such big numbers of people marching this civil military parade is one of the largest ever to be annually held in Southeast Asia Parades are also held in major cities in the regions during national and regional holidays Alongside the AFP PNP and PCG all ROTC units and CAT units in secondary schools with occasional participation of athletes also taking part in these parade are Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Bureau of Fire Protection Boy Scouts of the Philippines Girl Scouts of the Philippines Military veterans Law enforcement and emergency veteransPoland Edit A Polish Air Force ceremonial guard during the Armed Forces Day parade The Polish Armed Forces and the Police of Poland holds two yearly military parades Polish Defilada wojskowa in the capital of Warsaw The Armed Forces Day parade through Ujazdow Avenue and the National Independence Day parade near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on Pilsudski Square Both of these parades include NATO personnel stationed near or inside the country The Armed Forces Day Parade was introduced in 2007 and 2008 as first grand military parades since the holiday was reinstated and have been held yearly since 2013 The first Polish military parade took place on 17 January 1945 Prior to 1989 parades were held in front of the Palace of Culture and Science on Parade Square on 22 July commemorate the National Day of the Rebirth of Poland celebrations honoring the anniversary of the signing of the Stalin sponsored PKWN Manifesto Back then the People s Republic of Poland used many Russian traditions in regard to military parades especially the inspection by the Minister of Defence In 1966 during the millennium celebrations of the Christianization of Poland a parade was held on 22 July which included cadets of military academies and personnel of Polish ceremonial units dressed in historical military uniforms dating back to the Piast dynasty 46 47 A special parade was held on 9 May 1985 to honor the 40th anniversary of the Victory in Europe and the servicemen of the Polish Armed Forces in the West and the East In 2019 a 3rd was added when the yearly 3 May Constitution Day parades last held in 1939 and were held off and on since 1990 were officially reinstated Parades are held by these two organizations in major cities and provincial capitals Alongside these two organizations and their veterans the following also take part Border Guards Prisons Service State Fire Service Customs Service of the National Revenue Administration Polish Scouting and Guiding Association Marshal s Guard of the Sejm in Warsaw only Romania Edit The Romanian tradition of military parades Parada militara Defilada militara dates back to the days as a kingdom based on the traditions of Russia Germany and Greece and later on Hungary beginning in 1918 following the accession into the country of Transylvania The traditions took a new form during the days as a socialist republic from 1947 to 1989 with additional Soviet influences with August 23 Liberation from Fascist Occupation Day and also currently Black Ribbon Day being the day of the principal parade held in Bucharest involving the Romanian People s Army celebrating the 1944 King Michael s Coup which ended years of fascist administration in Romania one of the direct consequences of the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in 1940 While the first parade was held in 1945 the first anniversary of the coup and as a celebration of the Allied victory in the Second World War in Europe the final parade was held in 1989 the coup s sapphire jubillee year anniversary 48 Most often the parades were held on Bucharest s Charles de Gaulle Square and today s military parades with occasional participation of armed forces from NATO countries are held in either Constitution Square in the capital or at the Șoseaua Kiseleff near the Arch of Triumph 49 Today the Romanian Armed Forces holds military parades on the following holidays 1st Sunday of April NATO Day movable date April 23 Land Forces Day May 9 Independence and Victory Day and Europe Day May 10 King s Day July 20 Air Force Day August 15 Navy Day October 25 Armed Forces Day and King Michael I s Birthday November 3 Day of the Vanători de munte December 1 Great Union Day On the occasion of passing out parades of military academies and NCO schoolsParades are also held by the Armed Forces in a number of major cities 50 Together with the Armed Forces marching on these parades are the following Romanian Gendarmenie Romanian Police Romanian Border Police All city and county police forces Romanian Intelligence Service Serviciul de Telecomunicații Speciale General Inspectorate of Aviation Protection and Guard Service Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations National Agency for Fiscal AdministrationRussia and ex Soviet countries Edit The N G Kuznetsov Naval Academy led by Captain Anatoliy Karpenko during a parade on Leningrad s Palace Square in 1983 The Western tradition of military parades in the Russian Empire was part of the many reforms made by Peter the Great as part of his many efforts to transform the army and the navy from traditional militias to a full blown professional armed service that is a model for the people in discipline and obedience courage bravery loyalty to the country and in bringing pride and glory to her people During the Imperial period national parades were alternated between Moscow and Saint Petersburg on major national civil and military holidays anniversaries of the Romanov Dynasty and as part of the imperial coronation celebrations celebrations and parades were also held in many major cities and provincial capitals So important was the value of these parades that even the Soviet Armed Forces made these parades a common tradition beginning in August 1918 when the first modern parade was held in Moscow s Red Square when Moscow area Vsevobuch detachments march past earlier than May a military parade the first by the nascent Red Army was held outside the capital Since that year many innovations have been seen in the practice of annual parades held not just there but in the capital cities of the former Soviet Union as well as in major cities in the wide country which were held on 1 May 1918 1941 and 1945 1968 7 November 1920 1941 and 1945 1990 and 9 May 1945 1965 1985 and 1990 The following areas in the union republics were where common parades were held in 1990 Ukrainian SSR Khreshchatyk Kyiv Byelorussian SSR Lenin Square Minsk Uzbek SSR Lenin Square Tashkent Kazakh SSR Brezhnev Square Almaty Georgian SSR Rustaveli Avenue Tbilisi Azerbaijan SSR Lenin Square Baku Lithuanian SSR Gediminas Avenue Vilnius Moldavian SSR Victory Square Kishinev Latvian SSR 11 November Embankment Riga Kirghiz SSR Lenin Square Frunze Tajik SSR Lenin Square Dushanbe Armenian SSR Lenin Square Yerevan Turkmen SSR Makhtumkuli Avenue Ashgabat Estonian SSR Victory Square TallinnToday the Russian Armed Forces and by extension countries of the former Soviet Union host a variety of military parades held on important national holidays honoring the men and women of their armed forces and military veterans The celebrations in each of these countries carry on years of tradition honor discipline and prestige by the millions of men and women who serve and have served in the ranks of the armed forces of their respective home countries These parades have extensive government funding and aside from the iconic wide march past columns and occasional historical formations typically include a mobile column and occasionally a naval fleet review and or air force fly past segment a legacy of the Soviet era Alongside the armed forces and occasionally youth cadets of military high schools law enforcement and emergency services also take part in the parades in their countries A Russian Armed Forces Honour Parade on Red Square in November 2018 Armenia Edit While the country was a Soviet Republic from 1920 to 1991 Armenia was formerly independent from 1918 to 1920 and thus had armed forces composed of both veterans of the Imperial Army and guerillas fighting the Ottoman armed forces who had been enforcing the anti Armenian massacres of 1914 Armenians fought bravery in the Eastern Front of the Second World War as part of the Soviet Armed Forces retaining some of its traditions today The last of the Soviet era parades took place in 1988 51 Today the Armed Forces of Armenia hosts massive parades held in Yerevan the capital city on the following days May 28 Republic Day September 21 Independence DayIn recent years national military parades have included drill units and military bands performing exhibition drill for the guests before the parade concludes Armenian military parades have garnered notable controversy The 1996 parade coincided with the presidential election which would take place the day after which resulted in many opposition figures charging President Levon Ter Petrosyan who was in attendance with putting on a show of force to his opposition and particularly supporters of his opponent Vazgen Manukyan 52 Another controversial aspect was censorship an example of this being in 1994 when Ruben Satyan editor in chief of the Russian language newspaper Vremya reported that one Armenian general was wearing non regulation trousers with sewn red stripes on pants intended for a private a report which resulted in Satyan being summoned to the local military prosecutor s office who warned him to never do a report like this again particularly saying that It s good you re not 45 otherwise I d have you sent to fight in Karabakh 53 Azerbaijan Edit Main article Military parades in Azerbaijan The semi annual parade on the Day of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan 26 June is one of the biggest in the Commonwealth of Independent States held every 3 to 5 years at the Azadliq Square Baku honoring the many Azerbaijanis who served faithful under the colours as part of her armed forces The forces on parade are assembled based on a mix of the Turkish and Russian parade formation A special victory parade was held on that square on 10 December 2020 to mark the Azeri victory in the 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war Alongside the semi annual parades celebration marches and occasional parades are held on the following 9 May Victory in Europe Day 28 May Republic Day 15 September anniversary of the Azerbaijani Turkish victory in the 1918 Battle of Baku 18 October Independence Day 8 9 November Victory Day in the Nagorno Karabakh Patriotic War and Flag Day Passing out parades and ceremonies of military educational institutionsBelarus Edit See also List of Victory Day Parades in Minsk The first venue for the parades in the capital was Cathedral Square Military parades and solemn processions took place here even before the October Revolution 54 Upon the Liberation of Minsk in 1944 a parade now known as the Partisans Parade was held Military parades in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic took place on October Square from 1946 to 1984 The Armed Forces of Belarus holds an annual military parade on 3 July along the Victors Avenue in the national capital Minsk marking the anniversary of the liberation of the country during the 1944 Minsk Offensive which coincides with the country s Independence Day On special years of the victory in Europe commemorative extraordinary parades are held there on 9 May to honor the millions of Belarusian military dead of the Second World War Military parades in the country are based on the Russian Polish model and tradition Formerly parades in the Republic of Belarus and the BSSR took place on Independence Square known in the Soviet era as Lenin Square This changed in the early 2000s when the square was renovated and became incompatible with the parade format Since 2004 military parades in the capital have taken place on Victors Avenue 55 The first military parade in the Western city of Grodno was held 2015 on Lenin Square 56 In connection with the centennial of the Belarusian Armed Forces in 2018 a military parade was also held in Grodno Estonia Edit While being formerly independent from 1918 to 1940 and as a component republic of the Soviet Union from that year to 1941 and yet again from 1944 to 1991 the current Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Defence League successor to both the military and reserve forces of the First Republic and republican formations under the Baltic Military District and Baltic Fleet of the Soviet Armed Forces marches during a combination of Russian Finnish and Western drill in parades held in the following days February 24 Independence Day June 24 Victory DayDuring the 2006 Victory Day Parade in Saaremaa the first ever Fleet Review of the Estonian Navy in Estonian history was conducted by the Estonian Defence League The Soviet era Estonian language term for the annual parade on what was formerly Victory Square during the 7 November holiday was the Oktoobriparaad October Parade 57 Georgia Edit The Defense Forces of Georgia successor to the armed services of the Democratic Republic and Soviet formations stationed in the Georgian SSR hosts military parades on May 26 Independence Day the anniversary of the formation of the republic in 1918 together with elements from the National Police the Border Police and the Georgian Coast Guard The first parade was held on Independence Day in 1991 with 10 000 soldiers of the National Guard of Georgia taking their oath of service in front of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia at Boris Paichadze Stadium The parade was held without heavy equipment by order of parade commander Colonel Avtandil Tskitishvili with only a small detachment of cavalry being brought to the stadium 58 Another parade was organized in 1993 From 1997 to 2004 no military parades had been organized by the government citing financial difficulties 59 In 2004 President Mikheil Saakashvili restored the tradition of holding military parades 60 National independence parades have also been held in the cities of Batumi 61 and Kutaisi Modern parades are a mix of the former Soviet and modern Western British US Turkish and Israeli traditions and drill owing to the modernization of the defense and public security forces to NATO and EU standards Kazakhstan Edit The Armed Forces of Kazakhstan holds military parades Kazakh Әskeri parad that resemble the parades of the Russian military in Moscow with one of the only exceptions being the inspection of the troops by the Supreme Commander of the Kazakh Armed Forces instead of the defense minister It has never held yearly parades celebrating one occasion with parades currently being held in honor of the Defender of the Fatherland Day holiday the first of which being 2014 and the largest parade in existence being held on this date in 2015 62 In the past large scale military parades in the former capital of Almaty and the current capital of Astana were held on the following holidays Kazakhstan Independence Day 1996 Victory Day 9 May 1995 2000 63 2005 64 Constitution Day Kazakhstan 2009 2010 2011 In recent years the Defender of the Fatherland Day parade was expanded to function as a so called Battle Parade Boevoj parad So far only two of these kinds of parades have been held in 2013 and 2018 65 In contrast to usual military parades the battle parade includes tactical exercises and military demonstrations after the parade itself These parades usually are held at the 40th Otar Military Base in the Korday District and take place with the troops in full combat gear rather than a ceremonial full dress uniform Like former Soviet republics Kazakh military parades are led by a cadet drum corps specifically from the Astana Zhas Ulan Republican School As of 2020 the MC for parade ceremonies is Azamat Kanapiya who announces the parade live and not pre recorded like his Russian counterparts citation needed Kyrgyzstan Edit Kyrgyz military parades are based on Russian traditions having been held on many occasions in the history of the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan Currently the only consistent military parade is held on Ala Too Square in Bishkek every 5 years in honor of the country s Independence Day Other military parades have been held celebrating different occasions On 24 March 2006 a parade was held on the same square celebrating the 1 year anniversary since the Tulip Revolution which overthrew President Askar Akayev 66 67 68 In May of that same year a Day of the Armed Forces parade on the same square later being deemed as irresponsible by opposition lawmaker Omurbek Tekebaev due to the fact that it coincided with opposition protests against President Kurmanbek Bakiyev which itself was described by Defence Minister Ismail Isakov as purely coincidental 69 In 2015 a Victory Day Parade was held in the Kyrgyz capital being presided by Prime Minister Temir Sariyev and Chief of General Staff Asanbek Alymkozhoev in place of President Almazbek Atambayev who was attending the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade that same day 70 The parade saw the appearance of veterans of the war in the mobile column as well as Russian troops from the local Kant Air Base taking part in the parade Latvia Edit Latvia like its neighbors to the north and south was also formerly independent from 1918 to 1940 and as a component republic of the Soviet Union from that year to 1941 and yet again from 1944 to 1991 and its armed forces then as in the 90s were formed up of Latvian born personnel who served in the Russian military and thus share some of the Russian drill and parade ceremonial in combination with Western practices After the restoration of Latvia s independence parades at the Freedom Monument began on 23 August 1992 71 Today the Latvian National Armed Forces hosts massive parades with occasional participation by service personnel of NATO armed forces on the following dates May 4 Restoration of Independence Day November 11 Lacplesis Day November 18 Proclamation Day of the Republic of LatviaLithuania Edit The first official military parade in Lithuania took place on 11 May 1919 in Kaunas 72 In the latter years of Soviet rule military parades were met with much hostility In 1989 protesters in Vilnius blocked tanks rolling on the central avenue 73 and a year later Chairman of the Supreme Council Vytautas Landsbergis and Prime Minister Kazimira Prunskiene both condemned the holding of a Soviet parade as psychological warfare and an attempt by the Soviet authorities to intimidate then breakaway republic 74 An annual parade is held on Lithuanian Armed Forces Day celebrated on 23 November The holiday is traditionally celebrated with a noon parade reviewed by the President of Lithuania on Cathedral Square in Vilnius which runs through Gediminas Avenue to Independence Square NATO alongside Lithuanian troops take part in the parade 75 In recent years large parades were held on the 95th anniversary and centennial in 2013 and 2018 of the restoration of the Lithuanian military 76 Another large parade was held in 2004 on the occasion of the nation joining NATO 77 78 Russia Edit Military parades in Russia were first held in 1702 as a troop review but later grew into a ceremonial event held by order of the President of the Russian Federation in his constitutional duty as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Alongside personnel and veterans of the Armed Forces marching past in these parades are cadets of military high schools and middle schools and the Young Army Cadets National Movement cadets of military faculties of civil universities and battalions of Cossacks honoring their forebears who fought for their homeland in times past Also the following uniformed organizations take part in these parades Kremlin Regiment of the Federal Protective Service in Moscow only National Guard of Russia Police of Russia Main Directorate for Drugs Control Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation Ministry of Emergency Situations Federal Penitentiary Service Investigative Committee of RussiaToday the Moscow Victory Day Parade is the main national parade in the country which follows the traditional format of the now defunct October Revolution Day Parades and the International Workers Day Parade In Russia military parades are annually held in many parts of the country on the following days Defender of the Fatherland Day on 23 February Victory Day on 9 May Victory Day marks Germany s surrender to the Soviet Union in 1945 and is Russia s foremost national military holiday since 1995 Navy Day on the last Sunday of JulyTwo of the most significant military parades on Moscow s Red Square were 1941 October Revolution Parade and the Victory Parade in 1945 Individual parades on the square were held on 7 March 1919 and 27 July 1920 in honor of World Congresses of the Communist International on 7 February 1934 in honor of the 17th Congress of the All Union Communist Party Bolsheviks on the very first Day of Tankmen in 1946 79 and one following the state funeral of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 Today the square serves as the foremost parade venue in the nation Rehearsals for these parades took place at Khodynka Aerodrome and Vnukovo Airfield in the Soviet era and the Alabino in the modern era 80 The following Days of Military Honour often see parades held in individual cities 27 January Day of lifting of the Siege of Leningrad held on Palace Square in Saint Petersburg 2 February Victory Day in the Battle of Stalingrad held on Fallen Fighters Square in Volgograd 23 August Victory Day over Germany in the Battle of Kursk held on Square of Heroes of the Battle of Kursk in Kursk 2 September Victory over Japan Day held in the cities of the Eastern Military District such as Yuzhno Sakhalinsk or Khabarovsk 7 November Anniversary of the historic 1941 military parades on the Red Square in Moscow and Kuybyshev Square in Samara held every year on both squares 81 82 Tajikistan Edit See also Tajikistan Independence Day Military Parade A Victory Day Parade in Victory Park Dushanbe Tajik military parades are held every 2 to 3 years on Dushanbe s Dousti Square They are either held on the occasion of Independence Day or Armed Forces Day They usually feature the entire Dushanbe Garrison and its military equipment The first parade in Dushanbe which was at the time known as Stalinabad took place on an area known as Red Square on 7 November 1945 Since then Soviet military parades of the 201st Motor Rifle Division in the Tajikistan SSR have been held on 9 May and 7 November in Lenin Square annually until 1990 The first military parade in the Republic of Tajikistan was held on armed forces day in 1993 83 84 85 Parades are also occasionally held in honor of the inaugurations of the President of Tajikistan the last was in 2020 in honor of President Emomali Rahmon s 5th inauguration 86 Turkmenistan Edit The principal parade hosted by the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan is held during the annual Independence Day Parade in Independence Square in Ashgabat every September 27 Independence Day marking the day of the declaration of Turkmen independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 From 1992 to 2017 the parade was held on October 27 the day of the independence plebiscite Parades have also been held on Day of Neutrality In 2020 the 75th anniversary of the victory in World War II was celebrated with a military parade for the first time at the square in front of the Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex 87 88 Ukraine Edit Ukrainian parades involve the active and reserve men and women and veterans of the Armed Forces of Ukraine It holds parades on the following Second Sunday of July Navy Day May 8 Day of Remembrance and Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939 1945 May 9 Europe Day and anniversary of the 1920 Kyiv Polish Ukrainian Victory Parade August 24 Ukrainian Independence Day October 13 Defenders of Ukraine Day December 6 Armed Forces DaySomething that distinguishes Ukrainian military parades from its other post Soviet counterparts is during the Kyiv parade the marchpast of the tri service Kyiv Presidential Honor Guard Battalion with the Flag of Ukraine to raise at the flagpole while honors are rendered which includes the playing of Shche ne vmerla Ukraina Since 2014 military bands have also played an integral part in these parades by marching with their units as part of the parade Unlike their other counterparts who use Hello Comrades as the official greeting during parades Ukraine uses Glory to Ukraine as the official holiday greeting with the troops responding by saying Glory to the Heroes 89 The first major parade was held on 9 May 1995 with the participation of over 75 veterans from Ukraine and the CIS 90 The voice of military parades in Ukraine is Dmitry Khorkin who since 2011 has been the official master of ceremonies for the national parades held in Kyiv s Independence Square 91 92 93 Khorkin s voice became remarkable for official events with the participation of the country s top officials and for supporting the Ukrainian army that s why he had received threats from pro Russian separatists before the 2016 military parade 94 Other cities hold parades on the following days Kharkiv Day of the Belgorod Kharkov Offensive Operation parades held in 1993 2003 95 In addition to the Armed Forces and the Territorial Defense Forces the following organizations also take part National Guard of Ukraine Security Service of Ukraine National Police of Ukraine State Border Guard Service of Ukraine State Emergency Service of UkraineSerbia Former Yugoslavia Edit Military parades in Serbia and the former Yugoslavia follow a close tradition that is significantly unique to the Balkan states Their usage of the high step instead of the more European goose step is a notable display of heritage and tradition in their parades The Yugoslav People s Army held its first military parade on Bulevar revolucije just days before the conclusion of the Second World War on International Workers Day Another parade on 20 October of that same year was held in honor of the one year anniversary of the end of the Belgrade Offensive 96 Since then military parades in the SFRY were held on the following dates and occasions 1 May 1946 19 October 1946 1 May 1947 1 May 1948 1 May 1949 1 May 1950 1 May 1951 1 May 1952 1 May 1953 1 May 1954 1 May 1955 1 May 1956 1 May 1957 1 May 1960 1 May 1961 1 May 1962 1 May 1963 1 May 1964 9 May 1965 9 May 1970 9 May 1975 It was the first parade to feature the high stepping march style which was instituted by Marshal Josip Broz Tito to assert his independence from Soviet influence 9 May 1985 The parade branded as Parade 85 was the last victory parade before the break up of Yugoslavia in the early 90s It was also significant as it was the first parade that was not presided by Marshal Tito as leader of Yugoslavia Outside of the Serbian Armed Forces the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia the Armed Forces of Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina still use the Serbian Yugoslav parade format as shown below Croatia Edit Victory Day parade in Zagreb 2015 on 20 anniversary of its victorious Operation Storm The first Croatian military parade took place in the neighborhood of Jarun on 30 May 1995 marking Croatian Statehood Day 97 98 Another parade was held on the same date in 1997 A special military parade of the Armed Forces of Croatia in honor of Victory Day was held on 4 August 2015 in Zagreb celebrating the twentieth anniversary of Operation Storm 99 Lijepa nasa domovino the national anthem was notably performed by 12 year old Mia Negovetic accompanied by the Croatian Armed Forces Band and the Croatian Navy s vocal ensemble 100 The editorial board of the Zagreb based Jutarnji list gave a positive review of the event and called for the introduction of regular parades on 4 August 101 whereas military analyst Igor Tabak criticized the inauthenticity of many historical units 102 North Macedonia Edit On Army Day in 2012 a parade at Ilinden Barracks in Skopje was held on the jubilee of the 20th anniversary of the Army of North Macedonia led by the Chief of the General Staff Major General Gorancho Koteski 103 Serbia Edit The Serbian Guards Unit during the Belgrade Military Parade The first massive parade in the Republic of Serbia took place on Liberation Day on 16 October 2014 Known commonly as the March of the Victor the parade took place on Nikola Tesla Boulevard and included 4 500 Serbian Army troops the Russian Swifts aerobatic team and even an appearance by Russian President Vladimir Putin as the guest of honour 104 Similar parades are still held annually 105 On 10 May 2019 the first Victory Day Parade in close to 35 years was held in the city of Nis Branded as the Defence of Freedom show the parade also included personnel of the Police of Serbia which also marked the 20th anniversary of the Yugoslav resistance to the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia 106 107 108 109 Singapore Edit The tiny city state of Singapore has had a tradition of parades since the late 19th century thanks to the British presence as a colony of the Strait Settlements The traditions of British Armed Forces formations in the island which remained for more than a century till the last units left in the 1970s have inspired the parade and ceremonial traditions and drill of the paramount uniformed organizations of the nation the Singapore Armed Forces established 1958 and the Singapore Police Force established 1820 Until the 1960s the King s Queen s Birthday was marked by parades by the British Army Royal Navy and Royal Air Force as well as parades by the Australian and New Zealand Defence Forces A special victory parade was held in late September 1945 to mark the victory over Japan and the conclusion of the Second World War In those years the Singapore Volunteer Corps raised 1854 served as the local force representing the island in such events a role it played for more than a century until the mid 1960s The first ever modern parade was held on 3 December 1959 to mark the inauguration of Singapore s second Governor and first President Yusof Ishak 110 with the 1st battalion of the young Singapore Infantry Regiment in attendance at the historic city Padang in front of historic National Gallery Singapore complex then City Hall alongside the SPF the then Singapore Fire Brigade now the Singapore Civil Defence Force representatives of the British Armed Forces and the cadet organizations as well as students from secondary and primary schools The 1959 Inauguration Parade would set a precedent that would be seen in future parades held in the country later inflused with elements from within Southeast Asia and abroad as well as the already dominant Commonwealth tradition and the Padang would be seen as the place of big parades in the nation Beginning 1960 parades were held on a set date nearest 3 June to mark National Day at first in honor of the country s grant of self governance as an independent Commonwealth realm in 1958 59 111 It all ended in 1963 with the merger with Malaysia and the first Malaysia Day Parades were held at the Padang on 15 16 September 1963 to mark accession as a Malaysian state and parades were held until 1964 on that day 31 August and on 12 August the Governor s birthday Late in 1963 an extraordinary Padang parade was held to mark the visit to the state of the then Yang di Pertuan Agong HM Putra of Perlis which saw the participation of the 6th Battalion Royal Malay Regiment On 9 August 1966 the inaugural Singapore National Day Parade was held at the Padang with President Ishak as guest of honor and principal guest with the parade now using Malay language drill a tradition inherited from the Malaysian Armed Forces which replaced the English drill commands in 1963 9 August was chosen to mark the date of the historic 1965 Proclamation of Singapore Since then the civil military parade and the post parade cultural musical and gymnastic presentations following it have been synonymous with National Day commemorations serving thus as the nation s principal national parade at times one of the largest in all of Southeast Asia with occasional military mobile sea and air columns Today the Padang hosts the NDP every 5 years as a show of gratitude to that National Monument s place in the country s history at other years the National Stadium and The Float Marina Bay soon NS Square have at times alternated as the venues of the parade In 1975 1977 1979 1981 and 1983 the parade was a localized event held in several sports stadiums In 2019 the NDP was held at the Padang in a break from tradition to honor the Singapore Biccentenial 112 A televised event produced by Mediacorp it is also live streamed globally to millions online and features together with the SAF SPF and SCDF the following organizations Immigration and Checkpoints Authority Singapore Customs National Cadet Corps National Police Cadet Corps National Civil Defence Corps Singapore Scout Association Girl Guides Red Cross Youth St John s Ambulance Brigade Boys Brigade Singapore Girls Brigade Singapore SAFRA National Service Association Singaporean higher educational institutions Singaporean secondary schools People s Action Party and PAP Community Foundation National Trades Union Congress Contingents of government ministries Contingents of national statuory boards and state owned corporations Contingents of public and private NGOs Contingents of private local and foreign corporations Singapore National Olympic Council and Sport SingaporeParades are also held in the following occasions 15 February Total Defence Day 8 May NPCC Day 24 May Police Day 1 July SAF Day 11 November Remembrance Day On the occasion of the inaugurations of the President of Singapore On the occasion of passing out parades of the Basic Military Training Centre Specialist Cadet School and Officer Cadet School Service and branch anniversariesSouth Africa Edit The tradition of military parades in South Africa traces its origin to the Netherlands thru the Dutch East India Company and later on the United Kingdom The combination of traditions from these two countries created a unique South African tradition that would be manifested in the public parades of today s South African National Defence Force created 1912 on the basis of the former separate regional armed forces of the country and has been in its current form since 1994 infusing traditions from the armed forces of the former Bantustans and the guerrilla forces of some of the political parties involved in South Africa until the 1990s Today the parade held on Armed Forces Day held every 21 February serves as the principal military parade of the SANDF It is a double anniversary of both the 1917 sinking of SS Mendi during the First World War which became the country s biggest military tragedy in history and the 1994 reformation of the South Africa Defence Force into the current day SANDF The national parade is held yearly in a set host city with the service branches organizing celebrations yearly with a specific branch being tasked for the organization of the national celebrations with responsibilities being changed year after year Taking the salute is the President of South Africa who is commander in chief of the Forces Turkey Edit The Turkish tradition of military parades was introduced in the 19th century as part of the Westernization and modernization of the army and navy of the then Ottoman Empire to modern standards of warfare and military ceremonial a tradition carried on by the modern Turkish Armed Forces whose parade drill includes high stepping a tradition introduced in the 1900s Today parades held by the Turkish Armed Forces and its veterans are held in the following days April 23 National Sovereignty and Children s Day May 19 Commemoration of Ataturk Youth and Sports Day August 30 Victory Day also principal holiday of the Armed Forces October 29 Republic DayThe August 30 parade is the country s principal parade and features vehicle and aviation elements many of them nationally produced in addition to the usual marchpast United Kingdom Edit The troops of the Household Division during the 2017 Trooping the ColourIn the United Kingdom a guard of honour traditionally performs the march past for whoever received the salute In the capital of London traditional ceremonial units that perform public duties the King s Guard for example take part in military parades such as the more common Trooping the Colour on Horse Guards Parade and special parades during the jubilee years of the monarch in his or her capacity as commander in chief of the British Armed Forces The Household Cavalry Blues and Royals and Life Guards traditionally perform trot pasts in mounted formation together with the King s Troop Royal Horse Artillery These units have been known to parade in slow and quick time Personnel of the armed forces cadet organizations The Royal British Legion and veterans organizations also parade during national holidays such as Remembrance Day or Armed Forces Day and in local Freedom of the City parades Also common are passing out parades which are held within training establishments of the armed services During a regimental military parade the regimental march of the unit is played United States Edit President George H W Bush greeting Norman Schwarzkopf Jr on the parade route Military parades in the American capital are held quadrennially by servicemen of the United States Armed Forces during the Presidential inaugural parade These are not considered to be regular military parades however as the parading formations are actually not entirely composed of armed servicemen The first known organized military procession in the United States was the Grand Review of the Armies on May 23 and May 24 1865 following the end of the American Civil War 1861 1865 The New York City Victory Parade of 1946 was held in mid January in 1946 to commemorate the conclusion of World War II and the Allied victory over the Axis Powers in all theaters of the war helped by the service of millions of Americans who served under the armed forces and the National Guard in addition to the state defense forces In the late 40s and the early 50s massive parades in honor of Army Day and later Armed Forces Day were held in the capital 113 The most recently held military parade was the National Victory Celebration on June 8 1991 to celebrate the conclusion of Gulf War in Iraq In 2018 a national debate was sparked when President Donald Trump proposed to hold a military parade on 10 November 2018 in honor of the Veterans Day holiday the next day commonly known as the Trump Military Parade This was seen by most as expensive and authoritarian like and by August of that year the Department of Defense announced that the military parade would be postponed until 2019 114 The 2019 Fourth of July parade was the first attended by the President of the United States in his capacity as the constitutional commander in chief of the United States Armed Forces and the National Guard Bureau with the parade route changed to include the Lincoln Memorial complex within the greater area around the National Mall 115 116 117 It was also the first time since the 1950s where units aside from the guards of honor also included cadets from the military academies units of the Armed Forces and the National Guard and the nationally produced military equipment of the services marching past in the national capital city in front of the members of government Congress veterans and the people of the capital Annual military parades as well as armed forces and veterans participation in civil parades are held in the following days in major cities in the country in areas with military installations and in state capitals March 29 Vietnam Veterans Day 3rd Saturday of May Armed Forces Day Last Monday of May Memorial Day 14 June Flag Day and Army Birthday 4 July United States Independence Day 11 November Veterans Day 4th Thursday of November Thanksgiving DayParades are also held within the military academies high schools bases and installations of the Armed Forces as well as by JROTC and ROTC units the National Guard s Youth Challenge Program and youth uniformed cadet organizations Young Marines American Cadet Alliance National Defense Cadet Corps and the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps including the Navy League Cadet Corps on the following days aside from the aforementioned Army Birthday 4 August Coast Guard Day United States Coast Guard 17 September Air Force Day United States Air Force 13 October US Navy Birthday United States Navy 27 October Navy Day United States Navy 10 November Marine Corps Day United States Marine Corps 13 December National Guard Day National Guard of the United States During a change of command retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces and all military academies and high schools During unitwide anniversaries and remembrance days of important battles of the Armed Forces During holidays marked by each of the states and federal territories and major cities as well as in Puerto Rico as can be permitted by the commander of the unit taking part During inauguration ceremonies of state governors and country city and municipal chief executivesThe typical presidential inaugural or holiday parade hosted in Washington D C is hosted by the National Capital Region of the Department of Defense while local and state level parades are hosted by the local military installations and local area governments Alongside personnel and veterans of the Armed Forces and the National Guard Bureau and all others mentioned above all active reserve and retired state defense forces and naval militia personnel also take part in these parades in addition with in local areas personnel from the following organizations U S Customs and Border Protection including the United States Border Patrol National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers and United States Park Police of the National Park Service State police departments Local county sheriff s departments Local city and municipal police departments including cadets of police academies State fire and emergency services Local county fire and emergency services Local city and municipal fire and emergency services Veterans of the local and state law enforcement fire and emergency services Boy Scouts of America Girl Scouts of the USA Medical Cadet Corps Other youth organizations Foreign armed forces veterans organizations within the United StatesVenezuela Edit Cadets of the Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela in their unique slow march in a military paradeFull blown military parades by the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela together with the Venezuelan National Police are held on the following days 13 April National Militia Day 19 April 19 April National Day 24 June Army Day 5 July Independence Day 24 July Navy Day including the occasional fleet review 7 August National Guard Day 27 November Air Force Day During change of command retirement and recruit and cadet graduation parades within the service branches of the armed forces and all military academies and high schools Following the presidential inauguration ceremony every 6 years in CaracasTaking part on these parades are active duty and reserve personnel of the NBAF and its service branches and these are a mix of the German British and later on Chinese and Russian traditions In August 2018 during a military parade and ceremony on the Venezuelan National Guard s 81st anniversary President Nicolas Maduro was targeted in a drone attack which left him unharmed and left 8 9 people injured Vietnam Edit As a former French territorial possession Vietnam hosts a number of military parades with a combination of French Russian and Chinese drill featuring the People s Army of Vietnam and Vietnam People s Public Security on the following dates April 30 Reunification Day and Conclusion of the Vietnam War Anniversary May 1 International Workers Day and Air Force Day May 7 Victory Day in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and Navy Day August 19 August Revolution Day and People s Public Security Day September 2 Independence Day and Victory Over Japan Day October 10 Capital Liberation Day December 22 People s Army DaySee also EditAt attention Military band Parade Drill commands Exhibition drill March music Police DayReferences Edit Military com 2021 03 31 The Importance of Drill Military com Retrieved 2022 06 21 Paul Lockhart The Drillmaster of Valley Forge The Baron de Steuben and the Making of the American Army Washington DC Smithsonian Books 2008 Champs Elysees city visit in Paris France Recommended city visit of Champs Elysees in Paris Paris com Archived from the original on 2011 08 07 Retrieved 2011 07 27 Celebrate Bastille Day in Paris This Year Paris Attractions 2011 05 03 Archived from the original on 2012 03 26 Retrieved 2011 07 27 The Current Digest of the Soviet Press Vol 6 American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies 1954 United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service 1959 Daily Report Foreign Radio Broadcasts Daily Report People s Republic of China U S Foreign Broadcast Information Service 1974 Soviet Analyst Vol 13 14 1984 Veizi Leonard 2019 01 13 Photo Here s how the military parades unfolded before 1990 Gazeta Dita in Albanian Retrieved 2019 08 10 Veizi Leonard 2012 11 10 70s 80s parades tanks and rockets on the boulevard Shekulli in Albanian Retrieved 2019 08 10 https aaf mil al index php arkivi dhjetor 2007 1403 parade ushtarake madheshtore me rastin e 95 vjetorit te krijimit te forcave te armatosura shqiptare Desfile de 7 de Setembro e cancelado por causa de pandemia Agencia Brasil August 7 2020 Persiapan sambutan HK ke 38 dibincangkan Media Permata Online 21 February 2022 The Warriors Day Parade History Guide Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Fuller 2004 National Days National Ways Historical Political and Religious Celebrations Around the World ISBN 978 0 275 97270 7 The military parade for the 70th anniversary of the PRC A revealing example of Chinese strategic power Martina Michael Blanchard Ben July 29 2017 Coghill Kim Holmes Sam eds China s Xi calls for building elite forces during massive military parade Reuters Massive parade tipped for PLA s 90th birthday 15 March 2017 Superpower China Claims This is Biggest Naval Parade in 600 Years 16 April 2018 China Marks Tibetan Anniversary with Military Parade 20 March 2019 习近平检阅驻港部队 受阅官兵为何喊 主席好 政解 国内 新京报网 www bjnews com cn Cuba marks the victory of socialism Cuba Annual Report 1986 January 1988 ISBN 978 0 88738 191 1 http www cubagob cu otras info minfar granma htm NOTICIAS Prensa Latina 19 April 2021 Hundreds of Soldiers Marched Through Prague for the First Time Since 1985 Aktualne in Czech 2008 10 28 Retrieved 2019 08 10 100th Anniversary of Czechoslovakia Parade 2018 28th October Czech Defence Journal Prague Experienced a Military Parade After 23 Years Lidovky cz in Czech 2008 10 28 Retrieved 2019 08 10 Adamickova Nada Konigova Marie 2016 09 21 A Spectacular Military Parade Should Roar Through Prague Novinky cz in Czech Retrieved 2019 08 10 Zwischen Politparade und Volksfest MDR DE www mdr de Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Die Reservisten und Ehemaligen der FlaRakGrp 38 amp 14 Hawkies www hawkies de Retrieved Aug 25 2020 NATO Parade auf dem Nurburgring Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek www deutsche digitale bibliothek de Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Republic Day 2020 Captain Tania Shergill To Become 1st Woman Parade Adjutant Ndtv com 2019 02 22 Retrieved 2020 01 17 Who is Captain Tania Shergill The Times of India timesofindia indiatimes com 16 January 2020 Retrieved 2020 01 26 North Korean military parades 70 years of propaganda intimidation and unity Los Angeles Times September 8 2018 Retrieved Aug 25 2020 North Korean Military Parades October 25 2019 Retrieved August 25 2020 North Korea military parades through Pyongyang www cbsnews com Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Is North Korea Preparing for a Military Parade Beyond Parallel April 10 2019 Past goose steppers proud of place in North Korean parades Associated Press Sep 6 2018 Retrieved Aug 25 2020 What Mongolian cavalry s military parade looks like Xinhua English news cn Archived from the original on August 15 2018 Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Rare Images of the People s Revolution tolgoilogch mn in Mongolian Retrieved 2019 08 10 Bayarmaa A 1908 10 04 The History of the Military Ceremony Zindaa mn in Mongolian Retrieved 2019 08 10 Rossabi Morris 2014 From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia The Writings of Morris Rossabi Brill p 503 ISBN 978 90 04 28529 3 OCLC 915581801 Sanders Alan J K 2010 Historical Dictionary of Mongolia 3rd ed Scarecrow Press p 62 ISBN 978 0 8108 7452 7 OCLC 939933261 G Mahbariad Col ogood l bajsan bi ch avaad l bajsan Cergijnhnij 16 zhild avdag colyg bi tavan zhild zүүsen www n24 mn 16 March 2020 Retrieved 2021 06 07 Polish Chronicle KronikaRP in Polish Retrieved 2019 08 10 Knights in Film Props Participate in a Parade in Honor of the 1000th Anniversary of the Polish State phistory info in Russian 2019 07 14 Retrieved 2019 08 10 Unde a fost organizată ultima defilare de 23 august la care a participat Nicolae Ceaușescu Chiar el proiectase clădirea August 23 2020 Parada de 1 Decembrie Ce pregăteste ministerul Apărării ZF ro Ce facem de 1 Decembrie la Timisoara mergem la parada militara la Targul de Craciun si la concerte Atentie s au schimbat orele evenimentelor fata de alti ani Iata intreg programul de Ziua Nationala OpiniaTimisoarei ro www opiniatimisoarei ro 22 November 2019 Talking Monuments Statue of Lenin 1tv am in Armenian 2015 10 07 Archived from the original on 2016 08 08 Retrieved 2019 08 10 https www csce gov sites helsinkicommission house gov files 092296ArmenianElections pdf bare URL PDF Armenian Officials Tout Press Freedom But Bully the Press Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Istoriya paradov v Minske daty i mesta provedeniya neobychnye uchastniki i vvedenie minuty molchaniya Stolichnoe televidenie STV in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 18 Anna Shirokanova Making Sense of the Post Soviet Capital Politics of Identity in the City of Minsk PDF S2CID 145142567 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 08 08 Internet portal SNG V stranah Sodruzhestva Nezavisimyh Gosudarstv masshtabno otmetili 70 letie Velikoj Pobedy old e cis info Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Oktoobriparaad Tallinnas 1954 Eesti filmi andmebaas www efis ee Retrieved 2020 07 30 ქართული ჯარის დიდი დღე On ge May 1 2017 Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Georgia Celebrates Independence Day Civil Georgia 26 May 2002 Retrieved 25 May 2014 Military Parade Marks Independence Day Civil Georgia 26 May 2010 Retrieved 25 May 2014 Saakashvili Attended Military Parade in Adjara May 26 2004 Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Parad vpechatlil ekspertov lish rossijskoj tehnikoj rus azattyq org Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Informacionno pravovaya sistema normativnyh pravovyh aktov Respubliki Kazahstan zakon uchet kz Retrieved Aug 25 2020 NG Voennye parady v Kazahstane za 15 let podorozhali v odinnadcat raz www ng kz Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Bedenko Grigory 2018 05 07 How was the Battle Parade 2018 Photoreport Informburo kz in Russian Retrieved 2019 08 10 Pervaya godovshina tyulpanovoj revolyucii v Kirgizii amp dw com Retrieved 2020 06 03 Tyulpanovaya revolyuciya v Kyrgyzstane god spustya www golos ameriki ru Retrieved 2020 06 03 Kyrgyzstan A Bazarkorgon in Kyrgyz Mamlekettik til zhana entsiklopediia borboru 2006 ISBN 978 9967 14 046 2 Kyrgyz Opposition Military Vie For Venue Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty 2 February 2012 Retrieved 2019 09 21 V stolice Kirgizii sostoyalsya parad Pobedy Foto Militaras parades Latvija cauri laikiem LA LV Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Saldzhyunas Vajdas V subbotu v Vilnyuse sostoitsya voennyj parad DELFI Retrieved Aug 25 2020 LordBenas 2008 05 24 1989 sovietinis paradas Gedimino prospektu retrieved 2017 03 20 dead YouTube link Revolution Day Parade turns violent in Vilnius PDF The Ukrainian Weekly Lithuania celebrating Armed Forces Day DELFI Retrieved Aug 25 2020 https kam lt lt atkurtai lietuvos kariuomenei 100 karinis paradas html cf chl jschl tk 3fc07dedb196d64d0fc22e75410b7549413e6ed8 1596131019 0 AapH6jTxMqgtGpdVrZ0nw4NU WMa 1A mfWMU4qQip4BNJ9rGwNYqOD6qcmoTWwsxQq8hqsVZWVHAfDjCfNV3ASSma AzHMu4RL8K3v4xyh5Q9UOauLLHqKmyMZ3vmKl zXSfwnF7MS5BIhKsI6gQrCAmOkKqA6iYLRMpFMZZdXI0jf0HiM8pG00UJxF YcGGJmK8pv4SSXFKhIb6v712Ids 7oNVWeD70sf22MWc jLPVqnGnsuTpgvbPl6mLfcJ7lpup4ldmZM3FD1F46VLNt9F2LXo8lPRna2jzV3x7wQzUfzNVM5Ev5 Kw4alTyncbNxLjRg6K1HGXmKCbSVQoIIHbPXblKrbmhspEu8 G NE8EejE8UnFwf73 uj0OUkxFvhR yEBnjozQVc yKkYDXO5VyeTDZfwEHTliiJMqH Tokio parado dar nematete beveik 2 tukst kariu desimtys karines technikos vienetu lrt lt Nov 23 2018 Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Karinis paradas Vilniuje Karstas Komentaras Retrieved 2021 03 13 Soviet Military Parade Day of Tankmen 8 September 1946 retrieved 2020 06 13 Voennyj parad na Krasnoj ploshadi osobyj simvol Rossii tramuk ru Retrieved Aug 25 2020 7 November was a major holiday in the Soviet Union commemorating the October Revolution In 1941 the troops that took part in the annual parade were sent from the Red Square directly to the front line which was situated less than a hundred kilometers from Moscow Day of military glory of Russia The day of the military parade on Red Square in 1941 calendr net 2018 01 25 Archived from the original on 2018 01 25 Retrieved 2019 08 10 Shermatov Gafur 2016 10 18 We were greeted as relatives From the Red Army to the military base Tajikistan News in Russian Retrieved 2019 08 10 70 let vmeste 201 ya RVB prazdnuet yubilej Novosti Tadzhikistana ASIA Plus asiaplustj info Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Ot Krasnoj armii do rossijskoj voennoj bazy v Tadzhikistane stanradar com Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Everyone should watch presidential inauguration ceremony www asiaplustj info Retrieved 2020 11 03 Turkmenistan to hold mass celebrations of Victory Day amid coronavirus akipress com Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Turkmenistan to hold WWII military parade despite pandemic www thenews com pk Retrieved Aug 25 2020 President The words Glory to Ukraine Glory to the Heroes will be the official greetings of the Armed Forces of our state President of Ukraine Presidential Administration of Ukraine Retrieved 4 June 2019 Yushenko hochet vvesti v Kiev tanki Kak Putin www zhitomir info Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Dmitro Horkin Ukrayinske radio ukr radio Retrieved 2019 12 01 Kto ozvuchival parad v Kieve kp ua in Russian Retrieved 2019 11 30 Fakty ICTV Den nezavisimosti Dmitrij Horkin o mnogochislennyh repeticiyah paradov i scenariyah na vse sluchai Fakty FAKTI 2019 08 24 Retrieved 2019 12 01 Diktor parada v Kieve Iz Kryma mne napisali chto ya prigovoren gordonua com 24 August 2016 Retrieved 2019 12 01 Voennyj Parad V Chest 60 Letiya Osvobozhdeniya Harkova Ot Nemecko Fashistskih Zahvatchikov Projdet 23 Avgusta Na Pl Svobody 7 July 2023 Radulovic Mladen 2014 10 10 Force of the Yugoslav National Army Belgrade Thundered in the Last Military Parade in 1985 Video kurir rs in Bosnian Retrieved 2019 08 10 Hrvatska parada i konfuzna poruka susjedima Al Jazeera Balkans Jul 16 2015 Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Vojna parada pobunjenih Srba u Slunju lipnja 1995 godine vojnapovijest vecernji hr Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Spektakularna vojna parada Zadnji u koloni prosli tenkovi in Croatian 24sata 4 August 2015 Retrieved 5 August 2020 Dnevnik Mia Negovetic pjeva himnu archived from the original on 2021 12 21 retrieved 2020 08 10 Gordanka Juresko Komentar Jutarnjeg Mimohod treba postati obveza za sve buduce generacije Mozda bi zakonom trebalo obvezati vlast da postane tradicija Jutarnji list objavljeno 5 kolovoza 2015 Igor Tabak Sto zapamtiti od mimohoda u Zagrebu obris org 18 kolovoza 2015 Parada po povod Denot na ARM i јubileјot 20 godini ARM in Macedonian 2012 08 18 Retrieved 2020 08 10 Putin guest of honour at Serbia military parade BBC 75th Anniversary of the Liberation of Belgrade in World War II marked Ministry of defence Republic of Serbia Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Serbia s army and police prepare for Victory Day parade N1 Srbija Serbia Marks Victory Day with Grand Military Parade May 10 2019 Serbia marches between the East and the West amp dw com Serbia marks Victory Day with police military parade www xinhuanet com Archived from the original on May 10 2019 The Making of a Nation Forging a Singapore Identity 1963 National Day Celebrations Berita Singapura YouTube YouTube NDP 2019 27 000 turn up at the Padang for Singapore s bicentennial birthday bash the Straits Times The Straits Times 9 August 2019 Washington Loves a Parade H DC H Net networks h net org Retrieved Aug 25 2020 Trump s military parade is postponed until 2019 ABC News 16 August 2018 Retrieved 17 August 2018 Sisk Richard June 20 2019 President Trump to Finally Get His Military Parade on July 4 Military com Analysts blast Trump s desired military parade as North Korea style event NBC News 7 February 2018 Baker Peter June 5 2019 Trump Sets Off Fireworks of a Different Sort With Fourth of July Speech Plan The New York Times Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Military parade amp oldid 1165167215, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.