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Australian and New Zealand Army Corps

April 25, 2023

"ANZAC" and "Anzac" redirect here. For other uses, see ANZAC (disambiguation).

The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was originally a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood commanded the corps, which primarily consisted of troops from the First Australian Imperial Force and 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force, although there were also British and Indian units attached at times throughout the campaign. The corps disbanded in 1916, following the Allied evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula and the formation of I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps. The corps was reestablished, briefly, in the Second World War during the Battle of Greece in 1941. The term 'ANZAC' has been used since for joint Australian–New Zealand units of different sizes.

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
New Zealand soldiers' encampment at ANZAC Cove in 1915
Active1914–1916; 1941
Countries
BranchArmy
TypeArmy Corps
Part ofMediterranean Expeditionary Force
Nickname(s)ANZAC
AnniversariesAnzac Day
EngagementsFirst World War
Second World War
Vietnam War
Commanders
Notable
commanders		William Birdwood

History

Original formation

 
Popular illustration of Anzac troops after the fighting at Gallipoli

Plans for the formation began in November 1914 while the first contingent of Australian and New Zealand troops were still in convoy bound for, as they thought, Europe. However, following the experiences of the Canadian Expeditionary Force encamped on Salisbury Plain, where there was a shortage of accommodation and equipment, it was decided not to subject the Australians and New Zealanders to the English winter, and so they were diverted to Egypt for training before moving on to the Western Front in France.[1][2] The British Secretary of State for War, Horatio Kitchener, appointed General William Birdwood, an officer of the British Indian Army, to the command of the corps and he furnished most of the corps staff from the Indian Army as well. Birdwood arrived in Cairo on 21 December 1914 to assume command of the corps.[3]

It was originally intended to name the corps the Australasian Army Corps, this title being used in the unit diary in line with the common practice of the time which often saw New Zealanders and Australians compete together as Australasia in sporting events.[4] However, complaints from New Zealand recruits led to adoption of the name Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The administration clerks found the title too cumbersome so quickly adopted the abbreviation A. & N.Z.A.C. or simply ANZAC.[4] Shortly afterwards it was officially adopted as the codename for the corps, but it did not enter common usage amongst the troops until after the Gallipoli landings.[5]

At the outset, the corps comprised two divisions; the Australian Division, composed of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Australian Infantry Brigades and the New Zealand and Australian Division, composed of the New Zealand Infantry Brigade, New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, Australian 1st Light Horse Brigade and 4th Australian Infantry Brigade.[6] The 2nd and 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigades were assigned as corps level troops, belonging to neither division.[6]

Despite being synonymous with Australia and New Zealand, ANZAC was a multi-national body: in addition to the many British officers in the corps and division staffs, the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps contained, at various points, the 7th Brigade of the Indian Mountain Artillery, Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps troops,[7] the Zion Mule Corps,[8] several battalions from the Royal Naval Division,[9] the British 13th (Western) Division, one brigade of the British 10th (Irish) Division and the 29th Indian Brigade.[10]

Later formations

World War I

Following the evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula, in December 1915, the Australian and New Zealand units reassembled in Egypt. The New Zealand contingent expanded to form their own division; the New Zealand Division. The First Australian Imperial Force underwent a major reorganisation resulting in the formation of two new divisions; the 4th and 5th divisions. (The Australian 3rd Division was forming in Australia and would be sent directly to England and then to France.) These divisions were reformed into two corps: I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps.[11] I ANZAC Corps, under the command of General Birdwood, departed for France in early 1916. II ANZAC Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Alexander Godley, followed soon after.[12]

In January 1916, the 4th (ANZAC) Battalion, Imperial Camel Corps, was formed with Australian and New Zealand troops. The 1st and 3rd Battalions were Australian, while the 2nd Battalion was British.[13] Then in March 1916, the ANZAC Mounted Division with three Australian and one New Zealand brigade, was formed for service in Egypt and Palestine.[11] There was also the 1st (ANZAC) Wireless Signal Squadron, which served with the British expeditionary force in Mesopotamia in 1916–1917.[11]

In early 1916, the Australian and, to a lesser extent, New Zealand governments sought the creation of an Australian and New Zealand Army, which would have included the New Zealand Division and all of the Australian infantry divisions, but this did not occur.[14]

World War II

 
 
Monument in Sfakia commemorating the evacuation of British and ANZAC forces from Crete in late May 1941.

During World War II, the Australian I Corps HQ moved to Greece in March 1941 (Operation Lustre). As the corps also controlled the New Zealand 2nd Division (along with Greek and British formations), it was officially renamed ANZAC Corps on 12 April.[11][15] The Battle of Greece was over in weeks and the corps HQ evacuated mainland Greece on 23–24 April, with the name ANZAC Corps no longer being used.[16]

Some troops evacuated to Alexandria, but the majority were sent to the Greek island of Crete to reinforce its garrison against an expected German invasion from air and sea. Australians and New Zealanders were respectively deployed around the cities of Rethymno and Chania in western Crete with a smaller Australian force being positioned in Heraklion. The invasion began the morning of 20 May and, after the fierce Battle of Crete, which lasted ten days, Crete fell to the Germans. Most of the defenders of Chania withdrew across the island to the south coast and were evacuated by the Royal Navy from Sfakia. Many others evaded capture for several months, hiding in the mountains with generous assistance from the local Cretan population.[17] Others who were captured and transported to Axis POW camps in mainland Europe were able to escape en route via Yugoslavia. Those who escaped found refuge with Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans until they were either repatriated or recaptured by Axis forces.[18][19]

Other conflicts

 
The Be'er Sheva Anzac Memorial Centre, Israel

During the Vietnam War, two companies from the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment were integrated into Royal Australian Regiment battalions. These integrated battalions had the suffix (ANZAC) added to their name (for example, 4 RAR became the 4RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion).[11] An ANZAC battalion served as one of the infantry battalions of the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) from early March 1968 until its withdrawal in December 1971. Due to the rotation of forces, there were a total of five combined battalions of this period.[20]

The ANZAC Battle Group was the official designation of Australian and New Zealand units deployed to Timor Leste as part of Operation Astute. The battle group was established in September 2006.[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ Beckett, Ian (2012). The Making of the First World War. Yale University Press.
  2. ^ Grey, Jeffrey (2008). A Military History of Australia. Cambridge University Press. p. 92.
  3. ^ Bean, Charles (1941a). The Story of ANZAC from the outbreak of war to the end of the first phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, May 4, 1915. Angus and Robertson. p. 117.
  4. ^ a b Davidson, Leon (2005). Scarecrow Army: The Anzacs at Gallipoli. Black Dog Books. p. 24.
  5. ^ Bean, Charles (1941a). The Story of ANZAC from the outbreak of war to the end of the first phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, May 4, 1915. Angus and Robertson. pp. 124–125.
  6. ^ a b Davidson, Leon (2005). Scarecrow Army: The Anzacs at Gallipoli. Black Dog Books. p. 25.
  7. ^ Bean, Charles (1941a). The Story of ANZAC from the outbreak of war to the end of the first phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, May 4, 1915. Angus and Robertson. pp. 214–215.
  8. ^ Waite, Fred (1919). The New Zealanders at Gallipoli. Official History of New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. Auckland, New Zealand: Whitcombe & Tombs. p. 165.
  9. ^ Broadbent, Harvey (2005). Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore. Camberwell, Victoria: Viking/Penguin. p. 128.
  10. ^ Bean, Charles (1941b). The Story of ANZAC from 4 May 1915, to the Evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula. Angus and Robertson. pp. 454–455.
  11. ^ a b c d e "The ANZAC Acronym". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  12. ^ Grey, Jeffrey (2008). A Military History of Australia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 100–102.
  13. ^ "Imperial Camel Corps". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  14. ^ Bean, Charles (1941c). The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1916. Angus and Robertson. p. 148.
  15. ^ Ewer, Peter (2008). Forgotten Anzacs: The Campaign in Greece, 1941, Scribe Publications Pty Ltd, ISBN 1921215291.
  16. ^ D.M. Horner. "Blamey, Sir Thomas Albert (1884–1951)". Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 13, Melbourne University Press, 1993, pp 196–201.
  17. ^ "Crete, Kreta: the battles of May 1941". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  18. ^ Lawrence, Christie (1946). Irregular Adventure. London: Faber and Faber.
  19. ^ Churches, Ralph (1999). 100 Miles as the Crow Flies. Sydney: AMPH.
  20. ^ McGibbon, Ian (2010). New Zealand's Vietnam War: A History of Combat, Commitment and Controversy. Exisle. p. 550.
  21. ^ "ANZAC Battle Group". 24 August 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2019.

Bibliography

  • Bean, Charles (1941a) [1921]. The Story of ANZAC from the Outbreak of War to the End of the First Phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, May 4, 1915. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. I (11th ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. OCLC 220878987.
  • Bean, Charles (1941b) [1926]. The Story of ANZAC from 4 May 1915, to the Evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. II (11th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 220051990.
  • Bean, Charles (1941c) [1929]. The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1916. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. III (12th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 220623454.
  • Broadbent, Harvey (2005). Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore. Camberwell, Victoria: Viking/Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-04085-8.
  • Grey, Jeffrey (2008). A Military History of Australia (3rd ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-69791-0.
  • McGibbon, Ian (2010). New Zealand's Vietnam War: A History of Combat, Commitment and Controversy. Auckland: Exisle. ISBN 978-0908988969.
  • Waite, Fred (1919). The New Zealanders at Gallipoli. Official History of New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. Auckland, New Zealand: Whitcombe & Tombs. OCLC 221448346.

Further reading

  • Fleming, Robert (2012). The Australian Army in World War I. Men at Arms. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey. ISBN 978-1849086325.
  • Lake, Marilyn; Reynolds, Henry, eds. (2010). What's Wrong with ANZAC? The Militarisation of Australian History. Sydney: NewSouth Books. ISBN 978-1-74223-151-8.
  • Teniswood-Harvery, Arabella (2016). "Reconsidering the Anzac Legend: Music, National Identity and the Australian Experience of World War I, as Portrayed in the Australian War Memorial's Art and Photographic Collection". Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography. 41 (1–2): 129–140. ISSN 1522-7464.
  • Robins, James (2020). When We Dead Awaken: Australia, New Zealand, and the Armenian Genocide. London: I.B. Tauris.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
  • Anzac Day Act 1995
  • , includes previously unpublished photographs, artworks and documents from Government archives. A site by the Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs.
  • Discovering Anzacs, includes service records and profiles from National Archives of Australia and Archives NZ for those who enlisted in WWI.
  • An ongoing collection of geo-mapped War Memorial photographs.
  • Listen to an excerpt from a simulated recording of Australian troops docking in Egypt after their voyage from Australia to take part in the First World War on australianscreen online.
    • This recording was added to the National Film and Sound Archive's in 2007
  • Measuring the ANZACS – a citizen science project
  • Seal, Graham: Anzac (Australia), in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
  • Monash University: One Hundred Stories (Online Exhibition)
  • Beersheba ANZAC Memorial Center

April 25, 2023
australian, zealand, army, corps, anzac, anzac, redirect, here, other, uses, anzac, disambiguation, anzac, originally, first, world, army, corps, mediterranean, expeditionary, force, formed, egypt, december, 1914, operated, during, gallipoli, campaign, general. ANZAC and Anzac redirect here For other uses see ANZAC disambiguation The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps ANZAC was originally a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force It was formed in Egypt in December 1914 and operated during the Gallipoli campaign General William Birdwood commanded the corps which primarily consisted of troops from the First Australian Imperial Force and 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force although there were also British and Indian units attached at times throughout the campaign The corps disbanded in 1916 following the Allied evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula and the formation of I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps The corps was reestablished briefly in the Second World War during the Battle of Greece in 1941 The term ANZAC has been used since for joint Australian New Zealand units of different sizes Australian and New Zealand Army CorpsNew Zealand soldiers encampment at ANZAC Cove in 1915Active1914 1916 1941Countries Australia New ZealandBranchArmyTypeArmy CorpsPart ofMediterranean Expeditionary ForceNickname s ANZACAnniversariesAnzac DayEngagementsFirst World WarSecond World WarVietnam WarCommandersNotablecommandersWilliam Birdwood Contents 1 History 1 1 Original formation 1 2 Later formations 1 2 1 World War I 1 2 2 World War II 1 2 3 Other conflicts 2 See also 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory EditOriginal formation Edit Popular illustration of Anzac troops after the fighting at Gallipoli Plans for the formation began in November 1914 while the first contingent of Australian and New Zealand troops were still in convoy bound for as they thought Europe However following the experiences of the Canadian Expeditionary Force encamped on Salisbury Plain where there was a shortage of accommodation and equipment it was decided not to subject the Australians and New Zealanders to the English winter and so they were diverted to Egypt for training before moving on to the Western Front in France 1 2 The British Secretary of State for War Horatio Kitchener appointed General William Birdwood an officer of the British Indian Army to the command of the corps and he furnished most of the corps staff from the Indian Army as well Birdwood arrived in Cairo on 21 December 1914 to assume command of the corps 3 It was originally intended to name the corps the Australasian Army Corps this title being used in the unit diary in line with the common practice of the time which often saw New Zealanders and Australians compete together as Australasia in sporting events 4 However complaints from New Zealand recruits led to adoption of the name Australian and New Zealand Army Corps The administration clerks found the title too cumbersome so quickly adopted the abbreviation A amp N Z A C or simply ANZAC 4 Shortly afterwards it was officially adopted as the codename for the corps but it did not enter common usage amongst the troops until after the Gallipoli landings 5 At the outset the corps comprised two divisions the Australian Division composed of the 1st 2nd and 3rd Australian Infantry Brigades and the New Zealand and Australian Division composed of the New Zealand Infantry Brigade New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade Australian 1st Light Horse Brigade and 4th Australian Infantry Brigade 6 The 2nd and 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigades were assigned as corps level troops belonging to neither division 6 Despite being synonymous with Australia and New Zealand ANZAC was a multi national body in addition to the many British officers in the corps and division staffs the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps contained at various points the 7th Brigade of the Indian Mountain Artillery Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps troops 7 the Zion Mule Corps 8 several battalions from the Royal Naval Division 9 the British 13th Western Division one brigade of the British 10th Irish Division and the 29th Indian Brigade 10 Later formations Edit World War I Edit Following the evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula in December 1915 the Australian and New Zealand units reassembled in Egypt The New Zealand contingent expanded to form their own division the New Zealand Division The First Australian Imperial Force underwent a major reorganisation resulting in the formation of two new divisions the 4th and 5th divisions The Australian 3rd Division was forming in Australia and would be sent directly to England and then to France These divisions were reformed into two corps I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps 11 I ANZAC Corps under the command of General Birdwood departed for France in early 1916 II ANZAC Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Alexander Godley followed soon after 12 In January 1916 the 4th ANZAC Battalion Imperial Camel Corps was formed with Australian and New Zealand troops The 1st and 3rd Battalions were Australian while the 2nd Battalion was British 13 Then in March 1916 the ANZAC Mounted Division with three Australian and one New Zealand brigade was formed for service in Egypt and Palestine 11 There was also the 1st ANZAC Wireless Signal Squadron which served with the British expeditionary force in Mesopotamia in 1916 1917 11 In early 1916 the Australian and to a lesser extent New Zealand governments sought the creation of an Australian and New Zealand Army which would have included the New Zealand Division and all of the Australian infantry divisions but this did not occur 14 World War II Edit Monument in Sfakia commemorating the evacuation of British and ANZAC forces from Crete in late May 1941 During World War II the Australian I Corps HQ moved to Greece in March 1941 Operation Lustre As the corps also controlled the New Zealand 2nd Division along with Greek and British formations it was officially renamed ANZAC Corps on 12 April 11 15 The Battle of Greece was over in weeks and the corps HQ evacuated mainland Greece on 23 24 April with the name ANZAC Corps no longer being used 16 Some troops evacuated to Alexandria but the majority were sent to the Greek island of Crete to reinforce its garrison against an expected German invasion from air and sea Australians and New Zealanders were respectively deployed around the cities of Rethymno and Chania in western Crete with a smaller Australian force being positioned in Heraklion The invasion began the morning of 20 May and after the fierce Battle of Crete which lasted ten days Crete fell to the Germans Most of the defenders of Chania withdrew across the island to the south coast and were evacuated by the Royal Navy from Sfakia Many others evaded capture for several months hiding in the mountains with generous assistance from the local Cretan population 17 Others who were captured and transported to Axis POW camps in mainland Europe were able to escape en route via Yugoslavia Those who escaped found refuge with Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans until they were either repatriated or recaptured by Axis forces 18 19 Other conflicts Edit The Be er Sheva Anzac Memorial Centre Israel During the Vietnam War two companies from the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment were integrated into Royal Australian Regiment battalions These integrated battalions had the suffix ANZAC added to their name for example 4 RAR became the 4RAR NZ ANZAC Battalion 11 An ANZAC battalion served as one of the infantry battalions of the 1st Australian Task Force 1 ATF from early March 1968 until its withdrawal in December 1971 Due to the rotation of forces there were a total of five combined battalions of this period 20 The ANZAC Battle Group was the official designation of Australian and New Zealand units deployed to Timor Leste as part of Operation Astute The battle group was established in September 2006 21 See also EditANZAC day Colour of War The Anzacs includes rare colour footage Military history of Australia during World War I Military history of New Zealand during World War IReferences Edit Beckett Ian 2012 The Making of the First World War Yale University Press Grey Jeffrey 2008 A Military History of Australia Cambridge University Press p 92 Bean Charles 1941a The Story of ANZAC from the outbreak of war to the end of the first phase of the Gallipoli Campaign May 4 1915 Angus and Robertson p 117 a b Davidson Leon 2005 Scarecrow Army The Anzacs at Gallipoli Black Dog Books p 24 Bean Charles 1941a The Story of ANZAC from the outbreak of war to the end of the first phase of the Gallipoli Campaign May 4 1915 Angus and Robertson pp 124 125 a b Davidson Leon 2005 Scarecrow Army The Anzacs at Gallipoli Black Dog Books p 25 Bean Charles 1941a The Story of ANZAC from the outbreak of war to the end of the first phase of the Gallipoli Campaign May 4 1915 Angus and Robertson pp 214 215 Waite Fred 1919 The New Zealanders at Gallipoli Official History of New Zealand s Effort in the Great War Auckland New Zealand Whitcombe amp Tombs p 165 Broadbent Harvey 2005 Gallipoli The Fatal Shore Camberwell Victoria Viking Penguin p 128 Bean Charles 1941b The Story of ANZAC from 4 May 1915 to the Evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula Angus and Robertson pp 454 455 a b c d e The ANZAC Acronym Australian War Memorial Retrieved 15 December 2011 Grey Jeffrey 2008 A Military History of Australia Cambridge University Press pp 100 102 Imperial Camel Corps Australian War Memorial Retrieved 15 December 2011 Bean Charles 1941c The Australian Imperial Force in France 1916 Angus and Robertson p 148 Ewer Peter 2008 Forgotten Anzacs The Campaign in Greece 1941 Scribe Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 1921215291 D M Horner Blamey Sir Thomas Albert 1884 1951 Australian Dictionary of Biography Volume 13 Melbourne University Press 1993 pp 196 201 Crete Kreta the battles of May 1941 Australian War Memorial Retrieved 26 April 2019 Lawrence Christie 1946 Irregular Adventure London Faber and Faber Churches Ralph 1999 100 Miles as the Crow Flies Sydney AMPH McGibbon Ian 2010 New Zealand s Vietnam War A History of Combat Commitment and Controversy Exisle p 550 ANZAC Battle Group 24 August 2009 Retrieved 26 April 2019 Bibliography EditBean Charles 1941a 1921 The Story of ANZAC from the Outbreak of War to the End of the First Phase of the Gallipoli Campaign May 4 1915 Official History of Australia in the War of 1914 1918 Vol I 11th ed Sydney Angus and Robertson OCLC 220878987 Bean Charles 1941b 1926 The Story of ANZAC from 4 May 1915 to the Evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula Official History of Australia in the War of 1914 1918 Vol II 11th ed Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australian War Memorial OCLC 220051990 Bean Charles 1941c 1929 The Australian Imperial Force in France 1916 Official History of Australia in the War of 1914 1918 Vol III 12th ed Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australian War Memorial OCLC 220623454 Broadbent Harvey 2005 Gallipoli The Fatal Shore Camberwell Victoria Viking Penguin ISBN 978 0 670 04085 8 Grey Jeffrey 2008 A Military History of Australia 3rd ed Melbourne Victoria Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 69791 0 McGibbon Ian 2010 New Zealand s Vietnam War A History of Combat Commitment and Controversy Auckland Exisle ISBN 978 0908988969 Waite Fred 1919 The New Zealanders at Gallipoli Official History of New Zealand s Effort in the Great War Auckland New Zealand Whitcombe amp Tombs OCLC 221448346 Further reading EditFleming Robert 2012 The Australian Army in World War I Men at Arms Oxford United Kingdom Osprey ISBN 978 1849086325 Lake Marilyn Reynolds Henry eds 2010 What s Wrong with ANZAC The Militarisation of Australian History Sydney NewSouth Books ISBN 978 1 74223 151 8 Teniswood Harvery Arabella 2016 Reconsidering the Anzac Legend Music National Identity and the Australian Experience of World War I as Portrayed in the Australian War Memorial s Art and Photographic Collection Music in Art International Journal for Music Iconography 41 1 2 129 140 ISSN 1522 7464 Robins James 2020 When We Dead Awaken Australia New Zealand and the Armenian Genocide London I B Tauris External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Australian and New Zealand Army Corps Anzac Day Act 1995 Visit Gallipoli Australian site about Gallipoli and the Anzacs includes previously unpublished photographs artworks and documents from Government archives A site by the Australian Department of Veterans Affairs Discovering Anzacs includes service records and profiles from National Archives of Australia and Archives NZ for those who enlisted in WWI New Zealanders at Gallipoli An ongoing collection of geo mapped Australian amp ANZAC War Memorial photographs Listen to an excerpt from a simulated recording of Australian troops docking in Egypt after their voyage from Australia to take part in the First World War on australianscreen online This recording was added to the National Film and Sound Archive s Sounds of Australia Registry in 2007 Measuring the ANZACS a citizen science project Seal Graham Anzac Australia in 1914 1918 online International Encyclopedia of the First World War Monash University One Hundred Stories Online Exhibition Beersheba ANZAC Memorial Center Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Australian and New Zealand Army Corps amp oldid 1137697989, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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