Indian Coast Guard
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) is a maritime law enforcement and search and rescue agency of India with jurisdiction over its territorial waters including its contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone. It was formally established on 1 February 1977 by the Coast Guard Act, 1978 of the Parliament of India.[7] It operates under the Ministry of Defence.[8]
| Indian Coast Guard | |
|---|---|
Indian Coast Guard crest | |
Racing stripe | |
Ensign | |
| Abbreviation | ICG |
| Motto | वयम् रक्षामः (Sanskrit) Vayam Rakṣāmaḥ (ISO)[1] We protect |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 18 August 1978 |
| Employees | 13,842 sanctioned strength (2018–19)[2] |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| Operations jurisdiction | India |
| Constituting instrument |
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| Specialist jurisdiction |
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| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Indian Coast Guard Headquarters, New Delhi |
| Agency executives |
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| Parent agency | Ministry of Defence |
| Facilities | |
| Boats |
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| Planes | 67 aircraft |
| Notables | |
| Anniversary |
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| Website | |
| indiancoastguard | |
The Coast Guard works in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Revenue (Customs), and the Central Armed Police Forces, and the State Police Services.
History
The establishment of the Indian Coast Guard was first proposed by the Indian Navy to provide non-military maritime services to the nation.[9] In the 1960s, sea-borne smuggling of goods was threatening India's domestic economy. The Indian Customs Department frequently called upon the Indian Navy for assistance with patrol and interception in the anti-smuggling effort.
The Nagchaudhuri Committee was constituted with participation from the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force to study the problem. In August 1971, the committee identified the requirement to patrol India's vast coastline, set up a registry of offshore fishing vessels to identify illegal activity, and establish a capable and well-equipped force to intercept vessels engaged in illegal activities. The committee also looked at the number and nature of the equipment, infrastructure and personnel required to provide those services.[9]
By 1973, India had started a programme to acquire the equipment and started deputing personnel from the Indian Navy for these anti-smuggling and law enforcement tasks, under the provisions of the Maintenance of Internal Security Act. The Indian Navy sensed that the law enforcement nature of these duties diverged from its core mission as a military service. Admiral Sourendra Nath Kohli, then Chief of Naval Staff, hence made a recommendation to the Defence Secretary outlining the need for a separate maritime service to undertake those duties and offering the Navy's assistance in its establishment. On 31 August 1974, the Defence Secretary submitted a note to the Cabinet Secretary proposing cabinet action on Admiral Kohli's recommendation.
As a result, in September 1974, the Indian cabinet set up the Rustamji Committee, under the chairmanship of Khusro Faramurz Rustamji, with participation from the Navy, the Air Force and the Department of Revenue to examine gaps in security and law enforcement between the roles of the Indian Navy and the central and state police forces. The discovery of oil off Bombay High further emphasised the need for a maritime law enforcement and protection service. The committee submitted its recommendation for the establishment of the Indian Coast Guard under the Ministry of Defence on 31 July 1975. Bureaucratic wrangling followed, with the Cabinet Secretary making a recommendation to place the service under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi overruled the Cabinet Secretary and decided to accept the original recommendation of the Rustamji Committee to place the service under the Ministry of Defence.[9]
An interim Indian Coast Guard came into being on 1 February 1977, equipped with two small corvettes and five patrol boats transferred from the Navy. The duties and functions of the service were formally defined in the Coast Guard Act, which was passed by India's parliament on 18 August 1978 and came into immediate effect.[7]
Vice Admiral V. A. Kamath of the Indian Navy was appointed the founding Director-General. Prime Minister Morarji Desai inspected the Guard of Honour at the service's inauguration. Vice Admiral Kamath proposed a five-year plan to develop the ICG into a potent force by 1984, but the full potential of this plan was not immediately realised due to an economic resource crunch.[9]
One of the historic operational successes of the ICG occurred in October 1999, with the recapture at high seas of a Panamanian-registered Japanese cargo ship, MV Alondra Rainbow, hijacked off Indonesia. Her crew were rescued off Phuket, Thailand. The ship had been repainted as MV Mega Rama, and was spotted off Kochi, heading towards Pakistan. She was chased by ICGS Tarabai and INS Prahar (K98) of the Indian Navy, and apprehended.[10] It was the first successful prosecution of armed pirates in over a century.
The Indian Coast Guard conducts exercises with the other coast guards of the world. In May 2005, the ICG agreed to establish liaison links with the Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA). In 2006, the Indian Coast Guard conducted exercises with its Japanese and Korean counterparts.
After the 2008 Mumbai attacks, the Indian government initiated a programme to expand the ICG force, assets and infrastructure.
The force aims to have 200 ships and 100 twin-engined aircraft by 2023 in its fleet.[11]
Presen scenario
Current role
The Indian Coast Guard's motto is "वयम रक्षामः" (Vayam Rakshamah), which translates from Sansrit as "We Proect".
Missions of Indian Coast Guard:[12]
- Safety and protection of artificial islands, offshore terminals and other installations
- Protection and assistance to fishermen and mariners at sea
- Preservation and protection of marine ecology and environment including pollution control
- Assistance to the Department of Customs and other authorities in anti-smuggling operations
- Law enforcement in territorial as well as international waters
- Scientific data collection and support
- National defence during hostilities (under the operational control of the Indian Navy)
Additional responsibilities of the Indian Coast Guard:[13]
- Offshore Security Coordination Committee (OSCC) – The Director-General of the Indian Coast Guard is the Chairman of OSCC constituted by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG), of which the Flag Officer Defence Advisory Group is a member.
- National Maritime Search and Rescue Coordinating Authority (NMSARCA) – The Director-General of the Indian Coast Guard is the NMSARCA for executing / coordinating search and rescue (SAR) missions
- Lead Intelligence Agency (LIA) – For coastal and sea borders
- Coastal Security – The Director-General of the Indian Coast Guard is the commander of coastal command and is responsible for overall coordination between central and state agencies in all matters relating to coastal security
Leadership and organisation
The Indian Coast Guard organisation is headed by the Director-General (DG ICG) who is located at Coast Guard Headquarters (CGHQ), New Delhi. At CGHQ, he is assisted by four Deputy Director-Generals of the rank of Inspector-General, and other senior officers heading various staff divisions. The current Director-General is Virender Singh Pathania, PTM, TM.[14]
Director-General of Indian Coast Guard is equivalent to Vice admiral of Indian Navy.[15]
The Indian Coast Guard operates five regions. Each region is headed by an officer of the rank of Inspector-General. Each of the regions is further divided into multiple districts, typically covering a coastal state or a union territory.
| Coast Guard regions | Regional HQ location | Regional commander |
|---|---|---|
| Western Region (W) | Mumbai | IG MV Baadkar, TM |
| Eastern Region (E) | Chennai | IG Anand Prakash Badola, TM |
| North-East Region (NE) | Kolkata | IG IS Chauhan, TM |
| Andaman & Nicobar Region (A&N) | Port Blair | IG B Sharma, TM |
| North-West Region (NW) | Gandhinagar | IG AK Harbola, TM |
By the end of 2012, the Indian Coast Guard is on track to operate:[16]
- 42 Coast Guard Stations
- 5 Coast Guard Air Stations
- 10 Coast Guard Air Enclaves
Organization
There are currently 42 Coast Guard stations which have been established along the coastline of the country.[17]
| Regional HQ | District HQ | Coast Guard Station |
|---|---|---|
| North-East Region (NE) CGRHQ Kolkata | ||
| DHQ-7 Paradip | CGAE Bhubaneswar | |
| ICGS Gopalpur | ||
| DHQ-8 Haldia | ICGS Frazerganj | |
| ICGS Kolkata | ||
| Eastern Region (E) CGRHQ Chennai | DHQ-5 Chennai | CGAS Chennai |
| ICGS Chennai | ||
| DHQ-6 Visakhapatnam | ICGS Visakhapatnam | |
| ICGS Kakinada | ||
| ICGS Krishnapatnam | ||
| ICGS Nizampatnam | ||
| CGAE Visakhapatnam (Proposed)[18][19] | ||
| DHQ-13 Puducherry | ICGS Puducherry | |
| ICGS Karaikal | ||
| DHQ-16 Thoothukudi | ICGS Thoothukudi[20] | |
| ICGS Mandapam | ||
| CGAS Thoothukudi (Land acquisition in-progress)[21][22] | ||
| Andaman & Nicobar Region (A&N) CGRHQ Port Blair | ||
| DHQ-14 Port Blair | ICGS Port Blair | |
| CGAE Port Blair | ||
| ICGS Hutbay | ||
| DHQ-9 Diglipur | ICGS Mayabunder[23] | |
| ICGS Diglipur | ||
| DHQ-10 Campbell Bay | ICGS Campbell Bay | |
| ICGS Kamorta | ||
| Western Region (W) CGRHQ Mumbai | DHQ-3 New Mangaluru | ICGS Karwar[24] |
| CGAE New Mangaluru[25] | ||
| DHQ-2 Mumbai | ICGS Murud Janjira | |
| ICGS Ratnagiri | ||
| ICGS Dahanu | ||
| DHQ-4 Kochi | ICGS Vizhinjam | |
| ICGS Beypore | ||
| CGAE Kochi | ||
| DHQ-11 Mormugao | ICGS Goa | |
| CGAE Dabolim | ||
| DHQ-12 Kavaratti | ICGS Kavaratti | |
| ICGS Minicoy | ||
| ICGS Androth | ||
| CGAS Daman | ||
| North-West Region (NW) CGRHQ Gandhinagar | ICGS Gandhinagar | |
| DHQ-1 Porbandar | ICGS Pipavav | |
| ICGS Jakhau | ||
| ICGS Mundra | ||
| ICGS Veraval | ||
| ICGS Vadinar | ||
| ICGS Okha | ||
| CGAE Porbandar |
Personnel
Officer rank structure
A table showing the rank structure of Coast Guard officers with those of the other Indian armed services.[26]
| Indian Coast Guard Ranks | Indian Army Ranks | Indian Navy Ranks | Indian Air Force Ranks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director-General /Additional Director-General | Lieutenant General | Vice Admiral | Air Marshal |
| Inspector-General | Major General | Rear Admiral | Air Vice Marshal |
| Deputy Inspector-General | Brigadier | Commodore | Air Commodore |
| Commandant (Level 13-Pay Scale) | Colonel | Captain | Group Captain |
| Commandant (Junior Grade) | Lt Colonel | Commander | Wing Commander |
| Deputy Commandant | Major | Lt Commander | Squadron Leader |
| Assistant Commandant (2 Years) | Captain | Lieutenant | Flight Lieutenant |
| Assistant Commandant | Lieutenant | Sub Lieutenant | Flying Officer |
Coast Guard officers
The naming of ranks of officers in the Coast Guard is as same as rank of Central Armed Police Forces. Officers are appointed in the Coast Guard in one of four branches, as either General-Duty officer, Pilot officer, Technical officer or Law officers. Lady Officers have two branches i.e. General-Duty Officer or Pilot Officer and serve on shore establishments/Air Stations/Headquarters. They are not deployed on board Indian Coast Guard ships.
Currently, officers of Indian Coast Guard undergo Basic Military Training at the Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala along with their counterparts of Indian Navy. This helps in the mutual interchange of Officers among these two sister services. While the Indian Coast Guard Academy is under construction in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka.[27]
- General-Duty Officers
The command of ships at sea can only be exercised by officers of the General-Duty (GD) branch. The key functions of a General-Duty Officer would be to operate weapons, sensors and different kinds of equipment on board a ship. The safety of the ship and the men would be GD officers responsibility. All the District Commanders (COMDIS) and Commander of Coast Guard Region (COMCG) appointments are exercised by a GD Officer of the Indian Coast Guard.
- Pilot Officers
Pilot Officers are also part of GD branch. A Pilot Officer gets an opportunity to work at shore Air Stations along the Indian coasts and also embark ships. ICG operates fixed wing aircraft for surveillance of the Exclusive Economic Zone. In addition, helicopters are embarked on Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV) to provide local surveillance and perform search and rescue mission at sea.
- Technical Officers
Technical Officers are responsible for operation of advanced technology and sensor systems on board Coast Guard vessels and aircraft, as well as on shore installations. They also command the maintenance wings of the force.
- Law Officers
Law Officers act as legal advisers to their respective commanders. They represent the Indian Coast Guard in legal actions filed by or against the organisation. They also perform the duties of trial law officers in Coast Guard courts, convened to try delinquent Coast Guard personnel. The Directorate of Law at Coast Guard Headquarters is headed by a Deputy Inspector-General and is designated as the Chief Law Officer. Section 115 of the Coast Guard Act, 1978 deals with the qualifications necessary to be appointed as the Chief Law Officer of Indian Coast Guard. Section 116 of the Coast Guard Act, 1978 defines the functions of the Chief Law Officer.[7]
Enrolled personnel
Enrolled personnel in the Coast Guard serve as either a yantrik (technician) or navik (sailor).[28]
- Yantriks are responsible for operating and maintaining mechanical, electrical or aeronautical equipment and systems on board the Coast Guard vessels and aircraft.
- Naviks may further serve in the General-Duty or Domestic branches. The General-Duty naviks serve as sailors, weapons systems operators, communication specialists, divers, etc. or in specific maritime or aviation support roles. Domestic branch naviks serve in roles such as stewards, cooks, etc. on board Coast Guard vessels.
Enrolled personnel of Indian Coast Guard are trained along with Indian Naval sailors at the naval training establishment INS Chilka. All training undertaken by Coast Guard personnel is the same as those undertaken by sailors in the Indian Navy. All personnel are trained in operation of weapons systems in cases of emergency.
Rank insignia
- Officers
| Rank group | General/flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indian Coast Guard[29] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Director general | Additional director general | Inspector general | Deputy inspector general (3-year seniority) | Deputy inspector general | Commandant | Commandant (Junior Grade) | Deputy commandant | Assistant commandant | Assistant commandant (under probation) | Assistant commandant (after phase II) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Other ranks
| Rank group | PBORs | PBORs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indian Coast Guard[29] | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pradhan Adhikari Pradhan Sahayak Engineer | Uttam Adhikari Uttam Sahayak Engineer | Adhikari Sahayak Engineer | Pradhan Navik Pradhan Yantrik | Uttam Navik Uttam Yantrik | Navik Yantrik | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equipment
Current aircraft
| Aircraft | Picture | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maritime patrol | ||||||
| Dornier 228 | Germany India | Reconnaissance | 101/201[30] | 36[31] | ||
| Helicopters | ||||||
| HAL Dhruv | India | Utility | Mk. I | 4[32][33] | 9 more Mk.III will replace the HAL Chetak in service.[34] | |
| Mk. III | 16[35][34] | |||||
| HAL Chetak | France India | Utility | 17[36] | |||
Current vessels
Vessels belonging to the Indian Coast Guard bear the prefix "ICGS" – Indian Coast Guard Ship.
| Class | Picture | Origin | Type | Commissioned | Displacement | Vessels | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pollution control vessels (3) | |||||||
| Samudra class | India | Pollution control vessel | 2010–present | 3,960 tons | ICGS Samudra Prahari ICGS Samudra Pehredar ICGS Samudra Pavak | ||
| Offshore patrol vessels (27) | |||||||
| Samarth class | India | Offshore patrol vessel | 2015–present | 2,400 tons | 11 | ||
| Sankalp class | India | Offshore patrol vessel | 2008–present | 2,325 tons | 2 | ||
| Samar class | India | Offshore patrol vessel | 1996–present | 2,300 tons | 4 | ||
| Vikram class | India | Offshore patrol vessel | 2018–present | 2,140 tons | 7 | ||
| Vishwast class | India | Offshore patrol vessel | 2010–present | 1,800 tons | 3 | ||
| Fast Patrol vessels (45) | |||||||
| Aadesh class | India | Fast patrol vessel | 2013–present | 290 tons | 20 | ||
| Rajshree class | India | Fast patrol vessel | 2012–present | 275 tons | 13 | 1 additional unit built for the Seychelles Coast Guard.[37][38] | |
| Rani Abbaka class | India | Fast patrol vessel | 2009–present | 275 tons | 5 | ||
| Sarojini Naidu class | India | Fast patrol vessel | 2002–present | 270 tons | 7 | ||
| Patrol boats (82) | |||||||
| Bharati class | India | Patrol boat | 2013–present | 107 tons | 6 | 9 more to be commissioned | |
| L&T class | India | Fast interceptor boat | 2012–present | 90 tons | 54 | ||
| ABG class | India | Fast interceptor boat | 2000–present | 90 tons | 13 | ||
| Patrol craft (14) | |||||||
| Timblo class | India | Interceptor craft | 2010–present | 7 tons | 10 | ||
| Bristol class | India United Kingdom | Interceptor craft | 2004–present | 5 tons | 4 | ||
| Hovercraft (18) | |||||||
| Griffon class | United Kingdom | Hovercraft | 2000–present | 27 tons | 18 | 6 H-181(Griffon 8000TD) and 12 H-187(Griffon 8000TD)[33] | |
Former vessels
Vessels belonging to the Indian Coast Guard bear the prefix "ICGS" – Indian Coast Guard Ship.
| Class | Picture | Origin | Type | Commissioned | Displacement | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patrol vessels | |||||||
| Priyadarshini class | India | Fast patrol vessel | 1992–1998 | 215 tons | All 8 decommissioned.[39][40][41] | ||
| Vikram class | India | Offshore patrol vessel | 1983–1992 | 1,220 tons | 6 decommissioned, 1 lost, 2 transferred | ||
| Rajhans class | India | Patrol vessel | 1980–1987 | 200 tons | All 5 have been decommissioned.[42] | ||
| Tara Bai class | India Singapore | Coastal patrol vessel | 1987–1990 | 236 tons | All 6 have been decommissioned.[43] | ||
| Blackwood class | United Kingdom | Offshore patrol vessel | 1978–1988 | 1,456 tons | Former INS Kirpan and former INS Kuthar transferred from the Indian Navy in 1978. Kirpan decommissioned 1987,[44] Kuthar decommissioned September 1988.[45] | ||
Future of the Indian Coast Guard
Future vessels
The following is a table of vessel classes which are either under construction or planned, but have not yet entered service.
| Class | Origin | Type | Commission (est.) | Displacement | Planned | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reliance class | India | Fast patrol vessel | January 2021 | 14 | Contract was signed for $138 million[46][47] | |
| ICGS Varuna | India | Training vessel | May 2021 | 3,000 tons | 1 | [48][49] |
| Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) | India | Pollution Control Vessel | May 2025 | 2 | Contract signed for ₹5.83 billion[50] |
Future aircraft
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | Planned | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maritime patrol | ||||||
| Airbus C-295 | Spain India | Reconnaissance | C-295MPA | 6[51] | Proposal for Purchase of 6 C-295 MPA aircraft for Maritime Mission Role. The proposal has been cleared from the CCS.[52] | |
See also
References
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
External links
- Official website