The Alutiiq language (also called Sugpiak, Sugpiaq,[3]Sugcestun,[4]Suk,[4]Supik,[3][4]Pacific Gulf Yupik, Gulf Yupik,[4]Koniag-Chugach) is a close relative to the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language spoken in the western and southwestern Alaska, but is considered a distinct language. It has two major dialects:
The ethnonyms of the Sugpiaq-Alutiiq are a predicament.[5]Aleut, Alutiiq, Sugpiaq, Russian, Pacific Eskimo, Unegkuhmiut, and Chugach Eskimo are among the terms that have been used to identify this group of Native people living on the Lower Kenai Peninsula of Alaska.
About 400 of the Alutiiq population of 3,000 still speak the Alutiiq language. Alutiiq communities are currently in the process of revitalizing their language. In 2010 the high school in Kodiak responded to requests from students and agreed to teach the Alutiiq language. The Kodiak dialect of the language was spoken by only about 50 persons, all of them elderly, and the dialect was in danger of being lost entirely.[6] As of 2014, Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage is offering classes using the "Where Are Your Keys?" technique.[7]
^A /χʷ/ sound sometimes occurs, and is either written as ur, or occurs as a sound of a syllable-final rw; /ʁʷ/, and occurs as an allophone of /ʁʷ/ after consonants like /q/.
^[w] is an allophone of /ɣʷ/, when at syllable-final and elsewhere.
Consonants may be double and have geminated sounds (e.g. kk; [kː]). More consonants /ɾ~r,lʲ,rʲ/ can only be found in loanwords.
All vowels except for /ə/, are considered as full vowels, distinguished with vowel length. /ə/ does not lengthen, nor occurs into vowel clusters, but may tend to be devoiced as /ə̥/ next to other consonants.[8]
^The Alaska Native Language Preservation & Advisory Council (2020). 2020 Biennial Report to the Governor and Legislature(PDF).
^"Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official". NPR.org.
^ ab"List of Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) language resources". uaf.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-02-17.
^ abcdLanguage in the USA, Cambridge University Press, 1981
^Medeia Csoba DeHass, What is in a Name?: The Predicament of Ethnonyms in the Sugpiaq-Alutiiq Region of Alaska 2020-05-18 at the Wayback Machine. Arctic Anthropology. January 2012 49:3-17 (= "Aleut," "Alutiiq," "Sugpiaq," "Russian," "Pacific Eskimo," "Unegkuhmiut," and "Chugach Eskimo" are all different names that have been used to identify the group of Native people living on the Lower Kenai Peninsula of Alaska.)
^Friedman, Sam (2014-02-23). "They're speaking Alutiiq in Anchorage". Washington Times / AP. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
^Leer, Jeff (1985). Prosody in Alutiiq. Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems: Descriptive and Comparative Studies: Alaska Native Language Center.
^Counceller, April G. L.; Leer, Jeff (2012). The Alutiiq orthography: Kodiak dialect(PDF) (second ed.). Kodiak, Alaska: Alutiiq Heritage Foundation. ISBN978-1-929650-09-5. (PDF) from the original on 11 August 2022.
^"Alutiiq language, alphabet, and pronunciation". Omniglot. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
^ abc. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
^ abc"John E. Smelcer, Alutiiq Noun Dictionary and Pronunciation Guide, Common Nouns in Prince William Sound and Kenai Peninsula Region Alutiiq (Excluding Kodiak Island)" (PDF).
Further readingedit
Bass, Willard P.; Tennant, Edward A.; Anahonak, Carl (1973). Test of Oral Language Dominance Sugpiaq Aleut-English. Albuquerque: Southwest Research Association.
Counceller, April Gale Laktonen; Leer, Jeff; Alokli, Nick (2006). Kodiak Alutiiq Conversational Phrasebook With Audio CD. Kodiak, Alaska: Alutiiq Museum & Archaeological Repository. ISBN1-929650-02-7.
Leer, Jeff; Anahonak, Carl; Moonin, Arthur; Tabios, Derenty (2003). Nanwalegmiut paluwigmiut-llu nupugnerit = Conversational Alutiiq dictionary : Kenai Peninsula Alutiiq. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Leer, Jeff; Zeedar, Nina (1990). Classroom Grammar of Koniag Alutiiq, Kodiak Island Dialect. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Leer, Jeff; Christiansen, Matrona; Lind, Doris; Phillips, Thomas; Phillips, Ralph (1996). A Short Dictionary of Alaska Peninsula Sugtestun & Alaska Peninsula Alutiiq Workbook. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks. ISBN1-55500-060-6.
Pratt Museum (2003). Qulianguat Kiputʹsluki = Bringing the Stories Back : Alutiiq Sugpiaq Remembrances of the Outer Coast of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Homer, AK: Pratt Museum.
Russell, Priscilla N. (1991). English Bay and Port Graham Alutiiq Plantlore. Homer, AK: Pratt Museum, Homer Society of Natural History.
Steffian, Amy F.; Pestrikof, Florence (1999). Alutiiq Word of the Week. Kodiak, AK: Alutiiq Museum & Archaeological Repository. ISBN1-929650-00-0.
Smelcer, John E. (November 2010). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-16.
External linksedit
alutiiqlanguage.org Learn the Alutiiq Language
asna.ca Alutiiq Orthodox language texts 2010-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
April 12, 2024
alutiiq, language, alutiiq, people, alutiiq, confused, with, aleut, language, also, called, sugpiak, sugpiaq, sugcestun, supik, pacific, gulf, yupik, gulf, yupik, koniag, chugach, close, relative, central, alaskan, language, spoken, western, southwestern, alas. For the Alutiiq people see Alutiiq Not to be confused with Aleut language The Alutiiq language also called Sugpiak Sugpiaq 3 Sugcestun 4 Suk 4 Supik 3 4 Pacific Gulf Yupik Gulf Yupik 4 Koniag Chugach is a close relative to the Central Alaskan Yup ik language spoken in the western and southwestern Alaska but is considered a distinct language It has two major dialects Koniag Alutiiq spoken on the upper part of the Alaska Peninsula and on Kodiak Island it was also spoken on Afognak Island before that was deserted by the people in the wake of the 1964 Good Friday earthquake Chugach Alutiiq spoken on the Kenai Peninsula and in Prince William Sound AlutiiqPacific Gulf YupikSugt stun Alutiit stunNative toUnited StatesRegioncoastal Alaska Alaska Peninsula to Prince William Sound Ethnicity3 500 Alutiiq people 2010 Native speakers80 2020 1 Language familyEskaleut EskimoYupikAlutiiqEarly formsProto Eskimo Aleut Proto Eskimo Proto YupikWriting systemLatinOfficial statusOfficial language inAlaska 2 Language codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code ems class extiw title iso639 3 ems ems a Glottologpaci1278ELPAlutiiqPacific Gulf Yupik is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World s Languages in Danger The ethnonyms of the Sugpiaq Alutiiq are a predicament 5 Aleut Alutiiq Sugpiaq Russian Pacific Eskimo Unegkuhmiut and Chugach Eskimo are among the terms that have been used to identify this group of Native people living on the Lower Kenai Peninsula of Alaska About 400 of the Alutiiq population of 3 000 still speak the Alutiiq language Alutiiq communities are currently in the process of revitalizing their language In 2010 the high school in Kodiak responded to requests from students and agreed to teach the Alutiiq language The Kodiak dialect of the language was spoken by only about 50 persons all of them elderly and the dialect was in danger of being lost entirely 6 As of 2014 Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage is offering classes using the Where Are Your Keys technique 7 Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Consonants 1 2 Vowels 2 Orthography 2 1 Other letters 3 Vocabulary comparison 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksPhonology editConsonants edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvularplain lab plain lab Nasal voiceless m n ŋ voiced m n ŋStop Affricate p t t ʃ k kʷ qFricative voiceless f s x xʷ x xʷ a voiced ɣ ɣʷ ʁ ʁʷlateral ɬApproximant l j w b A xʷ sound sometimes occurs and is either written as ur or occurs as a sound of a syllable final rw ʁʷ and occurs as an allophone of ʁʷ after consonants like q w is an allophone of ɣʷ when at syllable final and elsewhere Consonants may be double and have geminated sounds e g kk kː More consonants ɾ r lʲ rʲ can only be found in loanwords Vowels edit Front Central BackClose i uMid eOpen aAll vowels except for e are considered as full vowels distinguished with vowel length e does not lengthen nor occurs into vowel clusters but may tend to be devoiced as e next to other consonants 8 Orthography edita a c t ʃ e e f f g x gw xʷ hm m hn n hng ŋ i i k k kw kʷ l l ll ɬ m m n n ng ŋ p p q q r x ʀ r 9 s s t t u u w w y j After voiceless consonants the voiceless nasals are written without h Other letters edit aa aː ai ai au au ia ia ii iː iu iu ua ua ui ui uu uː 10 Vocabulary comparison editThe comparison of number terms and month names in the two dialects English Koniag Alutiiq 11 Chugach Alutiiq 12 Nanwalek amp Port Graham Chenega1 allringuq allriluq allringuq all inguq2 mal uk malruk mall uk atel ek3 pingayun pinga an4 staaman5 talliman6 arwilgen arwinlen7 mallrungin mallruungin maquungwin8 inglulgen inglulen9 qulnguyan qulnguan10 qulenEnglish Koniag Alutiiq 11 Chugach Alutiiq 12 January Cuqllirpaaq IraluqFebruary Nanicqaaq Iraluq Yaʼalungia aqMarch Kaignasqaq Iraluq Ya alullraaqApril Uqna isurt sqaaq Iraluq SaqulegciqMay Nikllit Iraluat Maniit Ya alluaJune Naut staat Iraluat IqallugciqJuly Amartut Iraluat August Alaganat Iraluat Uksuam Ya alluaSeptember Qakiiyat Iraluat Alusastuam Ya alluaOctober Kakegllum Iralua November Quyawim Iralua Kapkaanam Ya alluaDecember Qanim Iralua English Koniag Alutiiq 11 Chugach Alutiiq 12 References edit The Alaska Native Language Preservation amp Advisory Council 2020 2020 Biennial Report to the Governor and Legislature PDF Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official NPR org a b List of Alutiiq Sugpiaq language resources uaf edu Archived from the original on 2013 02 17 a b c d Language in the USA Cambridge University Press 1981 Medeia Csoba DeHass What is in a Name The Predicament of Ethnonyms in the Sugpiaq Alutiiq Region of Alaska Archived 2020 05 18 at the Wayback Machine Arctic Anthropology January 2012 49 3 17 Aleut Alutiiq Sugpiaq Russian Pacific Eskimo Unegkuhmiut and Chugach Eskimo are all different names that have been used to identify the group of Native people living on the Lower Kenai Peninsula of Alaska Kodiak High School Adding Alutiiq Language Class Archived 2021 05 05 at the Wayback Machine Jacob Resneck KMXT Alaska Public Radio Network 12 17 2010 Friedman Sam 2014 02 23 They re speaking Alutiiq in Anchorage Washington Times AP Retrieved 2014 05 03 Leer Jeff 1985 Prosody in Alutiiq Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems Descriptive and Comparative Studies Alaska Native Language Center Counceller April G L Leer Jeff 2012 The Alutiiq orthography Kodiak dialect PDF second ed Kodiak Alaska Alutiiq Heritage Foundation ISBN 978 1 929650 09 5 Archived PDF from the original on 11 August 2022 Alutiiq language alphabet and pronunciation Omniglot Retrieved 27 August 2021 a b c Alutiiq Museum Alutiiq Word of the Week Archives Archived from the original on 2007 09 28 Retrieved 2007 07 10 a b c John E Smelcer Alutiiq Noun Dictionary and Pronunciation Guide Common Nouns in Prince William Sound and Kenai Peninsula Region Alutiiq Excluding Kodiak Island PDF Further reading editBass Willard P Tennant Edward A Anahonak Carl 1973 Test of Oral Language Dominance Sugpiaq Aleut English Albuquerque Southwest Research Association Counceller April Gale Laktonen Leer Jeff Alokli Nick 2006 Kodiak Alutiiq Conversational Phrasebook With Audio CD Kodiak Alaska Alutiiq Museum amp Archaeological Repository ISBN 1 929650 02 7 Leer Jeff Anahonak Carl Moonin Arthur Tabios Derenty 2003 Nanwalegmiut paluwigmiut llu nupugnerit Conversational Alutiiq dictionary Kenai Peninsula Alutiiq Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Leer Jeff Zeedar Nina 1990 Classroom Grammar of Koniag Alutiiq Kodiak Island Dialect Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Leer Jeff Christiansen Matrona Lind Doris Phillips Thomas Phillips Ralph 1996 A Short Dictionary of Alaska Peninsula Sugtestun amp Alaska Peninsula Alutiiq Workbook Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center University of Alaska Fairbanks ISBN 1 55500 060 6 Pratt Museum 2003 Qulianguat Kiputʹsluki Bringing the Stories Back Alutiiq Sugpiaq Remembrances of the Outer Coast of Kenai Peninsula Alaska Homer AK Pratt Museum Russell Priscilla N 1991 English Bay and Port Graham Alutiiq Plantlore Homer AK Pratt Museum Homer Society of Natural History Steffian Amy F Pestrikof Florence 1999 Alutiiq Word of the Week Kodiak AK Alutiiq Museum amp Archaeological Repository ISBN 1 929650 00 0 Smelcer John E November 2010 Alutiiq Noun Dictionary PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2012 03 16 External links editalutiiqmuseum org Alutiiq Word of the Week alutiiqlanguage org Learn the Alutiiq Language uaf edu Alaska Native Languages Alutiiq asna ca Alutiiq Orthodox language texts Archived 2010 09 04 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alutiiq language amp oldid 1213624505, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
