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Miami Beach, Florida

January 10, 2023

"Miami Beach" redirects here. For the beach in Barbados, see Miami Beach, Barbados.
See also: South Beach, Mid-Beach, and North Beach (Miami Beach)

Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida. It was incorporated on March 26, 1915.[5] The municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from the mainland city of Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 sq mi (6.5 km2) of Miami Beach, along with Downtown Miami and the PortMiami, collectively form the commercial center of South Florida.[6] Miami Beach's population is 82,890 according to the 2020 census.[7] Miami Beach is the 26th largest city in Florida based on official 2019 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau.[8] It has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.

Miami Beach, Florida
City
Southern portion of Miami Beach with Downtown Miami in the background, 2006
Seal
Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida
U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits
Coordinates: 25°48′50″N 80°07′57″W / 25.81389°N 80.13250°W / 25.81389; -80.13250Coordinates: 25°48′50″N 80°07′57″W / 25.81389°N 80.13250°W / 25.81389; -80.13250
Country United States
State Florida
County Miami-Dade
IncorporatedMarch 26, 1915
Named forMiami River
Government
 • TypeCommission-Manager
 • MayorDan Gelber[1]
 • Vice MayorSteven Meiner
 • City ManagerAlina T. Hudak
 • City ClerkRafael E. Granado
Area
[2]
 • City15.22 sq mi (39.42 km2)
 • Land7.69 sq mi (19.92 km2)
 • Water7.53 sq mi (19.49 km2)  62.37%
Elevation
4 ft (1.2 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City82,890
 • Density10,774.73/sq mi (4,160.38/km2)
 • Metro
5,564,635
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Zip codes
33109, 33139, 33140, 33141.
Area code(s)305, 786
FIPS code12-45025[3]
GNIS feature ID286750[4]
Websitemiamibeachfl.gov

In 1979, Miami Beach's Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world[9] and comprises hundreds of hotels, apartments and other structures erected between 1923 and 1943. Mediterranean, Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District.

The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East, Lenox Court on the West, 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North. The movement to preserve the Art Deco District's architectural heritage was led by former interior designer Barbara Baer Capitman, who now has a street in the District named in her honor.

Miami Beach is the city in the United States most immediately threatened by climate-driven sea-level rise and flooding. Extensive, expensive, and sometimes controversial efforts are underway to address the problem so far as possible.

Government

Miami Beach is governed by a ceremonial mayor and six commissioners. Although the mayor runs commission meetings, the mayor and all commissioners have equal voting power and are elected by popular election. The mayor serves for terms of two years with a term limit of three terms and commissioners serve for terms of four years and are limited to two terms. Commissioners are voted for citywide and every two years three commission seats are voted upon.

A city manager is responsible for administering governmental operations. An appointed city manager is responsible for administration of the city.[10] The City Clerk and the City Attorney are also appointed officials.

History

In 1870, father and son Henry and Charles Lum purchased land on Miami Beach for 75 cents an acre. The first structure to be built on this uninhabited oceanfront was the Biscayne House of Refuge, constructed in 1876 by the United States Life-Saving Service through an executive order issued by President Ulysses S. Grant,[11] at approximately 72nd Street. Its purpose was to provide food, water, and a return to civilization for people who were shipwrecked. The structure, which had fallen into disuse by the time the Life-Saving Service became the U.S. Coast Guard in 1915, was destroyed in the 1926 Miami Hurricane and never rebuilt.

 
John S. Collins, founding developer of Miami Beach
 
Opening of the Collins Bridge, 1913, then the longest wooden bridge in the world

The next step in the development of the future Miami Beach was the planting of a coconut plantation along the shore in the 1880s by New Jersey entrepreneurs Ezra Osborn and Elnathan T. Field, but this was a failed venture.[12] One of the investors in the project was agriculturist John S. Collins, who achieved success by buying out other partners and planting different crops, notably avocados, on the land that would later become Miami Beach. In fact, the pine trees on today's Pinetree Drive served as an erosion buffer for Collins' plantations.[13] Meanwhile, across Biscayne Bay, the City of Miami was established in 1896 with the arrival of the railroad and developed further as a port when the shipping channel of Government Cut was created in 1905, cutting off Fisher Island from the south end of the Miami Beach peninsula.

Collins' family members saw the potential in developing the beach as a resort. This effort got underway in the early years of the 20th century by the Collins/Pancoast family, the Lummus brothers (bankers from Miami) and Indianapolis entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher. Until then, the beach here was only the destination for day-trips by ferry from Miami, across the bay. By 1912, Collins and Pancoast were working together to clear the land, plant crops, supervise the construction of canals to get their avocado crop to market and set up the Miami Beach Improvement Company.[14] There were bathhouses and food stands, but no hotel until Brown's Hotel was built in 1915 (still standing, at 112 Ocean Drive). Much of the interior landmass at that time was a tangled jungle of mangroves. Clearing it, deepening the channels and water bodies, and eliminating native growth almost everywhere in favor of landfill for development, was expensive. Once a 1600-acre, jungle-matted sand bar three miles out in the Atlantic, it grew to 2,800 acres when dredging and filling operations were completed.[15]

 
Carl G. Fisher in 1909

With loans from the Lummus brothers, Collins had begun work on a 2½-mile-long wooden bridge, the world's longest wooden bridge at the time, to connect the island to the mainland. When funds ran dry and construction work stalled, Indianapolis millionaire and recent Miami transplant Fisher intervened, providing the financing needed to complete the Collins Bridge the following year in return for a land swap deal.[14] That transaction kicked off the island's first real estate boom. The Collins Bridge cost over $150,000[16] and opened on June 12, 1913.[17] Fisher helped by organizing an annual speed boat regatta, and by promoting Miami Beach as an Atlantic City-style playground and winter retreat for the wealthy. By 1915, Lummus, Collins, Pancoast, and Fisher were all living in mansions on the island, three hotels and two bathhouses had been erected, an aquarium built, and an 18-hole golf course landscaped.

The Town of Miami Beach was chartered on March 26, 1915; it grew to become a City in 1917. Even after the town was incorporated in 1915 under the name of Miami Beach, many visitors thought of the beach strip as Alton Beach, indicating just how well Fisher had advertised his interests there. The Lummus property was called Ocean Beach, with only the Collins interests previously referred to as Miami Beach.[5] In 1925, the Collins Bridge was replaced by the Venetian Causeway, described as "a series of drawbridges and renamed the Venetian Causeway".[16]

 
Aerial view of the Flamingo Hotel, circa 1922

Carl Fisher was the main promoter of Miami Beach's development in the 1920s as the site for wealthy industrialists from the north and Midwest to and build their winter homes here. Many other Northerners were targeted to vacation on the island. To accommodate the wealthy tourists, several grand hotels were built, among them: The Flamingo Hotel, The Fleetwood Hotel, The Floridian, The Nautilus, and the Roney Plaza Hotel. In the 1920s, Fisher and others created much of Miami Beach as landfill by dredging Biscayne Bay; this man-made territory includes Star, Palm, and Hibiscus Islands, the Sunset Islands, much of Normandy Isle, and all of the Venetian Islands except Belle Isle. The Miami Beach peninsula became an island in April 1925 when Haulover Cut was opened, connecting the ocean to the bay, north of present-day Bal Harbour. The great 1926 Miami hurricane put an end to this prosperous era of the Florida Boom, but in the 1930s Miami Beach still attracted tourists, and investors constructed the mostly small-scale, stucco hotels and rooming houses, for seasonal rental, that comprise much of the present "Art Deco" historic district.

 
Roller skating waitresses at Roney Plaza Hotel, 1939

Carl Fisher brought Steve Hannagan to Miami Beach in 1925 as his chief publicist.[18] Hannagan set-up the Miami Beach News Bureau and notified news editors that they could "Print anything you want about Miami Beach; just make sure you get our name right."[19] The News Bureau sent thousands of pictures of bathing beauties and press releases to columnists like Walter Winchell and Ed Sullivan.[19] One of Hannagan's favorite venues was a billboard in Times Square, New York City, where he ran two taglines: "'It's always June in Miami Beach' and 'Miami Beach, Where Summer Spends the Winter.'"[20]

Anti-semitism was rampant in the 1920s and into the 30s. Developer Carl Fisher would sell property only to gentiles so Jews were required to live south of Fifth Street. As recently as the 1930s, hotels refused to accept Jews.[21] As the 1930s developed, the "dismantling on Miami Beach of restrictive barriers to Jewish ownership of real estate" was underway; many Jews bought properties from others.[22]

 
Only a few beach area were open to buildings by Jews in 1947 when Temple Emanu-El was built

By the 1940s and 50s, an increasing number of Jewish families built hotels. The first "skyscraper" was the 18-story Lord Tarleton Hotel built in 1940 by Samuel Jacobs. The Jewish mobster Meyer Lansky, who ran some "carpet joints" (gambling operations) in Florida by 1936,[23] and eventually controlled casinos in Cuba and Las Vegas, retired in Miami and died in Miami Beach.[24][25]

 
Temple Menorah developed from an earlier Jewish Center built in 1951

During the Second World War, Jewish doctors were not granted staff privileges at any area hospitals so the community built Mount Sinai Medical Center (Miami) on Miami Beach.[22] The North Shore Jewish Center was built in 1951 and became Temple Menorah after an expansion in 1963.[26]

Post–World War II economic expansion brought a wave of immigrants to South Florida from the Northern United States, which significantly increased the population in Miami Beach within a few decades. After Fidel Castro's rise to power in 1959, a wave of Cuban refugees entered South Florida and dramatically changed the demographic make-up of the area. In 2017, one study named zip code 33109 (Fisher Island, a 216-acre island located just south of Miami Beach), as having the 4th most expensive home sales and the highest average annual income ($2.5 million) in 2015.[27]

The sun and warm climate attracted many Jewish families and retirees. One estimate states that "20,000 elderly Jews" were part of the population of the beach in the late 1970s".[28] In a 2017 interview, a demographer from the University of Miami estimated that there "might have been as many as 70,000 Jews in Miami Beach at one point" declining to "around 19,000 in 2014". The decline was motivated partly by "increasing prices during the art deco movement and an increase in crime and changing cultural demographics".[29]

In 1980 however, 62 percent of the population of Miami Beach was still Jewish. During the 1980s many of the Jewish citizens left and moved to "Delray Beach, Lake Worth and Boca Raton".[30] During the 1990s, South Beach transformed into a home of the fashion industry and celebrities.[31] In 1999, there were only 10,000 Jewish people living in Miami Beach.[32][33]

Timeline

Timeline of Miami Beach, Florida

Culture

 
St. Patrick Catholic Church, Miami Beach
 
Hotel at 19th and Collins in 1973

South Beach (also known as SoBe, or simply the Beach), the area from Biscayne Street (also known as South Pointe Drive) one block south of 1st Street to about 23rd Street, is one of the more popular areas of Miami Beach. Although topless sunbathing by women has not been officially legalized, female toplessness is tolerated on South Beach and in a few hotel pools on Miami Beach.[42][43] Before the TV show Miami Vice helped make the area popular, SoBe was under urban blight, with vacant buildings and a high crime rate. Today, it is considered one of the richest commercial areas on the beach, yet poverty and crime still remain in some places near the area.[44]

Miami Beach, particularly Ocean Drive of what is now the Art Deco District, was also featured prominently in the 1983 feature film Scarface and the 1996 comedy The Birdcage.

Lincoln Road, running east–west parallel between 16th and 17th Streets, is a nationally known spot for outdoor dining and shopping and features galleries of well known designers, artists and photographers such as Romero Britto, Peter Lik, and Jonathan Adler.[citation needed]. In 2015, the Miami Beach residents passed a law forbidding bicycling, rollerblading, skateboarding and other motorized vehicles on Lincoln Road during busy pedestrian hours between 9:00 am and 2:00 am.[45]

Historic preservation

 
Map of Miami Beach historic districts as of January 17, 2018.
 
Many Art Deco style hotels are located on Ocean Drive

By the 1970s, jet travel had enabled vacationers from the northern parts of the US to travel to the Caribbean and other warm-weather climates in the winter. Miami Beach's economy suffered. Elderly retirees, many with little money, dominated the population of South Beach.[46]

To help revive the area, city planners and developers sought to bulldoze many of the aging art deco buildings that were built in the 1930s. By one count, the city had over 800 art deco buildings within its borders.[46]

In 1976, Barbara Baer Capitman and a group of fellow activists formed the Miami Design Preservation League (MDPL) to try to halt the destruction of the historic buildings in South Beach.[46] After battling local developers and Washington DC bureaucrats, MDPL prevailed in its quest to have the Miami Beach Art Deco District named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. While the recognition did not offer protection for the buildings from demolition, it succeeded in drawing attention to the plight of the buildings.[47]

Due in part to the newfound awareness of the art deco buildings, vacationers, tourists and TV, and movie crews were drawn to South Beach. Investors began to rehabilitate hotels, restaurants and apartment buildings in the area.[48]

Despite the enthusiasm for the historic buildings by many, there were no real protections for historic buildings. As wrecking crews threatened buildings, MDPL members protested by holding marches and candlelight vigils. In one case, protestors stood in front of a hotel blocking bulldozers as they approached a hotel.[49]

After many years of effort, the Miami Beach city commission created the first two historic preservation districts in 1986. The districts covered Espanola Way and most of Ocean Drive and Collins Avenue in South Beach. The designation of the districts helped protect buildings from demolition and created standards for renovation.[50]

While some developers continued to focus on demolition, several investors like Tony Goldman and Ian Schrager bought art deco hotels and transformed them into world famous hot spots in the ‘80s and ‘90s. Among the celebrities that frequented Miami Beach were Madonna, Sylvester Stallone, Cher, Oprah Winfrey and Gianni Versace.[51]

Additional historic districts were created in 1992. The new districts covered Lincoln Road, Collins Avenue between 16th and 22nd Streets and the area around the Bass Museum.[52] In 2005, the city began the process of protecting the mid-century buildings on Collins Avenue between 43rd to 53rd Streets including the Fontainebleau and Eden Roc Hotels.[53] Several North Beach neighborhoods were designated as historic in 2018. A large collection of MiMo (Miami Modern) buildings can be found in the area.[54]

The Arts

Jackie Gleason hosted his Jackie Gleason and His American Scene Magazine (September 29, 1962 – June 4, 1966) television show, after moving it from New York to Miami Beach in 1964, reportedly because he liked year-round access to the golf course at the nearby Inverrary Country Club in Lauderhill (where he built his final home). His closing line became, almost invariably, "As always, the Miami Beach audience is the greatest audience in the world!" In the Fall 1966 television season, he abandoned the American Scene Magazine format and converted the show into a standard variety hour with guest performers. The show was renamed The Jackie Gleason Show, lasting from September 17, 1966 – September 12, 1970. He started the 1966–1967 season with new, color episodes of The Honeymooners, with Sheila MacRae and Jane Kean as Alice Kramden and Trixie Norton, respectively. The regular cast included Art Carney as Ed Norton; Milton Berle was a frequent guest star. The show was shot in color on videotape at the Miami Beach Auditorium (later renamed the Jackie Gleason Theatre of the Performing Arts), now known as Fillmore Miami Beach, and Gleason never tired of promoting the "sun and fun capital of the world" on camera. CBS canceled the series in 1970.

Each December, the City of Miami Beach hosts Art Basel Miami Beach, one of the largest art shows in the United States. Art Basel Miami Beach, the sister event to the Art Basel event held each June in Basel, Switzerland, combines an international selection of top galleries with a program of special exhibitions, parties and crossover events featuring music, film, architecture, and design. Exhibition sites are located in the city's Art Deco District, and ancillary events are scattered throughout the greater Miami metropolitan area.

The first Art Basel Miami Beach was held in 2002.[55] In 2016, about 77,000 people attended the fair.[56] The 2017 show featured about 250 galleries at the Miami Beach Convention Center.[57]

Miami Beach is home to the New World Symphony, established in 1987 under the artistic direction of Michael Tilson Thomas. In January 2011, the New World Symphony made a highly publicized move into the New World Center building designed by Canadian American Pritzker Prize-winning architect Frank Gehry. Gehry is famous for his design of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California. The new Gehry building offers Live Wallcasts™,[58] which allow visitors to experience select events throughout the season at the half-acre, outdoor Miami Beach SoundScape through the use of visual and audio technology on a 7,000 sq ft (650 m2) projection wall.

Miami beach is also home to Miami New Drama, the resident theater company at the historic Colony Theatre on Lincoln Road. The regional theater company was founded in 2016 by Venezuelan playwright and director, Michel Hausmann, and playwright, director, and Medal of the Arts winner,[59] Moises Kaufman.[60] In October 2016, Miami New Drama took over operations of the Colony Theatre,[61] and since then, the 417-seat Art Deco venue hosts Miami New Drama's theatrical season as well as other live events.[62]

The Miami City Ballet, a ballet company founded in 1985, is housed in a 63,000 sq ft (5,900 m2) building near Miami Beach's Bass Museum of Art.

The Miami Beach Festival of the Arts is an annual outdoor art festival that was begun in 1974.

Jewish community

Miami Beach is home to several Orthodox Jewish communities with a network of well-established synagogues and yeshivas, the first of which being the Landow Yeshiva, a Chabad institution in operation for over 30 years. There is also a liberal Jewish community containing such famous synagogues as Temple Emanu-El, Temple Beth Shalom and Cuban Hebrew Congregation. Miami Beach is also a magnet for Jewish families, retirees, and particularly snowbirds when the cold winter sets into the north. These visitors range from the Modern Orthodox to the Haredi and Hasidic – including many rebbes who vacation there during the North American winter. Till his death in 1991, the Nobel laureate writer Isaac Bashevis Singer lived in the northern end of Miami Beach and breakfasted often at Sheldon's drugstore on Harding Avenue.

There are many kosher restaurants and even kollels for post-graduate Talmudic scholars, such as the Miami Beach Community Kollel. Miami Beach had roughly 60,000 people in Jewish households, 62 percent of the total population in 1982, but only 16,500, or 19 percent of the population in 2004, said Ira Sheskin, a demographer at the University of Miami who conducts surveys once a decade.[citation needed] The Miami Beach Jewish community had decreased in size by 1994 due to migration to wealthier areas and aging of the population.[63]

Miami Beach is home to the Holocaust Memorial of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation.

LGBT community

Main article: LGBT culture in Miami

Miami Beach has been regarded as a gay mecca for decades as well as being one of the most LGBT friendly cities in the United States. Miami Beach is home to numerous gay bars and gay-specific events, and five service and resource organizations. After decades of economic and social decline, an influx of gays and lesbians moving to South Beach in the late-1980s to mid-1990s contributed to Miami Beach's revitalization. The newcomers purchased and restored dilapidated Art Deco hotels and clubs, started numerous businesses and built political power in city and county government.[64]

The passage of progressive civil rights laws,[64] election of outspokenly pro-gay Miami Beach Mayor Matti Bower, and the introduction of Miami Beach's Gay Pride Celebration, have reinvigorated the local LGBT community in recent years, which some argued had experienced a decline in the late 2000s.[65] In January 2010, Miami Beach passed a revised Human Rights Ordinance that strengthens enforcement of already existing human rights laws and adds protections for transgender people,[66] making Miami Beach's human rights laws some of the most progressive in the state.[64]

Miami Beach Pride has gained prominence since it first started in 2009, there has been an increase in attendance every year. In 2013 there were more than 80,000 people who participated to now more than 130,000 people that participate in the festivities every year.[67] It has also attracted many celebrities such as Chaz Bono,[68] Adam Lambert,[69] Gloria Estefan, Mario Lopez, and Elvis Duran who were Grand Marshals for Pride Weekend from 2012 through 2016[67][70] respectively. There are over 125 businesses who are LGBT supportive that sponsor Miami Beach Pride.

Geography

 
South Beach in March 2008

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.7 sq mi (48.5 km2), of which 7.0 sq mi (18.2 km2) is land and 11.7 sq mi (30.2 km2) (62.37%) is water.

Elevation and tidal flooding

 
Sign near a project to raise the elevation of a roadway in South Beach
 
A high tide flood into a semi below grade carpark on the west side of South Beach, October 2016

Miami Beach encounters tidal flooding of certain roads during the annual king tides,[71] though some tidal flooding has been the case for decades,[72] as the parts of the western side of South Beach[73] are at virtually 0 ft (0 m) above normal high tide,[74] with the entire city averaging only 4.4 ft (1.3 m) above mean sea level (AMSL).[75] However, a recent study by the University of Miami showed that tidal flooding became much more common from the mid-2000s.[76] The fall 2015 king tides exceeded expectations in longevity and height.[77] Traditional sea level rise and storm mitigation measures including sea walls and dykes, such as those in the Netherlands and New Orleans, may not work in South Florida due to the porous nature of the ground and limestone beneath the surface.[73]

In addition to present difficulty with below-grade development, some areas of southern Florida, especially Miami Beach, are beginning to engineer specifically for sea level rise and other potential effects of climate change. This includes a five-year, US$500 million project for the installation of 60 to 80 pumps, building of taller sea walls, planting of red mangrove trees along the sea walls, and the physical raising of road tarmac levels,[78] as well as possible zoning and building code changes, which could eventually lead to retrofitting of existing and historic properties. Some streets and sidewalks were raised about 2.5 ft (0.76 m) over previous levels;[72] the four initial pumps installed in 2014 are capable of pumping 4,000 US gallons per minute.[79] However, this plan is not without criticism. Some residents worry that the efforts will not be sufficient to successfully adapt to rising sea levels and wish the city had pursued a more aggressive plan. On the other hand, some worry that the city is moving too quickly with untested solutions. Others yet have voiced concerns that the plan protects big-money interests in Miami Beach.[80] Pump failures such as during construction or power outages, including a Tropical Storm Emily-related rain flood on August 1, 2017, can cause great unexpected flooding. Combined with the higher roads and sidewalks, this leaves unchanged properties relatively lower and prone to inundation.[81]

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Miami Beach has a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Like much of Florida, there is a marked wet and dry season in Miami Beach. The tropical rainy season runs from May through October, when showers and late day thunderstorms are common. The dry season is from November through April, when few showers, sunshine, and low humidity prevail. The island location of Miami Beach, however, creates fewer convective thunderstorms, so Miami Beach receives less rainfall in a given year than neighboring areas such as Miami and Fort Lauderdale. Proximity to the moderating influence of the Atlantic gives Miami Beach lower high temperatures and higher lows than inland areas of Florida. Miami Beach is in hardiness zone 11a, with an annual mean minimum temperature of 43 °F (6 °C). Miami Beach has never reported temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F).

Miami Beach's location on the Atlantic Ocean, near its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico, make it extraordinarily vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms. Miami has experienced several direct hits from major hurricanes in recorded weather history – the 1906 Florida Keys hurricane, 1926 Miami hurricane, 1935 Yankee hurricane, 1941 Florida hurricane, 1948 Miami Hurricane, 1950 Hurricane King and 1964 Hurricane Cleo, the area has seen indirect contact from hurricanes: 1945 Homestead Hurricane, Betsy (1965), Inez (1966), Andrew (1992), Irene (1999), Michelle (2001), Katrina (2005), Wilma (2005), and Irma (2017).

Climate data for Miami Beach, Florida, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1927–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 87
(31) 		89
(32) 		92
(33) 		95
(35) 		98
(37) 		97
(36) 		98
(37) 		98
(37) 		96
(36) 		95
(35) 		92
(33) 		89
(32) 		98
(37)
Average high °F (°C) 73.6
(23.1) 		74.8
(23.8) 		76.5
(24.7) 		79.6
(26.4) 		82.7
(28.2) 		86.0
(30.0) 		87.8
(31.0) 		88.1
(31.2) 		87.0
(30.6) 		83.7
(28.7) 		78.9
(26.1) 		76.1
(24.5) 		81.2
(27.3)
Daily mean °F (°C) 67.4
(19.7) 		69.0
(20.6) 		70.9
(21.6) 		74.7
(23.7) 		78.2
(25.7) 		81.3
(27.4) 		82.9
(28.3) 		83.1
(28.4) 		82.1
(27.8) 		79.0
(26.1) 		73.8
(23.2) 		70.3
(21.3) 		76.1
(24.5)
Average low °F (°C) 61.2
(16.2) 		63.3
(17.4) 		65.2
(18.4) 		69.8
(21.0) 		73.6
(23.1) 		76.5
(24.7) 		78.0
(25.6) 		78.1
(25.6) 		77.2
(25.1) 		74.4
(23.6) 		68.6
(20.3) 		64.6
(18.1) 		70.9
(21.6)
Record low °F (°C) 32
(0) 		37
(3) 		32
(0) 		46
(8) 		58
(14) 		58
(14) 		66
(19) 		67
(19) 		67
(19) 		54
(12) 		39
(4) 		32
(0) 		32
(0)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.33
(59) 		2.27
(58) 		2.47
(63) 		3.44
(87) 		4.94
(125) 		7.76
(197) 		5.98
(152) 		7.51
(191) 		8.45
(215) 		6.49
(165) 		3.29
(84) 		2.25
(57) 		57.18
(1,452)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.8 5.3 6.0 6.4 8.3 13.5 12.3 13.4 14.5 11.6 7.6 5.9 111.6
Source: NOAA[82][83]

Water temperature

Average coastal water temperature for the Atlantic Ocean based on historical measurements.[84]
January 71 °F (21.7 °C) May 1–15 80 °F (26.7 °C) July 16–31 86 °F (30.0 °C) October 1–15 83 °F (28.3 °C)
February 73 °F (22.8 °C) May 16–31 81 °F (27.2 °C) August 1–15 86 °F (30.0 °C) October 16–31 79 °F (26.1 °C)
March 75 °F (23.9 °C) June 1–15 84 °F (28.9 °C) August 16–31 84 °F (28.9 °C) November 76 °F (24.4 °C)
April 1–15 78 °F (25.6 °C) June 16–30 85 °F (29.4 °C) September 1–15 84 °F (28.9 °C) December 73 °F (22.8 °C)
April 16–30 78 °F (25.6 °C) July 1–15 86 °F (30.0 °C) September 16–30 83 °F (28.3 °C)

Surrounding areas

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1920644—
19306,494908.4%
194028,012331.4%
195046,28265.2%
196063,14536.4%
197087,07237.9%
198096,29810.6%
199092,639−3.8%
200087,933−5.1%
201087,779−0.2%
202082,890−5.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[85]

2020 census

Miami Beach racial composition
(Hispanics excluded from racial categories)
(NH = Non-Hispanic)[86]
Race Number Percentage
White (NH) 33,274 40.14%
Black or African American (NH) 2,201 2.66%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 76 0.09%
Asian (NH) 1,606 0.74%
Pacific Islander (NH) 22 0.03%
Some Other Race (NH) 841 1.01%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) 2,894 3.49%
Hispanic or Latino 41,976 50.64%
Total 82,890

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 82,890 people, 40,084 households, and 21,028 families residing in the city.

2020 census

Miami Beach demographics
2020 Census Miami Beach Miami-Dade County Florida
Total population 82,890 2,701,767 21,538,187
Population, percent change, 2010 to 2020 –5.6% +8.2% +14.6%
Population density 10,774.73/sq mi 1,492.9/sq mi 384.3/sq mi
White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic) 87.4% (2010) 73.8% 75.0%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) 40.14% (2020) 15.4% 57.9%
Black or African-American 2.66% (2020) 18.9% 16.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 50.64% (2020) 65.0% 22.5%
Asian 1.94% (2020) 1.5% 2.4%
Native American or Native Alaskan 0.09% (2020) 0.2% 0.4%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0.03% (2020) 0.0% 0.1%
Two or more races (Multiracial) 4.51% (2020) 2.4% 2.5%
Some Other Race 0.00% (2020) 3.2% 3.6%

As of 2010, those of Hispanic or Latino ancestry accounted for 53.0% of Miami Beach's population. Out of the 53.0%, 20.0% were Cuban, 4.9% Colombian, 4.6% Argentine, 3.7% Puerto Rican, 2.4% Peruvian, 2.1% Venezuelan, 1.8% Mexican, 1.7% Honduran, 1.6% Guatemalan, 1.4% Dominican, 1.1% Uruguayan, 1.1% Spaniard, 1.0% Nicaraguan, 0.9% Ecuadorian and 0.8% were Chilean.[87]

As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 4.4% of Miami Beach's population, which includes African Americans. Out of the 4.4%, 1.3% were Black Hispanics, 0.8% were Subsaharan African, and 0.8% were West Indian or Afro-Caribbean American (0.3% Jamaican, 0.3% Haitian, 0.1% Other or Unspecified West Indian, 0.1% Trinidadian and Tobagonian.)[87][88][89][90]

As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 40.5% of Miami Beach's population. Out of the 40.5%, 9.0% Italian, 6.0% German, 3.8% were Irish, 3.8% Russian, 3.7% French, 3.4% Polish, 3.0% English, 1.2% Hungarian, 0.7% Swedish, 0.6% Scottish, 0.5% Portuguese, 0.5% Dutch, 0.5% Scotch-Irish, and 0.5% were Norwegian.[88][89]

As of 2010, those of Asian ancestry accounted for 1.9% of Miami Beach's population. Out of the 1.9%, 0.6% were Indian, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Other Asian, 0.3% Chinese, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% Korean, and 0.1% were Vietnamese.[88]

In 2010, 2.8% of the population considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity), and 1.5% were of Arab ancestry (with the majority of them being of Palestinian and Lebanese descent), as of 2010.[88][89]

As of 2010, there were 67,499 households, while 30.1% were vacant. 13.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.3% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 61.1% were non-families. 49.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older (4.0% male and 8.0% female.) The average household size was 1.84 and the average family size was 2.70.[88][91]

In 2010, the city population was spread out, with 12.8% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 38.0% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.0 males.[88][91]

As of 2010, the median income for a household in the city was $43,538, and the median income for a family was $52,104. Males had a median income of $42,605 versus $36,269 for females. The per capita income for the city was $40,515. About 10.9% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 27.5% of those aged 65 or over.[92]

In 2010, 51.7% of the city's population was foreign-born. Of foreign-born residents, 76.9% were born in Latin America and 13.6% were born in Europe, with smaller percentages from North America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.[89]

As of 2000, speakers of Spanish at home accounted for 54.90% of residents, while those who spoke exclusively English made up 32.76%. Speakers of Portuguese were 3.38%, French 1.66%, German 1.12%, Italian 1.00%, and Russian 0.85% of the population. Due to the large Jewish community, Yiddish was spoken at the home of 0.81% of the population, and Hebrew was the mother tongue of 0.75%.[93]

As of 2000, Miami Beach had the 22nd highest concentration of Cuban residents in the United States, at 20.51% of the population.[94] It had the 28th highest percentage of Colombian residents, at 4.40% of the city's population,[95] and was tied with two other locations for the 14th highest percentage of Brazilian residents, at 2.20% of its population.[96] It also had the 27th largest concentration of Peruvian ancestry, at 1.85%,[97] and the 27th highest percentage of people of Venezuelan heritage, at 1.79%.[98] Miami Beach also has the 33rd highest concentration of Honduran ancestry at 1.21%[99] and the 41st highest percentage of Nicaraguan residents, which made up 1.03% of the population.[100]

Transportation

See also: Transportation in South Florida § Sea level-related engineering

Public Transportation in Miami Beach is operated by Miami-Dade Transit (MDT). Along with neighborhoods such as Downtown and Brickell, public transit is heavily used in Miami Beach and is a vital part of city life. Although Miami Beach has no direct Metrorail stations, numerous Metrobus lines connect to Downtown Miami and Metrorail (i.e., the 'S' bus line). The South Beach Local (SBL) is one of the most heavily used lines in Miami and connects all major points of South Beach to other major bus lines in the city. Metrobus ridership in Miami Beach is high, with some of the routes such as the L and S being the busiest Metrobus routes.[101]

The Airport-Beach Express (Route 150), operated by MDT, is a direct-service bus line that connects Miami International Airport to major points in South Beach. The ride costs $2.65, and runs every 30 minutes from 6:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. seven days a week.[102]

Bicycling

Since the late 20th century, cycling has grown in popularity in Miami Beach. Due to its dense, urban nature, and pedestrian-friendly streets, many Miami Beach residents get around by bicycle.

In March 2011 a public bicycle sharing system named Decobike was launched, one of only a handful of such programs in the United States. The program is operated by a private corporation, Decobike, LLC, but is partnered with the City of Miami Beach in a revenue-sharing model.[103] Once fully implemented, the program hopes to have around 1000 bikes accessible from 100 stations throughout Miami Beach, from around 85th Street on the north side of Miami Beach all the way south to South Pointe Park.[104]

Education

Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Miami Beach.

Private schools include Rabbi Alexander S. Gross Hebrew Academy, St. Patrick Catholic School, Landow Yeshiva – Lubavitch Educational Center (Klurman Mesivta High School for Boys and Beis Chana Middle and High School for Girls), and Mechina High School.[citation needed] The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami operates St. Patrick Catholic School in Miami Beach. The archdiocese formerly operated Saint Joseph School in Miami Beach.[105]

In the early history of Miami Beach, there was one elementary school and the Ida M. Fisher junior-senior high school.[106] The building of Miami Beach High was constructed in 1926, and classes began in 1928.[107]

Colleges and universities

The Florida International University School of Architecture has a sister campus at 420 Lincoln Road in South Beach, with classroom spaces for FIU architecture, art, music and theater graduate students.[108]

Other Colleges include:

Neighborhoods

 
A portion of the southern part of the South Beach skyline as seen from Biscayne Bay. Photo: Marc Averette
 
The northernmost section of the city, known as North Beach
 
Miami Beach skyline at night from the ocean

South Beach

Mid-Beach

North Beach

Points of interest

 
The Fillmore, April 2011

Notable people

Sister cities

See also: List of sister cities in Florida

Miami Beach has 12 sister cities[111]

Tourism

The City of Miami Beach accounts for more than half of tourism to Miami Dade County. Of the 15.86 million people staying in the county in 2017, 58.5% lodged in Miami Beach. Resort taxes account for over 10% of the city's operating budget, providing $83 million in the fiscal year 2016–2017. On average, the city's resort tax revenue grows by three to five percent annually. Miami Beach hosts 13.3 million visitors each year. In fiscal year 2016/2017, Miami Beach had over 26,600 hotel rooms. Average occupancy in fiscal year 2015/2016 was 76.4% and 78.5% in fiscal year 2016/2017.[114] Mayor Harold Rosen is credited with beginning the revitalization of Miami Beach when he notably abolished rent control in 1976, a move that was highly controversial at the time.[115][116]

The Miami Beach Visitor and Convention Authority

The Miami Beach Visitor and Convention Authority is a seven-member board, appointed by the City of Miami Beach Commission. The authority, established in 1967 by the State of Florida legislature, is the official marketing and public relations organization for the city, to support its tourism industry.[117]

See also

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Bibliography

  • Miami City Directory, including Miami Beach and Coconut Grove. R.L. Polk & Co. 1919.
    • 1920 ed.
  • Federal Writers’ Project (1939). "Miami Beach". Florida: a Guide to the Southernmost State. American Guide Series. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Ruby Leach Carson (1955). "Forty Years of Miami Beach" (PDF). Tequesta. Historical Association of Southern Florida. ISSN 0363-3705 – via Florida International University.  
  • Abraham D. Lavender (2002). Miami Beach in 1920: The Making of a Winter Resort. Arcadia. ISBN 978-0-7385-2351-4.
  • Seth Bramson (2005). Miami Beach. Images of America. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia. ISBN 9780738541747.
  • Paul T. Hellmann (2006). "Florida: Miami Beach". Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1-135-94859-3.
  • Patricia Kennedy (2006). Miami Beach. Arcadia Publishing, Images of America series, 2006. ISBN 9780738524818.
  • Carolyn Klepser (2014). Lost Miami Beach. Charleston, South Carolina: History Press. ISBN 978-1-62584-959-5.

Gallery

External links

Official sites

  • City of Miami Beach

Photos

  • Miami Beach Architecture Photos
  • From the State Library & Archives of Florida

Other

  • Miami Design Preservation League – Non-profit Organization for the preservation of Miami Beach Architectural History
  • "(Miami Beach)". Florida Memory. Florida Department of State, Division of Library and Information Services.
  • Items related to Miami Beach, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
  • Harris, Alex. “Miami Beach Is Waging War on Sea Rise. One Idea: Turn a Golf Course into Wetlands.” Miamiherald, Miami Herald, 20 Sept. 2019, Wildflower Preserve - Lemon Bay Conservancy. Wildflower Preserve.

Wood, Travis. “As Hundreds of Golf Courses Close, Nature Gets a Chance to Make a Comeback.” Ensia, As hundreds of golf courses close, nature gets a chance to make a comeback.

January 10, 2023
miami, beach, florida, miami, beach, redirects, here, beach, barbados, miami, beach, barbados, also, south, beach, beach, north, beach, miami, beach, miami, beach, coastal, resort, city, miami, dade, county, florida, incorporated, march, 1915, municipality, lo. Miami Beach redirects here For the beach in Barbados see Miami Beach Barbados See also South Beach Mid Beach and North Beach Miami Beach Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami Dade County Florida It was incorporated on March 26 1915 5 The municipality is located on natural and man made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay the latter of which separates the Beach from the mainland city of Miami The neighborhood of South Beach comprising the southernmost 2 5 sq mi 6 5 km2 of Miami Beach along with Downtown Miami and the PortMiami collectively form the commercial center of South Florida 6 Miami Beach s population is 82 890 according to the 2020 census 7 Miami Beach is the 26th largest city in Florida based on official 2019 estimates from the U S Census Bureau 8 It has been one of America s pre eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century Miami Beach FloridaCitySouthern portion of Miami Beach with Downtown Miami in the background 2006SealLocation in Miami Dade County and the state of FloridaU S Census Bureau map showing city limitsCoordinates 25 48 50 N 80 07 57 W 25 81389 N 80 13250 W 25 81389 80 13250 Coordinates 25 48 50 N 80 07 57 W 25 81389 N 80 13250 W 25 81389 80 13250Country United StatesState FloridaCountyMiami DadeIncorporatedMarch 26 1915Named forMiami RiverGovernment TypeCommission Manager MayorDan Gelber 1 Vice MayorSteven Meiner City ManagerAlina T Hudak City ClerkRafael E GranadoArea 2 City15 22 sq mi 39 42 km2 Land7 69 sq mi 19 92 km2 Water7 53 sq mi 19 49 km2 62 37 Elevation4 ft 1 2 m Population 2020 City82 890 Density10 774 73 sq mi 4 160 38 km2 Metro5 564 635Time zoneUTC 5 EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT Zip codes33109 33139 33140 33141 Area code s 305 786FIPS code12 45025 3 GNIS feature ID286750 4 Websitemiamibeachfl govIn 1979 Miami Beach s Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world 9 and comprises hundreds of hotels apartments and other structures erected between 1923 and 1943 Mediterranean Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East Lenox Court on the West 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North The movement to preserve the Art Deco District s architectural heritage was led by former interior designer Barbara Baer Capitman who now has a street in the District named in her honor Miami Beach is the city in the United States most immediately threatened by climate driven sea level rise and flooding Extensive expensive and sometimes controversial efforts are underway to address the problem so far as possible Contents 1 Government 2 History 2 1 Timeline 3 Culture 3 1 Historic preservation 3 2 The Arts 3 3 Jewish community 3 4 LGBT community 4 Geography 4 1 Elevation and tidal flooding 5 Climate 5 1 Water temperature 5 2 Surrounding areas 6 Demographics 6 1 2020 census 6 2 2020 census 7 Transportation 7 1 Bicycling 8 Education 9 Colleges and universities 10 Neighborhoods 10 1 South Beach 10 2 Mid Beach 10 3 North Beach 11 Points of interest 12 Notable people 13 Sister cities 14 Tourism 14 1 The Miami Beach Visitor and Convention Authority 15 See also 16 References 17 Bibliography 18 Gallery 19 External links 19 1 Official sites 19 2 Photos 19 3 OtherGovernment EditMiami Beach is governed by a ceremonial mayor and six commissioners Although the mayor runs commission meetings the mayor and all commissioners have equal voting power and are elected by popular election The mayor serves for terms of two years with a term limit of three terms and commissioners serve for terms of four years and are limited to two terms Commissioners are voted for citywide and every two years three commission seats are voted upon A city manager is responsible for administering governmental operations An appointed city manager is responsible for administration of the city 10 The City Clerk and the City Attorney are also appointed officials History EditIn 1870 father and son Henry and Charles Lum purchased land on Miami Beach for 75 cents an acre The first structure to be built on this uninhabited oceanfront was the Biscayne House of Refuge constructed in 1876 by the United States Life Saving Service through an executive order issued by President Ulysses S Grant 11 at approximately 72nd Street Its purpose was to provide food water and a return to civilization for people who were shipwrecked The structure which had fallen into disuse by the time the Life Saving Service became the U S Coast Guard in 1915 was destroyed in the 1926 Miami Hurricane and never rebuilt John S Collins founding developer of Miami Beach Opening of the Collins Bridge 1913 then the longest wooden bridge in the world The next step in the development of the future Miami Beach was the planting of a coconut plantation along the shore in the 1880s by New Jersey entrepreneurs Ezra Osborn and Elnathan T Field but this was a failed venture 12 One of the investors in the project was agriculturist John S Collins who achieved success by buying out other partners and planting different crops notably avocados on the land that would later become Miami Beach In fact the pine trees on today s Pinetree Drive served as an erosion buffer for Collins plantations 13 Meanwhile across Biscayne Bay the City of Miami was established in 1896 with the arrival of the railroad and developed further as a port when the shipping channel of Government Cut was created in 1905 cutting off Fisher Island from the south end of the Miami Beach peninsula Collins family members saw the potential in developing the beach as a resort This effort got underway in the early years of the 20th century by the Collins Pancoast family the Lummus brothers bankers from Miami and Indianapolis entrepreneur Carl G Fisher Until then the beach here was only the destination for day trips by ferry from Miami across the bay By 1912 Collins and Pancoast were working together to clear the land plant crops supervise the construction of canals to get their avocado crop to market and set up the Miami Beach Improvement Company 14 There were bathhouses and food stands but no hotel until Brown s Hotel was built in 1915 still standing at 112 Ocean Drive Much of the interior landmass at that time was a tangled jungle of mangroves Clearing it deepening the channels and water bodies and eliminating native growth almost everywhere in favor of landfill for development was expensive Once a 1600 acre jungle matted sand bar three miles out in the Atlantic it grew to 2 800 acres when dredging and filling operations were completed 15 Carl G Fisher in 1909 With loans from the Lummus brothers Collins had begun work on a 2 mile long wooden bridge the world s longest wooden bridge at the time to connect the island to the mainland When funds ran dry and construction work stalled Indianapolis millionaire and recent Miami transplant Fisher intervened providing the financing needed to complete the Collins Bridge the following year in return for a land swap deal 14 That transaction kicked off the island s first real estate boom The Collins Bridge cost over 150 000 16 and opened on June 12 1913 17 Fisher helped by organizing an annual speed boat regatta and by promoting Miami Beach as an Atlantic City style playground and winter retreat for the wealthy By 1915 Lummus Collins Pancoast and Fisher were all living in mansions on the island three hotels and two bathhouses had been erected an aquarium built and an 18 hole golf course landscaped The Town of Miami Beach was chartered on March 26 1915 it grew to become a City in 1917 Even after the town was incorporated in 1915 under the name of Miami Beach many visitors thought of the beach strip as Alton Beach indicating just how well Fisher had advertised his interests there The Lummus property was called Ocean Beach with only the Collins interests previously referred to as Miami Beach 5 In 1925 the Collins Bridge was replaced by the Venetian Causeway described as a series of drawbridges and renamed the Venetian Causeway 16 Aerial view of the Flamingo Hotel circa 1922 Carl Fisher was the main promoter of Miami Beach s development in the 1920s as the site for wealthy industrialists from the north and Midwest to and build their winter homes here Many other Northerners were targeted to vacation on the island To accommodate the wealthy tourists several grand hotels were built among them The Flamingo Hotel The Fleetwood Hotel The Floridian The Nautilus and the Roney Plaza Hotel In the 1920s Fisher and others created much of Miami Beach as landfill by dredging Biscayne Bay this man made territory includes Star Palm and Hibiscus Islands the Sunset Islands much of Normandy Isle and all of the Venetian Islands except Belle Isle The Miami Beach peninsula became an island in April 1925 when Haulover Cut was opened connecting the ocean to the bay north of present day Bal Harbour The great 1926 Miami hurricane put an end to this prosperous era of the Florida Boom but in the 1930s Miami Beach still attracted tourists and investors constructed the mostly small scale stucco hotels and rooming houses for seasonal rental that comprise much of the present Art Deco historic district Roller skating waitresses at Roney Plaza Hotel 1939 Carl Fisher brought Steve Hannagan to Miami Beach in 1925 as his chief publicist 18 Hannagan set up the Miami Beach News Bureau and notified news editors that they could Print anything you want about Miami Beach just make sure you get our name right 19 The News Bureau sent thousands of pictures of bathing beauties and press releases to columnists like Walter Winchell and Ed Sullivan 19 One of Hannagan s favorite venues was a billboard in Times Square New York City where he ran two taglines It s always June in Miami Beach and Miami Beach Where Summer Spends the Winter 20 Anti semitism was rampant in the 1920s and into the 30s Developer Carl Fisher would sell property only to gentiles so Jews were required to live south of Fifth Street As recently as the 1930s hotels refused to accept Jews 21 As the 1930s developed the dismantling on Miami Beach of restrictive barriers to Jewish ownership of real estate was underway many Jews bought properties from others 22 Only a few beach area were open to buildings by Jews in 1947 when Temple Emanu El was built By the 1940s and 50s an increasing number of Jewish families built hotels The first skyscraper was the 18 story Lord Tarleton Hotel built in 1940 by Samuel Jacobs The Jewish mobster Meyer Lansky who ran some carpet joints gambling operations in Florida by 1936 23 and eventually controlled casinos in Cuba and Las Vegas retired in Miami and died in Miami Beach 24 25 Temple Menorah developed from an earlier Jewish Center built in 1951 During the Second World War Jewish doctors were not granted staff privileges at any area hospitals so the community built Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami on Miami Beach 22 The North Shore Jewish Center was built in 1951 and became Temple Menorah after an expansion in 1963 26 Post World War II economic expansion brought a wave of immigrants to South Florida from the Northern United States which significantly increased the population in Miami Beach within a few decades After Fidel Castro s rise to power in 1959 a wave of Cuban refugees entered South Florida and dramatically changed the demographic make up of the area In 2017 one study named zip code 33109 Fisher Island a 216 acre island located just south of Miami Beach as having the 4th most expensive home sales and the highest average annual income 2 5 million in 2015 27 The sun and warm climate attracted many Jewish families and retirees One estimate states that 20 000 elderly Jews were part of the population of the beach in the late 1970s 28 In a 2017 interview a demographer from the University of Miami estimated that there might have been as many as 70 000 Jews in Miami Beach at one point declining to around 19 000 in 2014 The decline was motivated partly by increasing prices during the art deco movement and an increase in crime and changing cultural demographics 29 In 1980 however 62 percent of the population of Miami Beach was still Jewish During the 1980s many of the Jewish citizens left and moved to Delray Beach Lake Worth and Boca Raton 30 During the 1990s South Beach transformed into a home of the fashion industry and celebrities 31 In 1999 there were only 10 000 Jewish people living in Miami Beach 32 33 Timeline Edit Timeline of Miami Beach Florida1896 City of Miami founded with the recent arrival extension Henry Flagler s FEC railroad 1905 Government Cut manmade shipping channel created separating Miami Beach and Fisher Island 1912 Miami Beach Improvement Company founded 5 1913 Collins Bridge now Venetian Causeway first bridge between Miami and Miami Beach built 34 1915 Miami Beach incorporated 35 John Newton Lummus becomes first mayor of Miami Beach 5 Brown s Hotel first hotel built in Miami Beach still standing today at 112 Ocean Drive 1920 Population 644 County Causeway now MacArthur Causeway connecting Miami and Miami Beach opens 1925 Venetian Causeway opens Miami Beach becomes an island when the Haulover cut opens in April connecting the ocean to the bay just north of Bal Harbour Florida 1926 Miami Beach sustains significant damage from 1926 Miami hurricane 1928 Al Capone buys property in Miami Beach 34 1928 79th Street Causeway built to connect Miami Beach to Hialeah Park Race Track 36 1930 Population 6 494 1935 Many of the famous Art Deco hotels along current day Ocean Drive are built between 1935 and 1941 before the onset of WWII ends construction Colony 1935 Savoy Plaza 1935 The Tides 1936 Surf Hotel 1936 Beacon 1936 Cavalier 1936 Leslie 1937 Park Central 1937 Barbizon 1937 Waldorf Towers 1937 Victor 1937 Clevelander 1938 Crescent 1938 Carlyle 1939 Cardozo 1939 Winterhaven 1939 Bentley 1939 Breakwater 1939 Imperial 1939 Majestic 1940 Avalon 1941 Betsy Ross Hotel 1941 St Charles 1941 Clyde Hotel 1941 1937 WKAT radio begins broadcasting 37 1940 Population 28 012 1954 Fontainebleau Hotel in business 1958 Miami Beach Convention Center opens 1959 Miami International Airport dedicated near Miami Beach 38 1960 Population 63 145 1961 The Julia Tuttle Causeway between Miami and Miami Beach opens 1968 August 1968 Republican National Convention held in Miami Beach 1971 Annual South Florida Auto Show begins 1972 July 1972 Democratic National Convention held in Miami Beach 1972 August 1972 Republican National Convention held in Miami Beach 1973 February A mentally ill man firebombs a crowded cafeteria on Collins Avenue killing three people and injuring about 130 1977 September 35th World Science Fiction Convention held in Miami Beach 1979 Much of Miami South Beach area becomes a historic preservation zone 1984 Popular NBC TV show Miami Vice filmed in many locations in Miami and Miami Beach for five seasons between 1984 and 1989 1997 July 15 Fashion designer Gianni Versace killed at Casa Casuarina 34 2000 Blue and Green Diamond hi rises built 2001 Murano at Portofino hi rise built 2002 Annual international Art Basel Miami Beach art fair begins 39 Continuum hi rise built 2004 Setai Hotel and ICON hi rise built 2007 Matti Herrera Bower becomes mayor 2010 Population 87 779 40 41 2011 November 1 Miami Beach mayoral election 2011 held Bower stays in office 2013 Philip Levine becomes mayor 2015 November 3 Miami Beach mayoral election 2015 held Levine stays in office 2021 Miami becomes first city to buy Bitcoin Culture Edit St Patrick Catholic Church Miami Beach Hotel at 19th and Collins in 1973 South Beach also known as SoBe or simply the Beach the area from Biscayne Street also known as South Pointe Drive one block south of 1st Street to about 23rd Street is one of the more popular areas of Miami Beach Although topless sunbathing by women has not been officially legalized female toplessness is tolerated on South Beach and in a few hotel pools on Miami Beach 42 43 Before the TV show Miami Vice helped make the area popular SoBe was under urban blight with vacant buildings and a high crime rate Today it is considered one of the richest commercial areas on the beach yet poverty and crime still remain in some places near the area 44 Miami Beach particularly Ocean Drive of what is now the Art Deco District was also featured prominently in the 1983 feature film Scarface and the 1996 comedy The Birdcage Lincoln Road running east west parallel between 16th and 17th Streets is a nationally known spot for outdoor dining and shopping and features galleries of well known designers artists and photographers such as Romero Britto Peter Lik and Jonathan Adler citation needed In 2015 the Miami Beach residents passed a law forbidding bicycling rollerblading skateboarding and other motorized vehicles on Lincoln Road during busy pedestrian hours between 9 00 am and 2 00 am 45 Historic preservation Edit Map of Miami Beach historic districts as of January 17 2018 Many Art Deco style hotels are located on Ocean Drive By the 1970s jet travel had enabled vacationers from the northern parts of the US to travel to the Caribbean and other warm weather climates in the winter Miami Beach s economy suffered Elderly retirees many with little money dominated the population of South Beach 46 To help revive the area city planners and developers sought to bulldoze many of the aging art deco buildings that were built in the 1930s By one count the city had over 800 art deco buildings within its borders 46 In 1976 Barbara Baer Capitman and a group of fellow activists formed the Miami Design Preservation League MDPL to try to halt the destruction of the historic buildings in South Beach 46 After battling local developers and Washington DC bureaucrats MDPL prevailed in its quest to have the Miami Beach Art Deco District named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 While the recognition did not offer protection for the buildings from demolition it succeeded in drawing attention to the plight of the buildings 47 Due in part to the newfound awareness of the art deco buildings vacationers tourists and TV and movie crews were drawn to South Beach Investors began to rehabilitate hotels restaurants and apartment buildings in the area 48 Despite the enthusiasm for the historic buildings by many there were no real protections for historic buildings As wrecking crews threatened buildings MDPL members protested by holding marches and candlelight vigils In one case protestors stood in front of a hotel blocking bulldozers as they approached a hotel 49 After many years of effort the Miami Beach city commission created the first two historic preservation districts in 1986 The districts covered Espanola Way and most of Ocean Drive and Collins Avenue in South Beach The designation of the districts helped protect buildings from demolition and created standards for renovation 50 While some developers continued to focus on demolition several investors like Tony Goldman and Ian Schrager bought art deco hotels and transformed them into world famous hot spots in the 80s and 90s Among the celebrities that frequented Miami Beach were Madonna Sylvester Stallone Cher Oprah Winfrey and Gianni Versace 51 Additional historic districts were created in 1992 The new districts covered Lincoln Road Collins Avenue between 16th and 22nd Streets and the area around the Bass Museum 52 In 2005 the city began the process of protecting the mid century buildings on Collins Avenue between 43rd to 53rd Streets including the Fontainebleau and Eden Roc Hotels 53 Several North Beach neighborhoods were designated as historic in 2018 A large collection of MiMo Miami Modern buildings can be found in the area 54 The Arts Edit Jackie Gleason hosted his Jackie Gleason and His American Scene Magazine September 29 1962 June 4 1966 television show after moving it from New York to Miami Beach in 1964 reportedly because he liked year round access to the golf course at the nearby Inverrary Country Club in Lauderhill where he built his final home His closing line became almost invariably As always the Miami Beach audience is the greatest audience in the world In the Fall 1966 television season he abandoned the American Scene Magazine format and converted the show into a standard variety hour with guest performers The show was renamed The Jackie Gleason Show lasting from September 17 1966 September 12 1970 He started the 1966 1967 season with new color episodes of The Honeymooners with Sheila MacRae and Jane Kean as Alice Kramden and Trixie Norton respectively The regular cast included Art Carney as Ed Norton Milton Berle was a frequent guest star The show was shot in color on videotape at the Miami Beach Auditorium later renamed the Jackie Gleason Theatre of the Performing Arts now known as Fillmore Miami Beach and Gleason never tired of promoting the sun and fun capital of the world on camera CBS canceled the series in 1970 Each December the City of Miami Beach hosts Art Basel Miami Beach one of the largest art shows in the United States Art Basel Miami Beach the sister event to the Art Basel event held each June in Basel Switzerland combines an international selection of top galleries with a program of special exhibitions parties and crossover events featuring music film architecture and design Exhibition sites are located in the city s Art Deco District and ancillary events are scattered throughout the greater Miami metropolitan area The first Art Basel Miami Beach was held in 2002 55 In 2016 about 77 000 people attended the fair 56 The 2017 show featured about 250 galleries at the Miami Beach Convention Center 57 Miami Beach is home to the New World Symphony established in 1987 under the artistic direction of Michael Tilson Thomas In January 2011 the New World Symphony made a highly publicized move into the New World Center building designed by Canadian American Pritzker Prize winning architect Frank Gehry Gehry is famous for his design of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao Spain and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles California The new Gehry building offers Live Wallcasts 58 which allow visitors to experience select events throughout the season at the half acre outdoor Miami Beach SoundScape through the use of visual and audio technology on a 7 000 sq ft 650 m2 projection wall Miami beach is also home to Miami New Drama the resident theater company at the historic Colony Theatre on Lincoln Road The regional theater company was founded in 2016 by Venezuelan playwright and director Michel Hausmann and playwright director and Medal of the Arts winner 59 Moises Kaufman 60 In October 2016 Miami New Drama took over operations of the Colony Theatre 61 and since then the 417 seat Art Deco venue hosts Miami New Drama s theatrical season as well as other live events 62 The Miami City Ballet a ballet company founded in 1985 is housed in a 63 000 sq ft 5 900 m2 building near Miami Beach s Bass Museum of Art The Miami Beach Festival of the Arts is an annual outdoor art festival that was begun in 1974 Jewish community Edit Miami Beach is home to several Orthodox Jewish communities with a network of well established synagogues and yeshivas the first of which being the Landow Yeshiva a Chabad institution in operation for over 30 years There is also a liberal Jewish community containing such famous synagogues as Temple Emanu El Temple Beth Shalom and Cuban Hebrew Congregation Miami Beach is also a magnet for Jewish families retirees and particularly snowbirds when the cold winter sets into the north These visitors range from the Modern Orthodox to the Haredi and Hasidic including many rebbes who vacation there during the North American winter Till his death in 1991 the Nobel laureate writer Isaac Bashevis Singer lived in the northern end of Miami Beach and breakfasted often at Sheldon s drugstore on Harding Avenue There are many kosher restaurants and even kollels for post graduate Talmudic scholars such as the Miami Beach Community Kollel Miami Beach had roughly 60 000 people in Jewish households 62 percent of the total population in 1982 but only 16 500 or 19 percent of the population in 2004 said Ira Sheskin a demographer at the University of Miami who conducts surveys once a decade citation needed The Miami Beach Jewish community had decreased in size by 1994 due to migration to wealthier areas and aging of the population 63 Miami Beach is home to the Holocaust Memorial of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation LGBT community Edit Main article LGBT culture in Miami Miami Beach has been regarded as a gay mecca for decades as well as being one of the most LGBT friendly cities in the United States Miami Beach is home to numerous gay bars and gay specific events and five service and resource organizations After decades of economic and social decline an influx of gays and lesbians moving to South Beach in the late 1980s to mid 1990s contributed to Miami Beach s revitalization The newcomers purchased and restored dilapidated Art Deco hotels and clubs started numerous businesses and built political power in city and county government 64 The passage of progressive civil rights laws 64 election of outspokenly pro gay Miami Beach Mayor Matti Bower and the introduction of Miami Beach s Gay Pride Celebration have reinvigorated the local LGBT community in recent years which some argued had experienced a decline in the late 2000s 65 In January 2010 Miami Beach passed a revised Human Rights Ordinance that strengthens enforcement of already existing human rights laws and adds protections for transgender people 66 making Miami Beach s human rights laws some of the most progressive in the state 64 Miami Beach Pride has gained prominence since it first started in 2009 there has been an increase in attendance every year In 2013 there were more than 80 000 people who participated to now more than 130 000 people that participate in the festivities every year 67 It has also attracted many celebrities such as Chaz Bono 68 Adam Lambert 69 Gloria Estefan Mario Lopez and Elvis Duran who were Grand Marshals for Pride Weekend from 2012 through 2016 67 70 respectively There are over 125 businesses who are LGBT supportive that sponsor Miami Beach Pride Geography Edit South Beach in March 2008 According to the U S Census Bureau the city has a total area of 18 7 sq mi 48 5 km2 of which 7 0 sq mi 18 2 km2 is land and 11 7 sq mi 30 2 km2 62 37 is water Elevation and tidal flooding Edit Sign near a project to raise the elevation of a roadway in South Beach A high tide flood into a semi below grade carpark on the west side of South Beach October 2016 Miami Beach encounters tidal flooding of certain roads during the annual king tides 71 though some tidal flooding has been the case for decades 72 as the parts of the western side of South Beach 73 are at virtually 0 ft 0 m above normal high tide 74 with the entire city averaging only 4 4 ft 1 3 m above mean sea level AMSL 75 However a recent study by the University of Miami showed that tidal flooding became much more common from the mid 2000s 76 The fall 2015 king tides exceeded expectations in longevity and height 77 Traditional sea level rise and storm mitigation measures including sea walls and dykes such as those in the Netherlands and New Orleans may not work in South Florida due to the porous nature of the ground and limestone beneath the surface 73 In addition to present difficulty with below grade development some areas of southern Florida especially Miami Beach are beginning to engineer specifically for sea level rise and other potential effects of climate change This includes a five year US 500 million project for the installation of 60 to 80 pumps building of taller sea walls planting of red mangrove trees along the sea walls and the physical raising of road tarmac levels 78 as well as possible zoning and building code changes which could eventually lead to retrofitting of existing and historic properties Some streets and sidewalks were raised about 2 5 ft 0 76 m over previous levels 72 the four initial pumps installed in 2014 are capable of pumping 4 000 US gallons per minute 79 However this plan is not without criticism Some residents worry that the efforts will not be sufficient to successfully adapt to rising sea levels and wish the city had pursued a more aggressive plan On the other hand some worry that the city is moving too quickly with untested solutions Others yet have voiced concerns that the plan protects big money interests in Miami Beach 80 Pump failures such as during construction or power outages including a Tropical Storm Emily related rain flood on August 1 2017 can cause great unexpected flooding Combined with the higher roads and sidewalks this leaves unchanged properties relatively lower and prone to inundation 81 Climate EditAccording to the Koppen climate classification Miami Beach has a tropical monsoon climate Am Like much of Florida there is a marked wet and dry season in Miami Beach The tropical rainy season runs from May through October when showers and late day thunderstorms are common The dry season is from November through April when few showers sunshine and low humidity prevail The island location of Miami Beach however creates fewer convective thunderstorms so Miami Beach receives less rainfall in a given year than neighboring areas such as Miami and Fort Lauderdale Proximity to the moderating influence of the Atlantic gives Miami Beach lower high temperatures and higher lows than inland areas of Florida Miami Beach is in hardiness zone 11a with an annual mean minimum temperature of 43 F 6 C Miami Beach has never reported temperatures below 0 C 32 F Miami Beach s location on the Atlantic Ocean near its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico make it extraordinarily vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms Miami has experienced several direct hits from major hurricanes in recorded weather history the 1906 Florida Keys hurricane 1926 Miami hurricane 1935 Yankee hurricane 1941 Florida hurricane 1948 Miami Hurricane 1950 Hurricane King and 1964 Hurricane Cleo the area has seen indirect contact from hurricanes 1945 Homestead Hurricane Betsy 1965 Inez 1966 Andrew 1992 Irene 1999 Michelle 2001 Katrina 2005 Wilma 2005 and Irma 2017 Climate data for Miami Beach Florida 1991 2020 normals extremes 1927 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 87 31 89 32 92 33 95 35 98 37 97 36 98 37 98 37 96 36 95 35 92 33 89 32 98 37 Average high F C 73 6 23 1 74 8 23 8 76 5 24 7 79 6 26 4 82 7 28 2 86 0 30 0 87 8 31 0 88 1 31 2 87 0 30 6 83 7 28 7 78 9 26 1 76 1 24 5 81 2 27 3 Daily mean F C 67 4 19 7 69 0 20 6 70 9 21 6 74 7 23 7 78 2 25 7 81 3 27 4 82 9 28 3 83 1 28 4 82 1 27 8 79 0 26 1 73 8 23 2 70 3 21 3 76 1 24 5 Average low F C 61 2 16 2 63 3 17 4 65 2 18 4 69 8 21 0 73 6 23 1 76 5 24 7 78 0 25 6 78 1 25 6 77 2 25 1 74 4 23 6 68 6 20 3 64 6 18 1 70 9 21 6 Record low F C 32 0 37 3 32 0 46 8 58 14 58 14 66 19 67 19 67 19 54 12 39 4 32 0 32 0 Average precipitation inches mm 2 33 59 2 27 58 2 47 63 3 44 87 4 94 125 7 76 197 5 98 152 7 51 191 8 45 215 6 49 165 3 29 84 2 25 57 57 18 1 452 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 6 8 5 3 6 0 6 4 8 3 13 5 12 3 13 4 14 5 11 6 7 6 5 9 111 6Source NOAA 82 83 Water temperature Edit Average coastal water temperature for the Atlantic Ocean based on historical measurements 84 January 71 F 21 7 C May 1 15 80 F 26 7 C July 16 31 86 F 30 0 C October 1 15 83 F 28 3 C February 73 F 22 8 C May 16 31 81 F 27 2 C August 1 15 86 F 30 0 C October 16 31 79 F 26 1 C March 75 F 23 9 C June 1 15 84 F 28 9 C August 16 31 84 F 28 9 C November 76 F 24 4 C April 1 15 78 F 25 6 C June 16 30 85 F 29 4 C September 1 15 84 F 28 9 C December 73 F 22 8 C April 16 30 78 F 25 6 C July 1 15 86 F 30 0 C September 16 30 83 F 28 3 C Surrounding areas EditDemographics EditHistorical populationCensus Pop 1920644 19306 494908 4 194028 012331 4 195046 28265 2 196063 14536 4 197087 07237 9 198096 29810 6 199092 639 3 8 200087 933 5 1 201087 779 0 2 202082 890 5 6 U S Decennial Census 85 2020 census Edit Miami Beach racial composition Hispanics excluded from racial categories NH Non Hispanic 86 Race Number PercentageWhite NH 33 274 40 14 Black or African American NH 2 201 2 66 Native American or Alaska Native NH 76 0 09 Asian NH 1 606 0 74 Pacific Islander NH 22 0 03 Some Other Race NH 841 1 01 Mixed Multi Racial NH 2 894 3 49 Hispanic or Latino 41 976 50 64 Total 82 890As of the 2020 United States census there were 82 890 people 40 084 households and 21 028 families residing in the city 2020 census Edit Miami Beach demographics2020 Census Miami Beach Miami Dade County FloridaTotal population 82 890 2 701 767 21 538 187Population percent change 2010 to 2020 5 6 8 2 14 6 Population density 10 774 73 sq mi 1 492 9 sq mi 384 3 sq miWhite or Caucasian including White Hispanic 87 4 2010 73 8 75 0 Non Hispanic White or Caucasian 40 14 2020 15 4 57 9 Black or African American 2 66 2020 18 9 16 0 Hispanic or Latino of any race 50 64 2020 65 0 22 5 Asian 1 94 2020 1 5 2 4 Native American or Native Alaskan 0 09 2020 0 2 0 4 Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0 03 2020 0 0 0 1 Two or more races Multiracial 4 51 2020 2 4 2 5 Some Other Race 0 00 2020 3 2 3 6 As of 2010 update those of Hispanic or Latino ancestry accounted for 53 0 of Miami Beach s population Out of the 53 0 20 0 were Cuban 4 9 Colombian 4 6 Argentine 3 7 Puerto Rican 2 4 Peruvian 2 1 Venezuelan 1 8 Mexican 1 7 Honduran 1 6 Guatemalan 1 4 Dominican 1 1 Uruguayan 1 1 Spaniard 1 0 Nicaraguan 0 9 Ecuadorian and 0 8 were Chilean 87 As of 2010 update those of African ancestry accounted for 4 4 of Miami Beach s population which includes African Americans Out of the 4 4 1 3 were Black Hispanics 0 8 were Subsaharan African and 0 8 were West Indian or Afro Caribbean American 0 3 Jamaican 0 3 Haitian 0 1 Other or Unspecified West Indian 0 1 Trinidadian and Tobagonian 87 88 89 90 As of 2010 update those of non Hispanic white European ancestry accounted for 40 5 of Miami Beach s population Out of the 40 5 9 0 Italian 6 0 German 3 8 were Irish 3 8 Russian 3 7 French 3 4 Polish 3 0 English 1 2 Hungarian 0 7 Swedish 0 6 Scottish 0 5 Portuguese 0 5 Dutch 0 5 Scotch Irish and 0 5 were Norwegian 88 89 As of 2010 update those of Asian ancestry accounted for 1 9 of Miami Beach s population Out of the 1 9 0 6 were Indian 0 4 Filipino 0 3 Other Asian 0 3 Chinese 0 1 Japanese 0 1 Korean and 0 1 were Vietnamese 88 In 2010 2 8 of the population considered themselves to be of only American ancestry regardless of race or ethnicity and 1 5 were of Arab ancestry with the majority of them being of Palestinian and Lebanese descent as of 2010 update 88 89 As of 2010 update there were 67 499 households while 30 1 were vacant 13 8 had children under the age of 18 living with them 26 3 were married couples living together 8 4 had a female householder with no husband present and 61 1 were non families 49 0 of all households were made up of individuals and 12 0 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older 4 0 male and 8 0 female The average household size was 1 84 and the average family size was 2 70 88 91 In 2010 the city population was spread out with 12 8 under the age of 18 7 4 from 18 to 24 38 0 from 25 to 44 25 7 from 45 to 64 and 16 2 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 40 3 years For every 100 females there were 109 9 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 111 0 males 88 91 As of 2010 update the median income for a household in the city was 43 538 and the median income for a family was 52 104 Males had a median income of 42 605 versus 36 269 for females The per capita income for the city was 40 515 About 10 9 of families and 15 6 of the population were below the poverty line including 13 0 of those under age 18 and 27 5 of those aged 65 or over 92 In 2010 51 7 of the city s population was foreign born Of foreign born residents 76 9 were born in Latin America and 13 6 were born in Europe with smaller percentages from North America Africa Asia and Oceania 89 As of 2000 speakers of Spanish at home accounted for 54 90 of residents while those who spoke exclusively English made up 32 76 Speakers of Portuguese were 3 38 French 1 66 German 1 12 Italian 1 00 and Russian 0 85 of the population Due to the large Jewish community Yiddish was spoken at the home of 0 81 of the population and Hebrew was the mother tongue of 0 75 93 As of 2000 Miami Beach had the 22nd highest concentration of Cuban residents in the United States at 20 51 of the population 94 It had the 28th highest percentage of Colombian residents at 4 40 of the city s population 95 and was tied with two other locations for the 14th highest percentage of Brazilian residents at 2 20 of its population 96 It also had the 27th largest concentration of Peruvian ancestry at 1 85 97 and the 27th highest percentage of people of Venezuelan heritage at 1 79 98 Miami Beach also has the 33rd highest concentration of Honduran ancestry at 1 21 99 and the 41st highest percentage of Nicaraguan residents which made up 1 03 of the population 100 Transportation EditSee also Transportation in South Florida Sea level related engineering Public Transportation in Miami Beach is operated by Miami Dade Transit MDT Along with neighborhoods such as Downtown and Brickell public transit is heavily used in Miami Beach and is a vital part of city life Although Miami Beach has no direct Metrorail stations numerous Metrobus lines connect to Downtown Miami and Metrorail i e the S bus line The South Beach Local SBL is one of the most heavily used lines in Miami and connects all major points of South Beach to other major bus lines in the city Metrobus ridership in Miami Beach is high with some of the routes such as the L and S being the busiest Metrobus routes 101 The Airport Beach Express Route 150 operated by MDT is a direct service bus line that connects Miami International Airport to major points in South Beach The ride costs 2 65 and runs every 30 minutes from 6 00 a m to 11 00 p m seven days a week 102 Bicycling Edit Since the late 20th century cycling has grown in popularity in Miami Beach Due to its dense urban nature and pedestrian friendly streets many Miami Beach residents get around by bicycle In March 2011 a public bicycle sharing system named Decobike was launched one of only a handful of such programs in the United States The program is operated by a private corporation Decobike LLC but is partnered with the City of Miami Beach in a revenue sharing model 103 Once fully implemented the program hopes to have around 1000 bikes accessible from 100 stations throughout Miami Beach from around 85th Street on the north side of Miami Beach all the way south to South Pointe Park 104 Education EditMiami Dade County Public Schools serves Miami Beach North Beach Elementary Treasure Island Elementary South Pointe Elementary Mater Beach Academy Biscayne Elementary Fienberg Fisher K 8 Center Nautilus Middle School Miami Beach Senior High SchoolPrivate schools include Rabbi Alexander S Gross Hebrew Academy St Patrick Catholic School Landow Yeshiva Lubavitch Educational Center Klurman Mesivta High School for Boys and Beis Chana Middle and High School for Girls and Mechina High School citation needed The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami operates St Patrick Catholic School in Miami Beach The archdiocese formerly operated Saint Joseph School in Miami Beach 105 In the early history of Miami Beach there was one elementary school and the Ida M Fisher junior senior high school 106 The building of Miami Beach High was constructed in 1926 and classes began in 1928 107 Colleges and universities EditThe Florida International University School of Architecture has a sister campus at 420 Lincoln Road in South Beach with classroom spaces for FIU architecture art music and theater graduate students 108 Other Colleges include Johnson amp Wales University satellite campus closing at the end of the 2020 2021 school year 109 Neighborhoods Edit A portion of the southern part of the South Beach skyline as seen from Biscayne Bay Photo Marc Averette The northernmost section of the city known as North Beach Miami Beach skyline at night from the ocean South Beach Edit Belle Isle City Center Di Lido Island Flagler Monument Island Flamingo Lummus Hibiscus Island Palm Island Rivo Alto Island San Marino Island Star Island South of FifthMid Beach Edit Oceanfront Bayshore NautilusNorth Beach Edit Biscayne Point Isle of Normandy La Gorce North ShorePoints of interest Edit The Fillmore April 2011 Fontainebleau Miami Beach April 2011 Bass Museum Eden Roc Miami Beach Hotel The Fillmore Miami Beach originally the Miami Beach Municipal Auditorium Flagler Monument Island Fontainebleau Hotel Versace Mansion Casa Casuarina Holocaust Memorial Jewish Museum of Florida Lincoln Road Miami Beach Architectural District Miami Beach Botanical Garden North Beach Ocean Drive South Beach South Pointe Park Wolfsonian FIU Museum World Erotic Art Museum Miami The Setai HotelNotable people Edit Knute Rockne Neal Walk Walter Winchell George Abbott playwright screenwriter producer and director George Ade 1866 1944 writer Moses Annenberg newspaper publisher Desi Arnaz 1917 1986 entertainer Shmuley Boteach born 1966 Orthodox rabbi radio and television host and author 110 Walter Briggs Sr entrepreneur owner of the Detroit Tigers Douglas Isaac Busch photographer and teacher Barbara Baer Capitman historic preservation activist writer Al Capone 1899 1947 mobster David Caruso actor and producer star of NYPD Blue and CSI Miami John S Collins horticulturist Kent Cooper Associated Press James M Cox Governor of Ohio and presidential candidate Andrew Cunanan serial killer Ron Dermer born 1971 Israeli Ambassador to the US Harvey Firestone Firestone Tires Carl Graham Fisher developer of Miami Beach Frank Gannett Gannett Media Corporation Jackie Gleason comedian actor TV host Jackie Gleason and His American Scene Magazine 1964 1966 The Jackie Gleason Show 1966 1970 Tony Goldman real estate developer Ronald Green 1944 2012 American Israeli basketball player Gabriel Heatter radio commentator Jerry Herman Broadway composer John D Hertz Hertz Rental Cars Nunnally Johnson film director S S Kresge retailer Meyer Lansky 1902 1983 mobster Albert Lasker businessman Ring Lardner 1885 1933 writer Dan Le Batard ESPN Radio amp TV host Bernarr MacFadden bodybuilder owner of the Deauville Hotel Floyd Mayweather Jr boxer Alex Omes co founder of Ultra Music Festival Yaxeni Oriquen Garcia IFBB professional bodybuilder James Cash Penney department store magnate Irving Jacob Reuter General Motors Grantland Rice sportswriter Knute Rockne football player and coach Mark B Rosenberg political scientist who was the former President of Florida International University and former Chancellor of the State University System of Florida Ed Rubinoff born 1935 tennis player Damon Runyon newspaperman and writer Nicholas Schenck MGM studios Dutch Schultz mobster Robin Sherwood actress Sid Tepper Songwriter Gianni Versace 1946 1997 fashion designer Betty Viana Adkins IFBB professional bodybuilder Neal Walk 1948 2015 basketball player Albert Warner Warner Brothers studio founder Walter Winchell columnist Garfield Wood inventorSister cities EditSee also List of sister cities in Florida Miami Beach has 12 sister cities 111 Brampton Canada 112 Almonte Spain Marbella Spain Fortaleza Brazil Santa Marta Colombia Cesky Krumlov Czech Republic Nahariya Israel Pescara Italy Fujisawa Japan Cozumel Mexico Ica Peru Basel Switzerland Asmara Eritrea 113 Tourism EditThe City of Miami Beach accounts for more than half of tourism to Miami Dade County Of the 15 86 million people staying in the county in 2017 58 5 lodged in Miami Beach Resort taxes account for over 10 of the city s operating budget providing 83 million in the fiscal year 2016 2017 On average the city s resort tax revenue grows by three to five percent annually Miami Beach hosts 13 3 million visitors each year In fiscal year 2016 2017 Miami Beach had over 26 600 hotel rooms Average occupancy in fiscal year 2015 2016 was 76 4 and 78 5 in fiscal year 2016 2017 114 Mayor Harold Rosen is credited with beginning the revitalization of Miami Beach when he notably abolished rent control in 1976 a move that was highly controversial at the time 115 116 The Miami Beach Visitor and Convention Authority Edit The Miami Beach Visitor and Convention Authority is a seven member board appointed by the City of Miami Beach Commission The authority established in 1967 by the State of Florida legislature is the official marketing and public relations organization for the city to support its tourism industry 117 See also Edit8th amp Ocean Collins Bridge Causeways Julia Tuttle Causeway Macarthur Causeway Venetian Causeway Doral Hotel List of mayors of Miami Beach Florida List of tallest buildings in Miami Beach List of upscale shopping districts Miami Beach Police Department Miami Modern Architecture Miami Dade County Ocean Drive Rosie the Elephant South Beach Tow Spring Break A Hole in the Head 1959 comedy film The Bellboy 1960 comedy film Fair Game 1995 filmReferences Edit City of Miami Beach The official website of the City of Miami Beach Stay informed find important information on city services news alerts events trolley routes government employment and more www miamibeachfl gov 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 31 2021 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 31 2008 US Board on Geographic Names United States Geological Survey October 25 2007 Retrieved January 31 2008 a b c d Carson 1955 p page needed Andersson Ake E Andersson David E 2000 Gateways to the Global Economy Edward Elgar Publishing p 124 ISBN 978 1 84064 389 3 OCLC 473795927 Explore Census Data data census gov Retrieved December 7 2021 Miami Beach Florida Population 2018 World Population Review Retrieved December 25 2018 Miami Art Deco District Official Art Deco District Visitors Guide Miamiandbeaches com December 31 2012 Archived from the original on September 1 2010 Retrieved June 30 2013 The Journey to Excellence City of Miami Beach Archived from the original on June 5 2012 Retrieved May 31 2012 Biscayne House of Refuge HMdb org Retrieved November 15 2019 Elnathan T Field University of Florida Library Retrieved November 4 2019 Cary William H Anderton Shannon Klepser Caroline Pinetree Drive Historic Roadway Miami Beach Historic Site Designation Report PDF City of Miami Beach City of Miami Beach Planning Department Retrieved February 1 2022 a b RETURN IN TIME TO THE LINCOLN HOTEL MIAMI BEACH LATE JANUARY 1921 Wordpress com October 24 2012 Retrieved March 2 2017 Federal Writers Project 1939 Florida A Guide to the Southernmost State New York Oxford University Press p 210 a b June 12 1913 With first bridge Miami Beach is open for business Retrieved March 21 2021 John S Collins Founding Developer of Miami Beach Retrieved March 21 2021 Ross Edward Ellis interview notebook source New York University Archives p 79 a b Selling Miami With Sex And Celebrities Is Nothing New Miamibeach411 com Retrieved March 1 2022 Fisher Jane 1947 The Fabulous Hoosier Robert M McBride amp Company New York p 147 Remembering Miami Beach s Shameful History of Segregation and Racism Retrieved March 20 2021 a b A Brief History of the Jewish Community of Greater Miami Retrieved March 21 2021 South Florida is open territory for organized crime Los Angeles Times March 27 2010 Retrieved March 20 2021 HOW JEWS SHAPED MIAMI BEACH Retrieved March 20 2021 Meyer Lansky Biography Retrieved March 20 2021 temple menorah Retrieved March 20 2021 LaBorde Lauren March 21 2017 Miami Beach Is Among America s Priciest Zip Codes Neighborhoods com New Book Film Document A Forgotten Era Of Miami Beach s Jewish History Wlrn org Retrieved March 20 2021 HistoryMiami Remembers the Sassy Senior Citizens of South Beach s Past Miaminewtimes com Retrieved March 20 2021 Film about Jewish retirees in 1970s Miami Beach opening in South Florida Sun sentinel com Retrieved March 20 2021 Shtetl by the Sea Jewish Landmarks of Miami Beach Visitflorida com May 30 2019 Retrieved March 20 2021 Myer Lansky Sun sentinel com Retrieved March 20 2021 Prazan Phil Sundown Towns a Look at South Florida s Legacy of Segregation Nbcmiami com Retrieved March 1 2022 a b c Hellmann 2006 p page needed Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations 2001 Overview of Municipal Incorporations in Florida PDF LCIR Report Tallahassee archived from the original PDF on April 28 2017 The Historic Glenn Curtis Mansion PDF Retrieved July 28 2018 United States AM Stations Florida Yearbook of Radio and Television New York Radio Television Daily 1964 OCLC 7469377 via Internet Archive Robin F Bachin ed Miami Timeline WWII 1950s Travel Tourism amp Urban Growth in Greater Miami University of Miami published circa 2006 Art Basel Miami Beach s Unfulfilled Promise The New York Times November 28 2014 Miami Beach city Florida QuickFacts U S Census Bureau Retrieved April 27 2017 Florida Legislative Office of Economic and Demographic Research U S Census Bureau 2011 City of Miami Beach 2010 Census Detailed City Profiles O Neill Natalie September 4 2008 Topless Protesters on South Beach Miami New Times Archived from the original on January 18 2012 Retrieved January 26 2012 Muench Pace Dawn Topless and Nude Beaches in Miami About com Archived from the original on March 26 2017 Retrieved September 20 2017 South Beach Life imitates art quite vicely NBC News July 25 2006 Retrieved June 30 2013 Illegal Rollerblading Popular on South Beach Lincoln Road a b c Tasker Fred July 11 1999 A Martyr s Passion Helped Save Modern Deco Treasurers The Miami Herald p 91 Lorente Rafael May 12 1994 Art Deco District Pays The Price of Success The Miami Herald p 1 Neighbors Miami Beach Viglucci Andres May 15 2009 South Beach s Art Deco district celebrates 30 years since its rebirth The Miami Herald p A1 Dunlop Beth March 30 1990 First Lady of Art Deco Barbara Capitman Dies The Miami Herald p 1A Wellisz Christopher July 10 1986 Beach OKs Deco Historic Districts The Miami Herald p 2D Martin Lydia July 15 2007 In two decades Miami Beach s southernmost square mile has become a big draw with art cuisine architecture and nightlife The Miami Herald p A1 Kidwell David October 21 1992 Beach Set To OK Expansion of Art Deco District The Miami Herald p 1B Woods Casey May 15 2005 Board Votes For Historic District The Miami Herald p 3MB Flechas Joey January 17 2018 Miami Beach wants to recreate Art Deco s magic with Miami Modern in North Beach The Miami Herald Retrieved October 23 2018 Bodick Noelle June 17 2014 A Brief History of Art Basel the World s Premier Contemporary Fair Artspace Retrieved September 23 2018 Viglucci Andres December 6 2017 Is Art Basel bigger and better than ever The early reviews are in Miami Herald Retrieved September 23 2018 Farago Jason December 7 2017 Art Basel Miami Beach Post Irma Is Still Swinging The New York Times Retrieved September 23 2018 WALLCAST Concerts and Park Events New World Symphony NWS edu Retrieved March 2 2017 Moises Kaufman NEA September 14 2016 Retrieved July 27 2020 Thomason John January 12 2016 Miami New Drama s Golem of Havana Stretches From Nazis to Cuban Revolutionaries Miami New Times Retrieved July 27 2020 Joseph Chris October 7 2016 Miami New Drama Takes Over Historic Colony Theatre in Miami Beach Miami New Times Retrieved July 27 2020 COLONY THEATRE colonytheatre Archived from the original on August 4 2020 Retrieved July 27 2020 Patron Eugene To the Golden Cities Pursuing the American Jewish Dream in Miami and L A Forward May 27 1994 Vol LXXXXVIII 30 977 p 9 Old age and migration to more affluent communities have left Miami Beach all but a shell of the Jewish shtetl that blossomed there a b c Miami Beach by the numbers Miami Herald April 29 2011 Archived from the original on April 29 2011 Retrieved March 1 2022 Natalie O Neill January 14 2010 Gays leave unfriendly South Beach for Fort Lauderdale Page 1 News Miami Miami New Times Archived from the original on August 1 2013 Retrieved June 30 2013 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Breaking News Two New Local Ordinances Support Equality For Gay Residents Of Miami Beach And South Miami SAVE Dade January 15 2010 Archived from the original on November 1 2012 a b City of Miami Miami Beach Gay Pride is an extraordinary two day event Miamibeachgaypride LGBT Creativity Archived from the original on March 16 2015 Retrieved March 20 2015 Crandell Ben Sentinel Sun Chaz Bono to lead Miami Beach Gay Pride parade articles sun sentinel Retrieved March 20 2015 Miami Beach Gay Pride Parade 2013 High Heel Race In Pictures The Huffington Post April 15 2013 Retrieved July 6 2017 Rothaus Steve November 14 2015 Radio star Elvis Duran named grand marshal of 2016 Miami Beach Gay Pride parade festival The Miami Herald Retrieved July 6 2017 Guirola Jamie High Tides Cause Flooding in Miami Beach WTVJ Retrieved December 5 2015 a b Flechas Joey Staletovich Jenny October 23 2015 Miami Beach s battle to stem rising tides Miami Herald Retrieved December 9 2015 The design featuring a street and sidewalk perched on an upper tier 2 feet above the front doors of roadside businesses and backed by a hulking nearby pump house represents what one city engineer called the street of tomorrow a b Flechas Joey October 6 2014 King tide will be first test for Miami Beach s new pumps Miami Herald Retrieved December 5 2015 Kathie G Brooks January 13 2013 Addendum to the Land Use and Development Committee Meeting Agenda City of Miami Beach Archived from the original PDF on February 5 2016 Retrieved December 5 2015 Adams David Fagneson Zachary April 22 2014 Florida Senator holds Miami Beach hearing on rising sea level Reuters Retrieved December 5 2015 New study shows increased flooding accelerated sea level rise in Miami over last decade Phys org April 4 2016 Retrieved April 4 2016 Unexpected high tide causes Miami Beach flooding WPLG TV Associated Press October 9 2015 Archived from the original on December 8 2015 Retrieved December 5 2015 Barrionuevo Alexei December 1 2015 Reconciling Rising Sea Levels and Luxury Development in Miami Beach Curbed Archived from the original on January 2 2016 Retrieved December 5 2015 Fagneson Zachary Adams David October 3 2014 Miami Beach in race to control flood ahead of annual King Tide Reuters Retrieved December 9 2015 Weiss Jessica April 19 2016 Miami Beach s 400 Million Sea Level Rise Plan Is Unprecedented but Not Everyone Is Sold Miami New Times Retrieved February 23 2017 Joey Flechas November 16 2016 Flood claim denied for restaurant turned basement after Miami Beach raised street Miami Herald Retrieved August 7 2017 NOWData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 9 2021 Summary of Monthly Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 9 2021 Sun Charles Coastal Water Temperature Table www nodc noaa gov National Oceanographic Data Center Archived from the original on September 5 2017 Retrieved September 5 2017 Census of Population and Housing Census gov Retrieved June 4 2015 Explore Census Data data census gov Retrieved February 8 2022 a b Miami Beach Florida Hispanic or Latino by Type 2010 2010 Census Summary File 1 United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 10 2015 a b c d e f Miami Beach Florida Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics 2010 2010 Demographic Profile Data United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 10 2015 a b c d Miami Beach Florida Selected Social Characteristics in the United States 2006 2010 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 10 2015 Miami Beach Florida First Ancestry Reported Universe Total population 2006 2010 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 10 2015 a b Miami Beach Florida Age Groups and Sex 2010 2010 Census Summary File 1 United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 10 2015 Miami Beach Florida Selected Economic Characteristics 2006 2010 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 10 2015 MLA Data Center Results of Miami Beach Fla Modern Language Association Retrieved November 1 2007 Ancestry Map of Cuban Communities Epodunk com Archived from the original on November 22 2012 Retrieved November 1 2007 Ancestry Map of Colombian Communities Epodunk com Archived from the original on October 11 2007 Retrieved November 1 2007 Ancestry Map of Brazilian Communities Epodunk com Archived from the original on September 23 2012 Retrieved November 1 2007 Ancestry Map of Peruvian Communities Epodunk com Archived from the original on October 11 2007 Retrieved November 1 2007 Ancestry Map of Venezuelan Communities Epodunk com Retrieved November 1 2007 Ancestry Map of Honduran Communities Epodunk com Archived from the original on October 17 2010 Retrieved November 1 2007 Ancestry Map of Nicaraguan Communities Epodunk com Archived from the original on October 17 2010 Retrieved November 1 2007 2011 02 Ridership Technical Report pdf PDF Archived from the original PDF on May 26 2013 Retrieved June 30 2013 1 dead link DecoBike Miami Beach FAQ South Beach Bicycle Rental Bike Sharing Public Bike Program Bicycle Rentals Bicycle Shop Art Deco Bike Tour South Florida Bicycle Rides Bicycle Sharing Decobike com Retrieved April 30 2013 Deco Bike South Florida Bikeshare Debut Transit Miami March 15 2011 Archived from the original on March 11 2012 Retrieved April 30 2013 Saint Joseph Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami December 30 2003 Archived from the original on December 30 2003 Retrieved May 9 2020 Saint Joseph 8625 Byron Avenue Miami Beach Florida 33141 Suberman Stella When it was Our War A Soldier s Wife on the Home Front A Shannon Ravenel book Algonquin Books 2003 ISBN 1565124030 9781565124035 p 10 MBSH Archive Miami Beach High School Retrieved on January 4 2016 FIU College of Architecture The Arts to open new home on Lincoln Road News fiu edu May 25 2011 Retrieved June 30 2013 Sustainable Future Johnson amp Wales University www jwu edu Retrieved June 28 2020 I come from a pretty broken place Shmuel Boteach self styled America s rabbi and friend of celebrities opens up The Jewish Chronicle Archived from the original on April 15 2021 Miami Beach Sister Cities Program Miamibeachsistercities com Retrieved April 21 2009 Historic Sister City Agreemtn Between Brampton and Miami Beach Florida PDF City of Brampton Canada October 3 2008 Retrieved October 5 2008 Miami Beach and Asmara Sister Cities Tesfanews net October 17 2017 TOURISM CULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PDF Miamibeachfl gov Retrieved March 1 2022 Harold Rosen Beach mayor who helped abolish rent control dies Miami Herald Miami Herald Archived from the original on January 18 2018 Rosen Harold interview dpanther fiu edu Howard Elsie December 15 2010 Miami Beach Visitor and Convention Authority Continues to Invest in Tourism Miami s Community News Bibliography EditMiami City Directory including Miami Beach and Coconut Grove R L Polk amp Co 1919 1920 ed Federal Writers Project 1939 Miami Beach Florida a Guide to the Southernmost State American Guide Series New York Oxford University Press Ruby Leach Carson 1955 Forty Years of Miami Beach PDF Tequesta Historical Association of Southern Florida ISSN 0363 3705 via Florida International University Abraham D Lavender 2002 Miami Beach in 1920 The Making of a Winter Resort Arcadia ISBN 978 0 7385 2351 4 Seth Bramson 2005 Miami Beach Images of America Charleston South Carolina Arcadia ISBN 9780738541747 Paul T Hellmann 2006 Florida Miami Beach Historical Gazetteer of the United States Taylor amp Francis ISBN 1 135 94859 3 Patricia Kennedy 2006 Miami Beach Arcadia Publishing Images of America series 2006 ISBN 9780738524818 Carolyn Klepser 2014 Lost Miami Beach Charleston South Carolina History Press ISBN 978 1 62584 959 5 Gallery Edit The historical Art Deco District at South Beach at night The Art Deco District at South Beach during the day Miami Beach Police HQ A street of Miami Beach with royal palms Ocean Drive and Lummus Park Lifeguard stand at the South Pointe BeachExternal links EditMiami Beach Florida at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Travel information from Wikivoyage Official sites Edit City of Miami BeachPhotos Edit Miami Beach Architecture Photos Photographs of Miami Beach From the State Library amp Archives of Florida Photos of Miami Beach Miami and surrounding areasOther Edit Miami Design Preservation League Non profit Organization for the preservation of Miami Beach Architectural History Miami s Southeast Coast Biscayne Bay Watershed Florida DEP Miami Beach Florida Memory Florida Department of State Division of Library and Information Services Items related to Miami Beach various dates via Digital Public Library of America Harris Alex Miami Beach Is Waging War on Sea Rise One Idea Turn a Golf Course into Wetlands Miamiherald Miami Herald 20 Sept 2019 Wildflower Preserve Lemon Bay Conservancy Wildflower Preserve Wood Travis As Hundreds of Golf Courses Close Nature Gets a Chance to Make a Comeback Ensia As hundreds of golf courses close nature gets a chance to make a comeback Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Miami Beach Florida amp oldid 1123615610, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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