Aminah was born to Wahb ibn Abd Manaf and Barrah bint 'Abd al-'Uzzā ibn 'Uthmān ibn 'Abd al-Dār in Mecca. Her tribe, Quraysh, claimed descent from Ibrahim (Abraham), through his son Isma'il (Ishmael). Her ancestor Zuhrah was the elder brother of Qusayy ibn Kilab, who was an ancestor of Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib, and was the first Qurayshi custodian of the Kaaba. Abd al-Muttalib proposed the marriage of Abdullah, his youngest son, to Aminah. Some sources state that Aminah's father accepted the match, while others say that it was Aminah's uncle Wuhaib, who was serving as her guardian.[2][3] The two were married soon after.[3] Abdullah spent much of Aminah's pregnancy away from home as part of a merchant caravan, and died of disease before the birth of his son.[3][4]
Three months after Abdullah's death, in 570–571 CE, Muhammad was born. As was tradition among all the great families at the time, Aminah sent Muhammad to live with a milk mother in the desert as a baby. The belief was that in the desert, one would learn self-discipline, nobility, and freedom. During this time, Muhammad was nursed by Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb, a poor Bedouin woman from the tribe of Banu Sa'ad, a branch of the Hawāzin.[5]
When Muhammad was six years old, he was reunited with Aminah, who took him to visit her relatives in Yathrib (later Medina). Upon their return to Mecca a month later, accompanied by her slave Umm Ayman, Aminah fell ill. She died around the year 577 or 578,[6] and was buried in the village of Al-Abwa'. Her grave was destroyed in 1998.[7][8] The young Muhammad was taken in first by his paternal grandfather Abd al-Muttalib in 577, and later by his paternal uncle Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib.[3]
Fate in the afterlife
The alleged grave of Aminah bint Wahb in Al-Abwa'. It was destroyed in 1998.
Islamic scholars have long been divided over the religious beliefs of Muhammad's mother and her fate in the afterlife.[9] One transmission by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah states that Allah (God) refused to forgive Aminah for her kufr (disbelief). Another transmission in Musnad al-Bazzar states that the Muhammad's mother was brought back to life and accepted Islam, then returned to the Barzakh.[10]: 11 Some Ash'ari and Shafi'i scholars argued that neither would be punished in the afterlife, as they were Ahl al-fatrah, or "People of the interval" between the prophetic messages of 'Isa (Jesus) and Muhammad.[11] The concept of Ahl al-fatrah is not universally accepted among Islamic scholars, and there is debate concerning the extent of salvation available for active practitioners of Shirk (Polytheism),[12] though the majority of scholars have come to agree with it, and disregard the ahadith (narrations) stating that Muhammad's parents were condemned to hell.[9]
While a work attributed to Abu Hanifah, an early Sunni scholar, stated that both Aminah and Abdullah died upon their innate nature (Mata 'ala al-fitrah),[13] some later authors of mawlid texts related a tradition in which Aminah and Abdullah were temporarily revived and embraced Islam. Scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah stated that this was a lie, though Al-Qurtubi stated that the concept did not disagree with Islamic theology.[11] According to Ali al-Qari, the preferred view is that both the parents of Muhammad were Muslims.[10]: 28 According to Al-Suyuti, Isma'il Haqqi, and other Islamic scholars, all of the narrations indicating that the parents of Muhammad were not forgiven were later abrogated when they were brought to life and accepted Islam.[10]: 24 Shia Muslims believe that all of Muhammad's ancestors, Aminah included, were monotheists, and therefore entitled to Paradise. A Shia tradition states that Allah forbade the fires of Hell from touching either of Muhammad's parents.[14]
^ abAl-A'zami, Muhammad Mustafa (2003). The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments. UK Islamic Academy. pp. 22–24. ISBN978-1-8725-3165-6.
^Muhammad Shibli Numani; M. Tayyib Bakhsh Badāyūnī (1979). Life of the Prophet. Kazi Publications. pp. 148–150.
^Daniel Howden (18 April 2006). "Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca". The Independent. from the original on 2016-07-27. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
^Ondrej Beranek; Pavel Tupek (2009). "From Visiting Graves to Their Destruction: The Question of Ziyara through the Eyes of Salafis" (Crown Paper). Waltham, Massachusetts, the U.S.A.: Brandeis University. OCLC 457230835.
^ abBrown, Jonathan A.C. (2015). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. pp. 188-189.
^ abcMufti Muhammad Khan Qadri, The Parents of the Prophet Muhammad were Muslims, Suffah Foundation, pp. 11–28
^ abHolmes Katz, Marion (2007). The Birth of The Prophet Muhammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam. Routledge. p. 126-128. ISBN978-1-1359-8394-9.
^Rida, Rashid. "2:62". . pp. 278–281. Archived from the original on 2018-11-05. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
^Dr. `Inayatullah Iblagh al-Afghanistani, Refuting the Claim that Imam Abu Hanifa was of the opinion that the Prophet’s Parents were Kafirs, Masud
^Rubin, Uri (1975). "Pre-Existence and Light—Aspects of the Concept of Nur Muhammad". Israel Oriental Studies. 5: 75–88.
External links
Brill Encyclopedia Islamica
January 06, 2023
aminah, other, uses, amina, disambiguation, amina, given, name, bint, wahb, arabic, آم, ٱب, ʾĀminahʾ, ibnat, wahb, woman, clan, banu, zuhrah, tribe, quraysh, mother, islamic, prophet, muhammad, bint, wahb, آم, بislamic, calligraphy, namebornʾĀminahʾ, bint, wah. For other uses see Amina disambiguation and Amina given name Aminah bint Wahb Arabic آم ن ة ٱب ن ت و ه ب ʾAminahʾ ibnat Wahb c 549 577 CE was a woman of the clan of Banu Zuhrah in the tribe of Quraysh and the mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 1 Aminah bint Wahb آم ن ة ب ن ت و ه بIslamic calligraphy of her nameBornʾAminahʾ bint Wahb549 C E 66 B H Mecca Hejaz ArabiaDied576 577 C E 36 B H Age 27 Al Abwa Tihamah HejazResting placeAl AbwaKnown forMother of Muhammad 1 SpouseAbdullah ibn Abd al Muttalib m 569 570 ChildrenMuhammadParentsWahb ibn Abd Manaf father Barrah bint Abd al Uzza mother RelativesList Cousin s Halah bint Wuhayb List Daughter s in law Khadija bint KhuwaylidAishaHafsa bint UmarUmm Habiba List Granddaughter s Zainab bint MuhammadRuqayyah bint MuhammadUmm Kulthum bint MuhammadFatimah bint Muhammad List Grandson s Qasim ibn MuhammadAbdullah ibn MuhammadIbrahim ibn MuhammadFamilyBanu Zuhrah from Quraysh Contents 1 Early life and marriage 2 Birth of Muhammad and later years 3 Fate in the afterlife 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksEarly life and marriage EditAminah was born to Wahb ibn Abd Manaf and Barrah bint Abd al Uzza ibn Uthman ibn Abd al Dar in Mecca Her tribe Quraysh claimed descent from Ibrahim Abraham through his son Isma il Ishmael Her ancestor Zuhrah was the elder brother of Qusayy ibn Kilab who was an ancestor of Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib and was the first Qurayshi custodian of the Kaaba Abd al Muttalib proposed the marriage of Abdullah his youngest son to Aminah Some sources state that Aminah s father accepted the match while others say that it was Aminah s uncle Wuhaib who was serving as her guardian 2 3 The two were married soon after 3 Abdullah spent much of Aminah s pregnancy away from home as part of a merchant caravan and died of disease before the birth of his son 3 4 Birth of Muhammad and later years EditSee also Mawlid and Muhammad in Mecca Makkah Al Mukarramah Library 21 25 30 N 39 49 48 E 21 42500 N 39 83000 E 21 42500 39 83000 Bayt al Mawlid Makkah Al Mukarramah Library is believed to stand on the spot where Aminah gave birth to Muhammad so it is also known as Bayt al Mawlid Three months after Abdullah s death in 570 571 CE Muhammad was born As was tradition among all the great families at the time Aminah sent Muhammad to live with a milk mother in the desert as a baby The belief was that in the desert one would learn self discipline nobility and freedom During this time Muhammad was nursed by Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb a poor Bedouin woman from the tribe of Banu Sa ad a branch of the Hawazin 5 When Muhammad was six years old he was reunited with Aminah who took him to visit her relatives in Yathrib later Medina Upon their return to Mecca a month later accompanied by her slave Umm Ayman Aminah fell ill She died around the year 577 or 578 6 and was buried in the village of Al Abwa Her grave was destroyed in 1998 7 8 The young Muhammad was taken in first by his paternal grandfather Abd al Muttalib in 577 and later by his paternal uncle Abu Talib ibn Abd al Muttalib 3 Fate in the afterlife Edit The alleged grave of Aminah bint Wahb in Al Abwa It was destroyed in 1998 Islamic scholars have long been divided over the religious beliefs of Muhammad s mother and her fate in the afterlife 9 One transmission by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah states that Allah God refused to forgive Aminah for her kufr disbelief Another transmission in Musnad al Bazzar states that the Muhammad s mother was brought back to life and accepted Islam then returned to the Barzakh 10 11 Some Ash ari and Shafi i scholars argued that neither would be punished in the afterlife as they were Ahl al fatrah or People of the interval between the prophetic messages of Isa Jesus and Muhammad 11 The concept of Ahl al fatrah is not universally accepted among Islamic scholars and there is debate concerning the extent of salvation available for active practitioners of Shirk Polytheism 12 though the majority of scholars have come to agree with it and disregard the ahadith narrations stating that Muhammad s parents were condemned to hell 9 While a work attributed to Abu Hanifah an early Sunni scholar stated that both Aminah and Abdullah died upon their innate nature Mata ala al fitrah 13 some later authors of mawlid texts related a tradition in which Aminah and Abdullah were temporarily revived and embraced Islam Scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah stated that this was a lie though Al Qurtubi stated that the concept did not disagree with Islamic theology 11 According to Ali al Qari the preferred view is that both the parents of Muhammad were Muslims 10 28 According to Al Suyuti Isma il Haqqi and other Islamic scholars all of the narrations indicating that the parents of Muhammad were not forgiven were later abrogated when they were brought to life and accepted Islam 10 24 Shia Muslims believe that all of Muhammad s ancestors Aminah included were monotheists and therefore entitled to Paradise A Shia tradition states that Allah forbade the fires of Hell from touching either of Muhammad s parents 14 See also EditAdnan Adnanite Arabs Family tree of Muhammad Banu Hashim Halah bint Wahb Sahaba Wahb name References Edit a b Al A zami Muhammad Mustafa 2003 The History of The Qur anic Text From Revelation to Compilation A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments UK Islamic Academy pp 22 24 ISBN 978 1 8725 3165 6 Muhammad Shibli Numani M Tayyib Bakhsh Badayuni 1979 Life of the Prophet Kazi Publications pp 148 150 a b c d Ibn Ishaq 1955 Ibn Hisham ed Life of Muhammad Translated by Alfred Guillaume Oxford University Press pp 68 79 Ibn Sa d Haq pp 107 108 Muhammad Prophet of Islam Encyclopaedia Britannica 28 September 2009 Retrieved 28 September 2009 Peters F E 1994 Muhammad and the Origins of Islam Albany New York the U S A State University of New York Press ISBN 0 7914 1876 6 Daniel Howden 18 April 2006 Shame of the House of Saud Shadows over Mecca The Independent Archived from the original on 2016 07 27 Retrieved 5 November 2018 Ondrej Beranek Pavel Tupek 2009 From Visiting Graves to Their Destruction The Question of Ziyara through the Eyes of Salafis Crown Paper Waltham Massachusetts the U S A Brandeis University OCLC 457230835 a b Brown Jonathan A C 2015 Misquoting Muhammad The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet s Legacy Oneworld Publications pp 188 189 a b c Mufti Muhammad Khan Qadri The Parents of the Prophet Muhammad were Muslims Suffah Foundation pp 11 28 a b Holmes Katz Marion 2007 The Birth of The Prophet Muhammad Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam Routledge p 126 128 ISBN 978 1 1359 8394 9 Rida Rashid 2 62 Tafsir al Manar pp 278 281 Archived from the original on 2018 11 05 Retrieved 2018 11 06 Dr Inayatullah Iblagh al Afghanistani Refuting the Claim that Imam Abu Hanifa was of the opinion that the Prophet s Parents were Kafirs Masud Rubin Uri 1975 Pre Existence and Light Aspects of the Concept of Nur Muhammad Israel Oriental Studies 5 75 88 External links EditVictory News Magazine Brill Encyclopedia Islamica Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aminah amp oldid 1131212750, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
