Ma'ya has five dialects: three on the island of Waigeo (Laganyan, Wauyai, and Kawe), one on Salawati, and one (extinct or nearly extinct) on Batanta. The prestige dialect is the one on Salawati. The Waigeo dialects have /s/ and /ʃ/, where the varieties spoken on Salawati and Misool have /t/ and /c/ respectively. Batanta, now extinct, was evidently unintelligible with its neighbours.[2]
Other sounds /ɪ,ʊ/ are considered archiphonemes, and can also phonetically occur as a result of /i,u/ within vowel clusters.[5]
ToneEdit
In Ma'ya both tone and stress are lexically distinctive.[2][6] This means both the stress and the pitch of a word may affect its meaning. The stress and tone are quite independent from one another, in contrast to their occurrence in Swedish and Serbo-Croatian. The language has three tonemes (high, rising and falling). Out of over a thousand Austronesian languages, there are only a dozen with lexical tone; in this case it appears to be a remnant of shift from Papuan languages.
Matbat language, a neighboring language with more extreme Papuan influence and five tones.
ReferencesEdit
^Salawati at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Kawe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Legenyem at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Wauyai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ abcRemijsen, Bert (2001). "Dialectal Variation in the Lexical Tone System of Ma'ya". Language and Speech. 44 (4): 473–499. doi:10.1177/00238309010440040301. PMID 12162695.
^Remijsen, Bert (November 2003), (PDF), IIAS Newsletter #32, p. 29, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-11
^Arnold, Laura Melissa (2018). Grammar of Ambel, an Austronesian language of Raja Ampat, west New Guinea (PhD). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/31120.
^van der Leeden, Alex C. (1993). Ma'ya: a language study. Seri Terbitan LIPI-RUL Jakarta: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia and Rijkuniversiteit te Leiden.
^Rivera-Castillo, Yolanda; Pickering, Lucy (2004). "Phonetic Correlates of Stress and Tone in a Mixed System". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages. 19 (2): 261–284. CiteSeerX10.1.1.538.9834. doi:10.1075/jpcl.19.2.02riv.
^Arnold, Laura. 2018. ‘A preliminary archaeology of tone in Raja Ampat’. In Antoinette Schapper, ed. Contact and substrate in the languages of Wallacea, Part 2. NUSA 64: 7–37. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1450778
Further readingEdit
van der Leeden, Alex (1993). Ma'ya: Phonology. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. p. 97. ISBN9789798258015.
October 21, 2023
language, confused, with, maya, languages, maiya, language, austronesian, language, raja, ampat, islands, southwest, papua, indonesia, spoken, about, people, coastal, villages, islands, misool, salawati, waigeo, spoken, boundary, between, austronesian, papuan,. Not to be confused with Maya languages or Maiya language Ma ya is an Austronesian language of the Raja Ampat islands in Southwest Papua Indonesia It is spoken by about 6 000 people in coastal villages on the islands Misool Salawati and Waigeo 2 It is spoken on the boundary between Austronesian and Papuan languages 3 Ma yaNative toIndonesiaRegionRaja Ampat IslandsNative speakers5 000 2000 2001 1 Language familyAustronesian Malayo PolynesianCentral Eastern Malayo PolynesianEastern Malayo PolynesianSouth Halmahera West New GuineaHalmahera SeaMaya MatbatMa yaLanguage codesISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code slz class extiw title iso639 3 slz slz a Salawati a href https iso639 3 sil org code kgb class extiw title iso639 3 kgb kgb a Kawe a href https iso639 3 sil org code lcc class extiw title iso639 3 lcc lcc a Legenyem a href https iso639 3 sil org code wuy class extiw title iso639 3 wuy wuy a WauyaiGlottolograja1258ELPLegenyemMa yaCoordinates 0 52 S 130 39 E 0 86 S 130 65 E 0 86 130 65 Contents 1 Dialects 2 Phonology 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 2 3 Tone 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingDialects EditMa ya has five dialects three on the island of Waigeo Laganyan Wauyai and Kawe one on Salawati and one extinct or nearly extinct on Batanta The prestige dialect is the one on Salawati The Waigeo dialects have s and ʃ where the varieties spoken on Salawati and Misool have t and c respectively Batanta now extinct was evidently unintelligible with its neighbours 2 On Waigeo Island the three dialects are 4 6 The Kawe dialect in Selpele and Salyo villages in the northwest part of the island The Laganyan dialect is spoken in Araway Beo and Luptintol villages on the Mayalibit Bay coast The Wauyai dialect is spoken in Wauyai village on the Kabui Bay coast Phonology EditConsonants Edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalPlosive voiceless p t k ʔ voiced b d ɡNasal m n ŋ Fricative f sTap ɾLateral lApproximant w jTwelve consonants may also be heard as palatalized pʲ bʲ tʲ dʲ kʲ ɡʲ fʲ sʲ mʲ nʲ lʲ wʲ When in word final position six plosives can occur as unreleased p b t d k ɡ as well as nasals m n ŋ l can be heard as retroflex ɭ in word final positions and when preceded by a back vowel s can be pronounced as ʃ when between two i vowel sounds ɾ can also be heard as a trill r when in word final positions n can be heard as a velar ŋ when preceding velar stops ŋ may also be a loan phoneme The glottal stop ʔ is heard mostly phonetically in word initial position before initial vowels Other sounds ɦ x z may also occur as a result of Arabic and Indonesian loanwords Vowels Edit Front Central BackClose i uMid e ɔOpen aPhoneme Allophones e e e ɛ a a a ɔ ɔ ɔ o Other sounds ɪ ʊ are considered archiphonemes and can also phonetically occur as a result of i u within vowel clusters 5 Tone Edit In Ma ya both tone and stress are lexically distinctive 2 6 This means both the stress and the pitch of a word may affect its meaning The stress and tone are quite independent from one another in contrast to their occurrence in Swedish and Serbo Croatian The language has three tonemes high rising and falling Out of over a thousand Austronesian languages there are only a dozen with lexical tone in this case it appears to be a remnant of shift from Papuan languages Lexical tone is found only in final syllables 7 See also EditMatbat language a neighboring language with more extreme Papuan influence and five tones References Edit Salawati at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Kawe at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Legenyem at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Wauyai at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required a b c Remijsen Bert 2001 Dialectal Variation in the Lexical Tone System of Ma ya Language and Speech 44 4 473 499 doi 10 1177 00238309010440040301 PMID 12162695 Remijsen Bert November 2003 New Perspectives in Word Prosodic Typology PDF IIAS Newsletter 32 p 29 archived from the original PDF on 2011 06 11 Arnold Laura Melissa 2018 Grammar of Ambel an Austronesian language of Raja Ampat west New Guinea PhD University of Edinburgh hdl 1842 31120 van der Leeden Alex C 1993 Ma ya a language study Seri Terbitan LIPI RUL Jakarta Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia and Rijkuniversiteit te Leiden Rivera Castillo Yolanda Pickering Lucy 2004 Phonetic Correlates of Stress and Tone in a Mixed System Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 19 2 261 284 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 538 9834 doi 10 1075 jpcl 19 2 02riv Arnold Laura 2018 A preliminary archaeology of tone in Raja Ampat In Antoinette Schapper ed Contact and substrate in the languages of Wallacea Part 2 NUSA 64 7 37 doi 10 5281 zenodo 1450778Further reading Editvan der Leeden Alex 1993 Ma ya Phonology Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia p 97 ISBN 9789798258015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ma 27ya language amp oldid 1137329077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
