List of vice presidents of the United States

There have been 49 vice presidents of the United States since the office was created in 1789. Originally, the vice president was the person who received the second-most votes for president in the Electoral College. But after the election of 1800 produced a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, requiring the House of Representatives to choose between them, lawmakers acted to prevent such a situation from recurring. The Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution in 1804, creating the current system where electors cast a separate ballot for the vice presidency.^[1]

Number One Observatory Circle, the official residence of the vice president of the United States, pictured in July 2001

The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of succession—that is, they assume the presidency if the president dies, resigns, or is impeached and removed from office.^[2] Nine vice presidents have ascended to the presidency in this way: eight (John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, Chester A. Arthur, Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, Harry S. Truman, and Lyndon B. Johnson) through the president's death and one (Gerald Ford) through the president's resignation. The vice president also serves as the president of the Senate and may choose to cast a tie-breaking vote on decisions made by the Senate. Vice presidents have exercised this latter power to varying extents over the years.^[1]

Before adoption of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the office of the vice president could not be filled until the next post-election inauguration. Several such vacancies occurred: seven vice presidents died, one resigned and eight succeeded to the presidency. This amendment allowed for a vacancy to be filled through appointment by the president and confirmation by both chambers of the Congress. Since its ratification, the vice presidency has been vacant twice (both in the context of scandals surrounding the Nixon administration) and was filled both times through this process, namely in 1973 following Spiro Agnew's resignation, and again in 1974 after Gerald Ford succeeded to the presidency.^[1] The amendment also established a procedure whereby a vice president may, if the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the office, temporarily assume the powers and duties of the office as acting president. Three vice presidents have briefly acted as president under the 25th Amendment: George H. W. Bush on July 13, 1985; Dick Cheney on June 29, 2002, and on July 21, 2007; and Kamala Harris on November 19, 2021.

The persons who have served as vice president were born in or primarily affiliated with 27 states plus the District of Columbia. New York has produced the most of any state as eight have been born there and three others considered it their home state. Most vice presidents have been in their 50s or 60s and had political experience before assuming the office.^[1] Two vice presidents—George Clinton and John C. Calhoun—served under more than one president. Ill with tuberculosis and recovering in Cuba on Inauguration Day in 1853, William R. King, by an Act of Congress, was allowed to take the oath outside the United States. He is the only vice president to take his oath of office in a foreign country.

Vice presidents

No.^[a]	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term	Party^[b]		Election	President
1		John Adams (1735–1826) ^[3]^[4]^[5]	April 21, 1789^[c] – March 4, 1797		Pro-Administration^[d]	1788–89	George Washington^[e]
					Federalist	1792
2		Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) ^[6]^[7]^[8]	March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801		Democratic-Republican	1796	John Adams^[f]
3		Aaron Burr (1756–1836) ^[9]	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805		Democratic-Republican	1800	Thomas Jefferson
4		George Clinton^[g] (1739–1812) ^[10]	March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812		Democratic-Republican	1804
						1808	James Madison
	Office vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813^[h]
5		Elbridge Gerry^[g] (1744–1814) ^[11]	March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814		Democratic-Republican	1812
	Office vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817^[h]
6		Daniel D. Tompkins (1774–1825) ^[12]	March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825		Democratic-Republican	1816	James Monroe
						1820
7		John C. Calhoun^[i] (1782–1850) ^[13]	March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832		Democratic-Republican	1824	John Q. Adams
					Nullifier^[j]	1828	Andrew Jackson^[k]
	Office vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833^[h]
8		Martin Van Buren (1782–1862) ^[14]^[15]^[16]	March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837		Democratic	1832
9		Richard Mentor Johnson (1780–1850) ^[17]	March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841		Democratic	1836	Martin Van Buren
10		John Tyler^[l] (1790–1862) ^[18]^[19]^[20]	March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841		Whig^[m]	1840	William H. Harrison
	Office vacant April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845^[h]						John Tyler
11		George M. Dallas (1792–1864) ^[21]	March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849		Democratic	1844	James K. Polk
12		Millard Fillmore^[l] (1800–1874) ^[22]^[23]^[24]	March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850		Whig	1848	Zachary Taylor
	Office vacant July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853^[h]						Millard Fillmore
13		William R. King^[g] (1786–1853) ^[25]	March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853		Democratic	1852	Franklin Pierce
	Office vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857^[h]
14		John C. Breckinridge (1821–1875) ^[26]	March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861		Democratic	1856	James Buchanan
15		Hannibal Hamlin (1809–1891) ^[27]	March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865		Republican	1860	Abraham Lincoln
16		Andrew Johnson^[l] (1808–1875) ^[28]^[29]^[30]	March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865		National Union^[n]	1864
	Office vacant April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869^[h]						Andrew Johnson
17		Schuyler Colfax (1823–1885) ^[31]	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873		Republican	1868	Ulysses S. Grant
18		Henry Wilson^[g] (1812–1875) ^[32]	March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875		Republican	1872
	Office vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877^[h]
19		William A. Wheeler (1819–1887) ^[33]	March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881		Republican	1876	Rutherford B. Hayes
20		Chester A. Arthur^[l] (1829–1886) ^[34]^[35]^[36]	March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881		Republican	1880	James A. Garfield
	Office vacant September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885^[h]						Chester A. Arthur
21		Thomas A. Hendricks^[g] (1819–1885) ^[37]	March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885		Democratic	1884	Grover Cleveland
	Office vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889^[h]
22		Levi P. Morton (1824–1920) ^[38]	March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893		Republican	1888	Benjamin Harrison
23		Adlai Stevenson I (1835–1914) ^[39]	March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897		Democratic	1892	Grover Cleveland
24		Garret Hobart^[g] (1844–1899) ^[40]	March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899		Republican	1896	William McKinley
	Office vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901^[h]
25		Theodore Roosevelt^[l] (1858–1919) ^[41]^[42]^[43]	March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901		Republican	1900
	Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905^[h]						Theodore Roosevelt
26		Charles W. Fairbanks (1852–1918) ^[44]	March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909		Republican	1904
27		James S. Sherman^[g] (1855–1912) ^[45]	March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912		Republican	1908	William H. Taft
	Office vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913^[h]
28		Thomas R. Marshall (1854–1925) ^[46]	March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921		Democratic	1912	Woodrow Wilson
						1916
29		Calvin Coolidge^[l] (1872–1933) ^[47]^[48]^[49]	March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923		Republican	1920	Warren G. Harding
	Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925^[h]						Calvin Coolidge
30		Charles G. Dawes (1865–1951) ^[50]	March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929		Republican	1924
31		Charles Curtis (1860–1936) ^[51]	March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933		Republican	1928	Herbert Hoover
32		John Nance Garner (1868–1967) ^[52]	March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941		Democratic	1932	Franklin D. Roosevelt
						1936
33		Henry A. Wallace (1888–1965) ^[53]	January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945		Democratic	1940
34		Harry S. Truman^[l] (1884–1972) ^[54]^[55]^[56]	January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945		Democratic	1944
	Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949^[h]						Harry S. Truman
35		Alben W. Barkley (1877–1956) ^[57]	January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953		Democratic	1948
36		Richard Nixon (1913–1994) ^[58]^[59]^[60]	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961		Republican	1952	Dwight D. Eisenhower
						1956
37		Lyndon B. Johnson^[l] (1908–1973) ^[61]^[62]	January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963		Democratic	1960	John F. Kennedy
	Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965^[h]						Lyndon B. Johnson
38		Hubert Humphrey (1911–1978) ^[63]	January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969		Democratic	1964
39		Spiro Agnew^[i] (1918–1996) ^[64]	January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973		Republican	1968	Richard Nixon
						1972
	Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973^[o]
40		Gerald Ford^[l] (1913–2006) ^[65]^[66]^[67]	December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974		Republican
	Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974^[o]						Gerald Ford
41		Nelson Rockefeller (1908–1979) ^[68]	December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977		Republican
42		Walter Mondale (1928–2021) ^[69]	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981		Democratic	1976	Jimmy Carter
43		George H. W. Bush (1924–2018) ^[70]^[71]^[72]	January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989		Republican	1980	Ronald Reagan
						1984
44		Dan Quayle (b. 1947) ^[73]	January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993		Republican	1988	George H. W. Bush
45		Al Gore (b. 1948) ^[74]	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001		Democratic	1992	Bill Clinton
						1996
46		Dick Cheney (b. 1941) ^[75]	January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009		Republican	2000	George W. Bush
						2004
47		Joe Biden (b. 1942) ^[76]	January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017		Democratic	2008	Barack Obama
						2012
48		Mike Pence (b. 1959) ^[77]^[78]	January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021		Republican	2016	Donald Trump
49		Kamala Harris (b. 1964)	January 20, 2021 – Incumbent		Democratic	2020	Joe Biden

See also

•  United States portal
•  Politics portal
•  Lists portal
•  Biography portal

• Acting President of the United States
• Founding Fathers of the United States
• List of presidents of the United States
• Presiding Officer of the United States Senate
• United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection

Notes

1. The U.S. vice presidents are counted according to uninterrupted periods of time served by the same person. For example, John Adams served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first vice president (not the first and second). Likewise, George Clinton is counted as the fourth and John Calhoun as the seventh, even though each one's consecutive terms in office were served under more than one president. Following the resignation of 39th vice president Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford became the 40th vice president even though he was chosen to serve out the remainder of Agnew's second term. Then, after Ford succeeded to the presidency later in that same term, Nelson Rockefeller became the 41st vice president and served out the remainder of the term.
2. Reflects the vice president's political party at the start of their vice presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted. Also reflects the president's political party unless otherwise noted beside the individual's name.
3. Due to logistical delays, John Adams assumed the vice presidency 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789, scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who served a full term.
4. Pro-Administration is a contemporary term for the supporters of the political and economic policies of the Washington administration prior to the formation of the Federalist and Democratic–Republican parties.
5. George Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. Greatly concerned about the very real capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, he was, and remains, the only U.S. president never to be affiliated with a political party.
6. The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and resulted in a situation where the persons elected president and vice president belonged to opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president.
7. Died in office
8. Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, February 10, 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.
9. Resigned from office
10. John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the political coalition emerging around Jackson.
11. Andrew Jackson's supporters from the former Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by the mid-1820s, began calling themselves 'Democrat' during his first term in office, thus marking the evolution of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party into the modern Democratic Party.
12. Succeeded to the presidency intra-term.
13. John Tyler was elected vice president on the Whig Party ticket in 1840. His policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841.
14. When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.
15. The Twenty-fifth Amendment established a process whereby an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency is filled by presidential appointment.

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External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vice Presidents of the United States.

• Vice presidents of the United States. CNN. July 22, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
• Mark O. Hatfield, et al.; edited by Wendy Wolff (1997). Vice Presidents of the United States 1789–1993. U.S. Senate Historical Office. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington.