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1808 United States presidential election

The 1808 United States presidential election was the sixth quadrennial presidential election, held from Friday, November 4, to Wednesday, December 7, 1808. The Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney decisively.

1808 United States presidential election

← 1804 November 4 – December 7, 1808 1812 →

176 members of the Electoral College
89 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout36.8%[1] 13.0 pp
 
Nominee James Madison Charles C. Pinckney
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Home state Virginia South Carolina
Running mate George Clinton Rufus King
Electoral vote 122 47
States carried 12 5
Popular vote 124,732 62,431
Percentage 64.8% 32.4%

1808 United States presidential election in Massachusetts1808 United States presidential election in New Hampshire1808 United States presidential election in Massachusetts1808 United States presidential election in Rhode Island1808 United States presidential election in Connecticut1808 United States presidential election in New York1808 United States presidential election in Vermont1808 United States presidential election in New Jersey1808 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania1808 United States presidential election in Delaware1808 United States presidential election in Maryland1808 United States presidential election in Virginia1808 United States presidential election in Ohio1808 United States presidential election in Kentucky1808 United States presidential election in Tennessee1808 United States presidential election in North Carolina1808 United States presidential election in South Carolina1808 United States presidential election in Georgia
Presidential election results map. Green denotes states won by Madison, Orange denotes states won by Pinckney, and light green denotes states won by Clinton. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes cast by each state.

President before election

Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican

Elected President

James Madison
Democratic-Republican

Madison had served as Secretary of State since President Thomas Jefferson took office in 1801. Jefferson, who had declined to run for a third term, threw his strong support behind Madison, a fellow Virginian. Sitting Vice President George Clinton and former Ambassador James Monroe both challenged Madison for leadership of the party, but Madison won his party's nomination and Clinton was re-nominated as vice president. The Federalists chose to re-nominate Pinckney, a former ambassador who had served as the party's 1804 nominee, again alongside Rufus King.

Despite the unpopularity of the Embargo Act of 1807, Madison won the vast majority of electoral votes outside of the Federalist stronghold of New England. Clinton received six electoral votes for president from his home state of New York. This election was the first of two instances in American history in which a new president was selected but the incumbent vice president won re-election, the other being in 1828.

Nominations edit

Democratic-Republican Party nomination edit

 
Democratic-Republican Party
1808 Democratic-Republican Party Ticket
James Madison George Clinton
for President for Vice President
 
 
5th
U.S. Secretary of State
(1801–1809)
4th
Vice President of the United States
(1805–1812)
 
Thomas Jefferson, the incumbent president in 1808, whose second term expired on March 4, 1809

Presidential candidates edit

Vice-presidential candidates edit

Caucus edit

Senator Stephen R. Bradley, who had chaired the congressional nominating caucus during the 1804 presidential election, made a call for the 1808 caucus to the 146 Democratic-Republican members of the United States Congress and Federalist allies. The caucus was attended by 89 to 94 members of Congress.[2]

The caucus was held in January 1808. With the support of outgoing President Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State James Madison won the presidential nomination over opposing candidates James Monroe and Vice President George Clinton. The caucus voted to give the vice presidential nomination to Clinton over his main opponent John Langdon, although Clinton's supporters believed Clinton would receive the Federalist Party's presidential nomination. The Federalists instead nominated Charles Cotesworth Pinckney that September. A committee of fifteen members was selected to manage Madison's campaign.[2][3]

Seventeen Democratic-Republicans in Congress opposed Madison's selection and the caucus system whose authority to select presidential and vice-presidential candidates was disputed. Clinton also opposed the caucus system.[2] Monroe was nominated by a group of Virginia Democratic-Republicans, and although he did not actively try to defeat Madison, he also refused to withdraw from the race.[4] Clinton was also supported by a group of New York Democratic-Republicans for president even as he remained the party's official vice presidential candidate.[5]

Balloting edit

Presidential Ballot Total Vice Presidential Ballot Total
James Madison 83 George Clinton 79
James Monroe 3 John Langdon 5
George Clinton 3 Henry Dearborn 3
John Quincy Adams 1

Federalist Party nomination edit

 
Federalist Party
1808 Federalist Party Ticket
Charles C. Pinckney Rufus King
for President for Vice President
 
 
6th U.S. Minister
to France

(1796–1797)
3rd U.S. Minister
to Great Britain

(1796–1803)

The Federalist caucus met in September 1808 and re-nominated the party's 1804 ticket, which consisted of General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina and former Senator Rufus King of New York.[6] This was the only time in American history that a defeated major party renominated its losing ticket for a second time.

General election edit

Campaign edit

The election was marked by opposition to Jefferson's Embargo Act of 1807, a halt to trade with Europe that disproportionately hurt New England merchants and was perceived as favoring France over Britain. Nonetheless, Jefferson was still very popular with Americans generally and Pinckney was soundly defeated by Madison, though not as badly as in 1804. Pinckney received few electoral votes outside of New England.

Results edit

 
 

Pinckney retained the electoral votes of the two states that he carried in 1804 (Connecticut and Delaware), and he also picked up New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and three electoral districts in North Carolina besides the two electoral districts in Maryland that he carried earlier. Except for the North Carolina districts, all of the improvement was in New England.

Monroe won a portion of the popular vote in Virginia and North Carolina,[4] while the New York legislature split its electoral votes between Madison and Clinton.[5]

 

Electoral results
Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote(a), (b) Electoral
vote(c)
Running mate
Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote(c)
James Madison Democratic-Republican Virginia 124,732 64.7% 122 George Clinton (incumbent) New York 113
John Langdon New Hampshire 9
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Federalist South Carolina 62,431 32.4% 47 Rufus King New York 47
George Clinton Democratic-Republican New York 6 James Madison Virginia 3
James Monroe Virginia 3
James Monroe Democratic-Republican Virginia 4,848 2.5% 0 None N/A 0
Unpledged electors None N/A 680 0.4% 0 N/A N/A 0
Total 192,691 100% 175 175
Needed to win 89 89

Source (Popular Vote): United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State[7]
Source (Popular Vote): A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825[8]
Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 30, 2005.

(a) Only 10 of the 17 states chose electors by popular vote.
(b) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements.
(c) One Elector from Kentucky did not vote.

Popular vote by state edit

The popular vote totals used are the elector from each party with the highest total of votes. The vote totals of North Carolina and Tennessee appear to be incomplete.

State James Madison

Democratic-Republican

Charles C. Pinckney

Federalist

James Monroe

Democratic-Republican

Margin Citation
# % # % # %
Kentucky 2,679 98.02% 54 1.98% No ballots 2,625 96.04% [9]
Maryland 15,336 63.31% 8,886 36.69% No ballots 6,450 26.62% [10]
New Hampshire 12,793 47.60% 14,085 52.40% No ballots -1,292 -4.80% [11]
New Jersey 18,670 55.97% 14,687 44.03% No ballots 3,983 11.94% [12]
North Carolina 8,829 51.08% 7,523 43.53% 931 5.39% 1,306 7.55% [13]
Ohio 3,645 60.82% 1,174 19.59% 1,174 19.59% 2,471 41.23% [14]
Pennsylvania 42,518 78.37% 11,735 21.63% No ballots 30,783 56.74% [15]
Rhode Island 2,692 46.70% 3,072 53.30% No ballots -380 -6.60% [16]
Tennessee 1,016 11 No ballots [17]
Virginia 15,683 78.62% 761 3.81% 3,505 17.57% 12,178 61.05% [18]

States that flipped from Democratic-Republican to Federalist edit

Close states edit

States where the margin of victory was under 5%:

  1. New Hampshire, 4.8% (1,292 votes)

States where the margin of victory was under 10%:

  1. Rhode Island, 6.6% (380 votes)
  2. North Carolina, 7.55% (1,306 votes)
Popular vote
Madison
64.7%
Pinckney
32.4%
Electoral vote—President
Madison
69.3%
Pinckney
26.7%
Clinton
3.4%
Electoral vote—Vice President
Clinton
64.2%
King
26.7%

Electoral college selection edit

 
Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of blue are for Madison (Democratic-Republican), shades of yellow are for Pinckney (Federalist), and shades of green are for Monroe (Democratic-Republican).
Method of choosing electors State(s)
Each Elector appointed by state legislature
Each Elector chosen by voters statewide

State is divided into two electoral districts and half the electors are chosen from each district.

Kentucky
State is divided into electoral districts, with one Elector chosen per district by the voters of that district

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press. from the original on November 14, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c National Party Conventions, 1831-1976. Congressional Quarterly. 1979.
  3. ^ Sabato, Larry; Ernst, Howard (January 1, 2009). Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections. Infobase Publishing. pp. 302–304.
  4. ^ a b Ammon, Harry (1963). "James Monroe and the Election of 1808 in Virginia". The William and Mary Quarterly. 20 (1): 33–56. doi:10.2307/1921354. JSTOR 1921354.
  5. ^ a b Kaminski, John P. (1993). George Clinton: Yeoman Politician of the New Republic. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 281–288. ISBN 9780945612186. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  6. ^ Deskins, Donald Richard; Walton, Hanes; Puckett, Sherman (2010). Presidential Elections, 1789-2008: County, State, and National Mapping of Election Data. University of Michigan Press. pp. 49–50.
  7. ^ Dubin, Michael J. (2002). United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. p. 15. ISBN 9780786410170.
  8. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. from the original on May 13, 2018.
  9. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  10. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  11. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  12. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  13. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  14. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  15. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  16. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  17. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  18. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

Further reading edit

  • Brant, Irving, "Election of 1808" in Arthur Meier Schlesinger and Fred L. Israel, eds. History of American presidential elections, 1789-1968: Volume 1 (1971) pp 185-249
  • Carson, David A. "Quiddism and the Reluctant Candidacy of James Monroe in the Election of 1808," Mid-America 1988 70(2): 79–89

External links edit

  • Election of 1808 in Counting the Votes October 1, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
  • Presidential Election of 1808: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
  • "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College". The Green Papers. Retrieved March 20, 2005.

1808, united, states, presidential, election, sixth, quadrennial, presidential, election, held, from, friday, november, wednesday, december, 1808, democratic, republican, candidate, james, madison, defeated, federalist, candidate, charles, cotesworth, pinckney. The 1808 United States presidential election was the sixth quadrennial presidential election held from Friday November 4 to Wednesday December 7 1808 The Democratic Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney decisively 1808 United States presidential election 1804 November 4 December 7 1808 1812 176 members of the Electoral College89 electoral votes needed to winTurnout36 8 1 13 0 pp Nominee James Madison Charles C Pinckney Party Democratic Republican Federalist Home state Virginia South Carolina Running mate George Clinton Rufus King Electoral vote 122 47 States carried 12 5 Popular vote 124 732 62 431 Percentage 64 8 32 4 Presidential election results map Green denotes states won by Madison Orange denotes states won by Pinckney and light green denotes states won by Clinton Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes cast by each state President before election Thomas Jefferson Democratic Republican Elected President James Madison Democratic Republican Madison had served as Secretary of State since President Thomas Jefferson took office in 1801 Jefferson who had declined to run for a third term threw his strong support behind Madison a fellow Virginian Sitting Vice President George Clinton and former Ambassador James Monroe both challenged Madison for leadership of the party but Madison won his party s nomination and Clinton was re nominated as vice president The Federalists chose to re nominate Pinckney a former ambassador who had served as the party s 1804 nominee again alongside Rufus King Despite the unpopularity of the Embargo Act of 1807 Madison won the vast majority of electoral votes outside of the Federalist stronghold of New England Clinton received six electoral votes for president from his home state of New York This election was the first of two instances in American history in which a new president was selected but the incumbent vice president won re election the other being in 1828 Contents 1 Nominations 1 1 Democratic Republican Party nomination 1 1 1 Presidential candidates 1 1 2 Vice presidential candidates 1 1 3 Caucus 1 1 4 Balloting 1 2 Federalist Party nomination 2 General election 2 1 Campaign 2 2 Results 2 3 Popular vote by state 2 4 States that flipped from Democratic Republican to Federalist 2 5 Close states 3 Electoral college selection 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksNominations editDemocratic Republican Party nomination edit nbsp Democratic Republican Party1808 Democratic Republican Party Ticket James Madison George Clinton for President for Vice President nbsp nbsp 5thU S Secretary of State 1801 1809 4thVice President of the United States 1805 1812 nbsp Thomas Jefferson the incumbent president in 1808 whose second term expired on March 4 1809 Presidential candidates edit James Madison Virginia Secretary of State James Monroe Virginia Former U S Ambassador to the United Kingdom George Clinton New York Vice President of the United States nbsp Secretary of State James Madison from Virginia nbsp Former U S Ambassador James Monroe from Virginia nbsp Vice President George Clinton from New York Vice presidential candidates edit George Clinton New York Vice President of the United States John Langdon New Hampshire Governor Henry Dearborn Massachusetts Secretary of War John Quincy Adams Massachusetts United States Senator nbsp Vice President George Clinton from New York nbsp Governor John Langdon from New Hampshire nbsp Secretary of War Henry Dearborn from Massachusetts nbsp Senator John Quincy Adamsfrom Massachusetts Caucus edit Senator Stephen R Bradley who had chaired the congressional nominating caucus during the 1804 presidential election made a call for the 1808 caucus to the 146 Democratic Republican members of the United States Congress and Federalist allies The caucus was attended by 89 to 94 members of Congress 2 The caucus was held in January 1808 With the support of outgoing President Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State James Madison won the presidential nomination over opposing candidates James Monroe and Vice President George Clinton The caucus voted to give the vice presidential nomination to Clinton over his main opponent John Langdon although Clinton s supporters believed Clinton would receive the Federalist Party s presidential nomination The Federalists instead nominated Charles Cotesworth Pinckney that September A committee of fifteen members was selected to manage Madison s campaign 2 3 Seventeen Democratic Republicans in Congress opposed Madison s selection and the caucus system whose authority to select presidential and vice presidential candidates was disputed Clinton also opposed the caucus system 2 Monroe was nominated by a group of Virginia Democratic Republicans and although he did not actively try to defeat Madison he also refused to withdraw from the race 4 Clinton was also supported by a group of New York Democratic Republicans for president even as he remained the party s official vice presidential candidate 5 Balloting edit Presidential Ballot Total Vice Presidential Ballot Total James Madison 83 George Clinton 79 James Monroe 3 John Langdon 5 George Clinton 3 Henry Dearborn 3 John Quincy Adams 1 Federalist Party nomination edit nbsp Federalist Party1808 Federalist Party Ticket Charles C Pinckney Rufus King for President for Vice President nbsp nbsp 6th U S Ministerto France 1796 1797 3rd U S Ministerto Great Britain 1796 1803 The Federalist caucus met in September 1808 and re nominated the party s 1804 ticket which consisted of General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina and former Senator Rufus King of New York 6 This was the only time in American history that a defeated major party renominated its losing ticket for a second time General election editCampaign edit The election was marked by opposition to Jefferson s Embargo Act of 1807 a halt to trade with Europe that disproportionately hurt New England merchants and was perceived as favoring France over Britain Nonetheless Jefferson was still very popular with Americans generally and Pinckney was soundly defeated by Madison though not as badly as in 1804 Pinckney received few electoral votes outside of New England Results edit nbsp nbsp Pinckney retained the electoral votes of the two states that he carried in 1804 Connecticut and Delaware and he also picked up New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island and three electoral districts in North Carolina besides the two electoral districts in Maryland that he carried earlier Except for the North Carolina districts all of the improvement was in New England Monroe won a portion of the popular vote in Virginia and North Carolina 4 while the New York legislature split its electoral votes between Madison and Clinton 5 nbsp Electoral results Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote a b Electoralvote c Running mate Count Percentage Vice presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote c James Madison Democratic Republican Virginia 124 732 64 7 122 George Clinton incumbent New York 113 John Langdon New Hampshire 9 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Federalist South Carolina 62 431 32 4 47 Rufus King New York 47 George Clinton Democratic Republican New York 6 James Madison Virginia 3 James Monroe Virginia 3 James Monroe Democratic Republican Virginia 4 848 2 5 0 None N A 0 Unpledged electors None N A 680 0 4 0 N A N A 0 Total 192 691 100 175 175 Needed to win 89 89 Source Popular Vote United States Presidential Elections 1788 1860 The Official Results by County and State 7 Source Popular Vote A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 8 Source Electoral Vote Electoral College Box Scores 1789 1996 National Archives and Records Administration Retrieved July 30 2005 a Only 10 of the 17 states chose electors by popular vote b Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements c One Elector from Kentucky did not vote Popular vote by state edit The popular vote totals used are the elector from each party with the highest total of votes The vote totals of North Carolina and Tennessee appear to be incomplete State James Madison Democratic Republican Charles C Pinckney Federalist James Monroe Democratic Republican Margin Citation Kentucky 2 679 98 02 54 1 98 No ballots 2 625 96 04 9 Maryland 15 336 63 31 8 886 36 69 No ballots 6 450 26 62 10 New Hampshire 12 793 47 60 14 085 52 40 No ballots 1 292 4 80 11 New Jersey 18 670 55 97 14 687 44 03 No ballots 3 983 11 94 12 North Carolina 8 829 51 08 7 523 43 53 931 5 39 1 306 7 55 13 Ohio 3 645 60 82 1 174 19 59 1 174 19 59 2 471 41 23 14 Pennsylvania 42 518 78 37 11 735 21 63 No ballots 30 783 56 74 15 Rhode Island 2 692 46 70 3 072 53 30 No ballots 380 6 60 16 Tennessee 1 016 11 No ballots 17 Virginia 15 683 78 62 761 3 81 3 505 17 57 12 178 61 05 18 States that flipped from Democratic Republican to Federalist edit Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Close states edit States where the margin of victory was under 5 New Hampshire 4 8 1 292 votes States where the margin of victory was under 10 Rhode Island 6 6 380 votes North Carolina 7 55 1 306 votes Popular vote Madison 64 7 Pinckney 32 4 Electoral vote President Madison 69 3 Pinckney 26 7 Clinton 3 4 Electoral vote Vice President Clinton 64 2 King 26 7 Electoral college selection edit nbsp Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county Shades of blue are for Madison Democratic Republican shades of yellow are for Pinckney Federalist and shades of green are for Monroe Democratic Republican Method of choosing electors State s Each Elector appointed by state legislature Connecticut Delaware Georgia Massachusetts New York South Carolina Vermont Each Elector chosen by voters statewide New Hampshire New Jersey Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Virginia State is divided into two electoral districts and half the electors are chosen from each district Kentucky State is divided into electoral districts with one Elector chosen per district by the voters of that district Maryland North Carolina TennesseeSee also editHistory of the United States 1789 1849 First inauguration of James Madison 1808 09 United States House of Representatives elections 1808 09 United States Senate electionsReferences edit National General Election VEP Turnout Rates 1789 Present United States Election Project CQ Press Archived from the original on November 14 2016 a b c National Party Conventions 1831 1976 Congressional Quarterly 1979 Sabato Larry Ernst Howard January 1 2009 Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections Infobase Publishing pp 302 304 a b Ammon Harry 1963 James Monroe and the Election of 1808 in Virginia The William and Mary Quarterly 20 1 33 56 doi 10 2307 1921354 JSTOR 1921354 a b Kaminski John P 1993 George Clinton Yeoman Politician of the New Republic Rowman amp Littlefield pp 281 288 ISBN 9780945612186 Retrieved October 12 2015 Deskins Donald Richard Walton Hanes Puckett Sherman 2010 Presidential Elections 1789 2008 County State and National Mapping of Election Data University of Michigan Press pp 49 50 Dubin Michael J 2002 United States Presidential Elections 1788 1860 The Official Results by County and State Jefferson McFarland amp Company p 15 ISBN 9780786410170 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Archived from the original on May 13 2018 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 A New Nation Votes elections lib tufts edu Retrieved October 8 2020 Further reading editBrant Irving Election of 1808 in Arthur Meier Schlesinger and Fred L Israel eds History of American presidential elections 1789 1968 Volume 1 1971 pp 185 249 Carson David A Quiddism and the Reluctant Candidacy of James Monroe in the Election of 1808 Mid America 1988 70 2 79 89External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States presidential election 1808 Election of 1808 in Counting the Votes Archived October 1 2019 at the Wayback Machine Presidential Election of 1808 A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College The Green Papers Retrieved March 20 2005 A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1808 United States presidential election amp oldid 1219522929, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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