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1884 United States presidential election

The 1884 United States presidential election was the 25th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1884. In the election, Governor Grover Cleveland of New York defeated Republican James G. Blaine of Maine. It was set apart by unpleasant mudslinging and shameful personal allegations that eclipsed substantive issues, such as civil administration change. Cleveland was the first Democrat elected President of the United States since James Buchanan in 1856, the first to hold office since Andrew Johnson left the White House in 1869, and the last to hold office until Woodrow Wilson, who began his first term in 1913. For this reason, 1884 is a significant election in U.S. political history, marking an interruption in the era when Republicans largely controlled the presidency between Reconstruction and the Great Depression.

1884 United States presidential election

← 1880 November 4, 1884 1888 →

401 members of the Electoral College
201 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout77.5%[1] 0.5 pp
 
Nominee Grover Cleveland James G. Blaine
Party Democratic Republican
Home state New York Maine
Running mate Thomas A. Hendricks John A. Logan
Electoral vote 219 182
States carried 20 18
Popular vote 4,914,482 4,856,905
Percentage 48.8% 48.3%

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Presidential election results map. Blue denotes those won by Cleveland/Hendricks, red denotes states won by Blaine/Logan. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

Chester A. Arthur
Republican

Elected President

Grover Cleveland
Democratic

Cleveland won the presidential nomination on the second ballot of the 1884 Democratic National Convention. President Chester A. Arthur had acceded to the presidency in 1881 following the assassination of James A. Garfield, but he was unsuccessful in his bid for nomination to a full term. Blaine, who had served as Secretary of State under President Garfield, defeated Arthur and other candidates on the fourth ballot of the 1884 Republican National Convention. A group of reformist Republicans known as "Mugwumps" abandoned Blaine's candidacy, viewing him as corrupt. The campaign was marred by exceptional political acrimony and personal invective. Blaine's reputation for public corruption and his inadvertent last-minute alienation of Catholic voters proved decisive.

In the election, Cleveland won 48.9% of the nationwide popular vote and 219 electoral votes, carrying the Solid South and several key swing states. Blaine won 48.3% of the popular vote and 182 electoral votes. Cleveland won his home state by just 1,149 votes; had he lost New York, he would have lost the election. Two third-party candidates, John St. John of the Prohibition Party and Benjamin Butler of the Greenback Party and the Anti-Monopoly Party, each won less than 2% of the popular vote. Blaine was the last former Secretary of State to be nominated by a major political party until the nomination of Hillary Clinton in 2016, while Cleveland became the only sitting Democratic president between the end of the Civil War and the election of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 United States presidential election, a span of almost 50 years. Blaine, similarly, also became the only Republican nominee in the 56-year period between 1860 and 1916 to never win a presidential election, and just one of three nominees from that party to never win the presidency in the 80-year span between 1856 and 1936.

Nominations edit

Democratic Party nomination edit

 
Democratic Party (United States)
1884 Democratic Party ticket
Grover Cleveland Thomas A. Hendricks
for President for Vice President
 
 
28th
Governor of New York
(1883–1885)
16th
Governor of Indiana
(1873–1877)
Campaign
 

The Democrats convened in Chicago on July 8–11, 1884, with New York Governor Grover Cleveland as clear frontrunner, the candidate of northern reformers and sound-money men (as opposed to inflationists). Although Tammany Hall bitterly opposed his nomination, the machine represented a minority of the New York delegation. Its only chance to block Cleveland was to break the unit rule, which mandated that the votes of an entire delegation be cast for only one candidate, and this it failed to do. Daniel N. Lockwood from New York placed Cleveland's name in nomination. But this rather lackluster address was eclipsed by the seconding speech of Edward S. Bragg from Wisconsin, who roused the delegates with a memorable slap at Tammany. "They love him, gentlemen," Bragg said of Cleveland, "and they respect him, not only for himself, for his character, for his integrity and judgment and iron will, but they love him most of all for the enemies he has made." As the convention rocked with cheers, Tammany boss John Kelly lunged at the platform, screaming that he welcomed the compliment.

On the first ballot, Cleveland led the field with 392 votes, more than 150 votes short of the nomination. Trailing him were Thomas F. Bayard from Delaware, 170; Allen G. Thurman from Ohio, 88; Samuel J. Randall from Pennsylvania, 78; and Joseph E. McDonald from Indiana, 56; with the rest scattered. Randall then withdrew in Cleveland's favor. This move, together with the Southern bloc scrambling aboard the Cleveland bandwagon, was enough to put him over the top of the second ballot, with 683 votes to 81.5 for Bayard and 45.5 for Thomas A. Hendricks from Indiana. Hendricks was nominated unanimously for vice president on the first ballot after John C. Black, William Rosecrans, and George Washington Glick withdrew their names from consideration.[2]

Republican Party nomination edit

 
Republican Party (United States)
1884 Republican Party ticket
James G. Blaine John A. Logan
for President for Vice President
 
 
28th
U.S. Secretary of State
(1881)
U.S. Senator
from Illinois
(1871–1877 & 1879–1886)
 
 
Chester A. Arthur, the incumbent president in 1884, whose term expired on March 4, 1885

The 1884 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois, on June 3–6, with former Secretary of State James G. Blaine from Maine, President Arthur, and Senator George F. Edmunds from Vermont as the frontrunners. Though he was still popular, Arthur did not make a serious bid for a full-term nomination, knowing that his increasing health problems meant he would probably not survive a second term (he ultimately died in November 1886). Blaine led on the first ballot, with Arthur second, and Edmunds third. This order did not change on successive ballots as Blaine increased his lead, and he won a majority on the fourth ballot. After nominating Blaine, the convention chose Senator John A. Logan from Illinois as the vice-presidential nominee. Blaine remains the only Presidential nominee ever to come from Maine.[3]

Famed Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman was considered a possible Republican candidate, but ruled himself out with what has become known as the Sherman pledge: "If drafted, I will not run; if nominated, I will not accept; if elected, I will not serve." Robert Todd Lincoln, Secretary of War of the United States, and son of the past President Abraham Lincoln, was also strongly courted by politicians and the media of the day to seek the presidential or vice-presidential nomination, but Lincoln was as averse to the nomination as Sherman.

Other parties and candidates edit

Anti-Monopoly Party nomination edit

Anti-Monopoly candidates:

The Anti-Monopoly National Convention assembled in the Hershey Music Hall in Chicago, Illinois on May 14.[4] The party had been formed to express opposition to the business practices of the emerging nationwide companies. There were around 200 delegates from 16 states, but 61 of them were from Michigan and Illinois.

Alson Streeter was the temporary chairman and John F. Henry was the permanent chairman.

Benjamin F. Butler was nominated for president on the first ballot. Delegates from New York, Washington, D.C., and Maryland bolted the convention when it appeared that no discussion of other candidates would be allowed. Allen G. Thurman and James B. Weaver were put forward as alternatives to Butler, but Weaver declined, not wishing to run another national campaign for political office, and Thurman generated little enthusiasm. Butler, while far from opposed to the nomination, hoped to be nominated by the Democratic or Republican party, or at least in the case of the former, to make its platform more favorable to greenbacks. Ultimately only the Greenback Party endorsed his candidacy.

The convention chose not to nominate a candidate for vice president, hoping that other conventions would endorse a similar platform and name a suitable vice-presidential nominee.[5]: 55  The committee ultimately nominated Absolom Madden West as their vice-presidential candidate.[6]: 56 

Presidential Ballot[6]: 56 
Ballot 1st
Benjamin F. Butler 124
Allen G. Thurman[a] 2
Solon Chase 1

Greenback Party nomination edit

Greenback candidates:

The 3rd Greenback Party National Convention assembled in English's Opera House in Indianapolis, Indiana. Delegates from 28 states and the District of Columbia attended. The convention nominated Benjamin F. Butler for president over its Party Chairman Jesse Harper on the first ballot. Absolom M. West was nominated unanimously for vice president, and subsequently was also endorsed by the Anti-Monopoly Party.

Butler had initially hoped to form a number of fusion slates with the "minority party" in each state, Democratic or Republican, and for his supporters of various parties to come together under a single "People's Party". But many in the two major parties, while maybe agreeing with Butler's message and platform, were unwilling to place their support beyond the party line. In a number of places, Iowa in particular, fusion slates were nominated; essentially, Butler's and Cleveland's votes would be added together for the total vote of the fusion slate, allowing them to carry the state even if neither won a plurality, with the electoral vote being divided according to the percentage of the vote each party netted.[7]

But even if Fusion had been carried out in every state in which it was considered possible (Indiana, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Illinois), it would not have changed the result, none of the states flipping from Blaine to Cleveland, with Butler winning a single electoral vote from Indiana.

Presidential Ballot[6]: 57 
Ballot 1st
Benjamin F. Butler 323
Jesse Harper 98
Solon Chase 2
Edward Phelps Allis 1
David Davis 0

American Prohibition Party nomination edit

The American Prohibition Party held its national convention in the YMCA building in Chicago, Illinois. There were 150 delegates, including many non-voting delegates. The party sought to merge the reform movements of anti-masonry, prohibition, anti-polygamy, and direct election of the president into a new party. Jonathan Blanchard was a major figure within the party. He traveled throughout northern states in the spring and gave an address entitled "The American Party – Its Principles and Its Claims."

During the convention, the party name was changed from the American Party to the American Prohibition Party. The party had been known as the Anti-Masonic Party in 1880. Many of the delegates at the convention were initially interested in nominating John St. John, the former governor of Kansas, but it was feared that such a nomination might cost him that of the Prohibition Party, which he was actively seeking. Party leaders met with Samuel C. Pomeroy, a former senator from the same state who was the convention's runner-up for the nomination, and at Pomeroy's suggestion they agreed to withdraw the ticket from the race should St. John win the Prohibition Party nomination. Nominated alongside Pomeroy was John A. Conant from Connecticut.

St. John later unanimously won the Prohibition Party nomination, with Pomeroy and Conant withdrawing from the presidential contest and endorsing him. The New York Times speculated that the endorsement would "give him 40,000 votes".[8]

Prohibition Party nomination edit

The fourth Prohibition Party National Convention assembled in Lafayette Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. There were 505 delegates from 31 states and territories at the convention. The national ticket was nominated unanimously: John St. John for president and William Daniel for vice president. The straightforward single-issue Prohibition Party platform advocated the criminalization of alcoholic beverages.[6]: 58 

Presidential Ballot[5]: 56 
Ballot 1st
John St. John 505

Equal Rights Party nomination edit

Dissatisfied with resistance by the men of the major parties to women's suffrage, a small group of women announced the formation in 1884 of the Equal Rights Party.

The Equal Rights Party held its national convention in San Francisco, California, on September 20. The convention nominated Belva Ann Lockwood, an attorney in Washington, D.C., for president. Chairman Marietta Stow, the first woman to preside over a national nominating convention, was nominated for vice president.[6]: 57 [5]: 56 

Lockwood agreed to be the party's presidential candidate even though most women in the United States did not yet have the right to vote. She said, "I cannot vote but I can be voted for." She was the first woman to run a full campaign for the office (Victoria Woodhull conducted a more limited campaign in 1872). The Equal Rights Party had no treasury, but Lockwood gave lectures to pay for campaign travel. She received approximately 4,194 votes nationally.[9]

General election edit

Campaign edit

 
Campaign poster attacking Cleveland's morals

The issue of personal character was paramount in the 1884 campaign. Blaine had been prevented from getting the Republican presidential nomination during the previous two elections because of the stigma of the "Mulligan letters": in 1876, a Boston bookkeeper named James Mulligan had located some letters showing that Blaine had sold his influence in Congress to various businesses. One such letter ended with the phrase "burn this letter", from which a popular chant of the Democrats arose – "Burn, burn, burn this letter!" In just one deal, he had received $110,150 (over $1.5 million in 2010 dollars) from the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad for securing a federal land grant, among other things. Democrats and anti-Blaine Republicans made unrestrained attacks on his integrity as a result. Cleveland, on the other hand, was known as "Grover the Good" for his personal integrity; in the space of the three previous years he had become successively the mayor of Buffalo, New York, and then the governor of the state of New York, cleaning up large amounts of Tammany Hall's graft.

 
This campaign poster purports to show the area of land grants to railroads

Commentator Jeff Jacoby notes that, "Not since George Washington had a candidate for president been so renowned for his rectitude."[10] In July the Republicans found a refutation buried in Cleveland's past. Aided by sermons from a minister named George H. Ball, they charged that Cleveland had fathered an illegitimate child while he was a lawyer in Buffalo. When confronted with the scandal, Cleveland immediately instructed his supporters to "Above all, tell the truth." Cleveland admitted to paying child support in 1874 to Maria Crofts Halpin, the woman who claimed he fathered her child, named Oscar Folsom Cleveland after Cleveland's friend and law partner, but asserted that the child's paternity was uncertain.[11] Shortly before election day, the Republican media published an affidavit from Halpin in which she stated that until she met Cleveland her "life was pure and spotless," and "there is not, and never was, a doubt as to the paternity of our child, and the attempt of Grover Cleveland, or his friends, to couple the name of Oscar Folsom, or any one else, with that boy, for that purpose is simply infamous and false."[12] In a supplemental affidavit, Halpin also implied Cleveland had raped her, hence the conception of their child.[12][13] Republican cartoonists across the land had a field day.[14][15][16][17][18][19]

Cleveland's campaign decided that candor was the best approach to this scandal: it admitted that Cleveland had formed an "illicit connection" with the mother and that a child had been born and given the Cleveland surname. They also noted that there was no proof that Cleveland was the father, and claimed that, by assuming responsibility and finding a home for the child, he was merely doing his duty. Finally, they showed that the mother had not been forced into an asylum; her whereabouts were unknown. Blaine's supporters condemned Cleveland in the strongest of terms, singing "Ma, Ma, Where's my Pa?"[20] (After Cleveland's victory, Cleveland supporters would respond to the taunt with: "Gone to the White House, Ha, Ha, Ha.") However, the Cleveland campaign's damage control worked well enough and the race remained a tossup through Election Day. The greatest threat to the Republicans came from reformers called "Mugwumps" who were angrier at Blaine's public corruption than at Cleveland's private affairs.[21]

 
Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of blue are for Cleveland (Democratic), shades of red are for Blaine (Republican), shades of green are for Butler (Straight Greenback), and shades of yellow are for bolting electors (Whig Republican).

In the final week of the campaign, the Blaine campaign suffered a catastrophe. At a Republican meeting attended by Blaine, a group of New York preachers castigated the Mugwumps. Their spokesman, Reverend Dr. Samuel Burchard, said, "We are Republicans, and don't propose to leave our party and identify ourselves with the party whose antecedents have been rum, Romanism, and rebellion." Blaine did not notice Burchard's anti-Catholic slur, nor did the assembled newspaper reporters, but a Democratic operative did, and Cleveland's campaign managers made sure it was widely publicized. The statement energized the Irish and Catholic vote in New York City heavily against Blaine, costing him New York state and the election by a narrow margin.

In addition to Burchard's statement, it is also believed that John St. John's campaign was responsible for winning Cleveland the election in New York. Since Prohibitionists tended to ally more with Republicans, the Republican Party attempted to convince St. John to drop out. When they failed, they resorted to slandering him. Because of this, he redoubled his efforts in upstate New York, where Blaine was vulnerable on his prohibition stance, and took votes away from the Republicans.[22]

Results edit

While the results remained broadly the same as those from 1880, Cleveland won three states (New York, Indiana, and Connecticut) that James A. Garfield had won, while Blaine won two states (California and Nevada) that Winfield Hancock had won. But most of those states had relatively small numbers of electoral votes, and Cleveland's victory in New York was decisive. Cleveland won by a slightly larger margin than Garfield (0.57% compared to 0.11%) in the popular vote, but a slightly smaller margin in the Electoral College (29 votes to 59). Cleveland became the first Democrat to ever win without Pennsylvania, California, Nevada, and Illinois. Pennsylvania voted for the losing candidate for the first time since 1824, and the loser of the popular vote since 1800.

The result marked an electoral breakthrough for the Prohibition Party, who had been little more than a fringe party in the previous three elections. While they never seriously challenged for the presidency and had only limited success in congressional and state-level elections, they regularly earned at least a percentage point of the popular vote (and occasionally finished third in that vote) in presidential elections for the next three decades before declining back to fringe status after the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919. By contrast, Butler earned less than half the popular vote share that James B. Weaver had won in 1880, accelerating the decline of the Greenback Party. This was the last presidential election the party contested; it collapsed after failing to nominate a ticket in 1888.

In Burke County, Georgia, 897 votes were cast for bolting "Whig Republican" electors for president (they were not counted for Blaine).[23] The Republicans won in 20 of the 33 cities with populations over 50,000 outside the southern U.S.[24]

 

Electoral results
Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral
vote
Running mate
Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote
Grover Cleveland Democratic New York 4,914,482 48.85% 219 Thomas A. Hendricks Indiana 219
James G. Blaine Republican Maine 4,856,903 48.28% 182 John A. Logan Illinois 182
John St. John Prohibition Kansas 147,482 1.50% 0 William Daniel Maryland 0
Benjamin Butler Greenback/Anti-Monopoly Massachusetts 134,294 1.33% 0 Absolom M. West Mississippi 0
Belva Ann Lockwood Equal Rights Washington, D.C. 4,194 0.04% 0 Marietta Stow California 0
Other 3,576 0.04% Other
Total 10,060,145 100% 401 401
Needed to win 201 201

Source (Popular Vote): Leip, David. "1884 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved July 27, 2005.

Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 31, 2005.

Popular vote
Cleveland
48.85%
Blaine
48.28%
St. John
1.50%
Butler
1.33%
Others
0.09%
Electoral vote
Cleveland
54.61%
Blaine
45.39%

Geography of results edit

 

Cartographic gallery edit

Results by state edit

Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57.[25]

States/districts won by Cleveland/Hendricks
States/districts won by Blaine/Logan
Grover Cleveland
Democratic
James Blaine
Republican
John St. John
Prohibition
Benjamin Butler
Greenback
Margin State Total
State electoral
votes
# % electoral
votes
# % electoral
votes
# % electoral
votes
# % electoral
votes
# % #
Alabama 10 92,736 60.37 10 59,444 38.69 610 0.40 762 0.50 33,292 21.67 153,624 AL
Arkansas 7 72,734 57.83 7 51,198 40.70 1,847 1.47 21,536 17.12 125,779 AR
California 8 89,288 45.33 102,369 51.97 8 2,965 1.51 2,037 1.03 −13,081 −6.64 196,988 CA
Colorado 3 27,723 41.68 36,084 54.25 3 756 1.14 1,956 2.94 −8,361 −12.57 66,519 CO
Connecticut 6 67,182 48.95 6 65,898 48.01 2,493 1.82 1,684 1.23 1,284 0.94 137,257 CT
Delaware 3 16,957 56.55 3 12,953 43.20 64 0.21 10 0.03 4,004 13.35 29,984 DE
Florida 4 31,769 52.96 4 28,031 46.73 72 0.12 3,738 6.23 59,990 FL
Georgia 12 94,667 65.92 12 48,603 33.84 195 0.14 145 0.10 46,064 32.08 143,610 GA
Illinois 22 312,351 46.43 337,469 50.17 22 12,074 1.79 10,776 1.60 −25,118 −3.73 672,670 IL
Indiana 15 245,005 49.46 15 238,489 48.15 3,028 0.61 8,810 1.78 6,516 1.32 495,332 IN
Iowa 13 177,316 47.01 197,089 52.25 13 1,499 0.40 −19,773 −5.24 377,201 IA
Kansas 9 90,132 33.90 154,406 58.08 9 4,495 1.69 16,346 6.15 −64,274 −24.18 265,848 KS
Kentucky 13 152,961 55.32 13 118,690 42.93 3,139 1.14 1,691 0.61 34,271 12.40 276,481 KY
Louisiana 8 62,594 57.22 8 46,347 42.37 338 0.31 120 0.11 16,247 14.85 109,399 LA
Maine 6 52,153 39.97 72,217 55.34 6 2,160 1.66 3,955 3.03 −20,064 −15.38 130,491 ME
Maryland 8 96,866 52.07 8 85,748 46.10 2,827 1.52 578 0.31 11,118 5.98 186,019 MD
Massachusetts 14 122,352 40.33 146,724 48.36 14 9,923 3.27 24,382 8.04 −24,372 −8.03 303,383 MA
Michigan 13 189,361 47.20 192,669 48.02 13 18,403 4.59 753 0.19 −3,308 −0.82 401,186 MI
Minnesota 7 70,065 36.87 111,685 58.78 7 4,684 2.47 3,583 1.89 −41,620 −21.90 190,017 MN
Mississippi 9 77,653 64.34 9 43,035 35.66 34,618 28.68 120,688 MS
Missouri 16 236,023 53.49 16 203,081 46.02 2,164 0.49 32,942 7.47 441,268 MO
Nebraska 5 54,391 40.53 76,912 57.31 5 2,899 2.16 −22,521 −16.78 134,202 NE
Nevada 3 5,578 43.59 7,193 56.21 3 26 0.20 −1,615 −12.62 12,797 NV
New Hampshire 4 39,198 46.34 43,254 51.14 4 1,580 1.87 554 0.65 −4,056 −4.80 84,586 NH
New Jersey 9 127,798 48.98 9 123,440 47.31 6,159 2.36 3,496 1.34 4,358 1.67 260,921 NJ
New York 36 563,154 48.25 36 562,005 48.15 25,006 2.14 17,004 1.46 1,149 0.10 1,167,169 NY
North Carolina 11 142,905 53.25 11 125,021 46.59 430 0.16 17,884 6.66 268,356 NC
Ohio 23 368,280 46.94 400,082 50.99 23 11,069 1.41 5,179 0.66 −31,802 −4.05 784,610 OH
Oregon 3 24,604 46.70 26,860 50.99 3 492 0.93 726 1.38 −2,256 −4.28 52,682 OR
Pennsylvania 30 392,785 43.46 478,804 52.97 30 15,283 1.69 16,992 1.88 −86,019 −9.52 903,864 PA
Rhode Island 4 12,391 37.81 19,030 58.07 4 928 2.83 422 1.29 −6,639 −20.26 32,771 RI
South Carolina 9 69,845 75.25 9 21,730 23.41 48,115 51.84 92,812 SC
Tennessee 12 133,770 51.45 12 124,101 47.74 1,150 0.44 957 0.37 9,669 3.72 259,978 TN
Texas 13 225,309 69.26 13 93,141 28.63 3,534 1.09 3,321 1.02 132,168 40.63 325,305 TX
Vermont 4 17,331 29.18 39,514 66.52 4 1,753 2.95 785 1.32 −22,183 −37.34 59,401 VT
Virginia 12 145,491 51.05 12 139,356 48.90 130 0.05 6,135 2.15 284,977 VA
West Virginia 6 67,311 50.94 6 63,096 47.75 939 0.71 799 0.60 4,215 3.19 132,145 WV
Wisconsin 11 146,453 45.79 161,135 50.38 11 7,649 2.39 4,598 1.44 −14,682 −4.59 319,835 WI
TOTALS: 401 4,914,482 48.85 219 4,856,903 48.28 182 150,890 1.50 134,294 1.33 57,579 0.57 10,060,145 US

Close states edit

Margin of victory less than 1% (55 electoral votes):

  1. New York, 0.10% (1,149 votes) (tipping point state)
  2. Michigan, 0.82% (3,308 votes)
  3. Connecticut, 0.94% (1,284 votes)

Margin of victory between 1% and 5% (117 electoral votes):

  1. Indiana, 1.32% (6,516 votes)
  2. New Jersey, 1.67% (4,358 votes)
  3. Virginia, 2.15% (6,135 votes)
  4. West Virginia, 3.19% (4,215 votes)
  5. Tennessee, 3.72% (9,669 votes)
  6. Illinois, 3.73% (25,118 votes)
  7. Ohio, 4.05% (31,802 votes)
  8. Oregon, 4.28% (2,256 votes)
  9. Wisconsin, 4.59% (14,682 votes)
  10. New Hampshire, 4.80% (4,056 votes)

Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (104 electoral votes):

  1. Iowa, 5.24% (19,773 votes)
  2. Maryland, 5.98% (11,118 votes)
  3. Florida, 6.23% (3,738 votes)
  4. California, 6.64% (13,081 votes)
  5. North Carolina, 6.66% (17,884 votes)
  6. Missouri, 7.47% (32,942 votes)
  7. Massachusetts, 8.03% (24,372 votes)
  8. Pennsylvania, 9.52% (86,019 votes)

See also edit

 
Dance card cover depicting the candidates

Notes edit

  1. ^ Published sources disagree on how many votes Thurman received on the ballot. Hinshaw claims he received 7 votes, but Havel finds only 2.

References edit

  1. ^ "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections". The American Presidency Project. UC Santa Barbara.
  2. ^ William DeGregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Gramercy 1997
  3. ^ ‘What States do Presidents Come From?’
  4. ^ "Today in labor history:Anti-Monopoly Party founded". People's World. May 14, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Hinshaw, Seth (2000). Ohio Elects the President: Our State's Role in Presidential Elections 1804-1996. Mansfield: Book Masters, Inc.
  6. ^ a b c d e Havel, James T. (1996). U.S. Presidential Elections and the Candidates: A Biographical and Historical Guide. Vol. 2: The Elections, 1789–1992. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-02-864623-1.
  7. ^ "FUSION AND CONFUSION. - View Article - NYTimes.com" (PDF). New York Times. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  8. ^ "WITHDRAWS IN FAVOR OF ST. JOHN. - View Article - NYTimes.com" (PDF). New York Times. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  9. ^ Soden, Suzanne. Belva A. Lockwood Collection [1830–1917]. The College of Saint Rose. February, 1997. http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc21041.htm
  10. ^ Jeff Jacoby, "'Grover the good' — the most honest president of them all," Boston Globe Feb. 15. 2015
  11. ^ Henry F. Graff (2002). Grover Cleveland: The American Presidents Series: The 22nd and 24th President, 1885–1889 and 1893–1897. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 61–63. ISBN 9780805069235.
  12. ^ a b Lachman, Charles (2014). A Secret Life. Skyhorse Publishing. pp. 285–288.
  13. ^ Bushong, William; Chervinsky, Lindsay (2007). "The Life and Presidency of Grover Cleveland". White House History.
  14. ^ Glen Jeansonne, "Caricature and Satire in the Presidential Campaign of 1884." Journal of American Culture (1980) 3#2 pp: 238–244. Online
  15. ^ "Maria Halpin's Affidavit" (PDF). Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, NY). October 31, 1884. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
  16. ^ Daily Gazette (Fort Wayne, Indiana) Nov. 1, 1884. p. 5
  17. ^ Topeka Daily Capital (Topeka, Kansas) Nov. 1, 1884. p. 4
  18. ^ "That Scandal". Wichita Daily Eagle (Wichita, Kansas). November 2, 1884. p. 2. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  19. ^ Cedar Rapids Evening Gazette, (Cedar Rapids, Iowa). October 31, 1884. p. 3
  20. ^ Tugwell, 90
  21. ^ Geoffrey T. Blodgett, "The Mind of the Boston Mugwump." Mississippi Valley Historical Review (1962): 614–634. in JSTOR
  22. ^ "HarpWeek | Elections | 1884 Overview". Elections.harpweek.com. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  23. ^ An American Almanac and Treasury of Facts, Statistical, Financial, and Political, for the year 1886., Ainsworth R. Spofford, https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZcYAAAAIAAJ (pg. 207)
  24. ^ Murphy, Paul (1974). Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
  25. ^ "1884 Presidential General Election Data – National". Retrieved May 7, 2013.

Sources edit

  • Davies, Gareth; Zelizer, Julian E, eds. (2015). America at the Ballot Box. doi:10.9783/9780812291360. ISBN 9780812291360.
  • Hirsch, Mark. "Election of 1884," in History of Presidential Elections: Volume III 1848–1896, ed. Arthur Schlesinger and Fred Israel (1971), 3:1578.
  • Josephson, Matthew (1938). The Politicos: 1865–1896.
  • Keller, Morton (1977). Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674181885. ISBN 9780674181885.
  • Kleppner, Paul (1979). The Third Electoral System 1853–1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures.
  • Lynch, G. Patrick (2002). "U.S. Presidential Elections in the Nineteenth Century: Why Culture and the Economy Both Mattered". Polity. 35: 29–50. doi:10.1086/POLv35n1ms3235469. S2CID 157740436.
  • Norgren, Jill. Belva Lockwood: The Woman Who Would be President (2007). , focus on 1884
  • Morgan, H. Wayne (1969). From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877–1896.
  • James Ford Rhodes (1920). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the Roosevelt-Taft Administration (8 vols.).
  • Summers, Mark Wahlgren. Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion: The Making of a President, 1884 (2000) online version
  • "1884 Election Cleveland v. Blaine Overview", HarpWeek, July 26, 2008.
  • Roberts, North (2004). Encyclopedia of Presidential Campaigns, Slogans, Issues, and Platforms.
  • Thomas, Harrison Cook, The return of the Democratic Party to power in 1884 (1919) online

Primary sources edit

  • The Republican Campaign Text Book for 1884. Republican Congressional Committee. 1882. Democratic campaign text Book.
  • Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) online
  • Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. National party platforms, 1840-1964 (1965) online 1840-1956

External links edit

  • Presidential Election of 1884: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
  • 1884 popular vote by counties

1884, united, states, presidential, election, 25th, quadrennial, presidential, election, held, tuesday, november, 1884, election, governor, grover, cleveland, york, defeated, republican, james, blaine, maine, apart, unpleasant, mudslinging, shameful, personal,. The 1884 United States presidential election was the 25th quadrennial presidential election held on Tuesday November 4 1884 In the election Governor Grover Cleveland of New York defeated Republican James G Blaine of Maine It was set apart by unpleasant mudslinging and shameful personal allegations that eclipsed substantive issues such as civil administration change Cleveland was the first Democrat elected President of the United States since James Buchanan in 1856 the first to hold office since Andrew Johnson left the White House in 1869 and the last to hold office until Woodrow Wilson who began his first term in 1913 For this reason 1884 is a significant election in U S political history marking an interruption in the era when Republicans largely controlled the presidency between Reconstruction and the Great Depression 1884 United States presidential election 1880 November 4 1884 1888 401 members of the Electoral College201 electoral votes needed to winTurnout77 5 1 0 5 pp Nominee Grover Cleveland James G BlaineParty Democratic RepublicanHome state New York MaineRunning mate Thomas A Hendricks John A LoganElectoral vote 219 182States carried 20 18Popular vote 4 914 482 4 856 905Percentage 48 8 48 3 Presidential election results map Blue denotes those won by Cleveland Hendricks red denotes states won by Blaine Logan Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state President before electionChester A ArthurRepublican Elected President Grover ClevelandDemocraticCleveland won the presidential nomination on the second ballot of the 1884 Democratic National Convention President Chester A Arthur had acceded to the presidency in 1881 following the assassination of James A Garfield but he was unsuccessful in his bid for nomination to a full term Blaine who had served as Secretary of State under President Garfield defeated Arthur and other candidates on the fourth ballot of the 1884 Republican National Convention A group of reformist Republicans known as Mugwumps abandoned Blaine s candidacy viewing him as corrupt The campaign was marred by exceptional political acrimony and personal invective Blaine s reputation for public corruption and his inadvertent last minute alienation of Catholic voters proved decisive In the election Cleveland won 48 9 of the nationwide popular vote and 219 electoral votes carrying the Solid South and several key swing states Blaine won 48 3 of the popular vote and 182 electoral votes Cleveland won his home state by just 1 149 votes had he lost New York he would have lost the election Two third party candidates John St John of the Prohibition Party and Benjamin Butler of the Greenback Party and the Anti Monopoly Party each won less than 2 of the popular vote Blaine was the last former Secretary of State to be nominated by a major political party until the nomination of Hillary Clinton in 2016 while Cleveland became the only sitting Democratic president between the end of the Civil War and the election of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 United States presidential election a span of almost 50 years Blaine similarly also became the only Republican nominee in the 56 year period between 1860 and 1916 to never win a presidential election and just one of three nominees from that party to never win the presidency in the 80 year span between 1856 and 1936 Contents 1 Nominations 1 1 Democratic Party nomination 1 2 Republican Party nomination 1 3 Other parties and candidates 1 3 1 Anti Monopoly Party nomination 1 3 2 Greenback Party nomination 1 3 3 American Prohibition Party nomination 1 3 4 Prohibition Party nomination 1 3 5 Equal Rights Party nomination 2 General election 2 1 Campaign 2 2 Results 2 3 Geography of results 2 3 1 Cartographic gallery 2 4 Results by state 2 5 Close states 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Sources 6 1 Primary sources 7 External linksNominations editDemocratic Party nomination edit Main article 1884 Democratic National Convention nbsp Democratic Party United States 1884 Democratic Party ticketGrover Cleveland Thomas A Hendricksfor President for Vice President nbsp nbsp 28thGovernor of New York 1883 1885 16thGovernor of Indiana 1873 1877 Campaign nbsp The Democrats convened in Chicago on July 8 11 1884 with New York Governor Grover Cleveland as clear frontrunner the candidate of northern reformers and sound money men as opposed to inflationists Although Tammany Hall bitterly opposed his nomination the machine represented a minority of the New York delegation Its only chance to block Cleveland was to break the unit rule which mandated that the votes of an entire delegation be cast for only one candidate and this it failed to do Daniel N Lockwood from New York placed Cleveland s name in nomination But this rather lackluster address was eclipsed by the seconding speech of Edward S Bragg from Wisconsin who roused the delegates with a memorable slap at Tammany They love him gentlemen Bragg said of Cleveland and they respect him not only for himself for his character for his integrity and judgment and iron will but they love him most of all for the enemies he has made As the convention rocked with cheers Tammany boss John Kelly lunged at the platform screaming that he welcomed the compliment On the first ballot Cleveland led the field with 392 votes more than 150 votes short of the nomination Trailing him were Thomas F Bayard from Delaware 170 Allen G Thurman from Ohio 88 Samuel J Randall from Pennsylvania 78 and Joseph E McDonald from Indiana 56 with the rest scattered Randall then withdrew in Cleveland s favor This move together with the Southern bloc scrambling aboard the Cleveland bandwagon was enough to put him over the top of the second ballot with 683 votes to 81 5 for Bayard and 45 5 for Thomas A Hendricks from Indiana Hendricks was nominated unanimously for vice president on the first ballot after John C Black William Rosecrans and George Washington Glick withdrew their names from consideration 2 Republican Party nomination edit Main article 1884 Republican National Convention nbsp Republican Party United States 1884 Republican Party ticketJames G Blaine John A Loganfor President for Vice President nbsp nbsp 28th U S Secretary of State 1881 U S Senatorfrom Illinois 1871 1877 amp 1879 1886 nbsp nbsp Chester A Arthur the incumbent president in 1884 whose term expired on March 4 1885The 1884 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago Illinois on June 3 6 with former Secretary of State James G Blaine from Maine President Arthur and Senator George F Edmunds from Vermont as the frontrunners Though he was still popular Arthur did not make a serious bid for a full term nomination knowing that his increasing health problems meant he would probably not survive a second term he ultimately died in November 1886 Blaine led on the first ballot with Arthur second and Edmunds third This order did not change on successive ballots as Blaine increased his lead and he won a majority on the fourth ballot After nominating Blaine the convention chose Senator John A Logan from Illinois as the vice presidential nominee Blaine remains the only Presidential nominee ever to come from Maine 3 Famed Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman was considered a possible Republican candidate but ruled himself out with what has become known as the Sherman pledge If drafted I will not run if nominated I will not accept if elected I will not serve Robert Todd Lincoln Secretary of War of the United States and son of the past President Abraham Lincoln was also strongly courted by politicians and the media of the day to seek the presidential or vice presidential nomination but Lincoln was as averse to the nomination as Sherman Other parties and candidates edit Anti Monopoly Party nomination edit Anti Monopoly candidates nbsp Benjamin F Butler from Massachusetts nbsp Allen G Thurman from Ohio nbsp James B Weaver from Iowa Declined to be nominated The Anti Monopoly National Convention assembled in the Hershey Music Hall in Chicago Illinois on May 14 4 The party had been formed to express opposition to the business practices of the emerging nationwide companies There were around 200 delegates from 16 states but 61 of them were from Michigan and Illinois Alson Streeter was the temporary chairman and John F Henry was the permanent chairman Benjamin F Butler was nominated for president on the first ballot Delegates from New York Washington D C and Maryland bolted the convention when it appeared that no discussion of other candidates would be allowed Allen G Thurman and James B Weaver were put forward as alternatives to Butler but Weaver declined not wishing to run another national campaign for political office and Thurman generated little enthusiasm Butler while far from opposed to the nomination hoped to be nominated by the Democratic or Republican party or at least in the case of the former to make its platform more favorable to greenbacks Ultimately only the Greenback Party endorsed his candidacy The convention chose not to nominate a candidate for vice president hoping that other conventions would endorse a similar platform and name a suitable vice presidential nominee 5 55 The committee ultimately nominated Absolom Madden West as their vice presidential candidate 6 56 Presidential Ballot 6 56 Ballot 1stBenjamin F Butler 124Allen G Thurman a 2Solon Chase 1Greenback Party nomination edit Main article 1884 Greenback National Convention Greenback candidates nbsp Benjamin F Butler from Massachusetts nbsp Party Chairman Jesse Harper from IllinoisThe 3rd Greenback Party National Convention assembled in English s Opera House in Indianapolis Indiana Delegates from 28 states and the District of Columbia attended The convention nominated Benjamin F Butler for president over its Party Chairman Jesse Harper on the first ballot Absolom M West was nominated unanimously for vice president and subsequently was also endorsed by the Anti Monopoly Party Butler had initially hoped to form a number of fusion slates with the minority party in each state Democratic or Republican and for his supporters of various parties to come together under a single People s Party But many in the two major parties while maybe agreeing with Butler s message and platform were unwilling to place their support beyond the party line In a number of places Iowa in particular fusion slates were nominated essentially Butler s and Cleveland s votes would be added together for the total vote of the fusion slate allowing them to carry the state even if neither won a plurality with the electoral vote being divided according to the percentage of the vote each party netted 7 But even if Fusion had been carried out in every state in which it was considered possible Indiana Nebraska Wisconsin Illinois it would not have changed the result none of the states flipping from Blaine to Cleveland with Butler winning a single electoral vote from Indiana Presidential Ballot 6 57 Ballot 1stBenjamin F Butler 323Jesse Harper 98Solon Chase 2Edward Phelps Allis 1David Davis 0American Prohibition Party nomination edit nbsp Samuel C Pomeroy from Kansas Withdrew Aug 27 1884 Endorsed John St John The American Prohibition Party held its national convention in the YMCA building in Chicago Illinois There were 150 delegates including many non voting delegates The party sought to merge the reform movements of anti masonry prohibition anti polygamy and direct election of the president into a new party Jonathan Blanchard was a major figure within the party He traveled throughout northern states in the spring and gave an address entitled The American Party Its Principles and Its Claims During the convention the party name was changed from the American Party to the American Prohibition Party The party had been known as the Anti Masonic Party in 1880 Many of the delegates at the convention were initially interested in nominating John St John the former governor of Kansas but it was feared that such a nomination might cost him that of the Prohibition Party which he was actively seeking Party leaders met with Samuel C Pomeroy a former senator from the same state who was the convention s runner up for the nomination and at Pomeroy s suggestion they agreed to withdraw the ticket from the race should St John win the Prohibition Party nomination Nominated alongside Pomeroy was John A Conant from Connecticut St John later unanimously won the Prohibition Party nomination with Pomeroy and Conant withdrawing from the presidential contest and endorsing him The New York Times speculated that the endorsement would give him 40 000 votes 8 Prohibition Party nomination edit Main article 1884 Prohibition National Convention nbsp John St John from KansasThe fourth Prohibition Party National Convention assembled in Lafayette Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania There were 505 delegates from 31 states and territories at the convention The national ticket was nominated unanimously John St John for president and William Daniel for vice president The straightforward single issue Prohibition Party platform advocated the criminalization of alcoholic beverages 6 58 Presidential Ballot 5 56 Ballot 1stJohn St John 505Equal Rights Party nomination edit nbsp Lawyer and Suffragette Belva Ann Lockwood from Washington D C Dissatisfied with resistance by the men of the major parties to women s suffrage a small group of women announced the formation in 1884 of the Equal Rights Party The Equal Rights Party held its national convention in San Francisco California on September 20 The convention nominated Belva Ann Lockwood an attorney in Washington D C for president Chairman Marietta Stow the first woman to preside over a national nominating convention was nominated for vice president 6 57 5 56 Lockwood agreed to be the party s presidential candidate even though most women in the United States did not yet have the right to vote She said I cannot vote but I can be voted for She was the first woman to run a full campaign for the office Victoria Woodhull conducted a more limited campaign in 1872 The Equal Rights Party had no treasury but Lockwood gave lectures to pay for campaign travel She received approximately 4 194 votes nationally 9 General election editCampaign edit nbsp Campaign poster attacking Cleveland s moralsThe issue of personal character was paramount in the 1884 campaign Blaine had been prevented from getting the Republican presidential nomination during the previous two elections because of the stigma of the Mulligan letters in 1876 a Boston bookkeeper named James Mulligan had located some letters showing that Blaine had sold his influence in Congress to various businesses One such letter ended with the phrase burn this letter from which a popular chant of the Democrats arose Burn burn burn this letter In just one deal he had received 110 150 over 1 5 million in 2010 dollars from the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad for securing a federal land grant among other things Democrats and anti Blaine Republicans made unrestrained attacks on his integrity as a result Cleveland on the other hand was known as Grover the Good for his personal integrity in the space of the three previous years he had become successively the mayor of Buffalo New York and then the governor of the state of New York cleaning up large amounts of Tammany Hall s graft nbsp This campaign poster purports to show the area of land grants to railroadsCommentator Jeff Jacoby notes that Not since George Washington had a candidate for president been so renowned for his rectitude 10 In July the Republicans found a refutation buried in Cleveland s past Aided by sermons from a minister named George H Ball they charged that Cleveland had fathered an illegitimate child while he was a lawyer in Buffalo When confronted with the scandal Cleveland immediately instructed his supporters to Above all tell the truth Cleveland admitted to paying child support in 1874 to Maria Crofts Halpin the woman who claimed he fathered her child named Oscar Folsom Cleveland after Cleveland s friend and law partner but asserted that the child s paternity was uncertain 11 Shortly before election day the Republican media published an affidavit from Halpin in which she stated that until she met Cleveland her life was pure and spotless and there is not and never was a doubt as to the paternity of our child and the attempt of Grover Cleveland or his friends to couple the name of Oscar Folsom or any one else with that boy for that purpose is simply infamous and false 12 In a supplemental affidavit Halpin also implied Cleveland had raped her hence the conception of their child 12 13 Republican cartoonists across the land had a field day 14 15 16 17 18 19 Cleveland s campaign decided that candor was the best approach to this scandal it admitted that Cleveland had formed an illicit connection with the mother and that a child had been born and given the Cleveland surname They also noted that there was no proof that Cleveland was the father and claimed that by assuming responsibility and finding a home for the child he was merely doing his duty Finally they showed that the mother had not been forced into an asylum her whereabouts were unknown Blaine s supporters condemned Cleveland in the strongest of terms singing Ma Ma Where s my Pa 20 After Cleveland s victory Cleveland supporters would respond to the taunt with Gone to the White House Ha Ha Ha However the Cleveland campaign s damage control worked well enough and the race remained a tossup through Election Day The greatest threat to the Republicans came from reformers called Mugwumps who were angrier at Blaine s public corruption than at Cleveland s private affairs 21 nbsp Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county Shades of blue are for Cleveland Democratic shades of red are for Blaine Republican shades of green are for Butler Straight Greenback and shades of yellow are for bolting electors Whig Republican In the final week of the campaign the Blaine campaign suffered a catastrophe At a Republican meeting attended by Blaine a group of New York preachers castigated the Mugwumps Their spokesman Reverend Dr Samuel Burchard said We are Republicans and don t propose to leave our party and identify ourselves with the party whose antecedents have been rum Romanism and rebellion Blaine did not notice Burchard s anti Catholic slur nor did the assembled newspaper reporters but a Democratic operative did and Cleveland s campaign managers made sure it was widely publicized The statement energized the Irish and Catholic vote in New York City heavily against Blaine costing him New York state and the election by a narrow margin In addition to Burchard s statement it is also believed that John St John s campaign was responsible for winning Cleveland the election in New York Since Prohibitionists tended to ally more with Republicans the Republican Party attempted to convince St John to drop out When they failed they resorted to slandering him Because of this he redoubled his efforts in upstate New York where Blaine was vulnerable on his prohibition stance and took votes away from the Republicans 22 Results edit While the results remained broadly the same as those from 1880 Cleveland won three states New York Indiana and Connecticut that James A Garfield had won while Blaine won two states California and Nevada that Winfield Hancock had won But most of those states had relatively small numbers of electoral votes and Cleveland s victory in New York was decisive Cleveland won by a slightly larger margin than Garfield 0 57 compared to 0 11 in the popular vote but a slightly smaller margin in the Electoral College 29 votes to 59 Cleveland became the first Democrat to ever win without Pennsylvania California Nevada and Illinois Pennsylvania voted for the losing candidate for the first time since 1824 and the loser of the popular vote since 1800 The result marked an electoral breakthrough for the Prohibition Party who had been little more than a fringe party in the previous three elections While they never seriously challenged for the presidency and had only limited success in congressional and state level elections they regularly earned at least a percentage point of the popular vote and occasionally finished third in that vote in presidential elections for the next three decades before declining back to fringe status after the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919 By contrast Butler earned less than half the popular vote share that James B Weaver had won in 1880 accelerating the decline of the Greenback Party This was the last presidential election the party contested it collapsed after failing to nominate a ticket in 1888 In Burke County Georgia 897 votes were cast for bolting Whig Republican electors for president they were not counted for Blaine 23 The Republicans won in 20 of the 33 cities with populations over 50 000 outside the southern U S 24 nbsp Electoral results Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoralvote Running mateCount Percentage Vice presidential candidate Home state Electoral voteGrover Cleveland Democratic New York 4 914 482 48 85 219 Thomas A Hendricks Indiana 219James G Blaine Republican Maine 4 856 903 48 28 182 John A Logan Illinois 182John St John Prohibition Kansas 147 482 1 50 0 William Daniel Maryland 0Benjamin Butler Greenback Anti Monopoly Massachusetts 134 294 1 33 0 Absolom M West Mississippi 0Belva Ann Lockwood Equal Rights Washington D C 4 194 0 04 0 Marietta Stow California 0Other 3 576 0 04 Other Total 10 060 145 100 401 401Needed to win 201 201Source Popular Vote Leip David 1884 Presidential Election Results Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections Retrieved July 27 2005 Source Electoral Vote Electoral College Box Scores 1789 1996 National Archives and Records Administration Retrieved July 31 2005 Popular voteCleveland 48 85 Blaine 48 28 St John 1 50 Butler 1 33 Others 0 09 Electoral voteCleveland 54 61 Blaine 45 39 Geography of results edit nbsp nbsp Results by county shaded according to winning candidate s percentage of the voteCartographic gallery edit nbsp Map of presidential election results by county nbsp Map of Democratic presidential election results by county nbsp Map of Republican presidential election results by county nbsp Map of other presidential election results by countyResults by state edit Source Data from Walter Dean Burnham Presidential ballots 1836 1892 Johns Hopkins University Press 1955 pp 247 57 25 States districts won by Cleveland HendricksStates districts won by Blaine LoganGrover ClevelandDemocratic James BlaineRepublican John St JohnProhibition Benjamin Butler Greenback Margin State TotalState electoralvotes electoralvotes electoralvotes electoralvotes electoralvotes Alabama 10 92 736 60 37 10 59 444 38 69 610 0 40 762 0 50 33 292 21 67 153 624 ALArkansas 7 72 734 57 83 7 51 198 40 70 1 847 1 47 21 536 17 12 125 779 ARCalifornia 8 89 288 45 33 102 369 51 97 8 2 965 1 51 2 037 1 03 13 081 6 64 196 988 CAColorado 3 27 723 41 68 36 084 54 25 3 756 1 14 1 956 2 94 8 361 12 57 66 519 COConnecticut 6 67 182 48 95 6 65 898 48 01 2 493 1 82 1 684 1 23 1 284 0 94 137 257 CTDelaware 3 16 957 56 55 3 12 953 43 20 64 0 21 10 0 03 4 004 13 35 29 984 DEFlorida 4 31 769 52 96 4 28 031 46 73 72 0 12 3 738 6 23 59 990 FLGeorgia 12 94 667 65 92 12 48 603 33 84 195 0 14 145 0 10 46 064 32 08 143 610 GAIllinois 22 312 351 46 43 337 469 50 17 22 12 074 1 79 10 776 1 60 25 118 3 73 672 670 ILIndiana 15 245 005 49 46 15 238 489 48 15 3 028 0 61 8 810 1 78 6 516 1 32 495 332 INIowa 13 177 316 47 01 197 089 52 25 13 1 499 0 40 19 773 5 24 377 201 IAKansas 9 90 132 33 90 154 406 58 08 9 4 495 1 69 16 346 6 15 64 274 24 18 265 848 KSKentucky 13 152 961 55 32 13 118 690 42 93 3 139 1 14 1 691 0 61 34 271 12 40 276 481 KYLouisiana 8 62 594 57 22 8 46 347 42 37 338 0 31 120 0 11 16 247 14 85 109 399 LAMaine 6 52 153 39 97 72 217 55 34 6 2 160 1 66 3 955 3 03 20 064 15 38 130 491 MEMaryland 8 96 866 52 07 8 85 748 46 10 2 827 1 52 578 0 31 11 118 5 98 186 019 MDMassachusetts 14 122 352 40 33 146 724 48 36 14 9 923 3 27 24 382 8 04 24 372 8 03 303 383 MAMichigan 13 189 361 47 20 192 669 48 02 13 18 403 4 59 753 0 19 3 308 0 82 401 186 MIMinnesota 7 70 065 36 87 111 685 58 78 7 4 684 2 47 3 583 1 89 41 620 21 90 190 017 MNMississippi 9 77 653 64 34 9 43 035 35 66 34 618 28 68 120 688 MSMissouri 16 236 023 53 49 16 203 081 46 02 2 164 0 49 32 942 7 47 441 268 MONebraska 5 54 391 40 53 76 912 57 31 5 2 899 2 16 22 521 16 78 134 202 NENevada 3 5 578 43 59 7 193 56 21 3 26 0 20 1 615 12 62 12 797 NVNew Hampshire 4 39 198 46 34 43 254 51 14 4 1 580 1 87 554 0 65 4 056 4 80 84 586 NHNew Jersey 9 127 798 48 98 9 123 440 47 31 6 159 2 36 3 496 1 34 4 358 1 67 260 921 NJNew York 36 563 154 48 25 36 562 005 48 15 25 006 2 14 17 004 1 46 1 149 0 10 1 167 169 NYNorth Carolina 11 142 905 53 25 11 125 021 46 59 430 0 16 17 884 6 66 268 356 NCOhio 23 368 280 46 94 400 082 50 99 23 11 069 1 41 5 179 0 66 31 802 4 05 784 610 OHOregon 3 24 604 46 70 26 860 50 99 3 492 0 93 726 1 38 2 256 4 28 52 682 ORPennsylvania 30 392 785 43 46 478 804 52 97 30 15 283 1 69 16 992 1 88 86 019 9 52 903 864 PARhode Island 4 12 391 37 81 19 030 58 07 4 928 2 83 422 1 29 6 639 20 26 32 771 RISouth Carolina 9 69 845 75 25 9 21 730 23 41 48 115 51 84 92 812 SCTennessee 12 133 770 51 45 12 124 101 47 74 1 150 0 44 957 0 37 9 669 3 72 259 978 TNTexas 13 225 309 69 26 13 93 141 28 63 3 534 1 09 3 321 1 02 132 168 40 63 325 305 TXVermont 4 17 331 29 18 39 514 66 52 4 1 753 2 95 785 1 32 22 183 37 34 59 401 VTVirginia 12 145 491 51 05 12 139 356 48 90 130 0 05 6 135 2 15 284 977 VAWest Virginia 6 67 311 50 94 6 63 096 47 75 939 0 71 799 0 60 4 215 3 19 132 145 WVWisconsin 11 146 453 45 79 161 135 50 38 11 7 649 2 39 4 598 1 44 14 682 4 59 319 835 WITOTALS 401 4 914 482 48 85 219 4 856 903 48 28 182 150 890 1 50 134 294 1 33 57 579 0 57 10 060 145 US Close states edit Margin of victory less than 1 55 electoral votes New York 0 10 1 149 votes tipping point state Michigan 0 82 3 308 votes Connecticut 0 94 1 284 votes Margin of victory between 1 and 5 117 electoral votes Indiana 1 32 6 516 votes New Jersey 1 67 4 358 votes Virginia 2 15 6 135 votes West Virginia 3 19 4 215 votes Tennessee 3 72 9 669 votes Illinois 3 73 25 118 votes Ohio 4 05 31 802 votes Oregon 4 28 2 256 votes Wisconsin 4 59 14 682 votes New Hampshire 4 80 4 056 votes Margin of victory between 5 and 10 104 electoral votes Iowa 5 24 19 773 votes Maryland 5 98 11 118 votes Florida 6 23 3 738 votes California 6 64 13 081 votes North Carolina 6 66 17 884 votes Missouri 7 47 32 942 votes Massachusetts 8 03 24 372 votes Pennsylvania 9 52 86 019 votes See also edit nbsp Dance card cover depicting the candidatesAmerican election campaigns in the 19th century History of the United States 1865 1918 First inauguration of Grover Cleveland 1884 United States House of Representatives elections 1884 1885 United States Senate elections President of the United States Third Party SystemNotes edit Published sources disagree on how many votes Thurman received on the ballot Hinshaw claims he received 7 votes but Havel finds only 2 References edit Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections The American Presidency Project UC Santa Barbara William DeGregorio The Complete Book of U S Presidents Gramercy 1997 What States do Presidents Come From Today in labor history Anti Monopoly Party founded People s World May 14 2014 Retrieved February 13 2021 a b c Hinshaw Seth 2000 Ohio Elects the President Our State s Role in Presidential Elections 1804 1996 Mansfield Book Masters Inc a b c d e Havel James T 1996 U S Presidential Elections and the Candidates A Biographical and Historical Guide Vol 2 The Elections 1789 1992 New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 0 02 864623 1 FUSION AND CONFUSION View Article NYTimes com PDF New York Times Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved July 9 2014 WITHDRAWS IN FAVOR OF ST JOHN View Article NYTimes com PDF New York Times Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved July 9 2014 Soden Suzanne Belva A Lockwood Collection 1830 1917 The College of Saint Rose February 1997 http www nysl nysed gov msscfa sc21041 htm Jeff Jacoby Grover the good the most honest president of them all Boston Globe Feb 15 2015 Henry F Graff 2002 Grover Cleveland The American Presidents Series The 22nd and 24th President 1885 1889 and 1893 1897 Henry Holt and Company pp 61 63 ISBN 9780805069235 a b Lachman Charles 2014 A Secret Life Skyhorse Publishing pp 285 288 Bushong William Chervinsky Lindsay 2007 The Life and Presidency of Grover Cleveland White House History Glen Jeansonne Caricature and Satire in the Presidential Campaign of 1884 Journal of American Culture 1980 3 2 pp 238 244 Online Maria Halpin s Affidavit PDF Democrat and Chronicle Rochester NY October 31 1884 p 1 Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Daily Gazette Fort Wayne Indiana Nov 1 1884 p 5 Topeka Daily Capital Topeka Kansas Nov 1 1884 p 4 That Scandal Wichita Daily Eagle Wichita Kansas November 2 1884 p 2 Retrieved July 30 2014 Cedar Rapids Evening Gazette Cedar Rapids Iowa October 31 1884 p 3 Tugwell 90 Geoffrey T Blodgett The Mind of the Boston Mugwump Mississippi Valley Historical Review 1962 614 634 in JSTOR HarpWeek Elections 1884 Overview Elections harpweek com Retrieved July 9 2014 An American Almanac and Treasury of Facts Statistical Financial and Political for the year 1886 Ainsworth R Spofford https books google com books id 1ZcYAAAAIAAJ pg 207 Murphy Paul 1974 Political Parties In American History Volume 3 1890 present G P Putnam s Sons 1884 Presidential General Election Data National Retrieved May 7 2013 Sources editDavies Gareth Zelizer Julian E eds 2015 America at the Ballot Box doi 10 9783 9780812291360 ISBN 9780812291360 Hirsch Mark Election of 1884 in History of Presidential Elections Volume III 1848 1896 ed Arthur Schlesinger and Fred Israel 1971 3 1578 Josephson Matthew 1938 The Politicos 1865 1896 Keller Morton 1977 Affairs of State Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America doi 10 4159 harvard 9780674181885 ISBN 9780674181885 Kleppner Paul 1979 The Third Electoral System 1853 1892 Parties Voters and Political Cultures Lynch G Patrick 2002 U S Presidential Elections in the Nineteenth Century Why Culture and the Economy Both Mattered Polity 35 29 50 doi 10 1086 POLv35n1ms3235469 S2CID 157740436 Norgren Jill Belva Lockwood The Woman Who Would be President 2007 online version focus on 1884 Morgan H Wayne 1969 From Hayes to McKinley National Party Politics 1877 1896 James Ford Rhodes 1920 History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the Roosevelt Taft Administration 8 vols Summers Mark Wahlgren Rum Romanism and Rebellion The Making of a President 1884 2000 online version 1884 Election Cleveland v Blaine Overview HarpWeek July 26 2008 Roberts North 2004 Encyclopedia of Presidential Campaigns Slogans Issues and Platforms Thomas Harrison Cook The return of the Democratic Party to power in 1884 1919 onlinePrimary sources edit The Republican Campaign Text Book for 1884 Republican Congressional Committee 1882 Democratic campaign text Book Chester Edward W A guide to political platforms 1977 online Porter Kirk H and Donald Bruce Johnson eds National party platforms 1840 1964 1965 online 1840 1956External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States presidential election 1884 Presidential Election of 1884 A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress 1884 popular vote by countiesRines George Edwin ed 1920 Rum Romanism and Rebellion Encyclopedia Americana Election of 1884 in Counting the Votes Archived May 9 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1884 United States presidential election amp oldid 1195760483, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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