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1984 United States presidential election

The 1984 United States presidential election was the 50th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1984. Incumbent Republican President Ronald Reagan defeated Democratic former Vice President Walter Mondale, in a landslide, winning 525 electoral votes and 58.8 percent of the popular vote. No other candidate in history has matched Reagan's electoral vote total. This is the most recent US presidential election in which a candidate received over 500 electoral votes, as well as the most recent election in which both major party candidates are deceased, and the last time that a major party candidate failed to carry more than 100 electoral votes.

1984 United States presidential election

← 1980 November 6, 1984 1988 →

538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
Opinion polls
Turnout53.3%[1] 0.7 pp
 
Nominee Ronald Reagan Walter Mondale
Party Republican Democratic
Home state California Minnesota
Running mate George H. W. Bush Geraldine Ferraro
Electoral vote 525 13
States carried 49 1 + DC
Popular vote 54,455,075 37,577,185
Percentage 58.8% 40.6%

1984 United States presidential election in California1984 United States presidential election in Oregon1984 United States presidential election in Washington (state)1984 United States presidential election in Idaho1984 United States presidential election in Nevada1984 United States presidential election in Utah1984 United States presidential election in Arizona1984 United States presidential election in Montana1984 United States presidential election in Wyoming1984 United States presidential election in Colorado1984 United States presidential election in New Mexico1984 United States presidential election in North Dakota1984 United States presidential election in South Dakota1984 United States presidential election in Nebraska1984 United States presidential election in Kansas1984 United States presidential election in Oklahoma1984 United States presidential election in Texas1984 United States presidential election in Minnesota1984 United States presidential election in Iowa1984 United States presidential election in Missouri1984 United States presidential election in Arkansas1984 United States presidential election in Louisiana1984 United States presidential election in Wisconsin1984 United States presidential election in Illinois1984 United States presidential election in Michigan1984 United States presidential election in Indiana1984 United States presidential election in Ohio1984 United States presidential election in Kentucky1984 United States presidential election in Tennessee1984 United States presidential election in Mississippi1984 United States presidential election in Alabama1984 United States presidential election in Georgia1984 United States presidential election in Florida1984 United States presidential election in South Carolina1984 United States presidential election in North Carolina1984 United States presidential election in Virginia1984 United States presidential election in West Virginia1984 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia1984 United States presidential election in Maryland1984 United States presidential election in Delaware1984 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania1984 United States presidential election in New Jersey1984 United States presidential election in New York1984 United States presidential election in Connecticut1984 United States presidential election in Rhode Island1984 United States presidential election in Vermont1984 United States presidential election in New Hampshire1984 United States presidential election in Maine1984 United States presidential election in Massachusetts1984 United States presidential election in Hawaii1984 United States presidential election in Alaska1984 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia1984 United States presidential election in Maryland1984 United States presidential election in Delaware1984 United States presidential election in New Jersey1984 United States presidential election in Connecticut1984 United States presidential election in Rhode Island1984 United States presidential election in Massachusetts1984 United States presidential election in Vermont1984 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Reagan/Bush and blue denotes those won by Mondale/Ferraro. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia.

President before election

Ronald Reagan
Republican

Elected President

Ronald Reagan
Republican

Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush faced only token opposition in their bid for re-nomination. Mondale faced a competitive field in his bid, defeating Colorado Senator Gary Hart, activist Jesse Jackson and several other candidates in the 1984 Democratic primaries. He eventually chose U.S. Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York as his running mate, the first woman to be on a major party's presidential ticket.

Reagan touted a strong economic recovery from the 1970s stagflation and the 1981–1982 recession, as well as the widespread perception that his presidency had overseen a revival of national confidence and prestige.[2] At 73, Reagan was, at the time, the oldest person ever to be nominated by a major party for president until the nomination of Joe Biden in 2020. The Reagan campaign produced effective television advertising and deftly neutralized concerns regarding Reagan's age. Mondale criticized Reagan's supply-side economic policies and budget deficits and he called for a nuclear freeze and ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Reagan won a landslide re-election victory, carrying 49 of the 50 states, making this the second election in the twentieth century in which a party won 49 states (after the 1972 election). Mondale won only his home state of Minnesota with a 0.18% margin of victory, and the District of Columbia.[3]

Reagan won 525 of the 538 electoral votes, the most of any presidential candidate in U.S. history.[4] In terms of electoral votes, this was the second-most lopsided presidential election in modern U.S. history; Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1936 victory over Alf Landon, in which he won 98.5 percent or 523 of the then-total 531 electoral votes, ranks first.[5] His popular vote margin of victory—nearly 16.9 million votes (54.4 million for Reagan to 37.5 million for Mondale)[6][7]—was exceeded only by Richard Nixon in his 1972 victory over George McGovern, and Reagan is the most recent presidential candidate, as of 2022, to win the popular vote by a margin of greater than 10 million votes and by a margin of greater than 10%.[3] Reagan was also the first president since Dwight D. Eisenhower to be re-elected while winning absolute popular vote majorities in both of his presidential campaigns and was the first presidential candidate in history to win more than 50 million votes.

Reagan, at 73 years old, would be the oldest winner of a presidential election until Joe Biden won the 2020 election at the age of 77. As of 2020, no Republican candidate has since won New York, Washington, Massachusetts, Oregon, Hawaii, or Rhode Island. West Virginia would not vote Republican again until 2000, while Iowa would not until 2004. This would also be last time Wisconsin voted for a Republican candidate until 2016.

Nominations

Republican Party candidates

1984 Republican Party ticket
Ronald Reagan George H. W. Bush
for President for Vice President
 
 
40th
President of the United States
(1981–1989)
43rd
Vice President of the United States
(1981–1989)
Campaign
 
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination race
Harold Stassen Ben Fernandez
 
 
Governor of Minnesota
(1939–1943)
U.S. Special Envoy to Paraguay
(1973)
Campaign Campaign
LN: August 23, 1984
12,749 votes
LN: August 23, 1984
202 votes

Primaries

 
President Reagan and Vice President Bush at the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas

Reagan was the assured nominee for the Republican Party, with only token opposition. The popular vote from the Republican primaries was as follows:[8]

  • Ronald Reagan (inc.): 6,484,987 (98.6%)
  • Unpledged delegates: 41,411 (0.6%)
  • Others: 21,643 (0.3%)
  • "Ronald Reagan No":[a] 14,047 (0.2%)
  • Harold E. Stassen: 12,749 (0.2%)
  • David Kelly: 360
  • Gary Arnold: 252
  • Benjamin Fernandez: 202

Reagan was renominated by a vote of 2,233 delegates (two delegates abstained). For the only time in American history, the vice presidential roll call was taken concurrently with the presidential roll call. Vice President George H. W. Bush was overwhelmingly renominated. This was the last time in the 20th century that the vice-presidential candidate of either major party was nominated by roll call vote.

Balloting
Presidential ballot Vice Presidential ballot
Ronald Reagan 2,233 George H. W. Bush 2,231
Abstaining 2 Abstaining 2
Jack Kemp 1
Jeane Kirkpatrick 1

Democratic Party candidates

 
Mondale campaigning in Pennsylvania
1984 Democratic Party ticket
Walter Mondale Geraldine Ferraro
for President for Vice President
 
 
42nd
Vice President of the United States
(1977–1981)
U.S. Representative
from New York
(1979–1985)
Campaign
 

Primaries

 
Mondale celebrates his victory in the Iowa caucus.

Only three Democratic candidates won any state primaries: Mondale, Hart, and Jackson. Initially, Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy, after a failed bid to win the 1980 Democratic nomination for president, was considered the de facto front-runner of the 1984 primary. However, Kennedy announced in December 1982 that he did not intend to run.[10][11] Former Vice President Mondale was then viewed as the favorite to win the Democratic nomination. Mondale had the largest number of party leaders supporting him, and he had raised more money than any other candidate. However, both Jackson and Hart emerged as surprising, and troublesome, opponents.

South Carolina Senator Ernest Hollings's wit and experience, as well as his call for a budget freeze, won him some positive attention, but his relatively conservative record alienated liberal Democrats, and he was never really noticed in a field dominated by Mondale, John Glenn, and Gary Hart. Hollings dropped out two days after losing badly in New Hampshire and endorsed Hart a week later. His disdain for his competitors was at times showcased in his comments. He notably referred to Mondale as a "lapdog", and to former astronaut Glenn as "Sky King" who was "confused in his capsule."[12]

California Senator Alan Cranston hoped to galvanize supporters of the nuclear freeze movement that had called on the United States to halt the deployment of existing nuclear weapons and the development of new ones. Glenn and Askew hoped to capture the support of moderate and conservative Democrats. None of them possessed the fundraising ability of Mondale nor the grassroots support of Hart and Jackson, and none won any contests.

Jackson was the second African-American (after Shirley Chisholm) to mount a nationwide campaign for the presidency, and he was the first African-American candidate to be a serious contender. He got 3.5 million votes during the primaries, third behind Hart and Mondale. He won the primaries in Virginia, South Carolina, and Louisiana, and split Mississippi, where there were two separate contests for Democratic delegates. Through the primaries, Jackson helped confirm the black electorate's importance to the Democratic Party in the South at the time. During the campaign, however, Jackson made an off-the-cuff reference to Jews as "Hymies" and New York City as "Hymietown", for which he later apologized. Nonetheless, the remark was widely publicized, and derailed his campaign for the nomination.[13] Jackson ended up winning 21% of the national primary vote but received only 8% of the delegates to the national convention, and he initially charged that his campaign was hurt by the same party rules that allowed Mondale to win. He also poured scorn on Mondale, saying that Hubert Humphrey was the "last significant politician out of the St. Paul-Minneapolis" area.[14]

Hart, from Colorado, was a more serious threat to Mondale, and after winning several early primaries it looked as if he might take the nomination away from Mondale. Hart finished a surprising second in the Iowa caucuses, with 16.5% of the vote. This established him as the main rival to Mondale, effectively eliminating John Glenn, Ernest Hollings and Alan Cranston as alternatives.[15] Hart criticized Mondale as an "old-fashioned" Great Society Democrat who symbolized "failed policies" of the past. Hart positioned himself (just as Bill Clinton would eight years later) as a younger, fresher, and more moderate Democrat who could appeal to younger voters. He emerged as a formidable candidate, winning the key New Hampshire, Ohio, and California primaries as well as several others, especially in the West. However, Hart could not overcome Mondale's financial and organizational advantages, especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast.

Hart was also badly hurt in a televised debate with Mondale during the primaries, when the former vice president used a popular television commercial slogan to ridicule Hart's vague "New Ideas" platform. Turning to Hart on camera, Mondale told Hart that whenever he heard Hart talk about his "New Ideas", he was reminded of the Wendy's fast-food slogan "Where's the beef?" The remark drew loud laughter and applause from the viewing audience and caught Hart off-guard. Hart never fully recovered from Mondale's charge that his "New Ideas" were shallow and lacking in specifics.

 
Mondale celebrates several victories in March 13 primaries with Jimmy Carter (under whom Mondale had previously served as vice president) at his campaign headquarters.

At a roundtable debate between the three remaining Democratic candidates moderated by Phil Donahue, Mondale and Hart got into such a heated argument over the issue of U.S. policy in Central America that Jackson had to tap his water glass on the table to help get them to stop.

Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but, as Time reported in late May, "Mondale ... has a wide lead in total delegates (1,564 to 941) ... because of his victories in the big industrial states, his support from the Democratic Establishment and the arcane provisions of delegate-selection rules that his vanguard helped draft two years ago."[16] After the final primary in California, on June 5, which Hart won, Mondale was about 40 delegates short of the total he needed for the nomination.[17] However, at the Democratic National Convention in San Francisco on July 16, Mondale received the overwhelming support of the unelected superdelegates from the party establishment to win the nomination.

Mondale's nomination marked the second time since the nomination of former Governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter in 1976 and the fourth time since the nomination of former Representative John W. Davis in 1924 that the Democratic Party nominated a private citizen for President (i.e., not serving in an official government role at the time of the nomination and election). Mondale was the last private citizen to be nominated for president by the Democratic Party until former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in 2016. Mondale was also the last former vice president to be nominated for president by the Democratic Party after leaving office until Joe Biden in 2020.

This race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination was the closest in two generations, and, as of 2020, it was the last occasion that a major party's race for the presidential nomination went all the way to its convention.

Endorsements

Note: These are only those endorsements which occurred during or before the primary race.

List of Walter Mondale endorsements

Mondale had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives
Governors and State Constitutional officers
Former officeholders
Former diplomats, board members and other officials
Organizations and unions
Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Alabama
California
  • Mayor and 1982 Democratic Gubernatorial nominee Tom Bradley of Los Angeles[29]
Georgia
Illinois
  • Former Alderman, President of the City Council, 1983 mayoral candidate, and Cook County Democratic Party Chairman Edward Vrdolyak of Chicago[30]
Michigan
List of Gary Hart endorsements

Hart had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives
Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators
List of Jesse Jackson endorsements

Jackson had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives
Former officeholders
Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Alabama
Georgia
  • State Representative Tyrone Brookes[41]
Illinois
Indiana
Washington, D.C.
Organizations and unions
Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators
List of Ernest F. Hollings endorsements

Hollings had received endorsements from:

United States Senate
State Constitutional officers
List of John Glenn endorsements

Glenn had received endorsements from:

United States Senate
United States House of Representatives
Governors and State Constitutional officers
Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Georgia
Texas
  • State Representative Larry Walker[24]
Celebrities
List of Alan Cranston endorsements

Cranston had received endorsements from:

United States House of Representatives
List of Reubin Askew endorsements

Askew had received endorsements from:

United States Senate
United States House of Representatives
Governors and State Constitutional officers
Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders
Florida

Convention

This was the convention's nomination tally:

Balloting
Presidential ballot Vice Presidential ballot
Walter F. Mondale 2,191 Geraldine A. Ferraro 3,920
Gary W. Hart 1,200.5 Shirley Chisholm 3
Jesse L. Jackson 465.5
Thomas F. Eagleton 18
George S. McGovern 4
John H. Glenn 2
Joe Biden 1
Lane Kirkland 1

When he made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, Mondale said: "Let's tell the truth. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won't tell you. I just did."[57] Although Mondale intended to expose Reagan as hypocritical and position himself as the honest candidate, the choice of raising taxes as a discussion point likely damaged his electoral chances.

Vice presidential nominee

 
Ferraro with Boston Mayor Raymond Flynn and Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis at a campaign stop in Boston

Mondale wanted to establish a highly visible precedent with his vice presidential candidate. Mondale chose U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro from New York as his running mate, making her the first woman and the first Catholic nominated for that position by a major party. . Another reason for the nominee to "go for broke" instead of balancing the ticket was Reagan's lead in the polls. Mondale hoped to appeal to women, and by 1980, they were the majority of voters. In a "much criticized parade of possible Veep candidates" to his home in Minnesota, Mondale considered San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein and Kentucky Governor Martha Layne Collins, also female; Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros, a Hispanic, as other finalists for the nomination. In addition to her sex, Mondale chose Ferraro because he hoped she would attract ethnic voters with her personal background.[14][58] Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jesse Jackson derided Mondale's vice-presidential screening process as a "P.R. parade of personalities", but praised Mondale for his choice, having himself pledged to name a woman to the ticket in the event he was nominated.

Mondale had wanted to choose New York Governor Mario Cuomo as his running mate, but Cuomo declined and recommended Ferraro,[59] his protégée.[60] Mondale might have named Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis as his running mate had he wanted to make a "safe" choice",[58] while others preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters. Nomination rival Gary Hart stated before Ferraro's selection that he would accept an invitation to run with Mondale;[58] Hart's supporters claimed he would do better than Mondale against President Reagan, an argument undercut by a June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the president.

Other parties

National Unity Party nomination

Sources:[61][62][63][64][65][66][67]

 
Former Representative
John B. Anderson
from Illinois
(declined to run – April 26, 1984)
(endorsed Mondale – August 27)

The National Unity Party was an outgrowth of John Anderson's presidential campaign from the 1980 presidential election. Anderson hoped that the party would be able to challenge the "two old parties", which he viewed as being tied to various special interest groups and incapable of responsible fiscal reform. The intention was to organize the new party in California, Oregon, Washington, Illinois, the New England states, and others where his previous candidacy had proven to have experienced the most success. The party was also eligible for $5.8 million in Federal election funds, but its qualification depended on it being on the ballot in at least ten states; however, it remained unclear if National Unity could actually obtain the funds, or if it needed to be Anderson himself.

Anderson initially was against running, hoping that another notable politico would take the party into the 1984 election, and feared that his own candidacy might result in the party being labeled a "personality cult". However, no candidate came forward resulting in Anderson becoming the nominee in waiting. While Anderson had found equal support from the Republicans and Democrats in the 1980 election, the grand majority of the former had since switched back, resulting in the new party being supported principally by those who normally would vote Democratic, which it was feared might make him a spoiler candidate. In light of this, in addition to difficulties in getting on the ballot in his targeted states (Utah and Kentucky were the only two, neither among those he intended to prominently campaign in), Anderson ultimately declined to run. Later he would endorse the Democratic nominee, Walter Mondale.

Anderson had hoped that the party would continue to grow and later field a candidate in 1988 (which he declared would not be him), but it floundered and ultimately dissolved.

Libertarian Party nomination

Burns was the initial frontrunner for the nomination, but withdrew, citing concerns that the party would not be able to properly finance a campaign. The remaining candidates were Bergland; Ravenal, who had worked in the Department of Defense under Robert McNamara and Clark Clifford; and Ruwart. Bergland narrowly won the presidential nomination over Ravenal. His running mate was James A. Lewis. The ticket appeared on 39 state ballots.

Citizens Party nomination

Sonia Johnson ran in the 1984 presidential election, as the presidential candidate of the Citizens Party, Pennsylvania's Consumer Party and California's Peace and Freedom Party. Johnson received 72,161 votes (0.1%) finishing fifth. Her running mate for the Citizens Party was Richard Walton and for the Peace and Freedom Party Emma Wong Mar. One of her campaign managers, Mark Dunlea, later wrote a novel about a first female president, Madame President.

Communist Party nomination

The Communist Party USA ran Gus Hall for president and Angela Davis for vice president.

General election

Campaign

 
Mondale and Ferraro campaigning in Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Mondale ran a liberal campaign, supporting a nuclear freeze and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). He spoke against what he considered to be unfairness in Reagan's economic policies and the need to reduce federal budget deficits.

While Ferraro's choice was popular among Democratic activists, polls immediately after the announcement showed that only 22% of women were pleased about her selection, versus 18% who agreed that it was a bad idea. 60% of all voters thought that pressure from women's groups had led to Mondale's decision, versus 22% who believed that he had chosen the best available candidate.[58] Some members of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church criticized the Catholic Ferraro for being pro-choice on abortion. Already fighting an uphill battle with voters, Ferraro also faced a slew of allegations, mid-campaign, directed toward her husband, John Zaccaro. These allegations included Zaccaro's possible past involvement in organized crime, pornography distribution, and campaign contribution violations. Ferraro responded to these allegations against her husband by releasing her family tax returns to the media on August 21, 1984. However, the damage to the campaign was already done.[69]

 
Reagan and Bush campaigning in Austin, Texas

At a campaign stop in Hammonton, New Jersey, Reagan said, "America's future rests in a thousand dreams inside your hearts. It rests in the message of hope in songs of a man so many young Americans admire, New Jersey's Bruce Springsteen." The Reagan campaign briefly used "Born in the U.S.A.", a song criticizing the treatment of Vietnam War veterans (which they mistakenly thought was devoid of anti-war content and a very jingoistic patriotic rock song), as a campaign song, without permission, until Springsteen, a lifelong Democrat, insisted that they stop.[70] Two of the more memorable Reagan campaign ads were commonly known as "Morning in America" and, after the difficult first debate for the president, "Bear in the woods".[71]

Clip from the second debate in which Reagan responds to a question about his age

Reagan was the oldest president to have served to that time (at 73) and there were questions about his capacity to endure the grueling demands of the presidency, particularly after Reagan had a poor showing in the first 1984 United States presidential debates with Mondale on October 7. He referred to having started going to church "here in Washington", although the debate was in Louisville, Kentucky, referred to military uniforms as "wardrobe", and admitted to being "confused", among other mistakes.[72] In the next debate on October 21, however, in response to a question from journalist Henry Trewhitt[71] about his age, Reagan joked, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." Mondale himself laughed at the joke,[73] and later admitted that Reagan had effectively neutralized the age issue:

If TV can tell the truth, as you say it can, you'll see that I was smiling. But I think if you come in close, you'll see some tears coming down because I knew he had gotten me there. That was really the end of my campaign that night, I think. [I told my wife] the campaign was over, and it was.[74]

Presidential debates

There were two presidential debates and one vice presidential debate during the 1984 general election.[75]

Results

 
Election results by county
 
Results by congressional district
 
Margin of victory by state

Reagan was re-elected in the November 6 election in an electoral and popular vote landslide, winning 49 states by the time the ballots were finished counting on election night at 11:34 PM in Iowa. He won a record 525 electoral votes total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8% of the popular vote; despite Ferraro's selection, 55% of women who voted did so for Reagan,[69] and his 54 to 61% of the Catholic vote was the highest for a Republican candidate in history.[76] Mondale's 13 electoral college votes (from his home state of Minnesota—which he won by 0.18%—and the District of Columbia) marked the lowest total of any major presidential candidate since Alf Landon's 1936 loss to Franklin D. Roosevelt. Mondale's defeat was also the worst for any Democratic Party candidate in American history in the Electoral College (and his 13 electoral votes the fewest any Democrat has won since Stephen A. Douglas claimed 12 in the 1860 election, when the Democratic vote was divided), though others, including Alton B. Parker, James M. Cox, John W. Davis, and George S. McGovern, did worse in the popular vote. The 1984 election remains the only election since the uncontested 1820 election that any candidate of any party won every state along the Atlantic Coast.

Psephologists attributed a factor of the Republican victory to "Reagan Democrats", millions of Democrats who voted for Reagan, as in 1980. They characterized such Reagan Democrats as southern whites and northern blue-collar workers who voted for Reagan because they credited him with the economic recovery, saw Reagan as strong on national security issues, and perceived the Democrats as supporting the poor and minorities at the expense of the middle class. The Democratic National Committee commissioned a study after the election that came to these conclusions, but destroyed all copies of the final report, afraid that it would offend the party's key voters.[76] Reagan also benefited from a near-total collapse in the third-party vote, which dropped to just 0.67% of the popular vote, its lowest level since 1964, with Bergland's campaign alone counting for over a third of this number, and none of the other third-party candidates exceeding 0.1% of the popular vote. Despite John B. Anderson's endorsement of Mondale, the majority of the people who voted for Anderson in 1980 voted for Reagan in this election, as did the majority of those who voted for Ed Clark in 1980.

 
Reagan receiving a concession call from Mondale

When Reagan was asked in December 1984 what he wanted for Christmas he joked, "Well, Minnesota would have been nice".[77] Reagan lost Minnesota in both this election and in 1980, making it the only state he failed to win in either election, and also making him the first two-term Republican president not to carry Minnesota, and the same feat would later be duplicated by George W. Bush who won both the 2000 and 2004 Elections without winning Minnesota either time. This is the last election where the Republican candidate achieved any of the following: Win every state in the Northeastern, Southern, and Pacific regions of the United States; win at least one county in every state; win any of the following states: Hawaii, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington; and win the following states twice: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.[78]

It was also the last election where the Republican nominee won Wisconsin until 2016, Iowa until 2004, West Virginia until 2000, the last election in which the winning candidate won by a double-digit margin in the percentage of the popular vote, and the last election where the winning candidate won by an eight-digit margin in total popular votes (10 million or more).[78] Finally, despite his narrow loss in Minnesota, Reagan still won in five out of its eight congressional districts (by contrast, Nixon had only carried one Massachusetts district twelve years earlier) thus making Reagan the only U.S. presidential candidate in history to win the popular vote in a majority of congressional districts in every state. In stark contrast, Mondale became the first major-party U.S. presidential candidate since the start of popular presidential elections not to win a majority of the popular vote in even a single state (not counting Stephen A. Douglas in 1860, and William H. Taft in 1912, elections which were both complicated by strong third-party performances, plus the Democratic vote being divided between Douglas and John C. Breckinridge in 1860), having only won a plurality of 49.7% of the vote in Minnesota.

The 525 electoral votes received by Reagan – the most ever received by a nominee in one election – added to the 489 electoral votes he achieved in 1980, gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president twice (1,014), and the second largest number of electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president behind Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1,876 total electoral votes. Reagan is also the last person to win at least one electoral vote in three different elections; the elections of 1976, 1980, and 1984.

Statistics

Electoral results
Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral
vote
Running mate
Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote
Ronald Wilson Reagan (Incumbent) Republican California 54,455,472 58.77% 525 George Herbert Walker Bush Texas 525
Walter Frederick Mondale Democratic Minnesota 37,577,352 40.56% 13 Geraldine Anne Ferraro New York 13
David Bergland Libertarian California  228,111 0.25% 0 Jim Lewis Connecticut  0
Lyndon LaRouche Independent Virginia  78,809 0.09% 0 Billy Davis Mississippi  0
Sonia Johnson Citizens Idaho  72,161 0.08% 0 Richard Walton Rhode Island  0
Bob Richards Populist Texas  66,324 0.07% 0 Maureen Salaman California  0
Dennis L. Serrette New Alliance New Jersey  46,853 0.05% 0 Nancy Ross New York  0
Gus Hall Communist New York  36,386 0.04% 0 Angela Davis California  0
Melvin T. Mason Socialist Workers California  24,699 0.03% 0 Matilde Zimmermann New York  0
Larry Holmes Workers World New York  17,985 0.02% 0 Gloria La Riva California  0
Other 49,181 0.05% Other
Total 92,653,233 100% 538 538
Needed to win 270 270

Source for the popular vote:[79]
Source for the electoral vote:[80]

Popular vote
Reagan
58.77%
Mondale
40.56%
Bergland
0.25%
Others
0.42%
Electoral vote
Reagan
97.58%
Mondale
2.42%

Results by state

Sources:[81][82]

Legend
States/districts won by Reagan/Bush
States/districts won by Mondale/Ferraro
At-large results (Maine used the Congressional District Method)
Ronald Reagan
Republican
Walter Mondale
Democratic
David Bergland
Libertarian
Margin State total
State electoral
votes
# % electoral
votes
# % electoral
votes
# % electoral
votes
# % #
Alabama 9 872,849 60.54 9 551,899 38.28 9,504 0.66 320,950 22.26 1,441,713 AL
Alaska 3 138,377 66.65 3 62,007 29.87 6,378 3.07 76,370 36.79 207,605 AK
Arizona 7 681,416 66.42 7 333,854 32.54 10,585 1.03 347,562 33.88 1,025,897 AZ
Arkansas 6 534,774 60.47 6 338,646 38.29 2,221 0.25 196,128 22.18 884,406 AR
California 47 5,467,009 57.51 47 3,922,519 41.27 49,951 0.53 1,544,490 16.25 9,505,423 CA
Colorado 8 821,818 63.44 8 454,974 35.12 11,257 0.87 366,844 28.32 1,295,381 CO
Connecticut 8 890,877 60.73 8 569,597 38.83 321,280 21.90 1,466,900 CT
Delaware 3 152,190 59.78 3 101,656 39.93 268 0.11 50,534 19.85 254,572 DE
D.C. 3 29,009 13.73 180,408 85.38 3 279 0.13 −151,399 −71.66 211,288 DC
Florida 21 2,730,350 65.32 21 1,448,816 34.66 754 0.02 1,281,534 30.66 4,180,051 FL
Georgia 12 1,068,722 60.17 12 706,628 39.79 151 0.01 362,094 20.39 1,776,093 GA
Hawaii 4 185,050 55.10 4 147,154 43.82 2,167 0.65 37,896 11.28 335,846 HI
Idaho 4 297,523 72.36 4 108,510 26.39 2,823 0.69 189,013 45.97 411,144 ID
Illinois 24 2,707,103 56.17 24 2,086,499 43.30 10,086 0.21 620,604 12.88 4,819,088 IL
Indiana 12 1,377,230 61.67 12 841,481 37.68 6,741 0.30 535,749 23.99 2,233,069 IN
Iowa 8 703,088 53.27 8 605,620 45.89 1,844 0.14 97,468 7.39 1,319,805 IA
Kansas 7 677,296 66.27 7 333,149 32.60 3,329 0.33 344,147 33.67 1,021,991 KS
Kentucky 9 822,782 60.04 9 539,589 39.37 283,193 20.66 1,370,461 KY
Louisiana 10 1,037,299 60.77 10 651,586 38.18 1,876 0.11 385,713 22.60 1,706,822 LA
Maine 2 336,500 60.83 2 214,515 38.78 121,985 22.05 553,144 ME
Maine-1 1 175,472 59.90 1 117,450 40.10 58,022 19.81 292,922 ME1
Maine-2 1 161,028 62.39 1 97,065 37.61 63,963 24.78 258,093 ME2
Maryland 10 879,918 52.51 10 787,935 47.02 5,721 0.34 91,983 5.49 1,675,873 MD
Massachusetts 13 1,310,936 51.22 13 1,239,606 48.43 71,330 2.79 2,559,453 MA
Michigan 20 2,251,571 59.23 20 1,529,638 40.24 10,055 0.26 721,933 18.99 3,801,658 MI
Minnesota 10 1,032,603 49.54 1,036,364 49.72 10 2,996 0.14 −3,761 −0.18 2,084,449 MN
Mississippi 7 581,477 61.85 7 352,192 37.46 2,336 0.25 229,285 24.39 940,192 MS
Missouri 11 1,274,188 60.02 11 848,583 39.98 425,605 20.05 2,122,771 MO
Montana 4 232,450 60.47 4 146,742 38.18 5,185 1.35 85,708 22.30 384,377 MT
Nebraska 5 460,054 70.55 5 187,866 28.81 2,079 0.32 272,188 41.74 652,090 NE
Nevada 4 188,770 65.85 4 91,655 31.97 2,292 0.80 97,115 33.88 286,667 NV
New Hampshire 4 267,051 68.66 4 120,395 30.95 735 0.19 146,656 37.71 388,954 NH
New Jersey 16 1,933,630 60.09 16 1,261,323 39.20 6,416 0.20 672,307 20.89 3,217,862 NJ
New Mexico 5 307,101 59.70 5 201,769 39.23 4,459 0.87 105,332 20.48 514,370 NM
New York 36 3,664,763 53.84 36 3,119,609 45.83 11,949 0.18 545,154 8.01 6,806,810 NY
North Carolina 13 1,346,481 61.90 13 824,287 37.89 3,794 0.17 522,194 24.00 2,175,361 NC
North Dakota 3 200,336 64.84 3 104,429 33.80 703 0.23 95,907 31.04 308,971 ND
Ohio 23 2,678,560 58.90 23 1,825,440 40.14 5,886 0.13 853,120 18.76 4,547,619 OH
Oklahoma 8 861,530 68.61 8 385,080 30.67 9,066 0.72 476,450 37.94 1,255,676 OK
Oregon 7 685,700 55.91 7 536,479 43.74 149,221 12.17 1,226,527 OR
Pennsylvania 25 2,584,323 53.34 25 2,228,131 45.99 6,982 0.14 356,192 7.35 4,844,903 PA
Rhode Island 4 212,080 51.66 4 197,106 48.02 277 0.07 14,974 3.65 410,492 RI
South Carolina 8 615,539 63.55 8 344,470 35.57 4,360 0.45 271,069 27.99 968,540 SC
South Dakota 3 200,267 63.00 3 116,113 36.53 84,154 26.47 317,867 SD
Tennessee 11 990,212 57.84 11 711,714 41.57 3,072 0.18 278,498 16.27 1,711,993 TN
Texas 29 3,433,428 63.61 29 1,949,276 36.11 1,484,152 27.50 5,397,571 TX
Utah 5 469,105 74.50 5 155,369 24.68 2,447 0.39 313,736 49.83 629,656 UT
Vermont 3 135,865 57.92 3 95,730 40.81 1,002 0.43 40,135 17.11 234,561 VT
Virginia 12 1,337,078 62.29 12 796,250 37.09 540,828 25.19 2,146,635 VA
Washington 10 1,051,670 55.82 10 807,352 42.86 8,844 0.47 244,318 12.97 1,883,910 WA
West Virginia 6 405,483 55.11 6 328,125 44.60 77,358 10.51 735,742 WV
Wisconsin 11 1,198,800 54.19 11 995,847 45.02 4,884 0.22 202,953 9.18 2,212,016 WI
Wyoming 3 133,241 70.51 3 53,370 28.24 2,357 1.25 79,871 42.27 188,968 WY
TOTALS: 538 54,455,472 58.77 525 37,577,352 40.56 13 228,111 0.25 16,878,120 18.22 92,653,233 US

Maine allowed its electoral votes to be split between candidates. Two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote to the winner of each congressional district. Reagan won all four votes.

Close states

Margin of victory less than 1% (10 electoral votes):

  1. Minnesota, 0.18% (3,761 votes)

Margin of victory more than 1%, but less than 5% (17 electoral votes):[83][84]

  1. Massachusetts, 2.79% (71,330 votes)
  2. Rhode Island, 3.65% (14,974 votes)

Margin of victory more than 5%, but less than 10% (90 electoral votes):[83][84]

  1. Maryland, 5.49% (91,983 votes)
  2. Pennsylvania, 7.35% (356,192 votes)
  3. Iowa, 7.38% (97,468 votes)
  4. New York, 8.01% (545,154 votes)
  5. Wisconsin, 9.17% (202,953 votes)

Tipping point:

  1. Michigan, 18.99% (721,933 votes)

Counties

[81]

Counties with highest percent of vote (Republican)

  1. Madison County, Idaho 92.88%
  2. Hansford County, Texas 89.38%
  3. Ochiltree County, Texas 89.15%
  4. Grant County, Nebraska 88.45%
  5. Blaine County, Nebraska 88.32%

Counties with highest percent of vote (Democratic)

  1. Washington, D.C. 85.38%
  2. Macon County, Alabama 82.71%
  3. Shannon County, South Dakota 81.41%
  4. Jefferson County, Mississippi 77.94%
  5. Hancock County, Georgia 76.61%

Voter demographics

The 1984 presidential vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroup Mondale Reagan % of
total vote
Total vote 41 59 100
Ideology
Liberals 71 29 16
Moderates 46 54 42
Conservatives 18 82 33
Party
Democrats 74 26 38
Republicans 7 93 35
Independents 36 62 26
Gender
Men 38 62 47
Women 42 58 53
Race
White 34 66 86
Black 91 9 10
Hispanic 66 34 3
Age
18–24 years old 39 61 11
25–29 years old 43 57 12
30–49 years old 42 58 34
50–64 years old 39 61 23
65 and older 36 64 19
Family income
Under $12,500 54 46 15
$12,500–25,000 42 58 27
$25,000–35,000 40 60 20
$35,000–50,000 32 68 17
Over $50,000 31 69 12
Region
East 46 53 26
Midwest 39 61 30
South 37 63 27
West 38 62 17
Union households
Union 54 46 26

Source: CBS News and The New York Times exit poll from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research (9,174 surveyed)[85]

Notable expressions and phrases

  • Where's the beef?: A slogan used by Wendy's to suggest that their competitors have smaller portions of meat in their sandwiches, but used in the Democratic primaries by Mondale to criticize Gary Hart's positions as lacking substance.
  • Morning in America: Slogan used by the Reagan campaign.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
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  3. ^ a b Lou Cannon (October 4, 2016). "Ronald Reagan: Campaigns and Elections". Miller Center of Public Affairs. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  4. ^ . Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
  5. ^ Murse, Tom (January 28, 2019). "The Most Lopsided Presidential Elections in U.S. History: How a Landslide is Measured". ThoughtCo. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  6. ^ "1984 Presidential Election Results". David Leip. Retrieved May 25, 2007.
  7. ^ Peters, Gerhard; Woollley, John T. . Santa Barbara, California: The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  8. ^ Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2010). Guide to U.S. Elections. Washington, DC: CQ Press. p. 435. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
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  10. ^ Clymer, Adam (December 1, 1982). "KENNEDY REPORTED DECLINING TO SEEK PRESIDENCY IN 1984". The New York Times.
  11. ^ Morganthau, Tom (December 12, 1982). "Why Kennedy Withdrew From 1984 Race". Newsweek.
  12. ^ Skipper, John C. (January 13, 2010). The Iowa Caucuses: First Tests of Presidential Aspiration, 1972–2008. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5713-7.
  13. ^ Larry J. Sabato's Feeding Frenzy (July 21, 1998). "Jesse Jackson's 'Hymietown' Remark – 1984". Washington Post. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  14. ^ a b Thomas, Evan; Allis, Sam; Beckwith, David (July 2, 1984). . Time Magazine. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
  15. ^ Butterfield, Fox (February 22, 1984). "HART, AFTER IOWA, SEES A 2-MAN RACE (Published 1984)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
  16. ^ . May 16, 2008. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
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  18. ^ "Six California House Members Switch: Cranston To Mondale". The Napa Valley Register. March 3, 1984. p. 13. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Democrats Choose Delegates". The New York Times. January 24, 1984. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  20. ^ Crowder, Ken; Gannaway, Glenn (March 27, 1984). "No winner in Lee, WIse caucuses". Kingsport Times-News. p. 15. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
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  22. ^ Hyde, John (January 26, 1984). "Harkin, Bedell, Smith win seats at convention". The Des Moines Register. p. 4. Retrieved May 13, 2022. Harkin and Bedell have endorsed the candidacy of former Vice President Walter Mondale.
  23. ^ Moses, Charles T. (April 1, 1984). "Primary Called Test of Black Voting Power". Newsday (Suffolk Edition). p. 15. Retrieved May 13, 2022. Others closely tied to the Democratic Party structure, including Rep. Charles Rangel (D-Manhattan), national vice chairman for Walter Mondale's campaign and a powerful leader in the black community, have described Jackson's candidacy as one blacks cannot afford to endorse.
  24. ^ a b c d Raines, Howell (January 29, 1984). "Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble For Glenn". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
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  33. ^ HOWELL RAINES (February 26, 1984). "8 DEMOCRATS GIRD FOR KEY PRIMARY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE". The New York Times. New Hampshire. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  34. ^ Abramson, Rudy; Oates, May Louise (March 8, 1984). "Senator Accuses Reagan of Using Divisive Issues". The Los Angeles Times. p. 1. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  35. ^ a b Plotz, David (August 20, 1999). "Warren Beatty". Slate Magazine. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
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  46. ^ "South Carolina Political Collections – University Libraries | University of South Carolina". sc.edu.
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  51. ^ Robinson, Walter V. (January 21, 1984). "Glenn says a Mondale comment 'goes too far'". The Boston Globe. p. 6. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
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Notes

  1. ^ Wisconsin's primary ballot offered voters the options "Ronald Reagan Yes," "Ronald Reagan No," and "Others"

Further reading

  • Boyd, Richard W., Paul R. Mencher, Philip J. Paseltiner, Ezra Paul, Alexander S. Vanda, "The 1984 Election as Anthony Downs and Stanley Kelley Might Interpret It", Political Behavior, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Autumn, 1988), pp. 197–213.
  • Goldman, Peter, et al. The quest for the presidency 1984 (1985) online
  • Ladd, Everett Carll (1985). "On Mandates, Realignments, and the 1984 Presidential Election". Political Science Quarterly. 100 (1): 1–24. doi:10.2307/2150858. JSTOR 2150858.
  • Leuchtenburg, William E. (1986). The 1984 Election in Historical Perspective. Waco: Baylor University Press. ISBN 0-918954-45-2.
  • Morris, Lorenzo (1990). The Social and Political Implications of the 1984 Jesse Jackson Presidential Campaign. New York: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-92785-7.
  • Moore, Jonathan, ed. (1986). Campaign for President: The Managers Look at '84. Dover: Auburn House. ISBN 0-86569-132-0.
  • Sandoz, E.; Crabb, C. V. Jr., eds. (1985). Election 84: Landslide Without a Mandate?. New York: New American Library. ISBN 0-451-62424-6.
  • Stempel, Guido H., III; John W. Windhauser (1991). The Media in the 1984 and 1988 Presidential Campaigns. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26527-5.

External links

  • 1984 popular vote by counties
  • 1984 popular vote by states
  • Campaign commercials from the 1984 election
  • at the Wayback Machine (archived October 26, 2009)
  • Election of 1984 in Counting the Votes March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

1984, united, states, presidential, election, 50th, quadrennial, presidential, election, held, tuesday, november, 1984, incumbent, republican, president, ronald, reagan, defeated, democratic, former, vice, president, walter, mondale, landslide, winning, electo. The 1984 United States presidential election was the 50th quadrennial presidential election It was held on Tuesday November 6 1984 Incumbent Republican President Ronald Reagan defeated Democratic former Vice President Walter Mondale in a landslide winning 525 electoral votes and 58 8 percent of the popular vote No other candidate in history has matched Reagan s electoral vote total This is the most recent US presidential election in which a candidate received over 500 electoral votes as well as the most recent election in which both major party candidates are deceased and the last time that a major party candidate failed to carry more than 100 electoral votes 1984 United States presidential election 1980 November 6 1984 1988 538 members of the Electoral College270 electoral votes needed to winOpinion pollsTurnout53 3 1 0 7 pp Nominee Ronald Reagan Walter MondaleParty Republican DemocraticHome state California MinnesotaRunning mate George H W Bush Geraldine FerraroElectoral vote 525 13States carried 49 1 DCPopular vote 54 455 075 37 577 185Percentage 58 8 40 6 Presidential election results map Red denotes states won by Reagan Bush and blue denotes those won by Mondale Ferraro Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia President before electionRonald ReaganRepublican Elected President Ronald ReaganRepublicanReagan and Vice President George H W Bush faced only token opposition in their bid for re nomination Mondale faced a competitive field in his bid defeating Colorado Senator Gary Hart activist Jesse Jackson and several other candidates in the 1984 Democratic primaries He eventually chose U S Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York as his running mate the first woman to be on a major party s presidential ticket Reagan touted a strong economic recovery from the 1970s stagflation and the 1981 1982 recession as well as the widespread perception that his presidency had overseen a revival of national confidence and prestige 2 At 73 Reagan was at the time the oldest person ever to be nominated by a major party for president until the nomination of Joe Biden in 2020 The Reagan campaign produced effective television advertising and deftly neutralized concerns regarding Reagan s age Mondale criticized Reagan s supply side economic policies and budget deficits and he called for a nuclear freeze and ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment Reagan won a landslide re election victory carrying 49 of the 50 states making this the second election in the twentieth century in which a party won 49 states after the 1972 election Mondale won only his home state of Minnesota with a 0 18 margin of victory and the District of Columbia 3 Reagan won 525 of the 538 electoral votes the most of any presidential candidate in U S history 4 In terms of electoral votes this was the second most lopsided presidential election in modern U S history Franklin D Roosevelt s 1936 victory over Alf Landon in which he won 98 5 percent or 523 of the then total 531 electoral votes ranks first 5 His popular vote margin of victory nearly 16 9 million votes 54 4 million for Reagan to 37 5 million for Mondale 6 7 was exceeded only by Richard Nixon in his 1972 victory over George McGovern and Reagan is the most recent presidential candidate as of 2022 to win the popular vote by a margin of greater than 10 million votes and by a margin of greater than 10 3 Reagan was also the first president since Dwight D Eisenhower to be re elected while winning absolute popular vote majorities in both of his presidential campaigns and was the first presidential candidate in history to win more than 50 million votes Reagan at 73 years old would be the oldest winner of a presidential election until Joe Biden won the 2020 election at the age of 77 As of 2020 no Republican candidate has since won New York Washington Massachusetts Oregon Hawaii or Rhode Island West Virginia would not vote Republican again until 2000 while Iowa would not until 2004 This would also be last time Wisconsin voted for a Republican candidate until 2016 Contents 1 Nominations 1 1 Republican Party candidates 1 1 1 Primaries 1 2 Democratic Party candidates 1 2 1 Primaries 1 2 2 Endorsements 1 2 3 Convention 1 2 4 Vice presidential nominee 1 3 Other parties 1 3 1 National Unity Party nomination 1 3 2 Libertarian Party nomination 1 3 3 Citizens Party nomination 1 3 4 Communist Party nomination 2 General election 2 1 Campaign 2 2 Presidential debates 3 Results 3 1 Statistics 3 1 1 Results by state 3 1 2 Close states 3 2 Counties 4 Voter demographics 5 Notable expressions and phrases 6 See also 7 References 8 Notes 9 Further reading 10 External linksNominations EditRepublican Party candidates Edit Main article 1984 Republican Party presidential primaries Ronald Reagan President of the United States Ben Fernandez former Special Ambassador to Paraguay from California Harold Stassen former Governor of Minnesota 1984 Republican Party ticketRonald Reagan George H W Bushfor President for Vice President 40thPresident of the United States 1981 1989 43rdVice President of the United States 1981 1989 Campaign Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination raceHarold Stassen Ben Fernandez Governor of Minnesota 1939 1943 U S Special Envoy to Paraguay 1973 Campaign CampaignLN August 23 198412 749 votes LN August 23 1984202 votesPrimaries Edit President Reagan and Vice President Bush at the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas Reagan was the assured nominee for the Republican Party with only token opposition The popular vote from the Republican primaries was as follows 8 Ronald Reagan inc 6 484 987 98 6 Unpledged delegates 41 411 0 6 Others 21 643 0 3 Ronald Reagan No a 14 047 0 2 Harold E Stassen 12 749 0 2 David Kelly 360 Gary Arnold 252 Benjamin Fernandez 202Reagan was renominated by a vote of 2 233 delegates two delegates abstained For the only time in American history the vice presidential roll call was taken concurrently with the presidential roll call Vice President George H W Bush was overwhelmingly renominated This was the last time in the 20th century that the vice presidential candidate of either major party was nominated by roll call vote Balloting Presidential ballot Vice Presidential ballotRonald Reagan 2 233 George H W Bush 2 231Abstaining 2 Abstaining 2Jack Kemp 1Jeane Kirkpatrick 1Democratic Party candidates Edit Main article 1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries Mondale campaigning in Pennsylvania Walter Mondale former Vice President and former U S senator from Minnesota Reubin Askew former governor of Florida Alan Cranston U S senator from California John Glenn U S senator from Ohio and former NASA astronaut Gary Hart U S senator from Colorado Ernest Hollings U S senator from South Carolina Jesse Jackson clergyman and civil rights activist from Illinois George McGovern former U S senator and 1972 Democratic nominee from South Dakota 9 1984 Democratic Party ticketWalter Mondale Geraldine Ferrarofor President for Vice President 42ndVice President of the United States 1977 1981 U S Representativefrom New York 1979 1985 Campaign Primaries Edit Mondale celebrates his victory in the Iowa caucus Only three Democratic candidates won any state primaries Mondale Hart and Jackson Initially Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy after a failed bid to win the 1980 Democratic nomination for president was considered the de facto front runner of the 1984 primary However Kennedy announced in December 1982 that he did not intend to run 10 11 Former Vice President Mondale was then viewed as the favorite to win the Democratic nomination Mondale had the largest number of party leaders supporting him and he had raised more money than any other candidate However both Jackson and Hart emerged as surprising and troublesome opponents South Carolina Senator Ernest Hollings s wit and experience as well as his call for a budget freeze won him some positive attention but his relatively conservative record alienated liberal Democrats and he was never really noticed in a field dominated by Mondale John Glenn and Gary Hart Hollings dropped out two days after losing badly in New Hampshire and endorsed Hart a week later His disdain for his competitors was at times showcased in his comments He notably referred to Mondale as a lapdog and to former astronaut Glenn as Sky King who was confused in his capsule 12 California Senator Alan Cranston hoped to galvanize supporters of the nuclear freeze movement that had called on the United States to halt the deployment of existing nuclear weapons and the development of new ones Glenn and Askew hoped to capture the support of moderate and conservative Democrats None of them possessed the fundraising ability of Mondale nor the grassroots support of Hart and Jackson and none won any contests Jackson was the second African American after Shirley Chisholm to mount a nationwide campaign for the presidency and he was the first African American candidate to be a serious contender He got 3 5 million votes during the primaries third behind Hart and Mondale He won the primaries in Virginia South Carolina and Louisiana and split Mississippi where there were two separate contests for Democratic delegates Through the primaries Jackson helped confirm the black electorate s importance to the Democratic Party in the South at the time During the campaign however Jackson made an off the cuff reference to Jews as Hymies and New York City as Hymietown for which he later apologized Nonetheless the remark was widely publicized and derailed his campaign for the nomination 13 Jackson ended up winning 21 of the national primary vote but received only 8 of the delegates to the national convention and he initially charged that his campaign was hurt by the same party rules that allowed Mondale to win He also poured scorn on Mondale saying that Hubert Humphrey was the last significant politician out of the St Paul Minneapolis area 14 Hart from Colorado was a more serious threat to Mondale and after winning several early primaries it looked as if he might take the nomination away from Mondale Hart finished a surprising second in the Iowa caucuses with 16 5 of the vote This established him as the main rival to Mondale effectively eliminating John Glenn Ernest Hollings and Alan Cranston as alternatives 15 Hart criticized Mondale as an old fashioned Great Society Democrat who symbolized failed policies of the past Hart positioned himself just as Bill Clinton would eight years later as a younger fresher and more moderate Democrat who could appeal to younger voters He emerged as a formidable candidate winning the key New Hampshire Ohio and California primaries as well as several others especially in the West However Hart could not overcome Mondale s financial and organizational advantages especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast Hart was also badly hurt in a televised debate with Mondale during the primaries when the former vice president used a popular television commercial slogan to ridicule Hart s vague New Ideas platform Turning to Hart on camera Mondale told Hart that whenever he heard Hart talk about his New Ideas he was reminded of the Wendy s fast food slogan Where s the beef The remark drew loud laughter and applause from the viewing audience and caught Hart off guard Hart never fully recovered from Mondale s charge that his New Ideas were shallow and lacking in specifics Mondale celebrates several victories in March 13 primaries with Jimmy Carter under whom Mondale had previously served as vice president at his campaign headquarters At a roundtable debate between the three remaining Democratic candidates moderated by Phil Donahue Mondale and Hart got into such a heated argument over the issue of U S policy in Central America that Jackson had to tap his water glass on the table to help get them to stop Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count but as Time reported in late May Mondale has a wide lead in total delegates 1 564 to 941 because of his victories in the big industrial states his support from the Democratic Establishment and the arcane provisions of delegate selection rules that his vanguard helped draft two years ago 16 After the final primary in California on June 5 which Hart won Mondale was about 40 delegates short of the total he needed for the nomination 17 However at the Democratic National Convention in San Francisco on July 16 Mondale received the overwhelming support of the unelected superdelegates from the party establishment to win the nomination Mondale s nomination marked the second time since the nomination of former Governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter in 1976 and the fourth time since the nomination of former Representative John W Davis in 1924 that the Democratic Party nominated a private citizen for President i e not serving in an official government role at the time of the nomination and election Mondale was the last private citizen to be nominated for president by the Democratic Party until former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in 2016 Mondale was also the last former vice president to be nominated for president by the Democratic Party after leaving office until Joe Biden in 2020 This race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination was the closest in two generations and as of 2020 it was the last occasion that a major party s race for the presidential nomination went all the way to its convention Endorsements Edit Note These are only those endorsements which occurred during or before the primary race List of Walter Mondale endorsementsMondale had received endorsements from United States House of RepresentativesRepresentative Jim Bates of California 18 Representative Edward Boland of Massachusetts 19 Representative Rick Boucher of Virginia 20 Representative Joseph D Early of Massachusetts 19 Representative Barney Frank of Massachusetts 19 Representative Robert Garcia of New York 21 Representative Sam Gejdenson of Connecticut 19 Representative Tom Harkin of Iowa 22 Representative Joe Moakley of Massachusetts 19 Representative Charles B Rangel of New York 23 Representative William R Ratchford of Connecticut 19 Representative James Michael Shannon of Massachusetts 19 Governors and State Constitutional officersNew York Attorney General Robert Abrams 21 Governor Mario Cuomo of New York 21 Lieutenant Governor Zell Miller of Georgia 24 Former officeholdersFormer President Jimmy Carter of Georgia 25 Former diplomats board members and other officialsFormer Secretary of State Dean Rusk of Georgia 25 Organizations and unionsAFL CIO 25 Alabama Democratic Conference 26 National Education Association 27 National Organization for Women 27 Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders AlabamaMayor Richard Arrington Jr of Birmingham 28 CaliforniaMayor and 1982 Democratic Gubernatorial nominee Tom Bradley of Los Angeles 29 GeorgiaState Senator Julian Bond 24 IllinoisFormer Alderman President of the City Council 1983 mayoral candidate and Cook County Democratic Party Chairman Edward Vrdolyak of Chicago 30 MichiganMayor Coleman Young of Detroit 29 List of Gary Hart endorsementsHart had received endorsements from United States House of RepresentativesRepresentative Patricia Schroeder of Colorado 31 Representative Chuck Schumer of New York 32 Representative and 1976 Democratic presidential candidate Mo Udall of Arizona 33 Representative Henry A Waxman of California 34 Celebrities political activists and political commentatorsActor and director Warren Beatty 35 List of Jesse Jackson endorsementsJackson had received endorsements from United States House of RepresentativesDelegate Walter E Fauntroy of Washington D C 36 Former officeholdersFormer Representative and 1972 Democratic presidential candidate Shirley Chisholm of New York 37 Former Governor Orval E Faubus of Arkansas 38 Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders AlabamaState Senator Michael Figures 39 Mayor Johnny Ford of Tuskegee 40 State Senator Earl Hilliard 40 State Senator Hank Sanders 28 GeorgiaState Representative Tyrone Brookes 41 IllinoisMayor Carl Officer of East St Louis 41 IndianaMayor Richard G Hatcher of Gary 30 Washington D C Mayor Marion Barry of Washington D C 42 Organizations and unionsChurch of God in Christ 43 Nation of Islam 43 National Baptist Convention of America Inc 43 National Baptist Convention USA Inc 44 National Farmers Alliance 37 National Hispanic Leadership Conference 37 Celebrities political activists and political commentatorsMuhammad Ali citation needed 1980 presidential nominee of the Citizens Party Barry Commoner 45 List of Ernest F Hollings endorsementsHollings had received endorsements from United States SenateFormer U S Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana 46 Former U S Senator William B Spong Jr of Virginia 47 State Constitutional officersLieutenant Governor Martha Griffiths of Michigan 48 State Senator Anna Belle Clement O Brien of Tennessee 49 Lieutenant Governor Nancy Stevenson of South Carolina 48 List of John Glenn endorsementsGlenn had received endorsements from United States SenateSenator Sam Nunn of Georgia 50 Senator Jim Sasser of Tennessee 51 Senator Paul Tsongas of Massachusetts 52 United States House of RepresentativesRepresentative Jerry Huckaby of Louisiana 19 Governors and State Constitutional officersLieutenant Governor Bill Baxley of Alabama 25 53 Governor Chuck Robb of Virginia 54 Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders GeorgiaCommissioner of Agriculture Tommy Irvin 24 TexasState Representative Larry Walker 24 CelebritiesActor and director Warren Beatty 35 List of Alan Cranston endorsementsCranston had received endorsements from United States House of RepresentativesRepresentative William Lehman of Florida 19 List of Reubin Askew endorsementsAskew had received endorsements from United States SenateSenator Lawton Chiles of Florida 28 United States House of RepresentativesRepresentative William V Chappell Jr of Florida 19 Representative Dante Fascell of Florida 19 Representative Sam Gibbons of Florida 19 Representative Dan Mica of Florida 19 Governors and State Constitutional officersGovernor Bob Graham of Florida 55 Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders FloridaMayor Eva Mack of West Palm Beach 56 Convention Edit This was the convention s nomination tally Balloting Presidential ballot Vice Presidential ballotWalter F Mondale 2 191 Geraldine A Ferraro 3 920Gary W Hart 1 200 5 Shirley Chisholm 3Jesse L Jackson 465 5Thomas F Eagleton 18George S McGovern 4John H Glenn 2Joe Biden 1Lane Kirkland 1When he made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention Mondale said Let s tell the truth Mr Reagan will raise taxes and so will I He won t tell you I just did 57 Although Mondale intended to expose Reagan as hypocritical and position himself as the honest candidate the choice of raising taxes as a discussion point likely damaged his electoral chances Vice presidential nominee Edit Ferraro with Boston Mayor Raymond Flynn and Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis at a campaign stop in Boston Mondale wanted to establish a highly visible precedent with his vice presidential candidate Mondale chose U S Rep Geraldine A Ferraro from New York as his running mate making her the first woman and the first Catholic nominated for that position by a major party Another reason for the nominee to go for broke instead of balancing the ticket was Reagan s lead in the polls Mondale hoped to appeal to women and by 1980 they were the majority of voters In a much criticized parade of possible Veep candidates to his home in Minnesota Mondale considered San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein and Kentucky Governor Martha Layne Collins also female Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley an African American and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros a Hispanic as other finalists for the nomination In addition to her sex Mondale chose Ferraro because he hoped she would attract ethnic voters with her personal background 14 58 Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jesse Jackson derided Mondale s vice presidential screening process as a P R parade of personalities but praised Mondale for his choice having himself pledged to name a woman to the ticket in the event he was nominated Mondale had wanted to choose New York Governor Mario Cuomo as his running mate but Cuomo declined and recommended Ferraro 59 his protegee 60 Mondale might have named Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis as his running mate had he wanted to make a safe choice 58 while others preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters Nomination rival Gary Hart stated before Ferraro s selection that he would accept an invitation to run with Mondale 58 Hart s supporters claimed he would do better than Mondale against President Reagan an argument undercut by a June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the president Other parties Edit National Unity Party nomination Edit Sources 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Former Representative John B Anderson from Illinois declined to run April 26 1984 endorsed Mondale August 27 The National Unity Party was an outgrowth of John Anderson s presidential campaign from the 1980 presidential election Anderson hoped that the party would be able to challenge the two old parties which he viewed as being tied to various special interest groups and incapable of responsible fiscal reform The intention was to organize the new party in California Oregon Washington Illinois the New England states and others where his previous candidacy had proven to have experienced the most success The party was also eligible for 5 8 million in Federal election funds but its qualification depended on it being on the ballot in at least ten states however it remained unclear if National Unity could actually obtain the funds or if it needed to be Anderson himself Anderson initially was against running hoping that another notable politico would take the party into the 1984 election and feared that his own candidacy might result in the party being labeled a personality cult However no candidate came forward resulting in Anderson becoming the nominee in waiting While Anderson had found equal support from the Republicans and Democrats in the 1980 election the grand majority of the former had since switched back resulting in the new party being supported principally by those who normally would vote Democratic which it was feared might make him a spoiler candidate In light of this in addition to difficulties in getting on the ballot in his targeted states Utah and Kentucky were the only two neither among those he intended to prominently campaign in Anderson ultimately declined to run Later he would endorse the Democratic nominee Walter Mondale Anderson had hoped that the party would continue to grow and later field a candidate in 1988 which he declared would not be him but it floundered and ultimately dissolved Libertarian Party nomination Edit David Bergland Party Chairman from California Gene Burns talk radio host from Florida withdrew August 26 1983 68 Tonie Nathan 1972 vice presidential nominee from Oregon declined to contest Earl Ravenal foreign policy analyst academic and writer from Washington D C Mary Ruwart research scientist from TexasBurns was the initial frontrunner for the nomination but withdrew citing concerns that the party would not be able to properly finance a campaign The remaining candidates were Bergland Ravenal who had worked in the Department of Defense under Robert McNamara and Clark Clifford and Ruwart Bergland narrowly won the presidential nomination over Ravenal His running mate was James A Lewis The ticket appeared on 39 state ballots Citizens Party nomination Edit Sonia Johnson ran in the 1984 presidential election as the presidential candidate of the Citizens Party Pennsylvania s Consumer Party and California s Peace and Freedom Party Johnson received 72 161 votes 0 1 finishing fifth Her running mate for the Citizens Party was Richard Walton and for the Peace and Freedom Party Emma Wong Mar One of her campaign managers Mark Dunlea later wrote a novel about a first female president Madame President Communist Party nomination Edit The Communist Party USA ran Gus Hall for president and Angela Davis for vice president General election EditCampaign Edit Mondale and Ferraro campaigning in Fort Lauderdale Florida Mondale ran a liberal campaign supporting a nuclear freeze and the Equal Rights Amendment ERA He spoke against what he considered to be unfairness in Reagan s economic policies and the need to reduce federal budget deficits While Ferraro s choice was popular among Democratic activists polls immediately after the announcement showed that only 22 of women were pleased about her selection versus 18 who agreed that it was a bad idea 60 of all voters thought that pressure from women s groups had led to Mondale s decision versus 22 who believed that he had chosen the best available candidate 58 Some members of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church criticized the Catholic Ferraro for being pro choice on abortion Already fighting an uphill battle with voters Ferraro also faced a slew of allegations mid campaign directed toward her husband John Zaccaro These allegations included Zaccaro s possible past involvement in organized crime pornography distribution and campaign contribution violations Ferraro responded to these allegations against her husband by releasing her family tax returns to the media on August 21 1984 However the damage to the campaign was already done 69 Reagan and Bush campaigning in Austin Texas At a campaign stop in Hammonton New Jersey Reagan said America s future rests in a thousand dreams inside your hearts It rests in the message of hope in songs of a man so many young Americans admire New Jersey s Bruce Springsteen The Reagan campaign briefly used Born in the U S A a song criticizing the treatment of Vietnam War veterans which they mistakenly thought was devoid of anti war content and a very jingoistic patriotic rock song as a campaign song without permission until Springsteen a lifelong Democrat insisted that they stop 70 Two of the more memorable Reagan campaign ads were commonly known as Morning in America and after the difficult first debate for the president Bear in the woods 71 source source source source source source source source Clip from the second debate in which Reagan responds to a question about his age Reagan was the oldest president to have served to that time at 73 and there were questions about his capacity to endure the grueling demands of the presidency particularly after Reagan had a poor showing in the first 1984 United States presidential debates with Mondale on October 7 He referred to having started going to church here in Washington although the debate was in Louisville Kentucky referred to military uniforms as wardrobe and admitted to being confused among other mistakes 72 In the next debate on October 21 however in response to a question from journalist Henry Trewhitt 71 about his age Reagan joked I will not make age an issue of this campaign I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent s youth and inexperience Mondale himself laughed at the joke 73 and later admitted that Reagan had effectively neutralized the age issue If TV can tell the truth as you say it can you ll see that I was smiling But I think if you come in close you ll see some tears coming down because I knew he had gotten me there That was really the end of my campaign that night I think I told my wife the campaign was over and it was 74 Presidential debates Edit Main article 1984 United States presidential debates There were two presidential debates and one vice presidential debate during the 1984 general election 75 No Date Host Location Panelists Moderator Participants Viewership millions P1 Sunday October 7 1984 The Kentucky Center Louisville Kentucky James WieghartDiane SawyerFred Barnes Barbara Walters President Ronald ReaganVice President Walter Mondale 65 1 75 VP Thursday October 11 1984 Philadelphia Civic Center Philadelphia John BashekJack WhiteRobert Boyd Sander Vanocur Vice President George H W BushCongresswoman Geraldine Ferraro 56 7 75 P2 Sunday October 21 1984 Municipal Auditorium Kansas City Missouri Kansas City Missouri Georgie Anne GeyerMarvin KalbMorton Kondracke Edwin Newman President Ronald ReaganVice President Walter Mondale 67 3 75 Results Edit Results by county shaded according to winning candidate s percentage of the vote Election results by county Ronald Reagan Walter Mondale Results by congressional district Margin of victory by state Reagan was re elected in the November 6 election in an electoral and popular vote landslide winning 49 states by the time the ballots were finished counting on election night at 11 34 PM in Iowa He won a record 525 electoral votes total of 538 possible and received 58 8 of the popular vote despite Ferraro s selection 55 of women who voted did so for Reagan 69 and his 54 to 61 of the Catholic vote was the highest for a Republican candidate in history 76 Mondale s 13 electoral college votes from his home state of Minnesota which he won by 0 18 and the District of Columbia marked the lowest total of any major presidential candidate since Alf Landon s 1936 loss to Franklin D Roosevelt Mondale s defeat was also the worst for any Democratic Party candidate in American history in the Electoral College and his 13 electoral votes the fewest any Democrat has won since Stephen A Douglas claimed 12 in the 1860 election when the Democratic vote was divided though others including Alton B Parker James M Cox John W Davis and George S McGovern did worse in the popular vote The 1984 election remains the only election since the uncontested 1820 election that any candidate of any party won every state along the Atlantic Coast Psephologists attributed a factor of the Republican victory to Reagan Democrats millions of Democrats who voted for Reagan as in 1980 They characterized such Reagan Democrats as southern whites and northern blue collar workers who voted for Reagan because they credited him with the economic recovery saw Reagan as strong on national security issues and perceived the Democrats as supporting the poor and minorities at the expense of the middle class The Democratic National Committee commissioned a study after the election that came to these conclusions but destroyed all copies of the final report afraid that it would offend the party s key voters 76 Reagan also benefited from a near total collapse in the third party vote which dropped to just 0 67 of the popular vote its lowest level since 1964 with Bergland s campaign alone counting for over a third of this number and none of the other third party candidates exceeding 0 1 of the popular vote Despite John B Anderson s endorsement of Mondale the majority of the people who voted for Anderson in 1980 voted for Reagan in this election as did the majority of those who voted for Ed Clark in 1980 Reagan receiving a concession call from Mondale When Reagan was asked in December 1984 what he wanted for Christmas he joked Well Minnesota would have been nice 77 Reagan lost Minnesota in both this election and in 1980 making it the only state he failed to win in either election and also making him the first two term Republican president not to carry Minnesota and the same feat would later be duplicated by George W Bush who won both the 2000 and 2004 Elections without winning Minnesota either time This is the last election where the Republican candidate achieved any of the following Win every state in the Northeastern Southern and Pacific regions of the United States win at least one county in every state win any of the following states Hawaii Massachusetts New York Oregon Rhode Island and Washington and win the following states twice California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York Oregon Pennsylvania Vermont Washington and Wisconsin 78 It was also the last election where the Republican nominee won Wisconsin until 2016 Iowa until 2004 West Virginia until 2000 the last election in which the winning candidate won by a double digit margin in the percentage of the popular vote and the last election where the winning candidate won by an eight digit margin in total popular votes 10 million or more 78 Finally despite his narrow loss in Minnesota Reagan still won in five out of its eight congressional districts by contrast Nixon had only carried one Massachusetts district twelve years earlier thus making Reagan the only U S presidential candidate in history to win the popular vote in a majority of congressional districts in every state In stark contrast Mondale became the first major party U S presidential candidate since the start of popular presidential elections not to win a majority of the popular vote in even a single state not counting Stephen A Douglas in 1860 and William H Taft in 1912 elections which were both complicated by strong third party performances plus the Democratic vote being divided between Douglas and John C Breckinridge in 1860 having only won a plurality of 49 7 of the vote in Minnesota The 525 electoral votes received by Reagan the most ever received by a nominee in one election added to the 489 electoral votes he achieved in 1980 gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president twice 1 014 and the second largest number of electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president behind Franklin D Roosevelt s 1 876 total electoral votes Reagan is also the last person to win at least one electoral vote in three different elections the elections of 1976 1980 and 1984 Statistics Edit Electoral results Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoralvote Running mateCount Percentage Vice presidential candidate Home state Electoral voteRonald Wilson Reagan Incumbent Republican California 54 455 472 58 77 525 George Herbert Walker Bush Texas 525Walter Frederick Mondale Democratic Minnesota 37 577 352 40 56 13 Geraldine Anne Ferraro New York 13David Bergland Libertarian California 228 111 0 25 0 Jim Lewis Connecticut 0Lyndon LaRouche Independent Virginia 78 809 0 09 0 Billy Davis Mississippi 0Sonia Johnson Citizens Idaho 72 161 0 08 0 Richard Walton Rhode Island 0Bob Richards Populist Texas 66 324 0 07 0 Maureen Salaman California 0Dennis L Serrette New Alliance New Jersey 46 853 0 05 0 Nancy Ross New York 0Gus Hall Communist New York 36 386 0 04 0 Angela Davis California 0Melvin T Mason Socialist Workers California 24 699 0 03 0 Matilde Zimmermann New York 0Larry Holmes Workers World New York 17 985 0 02 0 Gloria La Riva California 0Other 49 181 0 05 Other Total 92 653 233 100 538 538Needed to win 270 270Source for the popular vote 79 Source for the electoral vote 80 Popular voteReagan 58 77 Mondale 40 56 Bergland 0 25 Others 0 42 Electoral voteReagan 97 58 Mondale 2 42 Results by state Edit Sources 81 82 Legend States districts won by Reagan BushStates districts won by Mondale Ferraro At large results Maine used the Congressional District Method Ronald ReaganRepublican Walter MondaleDemocratic David BerglandLibertarian Margin State totalState electoralvotes electoralvotes electoralvotes electoralvotes Alabama 9 872 849 60 54 9 551 899 38 28 9 504 0 66 320 950 22 26 1 441 713 ALAlaska 3 138 377 66 65 3 62 007 29 87 6 378 3 07 76 370 36 79 207 605 AKArizona 7 681 416 66 42 7 333 854 32 54 10 585 1 03 347 562 33 88 1 025 897 AZArkansas 6 534 774 60 47 6 338 646 38 29 2 221 0 25 196 128 22 18 884 406 ARCalifornia 47 5 467 009 57 51 47 3 922 519 41 27 49 951 0 53 1 544 490 16 25 9 505 423 CAColorado 8 821 818 63 44 8 454 974 35 12 11 257 0 87 366 844 28 32 1 295 381 COConnecticut 8 890 877 60 73 8 569 597 38 83 321 280 21 90 1 466 900 CTDelaware 3 152 190 59 78 3 101 656 39 93 268 0 11 50 534 19 85 254 572 DED C 3 29 009 13 73 180 408 85 38 3 279 0 13 151 399 71 66 211 288 DCFlorida 21 2 730 350 65 32 21 1 448 816 34 66 754 0 02 1 281 534 30 66 4 180 051 FLGeorgia 12 1 068 722 60 17 12 706 628 39 79 151 0 01 362 094 20 39 1 776 093 GAHawaii 4 185 050 55 10 4 147 154 43 82 2 167 0 65 37 896 11 28 335 846 HIIdaho 4 297 523 72 36 4 108 510 26 39 2 823 0 69 189 013 45 97 411 144 IDIllinois 24 2 707 103 56 17 24 2 086 499 43 30 10 086 0 21 620 604 12 88 4 819 088 ILIndiana 12 1 377 230 61 67 12 841 481 37 68 6 741 0 30 535 749 23 99 2 233 069 INIowa 8 703 088 53 27 8 605 620 45 89 1 844 0 14 97 468 7 39 1 319 805 IAKansas 7 677 296 66 27 7 333 149 32 60 3 329 0 33 344 147 33 67 1 021 991 KSKentucky 9 822 782 60 04 9 539 589 39 37 283 193 20 66 1 370 461 KYLouisiana 10 1 037 299 60 77 10 651 586 38 18 1 876 0 11 385 713 22 60 1 706 822 LAMaine 2 336 500 60 83 2 214 515 38 78 121 985 22 05 553 144 MEMaine 1 1 175 472 59 90 1 117 450 40 10 58 022 19 81 292 922 ME1Maine 2 1 161 028 62 39 1 97 065 37 61 63 963 24 78 258 093 ME2Maryland 10 879 918 52 51 10 787 935 47 02 5 721 0 34 91 983 5 49 1 675 873 MDMassachusetts 13 1 310 936 51 22 13 1 239 606 48 43 71 330 2 79 2 559 453 MAMichigan 20 2 251 571 59 23 20 1 529 638 40 24 10 055 0 26 721 933 18 99 3 801 658 MIMinnesota 10 1 032 603 49 54 1 036 364 49 72 10 2 996 0 14 3 761 0 18 2 084 449 MNMississippi 7 581 477 61 85 7 352 192 37 46 2 336 0 25 229 285 24 39 940 192 MSMissouri 11 1 274 188 60 02 11 848 583 39 98 425 605 20 05 2 122 771 MOMontana 4 232 450 60 47 4 146 742 38 18 5 185 1 35 85 708 22 30 384 377 MTNebraska 5 460 054 70 55 5 187 866 28 81 2 079 0 32 272 188 41 74 652 090 NENevada 4 188 770 65 85 4 91 655 31 97 2 292 0 80 97 115 33 88 286 667 NVNew Hampshire 4 267 051 68 66 4 120 395 30 95 735 0 19 146 656 37 71 388 954 NHNew Jersey 16 1 933 630 60 09 16 1 261 323 39 20 6 416 0 20 672 307 20 89 3 217 862 NJNew Mexico 5 307 101 59 70 5 201 769 39 23 4 459 0 87 105 332 20 48 514 370 NMNew York 36 3 664 763 53 84 36 3 119 609 45 83 11 949 0 18 545 154 8 01 6 806 810 NYNorth Carolina 13 1 346 481 61 90 13 824 287 37 89 3 794 0 17 522 194 24 00 2 175 361 NCNorth Dakota 3 200 336 64 84 3 104 429 33 80 703 0 23 95 907 31 04 308 971 NDOhio 23 2 678 560 58 90 23 1 825 440 40 14 5 886 0 13 853 120 18 76 4 547 619 OHOklahoma 8 861 530 68 61 8 385 080 30 67 9 066 0 72 476 450 37 94 1 255 676 OKOregon 7 685 700 55 91 7 536 479 43 74 149 221 12 17 1 226 527 ORPennsylvania 25 2 584 323 53 34 25 2 228 131 45 99 6 982 0 14 356 192 7 35 4 844 903 PARhode Island 4 212 080 51 66 4 197 106 48 02 277 0 07 14 974 3 65 410 492 RISouth Carolina 8 615 539 63 55 8 344 470 35 57 4 360 0 45 271 069 27 99 968 540 SCSouth Dakota 3 200 267 63 00 3 116 113 36 53 84 154 26 47 317 867 SDTennessee 11 990 212 57 84 11 711 714 41 57 3 072 0 18 278 498 16 27 1 711 993 TNTexas 29 3 433 428 63 61 29 1 949 276 36 11 1 484 152 27 50 5 397 571 TXUtah 5 469 105 74 50 5 155 369 24 68 2 447 0 39 313 736 49 83 629 656 UTVermont 3 135 865 57 92 3 95 730 40 81 1 002 0 43 40 135 17 11 234 561 VTVirginia 12 1 337 078 62 29 12 796 250 37 09 540 828 25 19 2 146 635 VAWashington 10 1 051 670 55 82 10 807 352 42 86 8 844 0 47 244 318 12 97 1 883 910 WAWest Virginia 6 405 483 55 11 6 328 125 44 60 77 358 10 51 735 742 WVWisconsin 11 1 198 800 54 19 11 995 847 45 02 4 884 0 22 202 953 9 18 2 212 016 WIWyoming 3 133 241 70 51 3 53 370 28 24 2 357 1 25 79 871 42 27 188 968 WYTOTALS 538 54 455 472 58 77 525 37 577 352 40 56 13 228 111 0 25 16 878 120 18 22 92 653 233 USMaine allowed its electoral votes to be split between candidates Two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote to the winner of each congressional district Reagan won all four votes Close states Edit Margin of victory less than 1 10 electoral votes Minnesota 0 18 3 761 votes Margin of victory more than 1 but less than 5 17 electoral votes 83 84 Massachusetts 2 79 71 330 votes Rhode Island 3 65 14 974 votes Margin of victory more than 5 but less than 10 90 electoral votes 83 84 Maryland 5 49 91 983 votes Pennsylvania 7 35 356 192 votes Iowa 7 38 97 468 votes New York 8 01 545 154 votes Wisconsin 9 17 202 953 votes Tipping point Michigan 18 99 721 933 votes Counties Edit 81 Counties with highest percent of vote Republican Madison County Idaho 92 88 Hansford County Texas 89 38 Ochiltree County Texas 89 15 Grant County Nebraska 88 45 Blaine County Nebraska 88 32 Counties with highest percent of vote Democratic Washington D C 85 38 Macon County Alabama 82 71 Shannon County South Dakota 81 41 Jefferson County Mississippi 77 94 Hancock County Georgia 76 61 Voter demographics EditThe 1984 presidential vote by demographic subgroupDemographic subgroup Mondale Reagan oftotal voteTotal vote 41 59 100IdeologyLiberals 71 29 16Moderates 46 54 42Conservatives 18 82 33PartyDemocrats 74 26 38Republicans 7 93 35Independents 36 62 26GenderMen 38 62 47Women 42 58 53RaceWhite 34 66 86Black 91 9 10Hispanic 66 34 3Age18 24 years old 39 61 1125 29 years old 43 57 1230 49 years old 42 58 3450 64 years old 39 61 2365 and older 36 64 19Family incomeUnder 12 500 54 46 15 12 500 25 000 42 58 27 25 000 35 000 40 60 20 35 000 50 000 32 68 17Over 50 000 31 69 12RegionEast 46 53 26Midwest 39 61 30South 37 63 27West 38 62 17Union householdsUnion 54 46 26Source CBS News and The New York Times exit poll from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research 9 174 surveyed 85 Notable expressions and phrases EditWhere s the beef A slogan used by Wendy s to suggest that their competitors have smaller portions of meat in their sandwiches but used in the Democratic primaries by Mondale to criticize Gary Hart s positions as lacking substance Morning in America Slogan used by the Reagan campaign See also Edit1984 United States Senate elections 1984 United States House of Representatives elections 1984 United States gubernatorial elections History of the United States 1980 1991 Second inauguration of Ronald ReaganPortals 1980s Politics United StatesReferences Edit Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections uselectionatlas org Retrieved October 21 2012 Raines Howell November 7 1984 Reagan Wins By a Landslide Sweeping at Least 48 States G O P Gains Strength in House The New York Times Retrieved March 21 2013 a b Lou Cannon October 4 2016 Ronald Reagan Campaigns and Elections Miller Center of Public Affairs Retrieved September 5 2020 The Reagan Presidency Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation Archived from the original on May 17 2008 Retrieved April 19 2008 Murse Tom January 28 2019 The Most Lopsided Presidential Elections in U S History How a Landslide is Measured ThoughtCo Retrieved March 9 2019 1984 Presidential Election Results David Leip Retrieved May 25 2007 Peters Gerhard Woollley John T Election of 1984 Santa Barbara California The American Presidency Project Archived from the original on February 1 2018 Retrieved March 30 2018 Kalb Deborah ed 2010 Guide to U S Elections Washington DC CQ Press p 435 ISBN 978 1 60426 536 1 1984 PRESIDENTIAL ANNOUNCEMENT SPEECH OF GEORGE McGOVERN 4president org September 13 1983 Retrieved August 11 2014 Clymer Adam December 1 1982 KENNEDY REPORTED DECLINING TO SEEK PRESIDENCY IN 1984 The New York Times Morganthau Tom December 12 1982 Why Kennedy Withdrew From 1984 Race Newsweek Skipper John C January 13 2010 The Iowa Caucuses First Tests of Presidential Aspiration 1972 2008 McFarland ISBN 978 0 7864 5713 7 Larry J Sabato s Feeding Frenzy July 21 1998 Jesse Jackson s Hymietown Remark 1984 Washington Post Retrieved May 26 2010 a b Thomas Evan Allis Sam Beckwith David July 2 1984 Trying to Win the Peace Time Magazine Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Butterfield Fox February 22 1984 HART AFTER IOWA SEES A 2 MAN RACE Published 1984 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 8 2021 A Wild Ride to the End TIME May 16 2008 Archived from the original on May 16 2008 Retrieved December 24 2022 Marcus Ruth January 16 2008 Ruth Marcus Parsing Tsunami Tuesday The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved December 24 2022 Six California House Members Switch Cranston To Mondale The Napa Valley Register March 3 1984 p 13 Retrieved May 13 2022 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Democrats Choose Delegates The New York Times January 24 1984 Retrieved August 11 2014 Crowder Ken Gannaway Glenn March 27 1984 No winner in Lee WIse caucuses Kingsport Times News p 15 Retrieved May 13 2022 a b c Lynn Frank January 15 1984 State Drawing Presidential Hopefuls State The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 Hyde John January 26 1984 Harkin Bedell Smith win seats at convention The Des Moines Register p 4 Retrieved May 13 2022 Harkin and Bedell have endorsed the candidacy of former Vice President Walter Mondale Moses Charles T April 1 1984 Primary Called Test of Black Voting Power Newsday Suffolk Edition p 15 Retrieved May 13 2022 Others closely tied to the Democratic Party structure including Rep Charles Rangel D Manhattan national vice chairman for Walter Mondale s campaign and a powerful leader in the black community have described Jackson s candidacy as one blacks cannot afford to endorse a b c d Raines Howell January 29 1984 Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble For Glenn The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 a b c d Raines Howell October 20 1983 Democrats Pursue Southern Support The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 Boyd Gerald M December 11 1983 Alabama Blacks Group Decides To Back Mondale Jackson Ticket The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 a b Raines Howell December 12 1983 MONDALE HAD GOOD 83 NOW THE REAL TEST BEGINS The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 a b c Smith Hedrick February 25 1984 Experts Say The South Looks Blead For Glenn The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 a b HOWELL RAINES November 4 1983 A Provocative Candidate The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 a b Gailey Phil December 5 1983 Political Potholes Ahead For Traveling Democrats The New York Times Chicago Ill Retrieved August 11 2014 Raines Howell October 19 1983 Politics Hart S Tactics Askew S Train And Film Anxieties The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 Rainie Harrison June 7 1984 Urge Hart to pack it in for unity Daily News p 34 Retrieved May 13 2022 HOWELL RAINES February 26 1984 8 DEMOCRATS GIRD FOR KEY PRIMARY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE The New York Times New Hampshire Retrieved August 11 2014 Abramson Rudy Oates May Louise March 8 1984 Senator Accuses Reagan of Using Divisive Issues The Los Angeles Times p 1 Retrieved May 13 2022 a b Plotz David August 20 1999 Warren Beatty Slate Magazine Retrieved December 24 2022 Smothers Ronald November 1 1983 Democratic Candidates Welcome Jackson Bid For Nomination The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 a b c Smothers Ronald November 4 1983 Jackson Declares Formal Candidacy The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 Orval Faubus Supporting Jackson The Charlotte Observer March 10 1984 p 6 Retrieved May 13 2022 Smothers Ronald December 28 1983 Jackson Wins Attention But Strength Is Unclear The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 a b Ronald Smothers March 12 1984 Alabama Black Leaders Are Urging Pragmatism In Supporting Mondale The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 a b Smothers Ronald January 15 1984 Jackson Attracts Crowds But Planning Is Erratic The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 Canerdy Beverly March 12 1984 D C mayor stumps for Jackson Clarion Ledger p 12 Retrieved May 13 2022 a b c Boyd Gerald M February 14 1984 Black Churches A Mainspring Of Jackson S Efforts The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 Raines Howell December 2 1983 Jackson Gets Support Apparently Without Poll Of The Group The New York Times Retrieved August 11 2014 Barry Commoner Vows To Back Jesse Jackson The New York Times August 30 1983 Retrieved January 18 2015 South Carolina Political Collections University Libraries University of South Carolina sc edu Tom Sherwood December 15 1983 Del Pickett to Head Mondale s Va Race The Washington Post a b Winchester Star Newspaper Archives February 10 1984 Page 18 Anna Belle Clement O Brien passes away at 86 Archived from the original on September 6 2009 Glenn camp can t afford loss in South The Morning Call March 11 1984 p 7 Retrieved May 13 2022 Glenn was endorsed Friday by Sen Sam Nunn D Ga who said he cast his absentee ballot for the Ohio senator Robinson Walter V January 21 1984 Glenn says a Mondale comment goes too far The Boston Globe p 6 Retrieved May 13 2022 GLENN SEEKING TO TURN A HERO S IMAGE INTO VOTES The New York Times June 15 1983 Retrieved January 18 2015 Ferraro collects pledges of support from state s major political groups The Montgomery Advertiser August 26 1984 p 2 Retrieved May 13 2022 Durrette criticizes Robb for endorsing Mondale Kingsport Times News September 25 1984 p 11 Retrieved May 13 2022 Askew Ends Presidential Campaign The Miami Herald March 2 1984 p 17 Retrieved May 13 2022 One who apparently dissuaded him was Gov Bob Graham who steadfastly supported Askew for president ASKEW TELLS MOBILE HE FEELS GOOD ABOUT RACE The New York Times February 7 1984 Retrieved January 18 2015 Howell Raines July 20 1984 Party Nominates Rep Ferraro Mondale in Acceptance Vows Fair Policies and Deficit Cut The New York Times p A1 a b c d Church George L Magnuson Ed July 23 1984 Geraldine Ferraro A Break with Tradition Time Archived from the original on January 5 2013 Retrieved March 26 2011 Blumenthal Ralph September 8 2008 When the Press Vetted Geraldine Ferraro The New York Times Retrieved March 26 2011 Buckley Cara March 28 2011 Of Ferraro s Roles in Many Arenas a Favorite Gerry From Queens The New York Times pp A18 Retrieved March 30 2011 The New York Times June 11 1983 The New York Times November 9 1983 The New York Times April 20 1984 The New York Times April 27 1984 The New York Times May 4 1984 The New York Times August 28 1984 Former Congressman John Anderson Runs for President Again in 1984 Archives nbclearn com Retrieved January 18 2015 Candidate withdraws from Race news google com August 27 1983 Archived from the original on September 21 2013 via The Palm Beach Post a b Martin Douglas March 27 2011 Geraldine A Ferraro First Woman on Major Party Ticket Dies at 75 The New York Times pp A1 Retrieved March 26 2011 Chao Eveline July 8 2015 35 Musicians Who Told Politicians to Stop Using Their Songs Rolling Stone Retrieved February 8 2021 a b Baker Peter and Susan Glasser The Man Who Ran Washington The Life and Times of James A Baker III Doubleday NY 2020 pp 238 243 1984 Presidential Candidate Debate President Reagan and Walter Mondale 10 7 84 Debates October 7 1984 Archived from the original on October 29 2021 Retrieved January 15 2011 Reagan Ronald Mondale Walter April 27 2009 1984 Presidential Candidate Debate President Reagan and Walter Mondale 10 21 84 The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation Event occurs at 32 55 Archived from the original on October 29 2021 Mondale Walter 1984 There You Go Again Again Debating Our Destiny Transcript PBS Newshour Interview Interviewed by Lehrer Jim Archived from the original on December 12 2000 Retrieved February 29 2012 a b c d CPD 1984 Debates www debates org Retrieved January 8 2019 a b Prendergast William B 1999 The Catholic vote in American politics Washington D C Georgetown University Press pp 186 191 193 ISBN 0 87840 724 3 Minnesota heads Reagan s wish list The Tuscaloosa News Tuscaloosa Alabama Associated Press December 4 1984 p 27 Retrieved July 18 2012 a b Historical U S Presidential Elections 1789 2016 Retrieved October 12 2018 Leip David 1984 Presidential Election Results Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections Retrieved August 7 2005 Electoral College Box Scores 1789 1996 National Archives and Records Administration Retrieved August 7 2005 a b 1984 Presidential General Election Data National Retrieved March 17 2013 Barone Michael Ujifusa Grant June 1989 The Almanac of American Politics 1986 National Journal ISBN 978 0 89234 044 6 a b POPULAR VOTE AND ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE BY STATE TXT Psephos adam carr net Retrieved January 18 2015 a b Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections County Data Uselectionatlas org Retrieved January 16 2011 How Groups Voted in 1984 ropercenter cornell edu Retrieved February 1 2018 Notes Edit Wisconsin s primary ballot offered voters the options Ronald Reagan Yes Ronald Reagan No and Others Further reading EditBoyd Richard W Paul R Mencher Philip J Paseltiner Ezra Paul Alexander S Vanda The 1984 Election as Anthony Downs and Stanley Kelley Might Interpret It Political Behavior Vol 10 No 3 Autumn 1988 pp 197 213 Goldman Peter et al The quest for the presidency 1984 1985 online Ladd Everett Carll 1985 On Mandates Realignments and the 1984 Presidential Election Political Science Quarterly 100 1 1 24 doi 10 2307 2150858 JSTOR 2150858 Leuchtenburg William E 1986 The 1984 Election in Historical Perspective Waco Baylor University Press ISBN 0 918954 45 2 Morris Lorenzo 1990 The Social and Political Implications of the 1984 Jesse Jackson Presidential Campaign New York Praeger ISBN 0 275 92785 7 Moore Jonathan ed 1986 Campaign for President The Managers Look at 84 Dover Auburn House ISBN 0 86569 132 0 Sandoz E Crabb C V Jr eds 1985 Election 84 Landslide Without a Mandate New York New American Library ISBN 0 451 62424 6 Stempel Guido H III John W Windhauser 1991 The Media in the 1984 and 1988 Presidential Campaigns New York Greenwood Press ISBN 0 313 26527 5 External links EditThe Election Wall s 1984 election video page 1984 popular vote by counties 1984 popular vote by states 1984 popular vote by states with bar graphs Campaign commercials from the 1984 election Democratic primaries at the Wayback Machine archived October 26 2009 Election of 1984 in Counting the Votes Archived March 3 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1984 United States presidential election amp oldid 1132270160, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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