Wikipedia
List of political parties in the United Kingdom
The Electoral Commission's Register of Political Parties[1] lists the details of political parties registered to fight elections in the United Kingdom, including their registered name. Under current electoral law, including the Registration of Political Parties Act 1998, the Electoral Administration Act 2006, and the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, only registered party names can be used on ballot papers by those wishing to fight elections. Candidates who do not belong to a registered party can use "independent" or no label at all. As of 2 August 2019[update], the Electoral Commission showed the number of registered political parties in Great Britain and Northern Ireland as 408.[2]
Before the middle of the 19th century, politics in the United Kingdom was dominated by the Whigs and the Tories. These were not political parties in the modern sense but somewhat loose alliances of interests and individuals. The Whigs included many of the leading aristocratic dynasties committed to the Protestant succession, and later drew support from elements of the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants, while the Tories were associated with the landed gentry, the Church of England and the Church of Scotland.
By the mid 19th century, the Tories had evolved into the Conservative Party, and the Whigs had evolved into the Liberal Party. The concept of right and left came originally from France, where the supporters of a monarchy (constitutional or absolute) sat on the right wing of the National Assembly, and republicans on the left. In the late 19th century, the Liberal Party began to lean towards the left. Liberal Unionists split off from the Liberals over Irish Home Rule and moved closer to the Conservatives over time.
The Liberals and Conservatives dominated the political scene until the 1920s, when the Liberal Party declined in popularity and suffered a long stream of resignations. It was replaced as the main anti-Tory opposition party by the newly emerging Labour Party, which represented an alliance between the labour movement, organised trades unions and various socialist societies.
Since then, the Conservative and Labour parties have dominated British politics, and have alternated in government ever since. However, the UK is not quite a two-party system as other parties have significant support. The Liberal Democrats were the third largest party until the 2015 general election when they were overtaken by the Scottish National Party in terms of seats and UK political party membership, and by the UK Independence Party (UKIP) in terms of votes.
The UK's first-past-the-post electoral system leaves small parties disadvantaged on a UK-wide scale. It can, however, allow parties with concentrations of supporters in the constituent countries to flourish. In the 2015 election, there was widespread controversy[3][4][5] when the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and the Green Party of England and Wales received 4.9 million votes[6] (12.6% of the total vote for UKIP and 3.8% for the Greens) yet only gained one seat each in the House of Commons. After that election, UKIP, the Liberal Democrats, the Scottish National Party, Plaid Cymru, and the Green Party of England and Wales, together with its Scottish and Northern Ireland affiliated parties, delivered a petition signed by 477,000[7] people to Downing Street demanding electoral reform.
Since 1997, proportional representation-based voting systems have been adopted for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the Senedd (Welsh Parliament), the Northern Ireland Assembly, the London Assembly and (until Brexit in 2020) the UK's seats in the European Parliament. In these bodies, other parties have had success.
Traditionally political parties have been private organisations with no official recognition by the state. The Registration of Political Parties Act 1998 changed that by creating a register of parties.
Membership of political parties has been in decline in the UK since the 1950s, falling by over 65% from 1983 (4% of the electorate) to 2005 (1.3%).[8]
Parties with representation in the House of Commons edit
Parties without representation in the House of Commons, but with representation in other UK legislatures edit
There are a number of political parties in the United Kingdom that do not have representation in the House of Commons, but have elected representatives in the Northern Ireland Assembly and Scottish Parliament These are:
| Party | Founded | Political position | Ideology | Leader | House of Lords | Holyrood | Stormont | Local government[12] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) | 1905 | Centre-right | British unionism Conservatism | Doug Beattie | 2 / 824 [Note 10] | — | 9 / 90 | 54 / 19,103 | |
| Scottish Greens | 1990 | Centre-left to left-wing | Green politics Scottish independence Scottish republicanism Pro-Europeanism | Patrick Harvie, Lorna Slater (job share) | — | 7 / 129 | — | 35 / 19,103 [13] | |
| Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) | 2007 | Right-wing | British unionism National conservatism Social conservatism Euroscepticism | Jim Allister | — | — | 1 / 90 | 9 / 19,103 | |
| People Before Profit (PBP) | 2005 | Left-wing | Socialism Trotskyism Anti-capitalism Irish reunification | Eamonn McCann[Note 11] | — | — | 1 / 90 | 2 / 19,103 | |
Party descriptions edit
| Party | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Conservative and Unionist Party | A party loosely divided into three categories; the Thatcherites, who strongly support a free market with restrained government spending and tend to be Eurosceptic, the Cornerstone Group, who advocate for the preservation of established institutions and traditional principles, and the One Nation Conservatives. | |
| Labour Party | A social democratic party with democratic socialist elements that has its roots in the trade union movement. The party has several internal factions, which include: Momentum, Open Labour, Progressive Britain, Blue Labour, and the Labour members standing jointly with the Co-operative Party (as Labour and Co-operative). | |
| Scottish National Party | Scottish nationalist and social democratic party which supports Scottish independence and membership of the European Union or further devolution for Scotland. | |
| Co-operative Party | A party that promotes cooperative principles and values, and provides political representation for the British co-operative movement. Since 1927 has been in an electoral alliance with the Labour party, standing joint candidates (under the Labour and Co-operative description). | |
| Liberal Democrats | A liberal party; its main branches are social liberals based around groups such as 'Social Liberal Forum', and the more centrist 'Liberal Reform' grouping, which believes that economic liberalism should be emphasised more. There is also a social democratic faction and influence within the party. Supports re-joining the European Union. | |
| Democratic Unionist Party | British Unionist and socially conservative, national conservative political party in Northern Ireland. | |
| Sinn Féin | Irish republican party dedicated to the reunification of Ireland and the creation of a new republic based on democratic socialist values. | |
| Plaid Cymru | Democratic socialist, social democratic, Welsh nationalist party in favour of Welsh independence or further devolution for Wales. | |
| Social Democratic and Labour Party | Irish nationalist and social-democratic party supporting a United Ireland. | |
| Ulster Unionist Party | A conservative and Unionist party in Northern Ireland. | |
| Green Party of England and Wales | Green political party that favours environmentalism, progressivism and sustainability. | |
| Scottish Greens | Green political party in favour of Scottish independence and Scottish republicanism. | |
| Alliance Party of Northern Ireland | Liberal and nonsectarian political party in Northern Ireland. | |
| Traditional Unionist Voice | Strongly social and national conservative unionist party in Northern Ireland. | |
| People Before Profit | A socialist and Trotskyist party that is active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. | |
| Alba Party | A pro-Scottish independence and Scottish nationalist party founded in February 2021. | |
Elected representatives at principal level of local government in the United Kingdom edit
Nationwide edit
| Party | Founded | Political position | Ideology | Leader | Local authorities | Councillors[14] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Party | 1989 | Centre | Liberalism (British), Euroscepticism | Steve Radford | Liverpool, North Yorkshire, Test Valley | 5 | |
| Reform UK | 2018 | Right-wing | Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism | Richard Tice | Barnsley, Derby, Sunderland, Derbyshire, Hastings | 5 | |
| Social Democratic Party (SDP) | 1990 | Fiscal: Centre-left Social: Centre-right | Social democracy, Social conservatism, Communitarianism, Euroscepticism | William Clouston | Leeds City Council | 2 | |
| National Flood Prevention Party | 2011 | — | Single-issue | Ewan Larcombe | Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council | 1 | |
National and regional edit
Local edit
| Party | Leader | Local authorities | Councillors[19] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashfield Independents | Jason Zadrozny | Ashfield, Nottinghamshire | 42 | |
| Residents for Uttlesford | Petrina Lees | Uttlesford, Essex County Council | 24 | |
| Aspire | Kalam Mahmud Abu Taher Choudhury | Tower Hamlets Council | 24 | |
| Boston Independents | Anne Dorrian | Boston Borough Council | 18 | |
| Havering Residents Association | Havering London Borough Council | 18 | ||
| Canvey Island Independent Party | David Blackwell | Castle Point, Essex | 17 | |
| South Holland Independents | South Holland District, Lincolnshire County Council | 17 | ||
| Farnham Residents | No leader | Surrey County Council, Waverley | 16 | |
| Loughton Residents Association | — | Epping Forest District, Essex County Council | 14 | |
| Lincolnshire Independents | Marianne Overton | Lincolnshire | 13 | |
| The People's Independent Party | Castle Point | 13 | ||
| Swale Independents | Mike Baldock | Swale Borough Council | 13 | |
| Community Campaign (Hart) | Hart District Council | 10 | ||
| West Suffolk Independents | Victor Lukaniuk | Suffolk County Council | 10 | |
| Ashford Independents | Noel Ovenden | Ashford | 9 | |
| South Devon Alliance | Teignbridge | 9 | ||
| Tunbridge Wells Alliance | Nicholas Pope[20] | Tunbridge Wells | 9 | |
| Basingstoke & Deane Independents | Ian Tilbury | Basingstoke and Deane | 8 | |
| Christchurch Independents | BCP Council | 8 | ||
| Rochford District Residents | No Leader | Rochford District, Essex County Council | 8 | |
| Radcliffe First | Metropolitan Borough of Bury | 8 | ||
| Ashtead Independents | Chris Hunt | Mole Valley, Surrey | 7 | |
| The Borough First[21] | Charles Hollingsworth | Windsor and Maidenhead | 7 | |
| Peterborough First | Peterborough City Council | 7 | ||
| Residents for Guildford and Villages | Jonathan Bigmore[22] | Guildford, Surrey | 7[23] | |
| Rother Association of Independent Councillors | Rother District Council | 7 | ||
| Stafford Borough Independents | Borough of Stafford | 7 | ||
| Whitehill & Bordon Community Party | Andy Tree[24] | East Hampshire District Council, Hampshire County Council | 7 | |
| Horwich and Blackrod First | Marie Brady | Horwich Town Council, Bolton Council | 6 | |
| Morley Borough Independents | Robert Finnigan | Leeds City Council | 6 | |
| Reform Derby | Derby City Council | 6 | ||
| Derwentside Independents | Watts Stelling | Durham County Council | 5 | |
| Local Alliance | Chichester City Council, West Sussex County Council | 5 | ||
| Oxted & Limpsfield Residents Group | Tandridge District | 5 | ||
| Poole People Party | Mark Howell | BCP | 5 | |
| Residents of Wilmslow | No Leader | Cheshire East Council | 5 | |
| Skegness Urban District Society | East Lindsey | 5 | ||
| St. Neots Independent Group | Cambridgeshire County Council, Huntingdonshire County Council | 5 | ||
| Alliance for Local Living | Felicity Rice | Dorset Council, BCP | 4 | |
| Henley Residents Group | No leader | South Oxfordshire, Oxfordshire | 4 | |
| Independent Network | City of Chelmsford, Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council | 4 | ||
| Llantwit First Independents | Vale of Glamorgan Council | 4 | ||
| Mansfield Independents | Martin Wright | Mansfield, Nottinghamshire | 4 | |
| Molesey Residents' Association | Stuart Selleck | Surrey County Council, Elmbridge Borough Council | 4 | |
| Nork Residents' Association | No leader | Reigate and Banstead, Surrey | 4 | |
| Our West Lancashire | Adrian Owens | West Lancashire Borough Council | 4 | |
| The Party Party | Durham County Council | 4 | ||
| Portsmouth Independent Party | Portsmouth City Council | 4 | ||
| Residents Associations of Epsom and Ewell | Keith Lugton | Epsom and Ewell, Surrey | 4 | |
| Runnymede Independent Residents' Group | Isabel Mullens | Runnymede | 4 | |
| Stoneliegh and Auriol Residents' Association | Epsom and Ewell Borough Council | 4 | ||
| Thames Ditton & Weston Green Residents' Association | Graham Cooke[25] | Elmbridge Borough Council | 4 | |
| Thornaby Independent Association | No Leader | Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council | 4 | |
| Uplands Party | Peter May | Swansea Council | 4 | |
| Chislehurst Matters | Bromley Borough Council | 3 | ||
| Edgeley Community Association | Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council | 3 | ||
| Esher Residents Association | No leader | Elmbridge Borough Council | 3 | |
| Failsworth Independent Party | Oldham Council | 3 | ||
| Guildford Greenbelt Group | Susan Parker | Guildford | 3[26] | |
| Garforth and Swillington Independents Party | Leeds City Council | 3 | ||
| Harold Wood Hill Park Residents Associations | Havering London Borough Council | 3 | ||
| Ingleby Barwick Independent Society | Kenneth Dixon | Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council | 3 | |
| Liverpool Community Independents | No leader | Liverpool City Council | 3 | |
| Malvern Hills Independents | Malvern Hills District | 3 | ||
| Morecambe Bay Independents | Roger Dennison | Lancaster | 3 | |
| Newcastle Independents | Jason Smith | Newcastle City Council | 3[27] | |
| Newport Independents Party | Kevin Whitehead | Newport, South Wales | 3 | |
| Nottingham Independents | Francesco Lari | Nottingham City Council, Gedling Borough Council, Nottinghamshire | 3 | |
| Portishead Independents | North Somerset Council | 3 | ||
| Progress and Reform Party | Tandridge District | 3 | ||
| Residents' Association of Cuddington | Epsom and Ewell Borough Council | 3 | ||
| Tattenhams & Preston Residents | No leader | Reigate and Banstead, Surrey | 3 | |
| Thanet Independents | Thanet District | 3 | ||
| Werrington First | Peterborough City Council | 3 | ||
| Whitnash Residents Association | Warwick District | 3 | ||
| Belper Independents | Amber Valley Borough Council | 2 | ||
| Brighton & Hove Independents | Brighton and Hove City Council | 2 | ||
| Community First | Rossendale Council | 2 | ||
| Ewell Court Residents' Association | Epsom and Ewell Borough Council | 2 | ||
| Farnworth and Kearsley First | Peter Flitcroft | Bolton Council | 2 | |
| Halstead Residents' Association | Braintree District | 2 | ||
| Hinchley Wood Residents Association | Saranne Bristow[28] | Elmbridge Borough Council | 2 | |
| Independent Alliance (Kent) | Tonbridge and Malling | 2 | ||
| Independents@Swansea | City and County of Swansea Council | 2 | ||
| It's Our County | Herefordshire Council | 2 | ||
| Kingston Independent Residents Group | Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council | 2 | ||
| Knowle Community Party | Gary Hopkins | Bristol City Council | 2[29][30][31] | |
| Merton Park Ward Residents Association | Peter Southgate | Merton London Borough Council | 2 | |
| Mexborough First | City of Doncaster Council | 2 | ||
| Middleton Independents Party | Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale | 2 | ||
| Old Windsor Residents' Association | Lynne Jones and Malcolm Beer | Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council | 2 | |
| People Against Bureaucracy | Malcolm Stennett | Cheltenham, Gloucestershire | 2 | |
| Poole Engage Party | Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council | 2 | ||
| Rushcliffe Independents | Rushcliffe Borough Council | 2 | ||
| Swanscombe and Greenhithe Residents' Association | Peter Martin Harman | Dartford Borough Council | 2 | |
| Tewkesbury and Twyning Independents | No Leader | Tewkesbury Borough Council | 2 | |
| The Walton Society | No leader | Elmbridge Borough Council | 2 | |
| Tytherington Ward Independents | Cheshire East Council | 2 | ||
| West Windsor Residents Association | Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council | 2 | ||
| Weybridge & St. George's Independents | no leader | Elmbridge Borough Council | 2 | |
| Alderley Edge First | Mike Dudley-Jones | Cheshire East | 1 | |
| Blue Revolution | Boston Borough Council | 1 | ||
| British Unionists | North Lanarkshire Council | 1 | ||
| City Independent | No Leader | Stoke-on-Trent City Council | 1[32] | |
| East Cleveland Independent | No leader | Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council | 1 | |
| Edlington and Warmsworth First | Doncaster Council | 1 | ||
| Independent Union | Shane Moore | Hartlepool | 1[33] | |
| Movement for Active Democracy | Portsmouth City Council | 1 | ||
| One Kearsley | Paul Heslop | Bolton Council | 1 | |
| Our Island | Isle of Wight Council | 1 | ||
| Rotherham Democratic Party | Allen Cowles | Rotherham | 1 | |
| Tendring First | Tendring District | 1 | ||
| The Best for Luton Party | Borough of Elmbridge | 1 | ||
| The Rubbish Party | Sally Cogley | East Ayrshire | 1 | |
| Thurrock Independents | Graham Snell | Thurrock | 1 | |
| Upminster and Cranham Residents' Association | Linda Hawthorn | Havering London Borough Council | 1[34] | |
| West Dunbartonshire Community Party | Drew MacEoghainn | West Dunbartonshire Council | 1[35] | |
| Wickford Independents | No leader | Basildon Borough Council | 1 | |
No elected representation at principal level edit
This is a table of notable minor parties. Many parties are registered with the Electoral Commission but do not qualify for this list as they have not received significant independent coverage. Parties active across Ireland may have representation in the Republic of Ireland but not Northern Ireland.
Defunct parties edit
Historical parties edit
- All-for-Ireland Party (1910–1918)
- Anti Common Market and Free Trade Party (1967–1988)
- British Democratic Party (1979–1982)
- British Fascisti (1920s–1930s)
- British Movement (1968–1983)
- British National Party (1960–1967)
- British People's Party (1940s)
- British Socialist Party (1911–1920)
- British Ulster Dominion Party
- British Union of Fascists (1930s)
- Campaign for Social Democracy (1973–1974)
- Committee to Defeat Revisionism, for Communist Unity (1963–c. 1972)
- Common Wealth Party (1942–1945)
- Communist Party of Great Britain (1920–1991)
- Communist Party of South Wales and the West of England
- Constitutional Movement (1979–1984)
- Crofters Party
- Fife Socialist League (1950s–1960s)
- Flag Group (1980s)
- Highland Land League (1909–1920s)
- Independent Labour Party (1893–1975)
- International Marxist Group (1968–1982)
[Organised the electoral coalition Socialist Unity] - Irish Independence Party
- Irish Parliamentary Party
- Irish Unionist Alliance
- Labour Party of Northern Ireland
- Labour Party of Scotland (1973)
- Liberal Unionist Party (1886–1912)
- National Democratic and Labour Party (1918–1923)
- National Democratic Party (1960s–1970s)
- National Independence Party (1970s)
- National Labour Party (1957–1960)
- National Liberal Party (1922–1923)
- National Liberal Party (1931–1968)
- National Party (1975–1977)
- National Party of Scotland (1928–1934)
- National Socialist Party (1916–1919)
- Nationalist Party (1918–1977) [Northern Irish party]
- New Party (1931–1932)
- Official National Front (1986–1989)
- Orkney and Shetland Movement
- Progressive Party (1920s–1970s) [Scottish party]
- Revolutionary Communist Party (1944–1950)
- Revolutionary Socialist Party (1912–1941)
- Revolutionary Workers' Party (1962–1990s)
- Scottish Labour Party (1888–1893)
- Scottish Labour Party (1976–1981)
- Scottish Militant Labour (1990s)
- Scottish Party (1932–1934)
- Scottish Prohibition Party (1901–1935)
- Scottish Socialist Alliance
- Scottish Socialist Federation
- Scottish Voice
- Scottish Workers' Representation Committee (1899–1909)
- Scottish Workers Republican Party
- Social Credit Party of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1931–1951, 1965–1978)
- Social Democratic Federation (1884–1911)
- Socialist Labour Party (1903–1980)
- Ulster Liberal Party (1928, 1956–1987)
- Ulster Labour Unionists
- Union Movement (1948–1973)
- Unionist Party (1912–1965)
- United Country Party (1970s)
- United Socialist Movement (1934–1965)
- Vectis National Party (1970s) [Isle of Wight regionalist party]
- Women's Party (1917–1919)
- Workers Party of Scotland
- Working People's Party of England (1968–1986)
See also edit
- Timeline of political parties in the United Kingdom
- List of political parties in the United Kingdom by representation
- List of political parties in the United Kingdom opposed to austerity
- List of British fascist parties
- Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom
- List of political parties by country
- Politics of the United Kingdom
- Political party affiliation in the United Kingdom
- Elections in the United Kingdom
- List of political parties in Northern Ireland
- List of political parties in Scotland
- List of political parties in Wales
- List of political parties in the Isle of Man (a British Crown dependency)
- List of political parties in Gibraltar (a British overseas territory)
- Index of UK party meta attributes
Notes edit
- ^ a b c d e f Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Including 27 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ The Speaker, Sir Lindsay Hoyle, is not included in this tally as the speaker stands in the election as "Speaker seeking re-election" and no longer has ties with their original party.
- ^ Including 16 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ Including 11 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ Including 16 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ All 11 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ Sinn Fein operate a policy of Abstentionism and do not take their Commons seats
- ^ Both of the Alba Party's MPs were elected for the Scottish National Party (SNP) before leaving to join Alba in 2021.
- ^ Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Party operates a policy of collective leadership, but Eamonn McCann is listed as the party's leader for the purposes of registration to the UK Electoral Commission.
- ^ The SDP-Liberal Alliance at dissolution was jointly led by Steel as the leader of the Liberal Party and Robert Maclennan as the leader of the SDP.
- ^ The SDP-Liberal Alliance at dissolution was jointly led by David Steel as the leader of the Liberal Party and Maclennan as the leader of the SDP.
References edit
- ^ "Party Finance – The Electoral Commission : Regulatory issues : Political parties : Registers: Register of political parties". Search.electoralcommission.org.uk. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Search – The Electoral Commission". electoralcommission.org.uk. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
- ^ "Whatever you think of Ukip or the Greens, our electoral system is robbing them". The Daily Telegraph. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ "Green party leader condemns first-past-the-post voting system". 9 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ "General Election 2015: Sixty per cent of people want voting reform, says survey". The Independent. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- ^ "Election 2015". Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ Perraudin, Frances (18 May 2015). "Green party and Ukip join forces to demand electoral overhaul". Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ John Marshall. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections emails". opencouncildata.co.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections emails". opencouncildata.co.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections emails". opencouncildata.co.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections emails". opencouncildata.co.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections emails". opencouncildata.co.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections emails". opencouncildata.co.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections emails". opencouncildata.co.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Your Councillors". Green Party Northern Ireland. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections". opencouncildata.co.uk.
- ^ "Your Councillors". democracy.durham.gov.uk. 7 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections emails". opencouncildata.co.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "View registration - the Electoral Commission".
- ^ "View registration - The Electoral Commission". search.electoralcommission.org.uk. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ Residents for Guildford and Villages Electoral Commission
- ^ "Election results by party, 5 May 2023". Guildford Borough Council. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ http://www.whitehillbordon.org.uk/
- ^ "View registration - the Electoral Commission".
- ^ "Election results by party, 5 May 2023". Guildford Borough Council. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Find Councillor". www.newcastle.gov.uk. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "View registration - the Electoral Commission".
- ^ Booth, Martin (13 December 2021). "Longstanding Lib Dem Councillors' resignations throw party into turmoil". Bristol24-7. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ Cork, Tristan (13 December 2021). "Bristol has a new political party after two councillors quit theirs to start one up". Bristol Post. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ Ross, Alex (13 December 2021). "Two city councillors quit the Lib Dems to set up new party". Bristol World. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ "Councillors by Party: City Independents". stoke.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ https://www.hartlepool.gov.uk/councillors/specificParty/13/hartlepool_independent_union
- ^ Tyler, Marcus. "Benefit information for landlords". www.havering.gov.uk. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ "West Dunbartonshire Community Party". www.west-dunbarton.gov.uk. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ Collins, Matthew (8 February 2013). "Neo-Nazi former BNP members launch new far-right party". New Statesman. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
- ^ "Zionism is a racist and antisemitic tool of imperialist policy in the middle east". The Communists. 24 November 2018.
- ^ "Why British workers need a Brexit". CPGB-ML. 1 April 2016.
- ^ Lynch, Whitaker & Loomes 2012, p. 733; Tournier-Sol 2015, pp. 141–42.
- ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). . Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 9 March 2019.
- ^ Abedi & Lundberg 2009, p. 72; Jones 2011, p. 245; Dolezal 2012, p. 142; Liebert 2012, p. 123; Art 2011, p. 188; Driver 2011, p. 149.
- ^ O'Reilly, Gerry (2019). Aligning Geopolitics, Humanitarian Action and Geography in Times of Conflict. Springer. p. 47.
- ^ "Key Points About a Snap Election in Britain". New York Times. 18 April 2018. from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ Schindler, Jörg (16 May 2019). "We Want Fundamental Political Change". Spiegel. from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ^ Vlastimil Havlík; Vít Hloušek; Petr Kaniok (2017). Europeanised Defiance – Czech Euroscepticism since 2004. Verlag Barbara Budrich. p. 108. ISBN 978-3-8474-1085-0.
- ^ Walker, Peter; Halliday, Josh (3 March 2019). "Revealed: Ukip membership surge shifts party to far right". The Guardian. from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ Goodwin, Matthew (3 February 2019). "Angry Brexiteers are splitting into factions as Ukip is taken over by far-right extremists". The Times. from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ "View registration - the Electoral Commission".
Sources edit
- Abedi, Amir; Lundberg, Thomas Carl (2009). "Doomed to Failure? UKIP and the Organisational Challenges Facing Right-Wing Populist Anti-Political Establishment Parties" (PDF). Parliamentary Affairs. 62 (1): 72–87. doi:10.1093/pa/gsn036.
- Art, David (2011). Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49883-8.
- Driver, Stephen (2011). Understanding British Party Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-7456-4078-5.
- Dolezal, Martin (2012). "Restructuring the European Political Space: The Supply Side of European Electoral Politics". In Kriesi, Hanspeter; Grande, Edgar; Dolezal, Martin; Helbling, Marc; Höglinger, Dominic; Hutter, Swen; Wüest, Bruno (eds.). Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 127–150. ISBN 978-1-107-02438-0.
- Jones, Owen (2011). Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class. London: Verso. ISBN 978-1-84467-804-4.
- Liebert, Ulrike (2012). "Civil Society, Public Sphere and Democracy in the EU". In Eriksen, Erik Oddvar; Fossum, John Erik (eds.). Rethinking Democracy and the European Union. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 112–42. ISBN 978-1-136-49090-3.
- Lynch, Philip; Whitaker, Richard; Loomes, Gemma (2012). "The UK Independence Party: Understanding a Niche Party's Strategy, Candidates and Supporters". Parliamentary Affairs. 65 (4): 733–757. doi:10.1093/pa/gsr042. hdl:2381/28316.
- Tournier-Sol, Karine (2015). "Reworking the Eurosceptic and Conservative Traditions into a Populist Narrative: UKIP's Winning Formula?". Journal of Common Market Studies. 53 (1): 140–156. doi:10.1111/jcms.12208. S2CID 142738345.
External links edit
- . Archived from the original on 9 March 2006.
- . Archived from the original on 25 September 2006.
- Electoral Commission: Database of Registers, includes Register of Political Parties
- Links to UK political websites from the BBC
- NSD: European Election Database – UK descriptions of main parties