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Christian nationalism

January 07, 2023

Christian nationalism is Christianity-affiliated religious nationalism.[1] Christian nationalists primarily focus on internal politics, such as passing laws that reflect their view of Christianity and its role in political and social life. In countries with a state Church, Christian nationalists, in seeking to preserve the status of a Christian state, uphold an antidisestablishmentarian position.[2][3][4]

Christian nationalists support the presence of Christian symbols and statuary in the public square, as well as state patronage for the display of religion, such as school prayer and the exhibition of nativity scenes during Christmastide or the Christian Cross on Good Friday.[5][6]

Christian nationalists draw support from the broader Christian right.[7]

By country

Belgium

The Rexist Party in Belgium led by Léon Degrelle, a Belgian Catholic and SS-Standartenführer.

Canada

The COVID-19 pandemic saw a rise in Christian nationalist activity with many groups using anti-lockdown sentiments to expand their reach to more people.[8] The group Liberty Coalition Canada has garnered support from many elected politicians across Canada.[9] In their founding documents they argue that "it is only in Christianized nations that religious freedom has ever flourished."[10] This group has garnered support from various groups, including supporters of far-right hate groups. Their rallies have attracted supporters of Alex Jones and Canada First, a spin-off of Nick Fuentes' group America First.[11] Many of Liberty Coalition Canada's leaders are pastors that have racked up millions in potential fines for violating COVID protocols and some of them express ultra-conservative views.[12]

Croatia

The Ustaše movement led by Poglavnik and Prime Minister Ante Pavelić in the Independent State of Croatia[13] and its support from the Croatian Catholic Church.

Finland

The Lapua Movement and the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) in Finland led by the Lutherans (körtti) Vihtori Kosola and Vilho Annala respectively. Pastor Elias Simojoki led the IKL's youth organization the Blue-and-Blacks.[14] According to docent André Swanström, Finnish Waffen SS recruits were motivated by Christian nationalism, and overwhelming amount of them devoutly adhered to the Finnish awakening movement, Laestadianism and traditional Lutheranism. Consequently, most of the SS recruits were members of the IKL.[15] Current Blue-and-Black Movement and Power Belongs to the People are far-right Christian nationalist parties active in Finland. The latter is connected to Russian neo-Nazi and Christian fundamentalist Russian Imperial Movement.[16][17][18][19][20]

Russia

President of Russia Vladimir Putin has been described as a global leader of the Christian nationalist and Christian right movements.[21][22] As President, Putin has increased the power of the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed his staunch belief in Eastern Orthodoxy,[23] as well as maintaining close contacts with Patriarchs of Moscow and all Rus' Alexy II and Kirill.

The Russian Imperial Movement is a prominent neo-Nazi Christian nationalist group that trains militants all over Europe and has recruited thousands of fighters for its paramilitary group, the Imperial Legion, which is participating in the war on Ukraine. The group also works with the Atomwaffen Division in order to network with and recruit extremists from the United States.[24][25]

Scotland

In Scotland UK, the Scottish Family Party has been described as Christian nationalist. The party was formed as a push back movement, based on a rejection of LGBT+ topics being taught in schools, with the political party claiming it to be an overly sexualized topic and ideology. They believe it to be an attack on traditional Christian family values, promoted by the current Scottish government.[citation needed]

United States

Further information: Accommodationism, Christian right, and Trumpism § Christian Trumpism
See also: Democratic backsliding in the United States § Religious and white nationalism
 
A monument of the Ten Commandments at the Texas State Capitol

The Christian Liberty Party is a political party that sees the United States as a Christian country.[26]

Christian nationalists believe that the US is meant to be a Christian nation and want to "take back" the US for God.[27][28] Experts say that Christian-associated support for right-wing politicians and social policies, such as legislation which is related to immigration, gun control and poverty is best understood as Christian nationalism, rather than evangelicalism per se.[27][29] Some studies of white evangelicals show that, among people who self-identify as evangelical Christians, the more they attend church, the more they pray, and the more they read the Bible, the less support they have for nationalist (though not socially conservative) policies.[29] Non-nationalistic evangelicals ideologically agree with Christian nationalists in areas such as patriarchal policies, gender roles, and sexuality.[29]

A study which was conducted in May 2022 showed that the strongest base of support for Christian nationalism comes from Republicans who identify as Evangelical or born again Christians.[30][31] Of this demographic group, 78% are in favor of formally declaring the United States a Christian nation, versus only 48% of Republicans overall. Age is also a factor, with over 70% of Republicans from the Baby Boomer and Silent Generations in support of the United States officially becoming a Christian nation. According to Politico, the polling also found that sentiments of white grievance are highly correlated with Christian nationalism: "White respondents who say that members of their race have faced more discrimination than others are most likely to embrace a Christian America. Roughly 59% of all Americans who say white people have been discriminated against ... favor declaring the U.S. a Christian nation, compared to 38% of all Americans."[30][32]

Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene has referred to herself as a Christian nationalist. Fellow congresswomen Lauren Boebert and Mary Miller have also expressed support for Christian nationalism.[33][34] Kris Kobach has described himself as a Christian nationalist. White nationalist Nick Fuentes has expressed support for Christian nationalism.[35] Florida governor Ron DeSantis has repeatedly invoked Christian nationalist talking points and rhetoric during speeches.[36][30] According to the Tampa Bay Times, DeSantis has also promoted a civics course for educators, which emphasized that "the nation's founders did not desire a strict separation of state and church"; the teacher training program also "pushed a judicial theory, favored by legal conservatives like DeSantis, that requires people to interpret the Constitution as the framers intended it, not as a living, evolving document".[37][38][39][31] Politician Doug Mastriano is a prominent figure in the fundamentalist Christian nationalist movement, and has called the separation of church and state a myth.[40][41] Andrew Torba, CEO of alt-tech platform Gab, supported Mastriano's failed 2022 bid for office,[42] in order to build a grass-roots Christian nationalist political movement to help "take back" government power for "the glory of God"; he has argued that "unapologetic Christian Nationalism is what will save the United States of America".[43][44] Torba is also a proponent of the great replacement conspiracy theory, and has said that "The best way to stop White genocide and White replacement, both of which are demonstrably and undeniably happening, is to get married to a White woman and have a lot of White babies".[43]

In the wake of the January 6 attack on the Capitol, the term "Christian nationalism" has become synonymous with white Christian identity politics, a belief system that asserts itself as an integral part of American identity overall.[43][45] The New York Times notes that historically, "Christian nationalism in America has ... encompassed extremist ideologies".[43][46] Critics have argued that Christian nationalism promotes racist tendencies, male violence, anti-democratic sentiment, and revisionist history.[47][48] Christian nationalism in the United States is also linked to political opposition to gun control laws and strong cultural support for the Second Amendment which protects the right to keep and bear arms.[49] Some Christian nationalists also engage in spiritual warfare and militarized forms of prayer to defend and advance their beliefs and political agenda.[50]

Political analyst Jared Yates Sexton has said: "Republicans recognize that QAnon and Christian nationalism are invaluable tools" and that these belief systems "legitimize antidemocratic actions, political violence, and widespread oppression", which he calls an "incredible threat" that extends beyond Trumpism.[51]

Criticisms of significance

Responding to media analysis about the effects of Christian Trumpism and Christian nationalism following the 2020 presidential election, Professor Daniel Strand, writing for The American Conservative, said that there was a "superficially Christian presence at the January 6 protest" and he criticized claims that Christian nationalism played a central role in the attack on the Capitol. He cited a University of Chicago study which found that "those arrested on January 6 were motivated by the belief that the election was stolen and [influenced by] what they call 'the great replacement' " theory. Strand says the study failed to mention "any explicit religious motivation, let alone theological beliefs about America being a Christian nation".[52][53]

Yugoslavia

The fascist Yugoslav National Movement (1935–45) has been described as a Christian nationalist movement.[54][55]

See also

References

  1. ^ Perry, Samuel L.; Whitehead, Andrew L.; Grubbs, Joshua B. (Winter 2021). Baker, Joseph O. (ed.). "Save the Economy, Liberty, and Yourself: Christian Nationalism and Americans' Views on Government COVID-19 Restrictions". Sociology of Religion. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association for the Sociology of Religion. 82 (4): 426–446. doi:10.1093/socrel/sraa047. ISSN 1759-8818. S2CID 231699494.
  2. ^ Bloomberg, Charles (1989). Christian Nationalism and the Rise of the Afrikaner Broederbond in South Africa, 1918-48. New York: Springer. p. xxiii-11. ISBN 978-1-349-10694-3.
  3. ^ Jenkins, Jack (2 August 2019). "Christian leaders condemn Christian nationalism in new letter". Religion News Service. Retrieved 14 March 2020. Christian nationalism demands Christianity be privileged by the State...
  4. ^ Kymlicka, Will (19 April 2018). "Is there a Christian Pluralist Approach to Immigration?". Comment Magazine. Retrieved 14 March 2020. As against both Christian nationalists who wanted an established church and French-republican-style secular nationalists who wanted a homogenous public square devoid of religion, Dutch pluralists led by Kuyper defended a model of institutional pluralism or "sphere sovereignty."
  5. ^ Perry, Samuel L.; Whitehead, Andrew L. (2020). Taking America Back for God: Christian Nationalism in the United States. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 7–10. ISBN 978-0-19-005789-3.
  6. ^ Bean, Lydia (2016). The Politics of Evangelical Identity: Local Churches and Partisan Divides in the United States and Canada. Princeton, New Jersey and Woodstock, Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-691-17370-2.
  7. ^ Greenberg, Udi (22 October 2019). "Can Christian Democracy Save Us?". Boston Review. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  8. ^ "COVID-19 conspiracy theories are spreading online like a virus. An inside look at a dangerous misinformation movement that's spilling into the real world". thestar.com. 22 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  9. ^ "End the Lockdowns Caucus | Liberty Coalition Canada". Liberty Coalition. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  10. ^ "FAQ". Niagara Declaration. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  11. ^ "Canada First Exposed: Months Inside One of Canada's Biggest, Youngest, and Newest White Supremacist Chatrooms". Canadian Anti-Hate Network. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  12. ^ "Excommunicated Politicians Partner With Christian Nationalists In COVID Conspiracy Movement". Canadian Anti-Hate Network. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  13. ^ Biondich, Mark (2007a). "Controversies Surrounding the Catholic Church in Wartime Croatia, 1941–45". The Independent State of Croatia 1941–45. Routledge. pp. 31–59. ISBN 9780415440554.
  14. ^ Upton, A. F. "Finland" in Woolf, S. J. (1981) Fascism in Europe London: Routledge ISBN 9781138938465
  15. ^ André Swanström: Hakaristin ritarit – Suomalaiset SS-miehet, politiikka, uskonto ja sotarikokset, p. 25, 26, 100, 105, 106. Atena, Jyväskylä 2018.
  16. ^ "Ano Turtiaisen johtama puolue ottamassa jalansijaa Keskipohjanmaan vaikutusalueellakin, uusin paikallisyhdistys perusteilla Ylivieskaan – Juha Kärkkäinen teki puolueen kannatusilmoituksen: "Olen toistaiseksi edelleen kepun jäsen"". Keskipohjanmaa. January 16, 2022.
  17. ^ ""Tältä fasismi näyttää, kun sen kirjoittaa paperille" – tutkija Oula Silvennoinen epäilee Sinimustien puoluehankkeen karahtavan oikeusministeriöön". www.kirkkojakaupunki.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  18. ^ "Suomen uusnatsit hankkivat nyt oppia Venäjältä: järjestön koulutuskeskus järjestää haulikko- ja pistooliammuntaa, "partisaanikursseja" ja kieltää kiroilun". Helsingin Sanomat. January 12, 2022.
  19. ^ "Uskontopolitiikka – Sinimusta Liike". sinimustaliike.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  20. ^ "Valta kuuluu kansalle".
  21. ^ Stanley, Jason (26 February 2022). "The antisemitism animating Putin's claim to 'denazify' Ukraine". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  22. ^ Michel, Casey (9 February 2017). "How Russia Became the Leader of the Global Christian Right". Politico. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  23. ^ Paterson, Tom (9 November 2021). "Why Putin Goes to Church". The Cambridge Language Collective. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  24. ^ "Russian Imperial Movement (RIM)". Counter Extremism Project. 6 October 2022.
  25. ^ "Mapping Militant Organizations: Russian Imperial Movement". Center for International Security and Cooperation. Stanford University. February 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ McKeen, Leah A D, "Canadian Christian Nationalism?: The Religiosity and Politics of the Christian Heritage Party of Canada" (2015). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1740.
  27. ^ a b Bailey, Sarah Pulliam (26 October 2020). "Seeking power in Jesus' name: Trump sparks a rise of Patriot Churches". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  28. ^ Plett Usher, Barbara (December 17, 2022). "Christian nationalists - wanting to put God into US government". BBC. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  29. ^ a b c Sutton, Matthew Avery (16 July 2020). "The Truth About Trump's Evangelical Support". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  30. ^ a b c Rouse, Stella; Telhami, Shibley (September 21, 2022). "Most Republicans Support Declaring the United States a Christian Nation". Politico. from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  31. ^ a b Nichols, John (September 23, 2022). "Republicans Are Ready to Declare the United States a Christian Nation". The Nation. from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  32. ^ Smietana, Bob (September 23, 2022). "78% of Republican evangelicals want U.S. declared a Christian nation". The Salt Lake Tribune. from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  33. ^ Tyler, Amanda (27 July 2022). "Opinion: Marjorie Taylor Greene's words on Christian nationalism are a wake-up call". CNN. Retrieved 29 July 2022. We need to be the party of nationalism and I’m a Christian, and I say it proudly, we should be Christian nationalists," Greene said in an interview while attending the Turning Point USA Student Action Summit in Florida on Saturday. She is not alone in doing so. Greene's embrace of Christian nationalism follows closely after troubling remarks from Colorado Republican Rep. Lauren Boebert: "The church is supposed to direct the government, the government is not supposed to direct the church," she said at a church two days before her primary election (and victory) in late June. "I'm tired of this separation of church and state junk.
  34. ^ @Miller_Congress (10 July 2022). "The "far-left atheist quest for power" has created a mental health crisis, a drug addiction crisis, a crime wave an…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  35. ^ "They Love Jesus, Bon Iver, and Incels. Inside America's New Ultranationalist Youth Movement". Vice.com. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  36. ^ Ceballos, Ana (September 13, 2022). . Miami Herald. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  37. ^ Ceballos, Ana; Brugal, Summer (June 28, 2022). "Some teachers alarmed by Florida civics training approach on religion, slavery". Tampa Bay Times. from the original on October 6, 2022. A review of more than 200 pages of the state's presentations show that the founding fathers' intent and the 'misconceptions' about their thinking were a main theme of the training ... Several presentation slides emphasized that it was a 'misconception' that the 'Founders desired strict separation of church and state and the Founders only wanted to protect Freedom of worship.'
  38. ^ Rozsa, Lori (July 2, 2022). . Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  39. ^ "Florida training program: "Misconception" that founders wanted separation of church and state". Axios. 2022-07-02. Retrieved 2022-10-04.
  40. ^ Dias, Elizabeth (July 8, 2022). "The Far-Right Christian Quest for Power: 'We Are Seeing Them Emboldened'". The New York Times. Mr. Mastriano's ascension in Pennsylvania is perhaps the most prominent example of right-wing candidates for public office who explicitly aim to promote Christian power in America. The religious right has long supported conservative causes, but this current wave seeks more: a nation that actively prioritizes their particular set of Christian beliefs and far-right views ...
  41. ^ Smith, Peter; Bharath, Deepa (May 29, 2022). "Christian nationalism on the rise in some GOP campaigns". Associated Press.
  42. ^ Trip, Gabriel (July 27, 2022). "Doug Mastriano Faces Criticism Over His Backing From Antisemitic Ally". The New York Times. from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  43. ^ a b c d Dias, Elizabeth (July 8, 2022). "The Far-Right Christian Quest for Power: 'We Are Seeing Them Emboldened'". The New York Times. from the original on November 22, 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  44. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (November 22, 2022). "A Lasting Legacy of Covid: Far-Right Platforms Spreading Health Myths". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  45. ^ Dalsheim, Joyce; Starrett, Gregory (September 6, 2022). "Christian nationalism is getting written out of the story of January 6". The Conversation. from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  46. ^ Perry, Samuel (August 5, 2022). "After Trump, Christian nationalist ideas are going mainstream – despite a history of violence". The Conversation. from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  47. ^ Jones, Sarah (2022-06-04). "White Christian Nationalism 'Is a Fundamental Threat to Democracy'". Intelligencer. Retrieved 2022-08-22. Combining research with data analysis, Gorski and Perry argue that white Christian nationalists share a set of common anti-democratic beliefs and principles. 'These are beliefs that ... reflect a desire to restore and privilege the myths, values, identity, and authority of a particular ethnocultural tribe,' they write. 'These beliefs add up to a political vision that privileges the tribe. And they seek to put other tribes in their proper place'.
  48. ^ Blake, John (24 July 2022). "An 'imposter Christianity' is threatening American democracy". CNN. Retrieved 2022-08-22. That ends-justify-the means approach is a key part of White Christian nationalism, says Du Mez. It's why so many rallied behind former President Trump on January 6 ... But with few exceptions, White Christian nationalists do not accept this 'militant masculinity' when exhibited by Black, Middle Eastern and Latino men ... Aggression by people of color 'is seen as a threat to the stability of home and nation,' she writes.
  49. ^ Perry, Samuel L. (May 25, 2022). "School Shootings Confirm That Guns Are the Religion of the Right". Time. from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  50. ^ McAlister, Elizabeth (2016-01-02). "The militarization of prayer in America: White and Native American spiritual warfare". Journal of Religious and Political Practice. 2 (1): 114–130. doi:10.1080/20566093.2016.1085239. ISSN 2056-6093. S2CID 155833194.
  51. ^ Conley, Julia (September 21, 2022). "Majority of Republican Voters Say US Should Be Declared a 'Christian Nation'". Common Dreams. from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  52. ^ Strand, Daniel (August 24, 2022). "'Christian Nationalism' Didn't Cause January 6". The American Conservative. from the original on October 6, 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  53. ^ Pape, Dr. Robert A.; Ruby, Dr. Kevin (July 22, 2022). "Understanding the Insurrectionist Movement: January 6 and Beyond". Chicago Project on Security & Threats at the University of Chicago. from the original on October 6, 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  54. ^ Rebecca Haynes; Martyn Rady (30 November 2013). In the Shadow of Hitler: Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe. I. B. Tauris. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-78076-808-3.
  55. ^ Jovan Byford (2008). Denial and Repression of Antisemitism: Post-communist Remembrance of the Serbian Bishop Nikolaj Velimirović. Central European University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-963-9776-15-9.

Further reading

  • Andrew Whitehead and Samuel Perry (2020). Taking America Back for God: Christian Nationalism in the United States. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0190057886.
  • Stephen Backhouse (7 July 2011). Kierkegaard's Critique of Christian Nationalism. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-960472-2.
  • Marci McDonald (11 May 2010). The Armageddon Factor: The Rise of Christian Nationalism in Canada. Random House of Canada. ISBN 978-0-307-36788-4.
  • O'Donnell, Jonathon (September 2020). Stausberg, Michael; Engler, Steven (eds.). "The deliverance of the administrative state: Deep state conspiracism, charismatic demonology, and the post-truth politics of American Christian nationalism". Religion. Taylor & Francis. 50 (4): 696–719. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2020.1810817. ISSN 1096-1151. S2CID 222094116.
  • Adele Oltman (1 January 2012). Sacred Mission, Worldly Ambition: Black Christian Nationalism in the Age of Jim Crow. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-4126-2.
  • Charles Bloomberg (1989). Christian Nationalism and the Rise of the Afrikaner Broederbond in South Africa, 1918-48. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-1-349-10694-3.
  • Matthew McCullough (20 August 2014). The Cross of War: Christian Nationalism and U.S. Expansion in the Spanish–American War. University of Wisconsin Pres. ISBN 978-0-299-30034-0.
  • Shortle, Allyson F.; McDaniel, Eric L.; Nooruddin, Irfan. 2022.The Everyday Crusade: Christian Nationalism in American Politics. Cambridge University Press
  • Michelle Goldberg (2007). Kingdom Coming: The Rise of Christian Nationalism. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32976-6.
  • Paul A. Hanebrink (2006). In Defense of Christian Hungary: Religion, Nationalism, and Antisemitism, 1890–1944. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4485-2.
  • Walid Phares (January 1995). Lebanese Christian Nationalism: The Rise and Fall of an Ethnic Resistance. L. Rienner. ISBN 978-1-55587-535-0.
  • Feldman, Matthew; Turda, Marius; Georgescu, Tudor, eds. (2008). Clerical Fascism in Interwar Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9781317968993.
  • Novak, Viktor (2011). Magnum Crimen: Half a Century of Clericalism in Croatia. Vol. 1. Jagodina: Gambit. ISBN 9788676240494.
  • Novak, Viktor (2011). Magnum Crimen: Half a Century of Clericalism in Croatia. Vol. 2. Jagodina: Gambit. ISBN 9788676240494.

External links

Minnesota lawmakers' 'Secular Government Caucus' will combat Christian nationalism

January 07, 2023
christian, nationalism, christianity, affiliated, religious, nationalism, christian, nationalists, primarily, focus, internal, politics, such, passing, laws, that, reflect, their, view, christianity, role, political, social, life, countries, with, state, churc. Christian nationalism is Christianity affiliated religious nationalism 1 Christian nationalists primarily focus on internal politics such as passing laws that reflect their view of Christianity and its role in political and social life In countries with a state Church Christian nationalists in seeking to preserve the status of a Christian state uphold an antidisestablishmentarian position 2 3 4 Christian nationalists support the presence of Christian symbols and statuary in the public square as well as state patronage for the display of religion such as school prayer and the exhibition of nativity scenes during Christmastide or the Christian Cross on Good Friday 5 6 Christian nationalists draw support from the broader Christian right 7 Contents 1 By country 1 1 Belgium 1 2 Canada 1 3 Croatia 1 4 Finland 1 5 Russia 1 6 Scotland 1 7 United States 1 7 1 Criticisms of significance 1 8 Yugoslavia 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBy country EditBelgium Edit The Rexist Party in Belgium led by Leon Degrelle a Belgian Catholic and SS Standartenfuhrer Canada Edit The COVID 19 pandemic saw a rise in Christian nationalist activity with many groups using anti lockdown sentiments to expand their reach to more people 8 The group Liberty Coalition Canada has garnered support from many elected politicians across Canada 9 In their founding documents they argue that it is only in Christianized nations that religious freedom has ever flourished 10 This group has garnered support from various groups including supporters of far right hate groups Their rallies have attracted supporters of Alex Jones and Canada First a spin off of Nick Fuentes group America First 11 Many of Liberty Coalition Canada s leaders are pastors that have racked up millions in potential fines for violating COVID protocols and some of them express ultra conservative views 12 Croatia Edit The Ustase movement led by Poglavnik and Prime Minister Ante Pavelic in the Independent State of Croatia 13 and its support from the Croatian Catholic Church Finland Edit The Lapua Movement and the Patriotic People s Movement IKL in Finland led by the Lutherans kortti Vihtori Kosola and Vilho Annala respectively Pastor Elias Simojoki led the IKL s youth organization the Blue and Blacks 14 According to docent Andre Swanstrom Finnish Waffen SS recruits were motivated by Christian nationalism and overwhelming amount of them devoutly adhered to the Finnish awakening movement Laestadianism and traditional Lutheranism Consequently most of the SS recruits were members of the IKL 15 Current Blue and Black Movement and Power Belongs to the People are far right Christian nationalist parties active in Finland The latter is connected to Russian neo Nazi and Christian fundamentalist Russian Imperial Movement 16 17 18 19 20 Russia Edit President of Russia Vladimir Putin has been described as a global leader of the Christian nationalist and Christian right movements 21 22 As President Putin has increased the power of the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed his staunch belief in Eastern Orthodoxy 23 as well as maintaining close contacts with Patriarchs of Moscow and all Rus Alexy II and Kirill The Russian Imperial Movement is a prominent neo Nazi Christian nationalist group that trains militants all over Europe and has recruited thousands of fighters for its paramilitary group the Imperial Legion which is participating in the war on Ukraine The group also works with the Atomwaffen Division in order to network with and recruit extremists from the United States 24 25 Scotland Edit In Scotland UK the Scottish Family Party has been described as Christian nationalist The party was formed as a push back movement based on a rejection of LGBT topics being taught in schools with the political party claiming it to be an overly sexualized topic and ideology They believe it to be an attack on traditional Christian family values promoted by the current Scottish government citation needed United States Edit Further information Accommodationism Christian right and Trumpism Christian Trumpism See also Democratic backsliding in the United States Religious and white nationalism A monument of the Ten Commandments at the Texas State Capitol The Christian Liberty Party is a political party that sees the United States as a Christian country 26 Christian nationalists believe that the US is meant to be a Christian nation and want to take back the US for God 27 28 Experts say that Christian associated support for right wing politicians and social policies such as legislation which is related to immigration gun control and poverty is best understood as Christian nationalism rather than evangelicalism per se 27 29 Some studies of white evangelicals show that among people who self identify as evangelical Christians the more they attend church the more they pray and the more they read the Bible the less support they have for nationalist though not socially conservative policies 29 Non nationalistic evangelicals ideologically agree with Christian nationalists in areas such as patriarchal policies gender roles and sexuality 29 A study which was conducted in May 2022 showed that the strongest base of support for Christian nationalism comes from Republicans who identify as Evangelical or born again Christians 30 31 Of this demographic group 78 are in favor of formally declaring the United States a Christian nation versus only 48 of Republicans overall Age is also a factor with over 70 of Republicans from the Baby Boomer and Silent Generations in support of the United States officially becoming a Christian nation According to Politico the polling also found that sentiments of white grievance are highly correlated with Christian nationalism White respondents who say that members of their race have faced more discrimination than others are most likely to embrace a Christian America Roughly 59 of all Americans who say white people have been discriminated against favor declaring the U S a Christian nation compared to 38 of all Americans 30 32 Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene has referred to herself as a Christian nationalist Fellow congresswomen Lauren Boebert and Mary Miller have also expressed support for Christian nationalism 33 34 Kris Kobach has described himself as a Christian nationalist White nationalist Nick Fuentes has expressed support for Christian nationalism 35 Florida governor Ron DeSantis has repeatedly invoked Christian nationalist talking points and rhetoric during speeches 36 30 According to the Tampa Bay Times DeSantis has also promoted a civics course for educators which emphasized that the nation s founders did not desire a strict separation of state and church the teacher training program also pushed a judicial theory favored by legal conservatives like DeSantis that requires people to interpret the Constitution as the framers intended it not as a living evolving document 37 38 39 31 Politician Doug Mastriano is a prominent figure in the fundamentalist Christian nationalist movement and has called the separation of church and state a myth 40 41 Andrew Torba CEO of alt tech platform Gab supported Mastriano s failed 2022 bid for office 42 in order to build a grass roots Christian nationalist political movement to help take back government power for the glory of God he has argued that unapologetic Christian Nationalism is what will save the United States of America 43 44 Torba is also a proponent of the great replacement conspiracy theory and has said that The best way to stop White genocide and White replacement both of which are demonstrably and undeniably happening is to get married to a White woman and have a lot of White babies 43 In the wake of the January 6 attack on the Capitol the term Christian nationalism has become synonymous with white Christian identity politics a belief system that asserts itself as an integral part of American identity overall 43 45 The New York Times notes that historically Christian nationalism in America has encompassed extremist ideologies 43 46 Critics have argued that Christian nationalism promotes racist tendencies male violence anti democratic sentiment and revisionist history 47 48 Christian nationalism in the United States is also linked to political opposition to gun control laws and strong cultural support for the Second Amendment which protects the right to keep and bear arms 49 Some Christian nationalists also engage in spiritual warfare and militarized forms of prayer to defend and advance their beliefs and political agenda 50 Political analyst Jared Yates Sexton has said Republicans recognize that QAnon and Christian nationalism are invaluable tools and that these belief systems legitimize antidemocratic actions political violence and widespread oppression which he calls an incredible threat that extends beyond Trumpism 51 Criticisms of significance Edit Responding to media analysis about the effects of Christian Trumpism and Christian nationalism following the 2020 presidential election Professor Daniel Strand writing for The American Conservative said that there was a superficially Christian presence at the January 6 protest and he criticized claims that Christian nationalism played a central role in the attack on the Capitol He cited a University of Chicago study which found that those arrested on January 6 were motivated by the belief that the election was stolen and influenced by what they call the great replacement theory Strand says the study failed to mention any explicit religious motivation let alone theological beliefs about America being a Christian nation 52 53 Yugoslavia Edit The fascist Yugoslav National Movement 1935 45 has been described as a Christian nationalist movement 54 55 See also Edit Christianity portal Conservatism portalAlt right Antisemitism in Christianity Christian Defense League Christian democracy Christian fascism Christian Front United States Christian fundamentalism Christian Identity Christian Nationalist Crusade Christian reconstructionism Christian right Christian state Christian terrorism Christian theology Clerical fascism Dominion theology Evangelical deconstruction Exvangelical Hindutva Kinism Muscular Christianity National church Pan Islamism Racial views of Donald Trump Religious terrorism Right wing terrorism Role of Christianity in civilization Seven Mountain Mandate Theocracy Theonomy The Trump ProphecyReferences Edit Perry Samuel L Whitehead Andrew L Grubbs Joshua B Winter 2021 Baker Joseph O ed Save the Economy Liberty and Yourself Christian Nationalism and Americans Views on Government COVID 19 Restrictions Sociology of Religion Oxford and New York Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association for the Sociology of Religion 82 4 426 446 doi 10 1093 socrel sraa047 ISSN 1759 8818 S2CID 231699494 Bloomberg Charles 1989 Christian Nationalism and the Rise of the Afrikaner Broederbond in South Africa 1918 48 New York Springer p xxiii 11 ISBN 978 1 349 10694 3 Jenkins Jack 2 August 2019 Christian leaders condemn Christian nationalism in new letter Religion News Service Retrieved 14 March 2020 Christian nationalism demands Christianity be privileged by the State Kymlicka Will 19 April 2018 Is there a Christian Pluralist Approach to Immigration Comment Magazine Retrieved 14 March 2020 As against both Christian nationalists who wanted an established church and French republican style secular nationalists who wanted a homogenous public square devoid of religion Dutch pluralists led by Kuyper defended a model of institutional pluralism or sphere sovereignty Perry Samuel L Whitehead Andrew L 2020 Taking America Back for God Christian Nationalism in the United States Oxford and New York Oxford University Press pp 7 10 ISBN 978 0 19 005789 3 Bean Lydia 2016 The Politics of Evangelical Identity Local Churches and Partisan Divides in the United States and Canada Princeton New Jersey and Woodstock Oxfordshire Princeton University Press p 152 ISBN 978 0 691 17370 2 Greenberg Udi 22 October 2019 Can Christian Democracy Save Us Boston Review Retrieved 5 August 2020 COVID 19 conspiracy theories are spreading online like a virus An inside look at a dangerous misinformation movement that s spilling into the real world thestar com 22 July 2021 Retrieved 23 July 2021 End the Lockdowns Caucus Liberty Coalition Canada Liberty Coalition Retrieved 12 November 2021 FAQ Niagara Declaration Retrieved 23 July 2021 Canada First Exposed Months Inside One of Canada s Biggest Youngest and Newest White Supremacist Chatrooms Canadian Anti Hate Network Retrieved 23 July 2021 Excommunicated Politicians Partner With Christian Nationalists In COVID Conspiracy Movement Canadian Anti Hate Network Retrieved 23 July 2021 Biondich Mark 2007a Controversies Surrounding the Catholic Church in Wartime Croatia 1941 45 The Independent State of Croatia 1941 45 Routledge pp 31 59 ISBN 9780415440554 Upton A F Finland in Woolf S J 1981 Fascism in Europe London Routledge ISBN 9781138938465 Andre Swanstrom Hakaristin ritarit Suomalaiset SS miehet politiikka uskonto ja sotarikokset p 25 26 100 105 106 Atena Jyvaskyla 2018 Ano Turtiaisen johtama puolue ottamassa jalansijaa Keskipohjanmaan vaikutusalueellakin uusin paikallisyhdistys perusteilla Ylivieskaan Juha Karkkainen teki puolueen kannatusilmoituksen Olen toistaiseksi edelleen kepun jasen Keskipohjanmaa January 16 2022 Talta fasismi nayttaa kun sen kirjoittaa paperille tutkija Oula Silvennoinen epailee Sinimustien puoluehankkeen karahtavan oikeusministerioon www kirkkojakaupunki fi in Finnish Retrieved 16 June 2021 Suomen uusnatsit hankkivat nyt oppia Venajalta jarjeston koulutuskeskus jarjestaa haulikko ja pistooliammuntaa partisaanikursseja ja kieltaa kiroilun Helsingin Sanomat January 12 2022 Uskontopolitiikka Sinimusta Liike sinimustaliike fi in Finnish Retrieved 16 June 2021 Valta kuuluu kansalle Stanley Jason 26 February 2022 The antisemitism animating Putin s claim to denazify Ukraine The Guardian Retrieved 7 March 2022 Michel Casey 9 February 2017 How Russia Became the Leader of the Global Christian Right Politico Retrieved 7 March 2022 Paterson Tom 9 November 2021 Why Putin Goes to Church The Cambridge Language Collective Retrieved 7 March 2022 Russian Imperial Movement RIM Counter Extremism Project 6 October 2022 Mapping Militant Organizations Russian Imperial Movement Center for International Security and Cooperation Stanford University February 2021 Retrieved 28 October 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link McKeen Leah A D Canadian Christian Nationalism The Religiosity and Politics of the Christian Heritage Party of Canada 2015 Theses and Dissertations Comprehensive 1740 a b Bailey Sarah Pulliam 26 October 2020 Seeking power in Jesus name Trump sparks a rise of Patriot Churches Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 12 November 2020 Plett Usher Barbara December 17 2022 Christian nationalists wanting to put God into US government BBC Retrieved 1 January 2023 a b c Sutton Matthew Avery 16 July 2020 The Truth About Trump s Evangelical Support The New Republic ISSN 0028 6583 Retrieved 12 November 2020 a b c Rouse Stella Telhami Shibley September 21 2022 Most Republicans Support Declaring the United States a Christian Nation Politico Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved 27 September 2022 a b Nichols John September 23 2022 Republicans Are Ready to Declare the United States a Christian Nation The Nation Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved 27 September 2022 Smietana Bob September 23 2022 78 of Republican evangelicals want U S declared a Christian nation The Salt Lake Tribune Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved 27 September 2022 Tyler Amanda 27 July 2022 Opinion Marjorie Taylor Greene s words on Christian nationalism are a wake up call CNN Retrieved 29 July 2022 We need to be the party of nationalism and I m a Christian and I say it proudly we should be Christian nationalists Greene said in an interview while attending the Turning Point USA Student Action Summit in Florida on Saturday She is not alone in doing so Greene s embrace of Christian nationalism follows closely after troubling remarks from Colorado Republican Rep Lauren Boebert The church is supposed to direct the government the government is not supposed to direct the church she said at a church two days before her primary election and victory in late June I m tired of this separation of church and state junk Miller Congress 10 July 2022 The far left atheist quest for power has created a mental health crisis a drug addiction crisis a crime wave an Tweet via Twitter They Love Jesus Bon Iver and Incels Inside America s New Ultranationalist Youth Movement Vice com Retrieved 2022 08 13 Ceballos Ana September 13 2022 DeSantis full armor of God rhetoric reaches Republicans But is he playing with fire Miami Herald Archived from the original on September 12 2022 Retrieved 27 September 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Ceballos Ana Brugal Summer June 28 2022 Some teachers alarmed by Florida civics training approach on religion slavery Tampa Bay Times Archived from the original on October 6 2022 A review of more than 200 pages of the state s presentations show that the founding fathers intent and the misconceptions about their thinking were a main theme of the training Several presentation slides emphasized that it was a misconception that the Founders desired strict separation of church and state and the Founders only wanted to protect Freedom of worship Rozsa Lori July 2 2022 In trainings Florida tells teachers that religion belongs in public life Washington Post Archived from the original on July 15 2022 Retrieved October 6 2022 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Florida training program Misconception that founders wanted separation of church and state Axios 2022 07 02 Retrieved 2022 10 04 Dias Elizabeth July 8 2022 The Far Right Christian Quest for Power We Are Seeing Them Emboldened The New York Times Mr Mastriano s ascension in Pennsylvania is perhaps the most prominent example of right wing candidates for public office who explicitly aim to promote Christian power in America The religious right has long supported conservative causes but this current wave seeks more a nation that actively prioritizes their particular set of Christian beliefs and far right views Smith Peter Bharath Deepa May 29 2022 Christian nationalism on the rise in some GOP campaigns Associated Press Trip Gabriel July 27 2022 Doug Mastriano Faces Criticism Over His Backing From Antisemitic Ally The New York Times Archived from the original on November 21 2022 Retrieved 25 November 2022 a b c d Dias Elizabeth July 8 2022 The Far Right Christian Quest for Power We Are Seeing Them Emboldened The New York Times Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved 24 November 2022 Stolberg Sheryl Gay November 22 2022 A Lasting Legacy of Covid Far Right Platforms Spreading Health Myths The New York Times Retrieved 25 November 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Dalsheim Joyce Starrett Gregory September 6 2022 Christian nationalism is getting written out of the story of January 6 The Conversation Archived from the original on October 4 2022 Retrieved 4 October 2022 Perry Samuel August 5 2022 After Trump Christian nationalist ideas are going mainstream despite a history of violence The Conversation Archived from the original on October 4 2022 Retrieved 4 October 2022 Jones Sarah 2022 06 04 White Christian Nationalism Is a Fundamental Threat to Democracy Intelligencer Retrieved 2022 08 22 Combining research with data analysis Gorski and Perry argue that white Christian nationalists share a set of common anti democratic beliefs and principles These are beliefs that reflect a desire to restore and privilege the myths values identity and authority of a particular ethnocultural tribe they write These beliefs add up to a political vision that privileges the tribe And they seek to put other tribes in their proper place Blake John 24 July 2022 An imposter Christianity is threatening American democracy CNN Retrieved 2022 08 22 That ends justify the means approach is a key part of White Christian nationalism says Du Mez It s why so many rallied behind former President Trump on January 6 But with few exceptions White Christian nationalists do not accept this militant masculinity when exhibited by Black Middle Eastern and Latino men Aggression by people of color is seen as a threat to the stability of home and nation she writes Perry Samuel L May 25 2022 School Shootings Confirm That Guns Are the Religion of the Right Time Archived from the original on October 4 2022 Retrieved 4 October 2022 McAlister Elizabeth 2016 01 02 The militarization of prayer in America White and Native American spiritual warfare Journal of Religious and Political Practice 2 1 114 130 doi 10 1080 20566093 2016 1085239 ISSN 2056 6093 S2CID 155833194 Conley Julia September 21 2022 Majority of Republican Voters Say US Should Be Declared a Christian Nation Common Dreams Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved 27 September 2022 Strand Daniel August 24 2022 Christian Nationalism Didn t Cause January 6 The American Conservative Archived from the original on October 6 2022 Retrieved 6 October 2022 Pape Dr Robert A Ruby Dr Kevin July 22 2022 Understanding the Insurrectionist Movement January 6 and Beyond Chicago Project on Security amp Threats at the University of Chicago Archived from the original on October 6 2022 Retrieved 6 October 2022 Rebecca Haynes Martyn Rady 30 November 2013 In the Shadow of Hitler Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe I B Tauris p 300 ISBN 978 1 78076 808 3 Jovan Byford 2008 Denial and Repression of Antisemitism Post communist Remembrance of the Serbian Bishop Nikolaj Velimirovic Central European University Press p 52 ISBN 978 963 9776 15 9 Further reading EditAndrew Whitehead and Samuel Perry 2020 Taking America Back for God Christian Nationalism in the United States OUP Oxford ISBN 978 0190057886 Stephen Backhouse 7 July 2011 Kierkegaard s Critique of Christian Nationalism OUP Oxford ISBN 978 0 19 960472 2 Marci McDonald 11 May 2010 The Armageddon Factor The Rise of Christian Nationalism in Canada Random House of Canada ISBN 978 0 307 36788 4 O Donnell Jonathon September 2020 Stausberg Michael Engler Steven eds The deliverance of the administrative state Deep state conspiracism charismatic demonology and the post truth politics of American Christian nationalism Religion Taylor amp Francis 50 4 696 719 doi 10 1080 0048721X 2020 1810817 ISSN 1096 1151 S2CID 222094116 Adele Oltman 1 January 2012 Sacred Mission Worldly Ambition Black Christian Nationalism in the Age of Jim Crow University of Georgia Press ISBN 978 0 8203 4126 2 Charles Bloomberg 1989 Christian Nationalism and the Rise of the Afrikaner Broederbond in South Africa 1918 48 Palgrave Macmillan UK ISBN 978 1 349 10694 3 Matthew McCullough 20 August 2014 The Cross of War Christian Nationalism and U S Expansion in the Spanish American War University of Wisconsin Pres ISBN 978 0 299 30034 0 Shortle Allyson F McDaniel Eric L Nooruddin Irfan 2022 The Everyday Crusade Christian Nationalism in American Politics Cambridge University Press Michelle Goldberg 2007 Kingdom Coming The Rise of Christian Nationalism W W Norton ISBN 978 0 393 32976 6 Paul A Hanebrink 2006 In Defense of Christian Hungary Religion Nationalism and Antisemitism 1890 1944 Cornell University Press ISBN 978 0 8014 4485 2 Walid Phares January 1995 Lebanese Christian Nationalism The Rise and Fall of an Ethnic Resistance L Rienner ISBN 978 1 55587 535 0 Feldman Matthew Turda Marius Georgescu Tudor eds 2008 Clerical Fascism in Interwar Europe Routledge ISBN 9781317968993 Novak Viktor 2011 Magnum Crimen Half a Century of Clericalism in Croatia Vol 1 Jagodina Gambit ISBN 9788676240494 Novak Viktor 2011 Magnum Crimen Half a Century of Clericalism in Croatia Vol 2 Jagodina Gambit ISBN 9788676240494 External links EditMinnesota lawmakers Secular Government Caucus will combat Christian nationalism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Christian nationalism amp oldid 1131881267, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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