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Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea (Arabic: اَلْبَحرْ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, romanizedAl-Bahr al-ˁArabī) is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan, Iran and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, on the southeast by the Laccadive Sea[1] and the Maldives, on the southwest by Somalia,[2] and on the east by India. Its total area is 3,862,000 km2 (1,491,000 sq mi) and its maximum depth is 4,652 meters (15,262 ft). The Gulf of Aden in the west connects the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest, connecting it to the Persian Gulf.

Arabian Sea
LocationHorn of Africa, Western Asia and South Asia
Coordinates14°N 65°E / 14°N 65°E / 14; 65Coordinates: 14°N 65°E / 14°N 65°E / 14; 65
TypeSea
Part ofIndian Ocean
Basin countriesIndia
Iran
Maldives
Oman
Pakistan
Seychelles
Somalia
Sri Lanka
Yemen
Max. width2,400 km (1,500 mi)
Surface area3,862,000 km2 (1,491,000 sq mi) (3,600,000 to 4,600,000 km2 in various sources)
Max. depth4,652 m (15,262 ft)
IslandsAstola island, Basavaraj Durga Island, Lakshadweep, Masirah Island, Piram Island, Pirotan, Socotra
Arabian Sea

Geography

The Arabian Sea's surface area is about 3,862,000 km2 (1,491,130 sq mi).[3] The maximum width of the sea is approximately 2,400 km (1,490 mi), and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft). The biggest river flowing into the sea is the Indus River.

The Arabian Sea has two important branches — the Gulf of Aden in the southwest, connecting with the Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb; and the Gulf of Oman to the northwest, connecting with the Persian Gulf. There are also the gulfs of Khambhat and Kutch on the Indian Coast. The Arabian Sea has been crossed by many important marine trade routes since the 3rd or 2nd millennium BCE. Major seaports include Kandla Port, Mundra Port, Pipavav Port, Dahej Port, Hazira Port, Mumbai Port, Nhava Sheva Port (Navi Mumbai), Mormugão Port (Goa), New Mangalore Port and Kochi Port in India, the Port of Karachi, Port Qasim, and the Gwadar Port in Pakistan, Chabahar Port in Iran and the Port of Salalah in Salalah, Oman. The largest islands in the Arabian Sea include Socotra (Yemen), Masirah Island (Oman), Lakshadweep (India) and Astola Island (Pakistan). The countries with coastlines on the Arabian Sea are Yemen, Oman, Pakistan, Iran, India and the Maldives.[3]

Limits

The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Arabian Sea as follows:[4]

Border and basin countries

Border and basin countries:[5][6]

  1.   India - 2,500 km coastline
  2.   Pakistan - 1,050 km coastline
  3.   Iran
  4.   Maldives
  5.   Oman
  6.   Yemen
  7.   Somalia

Alternative names

The Arabian Sea historically and geographically has been referred to with different names by Arabian and European geographers and travelers, including Erythraean Sea, Indian Sea, Oman sea,[7] Erythraean, Persian Sea in para No 34-35 of the Voyage.[8] In Indian folklore, it is referred to as Darya, Sindhu Sagar, and Arab Samudra.[9][10][11]

Arab geographers, sailors and nomads used to call this sea by different names, including the Akhzar (Green) Sea, Bahre Fars (Persian Sea), the Ocean Sea, the Hindu sea, the Makran Sea, the sea of Oman; among them Zakariya al-Qazwini, Al-Masudi, Ibn Hawqal and Hafiz-i Abru. They wrote: "The green sea and Indian sea and Persian sea are all one sea and in this sea there are strange creatures." in Iran and Turkey people call it Oman sea.[12] In the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, as well as in some ancient maps, Erythraean Sea refers to the whole area of the northwestern Indian Ocean, including the Arabian Sea.[13]

Trade routes

 
Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

The Arabian Sea has been an important marine trade route since the era of the coastal sailing vessels from possibly as early as the 3rd millennium BCE, certainly the late 2nd millennium BCE through the later days known as the Age of Sail. By the time of Julius Caesar, several well-established combined land-sea trade routes depended upon water transport through the sea around the rough inland terrain features to its north.

These routes usually began in the Far East or down river from Madhya Pradesh, India with transshipment via historic Bharuch (Bharakuccha), traversed past the inhospitable coast of modern-day Iran, then split around Hadhramaut, Yemen into two streams north into the Gulf of Aden and thence into the Levant, or south into Alexandria via Red Sea ports such as Axum. Each major route involved transhipping to pack animal caravan, travel through desert country and risk of bandits and extortionate tolls by local potentates.

This southern coastal route past the rough country in the southern Arabian Peninsula was significant, and the Egyptian Pharaohs built several shallow canals to service the trade, one more or less along the route of today's Suez Canal, and another from the Red Sea to the Nile River, both shallow works that were swallowed up by huge sand storms in antiquity. Later the kingdom of Axum arose in Ethiopia to rule a mercantile empire rooted in the trade with Europe via Alexandria. [14]

Major ports

Jawaharlal Nehru Port in Mumbai is the largest port in the Arabian Sea, and the largest container port in India. Major Indian ports in the Arabian Sea are Mundra Port, Kandla Port, Nava Sheva, Kochi Port, Mumbai Port, and Mormugão.[15][16]

 
The Kochi Port located on the south-west coast of India is the nearest Indian port to the international shipping routes, as well as one of the largest and busiest ports serving the Arabian Sea. Seen here is the International Container Transshipment Terminal, the only such facility in India.

The Port of Karachi, Pakistan's largest and busiest seaport lies on the coast of the sea. It is located between the Karachi towns of Kiamari and Saddar.

The Gwadar Port of Pakistan is a warm-water, deep-sea port situated at Gwadar in Balochistan at the apex of the Arabian Sea and at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, about 460 km west of Karachi and approximately 75 km (47 mi) east of Pakistan's border with Iran. The port is located on the eastern bay of a natural hammerhead-shaped peninsula jutting out into the Arabian Sea from the coastline.

Port of Salalah in Salalah, Oman is also a major port in the area. The International Task Force often uses the port as a base. There is a significant number of warships of all nations coming in and out of the port, which makes it a very safe bubble. The port handled just under 3.5m teu in 2009.[17]

Islands

 
Landsat view of Socotra, an island of Yemen.

There are several islands in the Arabian Sea, with the most important ones being Lakshadweep Islands (India), Socotra (Yemen), Masirah (Oman) and Astola Island (Pakistan).

The Lakshadweep Islands (formerly known as the Laccadive, Minicoy, and Aminidivi Islands) is a group of islands in the Laccadive Sea region of Arabian Sea, 200 to 440 km (120 to 270 mi) off the southwestern coast of India. The archipelago is a union territory and is governed by the Union Government of India. The islands form the smallest union territory of India with their total surface area being just 32 km2 (12 sq mi). Next to these islands are the Maldives islands. These islands islands are all part of the Lakshadweep-Maldives-Chagos group of islands.

Zalzala Koh was an island which was around for only a few years. After the 2013 earthquake in Pakistan, the mud island was formed. By 2016 the island was finished.[18]

Astola Island, also known as Jezira Haft Talar in Balochi, or 'Island of the Seven Hills', is a small, uninhabited island in the northern tip of the Arabian Sea in Pakistan's territorial waters.

Socotra, also spelled Soqotra, is the largest island, being part of a small archipelago of four islands. It lies some 240 km (150 mi) east of the Horn of Africa and 380 km (240 mi) south of the Arabian Peninsula.

Masirah and the five Khuriya Muriya Islands are islands off the southeastern coast of Oman.

Major Cities

There are many major cities and towns in the coast of Arabian Sea. Some of the major cities are Mumbai, Muscat, Karachi, Aden, Salalah, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kollam, Mangalore, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Mogadishu, Gwadar, Abu Dhabi, Mundra, Dubai, Kannur, Panaji, Karwar, Udupi, Ratnagiri, Murdeshwar, Colombo, Takamaka, and Dhiffushi.

Oxygen minimum zone

 
Phytoplankton bloom over the Arabian Sea in winter (NASA)

The Arabian Sea has one of the world's three largest oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZ), or “dead zones,” along with the eastern tropical North Pacific and the eastern tropical South Pacific. OMZs have very low levels of oxygen, sometimes undetectable by standard equipment.[19] The Arabian Sea's OMZ has the lowest levels of oxygen in the world, especially in the Gulf of Oman.[20] Causes of the OMZ may include untreated sewage as well as high temperatures on the Indian subcontinent, which increase winds blowing towards India, bringing up nutrients and reducing oxygen in the Arabian Sea's waters. In winter, phytoplankton suited to low-oxygen conditions turn the OMZ bright green.[21]

Environment and wildlife

The wildlife of the Arabian sea is diverse, and entirely unique because of the geographic distribution.

Arabian Sea warming

Recent studies[22][23][24] by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology confirmed that the Arabian Sea is warming monotonously; it possibly is due to by global warming.

Underwater tunnel

A rail tunnel under the sea is planned. It will link the UAE with the western coast of India. The tunnel will be supported by pontoons and will be nearly 2000 kilometres in length.[25][26]

Native names

Language Name Romanized
Arabic اَلْبَحرْ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ Al-Bahr al-ˁArabī
Divehi ޢަރަބި ކަނޑު
Gujarati અરબી સમુદ્ર
Hindi अरब सागर
Kannada ಅರಬ್ಬೀ ಸಮುದ್ರ
Malayalam അറബിക്കടൽ
Marathi अरबी समुद्र
Persian دریای عرب
Sindhi عربي سمنڊ
Somali Bada Carbeed
Tamil அரபிக்கடல்
Urdu بحیرہ عرب

See also

References

  1. ^ Banse, Karl, and Charles R. McClain. "Winter blooms of phytoplankton in the Arabian Sea as observed by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner." Marine Ecology Progress Series (1986): 201-211.
  2. ^ Pham, J. Peter. "Putting Somali piracy in context." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 28.3 (2010): 325-341.
  3. ^ a b Arabian Sea, Encyclopædia Britannica
  4. ^ (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. pp. 20–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Iran". The World Factbook (2023 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
  6. ^ . www.wildlifeofpakistan.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
  7. ^ "Kamat's Potpourri: The Arabian Sea". kamat.com.
  8. ^ "The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea". washington.edu.
  9. ^ "Kamat's Potpourri: The Arabian Sea". www.kamat.com.
  10. ^ "The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea". depts.washington.edu.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
  12. ^ "Ministry of MoFA Iran: Introducing a Book and Atlas". mfa.gov.ir.
  13. ^ "1794, Orbis Veteribus Notus by Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville". 1794.
  14. ^ "Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam".
  15. ^ "TRAFFIC HANDLED AT MAJOR PORTS (LAST 7 YEARS)" (PDF). shipping.gov.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ "WORLD PORT RANKINGS" (PDF). aapa.files.cms-plus.com. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  17. ^ Salalah’s versatility beats the slump October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Port of Salalah
  18. ^ "Gwadar's quake island disappears". 31 December 2016.
  19. ^ Lüke, Claudia; Speth, Daan R.; Kox, Martine A. R.; Villanueva, Laura; Jetten, Mike S. M. (2016-04-07). "Metagenomic analysis of nitrogen and methane cycling in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone". PeerJ. 4: e1924. doi:10.7717/peerj.1924. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4830246. PMID 27077014.
  20. ^ Queste, Bastien Y.; Vic, Clément; Heywood, Karen J.; Piontkovski, Sergey A. (2018). "Physical Controls on Oxygen Distribution and Denitrification Potential in the North West Arabian Sea". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (9): 4143–4152. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.4143Q. doi:10.1029/2017GL076666. ISSN 1944-8007.
  21. ^ Bhanoo, S.N. "A Green Blanket on the Arabian Sea". The New York Times.
  22. ^ Roxy, Mathew Koll; Ritika, Kapoor; Terray, Pascal; Murtugudde, Raghu; Ashok, Karumuri; Goswami, B. N. (16 June 2015). "Drying of Indian subcontinent by rapid Indian Ocean warming and a weakening land-sea thermal gradient". Nature Communications. 6 (1): 7423. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7423R. doi:10.1038/ncomms8423. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 26077934. S2CID 7061499.
  23. ^ Pratik, Kad; Parekh, Anant; Karmakar, Ananya; Chowdary, Jasti S.; Gnanaseelan, C. (1 April 2019). "Recent changes in the summer monsoon circulation and their impact on dynamics and thermodynamics of the Arabian Sea". Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 136 (1): 321–331. Bibcode:2019ThApC.136..321P. doi:10.1007/s00704-018-2493-6. ISSN 1434-4483. S2CID 126114281.
  24. ^ Roxy, M. K.; Gnanaseelan, C.; Parekh, Anant; Chowdary, Jasti S.; Singh, Shikha; Modi, Aditi; Kakatkar, Rashmi; Mohapatra, Sandeep; Dhara, Chirag; Shenoi, S. C.; Rajeevan, M. (2020). "Indian Ocean Warming". Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region: A Report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India. Springer. pp. 191–206. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4327-2_10. ISBN 978-981-15-4327-2. S2CID 226643638.
  25. ^ "A 2,000-km-long underwater rail will connect Mumbai to the UAE very soon! | Times of India Travel". The Times of India.
  26. ^ "The UAE wants an underwater bullet train to India". 5 December 2018.

Sources

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Arabian Sea". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

  • A book and Atlas

External links

  Media related to Arabian Sea at Wikimedia Commons

    arabian, arabic, حر, ٱل, romanized, bahr, ˁarabī, region, northern, indian, ocean, bounded, north, pakistan, iran, gulf, oman, west, gulf, aden, guardafui, channel, arabian, peninsula, southeast, laccadive, maldives, southwest, somalia, east, india, total, are. The Arabian Sea Arabic ا ل ب حر ٱل ع ر ب ي romanized Al Bahr al ˁArabi is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan Iran and the Gulf of Oman on the west by the Gulf of Aden Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula on the southeast by the Laccadive Sea 1 and the Maldives on the southwest by Somalia 2 and on the east by India Its total area is 3 862 000 km2 1 491 000 sq mi and its maximum depth is 4 652 meters 15 262 ft The Gulf of Aden in the west connects the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab el Mandeb and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest connecting it to the Persian Gulf Arabian SeaLocationHorn of Africa Western Asia and South AsiaCoordinates14 N 65 E 14 N 65 E 14 65 Coordinates 14 N 65 E 14 N 65 E 14 65TypeSeaPart ofIndian OceanBasin countriesIndiaIranMaldivesOmanPakistanSeychellesSomaliaSri LankaYemenMax width2 400 km 1 500 mi Surface area3 862 000 km2 1 491 000 sq mi 3 600 000 to 4 600 000 km2 in various sources Max depth4 652 m 15 262 ft IslandsAstola island Basavaraj Durga Island Lakshadweep Masirah Island Piram Island Pirotan SocotraArabian Sea Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Limits 2 Border and basin countries 3 Alternative names 4 Trade routes 4 1 Major ports 5 Islands 6 Major Cities 7 Oxygen minimum zone 8 Environment and wildlife 9 Arabian Sea warming 10 Underwater tunnel 11 Native names 12 See also 13 References 14 Sources 15 External linksGeography EditThe Arabian Sea s surface area is about 3 862 000 km2 1 491 130 sq mi 3 The maximum width of the sea is approximately 2 400 km 1 490 mi and its maximum depth is 4 652 metres 15 262 ft The biggest river flowing into the sea is the Indus River The Arabian Sea has two important branches the Gulf of Aden in the southwest connecting with the Red Sea through the strait of Bab el Mandeb and the Gulf of Oman to the northwest connecting with the Persian Gulf There are also the gulfs of Khambhat and Kutch on the Indian Coast The Arabian Sea has been crossed by many important marine trade routes since the 3rd or 2nd millennium BCE Major seaports include Kandla Port Mundra Port Pipavav Port Dahej Port Hazira Port Mumbai Port Nhava Sheva Port Navi Mumbai Mormugao Port Goa New Mangalore Port and Kochi Port in India the Port of Karachi Port Qasim and the Gwadar Port in Pakistan Chabahar Port in Iran and the Port of Salalah in Salalah Oman The largest islands in the Arabian Sea include Socotra Yemen Masirah Island Oman Lakshadweep India and Astola Island Pakistan The countries with coastlines on the Arabian Sea are Yemen Oman Pakistan Iran India and the Maldives 3 Limits Edit The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Arabian Sea as follows 4 On the west the eastern limit of the Gulf of Aden On the north a line joining Ras al Hadd east point of the Arabian Peninsula 22 32 N and Ras Jiyuni 61 43 E on the coast of Pakistan On the south a line running from the southern extremity of Addu Atoll in the Maldives to the eastern extremity of Ras Hafun the easternmost point of Africa 10 26 N On the east the western limit of the Laccadive Sea a line running from Sadashivgad on the west coast of India 14 48 N 74 07 E 14 800 N 74 117 E 14 800 74 117 to Cora Divh 13 42 N 72 10 E 13 700 N 72 167 E 13 700 72 167 and thence down the west side of the Laccadive and Maldive archipelagos to the most southerly point of Addu Atoll in the Maldives Border and basin countries EditBorder and basin countries 5 6 India 2 500 km coastline Pakistan 1 050 km coastline Iran Maldives Oman Yemen Somalia Arabian Sea above Bombay Mumbai Arabian Sea seen from space Arabian Sea in Karachi PakistanAlternative names EditThis article needs attention from an expert in Geography The specific problem is This article possibly contains synthesis of material and claims which does not verifiably relate to the topic See the talk page for details WikiProject Geography may be able to help recruit an expert April 2023 The Arabian Sea historically and geographically has been referred to with different names by Arabian and European geographers and travelers including Erythraean Sea Indian Sea Oman sea 7 Erythraean Persian Sea in para No 34 35 of the Voyage 8 In Indian folklore it is referred to as Darya Sindhu Sagar and Arab Samudra 9 10 11 Arab geographers sailors and nomads used to call this sea by different names including the Akhzar Green Sea Bahre Fars Persian Sea the Ocean Sea the Hindu sea the Makran Sea the sea of Oman among them Zakariya al Qazwini Al Masudi Ibn Hawqal and Hafiz i Abru They wrote The green sea and Indian sea and Persian sea are all one sea and in this sea there are strange creatures in Iran and Turkey people call it Oman sea 12 In the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as well as in some ancient maps Erythraean Sea refers to the whole area of the northwestern Indian Ocean including the Arabian Sea 13 Erythraean Sea 1838 1658 Jansson Map of the Indian Ocean Erythraean Sea The western part of the Indian Ocean 1693 17th century map depicting the locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea A horizontal Malabar Coast miniature a reprint by Petrus Bertius 1630 Persian Sea Asia Sinus Persicus and the Mare Persicum Iran and MakranTrade routes Edit Names routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea The Arabian Sea has been an important marine trade route since the era of the coastal sailing vessels from possibly as early as the 3rd millennium BCE certainly the late 2nd millennium BCE through the later days known as the Age of Sail By the time of Julius Caesar several well established combined land sea trade routes depended upon water transport through the sea around the rough inland terrain features to its north These routes usually began in the Far East or down river from Madhya Pradesh India with transshipment via historic Bharuch Bharakuccha traversed past the inhospitable coast of modern day Iran then split around Hadhramaut Yemen into two streams north into the Gulf of Aden and thence into the Levant or south into Alexandria via Red Sea ports such as Axum Each major route involved transhipping to pack animal caravan travel through desert country and risk of bandits and extortionate tolls by local potentates This southern coastal route past the rough country in the southern Arabian Peninsula was significant and the Egyptian Pharaohs built several shallow canals to service the trade one more or less along the route of today s Suez Canal and another from the Red Sea to the Nile River both shallow works that were swallowed up by huge sand storms in antiquity Later the kingdom of Axum arose in Ethiopia to rule a mercantile empire rooted in the trade with Europe via Alexandria 14 Major ports Edit Jawaharlal Nehru Port in Mumbai is the largest port in the Arabian Sea and the largest container port in India Major Indian ports in the Arabian Sea are Mundra Port Kandla Port Nava Sheva Kochi Port Mumbai Port and Mormugao 15 16 The Kochi Port located on the south west coast of India is the nearest Indian port to the international shipping routes as well as one of the largest and busiest ports serving the Arabian Sea Seen here is the International Container Transshipment Terminal the only such facility in India The Port of Karachi Pakistan s largest and busiest seaport lies on the coast of the sea It is located between the Karachi towns of Kiamari and Saddar The Gwadar Port of Pakistan is a warm water deep sea port situated at Gwadar in Balochistan at the apex of the Arabian Sea and at the entrance of the Persian Gulf about 460 km west of Karachi and approximately 75 km 47 mi east of Pakistan s border with Iran The port is located on the eastern bay of a natural hammerhead shaped peninsula jutting out into the Arabian Sea from the coastline Port of Salalah in Salalah Oman is also a major port in the area The International Task Force often uses the port as a base There is a significant number of warships of all nations coming in and out of the port which makes it a very safe bubble The port handled just under 3 5m teu in 2009 17 Islands Edit Landsat view of Socotra an island of Yemen There are several islands in the Arabian Sea with the most important ones being Lakshadweep Islands India Socotra Yemen Masirah Oman and Astola Island Pakistan The Lakshadweep Islands formerly known as the Laccadive Minicoy and Aminidivi Islands is a group of islands in the Laccadive Sea region of Arabian Sea 200 to 440 km 120 to 270 mi off the southwestern coast of India The archipelago is a union territory and is governed by the Union Government of India The islands form the smallest union territory of India with their total surface area being just 32 km2 12 sq mi Next to these islands are the Maldives islands These islands islands are all part of the Lakshadweep Maldives Chagos group of islands Zalzala Koh was an island which was around for only a few years After the 2013 earthquake in Pakistan the mud island was formed By 2016 the island was finished 18 Astola Island also known as Jezira Haft Talar in Balochi or Island of the Seven Hills is a small uninhabited island in the northern tip of the Arabian Sea in Pakistan s territorial waters Socotra also spelled Soqotra is the largest island being part of a small archipelago of four islands It lies some 240 km 150 mi east of the Horn of Africa and 380 km 240 mi south of the Arabian Peninsula Masirah and the five Khuriya Muriya Islands are islands off the southeastern coast of Oman Major Cities EditThere are many major cities and towns in the coast of Arabian Sea Some of the major cities are Mumbai Muscat Karachi Aden Salalah Thiruvananthapuram Kochi Kozhikode Kollam Mangalore Bhavnagar Jamnagar Mogadishu Gwadar Abu Dhabi Mundra Dubai Kannur Panaji Karwar Udupi Ratnagiri Murdeshwar Colombo Takamaka and Dhiffushi Oxygen minimum zone Edit Phytoplankton bloom over the Arabian Sea in winter NASA The Arabian Sea has one of the world s three largest oceanic oxygen minimum zones OMZ or dead zones along with the eastern tropical North Pacific and the eastern tropical South Pacific OMZs have very low levels of oxygen sometimes undetectable by standard equipment 19 The Arabian Sea s OMZ has the lowest levels of oxygen in the world especially in the Gulf of Oman 20 Causes of the OMZ may include untreated sewage as well as high temperatures on the Indian subcontinent which increase winds blowing towards India bringing up nutrients and reducing oxygen in the Arabian Sea s waters In winter phytoplankton suited to low oxygen conditions turn the OMZ bright green 21 Environment and wildlife EditThe wildlife of the Arabian sea is diverse and entirely unique because of the geographic distribution The western part of the Indian Ocean by Vincenzo Maria Coronelli 1693 from his system of global gores the Makran coast Mangrove forests are abundant south of Karachi Pakistan Palm and sunset in Minoo Island Iran Critically endangered Dugong mother and her offspring in shallow waters Makran coast Makran sea Makoran coast in Iran Makran coast IranArabian Sea warming EditRecent studies 22 23 24 by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology confirmed that the Arabian Sea is warming monotonously it possibly is due to by global warming Underwater tunnel EditA rail tunnel under the sea is planned It will link the UAE with the western coast of India The tunnel will be supported by pontoons and will be nearly 2000 kilometres in length 25 26 Native names EditLanguage Name RomanizedArabic ا ل ب حر ٱل ع ر ب ي Al Bahr al ˁArabiDivehi ޢ ރ ބ ކ ނޑ Gujarati અરબ સમ દ રHindi अरब स गरKannada ಅರಬ ಬ ಸಮ ದ ರMalayalam അറബ ക കടൽMarathi अरब सम द रPersian دریای عربSindhi عربي سمنڊSomali Bada CarbeedTamil அரப க கடல Urdu بحیرہ عربSee also EditIndian Ocean Rim Association North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone Piracy off the coast of SomaliaReferences Edit Banse Karl and Charles R McClain Winter blooms of phytoplankton in the Arabian Sea as observed by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner Marine Ecology Progress Series 1986 201 211 Pham J Peter Putting Somali piracy in context Journal of Contemporary African Studies 28 3 2010 325 341 a b Arabian Sea Encyclopaedia Britannica Limits of Oceans and Seas 3rd edition PDF International Hydrographic Organization 1953 pp 20 21 Archived from the original PDF on 7 December 2017 Retrieved 28 December 2020 Iran The World Factbook 2023 ed Central Intelligence Agency Introduction to Pakistan Section 5 Coastline www wildlifeofpakistan com Archived from the original on 2020 06 26 Retrieved 2020 08 28 Kamat s Potpourri The Arabian Sea kamat com The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea washington edu Kamat s Potpourri The Arabian Sea www kamat com The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea depts washington edu The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Archived from the original on 2013 12 02 Retrieved 2012 04 03 Ministry of MoFA Iran Introducing a Book and Atlas mfa gov ir 1794 Orbis Veteribus Notus by Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d Anville 1794 Documents on the Persian Gulf s name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr Mohammad Ajam TRAFFIC HANDLED AT MAJOR PORTS LAST 7 YEARS PDF shipping gov in Archived PDF from the original on 2022 10 09 permanent dead link WORLD PORT RANKINGS PDF aapa files cms plus com 2009 Archived PDF from the original on 2022 10 09 Salalah s versatility beats the slump Archived October 25 2012 at the Wayback Machine Port of Salalah Gwadar s quake island disappears 31 December 2016 Luke Claudia Speth Daan R Kox Martine A R Villanueva Laura Jetten Mike S M 2016 04 07 Metagenomic analysis of nitrogen and methane cycling in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone PeerJ 4 e1924 doi 10 7717 peerj 1924 ISSN 2167 8359 PMC 4830246 PMID 27077014 Queste Bastien Y Vic Clement Heywood Karen J Piontkovski Sergey A 2018 Physical Controls on Oxygen Distribution and Denitrification Potential in the North West Arabian Sea Geophysical Research Letters 45 9 4143 4152 Bibcode 2018GeoRL 45 4143Q doi 10 1029 2017GL076666 ISSN 1944 8007 Bhanoo S N A Green Blanket on the Arabian Sea The New York Times Roxy Mathew Koll Ritika Kapoor Terray Pascal Murtugudde Raghu Ashok Karumuri Goswami B N 16 June 2015 Drying of Indian subcontinent by rapid Indian Ocean warming and a weakening land sea thermal gradient Nature Communications 6 1 7423 Bibcode 2015NatCo 6 7423R doi 10 1038 ncomms8423 ISSN 2041 1723 PMID 26077934 S2CID 7061499 Pratik Kad Parekh Anant Karmakar Ananya Chowdary Jasti S Gnanaseelan C 1 April 2019 Recent changes in the summer monsoon circulation and their impact on dynamics and thermodynamics of the Arabian Sea Theoretical and Applied Climatology 136 1 321 331 Bibcode 2019ThApC 136 321P doi 10 1007 s00704 018 2493 6 ISSN 1434 4483 S2CID 126114281 Roxy M K Gnanaseelan C Parekh Anant Chowdary Jasti S Singh Shikha Modi Aditi Kakatkar Rashmi Mohapatra Sandeep Dhara Chirag Shenoi S C Rajeevan M 2020 Indian Ocean Warming Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region A Report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences MoES Government of India Springer pp 191 206 doi 10 1007 978 981 15 4327 2 10 ISBN 978 981 15 4327 2 S2CID 226643638 A 2 000 km long underwater rail will connect Mumbai to the UAE very soon Times of India Travel The Times of India The UAE wants an underwater bullet train to India 5 December 2018 Sources Edit This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Arabian Sea Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press A book and AtlasExternal links Edit Media related to Arabian Sea at Wikimedia Commons Arabian Sea World Wildlife Fund Portal Oceans Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arabian Sea amp oldid 1148565157, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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