List of Indian monarchs

This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several lists of incumbents.

The Indian subcontinent, the main centre of Indian culture

The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on Ashokan edicts^[1][2] written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of literary sources. Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.

Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya Empire in 300s BCE. There are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in the Deccan and South India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of South Indian history is Sangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.

Vedic India (c. 2000s BCE – 200s BCE)

See also: Outline of ancient India, Iron Age in India, Vedic Period, Janapada, and Mahajanapada

Kingdom of Magadha

List of monarchs of Magadha

Kingdom of Kashmir

List of monarchs of Kashmir

Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE)

Kings of Gandhara

Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – 345 BCE)

Kings of Kuru

Kingdom of Avanti (c. 1100 – 400 BCE)

Haiheyas

1. Sahasrajit
2. Satajit
3. Mahahaya, Renuhaya and Haihaya (the founder of Haihaya Kingdom). (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Mandhatri)
4. Dharma was the son of Haihaya.
5. Netra
6. Kunti
7. Sohanji
8. Mahishman was the founder of Mahishmati on the banks of River Narmada.
9. Bhadrasenaka (Bhadrasena) (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Trishanku)
10. Durmada (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Harischandra)
11. Durdama
12. Bhima
13. Samhata
14. Kanaka
15. Dhanaka
16. Krtavirya, Krtagni, Krtavarma and Krtauja. (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Rohitashva)
17. Sahasrabahu Kartavirya Arjuna was the son of Krtavirya who ruled 88 years and was finally killed by Lord Parashurama.
18. Jayadhwaja, Vrshabha, Madhu and Urujit were left by Parshurama and 995 others were killed by Lord Parashurama. Pajanya was adopted by Kroshta king Devamidha
19. Talajangha (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Asita)
20. Vithihotra (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Sagara)
21. Madhu
22. Vrshni

Pradyota dynasty

Videha (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Kings of Videha

Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE)

Kings of Kalinga

Kosala Kingdom (c. 1100 – 345 BCE)

Kings of Kosala:^[3]

• Brihadbala
• Brihatkshaya
• Urukriya
• Vatsavyuha
• Prativyoma
• Bhaanu
• Divakara
• Veer Sahadeva
• Brihadashva
• Bhanuratha
• Pratitashva
• Supratika
• Marudeva
• Sunakshatra
• Pushkara
• Antariksha
• Suvarna
• Bruhadaraaj
• Kritanjaya
• Ranajjaya
• Sanjaya Mahakoshala or Jayasena
• Prasenajit
• Virudhaka
• Sumitra

Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE)

Kings of Panchala:

• Rishin
• Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)
• Brihatkaya
• Puranjaya
• Riksha
• Bramhyaswa
• Aramyaswa
• Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder of Kampilya capital of Panchala Kingdom)
• Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa)
• Dritimana
• Drdhanemi
• Sarvasena, (founder of Ujjain Kingdom)
• Mitra
• Rukmaratha
• Suparswa
• Sumathi
• Sannatimana
• Krta
• Pijavana
• Somadutta
• Jantuvahana
• Badhrayaswa
• Brihadhishu
• Brihadhanu
• Brihadkarma
• Jayaratha
• Visvajit
• Seinyajit
• Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)
• Samara
• Sadashva
• Ruchiraswa
• Pruthusena
• Prapti
• Prthaswa
• Sukrthi
• Vibhiraja
• Anuha
• Bramhadatta II
• Vishwaksena
• Dandasena
• Durmukha
• Durbuddhi
• Dharbhya
• Divodasa
• Sivana I
• Mitrayu
• Maitrayana
• Soma
• Sivana II
• Sadasana
• Sahadeva
• Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)
• Prishati, (son of Somaka)
• Drupada, (son of Prishata)
• Dhrishtadyumna, (was the son of Drupada, Draupadi and Shikhandi were the daughters of Drupada)
• Keśin Dālbhya
• Pravahana Jaivali
• Achyuta, (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in c. 350 CE by Gupta ruler Samudragupta.)

Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)

Kings of Anga:

• Maharaj Anga - (founder of the kingdom and son of King Bali)
• Romapada
• Brihadratha
• Angaraj Karna
• Vrishaketu - (son of Karna)
• Tamralipta
• Lomapada
• Chitraratha
• Vrihadratha
• Vasuhoma
• Dhatarattha
• Dhadivahana
• Brahmadatta - (last king of Anga kingdom)

Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE)

Kings of Kamboja:

• Kamatha
• Chandravarma Kamboja
• Kamatha Kamboja
• Prapaksha Kamboja
• Sudakshina Kamboja
• Srindra Varmana Kamboj

Shakya Republic (c. 7th to 5th century BCE)

Rulers of Shakya:

• Shakya
• Sihahanu
• Śuddhodana
• Siddhartha Shakya (aka Gautama Buddha)
• Rāhula

Later Shakya Republic was conquered by Virudhaka of Kosala.

Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	Ruler From (in BCE)	Ruler Until (in BCE)	Marriages	Claim
	Vijaya	? Sinhapura son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali	505 Tambapanni	543	505	Kuveni two children Pandu Princess	Founded Kingdom Marriage to Kuveni
	Upatissa (regent)	-	-	505	504		Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
	Panduvasdeva	-	-	504	474		Nephew of Vijaya
	Abhaya	-	-	474	454		Son of Panduvasdeva
	Tissa (regent)	-	-	454	437		Younger brother of Abhaya

Ancient South Indian dynasties

Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1650 CE)

Early Pandyans

• Koon Pandiyan - (Earliest Known Pandyan king)
• Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan), he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi
• Pudappandiyan
• Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
• Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
• Nan Maran
• Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)
• Maran Valudi
• Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
• Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)

• Kadungon (590–620 CE)
• Maravarman Avani Culamani (c. 620–645 CE)
• Jayantavarman (c. 645–670 CE)
• Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (c. 670–710 CE)
• Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735 CE)
• Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
• Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
• Rasasingan II (790–800)
• Varagunan I (800–830)
• Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)
• Varagunavarman II (862–880)
• Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
• Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)

Pandyans under Chola Empire (c. 920–1216 CE)

• Sundara Pandyan I
• Vira Pandyan I
• Vira Pandyan II
• Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
• Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
• Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
• Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
• Jatavarman Chola Pandya
• Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
• Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
• Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
• Kulasekara Pandyan III
• Vira Pandyan III
• Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
• Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)

Pandalam dynasty (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)

Main article: Pandalam dynasty

• Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
• Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
• Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
• Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
• Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
• Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
• Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
• Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)

Tenkasi Pandya dynasty (c. 1422–1650 CE)

Main article: Tenkasi Pandyas

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

• Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463)
• Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473)
• Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506)
• Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
• Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543)
• Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552)
• Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)
• Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604)
• Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
• Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
• Kollankondan (1618–1650)

Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1530 CE)

Ancient Chera kings

Kongu Cheras (c. 400–844 CE)

Makotai Cheras

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):

• Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)
• Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
• Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
• Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
• Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
• Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
• Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
• Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
• Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
• Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
• Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
• Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
• Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
• Ravi Varma (1252–1313)
• Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
• Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
• Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
• Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
• Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
• Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
• Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
• Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
• Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
• Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
• Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
• Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
• Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
• Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)
• Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
• Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)

Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1279 CE)

Ancient Chola kings (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE):

• Eri Oliyan Vaendhi
• Maandhuvaazhi
• El Mei Nannan
• Keezhai Kinjuvan
• Vazhisai Nannan
• Mei Kiyagusi Aerru
• Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru
• Thizhagan Maandhi
• Maandhi Vaelan
• Aai Adumban
• Ilamcetcenni
• Karikala Chola
• Nedunkilli
• Nalankilli
• Killivalavan
• Perunarkilli
• Kocengannan
• Nalluruththiran

Chola emperors (848 – 1279 AD)

Velir dynasties (c. 300 BCE – 1200 CE)

Main article: Velirs

Major dynasties of Velir are-

• Vēl Pāri
• Ilanji Vel
• Irunkōvēl
• Athiyamān
• Malayamān
• Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri
• Athiyamān Nedumān Añci
• Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan

Ay dynasty (Velir) (c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)

Main article: Ay dynasty

Early Ay Kings

• Ay Andiran
• Ay Titiyan
• Ay Atiyan

Medieval Ay Kings

• Chadayan Karunanthan
• Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856–884 CE)
• Vikramaditya Varaguna (r. 884–911 CE)

Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE)

List of Pallava kings

Middle Kingdoms (200s BC – 550s AD)

Main article: Middle kingdoms of India

Satavahana dynasty (c. 228 BCE – 224 CE)

Satavahana kings

Kingdom of Kalinga (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)

Mahameghavahana dynasty:

• Maharaja Vasu
• King Mahamegha Vahana
• Sobhanaraja
• Chandraja
• Ksemaraja
• Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
• Kharavela (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)^[4][5]
• Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll
• Vaduka
• Galaveya
• Mana-Sada
• Siri-Sada
• Maha-Sada
• Sivamaka-Sada
• Asaka-Sada

Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200s BCE –1950 CE)

List of Manipuri kings

Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)

The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:

• Amoghabhuti (late 2nd to early 1st century BCE)

Indo-Greek Kingdom (Yavanarajya) (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE)

List of Indo-Greek Kings

Indo-Scythian (Saka) ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)

List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers

Kushan Empire (c. 1 – 375 CE)

List of Kushan emperors

Indo-Parthian (Pahalava) (c. 21 – 100 CE)

List of Indo-Parthian kings

Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE)

List of Indo-Sasanian kings

Alchon Huns (Huna) (c. 400 – 670 CE)

List of Alchon Hun Kings

Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

• Chutukulananda
• Mulananda
• Sivalananda

Khokhra chieftaincy (c. 64–1952 CE)

List of Nagvanshi chiefs

Kingdom of Padmavati (c. 170–350 CE)

Kings of Padmavati

Chandra dynasty (c. 202–1050 CE)

Main articles: Chandra dynasty § History, and Harikela

List of rulers–^[6][7]

List of Chandra dynasty Rulers

#	King	Period	Reign (CE)
1	Chandrodaya	27	202–229
2	Annaveta	5	229–234
3	Chandra	77	234–311
4	Rimbhiappa	23	311–334
5	Kuverami (Queen)	7	334–341
6	Umavira	20	341–361
7	Jugna	7	361–368
8	Lanki	2	368–370
9	Dvenchandra	55	370–425
10	Rajachandra	20	425–445
11	Kalachandra	9	445–454
12	Devachandra	22	454–476
13	Yajnachandra	7	476–483
14	Chandrabandu	6	483–489
15	Bhumichandra	7	489–496
16	Bhutichandra	24	496–520
17	Nitichandra	55	520–575
18	Virachandra	3	575–578
19	Pritichandra	12	578-90
20	Prithvichandra	7	590–597
21	Dhirtichandra	3	597–600
22	Mahavira	12	600-12
23	Virayajap	12	612-24
24	Sevinren	12	624-36
25	Dharmasura	13	636-49
26	Vajrashakti	16	649-65
27	Dharmavijaya	36	665–701
28	Narendravijaya	2 yr 9 months	701–703
29	Dharmachandra	16	703–720
30	Anandachandra	9+	720-729+
Harikela Dynasty
1	Traillokyachandra	30	900–930
2	Srichandra	45	930–975
3	Kalyanachandra	25	975–1000
4	Ladahachandra	20	1000–1020
5	Govindachandra	30	1020–1050

Abhira dynasty of Nasik (203–370 CE)

Main article: Abhira dynasty

The following is the list of the sovereign and strong Abhira rulers:^[8]

• Abhira Sivadatta
• Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
• Abhira Ishwarsena alias Mahaksatrapa Isvaradatta
• Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena

Second Magadha Empire (c. 240 – 750 CE)

Main article: Gupta Empire

Imperial Guptas

Ruler		Reign
Srigupta		240–290
Ghatotkacha		290–320
Chandragupta I		320–325
Samudragupta		325–375
Kacha		4th-century
Ramagupta		375–380
Chandragupta II Vikramaditya		380–415
Kumaragupta I		415–455
Skandagupta		455–467
Purugupta		467–472
Kumaragupta II Kramaditya		472–479
Buddhagupta		479–496
Narasimhagupta Baladitya		496–530
Kumaragupta III		530–540
Vishnugupta Candraditya		540–550
Bhanugupta		?

Later Guptas (c. 490 – 750 CE)

Main article: Later Gupta dynasty

The genealogy of Later Gupta rulers regin is disputed, this list is approx to there original regin:^[9][10]

List of Later Gupta dynasty rulers

Nu.	King	Reign (CE)
1	Krishna-gupta	c. 490–505
2	Harsha-gupta	c. 505–525
3	Jivita-gupta I	c. 525–550
4	Kumara-gupta	c. 550–560
5	Damodara-gupta	c. 560–562
6	Mahasena-gupta	c. 562–601
7	Madhava-gupta	c. 601–655
8	Aditya-sena	c. 655–680
9	Deva-gupta	c. 680–700
10	Vishnu-gupta	c. 700–725
11	Jivita-gupta II	c. 725–750

Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)

Main article: Vakataka dynasty

Ruler		Reign	Capital
Vindhyashakti		250-275	Vatsagulma
Pravarasena I		275-330	Vatsagulma
Rudrasena I		330-360	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)]
Sarvasena I		330-355	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Vindhyasena		355-400	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Prithivishena I		360-385	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Rudrasena II		385-390	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Regency of Prabhavatigupta (390-410)
Divakarasena		390-410	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Pravarasena II		400-415	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Damodarasena		410-420	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Sarvasena II		415-455	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Pravarasena II		430-440	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Narendrasena		440-460	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Devasena		455-480	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Prithivishena II		460-480	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Harishena		480-510	Vatsagulma (Southern)

Aulikara dynasty (c. 300 – 550 CE)

Main article: Aulikaras

Rulers of First Aulikara dynasty-

• Jayavarma
• Simhavarma
• Naravarma
• Vishvavarma
• Bandhuvarma

Rulers of Second Aulikara dynasty-

• Drumavardhana
• Jayavardhana
• Ajitavardhana
• Vibhishanavardhana
• Rajyavardhana
• Prakashadharma
• Yashodharman (c. 515–545 CE)

Kadamba dynasties (345 – 1310 CE)

Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi (c. 345 – 540 CE)

Main article: Kadamba dynasty

Banavasi branch rulers-

• Mayurasharma (345–365)
• Kangavarma (365–390)
• Bhageerath (390–415)
• Raghu (415–435)
• Kakusthavarma (435–455)
• Santivarma (455–460)
• Shiva Mandhatri (460–475)
• Mrigeshavarma (475–485)
• Ravivarma (485–519)
• Harivarma (519–530)

Triparvatha branch rulers-

• Krishna Varma I (455–475)
• Vishnuvarma (475–485)
• Simhavarma (485–516)
• Krishna Varma II (516–540)

Kadamba dynasty of Goa (960 – 1345 CE)

Main article: Kadambas of Goa

• Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya(c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty
• Nagavarma
• Guhalladeva I
• Shashathadeva II
• Guhalladeva II (1038–1042)
• Veeravarmadeva (1042–1054)
• Jayakeshi I (1054–1080)
• Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla(1080–1125)
• Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka, (ruling prince up to 1104)
• Jayakeshi II(1125–1148)
• Shivachitta alis Paramadideva (1148–1179)
• Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II(1179–1187)
• Jayakeshi III (1188–1216)
• Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?)
• Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?)
• Shashthadeva III(?1246–1265)
• Kamadeva(1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty

Kadamba dynasty of Hangal (980 – 1275 CE)

Main article: Kadambas of Hangal

known rulers are-

• Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty
• Kamadeva
• Somadeva
• Mayuravarma

Other minor Kadamba Kingdoms

Kadambas of Halasi

Kadambas of Bankapur

Kadambas of Bayalnad

Kadambas of Nagarkhanda

Kadambas of Uchchangi

Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)

Varman dynasty of Kamarupa (350–650 CE)

Main articles: Varman dynasty and Kamarupa

The dynastic line, as given in the Dubi and Nidhanpur copperplate inscriptions:^[11]

	Reign	Name	succession	Queen
1	350-374	Pushyavarman		(unknown)
2	374-398	Samudravarman	son of Pushyavarman	Dattadevi
3	398-422	Balavarman	son of Samudravarman	Ratnavati
4	422-446	Kalyanavarman	son of Balavarman	Gandharavati
5	446-470	Ganapativarman	son of Kalyanavarman	Yajnavati
6	470-494	Mahendravarman	son of Ganapativarman	Suvrata
7	494-518	Narayanavarman	son of Mahendravarman	Devavati
8	518-542	Bhutivarman	son of Narayanavarman	Vijnayavati
9	542-566	Chandramukhavarman	son of Bhutivarman	Bhogavati
10	566-590	Sthitavarman	son of Chandramukhavarman	Nayanadevi
11	590-595	Susthitavarman	son of Sthitavarman	Syamadevi
12	595-600	Supratisthitavarman	son of Susthitavarman	(Bachelor)
13	600-650	Bhaskaravarman	brother of Supratisthitavarman	(Bachelor)
14	650-655	Avanti Varman	(unknown)	(unknown)

Ganga dynasty (350–1424 CE)

Main articles: Western Ganga dynasty and Eastern Ganga dynasty

Ruler		Reign	Capital
Konganivarma Madhava I		350-370	Talakad (Western)
Madhava II		370-390	Talakad (Western)
Harivarman		390-410	Talakad (Western)
Vishnugopa		410-430	Talakad (Western)
Madhava III Tadangala		430-469	Talakad (Western)
Avinita		469-529	Talakad (Western)
Indravarman I		498-537	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Durvinita		529-579	Talakad (Western)
Samantavarman		537-562	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Hastivarman		562-578	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Indravarman II		578-589	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Mushkara		579-604	Talakad (Western)
Danarnava		589-652	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Polavira		604-629	Talakad (Western)
Indravarman III		652-682	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Srivikrama		629-654	Talakad (Western)
Bhuvikrama		654-679	Talakad (Western)
Shivamara I		679-725	Talakad (Western)
Gunarnava		682-730	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Sripurusha		725-788	Talakad (Western)
Devendravarman I		730-780	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Anantavarman I		780-812	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Shivamara II		788-816	Talakad (Western)|-bgcolor=#eca	Rajendravarman		812-840	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rachamalla I		817-853	Talakad (Western)
Devendravarman II		840-895	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Neetimarga I Ereganga		853-869	Talakad (Western)
Rachamalla II		869-907	Talakad (Western)
Gunamaharnava I		895-910	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Neetimarga II Ereyappa		907-921	Talakad (Western)
Vajrahasta-Anangabhimadeva I		910-939	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Narasimha I		921-933	Talakad (Western)
Rachamalla III		933-938	Talakad (Western)
Butuga		938-961	Talakad (Western)	Ruled jointly, in 949.
Takkolam		949	Talakad (Western)
Gundama I		939-942	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Kamarnava I		942-977	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Neetimarga III Marulaganga		961-963	Talakad (Western)
Narasimha II		963-975	Talakad (Western)
Rachamalla IV		975-986	Talakad (Western)
Vinayaditya		977-980	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Vajrahasta II		980-1015	Dantapuram (Eastern
Rachamalla V		986-999	Talakad (Western)
Neetimarga IV Permanadi		999	Talakad (Western)
Annexed to the Chola Empire
Kamarnava II		1015	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Gundama II		1015-1018	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Madhukamarnava		1018-1038	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Vajrahasta III		1038-1070	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rajarajadeva I		1070-1078	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Anantavarman II Chodaganga		1078-1150	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Jatesvaradeva		1150-1156	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Raghavadeva		1156-1170	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rajarajadeva II		1170-1178	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Anangabhimadeva II		1178-1198	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rajarajadeva III		1198-1211	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Anangabhimadeva III		1211-1238	Kataka (Eastern)
Narasinghadeva I		1238-1264	Kataka (Eastern)
Bhanudeva I		1264-1279	Kataka (Eastern)
Narasinghadeva II		1279-1306	Kataka (Eastern)
Bhanudeva II		1306-1328	Kataka (Eastern)
Narasinghadeva III		1328-1352	Kataka (Eastern)
Bhanudeva III		1352-1378	Kataka (Eastern)
Narasinghadeva IV		1378-1424	Kataka (Eastern)
Bhanudeva IV		1424-1434	Kataka (Eastern)
Annexed to the Gajapati Kingdom

Other minor Ganga states

Gudari Kataka Ganga State

Main article: Gudari, Rayagada

According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.^[12]

• Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
• Svarna Bhanu
• Kalasandha Deva
• Chudanga Deva
• Harimani Deva
• Narasimha Deva
• Ananta Deva
• Padmanabha Deva
• Pitambara Deva
• Vasudeva
• Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)

Chikiti Ganga State (c. 881–1950 CE)

Main article: Chikiti

Historians conclude that the rulers of Chikiti were from the line of Ganga ruler Hastivarman.^[13][14]

• Kesaba Rautara (or Bira Karddama Singha Rautara) (881–940)
• Balabhadra Rautara (941–997)
• Madhaba Rautara (998–1059)
• Languli Rautara (1060–1094)
• Mohana Rautara (1095–1143)
• Balarama Rautara (1144–1197)
• Biswanatha Rautara (1198–1249)
• Harisarana Rautara (1250–1272)
• Raghunatha Rautara (1273–1313)
• Dinabandhu Rautara (1314–1364)
• Gopinatha Rautara (1365–1417)
• Ramachandra Rautara (1418–1464)
• Narayana Rautara (1465–1530)
• Narasingha Rautara (1531–1583)
• Lokanatha Rautara (1584–1633)
• Jadumani Rautara (1634–1691)
• Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)
• Kulamani Rajendra Deba (1737–1769)
• Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)
• Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)
• Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)
• Kulamani Rajendra Deba (1832–1835)
• Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)
• Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)
• Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)
• Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)
• Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923)
• Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba (1923–1934)
• Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba (1934–1950)

Parlakhemundi Ganga State (c. 1309–1950)

Main article: Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers

Parlakhemundi state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers of Odisha.^[15][16]

• Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
• Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
• Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
• Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
• Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
• Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
• Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
• Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
• Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
• Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
• Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
• Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
• Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
• Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
• Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
• Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
• Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
• Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
• Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)
• Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
• Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
• Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II (1736–1771)
• Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
• Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
• Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
• Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
• Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
• Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1913–1950)
• Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1950 – 25 May 1974), titular
• Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo (25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020), titular
• Kalyani Gajapati (10 January 2020–present), titular

Traikutaka dynasty (c. 370–520 CE)

Main article: Traikutaka dynasty

The following Traikuta rulers are known from the coins and inscriptions of Gupta Empire:^[17]

• Maharaja Indradatta (415–440 CE)
• Maharaja Dahrasena
• Maharaja Vyaghrasena, son of Dahrasena (480 CE)
• Maharaja Madhyamasena
• Vikramasena

Vishnukundina dynasty (c. 420–624 CE)

Main article: Vishnukundina dynasty

• Madhava Varma I (420–455)
• Indra Varma (455–461)
• Madhava Verma II (461–508)
• Vikramendra Varma I (508–528)
• Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–580)
• Janssraya Madhava Varma IV (580–624)^[18][19]

Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)

Main article: Maitraka dynasty

• Bhatarka (c. 475–492)
• Dharasena I (c. 493–499)
• Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–520)
• Dhruvasena I (c. 520–550)
• Dharapatta (c. 550–556)
• Guhasena (c. 556–570)
• Dharasena II (c. 570–595)
• Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–615)
• Kharagraha I (c. 615–626)
• Dharasena III (c. 626–640)
• Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–644)
• Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–651)
• Dhruvasena III (c. 651–656)
• Kharagraha II (c. 656–662)
• Siladitya II
• Siladitya III
• Siladitya IV
• Siladitya V
• Siladitya VI
• Siladitya VII (c. 766 CE)^[20]

Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)

Main article: Rai dynasty

• Rai Diwa ji (Devaditya)
• Rai Sahiras (Shri Harsha)
• Rai Sahasi (Sinhasena)
• Rai Sahiras II, died battling the King of Nimroz
• Rai Sahasi II, the last of the line

Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE)

Main articles: Chalukya dynasty, Eastern Chalukyas, Chalukyas of Vemulavada, and Western Chalukya Empire

Ruler		Reign	Capital
Jayasimha I		500–520	Badami
Ranaraga		520–540	Badami
Pulakeshin I		540–567	Badami
Kirtivarman I		567–592	Badami
Mangalesha		592–610	Badami
Pulakeshin II		610–642	Badami
Kubja Vishnuvardhana I		615/24–641	Vengi (Eastern)
Jayasimha I (II)		641–673	Vengi (Eastern)|
Adityavarman		642–645	Badami
Abhinavaditya		645–646	Badami
Chandraditya		646–649	Badami
Regency of Vijaya-Bhattarika (649-655)			Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
A son of Chandraditya		649-655		Badami
Satyashraya		c.650-675	Vemulavada
Vikramaditya I		655–680	Badami
Indra Bhattaraka		673	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana II		673–682	Vengi (Eastern)
Prithvipathi		c.675-700	Vemulavada
Vinayaditya		680–696	Badami
Mangi Yuvaraja		682–706	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya I		696–733	Badami
Maharaja		c.700-725	Vemulavada
Jayasimha III		706–718	Vengi (Eastern)
Kokkli		718–719	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana III		719–755	Vengi (Eastern)
Rajaditya		c.725-750	Vemulavada
Vikramaditya II		733–746	Badami
Kirtivarman II Rahappa		746- 757	Badami
Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I		c.750-775	Vemulavada
Vijayaditya I (II)		755–772	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana IV		755–808	Vengi (Eastern)
Arikesari I		c.775-800	Vemulavada
Narasimha I		c.800-825	Vemulavada
Vijayaditya II (III)		808–847	Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II		c.825-850	Vemulavada
Kali Vishnuvardhana V		847–849	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya III (IV)	849–892	Vengi (Eastern)	Brothers, ruled together.
Vikramaditya I (III)				Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla I				Vengi (Eastern)
Baddega I Soladaganda		c.850-895	Vemulavada
Bhima I		892–921	Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla III		c.895-915	Vemulavada
Narasimha II		c.915-930	Vemulavada
Vijayaditya IV (V)		921	Vengi (Eastern)
Amma I		921–927	Vengi (Eastern)	Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vishnuvardhana VI			Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya V (VI)		927	Vengi (Eastern)
Tadapa		927	Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya II (IV)		927–928	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima II		928–929	Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II		929–935	Vengi (Eastern)
Arikesari II		c.930-941	Vemulavada
Bhima III		935–947	Vengi (Eastern)
Baddega II		941-946	Vemulavada	Ruled jointly.
Vagaraja		941-950	Vemulavada
Arikesari III		946/950-968	Vemulavada
Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire
Amma II		947–970	Vengi (Eastern)
Danarnava		970–973	Vengi (Eastern)|- bgcolor=#bda	Tailapa II Ahvamalla		973–997	Kalyani (Western)
Jata Choda Bhima		973–999	Vengi (Eastern)
Satyashraya		997–1008	Kalyani (Western)
Shaktivarman I		999–1011	Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya V		1008–1015	Kalyani (Western)
Vimaladitya		1011–1018	Vengi (Eastern)
Jayasimha II (III)		1015–1043	Kalyani (Western)
Rajaraja Narendra		1018–1061	Vengi (Eastern)
Rajaraja had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western Chalukyas. His own son managed to succeed in the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I, beginning the Later Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola, which inherited Narendra's kingdom. It's possible, then, that the following rulers were governors for the Chola Emperor ruling Eastern Chalukya territory: Shaktivarman II (1061-1062); Vijayaditya VII (1062-1075), also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended with support from Western Chalukyas. Rajaraja (1075-1079) Vishuvardhana VII (1079-1102), last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
Annexed to the Chola Empire (1061-1118); Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire (since 1118)
Someshvara I Trilokyamalla		1042–1068	Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla		1068–1076	Kalyani (Western)
Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla		1076–1126	Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara III		1126–1138	Kalyani (Western)
Jagadhekamalla II		1138–1151	Kalyani (Western)
Tailapa III		1151–1164	Kalyani (Western)
Jagadhekamalla III		1164–1183	Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara IV		1183–1200	Kalyani (Western)
Annexed to the Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasties

Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE)

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties) from:

• Turk Shahi (c. 500–850 CE)
• Hindu Shahi (c. 850–1026 CE)

Turk Shahi dynasty (c. 500–850 CE)

Main article: Turk Shahi

• Nandin Rulers of Gilgit (500–552)
• Khingala of Kapisa (535–552)
• Patoladeva / Navasurendradiyta (552–575)
• Srideva / Surendra Vikrmadiyta (575–605)
• Patoladeva / Vajraditya (605–645)
• Barha Tegin (645–680)
• Tegin Sha (680–739)
• Fromo Kesar / Gesar (739–755)

Hindu Shahi dynasty (c. 850–1026 CE)

Main article: Hindu Shahi

• Samantadeva Kallar / Lalliya (850–895), first ruler of dynasty
• Kamalavarmadeva / Kamaluka (895–921)
• Bhimadeva (921–964)
• Ishtthapala (ruled 8 months)
• Jayapala (964–1001)
• Anandapala (1001–1010)
• Trilochanapala (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)
• Bhimapala (died in 1022–1026), last ruler of dynasty

Pushyabhuti dynasty (c. 500 – 647 CE)

Main article: Pushyabhuti dynasty

Rulers-

List of Pushyabhuti dynasty rulers

Ruler	Reign (CE)
Pushyabhuti	~500
Nāravardhana	500–525
Rājyavardhana I	525–555
Ādityvardhana	555–580
Prabhākaravardhana	580–605
Rājyavardhana II	605–606
Harṣavardhana	606–647

Jaintia Kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE)

Main article: Jaintia Kingdom

Old dynasty

1. Urmi Rani (?-550)
2. Krishak Pator (550–570)
3. Hatak (570–600)
4. Guhak (600–630)

Partitioned Jaintia

1. Jayanta (630–660)
2. Joymalla (660-?)
3. Mahabal (?)
4. Bancharu (?-1100)
5. Kamadeva (1100–1120)
6. Bhimbal (1120)

Brahmin dynasty

1. Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
2. Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
3. Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
4. Manik Rai (1170–1193)
5. Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
6. Jayanti Devi
7. Bara Gossain

New dynasty

1. Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
2. Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
3. Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
4. Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
5. Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
6. Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
7. Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
8. Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
9. Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
10. Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
11. Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
12. Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
13. Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
14. Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
15. Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
16. Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
17. Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
18. Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
19. Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780–1785)
20. Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
21. Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786–1790)
22. Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
23. Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)^[21][22]

Early Medieval Period (c. 550s CE – c. 1200s CE)

Kalachuri dynasties (c. 550 – 1225 CE)

Kalachuri dynasty of Mahishmati/Malwa (Early Kalachuris) (c. 550 – 625 CE)

Main article: Kalachuri dynasty

The following are the known rulers of the Kalachuri dynasty of Malwa with their estimated reigns (IAST names in brackets):^[23]

• Krishnaraja (Kṛṣṇarāja) (r. c. 550–575 CE)
• Shankaragana (Śaṃkaragaṇa) (r. c. 575–600 CE)
• Buddharaja (Buddharāja) (r. c. 600–625 CE)

Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri/Chedi (Later Kalachuris) (c. 675 – 1212 CE)

Main article: Kalachuris of Tripuri

Rulers-

• Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty
• Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)
• Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)
• Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the Ratnapura Kalachuri branch
• Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga
• Balaharsha (910–915 CE)
• Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)
• Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)
• Shankaragana III (970–980 CE)
• Yuvaraja-deva II (980–990 CE)
• Kokalla II (990–1015 CE)
• Gangeya-deva (1015–1041 CE)
• Lakshmi-karna (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna
• Yashah-karna (1073–1123 CE)
• Gaya-karna (1123–1153 CE)
• Nara-simha (1153–1163 CE)
• Jaya-simha (1163–1188 CE)
• Vijaya-simha (1188–1210 CE)
• Trailokya-malla (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler^[24]

Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000 – 1225 CE)

Main article: Kalachuris of Ratnapura

The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:^[25]

• Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty
• Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
• Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
• Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
• Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
• Ratna-Deva II (1120–1135 CE)
• Prithvi-deva II (1135–1165 CE)
• Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
• Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
• Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
• Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
• Parmardi Dev (governor of Eastern Gangas)

Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (Southern Kalachuris) (c. 1130 – 1184 CE)

Main article: Kalachuris of Kalyani

Rulers-

• Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
• Sovideva (1168–1176)
• Mallugi, overthrown by his brother Sankama
• Sankama (1176–1180)
• Ahavamalla (1180–83)
• Singhana (1183–84), last ruler

Patola/Gilgit Shahi dynasty (c. 550 – 750 CE)

Main article: Patola Shahis

Regin of known rulers is disputed-^[26][27]

• Somana (Mid 6th century CE)
• Vajraditayanandin (585–605 CE)
• Vikramadityanandin (605–625 CE)
• Surendravikramadityanandin (625–644 or 654 CE)
• Navasurendrāditya-nandin (644 or 654–685 CE)
• Jayamaṅgalavikramāditya-nandin (685–710 CE)
• Nandivikramadityanandin (710–715 CE)
• Su-fu-che-li-chi-li-ni (name by foreign sources) (715–720 CE)
• Surendradityanandin (720–740 or 750 CE), last known ruler

Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550 – 1036 CE)

Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty

Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (Mandor) (c. 550 – 860 CE)

Main article: Pratiharas of Mandavyapura

R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.

• Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty
• Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
• Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
• Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
• Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
• Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
• Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
• Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
• Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
• Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
• Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
• Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
• Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler

Imperial Pratiharas of Kannauj (c. 730 – 1036 CE)

Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty

List of rulers–

List of Imperial Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rulers

Serial No.	Ruler	Reign (CE)
1	Nagabhata I	730–760
2	Kakustha and Devaraja	760–780
3	Vatsaraja	780–800
4	Nagabhata II	800–833
5	Ramabhadra	833–836
6	Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I	836–885
7	Mahendrapala I	885–910
8	Bhoja II	910–913
9	Mahipala I	913–944
10	Mahendrapala II	944–948
11	Devapala	948–954
12	Vinayakapala	954–955
13	Mahipala II	955–956
14	Vijayapala II	956–960
15	Rajapala	960–1018
16	Trilochanapala	1018–1027
17	Yasahpala	1024–1036

Other Pratihara Branches

Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE)

Known Baddoch rulers are-

• Dhaddha 1 (600–627)
• Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
• Jaibhatta (655–700)

Rajogarh Branch

Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

• Parmeshver Manthandev, (885–915)
• No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev

Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasties (c. 551 – 1315 CE)

Main articles: Chauhan (disambiguation) and Chahamanas (disambiguation)

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included–

• Chahamanas of Shakambhari (Chauhans of Ajmer) (c. 551 – 1194 CE)
• Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol) (c. 950 – 1197 CE)
• Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
• Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari
• Chahamanas of Chandravati and Abu (Kingdom of Sirohi) (c. 1311 – 1949 CE)
• Chahamanas of Lata
• Chahamanas of Dholpur
• Chahamanas of Partabgarh
• Hada Chauhan kingdoms of Hadoti region are–
  • Kingdom of Bundi (c. 1342 – 1949 CE)
  • Kingdom of Kota (c. 1579 – 1948 CE)
  • Kingdom of Jhalawar (c. 1838 – 1949 CE), branched off from the Kingdom of Kota in 1838 CE.

Chahamanas of Sambhar Ajmer and Delhi (c. 551 – 1194 CE)

Main article: Chahamanas of Shakambhari

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:^[28]

Serial no.	Regnal names	Reign (CE)
1	Chahamana	(mythical)
2	Vasu-deva	c. 551 CE (disputed)
3	Samanta-raja	684–709
4	Nara-deva	709–721
5	Ajaya-raja I	721–734
6	Vigraha-raja I	734–759
7	Chandra-raja I	759–771
8	Gopendra-raja	771–784
9	Durlabha-raja I	784–809
10	Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I	809–836
11	Chandra-raja II	836–863
12	Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II	863–890
13	Chandana-raja	890–917
14	Vakpati-raja	917–944
15	Simha-raja	944–971
16	Vigraha-raja II	971–998
17	Durlabha-raja II	998–1012
18	Govinda-raja III	1012–1026
19	Vakpati-raja II	1026–1040
20	Viryarama	1040 (few months)
21	Chamunda-raja	1040–1065
22	Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala	1065–1070
23	Vigraha-raja III alias Visala	1070–1090
24	Prithvi-raja I	1090–1110
25	Ajaya-raja II	1110–1135
26	Arno-raja alias Ana	1135–1150
27	Jagad-deva	1150
28	Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva	1150–1164
29	Apara-gangeya	1164–1165
30	Prithvi-raja II	1165–1169
31	Someshvara	1169–1178
32	Prithviraja III Rai Pithora	1177–1192
33	Govinda-raja IV	1192–1193
34	Hari-raja	1193–1194

Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950 – 1197 CE)

Main article: Chahamanas of Naddula

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

List of Chauhan rulers of Naddula

Serial no.	Kings	Reign (CE)
1	Lakshmana	950–982
2	Shobhita	982–986
3	Baliraja	986–990
4	Vigrahapala	990–994
5	Mahindra	994–1015
6	Ashvapala	1015–1019
7	Ahila	1019–1024
8	Anahilla	1024–1055
9	Balaprasada	1055–1070
10	Jendraraja	1070–1080
11	Prithvipala	1080–1090
12	Jojalladeva	1090–1110
13	Asharaja	1110–1119
14	Ratnapala	1119–1132
15	Rayapala	1132–1145
16	Katukaraja	1145–1148
17	Alhanadeva	1148–1163
18	Kelhanadeva	1163–1193
19	Jayatasimha	1193–1197

Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE)

Main article: Chahamanas of Jalor

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:^[29]

Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 21⁄2 days later.^[30][31]

List of Chauhan rulers of Jalor

Serial no.	Kings	Reign (CE)
1	Kirti-pala	1160–1182
2	Samara-simha	1182–1204
3	Udaya-simha	1204–1257
4	Chachiga-deva	1257–1282
5	Samanta-simha	1282–1305
6	Kanhada-deva	1292–1311
7	Virama-deva	1311

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE)

Main article: Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura

List of Chauhan rulers of Ranastambhapura

Serial no.	Kings	Reign (CE)
1	Govinda-raja	1192
2	Balhana-deva
3	Prahlada-deva
4	Viranarayana
5	Vagabhata
6	Jaitra-simha
7	Shakti-deva
8	Hammira-deva	1283–1311

Kingdom of Mewar (c. 566 – 1947 CE)

Main article: Kingdom of Mewar

In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day Rajasthan:

1. Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar– most important branch and future ruling dynasty of Mewar.
2. Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur)
3. Guhilas of Dhavagarta (modern Dhor)

Guhila dynasty (c. 566 – 1303 CE)

Main articles: Guhila dynasty and Gahlot

List of Guhila dynasty rulers

Nu.	King (Rawal)	Reign (CE)
1	Rawal Guhil	566–586
2	Rawal Bhoj	586–606
3	Rawal Mahendra I	606–626
4	Rawal Naga (Nagaditya)	626–646
5	Rawal Shiladitya	646–661
6	Rawal Aprajeet	661–688
7	Rawal Mahendra II	688–716
8	Bappa Rawal	728–753
9	Rawal Khuman I	753–773
10	Rawal Mattat	773–793
11	Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I	793–813
12	Rawal Sinh	813–828
13	Rawal Khuman II	828–853
14	Rawal Mahayak	853–878
15	Rawal Khuman III	878–926
16	Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II	926–951
17	Rawal Allat	951–971
18	Rawal Narwahan	971–973
19	Rawal Saliwahan	973–977
20	Rawal Shakti Kumar	977–993
21	Rawal Amba Prasad	993–1007
22	Rawal Shuchivarma	1007–1021
23	Rawal Narvarma	1021–1035
24	Rawal Keertivarma	1035–1051
25	Rawal Yograj	1051–1068
26	Rawal Vairath	1068–1088
27	Rawal Hanspal	1088–1103
28	Rawal Vair Singh	1103–1107
29	Rawal Vijai Singh	1107–1116
30	Rawal Ari Singh I	1116–1138
31	Rawal Chaudh Singh	1138–1148
32	Rawal Vikram Singh	1148–1158
33	Rawal Ran Singh	1158–1168
Post-split Rawal branch rulers
34	Rawal Khshem Singh	1168–1172
35	Rawal Samant Singh	1172–1179
36	Rawal Kumar Singh	1179–1191
37	Rawal Mathan Singh	1191–1211
38	Rawal Padam Singh	1211–1213
39	Rawal Jaitra Singh	1213–1252
40	Rawal Tej Singh	1252–1273
41	Rawal Samar Singh	1273–1302
42	Rawal Ratan Singh	1302–1303

Branching of Guhil dynasty

During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.

First (Rawal Branch)

Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.

Second (Rana Branch)

Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.

Rana branch rulers (c. 1168 – 1326 CE)

"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:

List of Rana branch rulers

Nu.	King (Rana)	Reign (CE)
1	Rahapa/Karna	1168 CE
2	Narapati
3	Dinakara
4	Jasakarna
5	Nagapala
6	Karnapala
7	Bhuvanasimha
8	Bhimasimha
9	Jayasimha
10	Lakhanasimha
11	Arisimha
12	Hammir Singh	1326 CE

Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326 – 1947 CE)

Main articles: Sisodia dynasty and List of ranas of Mewar

Picture	King (Maharana)	Reign
	Hammir Singh	1326–1364
	Kshetra Singh	1364–1382
	Lakha Singh	1382–1421
	Mokal Singh	1421–1433
	Rana Kumbha	1433–1468
	Udai Singh I	1468–1473
	Rana Raimal	1473–1508
	Rana Sanga	1508–1527
	Ratan Singh II	1528–1531
	Vikramaditya Singh	1531–1536
	Vanvir Singh	1536–1540
	Udai Singh II	1540–1572
	Maharana Pratap	1572–1597
	Amar Singh I	1597–1620
	Karan Singh II	1620–1628
	Jagat Singh I	1628–1652
	Raj Singh I	1652–1680
	Jai Singh	1680–1698
	Amar Singh II	1698–1710
	Sangram Singh II	1710–173
	Jagat Singh II	1734–1751
	Pratap Singh II	1751–1754
	Raj Singh II	1754–1762
	Ari Singh II	1762–1772
	Hamir Singh II	1772–1778
	Bhim Singh	1778–1828
	Jawan Singh	1828–1838
	Sardar Singh	1838–1842
	Swarup Singh	1842–1861
	Shambhu Singh	1861–1874
	Sajjan Singh	1874–1884
	Fateh Singh	1884–1930
	Bhupal Singh	1930–1948 1948-1955 (titular)
	Titular Maharanas
	Bhagwat Singh	1955–1984
	Mahendra Singh	1984–present

Gauda Kingdom (c. 590 – 626 CE)

Main article: Gauda Kingdom

• Shashanka (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
• Manava (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardhana and Bhaskarvarman

Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)

Main articles: Karkota dynasty and Kashmir

• Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
• Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
• Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
• Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
• Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir)
• Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
• Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
• Prithivyapida I (768–772)
• Sangramapida (772–779)
• Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
• Lalitapida (813–825)
• Sangramapida II (825–832)
• Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)

Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are

• Ajitapida
• Anangapida
• Utpalapida
• Sukhavarma

Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)

Main article: Brahman dynasty of Sindh

The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:^[32]

• Chach (632–671 CE)
• Chandar (671–679 CE)
• Dahir (679–712 CE)

Under the Umayyad Caliphate

• Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from Brahmanabad
• Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
• Shishah (until 724 CE)

Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)

Main articles: Mlechchha dynasty and Kamarupa

• Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
• Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
• Palaka
• Kumara
• Vajradeva
• Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
• Balavarman II
• Jivaraja
• Digleswaravarman
• Salambha^[33]
• Harjjaravarman (815–832)
• Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
• Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
• Balavarman III (860–880)
• Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty

Garhwal Kingdom (c. 688–1949 CE)

Main article: Garhwal Kingdom

Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.^[34][35]

Rulers of Garhwal - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs

No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned	No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned	No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned
1	Kanak Pal	688–699	11	21	Vikram Pal	1116–1131	15	41	Vijay Pal	1426–1437	11
2	Shyam Pal	699–725	26	22	Vichitra Pal	1131–1140	9	42	Sahaj Pal	1437–1473	36
3	Pandu Pal	725–756	31	23	Hans Pal	1141–1152	11	43	Bahadur Shah	1473–1498	25
4	Abhijat Pal	756–780	24	24	Som Pal	1152–1159	7	44	Man Shah	1498–1518	20
5	Saugat Pal	781–800	19	25	Kadil Pal	1159–1164	5	45	Shyam Shah	1518–1527	9
6	Ratna Pal	800–849	49	26	Kamadev Pal	1172–1179	7	46	Mahipat Shah	1527–1552	25
7	Shali Pal	850–857	7	27	Sulakshan Dev	1179–1197	18	47	Prithvi Shah	1552–1614	62
8	Vidhi Pal	858–877	19	28	Lakhan Dev	1197–1220	23	48	Medini Shah	1614–1660	46
9	Madan Pal	877–894	17	29	Anand Pal II	1220–1241	21	49	Fateh Shah	1660–1708	48
10	Bhakti Pal	895–919	24	30	Purva Dev	1241–1260	19	50	Upendra Shah	1708–1709	1
11	Jayachand Pal	920–948	28	31	Abhay Dev	1260–1267	7	51	Pradip Shah	1709–1772	63
12	Prithvi Pal	949–971	22	32	Jayaram Dev	1267–1290	23	52	Lalit Shah	1772–1780	8
13	Medinisen Pal	972–995	23	33	Asal Dev	1290–1299	9	53	Jayakrit Shah	1780–1786	6
14	Agasti Pal	995–1014	19	34	Jagat Pal	1299–1311	12	54	Pradyumna Shah	1786–1804	18
15	Surati Pal	1015–1036	21	35	Jit Pal	1311–1330	19	55	Sudarshan Shah	1804–1859	55
16	Jay Pal	1037–1055	18	36	Anant Pal II	1330–1358	28	56	Bhawani Shah	1859–1871	12
17	Anant Pal I	1056–1072	16	37	Ajay Pal	1358–1389	31	57	Pratap Shah	1871–1886	15
18	Anand Pal I	1072–1083	11	38	Kalyan Shah	1389–1398	9	58	Kirti Shah	1886–1913	27
19	Vibhog Pal	1084–1101	17	39	Sundar Pal	1398–1413	15	59	Narendra Shah	1913–1946	33
20	Suvayanu Pal	1102–1115	13	40	Hansadev Pal	1413–1426	13	60	Manabendra Shah	1946–1949	3

Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)

Main article: Mallabhum kingdom

Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.^[36] (also known as Mallabhoom),^[37]

Name of the king^[38]^[39]	Reign
Adi Malla	694–710
Jay Malla	710–720
Benu Malla	720–733
Kinu Malla	733–742
Indra Malla	742–757
Kanu Malla	757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla	764–775
Shur Malla	775–795
Kanak Malla	795–807
Kandarpa Malla	807–828
Sanatan Malla	828–841
Kharga Malla	841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla	862–906
Yadav Malla	906–919
Jagannath Malla	919–931
Birat Malla	931–946
Mahadev Malla	946–977
Durgadas Malla	977–994
Jagat Malla	994–1007
Ananta Malla	1007–1015
Rup Malla	1015–1029
Sundar Malla	1029–1053
Kumud Malla	1053–1074
Krishna Malla	1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla	1084–1097
Prakash Malla	1097–1102
Pratap Malla	1102–1113
Sindur Malla	1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla	1129–1142
Banamali Malla	1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla	1156–1167
Jiban Malla	1167–1185
Ram Malla	1185–1209
Gobinda Malla	1209–1240
Bhim Malla	1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla	1263–1295
Prithwi Malla	1295 -1319
Tapa Malla	1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla	1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla	1345–1358
Shur Malla II	1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla	1370–1407
Madan Malla	1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla	1420–1437
Uday Malla	1437–1460
Chandra Malla	1460–1501
Bir Malla	1501–1554
Dhari Malla	1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)	1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev	1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev	1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev	1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev	1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II	1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev	1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev	1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev	1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II	1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev	1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi	1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev	1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency)	1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur	1930–1947

Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)

Main article: Chand kings

Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following:

King	Reign
Som Chand	700–721
Atm Chand	721–740
Purn Chand	740–758
Indra Chand	758–778
Sansar Chand	778–813
Sudha Chand	813–833
Hamir Chand	833–856
Vina Chand	856–869
Vir Chand	1065–1080
Rup Chand	1080–1093
Laxmi Chand	1093–1113
Dharm Chand	1113–1121
Karm Chand	1121–1140
Ballal Chand	1140–1149
Nami Chand	1149–1170
Nar Chand	1170–1177
Nanaki Chand	1177–1195
Ram Chand	1195–1205
Bhishm Chand	1205–1226
Megh Chand	1226–1233
Dhyan Chand	1233–1251
Parvat Chand	1251–1261
Thor Chand	1261–1275
Kalyan Chand II	1275–1296
Trilok Chand	1296–1303
Damaru Chand	1303–1321
Dharm Chand	1321–1344
Abhay Chand	1344–1374
Garur Gyan Chand	1374–1419
Harihar Chand	1419–1420
Udyan Chand	1420–1421
Atma Chand II	1421–1422
Hari Chand II	1422–1423
Vikram Chand	1423–1437
Bharati Chand	1437–1450
Ratna Chand	1450–1488
Kirti Chand	1488–1503
Pratap Chand	1503–1517
Tara Chand	1517–1533
Manik Chand	1533–1542
Kalyan Chand III	1542–1551
Purna Chand	1551–1555
Bhishm Chand	1555–1560
Balo Kalyan Chand	1560–1568
Rudra Chand	1568–1597
Laxmi Chand	1597–1621
Dilip Chand	1621–1624
Vijay Chand	1624–1625
Trimal Chand	1625–1638
Baz Bahadur Chand	1638–1678
Udyot Chand	1678–1698
Gyan Chand	1698–1708
Jagat Chand	1708–1720
Devi Chand	1720–1726
Ajit Chand	1726–1729
Kalyan Chand V	1729–1747
Deep Chand	1747–1777
Mohan Chand	1777–1779]]
Pradyumn Chand	1779–1786
Mohan Chand	1786–1788
Shiv Chand	1788
Mahendra Chand	1788–1790

Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE)

Main article: Katyuri kings

The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King^[40]

List–

• Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
• Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
• Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
• Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
• Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
• Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
• Istanga (915–930 CE)
• Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
• Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
• Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
• Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
• Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
• Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
• Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
• Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
• Bir Dev (Very short period until 1065 CE)

Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)

Main article: Varman dynasty of Kannauj

• Yashovarman (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
• Āma
• Dunduka
• Bhoja (ruled until 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.^[41]

Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta (c. 735–982 CE)

Main article: Rashtrakuta dynasty

• Dantidurga (735–756 CE), founder of dynasty
• Krishna I (756–774 CE)
• Govinda II (774–780 CE)
• Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793 CE)
• Govinda III (793–814 CE)
• Amoghavarsha I (814–878 CE), he was the founded of Manyakheta city, which became the capital of the dynasty.^[42]
• Krishna II (878–914 CE)
• Indra III (914–929 CE)
• Amoghavarsha II (929–932 CE)
• Govinda IV (930–935 CE)
• Amoghavarsha III (934–939 CE)
• Krishna III (939–967 CE)
• Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972 CE)
• Karka II or Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973 CE)
• Indra IV (973–982 CE), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.

Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE)

Main article: Tomara dynasty

Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:^[43]

• Khadag Rai's history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
• The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).
• Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was Gupta era, which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.

As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.^[44]

List of Tomara rulers according to various sources^[45][46]

#	Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript	Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai	Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript	Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript)	Length of reign
					Years	Months	Days
1	Ananga Pāla	Bilan Dev		736	18	0	0
2	Vasu Deva			754	19	1	18
3	Gangya	Ganggeva		773	21	3	28
4	Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla)	Prathama	Mahi Pāla	794	19	6	19
5	Jaya Deva	Saha Deva	Jadu Pāla	814	20	7	28
6	Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla	Indrajita (I)	Nai Pāla	834	14	4	9
7	Udiraj (or Adereh)	Nara Pāla	Jaya Deva Pāla	849	26	7	11
8	Vijaya (or Vacha)	Indrajita (II)	Chamra Pāla	875	21	2	13
9	Biksha (or Anek)	Vacha Raja	Bibasa Pāla	897	22	3	16
10	Rīksha Pāla	Vira Pāla	Sukla Pāla	919	21	6	5
11	Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla)	Go-Pāla	Teja Pāla	940	20	4	4
12	Go-Pāla	Tillan Dev	Mahi Pāla	961	18	3	15
13	Sallakshana Pāla	Suvari	Sursen	979	25	10	10
14	Jaya Pāla	Osa Pāla	Jaik Pāla	1005	16	4	3
15	Kunwar Pāla	Kumara Pāla		1021	29	9	18
16	Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla)	Ananga Pāla	Anek Pāla	1051	29	6	18
17	Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah)	Teja Pāla	Teja Pāla	1081	24	1	6
18	Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal)	Mahi Pāla	Jyūn Pāla	1105	25	2	23
19	Akr Pāla (or Akhsal)	Mukund Pāla	Ane Pāla	1130	21	2	15
	Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)	Prithvi Pala		1151

Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .

Pala dynasty of Bengal (c. 750 – 1174 CE)

Main article: Pala Empire

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.^[47] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:^[48]

	RC Majumdar (1971)^[49]	AM Chowdhury (1967)^[50]	BP Sinha (1977)^[51]^[failed verification]	DC Sircar (1975–76)^[52]	D. K. Ganguly (1994)^[47]
Gopala I	750–770	756–781	755–783	750–775	750–774
Dharmapala	770–810	781–821	783–820	775–812	774–806
Devapala	810–c. 850	821–861	820–860	812–850	806–845
Mahendrapala	NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)				845–860
Shurapala I	Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I			850–858	860–872
Gopala II	NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	858–60	872–873
Narayanapala	854–908	866–920	865–920	860–917	873–927
Rajyapala	908–940	920–952	920–952	917–952	927–959
Gopala III	940–957	952–969	952–967	952–972	959–976
Vigrahapala II	960–c. 986	969–995	967–980	972–977	976–977
Mahipala I	988–c. 1036	995–1043	980–1035	977–1027	977–1027
Nayapala	1038–1053	1043–1058	1035–1050	1027–1043	1027–1043
Vigrahapala III	1054–1072	1058–1075	1050–1076	1043–1070	1043–1070
Mahipala II	1072–1075	1075–1080	1076–1078/9	1070–1071	1070–1071
Shurapala II	1075–1077	1080–1082		1071–1072	1071–1072
Ramapala	1077–1130	1082–1124	1078/9–1132	1072–1126	1072–1126
Kumarapala	1130–1140	1124–1129	1132–1136	1126–1128	1126–1128
Gopala IV	1140–1144	1129–1143	1136–1144	1128–1143	1128–1143
Madanapala	1144–1162	1143–1162	1144–1161/62	1143–1161	1143–1161
Govindapala	1158–1162	NA	1162–1176 or 1158–1162	1161–1165	1161–1165
Palapala	NA	NA	NA	1165–1199	1165–1200

Note:^[48]

• Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
• AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
• According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.

Shilahara dynasty (765–1265 CE)

Main article: Shilahara

Shilahara Kingdom was split into three branches:

• First branch ruled North Konkan
• Second branch ruled South Konkan (between 765 and 1029 CE)
• Third branch ruled in modern districts of Kolhapur, Satara and Belgaum (between 940 and 1215 CE) after which they were overwhelmed by the Yadavas.^[53]

South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)

List of rulers–

1. Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
2. Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
3. Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
4. Avasara I (845–870 CE)
5. Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
6. Avasara II (895–920 CE)
7. Indraraja (920–945 CE)
8. Bhima (945–970 CE)
9. Avasara III (970–995 CE)
10. Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)

North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)

List of rulers–

1. Kapardin I (800–825 CE)
2. Pullashakti (825–850 CE)
3. Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
4. Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)
5. Jhanjha (910–930 CE)
6. Goggiraja (930–945 CE)
7. Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
8. Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
9. Aparajita (975–1010 CE)
10. Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)
11. Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)
12. Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)
13. Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
14. Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
15. Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
16. Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)
17. Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)
18. Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)
19. Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
20. Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
21. Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)
22. Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
23. Someshvara (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty

Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)

List of rulers–

1. Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
2. Naivarman (960–980 CE)
3. Chandra (980–1000 CE)
4. Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)
5. Gonka (1020–1050 CE)
6. Guhala I (1050 CE)
7. Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
8. Chandraditya (1050 CE)
9. Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)
10. Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
11. Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)
12. Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
13. Gonka II (1108 CE)
14. Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)
15. Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)
16. Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE)

Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)

Main article: Ayudha dynasty

• Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
• Indrayudha
• Chakrayudha (until 810)^[54][55]

Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)

Main article: Chandelas of Jejakabhukti

The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.

Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):^[56][57]

• Nannuka, (c. 831-845 CE)
• Vakpati (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
• Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)
• Rahila (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)
• Shri Harsha (Śri Harśa), (c. 905-925 CE)
• Yasho-Varman (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)
• Dhanga-Deva (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)
• Ganda-Deva (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)
• Vidyadhara (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)
• Vijaya-Pala (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
• Deva-Varman, (c. 1050-1060 CE)
• Kirtti-Varman (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)
• Sallakshana-Varman (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)
• Jaya-Varman, (c. 1110-1120 CE)
• Prithvi-Varman (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
• Madana-Varman, (c. 1128-1165 CE)
• Yasho-Varman II (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
• Paramardi-Deva, (c. 1165-1203 CE)
• Trailokya-Varman, (c. 1203-1245 CE)
• Vira-Varman (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
• Bhoja-Varman, (c. 1285-1288 CE)
• Hammira-Varman (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
• Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)^[58]

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)

Main article: Seuna (Yadava) dynasty

• Dridhaprahara
• Seunachandra (850–874)
• Dhadiyappa (874–900)
• Bhillama I (900–925)
• Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
• Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
• Bhillama II (975–1005)
• Vesugi I (1005–1020)
• Bhillama III (1020–1055)
• Vesugi II (1055–1068)
• Bhillama III (1068)
• Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
• Airamadeva (1085–1115)
• Singhana I (1115–1145)
• Mallugi I (1145–1150)
• Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
• Govindaraja (1160)
• Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
• Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
• Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
• Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
• Singhana II (1200–1247)
• Kannara (1247–1261)
• Mahadeva (1261–1271)
• Amana (1271)
• Ramachandra (1271–1312)
• Singhana III (1312–1313)
• Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
• Mallugi III (1318–1334)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 9th century to 1305 CE)

Main article: Paramara dynasty

See also: List of rulers of Malwa

According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."^[59] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:

List of Paramara dynasty rulers

Serial No.	Ruler	Reign (CE)
1	King Paramar	(Legendary)
2	Upendra Krishnraja	early 9th century
3	Vairisimha (I)	early 9th century
4	Siyaka (I)	mid of 9th century
5	Vakpatiraj (I)	late 9th to early 10th century
6	Vairisimha (II)	mid of 10th century
7	Siyaka (II)	940–972
8	Vakpatiraj (II) alias Munja	972–990
9	Sindhuraja	990–1010
10	Bhoja	1010–1055
11	JayasimhaI	1055–1070
12	Udayaditya	1070–1086
13	Lakshmadeva	1086–1094
14	Naravarman	1094–1133
15	Yashovarman	1133–1142
16	Jayavarman I	1142–1143
17	Interregnum from (1143 to 1175 CE) under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the Solanki king Kumarapala	1143–1175
18	Vindhyavarman	1175–1194
19	Subhatavarman	1194–1209
20	Arjunavarman I	1210–1215
21	Devapala	1215/1218–1239
22	Jaitugideva	1239–1255
23	Jayavarman II	1255–1274
24	Arjunavarman II	1274–1285
25	Bhoja II	1285–1301
26	Mahalakadeva	1301–1305

After death of Mahalakadeva in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended in Malwa region, but not in other Parmar states.

Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE)

Main article: Utpala dynasty

Ruler	Reign
Avantivarman	853/855 – 883 CE
Shankaravarman	883 – 902 CE
Gopalavarman	902 – 904 CE
Sankata	904 CE
Sugandha	904 – 906 CE
Partha	906 – 921 CE
Nirjitavarman	921 – 922 CE
Chakravarman	922 – 933 CE
Shuravarman I	933 – 934 CE
Partha (2nd reign)	934 – 935 CE
Chakravarman (2nd reign)	935 CE
Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana)	935 – 936 CE
Chakravarman (3rd reign)	936 – 937 CE
Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti")	937 – 939 CE
Shuravarman II	939 CE
Yashaskara-deva	939 CE
Varnata	948 CE
Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I)	948 CE
Parvagupta	948 – 950 CE
Kshemagupta	950 – 958 CE
Abhimanyu II	958 – 972 CE
Nandigupta	972 – 973 CE
Tribhuvanagupta	973 – 975 CE
Bhimagupta	975 – 980 CE
Didda	980 to 1009/1012 CE

Didda (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed Samgrāmarāja, son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the Lohara dynasty.

Somavamshi dynasty (c. 882 – 1110 CE)

Main article: Somavamshi dynasty

Historian Krishna Chandra Panigrahi provides the following chronology of the later Somavamshis:^[60]

Name (IAST)	Regnal name (IAST)	Reign
Janmejaya I	Mahābhavagupta I	c. 882–922
Yayāti I	Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta)	c. 922–955
Bhīmaratha	Mahābhavagupta II	c. 955–980
Dharmaratha	Mahāśivagupta II	c. 980–1005
Nahuṣa (Nahusha)	Mahābhavagupta III	c. 1005–1021
Yayāti II	Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III	c. 1025–1040
Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari)	Mahābhavagupta IV	c. 1040–1065
Janmejaya II	Mahāśivagupta IV	c. 1065–1085
Purañjaya	Mahābhavagupta V	c. 1085–1110
Karṇadeva	Mahāśivagupta V	c. 1100–1110

Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (c. 900 – 1100 CE)

Main article: Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)

S.nu	King	Reign (CE)
1	Brahma Pala	900–920
2	Ratna Pala	920–960
3	Indra Pala	960–990
4	Go Pala aka Gopalavarman	990–1015
5	Harsha Pala	1015–1035
6	Dharma Pala	1035–1060
7	Jaya Pala	1075–1100

Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910 – 1220 CE)

Main article: Paramaras of Chandravati

The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.^[61][62] The rulers are sons of their predecessors unless noted otherwise:

Regional Name	IAST Name	Reign (CE)
Utpala-raja	Utpalarāja	c. 910–930
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja	Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja	c. 930–950
Krishna-raja	Kṛṣṇarāja	c. 950–979
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha	Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha	c. 970–990
Dhurbhata	Dhūrbhaṭa	c. 990–1000
Mahi-pala	Mahīpāla	c. 1000–1020
Dhandhuka	Dhaṃdhuka	c. 1020–1040
Punya-pala or Purna-pala	Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla	c. 1040–1050
Danti-varmman	Daṃtivarmman	c. 1050–1060
Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II	Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II	c. 1060–1090
Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva	Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva	c. 1090–1115
Vikrama-simha	Vikramāsiṃha	c. 1115–1145
Yasho-dhavala	Yaśodhavala	c. 1145–1160
Rana-simha	Raṇāsiṃha	?
Dhara-varsha	Dhāravarṣa	c. 1160–1220

Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930 – 1842 CE)

Main article: History of Ladakh

Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930 – 1460 CE)

Main article: Maryul

Known Maryul rulers are-

• Lhachen Palgyigon (c. 930 CE)
• Lhachen Utpala (c. 1110 CE)

Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460 – 1842 CE)

Main article: Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh

The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:^[63][64][65]

• Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460–1485)
• Unknown ruler (c. 1485–1510)
• Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
• Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
• Tashi Namgyal (c. 1555–1575)
• Tsewang Namgyal I (c. 1575–1595)
• Namgyal Gonpo (c.1595–1600)
• Jamyang Namgyal (c. 1595–1616)
• Sengge Namgyal (first rule, c. 1616–1623)
• Norbu Namgyal (c. 1623–1624)
• Sengge Namgyal (second rule, c. 1624–1642)
• Deldan Namgyal (c. 1642–1694)
• Delek Namgyal (c. 1680–1691)
• Nyima Namgyal (c. 1694–1729)
• Deskyong Namgyal (c. 1729–1739)
• Phuntsog Namgyal (c. 1739–1753)
• Tsewang Namgyal II (c. 1753–1782)
• Tseten Namgyal (c. 1782–1802)
• Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (c. 1802–1837, 1839–1840)
• Kunga Namgyal II (c. 1840–1842)

Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.

Solanki dynasty (Chaulukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)

Main article: Chaulukya dynasty

The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:^[66][67]

• Mularaja (c. 940 – c. 995)
• Chamundaraja (c. 996 – c. 1008)
• Vallabharaja (c. 1008)
• Durlabharaja (c. 1008 – c. 1022)
• Bhima I (c. 1022 – c. 1064)
• Karna (c. 1064 – c. 1092)
• Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092 – c. 1142)
• Kumarapala (c. 1142 – c. 1171)
• Ajayapala (c. 1171 – c. 1175)
• Mularaja II (c. 1175 – c. 1178)
• Bhima II (c. 1178 – c. 1240)
• Tribhuvanapala (c. 1240 – c. 1244)

Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE)

Main article: Kachchhapaghata dynasty

Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch

• Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
• Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
• Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
• Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
• Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
• Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
• Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
• Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
• Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
• Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
• Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)

Dubkund (Dobha) branch

• Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
• Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
• Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
• Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
• Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)

Nalapura (Narwar) branch

• Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
• Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
• Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
• Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty^[68][69]

Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)

Main article: Jaipur State

See also: Kachhwaha and Dhundhar

Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom and established the Kachwaha dynasty,^[70] which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

Rulers

• 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)^[71]
• 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 Dulha Rao (d. 1036)^[71]
• 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)^[71]
• 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)^[71]
• 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)^[71]
• 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)^[71]
• 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)^[71]
• 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)^[71]
• 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)^[71]
• 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)^[71]
• 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)^[71]
• 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)^[71]
• 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)^[71]
• 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)^[71]
• 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)^[71]
• 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)^[71]
• 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)^[71]
• 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 Prithviraj Singh I (d. 1527)^[72]
• 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 Puranmal (d. 1534)^[73]
• 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 Bhim Singh (d. 1537)
• 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 Ratan Singh (d. 1548)
• 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 Askaran (d. 1599)
• 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 Bharmal (d. 1574)
• 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 Bhagwant Das (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
• 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 Man Singh (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
• 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 Bhau Singh (d. 1621)
• 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 Jai Singh I (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
• 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: Ram Singh I (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
• 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: Bishan Singh (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
• 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: Jai Singh II (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
• 1743 – 12 Dec 1750: Ishwari Singh (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
• Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768: Madho Singh I (b. 1728 – d. 1768)^[74]
• 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778: Prithvi Singh II^[75]
• 1778 – 1803: Pratap Singh (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
• 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: Jagat Singh II (b. ... – d. 1818)
• 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: Mohan Singh (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
• 25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: Jai Singh III (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
• Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: Ram Singh II (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
• 18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: Madho Singh II (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
• 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
• 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.^[76]

Titular rulers

• 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: Sawai Man Singh II
• 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)

Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.

• 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
• 17 Apr 2011 – present: Padmanabh Singh (b. 1998)

Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)

Main article: Hoysala Empire

• Nripa Kama (1000–1045)

Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)

Main article: Lohara dynasty

The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir from the Khasa tribe,^[77][78] in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the Samgramaraja, the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the Utpala dynasty Queen Didda.

First Lohara dynasty

Ruler	Reign^[79]	! Ascension year
Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati)	25 Years	1003 CE
Hariraja	22 days	1028 CE
Ananta-deva	35 Years	1028 CE
Kalasha (Ranaditya II)	26 Years	1063 CE
Utkarsha	22 days	1089 CE
Harsha	12 Years	died in 1101 CE

Second Lohara dynasty

• Radda (Shankharaja)
• Salhana
• Sussala
• Bhikshachara
• Sussala (2nd reign)
• Jayasimha (Sinha-deva)

Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE)

Main article: Khasa Malla kingdom

The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by Giuseppe Tucci is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:^[80]

List–

• Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
• Chaap/Cāpa
• Chapilla/Cāpilla
• Krashichalla
• Kradhichalla
• Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
• Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
• Jitari Malla
• Ananda Malla
• Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
• Sangrama Malla
• Aditya Malla
• Kalyana Malla
• Pratapa Malla
• Punya Malla
• Prithvi Malla
• Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)

Naga dynasty of Kalahandi (1005 – 1947 CE)

Main article: Kalahandi State

• Raghunath Sai (1005–1040)
• Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072)
• Birabar Deo (1072–1108)
• Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142)
• Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173)
• Harichandra Deo (1173–1201)
• Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234)
• Gopinath Deo (1234–1271)
• Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306
• Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337)
• Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366)
• Haria Deo (1366–1400)
• Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436)
• Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468)
• Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496)
• Anku Deo (1496–1528)
• Pratap Deo (1528–1564)
• Raghunath Deo (1564–1594)
• Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627)
• Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658)
• Dusmant Deo (1658–1693)
• Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721)
• Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747)
• Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771)
• Purusottam Deo (1771–1796)
• Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831)
• Fateh Narayan Deo (1831–1853)
• Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881)
• Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897)
• Court of Wards (1897–1917)
• Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939)
• Pratap Keshari Deo (1939–1947)

Sena dynasty of Bengal (1070 – 1230 CE)

Main article: Sena dynasty

List of Sena dynasty dynasty rulers

Serial No.	Ruler	Reign (CE)
1	Hemanta Sen	1070–1096
2	Vijay Sen	1096–1159
3	Ballal Sen	1159–1179
4	Lakshman Sen	1179–1206
5	Vishwarup Sen	1206–1225
6	Keshab Sen	1225–1230

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

Main article: Kakatiya dynasty

• Beta I (1000–1030)
• Prola I (1030–1075)
• Beta II (1075–1110)
• Prola II (1110–1158)
• Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
• Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
• Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
• Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
• Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]

Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197 CE)

Main article: Gahadavala dynasty

List of rulers–

• Chandradeva (c. 1089–1103 CE), founder of dynasty
• Madanapala (c. 1104–1113 CE)
• Govindachandra (c. 1114–1155 CE
• Vijayachandra (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
• Jayachandra (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
• Harishchandra (c. 1194–1197 CE), last ruler of dynasty^{[81][82][83][84]}

Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097 – 1324 CE)

Main article: Karnat dynasty

See also: History of Mithila

List of rulers–^[85][86]

S.N.	Ruler	Regin
1	Nanyadeva	1097–1147
2	Gangadeva	1147–1187
3	Narsimhadeva	1187–1227
4	Ramasimhadeva	1227–1285
5	Shaktisimhadeva	1285–1295
6	Harisimhadeva	1295–1324

Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)

Main article: Chutia Kingdom

List of rulers

• Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
• Ratnadhwajpal(1224–1250)
• Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
• Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
• Gauradhwajpal(1302–1322)
• Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
• Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
• Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
• Karmadhwajpal(1383–1401)
• Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
• Laksminarayan(1421–1439)
• Dharmanarayan(1439–1458)
• Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
• Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
• Dharmadhajpal(1502–1522)
• Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty

Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1500s CE)

Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206–1526 CE)

Main article: List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate

Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)

Main article: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)

• Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210)
• Aram Shah (1210–1211)
• Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
• Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
• Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
• Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
• Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
• Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
• Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
• Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)

Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)

Main article: Khalji dynasty

• Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji (1290–1296)
• Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316)
• Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khalji (1316)
• Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khalji (1316–1320)
• Khusro Khan Khalji (1320)

Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)

Main article: Tughlaq dynasty

• Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1321–1325)
• Muhammad Shah Tughluq I (1325–1351)
• Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
• Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
• Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
• Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)
• Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq (1394)
• Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)

After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.

Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)

Main article: Jaunpur Sultanate

• Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
• Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
• Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
• Mahmud Shah(1440–1457)
• Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
• Hussain Shah (1458–1479)

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)

Main article: Sayyid dynasty

• Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
• Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
• Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
• Alam Shah (1445–1451)

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)

Main article: Lodi dynasty

• Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
• Sikandar Khan Lodi (1489–1517)
• Ibrahim Khan Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Lodi Empire with the Mughal Empire)

Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)

Main article: Kadava dynasty

• Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
• Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)

Kingdom of Marwar (c. 1226–1950 CE)

Main articles: Kingdom of Marwar and Rathore dynasty

Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur

Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438 CE)

Name		Reign began	Reign ended
1	Rao Siha	1226	1273
2	Rao Asthan	1273	1292
3	Rao Doohad	1292	1309
4	Rao Raipal	1309	1313
5	Rao Kanhapal	1313	1323
6	Rao Jalansi	1323	1328
7	Rao Chado	1328	1344
8	Rao Tida	1344	1357
9	Rao Kanha Dev	1357	1374
10	Rao Viram Dev	1374	1383
11	Rao Chandra	1383	1424
12	Rao Kanha	1424	1427
13	Rao Ranmal	1427	1438

Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950 CE)

Name		Reign began	Reign ended
1	Rao Jodha	12 May 1438	6 April 1489
2	Rao Satal	6 April 1489	March 1492
3	Rao Suja	March 1492	2 October 1515
4	Rao Biram Singh	2 October 1515	8 November 1515
5	Rao Ganga	8 November 1515	9 May 1532
6	Rao Maldeo	9 May 1532	7 November 1562
7	Rao Chandra Sen	7 November 1562	1581
8	Raja Udai Singh	4 August 1583	11 July 1595
9	Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal	11 July 1595	7 September 1619
10	Maharaja Gaj Singh I	7 September 1619	6 May 1638
11	Maharaja Jaswant Singh	6 May 1638	28 December 1678
12	Maharaja Ajit Singh	19 February 1679	24 June 1724
13	Raja Indra Singh	9 June 1679	4 August 1679
14	Maharaja Abhai Singh	24 June 1724	18 June 1749
15	Maharaja Ram Singh	First reign	18 June 1749	July 1751
16	Maharaja Bakht Singh	July 1751	21 September 1752
17	Maharaja Vijay Singh	21 September 1752	31 January 1753
18	Maharaja Ram Singh	31 January 1753	September 1772
19	Maharaja Vijay Singh	September 1772	17 July 1793
20	Maharaja Bhim Singh	17 July 1793	19 October 1803
21	Maharaja Man Singh	19 October 1803	4 September 1843
22	Maharaja Sir Takht Singh	4 September 1843	13 February 1873
23	Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II	13 February 1873	11 October 1895
24	Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh	20 March 1911
25	Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh	20 March 1911	3 October 1918
26	Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh	3 October 1918	9 June 1947
27	Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh	9 June 1947	7 April 1949
28	(titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur	26 January 1952	Present

Ahom dynasty of Assam (c. 1228–1826 CE)

Main article: Ahom dynasty

The list of Swargadeos of the Ahom Kingdom

Years	Reign	Ahom name	Other names	succession	End of reign	Capital
1228–1268	40y	Sukaphaa			natural death	Charaideo
1268–1281	13y	Suteuphaa		son of Sukaphaa	natural death	Charaideo
1281–1293	8y	Subinphaa		son of Suteuphaa	natural death	Charaideo
1293–1332	39y	Sukhaangphaa		son of Subinphaa	natural death	Charaideo
1332–1364	32y	Sukhrangpha		son of Sukhaangphaa	natural death	Charaideo
1364–1369	5y	Interregnum^[87]
1369–1376	7y	Sutuphaa		brother of Sukhrangphaa^[88]	assassinated^[89]	Charaideo
1376–1380	4y	Interregnum
1380–1389	9y	Tyao Khamti		brother of Sutuphaa	assassinated^[90]	Charaideo
1389–1397	8y	Interregnum
1397–1407	10y	Sudangphaa	Baamuni Konwar	son of Tyao Khaamti^[91]	natural death	Charagua
1407–1422	15y	Sujangphaa		son of Sudangphaa	natural death
1422–1439	17y	Suphakphaa		son of Sujangpha	natural death
1439–1488	49y	Susenphaa		son of Suphakphaa	natural death
1488–1493	5y	Suhenphaa		son of Susenphaa	assassinated^[92]
1493–1497	4y	Supimphaa		son of Suhenphaa	natural death
1497–1539	42y	Suhungmung	Swarganarayan, Dihingiaa Rojaa I	son of Supimphaa	assassinated^[93]	Bakata
1539–1552	13y	Suklenmung	Garhgayaan Rojaa	son of Suhungmung	natural death	Garhgaon
1552–1603	51y	Sukhaamphaa	Khuraa Rojaa	son of Suklenmung	natural death	Garhgaon
1603–1641	38y	Susenghphaa	Prataap Singha, Burhaa Rojaa, Buddhiswarganarayan	son of Sukhaamphaa	natural death	Garhgaon
1641–1644	3y	Suramphaa	Jayaditya Singha, Bhogaa Rojaa	son of Susenghphaa	deposed^[94]	Garhgaon
1644–1648	4y	Sutingphaa	Noriyaa Rojaa	brother of Suramphaa	deposed^[95]	Garhgaon
1648–1663	15y	Sutamla	Jayadhwaj Singha, Bhoganiyaa Rojaa	son of Sutingphaa	natural death	Garhgaon/Bakata
1663–1670	7y	Supangmung	Chakradhwaj Singha	cousin of Sutamla^[96]	natural death	Bakata/Garhgaon
1670–1672	2y	Sunyatphaa	Udayaditya Singha	brother of Supangmung^[97]	deposed^[98]
1672–1674	2y	Suklamphaa	Ramadhwaj Singha	brother of Sunyatphaa	poisoned^[99]
1674–1675	21d	Suhung^[100]	Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang	Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung	deposed^[101]
1675-1675	24d		Gobar Roja	great-grandson of Suhungmung^[102]	deposed^[103]
1675–1677	2y	Sujinphaa^[104]	Arjun Konwar, Dihingia Rojaa II	grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain	deposed, suicide^[105]
1677–1679	2y	Sudoiphaa	Parvatia Rojaa	great-grandson of Suhungmung^[106]	deposed, killed^[107]
1679–1681	3y	Sulikphaa	Ratnadhwaj Singha, Loraa Rojaa	Samaguria family	deposed, killed^[108]
1681–1696	15y	Supaatphaa	Gadadhar Singha	son of Gobar Rojaa	natural death	Borkola
1696–1714	18y	Sukhrungphaa	Rudra Singha	son of Supaatphaa	natural death	Rangpur
1714–1744	30y	Sutanphaa	Siva Singha	son Sukhrungphaa	natural death
1744–1751	7y	Sunenphaa	Pramatta Singha	brother of Sutanphaa	natural death
1751–1769	18y	Suremphaa	Rajeswar Singha	brother of Sunenphaa	natural death
1769–1780	11y	Sunyeophaa	Lakshmi Singha	brother of Suremphaa	natural death
1780–1795	15y	Suhitpangphaa	Gaurinath Singha	son of Sunyeophaa	natural death	Jorhat
1795–1811	16y	Suklingphaa	Kamaleswar Singha	great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha^[109]	natural death, smallpox	Jorhat
1811–1818	7y	Sudingphaa (1)	Chandrakaanta Singha	brother of Suklingphaa	deposed^[110]	Jorhat
1818–1819	1y		Purandar Singha (1)	descendant of Suremphaa^[110]	deposed^[111]	Jorhat
1819–1821	2y	Sudingphaa (2)	Chandrakaanta Singha		fled the capital^[112]
1821–1822	1y		Jogeswar Singha	5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler^[113]	removed^[114]
1833–1838			Purandar Singha (2)^[115]

Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)

Main article: Vaghela dynasty

The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

• Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
• Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
• Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
• Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
• Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.

Jaffna (Aryachakravarti) dynasty (c. 1277–1619 CE)

Main article: Jaffna Kingdom

List of rulers–

• Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan(1277–1284), founder of dynasty
• Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284–1292)
• Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292–1302)
• Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302–1325)
• Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325–1348)
• Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan (1348–1371)
• Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (1371–1380)
• Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380–1410)
• Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410–1440)
• Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
• Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)
• Cankili I (1519–1561)
• Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
• Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran (1565–1570)
• Periyapillai (1565–1582)
• Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1617)
• Cankili II Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty^[116]

Kingdom of Tripura (c. 1280–1949 CE)

Main article: Twipra Kingdom

Manikya dynasty

Main article: Manikya dynasty

List of rulers–

• Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
• Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
• Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)

Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Kings of Tripura Maha Manikya c. 1400–1431 Dharma Manikya I 1431–1462 Ratna Manikya I 1462–1487 Pratap Manikya 1487 Vijaya Manikya I 1488 Mukut Manikya 1489 Dhanya Manikya 1490–1515 Dhwaja Manikya 1515–1520 Deva Manikya 1520–1530 Indra Manikya I 1530–1532 Vijaya Manikya II 1532–1563 Ananta Manikya 1563–1567 Udai Manikya I 1567–1573 Joy Manikya I 1573–1577 Amar Manikya 1577–1585 Rajdhar Manikya I 1586–1600 Ishwar Manikya 1600 Yashodhar Manikya 1600–1623 Interregnum 1623–1626 Kalyan Manikya 1626–1660 Govinda Manikya 1660–1661 Chhatra Manikya 1661–1667 Govinda Manikya 1661–1673 Rama Manikya 1673–1685 Ratna Manikya II 1685–1693 Narendra Manikya 1693–1695 Ratna Manikya II 1695–1712 Mahendra Manikya 1712–1714 Dharma Manikya II 1714–1725 Jagat Manikya 1725–1729 Dharma Manikya II 1729 Mukunda Manikya 1729–1739 Joy Manikya II c. 1739–1744 Indra Manikya II c. 1744–1746 Udai Manikya II c. 1744 Joy Manikya II 1746 Vijaya Manikya III 1746–1748 Lakshman Manikya 1740s/1750s Interregnum 1750s–1760 Krishna Manikya 1760–1783 Rajdhar Manikya II 1785–1806 Rama Ganga Manikya 1806–1809 Durga Manikya 1809–1813 Rama Ganga Manikya 1813–1826 Kashi Chandra Manikya 1826–1829 Krishna Kishore Manikya 1829–1849 Ishan Chandra Manikya 1849–1862 Bir Chandra Manikya 1862–1896 Birendra Kishore Manikya 1909–1923 Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya 1923–1947 Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 1947–1949 1949–1978 (titular) Kirit Pradyot Manikya 1978–present (titular)
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Pushbanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)
v t e

On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.^[117]

Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)

Main articles: Nayaka dynasties and Kingdom of Kandy

See also: Musunuri Nayakas, Recherla Nayakas, Pemmasani Nayaks, Nayaks of Gingee, Nayakas of Keladi, Thanjavur Nayak kingdom, Madurai Nayak dynasty, Nayakas of Chitradurga, and Nayaks of Kandy

The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to group them by location.

Nayaka dynasty

See also: Nayaka dynasties

Ruler		Reign	Capital
Prolaya		1323-1333	Warangal (Musunuri line)
Kapaya		1333-1368	Warangal (Musunuri line)
Warangal annexed to Recherla
Singama I		1335-1361	Rachakonda (Recherla line)
Anavotha I		1361-1384	Rachakonda (Recherla line)
Singama II		1384-1399	Rachakonda (Recherla line)
Anavotha II		1399-1421	Rachakonda (Recherla line)
Mada		1421-1430	Rachakonda (Recherla line)
Singama III		1430-1475	Rachakonda (Recherla line)
Rachakonda annexed to Vijayanagara Empire
Kumaravira Timma I		1441-1462	Gandikota (Pemmasani line)
Chenna Vibhudu		1462-1505	Gandikota (Pemmasani line)
Vaiyappa		1464-1490	Gingee (Gingee line)^[118]
Tubaki Krishnappa		1490-1520	Gingee (Gingee line)
Chaudappa		1499-1530	Keladi (Keladi line)
Ramalinga		1505-1540	Gandikota (Pemmasani line)
Achyutavijaya Ramachandra		1520-1540	Gingee (Gingee line)
Viswanatha		1529-1564	Madurai (Madurai line)
Sadashiva		1530-1566^[119]	Keladi (Keladi line)
Chevappa		1532-1580	Tanjore (Thanjavur line)
Bangaru Timma		1540-1565	Gandikota (Pemmasani line)
Muthialu		1540-1570	Gingee (Gingee line)
Krishnappa I		1564-1572	Madurai (Madurai line)
Narasimha		1565-1598	Gandikota (Pemmasani line)
Sankanna I		1566-1570	Keladi (Keladi line)
Timanna		1568-1589	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Sankanna II the Younger (Chikka Sankanna)		1570-1580	Keladi (Keladi line)
Venkatappa		1570-1600	Gingee (Gingee line)
Virappa		1572-1595	Madurai (Madurai line)
Ramaraja		1580-1586	Keladi (Keladi line)
Achuthappa		1580-1614	Tanjore (Thanjavur line)
Venkatappa I the Elder (Hiriya Venkatappa)		1586-1629	Keladi (Keladi line)
Obanna-Madakari I		1589-1602	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Krishnappa II		1595-1601	Madurai (Madurai line)
Timma		1598-1623	Gandikota (Pemmasani line)
Varadappa		1600-1620	Gingee (Gingee line)
Muthu Krishnappa		1601-1609	Madurai (Madurai line)
Kasturi Rangappa I		1602-1652	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Muthu Virappa I		1609-1623	Madurai (Madurai line)
Raghunatha		1614-1634	Tanjore (Thanjavur line)
Appa		1620-1649	Gingee (Gingee line)
Gingee annexed to the Bijapur Sultanate
Chenna Timma		1623-1652	Gandikota (Pemmasani line)
Tirumala		1623-1659	Madurai (Madurai line)
Virabhadra		1629-1645	Keladi (Keladi line)
Vijaya Raghava		1634-1673	Tanjore (Thanjavur line)
Thanjavur annexed to the Maratha Empire
Shivappa		1645-1660	Keladi (Keladi line)
Madakari II		1652-1674	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Kumaravira Timma II		1652-1685	Gandikota (Pemmasani line)
Gandikota annexed to the Sultanate of Golconda
Muthu Virappa II		1659	Madurai (Madurai line)
Chokanatha I		1659-1682	Madurai (Madurai line)
Venkatappa II the Younger (Chikka Venkatappa)		1660-1662	Keladi (Keladi line)
Bhadrappa		1662-1664	Keladi (Keladi line)
Somashekara I		1664-1672	Keladi (Keladi line)
Chennamma		1672-1697	Keladi (Keladi line)
Obanna II		1674-1675	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Shoora Kantha		1675-1676	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Chikanna		1676-1686	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1682-1689)
Aranga Krishna Muthu Virappa III		1682-1689	Madurai (Madurai line)
Madakari III		1686-1688	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Donne Rangappa		1688-1689	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1689-1704)
Vijayaranga Chokanatha II		1689-1732	Madurai (Madurai line)
Bharamana		1689-1721	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Basavappa		1697-1714	Keladi (Keladi line)
Somashekara II		1714-1739	Keladi (Keladi line)
Madakari IV		1721-1748	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Meenakshi		1732-1736	Madurai (Madurai line).
Madurai annexed to the Nawab of Carnatic
Basavappa		1739-1754	Keladi (Keladi line)
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha		1739-1747	Kandy (Kandy line)
Kirti Sri Rajasinha		1747-1782	Kandy (Kandy line)
Kasturi Rangappa II		1748-1758	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Basappa		1754-1759	Keladi (Keladi line)
Madakari V		1758-1779	Chitradurga (Chitradurga line)
Chitradurga annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Virammaji		1759-1763	Keladi (Keladi line)
Keladi annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha		1782-1798	Kandy (Kandy line)
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha		1798-1815^[120]^[121]	Kandy (Kandy line)
Kandy becomes a British colony

Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)

Main article: Nayaks of Vellore

The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:

• Chinna Bommi Reddy
• Thimma Reddy Nayak
• Lingama Nayak

Other Nayaka kingdoms

• Nayakas of Shorapur
• Nayakas of Kalahasti
• Nayakas of Harappanahalli
• Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
• Nayakas of Kuppam
• Nayakas of Rayalaseema
• Nayakas of Jarimale
• Nayakas of Gudekote
• Nayakas of Nayakanahatti^[122][123]

Reddy Kingdom (c. 1325–1448 CE)

Main article: Reddy Kingdom

List of rulers–

• Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
• Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
• Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
• Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
• Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
• Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
• Veerabhadra Reddy(1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty

Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1325–1526 CE)

Main article: Oiniwar dynasty

List of rulers–

According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:^[124]

• Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE
• Atirupa Thakur
• Vishwarupa Thakur
• Govinda Thakur
• Lakshman Thakur
• Kameshwar Thakur
• Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
• Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute
• Kirti Singh
• Bhava Singh Deva
• Deva Simha Singh
• Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406^[125][126]
• Lakshima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled as regent for 12 years. She committed sati after many years of waiting for her husband's return.^[125]
• Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431^[125]
• Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
• Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
• Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460
• Dhir Singh Deva
• Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
• Rambhadra Deva
• Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE

Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1646 CE)

Main articles: Vijayanagara Empire and List of Vijayanagara emperors

Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on entire South India.^[127]

Serial no.	Regnal names	Reign (CE)
Sangama dynasty rulers (1336 to 1485 CE)
1	Harihara I	1336–1356
2	Bukka Raya I	1356–1377
3	Harihara II	1377–1404
4	Virupaksha Raya	1404–1405
5	Bukka Raya II	1405–1406
6	Deva Raya	1406–1422
7	Ramachandra Raya	1422
8	Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya	1422–1424
9	Deva Raya II	1424–1446
10	Mallikarjuna Raya	1446–1465
11	Virupaksha Raya II	1465–1485
12	Praudha Raya	1485
Saluva dynasty rulers (1485 to 1505 CE)
13	Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya	1485–1491
14	Thimma Bhupala	1491
15	Narasimha Raya II	1491–1505
Tuluva dynasty rulers (1491 to 1570 CE)
16	Tuluva Narasa Nayaka	1491–1503
17	Viranarasimha Raya	1503–1509
18	Krishnadevaraya	1509–1529
19	Achyuta Deva Raya	1529–1542
20	Sadasiva Raya	1542–1570
Aravidu dynasty rulers (1542 to 1646 CE)
21	Aliya Rama Raya	1542–1565
22	Tirumala Deva Raya	1565–1572
23	Sriranga Deva Raya	1572–1586
24	Venkatapati Deva Raya	1586–1614
25	Sriranga II	1614–1617
26	Rama Deva Raya	1617–1632
27	Peda Venkata Raya	1632–1642
28	Sriranga III	1642–1646/1652

Bahmani Sultanate (c. 1347–1527 CE)

Main article: Bahmani Sultanate

• Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
• Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
• Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
• Daud Shah I (1378)
• Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
• Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
• Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
• Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397–1422)
• Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
• Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
• Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
• Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461–1463)
• Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463–1482)
• Mahmood Shah Bahmani II(1482–1518)
• Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
• Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
• Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
• Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

Malwa Sultanate (c. 1392–1562 CE)

Main article: Malwa Sultanate

Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)

• Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
• Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
• Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
• Masud Khan (1436)

Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)

• Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
• Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
• Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
• Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (c. 1365–1632 CE)

Main article: Baro-Bhuyan

List of Kingdoms and their rulers are

Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)

• Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
• Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
• Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
• Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)

Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)

• Isa Khan
• Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)
• Masum Khan

Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (c. 1375–1523 CE)

Main article: Tomaras of Gwalior

The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.^[128][129]

Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST)	Reign	Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
Vīrasiṃha-deva	1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE)	Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).^[130]
Uddharaṇa-deva	1400–1402 CE	Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)^[131]
Virāma-deva	1402–1423 CE	Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta's writings)
Gaṇapati-deva	1423–1425 CE	Ganpati Dev
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha	1425–1459 CE	Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Kirtisiṃha-deva	1459–1480 CE	Kirti Singh Tomar
Kalyāṇamalla	1480–1486 CE	Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
Māna-siṃha	1486–1516 CE	Mana Sahi, Man Singh
Vikramāditya	1516–1523 CE	Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit

Wadiyar Kingdom of Mysore (c. 1399–1950 CE)

Main articles: Kingdom of Mysore and Wadiyar dynasty

List of rulers

• Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1399–1423 CE)
• Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459 CE)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478 CE)
• Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513 CE)
• Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553 CE)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572 CE)
• Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576 CE)
• Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578 CE)
• Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617 CE)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637 CE)
• Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638 CE)
• Ranadhira Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659 CE)
• Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673 CE)
• Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704 CE)
• Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714 CE)
• Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732 CE)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734 CE)
• Immadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761 CE
• Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1770 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
• Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
• Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782 CE, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796 CE.
  • Hyder Ali (1761–1782 CE), usurper and non-dynastic
  • Tipu Sultan (1782–1799 CE), son of the previous.
• Mummudi Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868 CE), Wodeyar dy

January 01, 1970