Deva Raya I (reigned 1406–1422 CE) was a king of the Vijayanagara Empire (of the Sangama Dynasty).[1] After Harihara II died there was a dispute between his sons over the throne in which Deva Raya I eventually emerged victor. He was a very capable ruler noted for his military exploits and his support to irrigation works in his kingdom.[2] He modernized the Vijayanagara army by improving the cavalry, employed skilled archers of the Turkish clan and raised the fighting capacity of his bowmen and horses from Arabia and Persia.[3] Of Deva Raya I, the Italian traveler Nicolo Conti, who visited Vijayanagara in c.1420, described thus: "In this city, there are 90,000 men fit to bear arms... their king is more powerful than all the kings of India".[3][4] Conti also noted that the royal city had grown to a circumference of 60 mi.[5] Deva Raya I was a patron of Kannada literature and architecture. Madhura, a noted Jain poet was in his court (and also in the court of his father King Harihara II) and wrote in Kannada the Dharmanathapurana on the life of the fifteenth Jain Tirthankar (Dharmanatha), and a poem in eulogy of Gommateshvara of Shravanabelagola.[6] The noted Hazare Rama temple, an excellent example of Deccan architecture was constructed during his rule.[7] One of Deva Raya's queens Bhima Devi was a disciple of the Jain guru Abhinava Charukirti Panditacharya. She was a devotee of Shantinatha, 16th Jain tirthankara and built a temple at the Mangayi Basti in Shravanabelagola.[8]
The Hazara Rama temple built by Deva Raya I in HampiKannada inscription of Deva Raya I at the Hazara Rama temple in Hampi
The credit for making the capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire one of the biggest cities in the 15th century goes to Deva Raya I. He realized that the scarcity of water supply, both for drinking and for irrigation, was restricting the growth of the royal capital.[2] In c.1410 he had a barrage constructed across the Tungabhadra river and commissioned a 24 km long aqueduct from the Tungabhadra river to the capital.[9] The account provided by Nuniz gives a details of the projects undertaken by Deva Raya I that brought prosperity to the Kingdom. He maintained a secular attitude in administrative matters. He had a Mosque and a slaughter house constructed for the convenience of the Muslim soldiers in his army.[10] In c. 1413, a dispute over property between the Shanka Jainalya of Lakshmeshwara and the Someshvara temple trust of the palace was settled in favor of the Jains. Deva Raya I had a Muslim bodyguard who built a choultry in honor of the king.[5]
Military campaignsEdit
Throughout his reign, Deva Raya was continually at war with the Velamas of Golconda, the Bahmani Sultan of Gulbarga, the Reddis of Kondavidu, and the traditional rivals of Vijayanagara, the Gajaptis of Kalinga. Deva Raya I was capable of managing the vast territory that he controlled by employing skilled archers of the Turkish clan and raised the fighting capacity of his bowmen. Following a confusion in the Reddi kingdom, Deva Raya I entered into an alliance with Warangal for partitioning the Reddi kingdom between them.[11] The split of Warangal changed the balance of power in the Deccan. In c.1420, Firoz Shah invaded Pangal but the two-year siege at Pangal ended in disease and disaster for Firoz Shah's armies. Deva Raya inflicted a shattering defeat on Firoz Shah.[12] Deva Raya's army massacred Firoz Shah's troops and created a great platform with their heads upon the field of battle. Firoz was followed deep into his own territory, which was completely devastated by the rampaging Hindu army under Deva Raya I. The Hindu army destroyed many mosques and holy places belonging to the Islamic community, and committed great carnages on the civilian Mussalman population. The Sultan had to hand over the southern and eastern districts of his kingdom to Deva Raya I to secure peace. Consequently, by c.1422, Deva Raya I came to control territory up to the Krishna river - Tungabhadra river doab including Pangal[11][13] In the following days, the distressed Sultan died after leading a life of piety after abdicating power to his brother Ahmad.[5][14] Unable to accept this turn around, the Gajapati King Bhanudeva of Odisha invaded Rajamahendri. When a war with Vijayanagara seemed imminent, some skilful diplomacy by Vijayanagara chief Dodda Alla averted it.[15] Deva Raya was to be succeeded by his sons Ramachandra Raya and shortly thereafter by Vijaya Raya.
Ferishta's accountEdit
Persian writer Ferishta narrates an interesting story, not repeated or supported by any other contemporary source, of the kings' love for a beautiful girl, a daughter of a goldsmith from Mudugal in the Raichur district. Unable to wed her, a frustrated Deva Raya I attacked Mudgal and laid to waste a few villages. Aroused by this provocation, the Bahamani Sultan Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah invaded Vijayanagara leading to defeat of Deva Raya I. Though injured in the conflict, Firuz Shah sent his able commanders who successfully invaded Vijayanagara territory south of Adoni.
According to this account, Deva Raya I had to give as tribute, one of his daughters in marriage to the Sultan's prince,[1] several pearls and cash, Bankapura territory, fifty elephants, and 2000 dancers. The goldsmith's daughter who was the reason for the war was wedded to Hassan Khan, a prince in the Sultan's family.[5][16]
GalleryEdit
Mallikarjuna temple in Mallapangudi, near Hospet, built by Deva Raya I
Kannada inscription of Deva Raya I at the Mallikarjuna temple in Mallappanagudi
NotesEdit
^ abSen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 103–108. ISBN978-9-38060-734-4.
Chandra, Satish (2004) [1997]. Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.
Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002) [2002]. History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. New Delhi: Atlantic Publiushers. ISBN81-269-0123-3.
Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (2002) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-560686-8.
Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [1980]. A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. LCCN 80905179. OCLC 7796041.
Bowman, John Stewart (2013) [2013]. Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. Columbia University Press. ISBN978-0231-11004-4.
Kulakarṇī,Nayeem,De Souza, A. Rā, M. A., Teotonio R. (1996) [1996]. Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi. Popular Prakashan. ISBN81-7154-579-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
John M. Fritz; George Michell, eds. (2001) [2001]. New Light on Hampi, Recent research in Vijayanagara. Mumbai: Marg. ISBN81-85026-53-X.
Chopra, P.N.; Ravindran, T.K.; Subrahmanian, N (2003) [2003]. History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 2. New Delhi: Chand Publications. ISBN81-219-0153-7.
deva, raya, 2012, film, devaraya, film, reigned, 1406, 1422, king, vijayanagara, empire, sangama, dynasty, after, harihara, died, there, dispute, between, sons, over, throne, which, eventually, emerged, victor, very, capable, ruler, noted, military, exploits, . For the 2012 film see Devaraya film Deva Raya I reigned 1406 1422 CE was a king of the Vijayanagara Empire of the Sangama Dynasty 1 After Harihara II died there was a dispute between his sons over the throne in which Deva Raya I eventually emerged victor He was a very capable ruler noted for his military exploits and his support to irrigation works in his kingdom 2 He modernized the Vijayanagara army by improving the cavalry employed skilled archers of the Turkish clan and raised the fighting capacity of his bowmen and horses from Arabia and Persia 3 Of Deva Raya I the Italian traveler Nicolo Conti who visited Vijayanagara in c 1420 described thus In this city there are 90 000 men fit to bear arms their king is more powerful than all the kings of India 3 4 Conti also noted that the royal city had grown to a circumference of 60 mi 5 Deva Raya I was a patron of Kannada literature and architecture Madhura a noted Jain poet was in his court and also in the court of his father King Harihara II and wrote in Kannada the Dharmanathapurana on the life of the fifteenth Jain Tirthankar Dharmanatha and a poem in eulogy of Gommateshvara of Shravanabelagola 6 The noted Hazare Rama temple an excellent example of Deccan architecture was constructed during his rule 7 One of Deva Raya s queens Bhima Devi was a disciple of the Jain guru Abhinava Charukirti Panditacharya She was a devotee of Shantinatha 16th Jain tirthankara and built a temple at the Mangayi Basti in Shravanabelagola 8 Deva Raya IGold Pagoda of Deva Raya IVijayanagara EmperorReign1406 1422PredecessorBukka Raya IISuccessorRamachandra RayaBornVijayanagar Vijayanagara Empire modern day Hampi Karnataka India Died1422 CEVijayanagar Vijayanagara Empire modern day Hampi Karnataka India IssueRamachandra Raya Bukka Raya IIIHouseSangamaDynastyVijayanagaraFatherHarihara IIMotherBhima DeviReligionHinduism Contents 1 Irrigation works and general administration 2 Military campaigns 3 Ferishta s account 4 Gallery 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksIrrigation works and general administration Edit nbsp The Hazara Rama temple built by Deva Raya I in Hampi nbsp Kannada inscription of Deva Raya I at the Hazara Rama temple in HampiThe credit for making the capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire one of the biggest cities in the 15th century goes to Deva Raya I He realized that the scarcity of water supply both for drinking and for irrigation was restricting the growth of the royal capital 2 In c 1410 he had a barrage constructed across the Tungabhadra river and commissioned a 24 km long aqueduct from the Tungabhadra river to the capital 9 The account provided by Nuniz gives a details of the projects undertaken by Deva Raya I that brought prosperity to the Kingdom He maintained a secular attitude in administrative matters He had a Mosque and a slaughter house constructed for the convenience of the Muslim soldiers in his army 10 In c 1413 a dispute over property between the Shanka Jainalya of Lakshmeshwara and the Someshvara temple trust of the palace was settled in favor of the Jains Deva Raya I had a Muslim bodyguard who built a choultry in honor of the king 5 Military campaigns EditThroughout his reign Deva Raya was continually at war with the Velamas of Golconda the Bahmani Sultan of Gulbarga the Reddis of Kondavidu and the traditional rivals of Vijayanagara the Gajaptis of Kalinga Deva Raya I was capable of managing the vast territory that he controlled by employing skilled archers of the Turkish clan and raised the fighting capacity of his bowmen Following a confusion in the Reddi kingdom Deva Raya I entered into an alliance with Warangal for partitioning the Reddi kingdom between them 11 The split of Warangal changed the balance of power in the Deccan In c 1420 Firoz Shah invaded Pangal but the two year siege at Pangal ended in disease and disaster for Firoz Shah s armies Deva Raya inflicted a shattering defeat on Firoz Shah 12 Deva Raya s army massacred Firoz Shah s troops and created a great platform with their heads upon the field of battle Firoz was followed deep into his own territory which was completely devastated by the rampaging Hindu army under Deva Raya I The Hindu army destroyed many mosques and holy places belonging to the Islamic community and committed great carnages on the civilian Mussalman population The Sultan had to hand over the southern and eastern districts of his kingdom to Deva Raya I to secure peace Consequently by c 1422 Deva Raya I came to control territory up to the Krishna river Tungabhadra river doab including Pangal 11 13 In the following days the distressed Sultan died after leading a life of piety after abdicating power to his brother Ahmad 5 14 Unable to accept this turn around the Gajapati King Bhanudeva of Odisha invaded Rajamahendri When a war with Vijayanagara seemed imminent some skilful diplomacy by Vijayanagara chief Dodda Alla averted it 15 Deva Raya was to be succeeded by his sons Ramachandra Raya and shortly thereafter by Vijaya Raya Ferishta s account EditPersian writer Ferishta narrates an interesting story not repeated or supported by any other contemporary source of the kings love for a beautiful girl a daughter of a goldsmith from Mudugal in the Raichur district Unable to wed her a frustrated Deva Raya I attacked Mudgal and laid to waste a few villages Aroused by this provocation the Bahamani Sultan Taj ud Din Firuz Shah invaded Vijayanagara leading to defeat of Deva Raya I Though injured in the conflict Firuz Shah sent his able commanders who successfully invaded Vijayanagara territory south of Adoni According to this account Deva Raya I had to give as tribute one of his daughters in marriage to the Sultan s prince 1 several pearls and cash Bankapura territory fifty elephants and 2000 dancers The goldsmith s daughter who was the reason for the war was wedded to Hassan Khan a prince in the Sultan s family 5 16 Gallery Edit nbsp Mallikarjuna temple in Mallapangudi near Hospet built by Deva Raya I nbsp Kannada inscription of Deva Raya I at the Mallikarjuna temple in MallappanagudiNotes Edit a b Sen Sailendra 2013 A Textbook of Medieval Indian History Primus Books pp 103 108 ISBN 978 9 38060 734 4 a b Kulakarṇi Nayeem De Souza 1996 p 106 a b Bowman 2013 p 271 Chopra Ravindran and Subrahmanian 2003 p 31 a b c d Kamath 1980 p 163 Sastri 1955 p 360 Fritz amp Michell 2001 p 9 Sangave 1981 p 46 V K Agnihotri 2007 India History p 150 Allied Publishers Private Limited ISBN 8184242999 Chopra Ravindran and Subrahmanian 2003 pp 30 31 a b Chandra 1997 p 180 Chandra Satish 1997 p 180 Medieval India From Sultanat to the Mughals Delhi Sultanat 1206 1526 Har Anand Publications Pvt Ltd New Delhi Chaurasia 2002 p 109 Sastri 1955 p 225 Chopra Ravindran and Subrahmanian 2003 p 30 Sastri 1955 pp 224 225References EditChandra Satish 2004 1997 Medieval India From Sultanat to the Mughals Delhi Sultanat 1206 1526 Part One New Delhi Har Anand Publications Chaurasia Radhey Shyam 2002 2002 History of Medieval India From 1000 A D to 1707 A D New Delhi Atlantic Publiushers ISBN 81 269 0123 3 Nilakanta Sastri K A 2002 1955 A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar New Delhi Indian Branch Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 560686 8 Kamath Suryanath U 2001 1980 A concise history of Karnataka from pre historic times to the present Bangalore Jupiter books LCCN 80905179 OCLC 7796041 Bowman John Stewart 2013 2013 Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0231 11004 4 Kulakarṇi Nayeem De Souza A Ra M A Teotonio R 1996 1996 Mediaeval Deccan History Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi Popular Prakashan ISBN 81 7154 579 3 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link John M Fritz George Michell eds 2001 2001 New Light on Hampi Recent research in Vijayanagara Mumbai Marg ISBN 81 85026 53 X Chopra P N Ravindran T K Subrahmanian N 2003 2003 History of South India Ancient Medieval and Modern Part 2 New Delhi Chand Publications ISBN 81 219 0153 7 Sangave Vilas Adinath 1981 The Sacred Shravanabelagola A Socio Religious Study 1st ed New Delhi Bharatiya JnanpithExternal links EditOur Karnataka article AP Online article Preceded byBukka Raya II Vijayanagar empire1406 1422 Succeeded byVira Vijaya Bukka Raya Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Deva Raya I amp oldid 1171494114, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
