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Territory of the Islamic State

December 06, 2023

The Islamic State (IS) had its core in Iraq and Syria from 2013 to 2017 and 2019 respectively, where the proto-state controlled significant swathes of urban, rural, and desert territory, mainly in the Mesopotamian region.[8] Today the group controls scattered pockets of land in the area, as well as territory or insurgent cells[8][10] in other areas, notably Afghanistan, West Africa, the Sahara, Somalia, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[11] As of 2023, large swathes of Mali are under IS control, where they had had the most success recently. [12]

Islamic State
الدولة الإسلامية
ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah
Seal
Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله
"Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh"
"There is no god but God; Muhammad is the messenger of God"[1]
دولة الإسلام باقية وتتمدد
Dawlat al Islam Baqiyah wa Tatamaddad
"The Islamic State remains and expands"[1]
خلافة على منهاج النبوة
Khilafah ala Minhaj an-Nubuwwah
"Caliphate Upon the Prophetic Methodology"[2][3]
Anthem: 
Maximum extent of territorial control, May 2015
StatusUnrecognized proto-state
Designated as a terrorist organization
CapitalRaqqa (2013–2017)[1]
Mayadin (2017)[5]
Hajin (2017–18)[6]
Official languagesArabic
Religion
Sunni Islam (Salafism)
GovernmentUnitary Islamic theocratic self-proclaimed caliphate under a totalitarian dictatorship
• Caliph
Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
• Head of the Shura Council
Abu Arkan al-Ameri
EstablishmentWar on Terror
• Established under the name of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
1999
• Joined al-Qaeda
October 2004
• Declaration of an Islamic State in Iraq
13 October 2006
• Claim of territory in the Levant
8 April 2013
• Separated from al-Qaeda
3 February 2014
• Declaration of caliphate
29 June 2014
10 July 2017
19 March 2019
27 October 2019
3 February 2022
Population
• 2015 estimate
(near max extent): 8–12 million[7][8]
Currency
Time zoneUTC+2 and +3 (EET and AST)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Driving sideright

In early 2017, IS controlled approximately 45,377 square kilometers (17,520 square miles) of territory in Iraq and Syria and 7,323 km2 of territory elsewhere, for a total of 52,700 square kilometres (20,300 sq mi).[8] This represents a substantial decline from the group's territorial peak in late 2014, when it controlled between 100,000 and 110,000 square kilometres (39,000 and 42,000 sq mi)[8][13] of territory in total.[8][14] IS territory has declined substantially in almost every country since 2014, a result of the group's unpopularity and the military action taken against it.[8] By late March 2019, IS territory in Syria was reduced to only the besieged 4,000 km2 (1,550 sq mi) Syrian Desert pocket.[15] The enclave was surrounded by Syrian government forces and its allies.[16][17][15] The Syrian military conducted combing operations and airstrikes against the pocket, but with limited success.[18][19] IS propaganda claims a peak territorial extent of 282,485 km2.[20]

The majority of the Caliphate's territory, population, revenue, and prestige came from the territory it once held in Iraq and Syria.[8] In Afghanistan, IS mostly controls territory near the Pakistan border and has lost 87% of its territory since spring 2015.[8] In Lebanon, IS also controlled some areas on its border at height of Syrian war. In Libya, the group operates mostly as a moving insurgent force, occupying places before abandoning them again.[21] In Egypt, the group controls 910 km2 of land centered on the village of Sheikh Zuweid, which represents less than 1% of Egypt's territory.[8] In Nigeria, Boko Haram (at the time an IS affiliate) controlled 6,041 km2 of territory at its maximum extent in 2014, though most of this area was lost amid military reversals and a split within Boko Haram between pro- and anti-IS factions.[8] By late 2019, however, IS's African forces had once again seized large areas in Nigeria;[22] as of 2021, IS's African forces still run their own administrations in territories they control.[23][24] As of 2022, most of IS's territory is confined to northeastern Nigeria and northern Mozambique, alongside large swathes of eastern Mali.[12]

Background edit

The fifth edition of the Islamic State's Dabiq magazine explained the group's process for establishing new provinces. Jihadist groups in a given area must consolidate into a unified body and publicly declare their allegiance to the caliph. The group must nominate a Wāli (Governor), a Shura Council (religious leadership), and formulate a military strategy to consolidate territorial control and implement IS's version of Sharia law. Once formally accepted, IS considers the group to be one of its provinces and gives it support.[25] Dabiq has acknowledged support in regions including East Turkestan, Indonesia and the Philippines, and claimed that IS would eventually establish wilayat in these areas after forming direct relationships with its supporters there.[25]

Overview edit

IS spokesman Abu Muhammad al-Adnani said "the legality of all emirates, groups, states and organizations becomes null by the expansion of the khilafah's [caliphate's] authority and arrival of its troops to their areas."[26] IS thus rejects the political divisions established by Western powers during World War I in the Sykes–Picot Agreement as it absorbs territory in Syria and Iraq.[27][28][29] The Long War Journal writes that the logical implication is that the group will consider preexisting militant groups like Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) illegitimate if they do not nullify themselves and submit to IS's authority.[30]

While branches in Libya and Egypt have been very active and attempted to exercise territorial control, branches in other countries like Algeria and Saudi Arabia have been less active and do not seem to have a strong presence.[31][32]

Since 2022, there have been no further provinces officially announced by IS. This is despite the group receiving public pledges of allegiance from militants in countries like Somalia, Bangladesh and the Philippines, and subsequently releasing statements and videos from those regions through its official media channels.[33][34][35] Analyst Charlie Winter speculates that this is due to the lackluster performance of many of IS's existing provinces, and that IS's leadership seems to be identifying new affiliates as simply "soldiers of the caliphate."[36]

Loss of "caliphate" territory led IS to conduct more terrorist attacks abroad.[37]

Specific territorial claims edit

The Islamic State primarily claimed territory in Syria and Iraq, subdividing each country into multiple wilayah (provinces), largely based on preexisting governance boundaries.[38][39] The first territorial claims by the group outside of Syria and Iraq were announced by its leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, on 13 November 2014, when he announced new wilayats, or provinces, in Libya (Wilayah Barqah, Wilayah Tarabulus, and Wilayah Fazan), Algeria (Wilayah al-Jazair), Sinai, Egypt (Wilayah Sinai), Yemen (Wilayah al-Yaman), and Saudi Arabia (Wilayah al-Haramayn).[40][41] In 2015, new provinces were also announced in the Afghanistan–Pakistan border (Wilayah Khurasan),[31] Northern Nigeria (Wilayah Gharb Ifriqiyyah),[42] the North Caucasus (Wilayah al-Qawqaz),[43] and the Sahel (Sahil).[44]

Lebanon and Tunisia edit

On 9 December 2022, the group released a series of photographs depicting fighters allegedly in Lebanon and declaring Lebanon as a province, as well as the revival of the Tunisian province.[45]

Kurdistan edit

On November 2014, the Islamic State released a video in which two of its militants stated that IS will make a province for Kurdistan if they capture it.[46]

Iraq and Syria edit

Further information: Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)
See also: Syrian Civil War, Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017), and Iraqi insurgency (2017–present)
 
Maximum extent of IS territorial control in Syria and Iraq in 2015.[47]

When the Iraq-based insurgent group Mujahideen Shura Council announced it was establishing an Islamic State of Iraq in October 2006, it claimed authority over seven Iraqi provinces: Baghdad, Al Anbar, Diyala, Kirkuk, Saladin, Nineveh, and parts of Babil.[48]

When the group changed its name to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and expanded into Syria in April 2013, it claimed nine Syrian provinces, covering most of the country and lying largely along existing provincial boundaries: Al Barakah (al-Hasakah Governorate), Al Khayr (Deir ez-Zor Governorate), Raqqa, Homs, Halab, Idlib, Hamah, Damascus, and Latakia.[49] It later subdivided the territory under its control to create the new provinces of al-Furat,[39][50][51] Fallujah, Dijlah, and al-Jazirah.[52][53] On 9 December 2017 Iraqi military forces announced the war against IS in Iraq had been won and that they no longer controlled territory in Iraq. In June 2017 IS affiliate Khalid ibn al-Walid Army started referring to themselves as "Wilayat Hawran", one month later IS media started referring to all its claims in Syria as "Wilayat al-Sham".[54]

Since mid-2018, IS has referred to its territory in the Levant simply as Wilayat al-Sham and has done the same with Iraq calling it Wilayat al-Iraq, but still continues to acknowledge and use references to specific regions in those territories, this has also been done with its claims in Yemen and Libya.[55]

As of 2022, the group seems to have increased its efforts in Syria compared to Iraq,[56] and has been reduced to several pockets in the Syrian desert, with local tribesmen acting as informants for the U.S. and other coallition forces. Despite this, the group managed to orchestrate a major prison break in January 2022.[11][57]

Afghanistan and Pakistan edit

Main article: Islamic State – Khorasan Province
Further information: War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), War in North-West Pakistan, and Islamic State–Taliban conflict

On 29 January 2015, Hafiz Saeed Khan, Abdul Rauf and other militants in the region swore an oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Khan was subsequently named as the Wāli (Governor) of a new branch in Afghanistan and Pakistan called Khurasan Province, named after the historical Khorasan region.[58][59][60]

IS attempted to establish themselves in Southern Afghanistan, especially in Kandahar and Helmand provinces, but were resisted by Taliban forces.[61][62][63] They were able to establish a foothold in parts of Nangarhar, and recruited disaffected members of the Taliban.[64] In August 2015, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan leader, Usman Ghazi, swore allegiance to IS and announced that the group should be considered part of Wilayah Khorasan.[65]

The group suffered reversals in 2016, losing control of some territory in the wake of attacks from US Forces, the Afghan Government[66] and the Taliban.[67] Hafiz Saeed Khan was reportedly killed in a US drone strike in eastern Afghanistan on 25 July 2016.[68]

In 2019, the group announced a new Pakistan province (Wilayah Pakistan).[69] Despite this, as of 2022, the Khorasan province continues to operate in the country, also operating against neighboring Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, where some members have suggested that a Movarounnahr (or Transoxiana) province is established.[70] In July 2022, a tajik-language magazine called Al-Azaim Tajiki was endorsed by the group, named after Yusuf Tajiki, a propagandist for the group killed by the Taliban.[71]

Since the Taliban's 2021 offensive, which ended with the takeover of Kabul and the end of the 20-year war in the country, ISKP have become a new focus for the group, with its funding and numbers increasing as a result of prison breaks of IS fighters during the offensive and subsequent recruiting.[11] Efforts have also increased to recruit fighters from neighboring Uzbekistan.[72]

Libya edit

Main article: Islamic State in Libya
Further information: Second Libyan Civil War
 
Military situation in Libya in early 2016:
  Ansar al-Sharia   Islamic State

IS divides Libya into three historical provinces, claiming authority over Cyrenaica in the east, Fezzan in the desert south, and Tripolitania in the west, around the capital.[73][74]

In 2014, a number of leading IS commanders arrived in the city of Derna, which had been a major source of fighters in the Syrian civil war and Iraqi insurgency. Over a number of months, they united many local militant factions under their leadership and declared war on anyone who opposed them, killing judges, civic leaders, local militants who rejected their authority, and other opponents. On 5 October 2014, the militants, who by then controlled part of the city, gathered to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.[75][76] In February 2015, IS forces took over parts of the Libyan city of Sirte. In the following months, they used it as a base to capture neighbouring towns including Harawa,[77] and Nofaliya.[78] IS began governing Sirte and treating it as the capital of their territory.[79][80]

IS suffered reversals from mid-2015 when they were expelled from much of Derna following clashes with rival militants,[81] following months of intermittent fighting, IS eventually redeployed to other parts of Libya.[82] Its leader Abu Nabil al-Anbari was killed in a U.S. air strike in November 2015.[83] Libya's Interim Government launched a major offensive against IS territory around Sirte in May 2016,[84][85] capturing the city by December 2016.[86]

The group's current leader is Abdul Bara al Sahrawi, who replaced Adnan Abu Walid al Sahrawi after his death in August 2021.[11]

Egypt edit

Main article: Islamic State – Sinai Province
Further information: Sinai insurgency
 
Sinai province logo

The Egyptian militant group Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis swore allegiance to IS in November 2014. After al-Baghdadi's speech on 13 November, the group changed its name to Sinai Province on the Twitter feed claiming to represent the group.[41] The group has carried out attacks in Sinai.

On 29 February 2017, the group announced a new "Misr" province in Egypt in a propaganda video against Coptic Christians.[87]

As of 2022, the group continues to attack local infrastructure, but has diminished due to persistent counterterrorism efforts by the Egyptian government and armed forces, who operate with the assistance of local tribesmen.[11][88]

Saudi Arabia edit

Al-Baghdadi announced a Wilayah in Saudi Arabia in November 2014, calling for the overthrow of the Saudi Royal Family and criticizing the Kingdom's participation in the US-led coalition against IS.[41] The group has carried out attacks in the country under the names of Najd Province and Hejaz Province.[89]

Yemen edit

Main article: Islamic State – Yemen Province
Further information: Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)

IS established a Yemeni Wilayah in November 2014.[40][31] The branch's first attack occurred in March 2015, when it carried out suicide bombings on two Shia Mosques in the Yemeni capital.[90] At least eight IS Wilayat, named after existing provincial boundaries in Yemen, have claimed responsibility for attacks, including 'Adan Abyan Province, Al-Bayda Province, Hadramawt Province, Shabwah Province and Sana'a Province.[42] Following the outbreak of the Yemeni Civil War in 2015, IS struggled to establish much of a presence in the country in the face of competition from the larger and more established Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) militant group. Many of IS's regional cells in Yemen have not been visibly active since their establishment and the group has not been able to seize control of territory the way they have done in Iraq and Syria.[91] The group has also experienced leadership turmoil and defections from its rank and file.[92]

As of 2022, the group, which continues to be weakened, serves a key financial intermediary between Somalia and Khorasan provinces.[11]

Algeria edit

Main article: Islamic State – Algeria Province
Further information: Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)

Members of a militant group named Jund al-Khilafah swore allegiance to IS in September 2014.[93] IS in Algeria gained notoriety when it beheaded French tourist Hervé Gourdel in September 2014.[31] On 13 November 2014, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi announced that the group had changed its name to "Wilayah al-Jazair" in accordance to the structure of the rest of groups aligned with IS.[40][41] Algerian security forces killed the group's leader, Khalid Abu-Sulayman, in December 2014, and five of its six commanders in a May 2015 raid. Since then, the group has not claimed any significant attacks and has largely been silent.[94]

Nigeria and West Africa edit

Main article: Islamic State – West Africa Province
Further information: Boko Haram insurgency and Boko Haram
 
Territorial control in Northeastern Nigeria in 2022

On 7 March 2015, Boko Haram's leader Abubakar Shekau pledged allegiance to IS via an audio message posted on the organisation's Twitter account.[95][96] Abu Mohammad al-Adnani welcomed the pledge of allegiance, and described it as an expansion of the group's caliphate to West Africa.[97] IS publications from late March 2015 began referring to members of Boko Haram as part of Wilayat Gharb Ifriqiyyah (Islamic State's West Africa Province).[42] Boko Haram suffered significant reversals in the year following the pledge of allegiance, with an offensive by the Nigerian military, assisted by neighboring powers, driving them from much of the territory they had seized in North East Nigeria.[98] Boko Haram suffered a split in 2016, with IS appointing 'Abu Musab al-Barnawi' as the group's new leader, due to disagreements with Abubakar Shekau's leadership. This was rejected by Shekau and his supporters, who continued to operate independently.[99][100]

On 24 January 2022, the small town of Gudumbali was captured and declared as the province's capital. However, it was recaptured by Nigerian troops on 26 January.[101]

In the summer of 2022, ISWAP made several territorial gains in Nigeria.[102]

As of September 2022, the group continues to maintain its stronghold in northeastern Nigeria, and has again integrated or eclipsed its former competitor Boko Haram, as several fighters have rejoined the group. The group also orchestrated a prison break in July, near Abuja.[11]

In October 2022, the town of Ansongo was captured by IS's Sahel province.[103]

North Caucasus edit

Main article: Islamic State – Caucasus Province
See also: Insurgency in the North Caucasus

IS militants in Syria issued a threat to Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2014: "we will liberate Chechnya and the entire Caucasus, God willing. Your throne has already teetered, it is under threat and will fall when we come to you because Allah is truly on our side."[104] In early 2015, commanders of the militant Caucasus Emirate group in Chechnya and Dagestan announced their defection and pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.[105][106] In a June 2015 audio statement posted online, IS spokesman Abu Mohammad al-Adnani accepted the pledges of allegiance and appointed Abu Muhammad al-Qadari (Rustam Asildarov) as Governor of a new Caucasus Province. He called on other militants in the region to join with and follow al-Qadari.[43][107] The group has carried out occasional, low-level attacks since then.[108] Russian security services killed Rustam Asildarov in December 2016.[109]

Gaza edit

Main article: Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade

In February 2014, the Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem declared its support for IS.[110] On 2 April 2015, elements of this group, along with members of the Army of Islam and the Gaza faction of Ansar Bait al-Maqdis,[111][112] formed the Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade, also known as Islamic State in Gaza,[113] as it predominantly operates in the Gaza Strip.

Somalia edit

Main article: Islamic State in Somalia

The Islamic State in Somalia (ISS) has been active since 2015, and though it remains a small militia of around 300 fighters, it has been considered possible by experts that ISS controls a number of villages in Puntland's hinterland.[114] Furthermore, the group managed to capture and hold the town of Qandala for over a month in late 2016. At first, ISS did not receive official recognition by the Islamic State,[115] however, this was subsequently granted by December 2017.[116]

As of 2022, the group serves as an intermediary for IS provinces in Africa and the leadership based in Syria and Iraq. It also finances ISKP via Yemen.[11]

East Asia edit

Main article: Islamic State – East Asia Province
 
A building in Marawi set ablaze after President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the Philippine Air Force to conduct airstrikes against IS insurgents in the city during the Battle of Marawi

Abu Sayyaf is IS's most powerful affiliate in the Philippines; another IS-affiliated group is the Maute group. Both groups worked together with other IS affiliates to seize parts of Marawi City on 23 May 2017, starting the Battle of Marawi.[117]

On 16 October, IS's Emir of Southeast Asia Isnilon Hapilon, along with the Maute group's remaining leader Omar Maute was killed by the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Previously, the Maute group's co-leader and Omar's brother Abdullah Maute, as well as their other five male siblings, have been neutralized by the ongoing counter-offensives. Two days after the leaders' death, the Armed Forces of the Philippines said Malaysian terrorist and senior commander Mahmud Ahmad is also presumed killed in another operation.

The Battle of Marawi was declared over by 23 October by the government, at which point all participating militants have been successfully neutralized, effectively blocking IS's Asian expansion. The government wiped out the Maute group after the battle.

In December 2017, remnants of the Maute group started recruiting new members to form a new group called "Turaifie Group" whose leader, Abu Turaifie, claimed himself to be a successor of former leader Abu Sayyaf Isnilon Hapilon.[118]

As of 2022, only pockets in Indonesia and the Philippines remain, and major attacks have decreased as a result of successful counterterrorism efforts by the governments of both states.[11]

Democratic Republic of the Congo edit

Main article: Islamic State – Central Africa Province

In October 2017, a video emerged on pro-IS channels that showed a small number of militants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo who declared to be part of the "City of Monotheism and Monotheists" (MTM) group. The leader of the group went on to say that "this is Dar al-Islam of the Islamic State in Central Africa" and called upon other like-minded individuals to travel to MTM territory in order to join the war against the government. The Long War Journal noted that though this pro-IS group in Congo appeared to be very small, its emergence had gained a notable amount of attention from IS sympathizers.[119] On 24 July 2019, a video was released referring to IS's presence in the country as the Central African Wilayat showing fighters pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.[120]

As of 2022, the group has doubled its territory and increased its numbers as a result of orchestrated prison breaks, with 2,000 prisoners freed since 2020.[11]

Mozambique edit

Main article: Insurgency in Cabo Delgado

After taking control of the Mozambican town of Mocímboa da Praia during an offensive in August 2020, local IS insurgents declared it the capital of their province. The militants consequently expanded further by capturing several islands in the Indian Ocean, with Vamizi Island being the most prominent.[121]

In May 2022, the province was separated from Central Africa Province and became known as the Mozambique Province (ISM).[11]

India edit

See also: Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq § India

The Islamic State operates in India and the Kashmir region through its Islamic State Jammu & Kashmir (ISJK/ISISJK) branch, which had begun operating in February 2016.[122] The Islamic State – Khorasan Province declared Wilayah [Wilayat] al-Hind (India Province) for IS on 11 May 2019 after clashes in Jammu and Kashmir in which ISJK leader Ishfaq Ahmad Sofi had been killed.[123]

Shafi Armar, a former member of the Indian Mujahideen, became the chief of operations for the IS in India.[124] He and his brother Sultan Armar founded the Indian ISIS affiliates Ansar-ut Tawhid fi Bilad al-Hind (transl. Supporters of Monotheism in the Land of India) and Janood-ul-Khalifa-e-Hind (transl. Caliph's Army of India).[125][126] Janood-ul-Khalifa-e-Hind has published the pro-IS propaganda magazine Sawt al-Hind (transl. Voice of India) since February 2020.[127]

Bangladesh edit

Main article: Islamic State – Bengal Province

Islamic State – Bengal Province (Wilayat al-Bengal) is the province of IS in Bangladesh, it operates through the group Islamic State Bangladesh (ISB/ISISB) and has claimed attacks in the country since October 2015. Neo-Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, an offshoot of Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, also operates as its branch.[128][129]

The first emir of Wilayat al-Bengal, Abu Ibrahim al-Hanif, is believed to be Mohammad Saifullah Ozaki (born as Sajit Chandra Debnath, 1982) a Bangladeshi Japanese economist who went to Syria in 2015 and joined IS. A Hindu convert to Islam, he reportedly lead the 2016 Dhaka attack. He was detained in Iraq in 2019 and Abu Muhammed al-Bengali was announced as the new emir of the province.[130][129]

Azerbaijan edit

On 2 July 2019, as part of a series of videos showing supporters and fighters of IS around the world renewing their pledge of allegiance to IS, a video was published from Azerbaijan featuring three fighters armed with Kalashnikov style rifles pledging their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The video was formally released by IS declaring it the Azerbaijan Wilayat.[131]

Turkey edit

Wilayat Turkey was formally declared in July 2019 when a video was published by IS featuring Turkish jihadists giving their bay'ah to the group's leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Reference was also made to the Wilayat prior to its formal introduction, in April 2019 in a video featuring the group's leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in his second ever video appearance, and first appearance in five years, he was seen holding dossiers from various Wilayats the group claims one of which was labeled as Wilayat Turkey, which was the first known such usage as a reference to the Turkish Wilayat.[132][133][134]

Administrative organization edit

Provinces edit

The Islamic State's main base of operations was in their territory of Ar-Raqqah in Syria, until 2017, where it was recaptured by the Syrian Democratic Forces. From there, orders were given to affiliate groups, called wilayat, spread across the Levant, Asia and Africa. Few of these wilayat have declared their capital cities, with the exception of al-Sham with Ar-Raqqah,[1] al-Iraq with Mosul, and Central Africa with Mocímboa da Praia.[135] It also had claims on the entirety of the Muslim world, including Central Asia, the former Ottoman Balkans, South East Asia, and the northern part of Africa.[136][137] Other times, however, it expressed also a desire for world domination, with labels on certain areas of the old world as well as the new world.[138][139]

Wilayah
(Province) 		Part of Subdivisions /
Former Wilayat 		Established
(as a wilayah)
  Algeria
(al-Jazâ’ir) 		  Algeria — 13 November 2014[40][41]
  Azerbaijan   Azerbaijan
  Artsakh 		— 2 July 2019[131]
  Bahrain[b]   Bahrain
  Saudi Arabia[c]		 — November 2014[142][141]
  Bengal
(al-Bengal) 		  Bangladesh — September 2016
  Caucasus
(al-Qawqâz)[d]		   Russia
  Armenia
  Azerbaijan
  Artsakh
  Georgia
  Abkhazia
  South Ossetia 		Azerbaijan[143] 23 June 2015[143][107]
  Central Africa
(Wasat Ifrîqiyâ) 		  Congo
  Kenya
  Mozambique
  Tanzania[e][144]		 — Before August 2018[145]
  East Asia   Brunei
  Indonesia
  Malaysia
  Philippines 		— 2014[131][146]
  Gaza[f]   Palestine
  Israel 		— 2014[113][131]
  Greater Sahara
(Sahil) 		  Mali
  Niger
  Burkina Faso 		— 15 May 2015[147]
  Haramayn[b][g]   Bahrain
  Saudi Arabia[140][141]
Bahrain[b] 13 November 2014[142][141]
Hejaz[b]
Najd[b]
  Hejaz[b]   Saudi Arabia — November 2014[142][141]
  India
(al-Hind) 		  Bangladesh
  India
  Pakistan 		Khorasan (partial) 11 May 2019[131]
  Iraq
(al-Iraq)[h]		   Iraq
  Syria (partial)
al-Janub[b][i] 29 June 2014[149]
al-Anbar
al-Badia
Baghdad[b]
Dijlah
Dayala[b]
Fallujah[b]
Karkuk
Ninawa
Salahuddin
Shamal Baghdad[b]
al-Furat
al-Jazirah
al-Barakah (partial)
al-Khayr (partial)
  Khorasan
(Khurâsân) 		  Afghanistan
  India
  Iran
  Pakistan
  Tajikistan
India 26 January 2015[58][59][60]
Pakistan
  Libya[h]   Libya
Cyrenaica (Barqa) 13 November 2014[73]
Fezzan (Fazzân)
Tripolitania (Tarâbulus)
  Egypt
(Misr) 		  Egypt — February 2017
  Mozambique   Mozambique
  Tanzania 		— May 2022[11]
  Najd[b]   Saudi Arabia — November 2014[142][141]
  Pakistan   Pakistan — 15 May 2019[150][151]
  Sinai
(Sînâ') 		  Egypt — 13 November 2014[73][152][153]
  Somalia
(al-Somal)[j]		   Somalia
  Somaliland 		— December 2017 (Recognition)[116]
  Syria
(al-Sham)[k][h][l]		   Syria
  Iraq (partial)
  Akrotiri & Dhekelia
  Cyprus
  Northern Cyprus
  Israel
  Jordan
  Lebanon
  Palestine
  Turkey (partial)
Ar-Raqqah 29 June 2014[149]
Dimashq
Idlib[b]
Halab
Hama
Hawran / Horan
Hims
al-Barakah
al-Khayr
al-Badia (partial)
al-Furat (partial)
al-Jazirah (partial)
  Turkey[b]   Turkey — July 2019[132][133][134]
  Tunisia
(Tunis) 		  Tunisia — 2015
  West Africa
(Garb Ifrīqīyā) 		  Nigeria
  Cameroon
  Chad
  Niger 		Greater Sahara 2015[97][42]
2016 (after split with Boko Haram)[99]
March 2022 (autonomy granted)[11]
  Yemen
(al-Yaman)[h]		   Yemen
Sana'a 13 November 2014[40][31]
'Adan Abyan
Hadramawt
al-Bayda
Lahij
Ma'rib
Shabwah
Ataq
Green Brigade[157][m]
  The West
(al-Magrib)[b]		 New world Never officially designated as a Wilayat, but labeled on IS maps.[159]
  The East
(al-Mashriq)[b]		   China
  Japan
 Never officially designated as a Wilayat, but labeled on IS maps.[159]
  Rome
(Rûmâ)[b]		 Italy and possibly other territories Never officially designated as a Wilayat, but labeled on IS maps.[159]
  Iberia
(al-Andalus)[b]		 Western Europe Never officially designated as a Wilayat, but labeled on IS maps.[159]
  Brazil
(al-Barāzīl)[b]		 South America Never officially designated as a Wilayat, but labeled on IS maps.[159]

Ministries edit

 
A member of Islamic State's service department (Diwan al-Khidamat).

In addition to its territorial administration, the group also established dāwāwīn (ministries) for the political administration of the quasi-state under al-Baghdadi's administration,[160][161][162] modelled after Abu Ayyub al-Masri's infrastructure for the Islamic State of Iraq.[163]

Dīwān / Ministry Date of creation Function
Education and Teaching[n]
Diwan al-Tarbiyya wa al-Ta’lim		 July 2014 Responsible for education in a regular and extremist context.[164] Its first minister was Reda Seyam.
Services
Diwan al-Khidamat		 June 2014 Responsible for the administration of public spaces, such as parks and roads. One example of the latter was the construction of "Caliphate Way", a highway built in the industrial area of Mosul, which reduced congestion in the area.[165]
Rikaz[o]
Diwan al-Rikaz		 ? Responsible for handling and exploitation of profitable resources. Its two known divisions handle fossil fuels (e.g. petroleum) and antiquities.
Da'wah and Masajid (and Awqaf)
Diwan al-Da’wah wa al-Masajid (wa al-Awqaf)		 ? Responsible for Dawah and mosque and religious staff administration.
Health
Diwan al-Sihha		 June 2014 Responsible for health services and hospitals. An "Islamic State Health Service" was established in 2015, featuring a logo modelled after the one used by the British National Health Service.[166] All medical schools served under this ministry rather than the Ministry of Education.
Tribal Relations
Diwan al-Asha'ir		 ? Responsible for dealing with nomadic tribes in the core region of IS. While the group committed atrocities against tribes such as Al-Shaitat and documents obtained after the group's loss of territory reflect a harsh tone against the nomadic groups, other documents show organized deliveries of supplies to the same groups. This dīwān was also known as an Office.
Diwan al-Amn (Islamic State Intelligence) ? Responsible for public security and anti-espionage operations.
Zakah
Diwan al-Zakah		 June 2014 Responsible for the collection and distribution of the Zakah.
Treasury
Diwan Bayt al-mal		 ? Responsible for the finances of the group and the dinar. Its Diwan al-Musadara is responsible for expropriations and is based on medieval Islam.[167]
Hisbah
Diwan al-Hisbah		 ? The Hisbah (religious police) served this ministry, being in charge of enforcing the group's version of Islamic jurisprudence (sharia law) in public.
Judgement and Grievances
Diwan al-Qada wa al-Mazalim		 ? Responsible for enforcing and clarifying judicial matters (e.g. Islamic court) and family and marriage-related issues. Also based in medieval Islam.[clarification needed]
Public Relations
Diwan al-Alaqat al-Amma		 ? Public relations (PR) department.
Agriculture
Diwan al-Zira'a		 June 2014 Responsible for the regulation of agriculture and livestock. A RAND study revealed that harvests in IS territory were relatively normal, with commercial vehicle traffic increasing under the new administration. Only with the loss of territory and access to resources such as electricity did harvests begin to decay around 2016.[168]
Fatwa and Investigation
Diwan al-Ifta' wa al-Buhuth		 ? Responsible for issuing and clarifying fatwas. It also wrote and published text media used in training camps through its publishing body Maktabat al-Himma.
Soldiery
Diwan al-Jund		 ? Responsible for the Army of the Islamic State and its management, training and distribution. It is sometimes referred to as the "Soldiers Department".[167]
Media[p]
Diwan al-I'lam al-Markazi[169]		 ? Responsible for the publishing bodies of IS, such as AlHayat Media Center, al-Furqan Media Foundation, Al-Bayan radio, Ajnad Foundation, Al-Naba, and Maktabat al-Himma. It is also in charge of the publication of magazines Dabiq, Dar al-Islam, Konstantiniyye, Istok, and later on Rumiyah. Additionally, it's the ministry in charge of translations.
Fay' and Ghana'im[q]
Diwan al-Fay' wa al-Ghana'im		 ? Responsible for administering and distributing war spoils that come from battles.
Real Estate
Diwan al-'Aqarat wa al-Kharaj		 ? Responsible for real estate seized from non-Muslims or abandoned by its original owners in order to accommodate regular and new fighters or civilians.[170]

Regional administrative offices edit

Islamic State had created various regional offices during the period (2017-2019) to organize & direct its human and other resources & reviving its external operational capability. [171]

The “most vigorous and best-established” of IS's offices set up at the centre to oversee the wilayats are:

Al-Siddiq office in Afghanistan, which “covers South Asia and, according to some UN Member States, Central Asia”;

Al-Karrar office in Somalia, which also covers Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); and

Al-Furqan office in the Lake Chad basin, where the borders of Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Nigeria converge. The Furqan office covers these states in North Africa and the broader western Sahel, overseeing ISGS/ISSP.

IS's other “three regional offices are low-functioning or moribund”, says the Monitoring Team, and these are:

Al-Anfal office in Libya, which covered “parts of northern Africa and the Sahel”;

The Umm al-Qura office “based in Yemen and … responsible for the Arabian Peninsula”; and

The Zu al-Nurayn office in the Sinai Peninsula “responsible for Egypt and the Sudan”.[171][172]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In October 2015, a film was released showing how the Gold Dinar would be introduced as the sole official currency of the proto-state. De facto, however, it saw limited circulation. In the areas where it saw circulation, it was forbidden to use other currencies with the exception of the dollar. Other areas saw the use of different types of currencies such as the Syrian pound and the Iraqi dinar.[9]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Some provinces existed only de facto as the Islamic State did not exercise control over these territories
  3. ^ Including Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province in addition to the eponymous archipelago across from the city of al-Khubar[140][141]
  4. ^ Includes the Russian North Caucasus (mainly Islamic areas such as Dagestan or Chechnya), as well as Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.[143]
  5. ^ A faction known as the "Islamic State in Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda" was set up in April 2016, but was only active in Somalia as well as Kenya for a short time.
  6. ^ The group operates in the Gaza Strip. It does not embrace Palestinian nationalism, however, but Pan-Islamism, and supports the idea of a wilayat encompassing the entirety of the Levant.[143]
  7. ^ Translated as the Province of the Two Holy Cities[142] or the Province of the Two Holy Sanctuaries
  8. ^ a b c d Since mid-2018, IS has referred to its territory in the Levant simply as Wilayat al-Sham and has done the same with Iraq calling it Wilayat al-Iraq, but still continues to acknowledge and use references to specific regions in those territories. This has also been done with its claims in Libya and Yemen.[55][148]
  9. ^ Formed from Karbala Governorate, Babil Governorate, Najaf Governorate, Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Maysan Governorate, Muthanna Governorate, Dhi Qar Governorate and Basra Governorate.
  10. ^ A Propaganda video under the name "Hunt Them Down, O Monotheists", used the name Wilayat al-Somal (Somalia Province).[116] Since then, however, the new name has not been consistently applied to the group by pro-IS media.[154]
  11. ^ The name Syria does not involve the country but the region of the Levant (Arabic: al-Sham), including the countries within this region where insurgencies have been present.[155][156]
  12. ^ The Islamic State controlled some territory outside of its wilayat under the Khalid ibn al-Walid Army until 2018, which administered its territory from Al-Shajara.
  13. ^ Alternatively, Luaa Akhdar/Ibb[158] or Luaa al-Akhdar[140]
  14. ^ Also known as the Diwan of Education or the Diwan of Education and Teaching of Islamic State.
  15. ^ Another official name is the Diwan of Resources, and it is also known as the Diwan of Natural Resources or the Diwan of Precious Resources.
  16. ^ Also known as the Diwan of Central Media or Ministry of Information (Arabic: وزارة الإعلام).
  17. ^ Literally the Diwan of Spoils and Plunder.

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  • Anzalone, Christopher (2018). (PDF). CTC Sentinel. West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center. 11 (3): 12–20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  • Rasheed, Adil (2015). ISIS: Race to Armageddon. New Delhi: United Service Institution; Vij Books. ISBN 978-93-84464-77-6.
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  • Warner, Jason (2017). (PDF). CTC Sentinel. 10 (1): 28–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  • Warner, Jason; Hulme, Charlotte (2018). (PDF). CTC Sentinel. West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center. 11 (7): 21–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  • Zelin, Aaron Y. (January 2016). "The Islamic State's Territorial Methodology". Research Notes. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (29).

External links edit

  • From Syria to Bosnia: Isis and its affiliates around the world, The Guardian
  • Islamic State moves in on al-Qaeda turf, BBC

December 06, 2023
territory, islamic, state, islamic, state, core, iraq, syria, from, 2013, 2017, 2019, respectively, where, proto, state, controlled, significant, swathes, urban, rural, desert, territory, mainly, mesopotamian, region, today, group, controls, scattered, pockets. The Islamic State IS had its core in Iraq and Syria from 2013 to 2017 and 2019 respectively where the proto state controlled significant swathes of urban rural and desert territory mainly in the Mesopotamian region 8 Today the group controls scattered pockets of land in the area as well as territory or insurgent cells 8 10 in other areas notably Afghanistan West Africa the Sahara Somalia Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo 11 As of 2023 large swathes of Mali are under IS control where they had had the most success recently 12 Islamic Stateالدولة الإسلامية ad Dawlah al IslamiyahFlag SealMotto لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله La ʾilaha ʾilla llah Muhammadun rasulu llah There is no god but God Muhammad is the messenger of God 1 دولة الإسلام باقية وتتمدد Dawlat al Islam Baqiyah wa Tatamaddad The Islamic State remains and expands 1 خلافة على منهاج النبوة Khilafah ala Minhaj an Nubuwwah Caliphate Upon the Prophetic Methodology 2 3 Anthem أمتي قد لاح فجر My Ummah Dawn Has Appeared 4 unofficial Maximum extent of territorial control May 2015StatusUnrecognized proto stateDesignated as a terrorist organizationCapitalRaqqa 2013 2017 1 Mayadin 2017 5 Hajin 2017 18 6 Official languagesArabicReligionSunni Islam Salafism GovernmentUnitary Islamic theocratic self proclaimed caliphate under a totalitarian dictatorship CaliphAbu Hafs al Hashimi al Qurashi Head of the Shura CouncilAbu Arkan al AmeriEstablishmentWar on Terror Established under the name of Jama at al Tawhid wal Jihad1999 Joined al QaedaOctober 2004 Declaration of an Islamic State in Iraq13 October 2006 Claim of territory in the Levant8 April 2013 Separated from al Qaeda3 February 2014 Declaration of caliphate29 June 2014 Recapture of Mosul by Iraqi forces10 July 2017 Capture of Baghuz Fawqani19 March 2019 Operation Kayla Mueller27 October 2019 Death of Abu Ibrahim al Hashimi al Qurashi3 February 2022Population 2015 estimate near max extent 8 12 million 7 8 CurrencyIslamic State dinar a United States dollar USD Time zoneUTC 2 and 3 EET and AST Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Driving siderightPreceded by Succeeded byIraqSyria IraqSyriaRojavaNorthern Syria Turkish occupation zoneIn early 2017 IS controlled approximately 45 377 square kilometers 17 520 square miles of territory in Iraq and Syria and 7 323 km2 of territory elsewhere for a total of 52 700 square kilometres 20 300 sq mi 8 This represents a substantial decline from the group s territorial peak in late 2014 when it controlled between 100 000 and 110 000 square kilometres 39 000 and 42 000 sq mi 8 13 of territory in total 8 14 IS territory has declined substantially in almost every country since 2014 a result of the group s unpopularity and the military action taken against it 8 By late March 2019 IS territory in Syria was reduced to only the besieged 4 000 km2 1 550 sq mi Syrian Desert pocket 15 The enclave was surrounded by Syrian government forces and its allies 16 17 15 The Syrian military conducted combing operations and airstrikes against the pocket but with limited success 18 19 IS propaganda claims a peak territorial extent of 282 485 km2 20 The majority of the Caliphate s territory population revenue and prestige came from the territory it once held in Iraq and Syria 8 In Afghanistan IS mostly controls territory near the Pakistan border and has lost 87 of its territory since spring 2015 8 In Lebanon IS also controlled some areas on its border at height of Syrian war In Libya the group operates mostly as a moving insurgent force occupying places before abandoning them again 21 In Egypt the group controls 910 km2 of land centered on the village of Sheikh Zuweid which represents less than 1 of Egypt s territory 8 In Nigeria Boko Haram at the time an IS affiliate controlled 6 041 km2 of territory at its maximum extent in 2014 though most of this area was lost amid military reversals and a split within Boko Haram between pro and anti IS factions 8 By late 2019 however IS s African forces had once again seized large areas in Nigeria 22 as of 2021 IS s African forces still run their own administrations in territories they control 23 24 As of 2022 most of IS s territory is confined to northeastern Nigeria and northern Mozambique alongside large swathes of eastern Mali 12 Contents 1 Background 2 Overview 3 Specific territorial claims 3 1 Lebanon and Tunisia 3 2 Kurdistan 3 3 Iraq and Syria 3 4 Afghanistan and Pakistan 3 5 Libya 3 6 Egypt 3 7 Saudi Arabia 3 8 Yemen 3 9 Algeria 3 10 Nigeria and West Africa 3 11 North Caucasus 3 12 Gaza 3 13 Somalia 3 14 East Asia 3 15 Democratic Republic of the Congo 3 16 Mozambique 3 17 India 3 18 Bangladesh 3 19 Azerbaijan 3 20 Turkey 4 Administrative organization 4 1 Provinces 4 2 Ministries 4 3 Regional administrative offices 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 7 1 Works cited 8 External linksBackground editThe fifth edition of the Islamic State s Dabiq magazine explained the group s process for establishing new provinces Jihadist groups in a given area must consolidate into a unified body and publicly declare their allegiance to the caliph The group must nominate a Wali Governor a Shura Council religious leadership and formulate a military strategy to consolidate territorial control and implement IS s version of Sharia law Once formally accepted IS considers the group to be one of its provinces and gives it support 25 Dabiq has acknowledged support in regions including East Turkestan Indonesia and the Philippines and claimed that IS would eventually establish wilayat in these areas after forming direct relationships with its supporters there 25 Overview editIS spokesman Abu Muhammad al Adnani said the legality of all emirates groups states and organizations becomes null by the expansion of the khilafah s caliphate s authority and arrival of its troops to their areas 26 IS thus rejects the political divisions established by Western powers during World War I in the Sykes Picot Agreement as it absorbs territory in Syria and Iraq 27 28 29 The Long War Journal writes that the logical implication is that the group will consider preexisting militant groups like Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula AQAP and Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb AQIM illegitimate if they do not nullify themselves and submit to IS s authority 30 While branches in Libya and Egypt have been very active and attempted to exercise territorial control branches in other countries like Algeria and Saudi Arabia have been less active and do not seem to have a strong presence 31 32 Since 2022 there have been no further provinces officially announced by IS This is despite the group receiving public pledges of allegiance from militants in countries like Somalia Bangladesh and the Philippines and subsequently releasing statements and videos from those regions through its official media channels 33 34 35 Analyst Charlie Winter speculates that this is due to the lackluster performance of many of IS s existing provinces and that IS s leadership seems to be identifying new affiliates as simply soldiers of the caliphate 36 Loss of caliphate territory led IS to conduct more terrorist attacks abroad 37 Specific territorial claims editThe Islamic State primarily claimed territory in Syria and Iraq subdividing each country into multiple wilayah provinces largely based on preexisting governance boundaries 38 39 The first territorial claims by the group outside of Syria and Iraq were announced by its leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi on 13 November 2014 when he announced new wilayats or provinces in Libya Wilayah Barqah Wilayah Tarabulus and Wilayah Fazan Algeria Wilayah al Jazair Sinai Egypt Wilayah Sinai Yemen Wilayah al Yaman and Saudi Arabia Wilayah al Haramayn 40 41 In 2015 new provinces were also announced in the Afghanistan Pakistan border Wilayah Khurasan 31 Northern Nigeria Wilayah Gharb Ifriqiyyah 42 the North Caucasus Wilayah al Qawqaz 43 and the Sahel Sahil 44 Lebanon and Tunisia edit On 9 December 2022 the group released a series of photographs depicting fighters allegedly in Lebanon and declaring Lebanon as a province as well as the revival of the Tunisian province 45 Kurdistan edit On November 2014 the Islamic State released a video in which two of its militants stated that IS will make a province for Kurdistan if they capture it 46 Iraq and Syria edit Further information Al Barakah Islamic State administrative district See also Syrian Civil War Iraqi Civil War 2014 2017 and Iraqi insurgency 2017 present nbsp Maximum extent of IS territorial control in Syria and Iraq in 2015 47 When the Iraq based insurgent group Mujahideen Shura Council announced it was establishing an Islamic State of Iraq in October 2006 it claimed authority over seven Iraqi provinces Baghdad Al Anbar Diyala Kirkuk Saladin Nineveh and parts of Babil 48 When the group changed its name to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and expanded into Syria in April 2013 it claimed nine Syrian provinces covering most of the country and lying largely along existing provincial boundaries Al Barakah al Hasakah Governorate Al Khayr Deir ez Zor Governorate Raqqa Homs Halab Idlib Hamah Damascus and Latakia 49 It later subdivided the territory under its control to create the new provinces of al Furat 39 50 51 Fallujah Dijlah and al Jazirah 52 53 On 9 December 2017 Iraqi military forces announced the war against IS in Iraq had been won and that they no longer controlled territory in Iraq In June 2017 IS affiliate Khalid ibn al Walid Army started referring to themselves as Wilayat Hawran one month later IS media started referring to all its claims in Syria as Wilayat al Sham 54 Since mid 2018 IS has referred to its territory in the Levant simply as Wilayat al Sham and has done the same with Iraq calling it Wilayat al Iraq but still continues to acknowledge and use references to specific regions in those territories this has also been done with its claims in Yemen and Libya 55 As of 2022 the group seems to have increased its efforts in Syria compared to Iraq 56 and has been reduced to several pockets in the Syrian desert with local tribesmen acting as informants for the U S and other coallition forces Despite this the group managed to orchestrate a major prison break in January 2022 11 57 Afghanistan and Pakistan edit Main article Islamic State Khorasan Province Further information War in Afghanistan 2001 2021 War in North West Pakistan and Islamic State Taliban conflict On 29 January 2015 Hafiz Saeed Khan Abdul Rauf and other militants in the region swore an oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi Khan was subsequently named as the Wali Governor of a new branch in Afghanistan and Pakistan called Khurasan Province named after the historical Khorasan region 58 59 60 IS attempted to establish themselves in Southern Afghanistan especially in Kandahar and Helmand provinces but were resisted by Taliban forces 61 62 63 They were able to establish a foothold in parts of Nangarhar and recruited disaffected members of the Taliban 64 In August 2015 the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan leader Usman Ghazi swore allegiance to IS and announced that the group should be considered part of Wilayah Khorasan 65 The group suffered reversals in 2016 losing control of some territory in the wake of attacks from US Forces the Afghan Government 66 and the Taliban 67 Hafiz Saeed Khan was reportedly killed in a US drone strike in eastern Afghanistan on 25 July 2016 68 In 2019 the group announced a new Pakistan province Wilayah Pakistan 69 Despite this as of 2022 the Khorasan province continues to operate in the country also operating against neighboring Uzbekistan and Tajikistan where some members have suggested that a Movarounnahr or Transoxiana province is established 70 In July 2022 a tajik language magazine called Al Azaim Tajiki was endorsed by the group named after Yusuf Tajiki a propagandist for the group killed by the Taliban 71 Since the Taliban s 2021 offensive which ended with the takeover of Kabul and the end of the 20 year war in the country ISKP have become a new focus for the group with its funding and numbers increasing as a result of prison breaks of IS fighters during the offensive and subsequent recruiting 11 Efforts have also increased to recruit fighters from neighboring Uzbekistan 72 Libya edit Main article Islamic State in Libya Further information Second Libyan Civil War nbsp Military situation in Libya in early 2016 nbsp Ansar al Sharia nbsp Islamic StateIS divides Libya into three historical provinces claiming authority over Cyrenaica in the east Fezzan in the desert south and Tripolitania in the west around the capital 73 74 In 2014 a number of leading IS commanders arrived in the city of Derna which had been a major source of fighters in the Syrian civil war and Iraqi insurgency Over a number of months they united many local militant factions under their leadership and declared war on anyone who opposed them killing judges civic leaders local militants who rejected their authority and other opponents On 5 October 2014 the militants who by then controlled part of the city gathered to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi 75 76 In February 2015 IS forces took over parts of the Libyan city of Sirte In the following months they used it as a base to capture neighbouring towns including Harawa 77 and Nofaliya 78 IS began governing Sirte and treating it as the capital of their territory 79 80 IS suffered reversals from mid 2015 when they were expelled from much of Derna following clashes with rival militants 81 following months of intermittent fighting IS eventually redeployed to other parts of Libya 82 Its leader Abu Nabil al Anbari was killed in a U S air strike in November 2015 83 Libya s Interim Government launched a major offensive against IS territory around Sirte in May 2016 84 85 capturing the city by December 2016 86 The group s current leader is Abdul Bara al Sahrawi who replaced Adnan Abu Walid al Sahrawi after his death in August 2021 11 Egypt edit Main article Islamic State Sinai Province Further information Sinai insurgency nbsp Sinai province logoThe Egyptian militant group Ansar Bayt al Maqdis swore allegiance to IS in November 2014 After al Baghdadi s speech on 13 November the group changed its name to Sinai Province on the Twitter feed claiming to represent the group 41 The group has carried out attacks in Sinai On 29 February 2017 the group announced a new Misr province in Egypt in a propaganda video against Coptic Christians 87 As of 2022 the group continues to attack local infrastructure but has diminished due to persistent counterterrorism efforts by the Egyptian government and armed forces who operate with the assistance of local tribesmen 11 88 Saudi Arabia edit Al Baghdadi announced a Wilayah in Saudi Arabia in November 2014 calling for the overthrow of the Saudi Royal Family and criticizing the Kingdom s participation in the US led coalition against IS 41 The group has carried out attacks in the country under the names of Najd Province and Hejaz Province 89 Yemen edit Main article Islamic State Yemen Province Further information Yemeni Civil War 2015 present IS established a Yemeni Wilayah in November 2014 40 31 The branch s first attack occurred in March 2015 when it carried out suicide bombings on two Shia Mosques in the Yemeni capital 90 At least eight IS Wilayat named after existing provincial boundaries in Yemen have claimed responsibility for attacks including Adan Abyan Province Al Bayda Province Hadramawt Province Shabwah Province and Sana a Province 42 Following the outbreak of the Yemeni Civil War in 2015 IS struggled to establish much of a presence in the country in the face of competition from the larger and more established Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula AQAP militant group Many of IS s regional cells in Yemen have not been visibly active since their establishment and the group has not been able to seize control of territory the way they have done in Iraq and Syria 91 The group has also experienced leadership turmoil and defections from its rank and file 92 As of 2022 the group which continues to be weakened serves a key financial intermediary between Somalia and Khorasan provinces 11 Algeria edit Main article Islamic State Algeria Province Further information Insurgency in the Maghreb 2002 present Members of a militant group named Jund al Khilafah swore allegiance to IS in September 2014 93 IS in Algeria gained notoriety when it beheaded French tourist Herve Gourdel in September 2014 31 On 13 November 2014 Abu Bakr al Baghdadi announced that the group had changed its name to Wilayah al Jazair in accordance to the structure of the rest of groups aligned with IS 40 41 Algerian security forces killed the group s leader Khalid Abu Sulayman in December 2014 and five of its six commanders in a May 2015 raid Since then the group has not claimed any significant attacks and has largely been silent 94 Nigeria and West Africa edit Main article Islamic State West Africa Province Further information Boko Haram insurgency and Boko Haram nbsp Territorial control in Northeastern Nigeria in 2022On 7 March 2015 Boko Haram s leader Abubakar Shekau pledged allegiance to IS via an audio message posted on the organisation s Twitter account 95 96 Abu Mohammad al Adnani welcomed the pledge of allegiance and described it as an expansion of the group s caliphate to West Africa 97 IS publications from late March 2015 began referring to members of Boko Haram as part of Wilayat Gharb Ifriqiyyah Islamic State s West Africa Province 42 Boko Haram suffered significant reversals in the year following the pledge of allegiance with an offensive by the Nigerian military assisted by neighboring powers driving them from much of the territory they had seized in North East Nigeria 98 Boko Haram suffered a split in 2016 with IS appointing Abu Musab al Barnawi as the group s new leader due to disagreements with Abubakar Shekau s leadership This was rejected by Shekau and his supporters who continued to operate independently 99 100 On 24 January 2022 the small town of Gudumbali was captured and declared as the province s capital However it was recaptured by Nigerian troops on 26 January 101 In the summer of 2022 ISWAP made several territorial gains in Nigeria 102 As of September 2022 the group continues to maintain its stronghold in northeastern Nigeria and has again integrated or eclipsed its former competitor Boko Haram as several fighters have rejoined the group The group also orchestrated a prison break in July near Abuja 11 In October 2022 the town of Ansongo was captured by IS s Sahel province 103 North Caucasus edit Main article Islamic State Caucasus Province See also Insurgency in the North Caucasus IS militants in Syria issued a threat to Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2014 we will liberate Chechnya and the entire Caucasus God willing Your throne has already teetered it is under threat and will fall when we come to you because Allah is truly on our side 104 In early 2015 commanders of the militant Caucasus Emirate group in Chechnya and Dagestan announced their defection and pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi 105 106 In a June 2015 audio statement posted online IS spokesman Abu Mohammad al Adnani accepted the pledges of allegiance and appointed Abu Muhammad al Qadari Rustam Asildarov as Governor of a new Caucasus Province He called on other militants in the region to join with and follow al Qadari 43 107 The group has carried out occasional low level attacks since then 108 Russian security services killed Rustam Asildarov in December 2016 109 Gaza edit Main article Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade In February 2014 the Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem declared its support for IS 110 On 2 April 2015 elements of this group along with members of the Army of Islam and the Gaza faction of Ansar Bait al Maqdis 111 112 formed the Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade also known as Islamic State in Gaza 113 as it predominantly operates in the Gaza Strip Somalia edit Main article Islamic State in Somalia The Islamic State in Somalia ISS has been active since 2015 and though it remains a small militia of around 300 fighters it has been considered possible by experts that ISS controls a number of villages in Puntland s hinterland 114 Furthermore the group managed to capture and hold the town of Qandala for over a month in late 2016 At first ISS did not receive official recognition by the Islamic State 115 however this was subsequently granted by December 2017 116 As of 2022 the group serves as an intermediary for IS provinces in Africa and the leadership based in Syria and Iraq It also finances ISKP via Yemen 11 East Asia edit Main article Islamic State East Asia Province nbsp A building in Marawi set ablaze after President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the Philippine Air Force to conduct airstrikes against IS insurgents in the city during the Battle of MarawiAbu Sayyaf is IS s most powerful affiliate in the Philippines another IS affiliated group is the Maute group Both groups worked together with other IS affiliates to seize parts of Marawi City on 23 May 2017 starting the Battle of Marawi 117 On 16 October IS s Emir of Southeast Asia Isnilon Hapilon along with the Maute group s remaining leader Omar Maute was killed by the Armed Forces of the Philippines Previously the Maute group s co leader and Omar s brother Abdullah Maute as well as their other five male siblings have been neutralized by the ongoing counter offensives Two days after the leaders death the Armed Forces of the Philippines said Malaysian terrorist and senior commander Mahmud Ahmad is also presumed killed in another operation The Battle of Marawi was declared over by 23 October by the government at which point all participating militants have been successfully neutralized effectively blocking IS s Asian expansion The government wiped out the Maute group after the battle In December 2017 remnants of the Maute group started recruiting new members to form a new group called Turaifie Group whose leader Abu Turaifie claimed himself to be a successor of former leader Abu Sayyaf Isnilon Hapilon 118 As of 2022 only pockets in Indonesia and the Philippines remain and major attacks have decreased as a result of successful counterterrorism efforts by the governments of both states 11 Democratic Republic of the Congo edit Main article Islamic State Central Africa Province In October 2017 a video emerged on pro IS channels that showed a small number of militants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo who declared to be part of the City of Monotheism and Monotheists MTM group The leader of the group went on to say that this is Dar al Islam of the Islamic State in Central Africa and called upon other like minded individuals to travel to MTM territory in order to join the war against the government The Long War Journal noted that though this pro IS group in Congo appeared to be very small its emergence had gained a notable amount of attention from IS sympathizers 119 On 24 July 2019 a video was released referring to IS s presence in the country as the Central African Wilayat showing fighters pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi 120 As of 2022 the group has doubled its territory and increased its numbers as a result of orchestrated prison breaks with 2 000 prisoners freed since 2020 11 Mozambique edit Main article Insurgency in Cabo Delgado After taking control of the Mozambican town of Mocimboa da Praia during an offensive in August 2020 local IS insurgents declared it the capital of their province The militants consequently expanded further by capturing several islands in the Indian Ocean with Vamizi Island being the most prominent 121 In May 2022 the province was separated from Central Africa Province and became known as the Mozambique Province ISM 11 India edit See also Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq India The Islamic State operates in India and the Kashmir region through its Islamic State Jammu amp Kashmir ISJK ISISJK branch which had begun operating in February 2016 122 The Islamic State Khorasan Province declared Wilayah Wilayat al Hind India Province for IS on 11 May 2019 after clashes in Jammu and Kashmir in which ISJK leader Ishfaq Ahmad Sofi had been killed 123 Shafi Armar a former member of the Indian Mujahideen became the chief of operations for the IS in India 124 He and his brother Sultan Armar founded the Indian ISIS affiliates Ansar ut Tawhid fi Bilad al Hind transl Supporters of Monotheism in the Land of India and Janood ul Khalifa e Hind transl Caliph s Army of India 125 126 Janood ul Khalifa e Hind has published the pro IS propaganda magazine Sawt al Hind transl Voice of India since February 2020 127 Bangladesh edit Main article Islamic State Bengal Province Islamic State Bengal Province Wilayat al Bengal is the province of IS in Bangladesh it operates through the group Islamic State Bangladesh ISB ISISB and has claimed attacks in the country since October 2015 Neo Jamaat ul Mujahideen Bangladesh an offshoot of Jamaat ul Mujahideen Bangladesh also operates as its branch 128 129 The first emir of Wilayat al Bengal Abu Ibrahim al Hanif is believed to be Mohammad Saifullah Ozaki born as Sajit Chandra Debnath 1982 a Bangladeshi Japanese economist who went to Syria in 2015 and joined IS A Hindu convert to Islam he reportedly lead the 2016 Dhaka attack He was detained in Iraq in 2019 and Abu Muhammed al Bengali was announced as the new emir of the province 130 129 Azerbaijan edit On 2 July 2019 as part of a series of videos showing supporters and fighters of IS around the world renewing their pledge of allegiance to IS a video was published from Azerbaijan featuring three fighters armed with Kalashnikov style rifles pledging their allegiance to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi The video was formally released by IS declaring it the Azerbaijan Wilayat 131 Turkey edit Wilayat Turkey was formally declared in July 2019 when a video was published by IS featuring Turkish jihadists giving their bay ah to the group s leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi Reference was also made to the Wilayat prior to its formal introduction in April 2019 in a video featuring the group s leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi in his second ever video appearance and first appearance in five years he was seen holding dossiers from various Wilayats the group claims one of which was labeled as Wilayat Turkey which was the first known such usage as a reference to the Turkish Wilayat 132 133 134 Administrative organization editProvinces edit The Islamic State s main base of operations was in their territory of Ar Raqqah in Syria until 2017 where it was recaptured by the Syrian Democratic Forces From there orders were given to affiliate groups called wilayat spread across the Levant Asia and Africa Few of these wilayat have declared their capital cities with the exception of al Sham with Ar Raqqah 1 al Iraq with Mosul and Central Africa with Mocimboa da Praia 135 It also had claims on the entirety of the Muslim world including Central Asia the former Ottoman Balkans South East Asia and the northern part of Africa 136 137 Other times however it expressed also a desire for world domination with labels on certain areas of the old world as well as the new world 138 139 Wilayah Province Part of Subdivisions Former Wilayat Established as a wilayah nbsp Algeria al Jaza ir nbsp Algeria 13 November 2014 40 41 nbsp Azerbaijan nbsp Azerbaijan nbsp Artsakh 2 July 2019 131 nbsp Bahrain b nbsp Bahrain nbsp Saudi Arabia c November 2014 142 141 nbsp Bengal al Bengal nbsp Bangladesh September 2016 nbsp Caucasus al Qawqaz d nbsp Russia nbsp Armenia nbsp Azerbaijan nbsp Artsakh nbsp Georgia nbsp Abkhazia nbsp South Ossetia Azerbaijan 143 23 June 2015 143 107 nbsp Central Africa Wasat Ifriqiya nbsp Congo nbsp Kenya nbsp Mozambique nbsp Tanzania e 144 Before August 2018 145 nbsp East Asia nbsp Brunei nbsp Indonesia nbsp Malaysia nbsp Philippines 2014 131 146 nbsp Gaza f nbsp Palestine nbsp Israel 2014 113 131 nbsp Greater Sahara Sahil nbsp Mali nbsp Niger nbsp Burkina Faso 15 May 2015 147 nbsp Haramayn b g nbsp Bahrain nbsp Saudi Arabia 140 141 Bahrain b 13 November 2014 142 141 Hejaz b Najd b nbsp Hejaz b nbsp Saudi Arabia November 2014 142 141 nbsp India al Hind nbsp Bangladesh nbsp India nbsp Pakistan Khorasan partial 11 May 2019 131 nbsp Iraq al Iraq h nbsp Iraq nbsp Syria partial al Janub b i 29 June 2014 149 al Anbaral BadiaBaghdad b DijlahDayala b Fallujah b KarkukNinawaSalahuddinShamal Baghdad b al Furatal Jazirahal Barakah partial al Khayr partial nbsp Khorasan Khurasan nbsp Afghanistan nbsp India nbsp Iran nbsp Pakistan nbsp TajikistanIndia 26 January 2015 58 59 60 Pakistan nbsp Libya h nbsp LibyaCyrenaica Barqa 13 November 2014 73 Fezzan Fazzan Tripolitania Tarabulus nbsp Egypt Misr nbsp Egypt February 2017 nbsp Mozambique nbsp Mozambique nbsp Tanzania May 2022 11 nbsp Najd b nbsp Saudi Arabia November 2014 142 141 nbsp Pakistan nbsp Pakistan 15 May 2019 150 151 nbsp Sinai Sina nbsp Egypt 13 November 2014 73 152 153 nbsp Somalia al Somal j nbsp Somalia nbsp Somaliland December 2017 Recognition 116 nbsp Syria al Sham k h l nbsp Syria nbsp Iraq partial nbsp Akrotiri amp Dhekelia nbsp Cyprus nbsp Northern Cyprus nbsp Israel nbsp Jordan nbsp Lebanon nbsp Palestine nbsp Turkey partial Ar Raqqah 29 June 2014 149 DimashqIdlib b HalabHamaHawran HoranHimsal Barakahal Khayral Badia partial al Furat partial al Jazirah partial nbsp Turkey b nbsp Turkey July 2019 132 133 134 nbsp Tunisia Tunis nbsp Tunisia 2015 nbsp West Africa Garb Ifriqiya nbsp Nigeria nbsp Cameroon nbsp Chad nbsp Niger Greater Sahara 2015 97 42 2016 after split with Boko Haram 99 March 2022 autonomy granted 11 nbsp Yemen al Yaman h nbsp YemenSana a 13 November 2014 40 31 Adan AbyanHadramawtal BaydaLahijMa ribShabwahAtaqGreen Brigade 157 m nbsp The West al Magrib b New world Never officially designated as a Wilayat but labeled on IS maps 159 nbsp The East al Mashriq b nbsp China nbsp Japan Never officially designated as a Wilayat but labeled on IS maps 159 nbsp Rome Ruma b Italy and possibly other territories Never officially designated as a Wilayat but labeled on IS maps 159 nbsp Iberia al Andalus b Western Europe Never officially designated as a Wilayat but labeled on IS maps 159 nbsp Brazil al Barazil b South America Never officially designated as a Wilayat but labeled on IS maps 159 Ministries edit nbsp A member of Islamic State s service department Diwan al Khidamat In addition to its territorial administration the group also established dawawin ministries for the political administration of the quasi state under al Baghdadi s administration 160 161 162 modelled after Abu Ayyub al Masri s infrastructure for the Islamic State of Iraq 163 Diwan Ministry Date of creation FunctionEducation and Teaching n Diwan al Tarbiyya wa al Ta lim July 2014 Responsible for education in a regular and extremist context 164 Its first minister was Reda Seyam ServicesDiwan al Khidamat June 2014 Responsible for the administration of public spaces such as parks and roads One example of the latter was the construction of Caliphate Way a highway built in the industrial area of Mosul which reduced congestion in the area 165 Rikaz o Diwan al Rikaz Responsible for handling and exploitation of profitable resources Its two known divisions handle fossil fuels e g petroleum and antiquities Da wah and Masajid and Awqaf Diwan al Da wah wa al Masajid wa al Awqaf Responsible for Dawah and mosque and religious staff administration HealthDiwan al Sihha June 2014 Responsible for health services and hospitals An Islamic State Health Service was established in 2015 featuring a logo modelled after the one used by the British National Health Service 166 All medical schools served under this ministry rather than the Ministry of Education Tribal RelationsDiwan al Asha ir Responsible for dealing with nomadic tribes in the core region of IS While the group committed atrocities against tribes such as Al Shaitat and documents obtained after the group s loss of territory reflect a harsh tone against the nomadic groups other documents show organized deliveries of supplies to the same groups This diwan was also known as an Office Diwan al Amn Islamic State Intelligence Responsible for public security and anti espionage operations Zakah Diwan al Zakah June 2014 Responsible for the collection and distribution of the Zakah TreasuryDiwan Bayt al mal Responsible for the finances of the group and the dinar Its Diwan al Musadara is responsible for expropriations and is based on medieval Islam 167 HisbahDiwan al Hisbah The Hisbah religious police served this ministry being in charge of enforcing the group s version of Islamic jurisprudence sharia law in public Judgement and GrievancesDiwan al Qada wa al Mazalim Responsible for enforcing and clarifying judicial matters e g Islamic court and family and marriage related issues Also based in medieval Islam clarification needed Public RelationsDiwan al Alaqat al Amma Public relations PR department AgricultureDiwan al Zira a June 2014 Responsible for the regulation of agriculture and livestock A RAND study revealed that harvests in IS territory were relatively normal with commercial vehicle traffic increasing under the new administration Only with the loss of territory and access to resources such as electricity did harvests begin to decay around 2016 168 Fatwa and InvestigationDiwan al Ifta wa al Buhuth Responsible for issuing and clarifying fatwas It also wrote and published text media used in training camps through its publishing body Maktabat al Himma SoldieryDiwan al Jund Responsible for the Army of the Islamic State and its management training and distribution It is sometimes referred to as the Soldiers Department 167 Media p Diwan al I lam al Markazi 169 Responsible for the publishing bodies of IS such as AlHayat Media Center al Furqan Media Foundation Al Bayan radio Ajnad Foundation Al Naba and Maktabat al Himma It is also in charge of the publication of magazines Dabiq Dar al Islam Konstantiniyye Istok and later on Rumiyah Additionally it s the ministry in charge of translations Fay and Ghana im q Diwan al Fay wa al Ghana im Responsible for administering and distributing war spoils that come from battles Real EstateDiwan al Aqarat wa al Kharaj Responsible for real estate seized from non Muslims or abandoned by its original owners in order to accommodate regular and new fighters or civilians 170 Regional administrative offices edit This section contains a list that has not been sorted See MOS LISTSORT for more information Please improve this section if you can March 2023 Islamic State had created various regional offices during the period 2017 2019 to organize amp direct its human and other resources amp reviving its external operational capability 171 The most vigorous and best established of IS s offices set up at the centre to oversee the wilayats are Al Siddiq office in Afghanistan which covers South Asia and according to some UN Member States Central Asia Al Karrar office in Somalia which also covers Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo DRC andAl Furqan office in the Lake Chad basin where the borders of Niger Chad Cameroon and Nigeria converge The Furqan office covers these states in North Africa and the broader western Sahel overseeing ISGS ISSP IS s other three regional offices are low functioning or moribund says the Monitoring Team and these are Al Anfal office in Libya which covered parts of northern Africa and the Sahel The Umm al Qura office based in Yemen and responsible for the Arabian Peninsula andThe Zu al Nurayn office in the Sinai Peninsula responsible for Egypt and the Sudan 171 172 See also editEarly Muslim conquests Palestinian territories Divisions of the world in IslamNotes edit In October 2015 a film was released showing how the Gold Dinar would be introduced as the sole official currency of the proto state De facto however it saw limited circulation In the areas where it saw circulation it was forbidden to use other currencies with the exception of the dollar Other areas saw the use of different types of currencies such as the Syrian pound and the Iraqi dinar 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Some provinces existed only de facto as the Islamic State did not exercise control over these territories Including Saudi Arabia s Eastern Province in addition to the eponymous archipelago across from the city of al Khubar 140 141 Includes the Russian North Caucasus mainly Islamic areas such as Dagestan or Chechnya as well as Georgia Armenia and Azerbaijan 143 A faction known as the Islamic State in Somalia Kenya Tanzania and Uganda was set up in April 2016 but was only active in Somalia as well as Kenya for a short time The group operates in the Gaza Strip It does not embrace Palestinian nationalism however but Pan Islamism and supports the idea of a wilayat encompassing the entirety of the Levant 143 Translated as the Province of the Two Holy Cities 142 or the Province of the Two Holy Sanctuaries a b c d Since mid 2018 IS has referred to its territory in the Levant simply as Wilayat al Sham and has done the same with Iraq calling it Wilayat al Iraq but still continues to acknowledge and use references to specific regions in those territories This has also been done with its claims in Libya and Yemen 55 148 Formed from Karbala Governorate Babil Governorate Najaf Governorate Al Qadisiyyah Governorate Maysan Governorate Muthanna Governorate Dhi Qar Governorate and Basra Governorate A Propaganda video under the name Hunt Them Down O Monotheists used the name Wilayat al Somal Somalia Province 116 Since then however the new name has not been consistently applied to the group by pro IS media 154 The name Syria does not involve the country but the region of the Levant Arabic al Sham including the countries within this region where insurgencies have been present 155 156 The Islamic State controlled some territory outside of its wilayat under the Khalid ibn al Walid Army until 2018 which administered its territory from Al Shajara Alternatively Luaa Akhdar Ibb 158 or Luaa al Akhdar 140 Also known as the Diwan of Education or the Diwan of Education and Teaching of Islamic State Another official name is the Diwan of Resources and it is also known as the Diwan of Natural Resources or the Diwan of Precious Resources Also known as the Diwan of Central Media or Ministry of Information Arabic وزارة الإعلام Literally the Diwan of Spoils and Plunder References edit a b c d Rasheed 2015 p 3 Zelin 2016 p 4 Nico Prucha 1 August 2017 Part 2 Upon the prophetic methodology and the media universe Online Jihad Monitoring Jihadist Online Communities Retrieved 25 July 2019 Marshall Alex 9 November 2014 How Isis got its anthem The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 8 September 2020 Tomlinson Lucas 21 April 2017 ISIS moves its capital 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News 26 August 2023 Retrieved 15 November 2023 Eklund Lina Degerald Michael Brandt Martin Prishchepov Alexander V Pilesjo Petter 28 April 2017 How conflict affects land use agricultural activity in areas seized by the Islamic State Environmental Research Letters 12 5 054004 Bibcode 2017ERL 12e4004E doi 10 1088 1748 9326 aa673a Callimachi Rukmini rcallimachi 17 October 2017 4 In an email US backed Coalition fighting ISIS told me that of the 104 000 square km the group held in Iraq Syria 93 790 is liberated Tweet via Twitter a b Although they have been besieged by Russia Iran and the regime for two years thousands of ISIS members are still within an area of 4000 km without any intention to launch a military operation against them The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights 20 February 2019 Retrieved 17 March 2023 Trump says all Islamic State land lost in Syria SDF says fight continues Reuters 24 March 2019 Archived from the original on 24 March 2019 Retrieved 17 March 2023 Trump s maps of the caliphate disregard ISIS pockets near Syrian gov t areas Archived from the original on 14 April 2021 Retrieved 25 March 2019 Complete map update of Syrian War End of February 2019 Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 25 March 2019 Syrian army attacks Islamic State targets in desert report Reuters 5 March 2019 Retrieved 17 March 2023 via www reuters com Al Yaqeen Media Three Years on the Islamic State Digital image 11 June 2017 https i redd it i2id92mph33z jpg Trauthig 2020 pp 13 18 IS Down But Still a Threat in Many Countries Voice of America 24 April 2019 Retrieved 10 December 2019 Kunle Adebajo 21 May 2021 How Did Abubakar Shekau Die Here s What We Know So Far Humangle Retrieved 30 May 2021 Dulue Mbachu 17 June 2021 Death of Boko Haram leader doesn t end northeast Nigeria s humanitarian crisis The New Humanitarian Retrieved 18 June 2021 a b Romain Caillet December 2014 ISIS S GLOBAL MESSAGING STRATEGY FACT SHEET PDF Institute for the Study of War Retrieved 13 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praises foreign suicide bombers The Long War Journal 9 April 2014 Retrieved 2 June 2014 تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية يعلن قيام ولاية الفرات على أراض سورية وعراقية France 24 in Arabic 31 August 2014 Archived from the original on 6 September 2014 Retrieved 6 September 2014 Aymenn Jawad Al Tamimi 10 September 2014 Islamic State Euphrates Province Statement Translation and Analysis aymennjawad org Retrieved 20 September 2014 The Islamic State PDF The Soufan Group 28 October 2014 Archived from the original PDF on 13 July 2015 Retrieved 16 March 2015 Islamic State Announces Creation of Second New Province in Northern Iraq SITE Intelligence Group 19 February 2015 Retrieved 16 March 2015 Terror Monitor 21 July 2018 SYRIA IslamicState Claims Killing Wounding Dozens Of SAA Soldiers in Repelling An Attempted Advance in the Countryside Of Daraa TerrorMonitor Tweet via Twitter a b Al Tamimi Aymenn Jawad 26 September 2018 Islamic State Shifts From Provinces and Governance to Global Insurgency Global 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November 2021 ISIS A History Princeton University Press ISBN 9780691211923 Bunzel Cole 2019 Ideological Infighting in the Islamic State PDF Perspectives on Terrorism ISSN 2334 3745 Teiner David 2021 The Islamic State s Rebel Governance A Combined Approach of Conceptual Classification and Qualitative Analysis of Administrative Documents PDF University of Trier a b Reduced but Rebuilding United Nations Reports on Islamic State and Al Qaeda jseldin 19 July 2022 The other ISIS networks Tweet via Twitter Works cited edit Anzalone Christopher 2018 Black Banners in Somalia The State of al Shabaab s Territorial Insurgency and the Specter of the Islamic State PDF CTC Sentinel West Point New York Combating Terrorism Center 11 3 12 20 Archived from the original PDF on 8 August 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2018 Rasheed Adil 2015 ISIS Race to Armageddon New Delhi United Service Institution Vij Books ISBN 978 93 84464 77 6 Trauthig Inga Kristina 2020 Islamic State in Libya From Force to Farce PDF Report London ICSR Warner Jason 2017 Sub Saharan Africa s Three New Islamic State Affiliates PDF CTC Sentinel 10 1 28 32 Archived from the original PDF on 30 April 2017 Retrieved 11 February 2017 Warner Jason Hulme Charlotte 2018 The Islamic State in Africa Estimating Fighter Numbers in Cells Across the Continent PDF CTC Sentinel West Point New York Combating Terrorism Center 11 7 21 28 Archived from the original PDF on 8 August 2019 Retrieved 16 August 2019 Zelin Aaron Y January 2016 The Islamic State s Territorial Methodology Research Notes The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 29 External links editFrom Syria to Bosnia Isis and its affiliates around the world The Guardian Islamic State moves in on al Qaeda turf BBCPortals nbsp Iraq nbsp Asia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Territory of the Islamic State amp oldid 1187156944 Nigeria, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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